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From: "Michael Luby" <luby@digitalfountain.com>
To: "Rmt@ietf. org" <rmt@ietf.org>
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Rmt@ietf. org,

Please take a moment to reply to this email and make changes to your
contact information.

I'm sending my contact info to make sure you have an up to date
copy.  If you want, please respond as follows to this message:


Instructions:
  1. Download Plaxo and we will automatically stay in sync:
         http://www.plaxo.com/downloads

     --OR--

  1. Click REPLY
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       change it in the reply.
  3. Send the reply message

If everything looks correct, just reply with `no changes'
in the message body.

Thanks!

------

Name: Rmt@ietf. org
Job Title: 
Company: 
Work E-mail: rmt@ietf.org
Work Phone: 
Work Fax: 
Work Address Line 1: 
Work Address Line 2: 
Work City, State, Zip: 
Mobile Phone: 

Home E-mail: 
Home Phone: 
Home Fax: 
Home Address Line 1: 
Home Address Line 2: 
Home City, State, Zip: 
Birthday: 


P.S. I've included my Plaxo card below so that you have my current information.  I've also attached a copy as a vCard.

 +-----------------
 | Michael Luby
 | luby@digitalfountain.com
 | CTO
 | 
 | Digital Fountain
 | 39141 Civic Center Drive
 | Suite 300
 | Fremont, CA  94538
 | work: (510) 284-1436
 | fax: (510) 284-1499
 | web: http://www.digitalfountain.com
 +-------------------------------------

____________________________________________________________
This message was sent to you by luby@digitalfountain.com
via Plaxo.  To have Plaxo automatically handle these messages
in the future, go to: http://www.plaxo.com/autoreply

Plaxo's Privacy Policy: http://www.plaxo.com/support/privacy

--_-------==308926981
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BEGIN:VCARD 
VERSION:2.1
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TITLE:CTO
ADR;WORK;ENCODING=QUOTED-PRINTABLE:;;39141 Civic Center Drive=0D=0ASuite 300=0D=0AFremont, CA  94538;;;;
TEL;WORK;VOICE:(510) 284-1436
TEL;WORK;FAX:(510) 284-1499
EMAIL;PREF;INTERNET:luby@digitalfountain.com
URL;WORK:http://www.digitalfountain.com
END:VCARD

--_-------==308926981--




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Rmt@Lbl. Gov,

Please take a moment to reply to this email and make changes to your
contact information.

I'm sending my contact info to make sure you have an up to date
copy.  If you want, please respond as follows to this message:


Instructions:
  1. Download Plaxo and we will automatically stay in sync:
         http://www.plaxo.com/downloads

     --OR--

  1. Click REPLY
  2. Check the contact info below - and if it isn't correct - just
       change it in the reply.
  3. Send the reply message

If everything looks correct, just reply with `no changes'
in the message body.

Thanks!

------

Name: Rmt@Lbl. Gov
Job Title: 
Company: 
Work E-mail: rmt@lbl.gov
Work Phone: 
Work Fax: 
Work Address Line 1: 
Work Address Line 2: 
Work City, State, Zip: 
Mobile Phone: 

Home E-mail: 
Home Phone: 
Home Fax: 
Home Address Line 1: 
Home Address Line 2: 
Home City, State, Zip: 
Birthday: 


P.S. I've included my Plaxo card below so that you have my current information.  I've also attached a copy as a vCard.

 +-----------------
 | Michael Luby
 | luby@digitalfountain.com
 | CTO
 | 
 | Digital Fountain
 | 39141 Civic Center Drive
 | Suite 300
 | Fremont, CA  94538
 | work: (510) 284-1436
 | fax: (510) 284-1499
 | web: http://www.digitalfountain.com
 +-------------------------------------

____________________________________________________________
This message was sent to you by luby@digitalfountain.com
via Plaxo.  To have Plaxo automatically handle these messages
in the future, go to: http://www.plaxo.com/autoreply

