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From: "Rami Lehtonen" <rampe@cs.tut.fi>
To: <rmt@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 5 Feb 2003 14:00:06 +0200
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Subject: [Rmt] ALC header modifications
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Hi,

If you are planning to revise the ALC header format to make it possible
to get rid off congestion control identification in some cases (make it
optional), it could make sense to make the forward error correction
optional as well (reliability could be handled by retransmissions, we
might need the sequence number field). Those fields could be moved to
header options to be specified with TLV encoding. So when you don't want
to use those, you don't have to waste any bytes because of those fields.

In addition you could specify a field in ALC header that can be used as
a message type field when specifying an actual protocol based on ALC
without having out-of-band information on different message meanings.

Any comments,

Rami Lehtonen

>I think the plan is to move ALC from Experimental RFC status to 
>Proposed Standard RFC status aggressively, i.e., within the next couple

>of months, so perhaps it would be best to make this change when it 
>moves to Proposed Standard (since it is essentially through the 
>Experimental RFC status stage).
>
>Mike Luby
_______________________________________________
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Date: Wed, 5 Feb 2003 09:20:22 -0800
From: Lorenzo Vicisano <lorenzo@cisco.com>
To: Rami Lehtonen <rampe@cs.tut.fi>
Cc: rmt@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Rmt] ALC header modifications
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Hi Rami,

As Mike mentioned this is not the right time to revise any
of the RMT RFCs, unless we discover some major flaw.

said that, these are my comments:

> If you are planning to revise the ALC header format to make it possible
> to get rid off congestion control identification in some cases (make it

this is only possible if ALC is used in confined environments, not
internet-wide. Specifying for this kind of enveronment is not IETF's
main concern and anyone is free to change the specs to his/her needs,
if these are not going to be used internet-wide. said that, we could
discuss adding some kind of statement to the spec.

> optional), it could make sense to make the forward error correction
> optional as well (reliability could be handled by retransmissions, we
> might need the sequence number field). Those fields could be moved to

ALC is not a general-pourpose reliable multicast protocol.
Retransmissions are against the ALC design principle. Please
use another protocol (e.g. NORM) if you want retransmission.

> header options to be specified with TLV encoding. So when you don't want
> to use those, you don't have to waste any bytes because of those fields.
> 
> In addition you could specify a field in ALC header that can be used as
> a message type field when specifying an actual protocol based on ALC
> without having out-of-band information on different message meanings.

not sure I understand this.

	thanks,
	Lorenzo
> 
> Any comments,
> 
> Rami Lehtonen
> 
> >I think the plan is to move ALC from Experimental RFC status to 
> >Proposed Standard RFC status aggressively, i.e., within the next couple
> 
> >of months, so perhaps it would be best to make this change when it 
> >moves to Proposed Standard (since it is essentially through the 
> >Experimental RFC status stage).
> >
> >Mike Luby
> _______________________________________________
> Rmt mailing list
> Rmt@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rmt
_______________________________________________
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Rmt@ietf.org
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From: "Michael Luby" <luby@digitalfountain.com>
To: "Lorenzo Vicisano" <lorenzo@cisco.com>, "Rami Lehtonen" <rampe@cs.tut.fi>
Cc: <rmt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Rmt] ALC header modifications
Date: Wed, 5 Feb 2003 21:21:44 -0800
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Comments interspersed below.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: rmt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:rmt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Lorenzo
> Vicisano
> Sent: Wednesday, February 05, 2003 9:20 AM
> To: Rami Lehtonen
> Cc: rmt@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Rmt] ALC header modifications
>
>
> Hi Rami,
>
> As Mike mentioned this is not the right time to revise any
> of the RMT RFCs, unless we discover some major flaw.
>
> said that, these are my comments:
>
> > If you are planning to revise the ALC header format to make it possible
> > to get rid off congestion control identification in some cases (make it
>
> this is only possible if ALC is used in confined environments, not
> internet-wide. Specifying for this kind of enveronment is not IETF's
> main concern and anyone is free to change the specs to his/her needs,
> if these are not going to be used internet-wide. said that, we could
> discuss adding some kind of statement to the spec.

This is something that several people have asked about, are concerned about,
would like to happen, and there is even some proposed language that we can
add/change the text to when the time comes.  I'd rather wait till we are
ready to move this from Experimental to Proposed Standard for this though.
I suggest we discuss that at the upcoming IETF meeting just to make sure
that there is consensus on this issue.  I know a lot of
applications/companies where ALC could be used without congestion control in
a controlled environment or where flow/congestion control is provided by
other means, and I would like to encourage the use of ALC in those
environments by making the standard cover those cases (with the proper
language) but clearly if it is being deployed broadly across the open
Internet then flow/congestion control is a must.