Plaxo's Privacy Policy: http://www.plaxo.com/support/privacy

--_-------==718198501
Content-Type: text/x-vcard; charset=ISO-8859-1; name="Michael Luby.vcf"
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="Michael Luby.vcf"
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BEGIN:VCARD 
VERSION:2.1
X-PLAXO-VERSION:1.0
N:Luby;Michael;;;
FN:Michael Luby
ORG:Digital Fountain
TITLE:CTO
ADR;WORK;ENCODING=QUOTED-PRINTABLE:;;39141 Civic Center Drive=0D=0ASuite 300=0D=0AFremont, CA  94538;;;;
TEL;WORK;VOICE:(510) 284-1436
TEL;WORK;FAX:(510) 284-1499
EMAIL;PREF;INTERNET:luby@digitalfountain.com
URL;WORK:http://www.digitalfountain.com
END:VCARD

--_-------==718198501--




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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue Nov  4 05:23:22 2003
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> Name: Maziar Nekovee
> Job Title: Senior Research Scientists
> Company: BT Exact, British Telecoms
> Work E-mail: maziar.nekovee@bt.com
> Work Phone: +44-1473-645470
> Work Fax:   +44-1473-645470
> Work Address Line 1: Polaris 134
> Work Address Line 2: BT Exact
> Work City, State, Zip: Martlesham, Suffolk IP5 3RE, UK
> Mobile Phone:=20
>=20
> Home E-mail:=20
> Home Phone:=20
> Home Fax:=20
> Home Address Line 1:=20
> Home Address Line 2:=20
> Home City, State, Zip:=20
=20

-----------------------------------------------------
Dr Maziar Nekovee
Complexity Research Group
Polaris 134 BT Exact
Martlesham, Suffolk IP5 3RE
tel:+44-1473-645470
fax:+44-1473-642161
http://research.btexact.com/teralab/maziarnekovee.html


> -----Original Message-----
> From: rmt-request@ietf.org [mailto:rmt-request@ietf.org]
> Sent: 03 November 2003 17:00
> To: rmt@ietf.org
> Subject: Rmt digest, Vol 1 #168 - 2 msgs
>=20
>=20
> Send Rmt mailing list submissions to
> 	rmt@ietf.org
>=20
> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
> 	https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rmt
> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
> 	rmt-request@ietf.org
>=20
> You can reach the person managing the list at
> 	rmt-admin@ietf.org
>=20
> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
> than "Re: Contents of Rmt digest..."
>=20
>=20
> Today's Topics:
>=20
>    1. Your contact info (Michael Luby)
>    2. Your contact info (Michael Luby)
>=20
> --__--__--
>=20
> Message: 1
> Date: 3 Nov 2003 08:43:49 -0000
> From: "Michael Luby" <luby@digitalfountain.com>
> To: "Rmt@ietf. org" <rmt@ietf.org>
> Reply-to: "Plaxo Contact Update for Michael Luby"=20
> <addrupdate-12885089135-11913946--513187936-1S@mx.plaxo.com>
> Subject: [Rmt] Your contact info
>=20
> This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
>=20
> --_-------=3D=3D308926981
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3DISO-8859-1
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
>=20
> Rmt@ietf. org,
>=20
> Please take a moment to reply to this email and make changes to your
> contact information.
>=20
> I'm sending my contact info to make sure you have an up to date
> copy.  If you want, please respond as follows to this message:
>=20
>=20
> Instructions:
>   1. Download Plaxo and we will automatically stay in sync:
>          http://www.plaxo.com/downloads
>=20
>      --OR--
>=20
>   1. Click REPLY
>   2. Check the contact info below - and if it isn't correct - just
>        change it in the reply.
>   3. Send the reply message
>=20
> If everything looks correct, just reply with `no changes'
> in the message body.
>=20
> Thanks!
>=20
> ------
>=20
> Name: Rmt@ietf. org
> Job Title:=20
> Company:=20
> Work E-mail: rmt@ietf.org
> Work Phone:=20
> Work Fax:=20
> Work Address Line 1:=20
> Work Address Line 2:=20
> Work City, State, Zip:=20
> Mobile Phone:=20
>=20
> Home E-mail:=20
> Home Phone:=20
> Home Fax:=20
> Home Address Line 1:=20
> Home Address Line 2:=20
> Home City, State, Zip:=20
> Birthday:=20
>=20
>=20
> P.S. I've included my Plaxo card below so that you have my=20
> current information.  I've also attached a copy as a vCard.
>=20
>  +-----------------
>  | Michael Luby
>  | luby@digitalfountain.com
>  | CTO
>  |=20
>  | Digital Fountain
>  | 39141 Civic Center Drive
>  | Suite 300
>  | Fremont, CA  94538
>  | work: (510) 284-1436
>  | fax: (510) 284-1499
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> --_-------=3D=3D308926981--
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> Message: 2
> Date: 3 Nov 2003 08:43:49 -0000
> From: "Michael Luby" <luby@digitalfountain.com>
> To: "Rmt@Lbl. Gov" <rmt@lbl.gov>
> Reply-to: "Plaxo Contact Update for Michael Luby"=20
> <addrupdate-12885089135-11914438-1348087140-1S@mx.plaxo.com>
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> Please take a moment to reply to this email and make changes to your
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>   3. Send the reply message
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> If everything looks correct, just reply with `no changes'
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> ------
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>  +-----------------
>  | Michael Luby
>  | luby@digitalfountain.com
>  | CTO
>  |=20
>  | Digital Fountain
>  | 39141 Civic Center Drive
>  | Suite 300
>  | Fremont, CA  94538
>  | work: (510) 284-1436
>  | fax: (510) 284-1499
>  | web: http://www.digitalfountain.com
>  +-------------------------------------
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Subject: [Rmt] FLUTE source blocking update
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Hi All

Since draft-ietf-rmt-flute-02.txt last call a few typos have been =
corrected and clarifications made (some appeared in =
draft-ietf-rmt-flute-03.txt). The most important clarification (and only =
large one) is related to how to communicate the source blocking =
algorithm between sender and receiver. The need for this wasn't obvious =
until we did some interop on our implementations, so we're a little =
ahead of the game for an Experimental RFC. Since publishing the ID as 04 =
is not possible for a few days I'm pasting the relevant sections below =
in their (currently) final form to prewarn everyone before RMT next =
Tuesday.

The principle difference from -02 is that the algorithm is now specified =
(instead of a few details left hanging).

The principle difference from -03 is that the algorithm is different and =
has it's own section so is referred to from FEC ID 129 as well as 0, 128 =
and 130. -03 just let the last source block of a file be shorter than =
the previous ones, the new algorithm balances source block to all be as =
close to the same size as possible (and the wording is tightened up).

Comments and questions are always welcome!

Cheers, Rod.

---8<---

5.1.2 FEC Encoding ID specific formats for EXT_FTI

5.1.2.1 FEC Encoding IDs 0, 128, and 130

   FEC Encoding ID 0 is 'Compact No-Code FEC' (Fully-Specified) [8]. FEC
   Encoding ID 128 is 'Small Block, Large Block and Expandable FEC'
   (Under-Specified) [5]. FEC Encoding ID 130 is 'Compact FEC'
   (Under-Specified) [8]. For these FEC Encoding IDs, the FEC Encoding
   ID specific format of EXT_FTI is defined as follows.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      General EXT_FTI format       |    Encoding Symbol Length     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                  Maximum Source Block Length                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Encoding Symbol Length, 16 bits:

   Length of encoding symbol in bytes.

   All encoding symbols of a file MUST be equal to this length, with the
   optional exception of the last source symbol of the last source block
   (so that redundant padding is not mandatory in this last symbol).
   This last source symbol MUST be logically padded out with zeroes when
   another encoding symbol is computed based on this source symbol to
   ensure the same interpretation of this encoding symbol value by the
   sender and receiver). However, this padding need not be actually sent
   with the data of the last source symbol.

   Maximum Source Block Length, 32 bits

   The maximum number of source symbols per source block.

   This EXT_FTI specification requires that an algorithm is known to
   both sender and receivers for determining the size of all source
   blocks within the file identified by the TOI (or within the FDT
   Instance identified by the TOI and the FDT Instance ID). The
   algorithm SHOULD be the same for all files using the same FEC
   Encoding ID within a session.

   Section 5.1.2.3 describes an algorithm that is RECOMMENDED for this
   use.