>
> > optional), it could make sense to make the forward error correction
> > optional as well (reliability could be handled by retransmissions, we
> > might need the sequence number field). Those fields could be moved to
>
> ALC is not a general-pourpose reliable multicast protocol.
> Retransmissions are against the ALC design principle. Please
> use another protocol (e.g. NORM) if you want retransmission.

I concur with Lorenzo's comment on this.

>
> > header options to be specified with TLV encoding. So when you don't want
> > to use those, you don't have to waste any bytes because of those fields.
> >
> > In addition you could specify a field in ALC header that can be used as
> > a message type field when specifying an actual protocol based on ALC
> > without having out-of-band information on different message meanings.
>
> not sure I understand this.

My feeling is that this is getting too general and outside the scope of what
ALC is intended for, but honestly it is not explained well enough to
evaluate.

>
> 	thanks,
> 	Lorenzo
> >
> > Any comments,
> >
> > Rami Lehtonen
> >
> > >I think the plan is to move ALC from Experimental RFC status to
> > >Proposed Standard RFC status aggressively, i.e., within the next couple
> >
> > >of months, so perhaps it would be best to make this change when it
> > >moves to Proposed Standard (since it is essentially through the
> > >Experimental RFC status stage).
> > >
> > >Mike Luby
> > _______________________________________________
> > Rmt mailing list
> > Rmt@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rmt
> _______________________________________________
> Rmt mailing list
> Rmt@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rmt
>

_______________________________________________
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Rmt@ietf.org
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From: "Rami Lehtonen" <rampe@cs.tut.fi>
To: "Michael Luby" <luby@digitalfountain.com>,
        "Lorenzo Vicisano" <lorenzo@cisco.com>
Cc: <rmt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Rmt] ALC header modifications
Date: Thu, 6 Feb 2003 08:49:41 +0200
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> > > optional), it could make sense to make the forward error correction
> > > optional as well (reliability could be handled by retransmissions, we
> > > might need the sequence number field). Those fields could be moved to
> >
> > ALC is not a general-pourpose reliable multicast protocol.
> > Retransmissions are against the ALC design principle. Please
> > use another protocol (e.g. NORM) if you want retransmission.
>
> I concur with Lorenzo's comment on this.

Even if the ALC is designed to work without retransmissions, one could send
packets without FEC continuously on one ALC channel (carousel) or use
several ALC channels. To allow this the use of FEC could be optional even
though the implentation must support it.

> > > In addition you could specify a field in ALC header that can
> be used as
> > > a message type field when specifying an actual protocol based on ALC
> > > without having out-of-band information on different message meanings.
> >
> > not sure I understand this.
>
> My feeling is that this is getting too general and outside the
> scope of what
> ALC is intended for, but honestly it is not explained well enough to
> evaluate.

The idea was that protocol could include a message type field to be used
e.g. by applications relying on ALC for multicast session information
transfer. Like SAP contains a message type specifying whether it contains an
announcement or deletion of a session. But maybe I have assumed ALC as too
general multicast object transfer protocol with its varying header field
sizes.

- Rami

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From: "Michael Luby" <luby@digitalfountain.com>
To: "Rami Lehtonen" <rampe@cs.tut.fi>
Cc: "Lorenzo Vicisano" <lorenzo@cisco.com>, <rmt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Rmt] ALC header modifications
Date: Thu, 6 Feb 2003 15:41:59 -0800
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Hi Rami,
More comments interspersed below.
Regards, Mike

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Rami Lehtonen [mailto:rampe@cs.tut.fi]
> Sent: Wednesday, February 05, 2003 10:50 PM
> To: Michael Luby; Lorenzo Vicisano
> Cc: rmt@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Rmt] ALC header modifications
>
>
> > > > optional), it could make sense to make the forward error correction
> > > > optional as well (reliability could be handled by
> retransmissions, we
> > > > might need the sequence number field). Those fields could
> be moved to
> > >
> > > ALC is not a general-pourpose reliable multicast protocol.
> > > Retransmissions are against the ALC design principle. Please
> > > use another protocol (e.g. NORM) if you want retransmission.
> >
> > I concur with Lorenzo's comment on this.
>
> Even if the ALC is designed to work without retransmissions, one
> could send
> packets without FEC continuously on one ALC channel (carousel) or use
> several ALC channels. To allow this the use of FEC could be optional even
> though the implentation must support it.