   For the FEC Encoding IDs 0, 128 and 130, this algorithm is the only
   well known way the receiver can determine the length of each source
   block. Thus, the algorithm does two things: (a) it tells the receiver
   the length of each particular source block as it is receiving packets
   for that source block - this is essential to all of these FEC
   schemes; and, (b) it provides the source block structure immediately
   to the receiver so that the receiver can determine where to save
   recovered source blocks at the beginning - this is an optimization
   which is essential for some implementations.

5.1.2.2 FEC Encoding ID 129

   Small Block Systematic FEC (Under-Specified). The FEC Encoding ID
   specific format of EXT_FTI is defined as follows.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      General EXT_FTI format       |  Maximum Source Block Length  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Max. Num. of Encoding Symbols |   Encoding Symbol Length      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Maximum Source Block Length, 16 bits:

   The maximum number of source symbols per source block.

   Maximum Number of Encoding Symbols, 16 bits:

   Maximum number of encoding symbols that can be generated for a source
   block.

   Encoding Symbol Length, 16 bits:

   Length of encoding symbol in bytes.

   All encoding symbols of a file MUST be equal to this length, with the
   optional exception of the last source symbol of the last source block
   (so that redundant padding is not mandatory in this last symbol).
   This last source symbol MUST be logically padded out with zeroes when
   another encoding symbol is computed based on this source symbol to
   ensure the same interpretation of this encoding symbol value by the
   sender and receiver). However, this padding need not be actually sent
   with the data of the last source symbol.

   This EXT_FTI specification requires that an algorithm is known to
   both sender and receivers for determining the size of all source
   blocks within the file identified by the TOI (or within the FDT

   Instance identified by the TOI and the FDT Instance ID). The
   algorithm SHOULD be the same for all files using the same FEC
   Encoding ID within a session.

   Section 5.1.2.3 describes an algorithm that is RECOMMENDED for this
   use. For FEC Encoding ID 129 the FEC Payload ID in each data packet
   already contains the source block length for the source block
   corresponding to the encoding symbol carried in the data packet.
   Thus, the algorithm for computing source blocks for FEC Encoding ID
   129 could be to just use the source block lengths carried in data
   packets within the FEC Payload ID.  However, it is still useful to
   use the algorithm described in Section 5.1.2.3 for implementations
   when it is useful for the receiver to compute the source block
   structure at the beginning of the reception of data packets for the
   file. If the algorithm described in Section 5.1.2.3 is used then it
   MUST be the case that the source block lengths that appear in data
   packets agree with the source block lengths calculated by the
   algorithm.

5.1.2.3 Algorithm for Computing Source Block Structure

   This algorithm computes a source block structure so that all source
   blocks are as close to being equal length as possible. A first number
   of source blocks are of the same larger length, and the remaining
   second number of source blocks are sent of the same smaller length.
   The total number of source blocks (N), the first number of source
   blocks (I), the second number of source blocks (N-I), the larger
   length (A_large) and the smaller length (A_small) are calculated
   thus,

      Inputs:
         B -- Maximum Source Block length, i.e., the maximum number of
              source symbols per source block
         F -- File length in bytes
         E -- Encoding Symbol Length in bytes

      Output:
         N -- The number of source blocks the file is partitioned into
              the number and lengths of source symbols in each of the N
              source blocks

      Algorithm:
      (a) The number of source symbols in the file is computed as
          T =3D F/E rounded up to the nearest integer.
      (b) The file is partitioned into N source blocks, where N =3D T/B
          rounded up to the nearest integer
      (c) The average length of a source block, A =3D T/N
          (this may be non-integer)
      (d) A_large =3D A rounded up to the nearest integer
          (it will always be the case that the value of A_large is at
          most B)
      (e) A_small =3D A rounded down to the nearest integer
          (if A is an integer A_small =3D A_large,
          and otherwise A_small =3D A_large - 1)
      (f) The fractional part of A, A_fraction =3D A - A_small
      (g) I =3D A_fraction * N
          (I is an integer between 0 and N-1)
      (h) Each of the first I source blocks consists of A_large source
          symbols, each source symbol is E bytes in length. Each of the
          remaining N-I source blocks consist of A_small source symbols,
          each source symbol is E bytes in length except that the last
          source symbol of the last source block is F-(((F-1)/E) rounded
          down to the nearest integer)*E bytes in length.



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Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2003 17:45:44 -0800
From: Lorenzo Vicisano <lorenzo@cisco.com>
To: rmt@ietf.org
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Subject: [Rmt] WG last-call for NORM drafts
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Please be advised that starting today Nov 5, 2003, the following
RMT drafts are in WG last-call:

draft-ietf-rmt-bb-norm-07.txt
draft-ietf-rmt-pi-norm-08.txt

You are invited to reply to this email with your feedback by
November 20th. You can also comment in person at the upcoming IETF
RMT meeting.

	thank you,
	the chairs

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu Nov  6 02:46:23 2003
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Date: Thu, 06 Nov 2003 07:44:45 +0000
Subject: Re: [Rmt] WG last-call for NORM drafts
To: lorenzo@cisco.com
Cc: rmt@ietf.org
From: Andrew Marlow <apm35@student.open.ac.uk>
References: <20031105174544.G21719@cisco.com>
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lorenzo@cisco.com writes:
>Please be advised that starting today Nov 5, 2003, the following
>RMT drafts are in WG last-call:
>
>draft-ietf-rmt-bb-norm-07.txt
>draft-ietf-rmt-pi-norm-08.txt
>
>You are invited to reply to this email with your feedback by
>November 20th. 

Full URLs would be nice (I'm lazy...)

Regards,

Andrew Marlow
----
There is an emerald here the size of a plover's egg!



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Thread-Topic: Submission of draft-ietf-rmt-flute-04
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To: <rmt@ietf.org>, <lorenzo@cisco.com>
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Subject: [Rmt] Submission of draft-ietf-rmt-flute-04
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This is retransmission of this email. I got error message when trying to =
send this first time.=20
I apologize, if you receive two copies of this message.

---

Hi All

I have just submitted the revision 04 of FLUTE specification to the =
Internet-Drafts queue.=20
Our chairman Lorenzo asked me to post the draft also on the RMT WG =
mailing list as soon=20
I have it ready, so here we go; please find attached a copy of =
'draft-ietf-rmt-flute-04'.=20

Regards,
 Toni

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue Nov 11 18:13:20 2003
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Message-ID: <3FB16C9F.80309@motorola.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2003 10:11:27 +1100
From: Roger Kermode <Roger.Kermode@motorola.com>
Organization: Motorola
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just testing I seem to have been missing some emials,

Roger

-- 
Roger Kermode, Ph.D.
Distinguished Member of the Technical Staff, and Manager
Sydney Networks Research Lab               Office: +61-2-9666-0558
Motorola Australia Research Centre         Mobile: +61-408-212-284
Mail Address:   Locked Bag 5028, Botany NSW, 1455, Australia
Street Address: 12 Lord St, Botany NSW, 2019, Australia



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Date: Thu, 13 Nov 2003 13:41:59 +0200
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Thread-Topic: draft-ietf-rmt-flute-05 (and change history FLUTE 04 -> 05)
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Subject: [Rmt] draft-ietf-rmt-flute-05 (and change history FLUTE 04 -> 05)
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Hi All,

Please find attached FLUTE 05 which I will soon submit to =
Internet-Drafts queue.
The draft addresses all of the concerns raised in the RMT WG session in =
Minneapolis.

Changes from FLUTE 04 -> 05:
----------------------------

1) In the chapter 'Introduction' there is now=20
   a new paragraph 'Statement of Intent'

2) Added new section '1.1 Applicability Statement'

3) Clarification on sending the FDT instances;
   added new last paragraph in the end of section 3.3

4) Further clarification on channels and congestion control;
   added new last paragraph in the end of chapter 4.

5) Complete revision and extension of chapter=20
   '7. Security considerations'

6) Added new chapter '8. IANA Considerations'

7) Added Informative references to ASM and SSM=20

If you agree, it would be great to have working group last call on=20
the draft immediately to move it to an Experimental RFC.

Regards,
  Toni


PS.=20
The full MS Word document that tracks changes 04 -> 05 is also available =
from me upon
request. I did not want to congest your email boxes by broadcasting it =
to RMT WG.