Lorenzo and I are going to be submitting a supplement to the FEC BB today
that introduces two new FEC Encoding IDs, one Fully-Specified and one
Under-Specified. The Fully-Specified FEC Encoding ID uses no FEC encoding
(the original data is partitioned into "encoding symbols" and each packet
contains one of these encoding symbols, and the recommended sending approach
is carousel.  This will allow a standard and easy FEC Encoding ID to
implement, and I think it answers your request (others as well have asked
for a "no-coding" FEC scheme).

In terms of specifying feedback from receivers to the sender, I would not
put this into ALC because ALC does not include anything that limits
scalability and this would.  It might be a good idea to consider putting
something like this in a separate draft that could be used in conjunction
with ALC.  I would have to think about it more though before being
convinced.

>
> > > > In addition you could specify a field in ALC header that can
> > be used as
> > > > a message type field when specifying an actual protocol based on ALC
> > > > without having out-of-band information on different message
> meanings.
> > >
> > > not sure I understand this.
> >
> > My feeling is that this is getting too general and outside the
> > scope of what
> > ALC is intended for, but honestly it is not explained well enough to
> > evaluate.
>
> The idea was that protocol could include a message type field to be used
> e.g. by applications relying on ALC for multicast session information
> transfer. Like SAP contains a message type specifying whether it
> contains an
> announcement or deletion of a session. But maybe I have assumed ALC as too
> general multicast object transfer protocol with its varying header field
> sizes.

I believe there will be a new draft that does something like this coming
soon that uses a different mechanism than what you suggest that I think is a
pretty good idea. If and when it is submitted maybe it is good to look to
this as a starting place to see if achieves what you were hoping to achieve.

>
> - Rami
>
>

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Reliable Multicast Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Compact Forward Error Correction (FEC) Schemes
	Author(s)	: M. Luby, L. Vicisano
	Filename	: draft-ietf-rmt-bb-fec-supp-inband-00.txt
	Pages		: 17
	Date		: 2003-2-7
	
This document introduces some Forward Error Correction (FEC) schemes
which supplement the FEC schemes described in the FEC Building Block.
The primary benefits of these additional FEC schemes is that they are
designed for reliable bulk delivery of large objects using a more
compact FEC Payload ID, and they can be used to sequentially deliver
blocks of an object of indeterminate length. Thus, they more flexibly
support different delivery models with less packet header overhead.

This document describes the Fully-Specified FEC scheme corresponding to
FEC Encoding ID 0. This Fully-Specified FEC scheme requires no FEC
coding and is introduced primarily to allow simple interoperability
testing between different implementations of protocol instantiations
that use the FEC building block.

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Hi all,

I have submitted an Internet-Draft that specifies a way to use ALC for file delivery.
In the RMT WG session of IETF-56 we will discuss the document.

Regards,
 Toni

> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories. 
>
>
>       Title       : FDALC - File Delivery for ALC 
>       Author(s)   : T. Paila 
>       Filename    : draft-paila-rmt-fdalc-00.txt 
>       Pages       : 21 
>       Date        : 2003-2-10 
>
> This document defines unidirectional delivery of files. The 
> specification builds on Asynchronous Layered Coding, the base 
> protocol designed for massively scalable multicast distribution. 
> Thus, this document specifies a technique called FDALC - a mechanism 
> for signalling and mapping the properties of files to concepts of ALC 
> in a way that allows receivers to assign those parameters for 
> received objects. 
>
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is: 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-paila-rmt-fdalc-00.txt

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From: Vincent Roca <vincent.roca@inrialpes.fr>
Organization: INRIA Rhone-Alpes
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Hello Toni,

A few comments on draft-paila-rmt-fdalc-00.txt...


File distribution is for sure the main use of ALC/LCT, and having
guidelines explaining how to do that is useful. Yet there are
several points on which I disagree.


** Your proposal is to keep file meta data (contained in the FDT object)
separate from file objects. Doing that you create inter object
dependencies: the receiving application cannot do anything with a file
object until it has also received the associated FDT object.
This is a source of inefficiencies (eg the file object can be rather
large and require a large amount of RAM) and leads to useless delivery
order assumptions (section 4).
You can have a look at the famous Clark/Tennenhouse sigcomm90 paper on
ALF for more background on why this is the wrong way of doing things.


** A file distribution over ALC scheme was already discussed in an
early version (obsoleted of course) of ALC/LCT,
draft-ietf-rmt-pi-alc-01.txt,
in annex 1 (A File Transfer using ALC - 'Fcast').
You can retrieve it at URL:

http://www.inrialpes.fr/planete/people/roca/mcl/doc/draft-ietf-rmt-pi-alc-01.txt

We implemented it and have used it for more than 2 years now, under
many different situations/assumptions without any problem.

The approach is totally different from FDALC since file meta data
are appended to the file content, and everything is submitted as a
SINGLE ALC object. There is no inter-object dependencies and objects
can be received in any order.

The only limitation is that the number of objects in a session and
the TOI of these objects are not specified with this approach (whereas 
these two informations are part of the FDT table in FDALC).
In our implementation we bypass this problem by using sequential TOIs
and adding a private header extension (PI specific extension of HET>63)
indicating the number of TOIs in a session once this is known (ie. at
session start if the sender must distribute a fixed number of files, or
during the session if objects are produced dynamically).
Of course this information can also be carried out of band (eg. in the SDP
announcement) if this is known in advance.


** Requiring (or even recommending) that a single channel (layer) is
used per ALC session (section 4) prevents the use of layered congestion
control protocol and therefore the use of FDALC on the Internet...
Even if this appropriate for closed non-Internet networks, it would be a
pity to define a file delivery standard that cannot be used for the
Internet.


The remaining is for non critical remarks:


** Don't require that object be files; managing file slices within
a file distribution session brings many benefits, especially when
small block FEC codes are used (see our INRIA RR #4411 or the ISCC'02
paper).


** The use of SDP for session description is fine. Yet I would add
(even if it is not always used) several additional information as
mentioned in the LCT RFC:
 - congestion control protocol (this is a MUST!)
 - authentication scheme if used
(something else ???)


** You say in section 3.2 that "delivery of a previous FDT MUST end
before the delivery of the next FDT starts."
What about delayed packets arriving several seconds after their
transmission? Even if not common, it may happen.


** I have the feeling that you often assume a sequential delivery of
packets on the channel(s). If ALC/LCT does not specify anything on the
packet transmission order, in practice (at least in our implementation, I
don't know for others) transmissions take place in a more or less random
order (once again see INRIA RR #4411/ISCC'02 for the motivations behind
it: congestion control, on-demand delivery, robustness...).


** Why should FDT version be limited to 65535 max ?
Usually this is the kind of limitation we have with binary 16bit fields,
but in case of FDALC this information is carried in a textual field
and it makes no sense to have such a strict limitation. A limitation
of 2^32-1 seems better.


** section 3.2, it is said that "a rx may use an FDT after its expiration
time if..."! Why do you define expiration times it they are not used
in certain cases ?


** section 3.2, it is said: "... or drop it [TOI 3 in the FDT]. In the
latter case the interpretation should be that the file has already been
delivered."
Am I right if I replace "delivered" by "the source will not send any
further packet for object TOI=3" ?
In that case another way of doing it is to use the Close Object flag (B)
of LCT.


Hope it will help. And feel free to continue this discussion in-line
or off-line, to share our respective experience on the subject.

Cheers,

    vincent.

---------------------- http://www.inrialpes.fr/planete/people/roca/
  INRIA Rhone-Alpes - projet planete      vincent.roca@inrialpes.fr
  Zirst; 655 av. de l'Europe; Montbonnot  phone (+33) 4.76.61.52.16
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu Feb 13 06:21:13 2003
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From: "Rami Lehtonen" <rampe@cs.tut.fi>
To: "Vincent Roca" <vincent.roca@inrialpes.fr>, <toni.paila@nokia.com>,
        <rmt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Rmt] File delivery for ALC -- draft-paila-rmt-fdalc-00.txt
Date: Thu, 13 Feb 2003 13:18:34 +0200
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> ** Requiring (or even recommending) that a single channel (layer) is
> used per ALC session (section 4) prevents the use of layered congestion
> control protocol and therefore the use of FDALC on the Internet...
> Even if this appropriate for closed non-Internet networks, it would be a
> pity to define a file delivery standard that cannot be used for the
> Internet.

Why this can't be used in the Internet? In my understanding the ALC base
layer is always delivered to receivers and that can't be congestion
controlled (of cource you can leave ALC session...). Why this is any
different? Of course you don't have extra layers for higher bandwidth
receivers.

- Rami

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From: Vincent Roca <vincent.roca@inrialpes.fr>
Organization: INRIA Rhone-Alpes
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Hi Rami,

> Why this can't be used in the Internet? In my understanding the ALC base
> layer is always delivered to receivers and that can't be congestion
> controlled (of cource you can leave ALC session...). Why this is any
> different? Of course you don't have extra layers for higher bandwidth
> receivers.

A fixed rate transmission cannot be considered TCP-friendly
as it provides no means for receivers to adjust their reception
rate. Remind that congestion control is one of the basic
requirements identified by RFC 2357.

You're right in the sense that the base layer, with layered
congestion control protocols, is supposed to be sufficiently
low not to cause congestion. This is an intrinsic limitation,
right. But there is an easy way of increasing the reception
rate: add layers. On the opposite, with a single layer, the
only solution is to increase the transmission rate, well above
the reasonable minimum...