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Thread-Topic: Responses to the FLUTE discussion in RMT WG meeting in Minneapolis
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Subject: [Rmt] Responses to the FLUTE discussion in RMT WG meeting in Minneapolis
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Hi All,

Thanks to everyone involved in the FLUTE discussion in the RMT working
group.  This email is meant to detail and address all of the concerns =
raised
in the RMT wg meeting.=20

Right after this email, I will send the revised -05 version of the FLUTE
draft based on addressing all of these concerns.  It would be great to =
have
working group last call on the draft immediately to move it to an
Experimental RFC.=20

The issues raised fall into these areas:

(1) Congestion control and layering: are we confident that FLUTE can =
handle
multiple layers and congestion control without any additional =
implications
specific to FLUTE?

(2) Interoperability tests did not test multiple layers of congestion
control -- is this a place where FLUTE might have issues beyond those of
ALC?

(3) Security concerns: Have we analyzed the additional security
consideration that FLUTE introduces above ALC: FDT attacks?

(4) Does FLUTE address all of the issues outlined in the Building Block =
and
Protocol Instantiation Design RFC?

(5) Is there any time urgency for pushing FLUTE to Experimental RFC?

Lastly, I would like to thank all of you who participated resolving the=20
set of issues raised, an especially acknowledge the hard work and=20
contributions from Mike and Rod.

Regards,
  Toni

-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---

Responses to the above concerns are below

(1) Congestion control and layering: are we confident that FLUTE can =
handle
multiple layers and congestion control without any additional =
implications
specific to FLUTE?

Yes, since FLUTE is built on ALC and ALC handles multilayering, by
inheritance FLUTE does as well.  The only place where multilayering =
might be
different in FLUTE is that it makes a distinction between two types of =
data
delivered to receivers: FTDs and files. The reason this distinction is
important in FLUTE is because the receiver needs to receive FTDs in =
order to
understand how to receive files, and thus in this sense FTDs are of =
higher
importance to receive than files.  Text has been added at the end of =
Section
3.3 of the attached FLUTE draft to explain this issue, and it is =
recommended
to send FDT Instances frequently enough so that the file description can =
be=20
recovered at least as reliably as the file it describes, and it also =
recommends=20
the use of non-trivial FEC codes for FTD Instance delivery if the FTD =
Instance is
generally longer than one encoding symbol in length so that receivers =
will be able to
recover the FTD Instances at least as reliably as the files they =
describe.

(2) Interoperability tests did not test multiple layers of congestion
control -- is this a place where FLUTE might have issues beyond those of
ALC?

With regards to the interoperability tests done so far with FLUTE, these
interoperability tests were primarily targeted at testing the FLUTE
functionality added onto ALC and not the basic ALC functionality.  There =
has
been a lot of experience with ALC deployment by Mike (Digital Fountain), =
using
multilayering and congestion control (WEBRC) in commercial environments, =
and
these deployments have been quite successful and have led to feedback =
that
informed the WEBRC building block but did not affect ALC (or FLUTE).  =
The
only place where multilayering might have an impact specific to FLUTE is
again with respect to delivery of FDT Intances.  Text has been added to =
the
end of Section 4 to discuss this issue and provide recommendations. In
summary, the FDT Instance packets should not be concentrated on the =
higher
layers because lower rate receivers won't receive them, and a =
non-trivial
FEC Encoding ID should be used to deliver FDT Instance packets if FDTs =
are
generally longer than one encoding symbol in length and if FDT Instance
packets are sent to more than just the bottom layer.

(3) Security concerns: Have we analyzed the additional security
consideration that FLUTE introduces above ALC: FDT attacks?

The security section in the attached revised FLUTE draft has been =
rewritten
into the style of the ALC security section (which has already been =
approved
as an Experimental RFC).  Furthermore, the additional FLUTE =
vulnerabilities
of forging FDT Instance packets and the possible consequences of this
has been called out and countermeasures for how to prevent such attacks =
has=20
been recommended.  It is not a good idea to require any of these =
security=20
measures, because which ones are applicable depend on the deployment=20
environment of the application (from a closed system with security =
measures=20
already in place to a completely vulnerable open Internet deployment), =
and=20
much of the security work is still ongoing for multicast in the MSEC =
working=20
group.  Thus, FLUTE follows the same style as ALC.

(4) Does FLUTE address all of the issues outlined in the Building Block =
and
Protocol Instantiation Design RFC?