Besides, with a single layer you can't support heterogeneous
receivers, which is one of the main assets of ALC over single
rate NACK/ACK-based protocols...

  vincent

---------------------- http://www.inrialpes.fr/planete/people/roca/
  INRIA Rhone-Alpes - projet planete      vincent.roca@inrialpes.fr
  Zirst; 655 av. de l'Europe; Montbonnot  phone (+33) 4.76.61.52.16
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Reliable Multicast Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Reliable Multicast Transport Building Block: Tree 
                          Auto-Configuration
	Author(s)	: B. Whetten et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-rmt-bb-tree-config-03.txt
	Pages		: 27
	Date		: 2003-2-13
	
The Reliable Multicast Transport Working Group has been chartered 
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This draft is concerned with the requirements of the tree-based 
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Subject: [Rmt] TFMCC Building Block document comments
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Hello Jorg, Mark,


I've been updating the NORM BB & PI documents to be consistent with 
the RMT guidelines and to be consistent with the pertinent building 
block documents.  In the previous NORM PI draft I had taken a shot at 
specifying TFMCC-like congestion control for NORM based on the TFMCC 
SIGCOMM papers and other related work.  This was prior to the release 
of the TFMCC draft.  I'm changing terminology in the NORM draft to be 
consistent with the terminology in the TFMCC draft and making some 
other changes.

I think the TFMCC draft is very well-written, very well thought-out, 
and very clear.  However, there a couple of areas where the TFMCC 
document, as a "building block", perhaps over-specifies some details 
for RMT protocol instantiations using its techniques.   In several 
cases, different but functionally equivalent mechanisms might better 
fit a particular protocol instantiation (e.g. NORM).

In the case of NORM, the only significant deviations from the wording 
of the TFMCC document is that NORM uses a special congestion control 
message instead of including overhead in every packet and that 
individual RTT measurements are performed by the sender and provided 
to the receiver group.  With respect to the TFMCC approach, 
equivalent functionality is provided.  (The previous NORM PI didn't 
have a "receiver_leave" flag specified, but this is being remedied). 
For the most part, I think the remaining NORM/TFMCC inconsistencies 
can be addressed by adding some more general language to the TFMCC 
recommendation to allow for different data sender protocol 
assumptions.  The only other issues are that the NORM BB and TFMCC BB 
give two different RTT_max/GRTT estimation algorithms (see below) and 
a minor comment on sender rate adjustment in the absence of feedback 
from the CLR.



So, here are my comments on the TFMCC document:

---------------------

1) TFMCC Data Sender Protocol Assumptions

With respect to the NORM PI, the most significant semantic difference 
between it and TFMCC is that the NORM protocol uses a separate 
message (NORM_CMD(CC)) type to which is periodically sent once per 
CLR RTT (or RTT_max) to excite congestion control feedback from the 
receiver set rather than including overhead in every NORM_DATA 
message.  In simulations I have conducted, I seem to get congestion 
control performance comparable to TFMCC with this approach.

The reasons for this different approach is:

a)  With the overhead to accommodate FEC, NORM message overhead is 
already quite large and the congestion control additions start to 
significantly eat into the space available for user data given 
networks with limited MTUs.

b) Although congestion control operation will be mandatory for 
general Internet use, the anticipated NORM user base will have a 
great deal of application in specialized networks where TCP-friendly 
congestion control may not be necessary or desirable.  (The separate 
NORM_CMD(CC) message can allow for alternate congestion control 
schemes to be employed in these networks and its exclusion provides 
for fixed sender-rate operation).

c) In addition to collecting explicit feedback from the "current 
limiting receiver" (CLR), the NORM_CMD(CC) also provides for optional 
collection of explicit feedback from a small set of "potential 
limiting receivers" (PLRs)  (This was termed "worst path candidates" 
in the previous NORM draft).  The probing of the PLR set allows for 
rapid congestion control response to receivers which, although 
perhaps not the current CLR, have been somehow identified (perhaps 
even administratively) as critical in congestion control (or flow 
control) operation.  Our reliable multicast user base has expressed 
interest in this option.

Impact on TFMCC Document:

The TFMCC document could have language added to note that the data 
sender protocol might provide congestion control status to the group 
in a fashion as described above (at least once per CLR RTT or 
RTT_max).  This mechanism also allows for a slightly different 
control paradigm for the TFMCC notion of "feedback rounds".  In NORM, 
each NORM_CMD(CC) message sent by the data sender contains a 
"cc_sequence" number which basically identifies the "feedback round"


---------------------
2) Determining Maximum RTT

The NORM BB document had specified a different means for tracking 
R_max (the NORM BB had termed this "GRTT") which we have been using 
for some time.

The NORM GRTT algorithm provides a small amount of smoothing of GRTT 
peaks and reduces the GRTT only after multiple (3) consecutive rounds 
(thus allowing for feedback loss) with feedback indicators less than 
the current GRTT.

I don't see these two different algorithms (TFMCC and NORM-BB)  likey 
performing extremely differently for the most part, but they are 
different and either one should be selected for the RMT documents or 
some explanation given.  I don't think this issue has been thoroughly 
studied and I'm not sure of all of the advantages/disadvantages of 
either over the other.  The reason we smoothed the GRTT peaks a bit 
was that in experience, "user-space" code on a busy operating system 
would often give us large peaks and this seemed to help with the 
trade-off between protocol latency and feedback suppression.  Since 
the next step is Experimental RFC for these documents, I think that 
perhaps some discussion be provided.  I can do this in the NORM-BB. 
As for TFMCC, it may want to present its recommendation, but note 
this as an area for further study/experimentation?

---------------------

3) Adjusting the Sending Rate

As a congestion avoidance measure, it may be useful to also reduce 
the transmission rate when no feedback is received from the CLR (even 
though feedback might have been received from other receivers), prior 
to timing-out the CLR under the "crashed or left group" assumption. 
For example, if no feedback is received from the CLR after 2-3 RTT, 
the rate should be reduced as a congestion avoidance measure.

---------------------

4) Receiver-Side RTT Measurements.

In the NORM PI, the receivers echo back the sender timestamp (from 
previous NORM_CMD(CC) messages) and the sender performs the RTT 
measurement (it can use the receiver's provided previous RTT to 
smooth the measurement if the NORM_FLAG_RTT (equalt to "have_rtt") 
flag is set).  The sender provides the RTT to receivers in a 
subsequent NORM_CMD(CC) transmission  using the same sort of 
prioritization rules that are described in TFMCC to break ties.  Note 
that one-way delay adjustments can still be done with this approach. 
This approach used by NORM is a little more efficient with overhead 
(in the context of NORM) since the RTT field provide to receivers can 
be readily compressed.  Also this approach allows receivers to be 
aware of other receivers RTT which can potentially be used to make 
multi-sender RTT determination more efficient (This is perhaps 
outside of the immediate scope of one-to-many bulk transfer but may 
be applicable in the long run)







-- 
Brian
__________________________________
Brian Adamson
<http://manimac.itd.nrl.navy.mil>
<mailto:adamson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Feb 28 09:44:11 2003
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Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 15:37:50 +0100
From: Joerg Widmer <widmer@informatik.uni-mannheim.de>
Organization: University of Mannheim
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Subject: [Rmt] Re: TFMCC Building Block document comments
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Hi Brian,
thanks for your comments on the TFMCC draft.

1) I don't see any problems with the proposed changes. Having the
congestion control information separate from the data packet seems fine
to me though it'll limit the number of possible RTT measurements per 
feedback round. I can add a corresponding paragraph to the draft.

2) As for how to determine the max RTT I'll implement the NORM version 
and run some simulations to better understand it's impact on TFMCC.

3) We could align this with the TFRC draft where the sending rate is 
reduced by half if a nofeedback timer expires (with timeout value 
4*RTT). Seems reasonable to me.

4) If sender-side RTT measurement are better suited for NORM we can add 
a paragraph that either sender- or receiver-side RTT measurements are 
possible as long as they allow for one-way RTT adjustments.

Mark, are you ok with this?

Cheers,
    Joerg

  >
  > In the case of NORM, the only significant deviations from the wording of
  > the TFMCC document is that NORM uses a special congestion control
  > message instead of including overhead in every packet and that
  > individual RTT measurements are performed by the sender and provided to
  > the receiver group.  With respect to the TFMCC approach, equivalent
  > functionality is provided.  (The previous NORM PI didn't have a
  > "receiver_leave" flag specified, but this is being remedied). For the
  > most part, I think the remaining NORM/TFMCC inconsistencies can be
  > addressed by adding some more general language to the TFMCC
  > recommendation to allow for different data sender protocol assumptions.
  > The only other issues are that the NORM BB and TFMCC BB give two
  > different RTT_max/GRTT estimation algorithms (see below) and a minor
  > comment on sender rate adjustment in the absence of feedback from the
CLR.
  >
  >
  >
  > So, here are my comments on the TFMCC document:
  >
  > ---------------------
  >
  > 1) TFMCC Data Sender Protocol Assumptions
  >
  > With respect to the NORM PI, the most significant semantic difference
  > between it and TFMCC is that the NORM protocol uses a separate message
  > (NORM_CMD(CC)) type to which is periodically sent once per CLR RTT (or
  > RTT_max) to excite congestion control feedback from the receiver set
  > rather than including overhead in every NORM_DATA message.  In
  > simulations I have conducted, I seem to get congestion control
  > performance comparable to TFMCC with this approach.
  >
  > The reasons for this different approach is:
  >
  > a)  With the overhead to accommodate FEC, NORM message overhead is
  > already quite large and the congestion control additions start to
  > significantly eat into the space available for user data given networks
  > with limited MTUs.
  >
  > b) Although congestion control operation will be mandatory for general
  > Internet use, the anticipated NORM user base will have a great deal of
  > application in specialized networks where TCP-friendly congestion
  > control may not be necessary or desirable.  (The separate NORM_CMD(CC)
  > message can allow for alternate congestion control schemes to be
  > employed in these networks and its exclusion provides for fixed
  > sender-rate operation).
  >
  > c) In addition to collecting explicit feedback from the "current
  > limiting receiver" (CLR), the NORM_CMD(CC) also provides for optional
  > collection of explicit feedback from a small set of "potential limiting
  > receivers" (PLRs)  (This was termed "worst path candidates" in the
  > previous NORM draft).  The probing of the PLR set allows for rapid
  > congestion control response to receivers which, although perhaps not the
  > current CLR, have been somehow identified (perhaps even
  > administratively) as critical in congestion control (or flow control)
  > operation.  Our reliable multicast user base has expressed interest in
  > this option.
  >
  > Impact on TFMCC Document:
  >
  > The TFMCC document could have language added to note that the data
  > sender protocol might provide congestion control status to the group in
  > a fashion as described above (at least once per CLR RTT or RTT_max).
  > This mechanism also allows for a slightly different control paradigm for
  > the TFMCC notion of "feedback rounds".  In NORM, each NORM_CMD(CC)
  > message sent by the data sender contains a "cc_sequence" number which
  > basically identifies the "feedback round"
  >
  >
  > ---------------------
  > 2) Determining Maximum RTT
  >
  > The NORM BB document had specified a different means for tracking R_max
  > (the NORM BB had termed this "GRTT") which we have been using for some
  > time.
  >
  > The NORM GRTT algorithm provides a small amount of smoothing of GRTT
  > peaks and reduces the GRTT only after multiple (3) consecutive rounds
  > (thus allowing for feedback loss) with feedback indicators less than the
  > current GRTT.
  >
  > I don't see these two different algorithms (TFMCC and NORM-BB)  likey
  > performing extremely differently for the most part, but they are
  > different and either one should be selected for the RMT documents or
  > some explanation given.  I don't think this issue has been thoroughly
  > studied and I'm not sure of all of the advantages/disadvantages of
  > either over the other.  The reason we smoothed the GRTT peaks a bit was
  > that in experience, "user-space" code on a busy operating system would
  > often give us large peaks and this seemed to help with the trade-off
  > between protocol latency and feedback suppression.  Since the next step
  > is Experimental RFC for these documents, I think that perhaps some
  > discussion be provided.  I can do this in the NORM-BB. As for TFMCC, it
  > may want to present its recommendation, but note this as an area for
  > further study/experimentation?
  >
  > ---------------------
  >
  > 3) Adjusting the Sending Rate
  >
  > As a congestion avoidance measure, it may be useful to also reduce the
  > transmission rate when no feedback is received from the CLR (even though
  > feedback might have been received from other receivers), prior to
  > timing-out the CLR under the "crashed or left group" assumption. For
  > example, if no feedback is received from the CLR after 2-3 RTT, the rate
  > should be reduced as a congestion avoidance measure.
  >
  > ---------------------
  >
  > 4) Receiver-Side RTT Measurements.
  >
  > In the NORM PI, the receivers echo back the sender timestamp (from
  > previous NORM_CMD(CC) messages) and the sender performs the RTT
  > measurement (it can use the receiver's provided previous RTT to smooth
  > the measurement if the NORM_FLAG_RTT (equalt to "have_rtt") flag is
  > set).  The sender provides the RTT to receivers in a subsequent
  > NORM_CMD(CC) transmission  using the same sort of prioritization rules
  > that are described in TFMCC to break ties.  Note that one-way delay
  > adjustments can still be done with this approach. This approach used by
  > NORM is a little more efficient with overhead (in the context of NORM)
  > since the RTT field provide to receivers can be readily compressed.
  > Also this approach allows receivers to be aware of other receivers RTT
  > which can potentially be used to make multi-sender RTT determination
  > more efficient (This is perhaps outside of the immediate scope of
  > one-to-many bulk transfer but may be applicable in the long run)
  >
  >



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From: Mark Handley <mjh@icir.org>
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To: Joerg Widmer <widmer@informatik.uni-mannheim.de>
cc: Brian Adamson <adamson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>, macker@itd.nrl.navy.mil,
        RMT <rmt@ietf.org>
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 28 Feb 2003 15:37:50 +0100."
             <3E5F743E.4080602@informatik.uni-mannheim.de> 
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 10:09:32 -0800
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Subject: [Rmt] Re: TFMCC Building Block document comments
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>1) I don't see any problems with the proposed changes. Having the
>congestion control information separate from the data packet seems fine
>to me though it'll limit the number of possible RTT measurements per 
>feedback round. I can add a corresponding paragraph to the draft.

We should probably state that it can be piggybacked, or in separate
packets.  Then we should state what the requirements are for how often
we need to measure, taking loss into account.  

>3) We could align this with the TFRC draft where the sending rate is 
>reduced by half if a nofeedback timer expires (with timeout value 
>4*RTT). Seems reasonable to me.

You might want to be conservative on the nofeedback timer - you'd like
to take variance into account, not just RTT, but this isn't too easy
to do for TFMCC.

>4) If sender-side RTT measurement are better suited for NORM we can add 
>a paragraph that either sender- or receiver-side RTT measurements are 
>possible as long as they allow for one-way RTT adjustments.

Although the receiver does need to have its RTT measurement to figure
out congestion events.  I have a slight preference for specifying one
way to do this only.  I think receiver-based is slightly preferable,
because it adds half an RTT less delay.  Is there a good reason NORM
can't do receiver-based?

 - Mark



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        Joerg Widmer <widmer@informatik.uni-mannheim.de>
From: Brian Adamson <adamson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>
Subject: [Rmt] Re: TFMCC Building Block document comments
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At 10:09 AM -0800 2/28/03, Mark Handley wrote:
>  >1) I don't see any problems with the proposed changes. Having the
>>congestion control information separate from the data packet seems fine
>>to me though it'll limit the number of possible RTT measurements per
>>feedback round. I can add a corresponding paragraph to the draft.
>
>We should probably state that it can be piggybacked, or in separate
>packets.  Then we should state what the requirements are for how often
>we need to measure, taking loss into account. 
>
>>3) We could align this with the TFRC draft where the sending rate is
>>reduced by half if a nofeedback timer expires (with timeout value
>>4*RTT). Seems reasonable to me.
>
>You might want to be conservative on the nofeedback timer - you'd like
>to take variance into account, not just RTT, but this isn't too easy
>to do for TFMCC.
>
>>4) If sender-side RTT measurement are better suited for NORM we can add
>>a paragraph that either sender- or receiver-side RTT measurements are
>>possible as long as they allow for one-way RTT adjustments.
>
>Although the receiver does need to have its RTT measurement to figure
>out congestion events.  I have a slight preference for specifying one
>way to do this only.  I think receiver-based is slightly preferable,
>because it adds half an RTT less delay.  Is there a good reason NORM
>can't do receiver-based?


I think in both cases, NORM and TFMCC, the sender can determine the 
RTT to a receiver upon receiving a feedback message from the receiver 
since the receiver message has a previous sender timestamp in it. 
(The TFMCC receiver feedback message also has a receiver timestamp)

With NORM, the sender echoes the calculated RTT back to the receiver 
where in TFMCC the sender echoes the receiver timestamp back to the 
receiver ... in this respect the TFMCC receiver RTT measurement is 
half an RTT fresher.  I don't think this is significant with respect 
to congestion control performance.

NORM's sender-side approach gets rid of the need to communicate the 
receiver timestamp in feedback messages.   And in the messages sent 
by the NORM sender, the RTT can be compressed to a smaller field than 
the receiver timestamp.  The current NORM approach also allows other 
receivers to see the RTT of other receivers ... While this isn't 
currently useful in a one-to-many bulk transfer paradigm, knowledge 
of other NORM nodes' RTT might be leveraged for multi-way RTT 
determination in the future.  It's also a _little_ less CPU work for 
the sender to just provide the RTT measurement to tre receiver and 
not also keep track of the hold-time and adjust the receiver 
timestamp echoed.

NORM _could_ do receiver-based if you think it will significantly 
impact congestion control performance.  This could be done instead of 
or in addition to the sender-provided RTT.  But in my simulations, 
both seem to work equivalently well - but I haven't conducted an 
extensive study of this issue.





>
>  - Mark
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Rmt mailing list
>Rmt@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rmt


-- 
Brian
__________________________________
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<http://manimac.itd.nrl.navy.mil>
<mailto:adamson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>
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