Although FLUTE is not literally a protocol instantiation (it is more =
like an
application that uses a protocol instantiation), it was noted that FLUTE =
-04
did not describe the application space for FLUTE.  Thus, Sections 1.1 =
has
been added in the attached revision of FLUTE to provide an Applicability
statement.

(5) Is there any time urgency for pushing FLUTE to Experimental RFC?

Other standard bodies such as 3GPP and DVB are making decisions now and =
are
looking to the IETF for available, or soon to be available =
specifications=20
for a unidirection file delivery standard, and if FLUTE is not made into =

an Experimental RFC almost immediately these other standards bodies will =

settle on in some cases much less technically appropriate (not designed =
for=20
file delivery) but already standardized solutions and in other cases on=20
ad hoc solutions very weak technically. =20

It should be noted that in no case would widespread deployment happen=20
immediately -- there would be a long period of experimentation before=20
widespread deployment -- and during this experimental period=20
(of perhaps two-three years) more experience would be gained with the=20
FLUTE Experimental RFC and it would become a Proposed Standard before=20
widespread deployment.  The same statement of intent to move this to a=20
Proposed Standard as appears in ALC (and has been agreed upon for all=20
RFCs in the RMT wg) has been added to the end of the introduction to=20
state this intent.


_______________________________________________
Rmt mailing list
Rmt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rmt



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Thread-Topic: Two trivial changes to yesterday's FLUTE 05 spec.
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Subject: [Rmt] Two trivial changes to yesterday's FLUTE 05 spec.
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Dear RMT folks,

I got two last minute comments directly after sending FLUTE -05 out.
I think both comments are valid and make FLUTE even more usable.

(1.) The version of FLUTE should be signalled in EXT_FDT to enable=20
     forward extensibility some day. The field enables receivers
     quickly and with low resource consumption to determine whether=20
     it can or cannot understand the protocol version.

(2.) The FLUTE specification should allow use of optional compression
     for the FDT Instance Payload. The compression should be a new
     optional header extension that may be applied to FDT Instances.=20

Implementing the changes is very straightforward.
The changes needed are:

-----------
Change (1.)
-----------

Old text:
"
3.4.1 Format of FDT Instance Header

   FDT Instance Header (EXT_FDT) is a new fixed length, ALC PI specific
   LCT header extension [4]. The Header Extension Type (HET) for the
   extension is 192. Its format is defined below:


    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   HET =3D 192   |              FDT Instance ID                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   FDT Instance ID, 24 bits:

   For each file delivery session the numbering of FDT Instances starts
   from '0' and is incremented by exactly one for each subsequent FDT
   Instance. After reaching the maximum value (2^24-1), the numbering
   starts again from '0'. When wraparound from 2^24-1 to 0 occurs, 0 is
   considered higher than 2^24-1. Receiver handling of wraparound and
   other special situations (for example, missing FDT Instance IDs
   resulting in longer increments than one) is left out of this
   specification to individual implementations of FLUTE.
"


New text:
"
3.4.1 Format of FDT Instance Header

   FDT Instance Header (EXT_FDT) is a new fixed length, ALC PI specific
   LCT header extension [4]. The Header Extension Type (HET) for the
   extension is 192. Its format is defined below:


    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   HET =3D 192   | V |            FDT Instance ID                |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  =20
   Version of FLUTE, 2 bits:
  =20
   This document specifies FLUTE version 1. Hence in any ALC packet=20
   that belongs to the file delivery session as specified in this =
specification=20
   MUST set this field to '0'.

   FDT Instance ID, 22 bits:

   For each file delivery session the numbering of FDT Instances starts
   from '0' and is incremented by exactly one for each subsequent FDT
   Instance. After reaching the maximum value (2^22-1), the numbering
   starts again from '0'. When wraparound from 2^22-1 to 0 occurs, 0 is
   considered higher than 2^22-1. Receiver handling of wraparound and
   other special situations (for example, missing FDT Instance IDs
   resulting in longer increments than one) is left out of this
   specification to individual implementations of FLUTE.
"


-----------
Change (2.)
-----------

New section 3.4.3:

"
3.4.3 Compression of FTD Instances

   The FDT Instance payload MAY be compressed. This specification =
defines
   FDT Instance Compression Header (EXT_COMP). EXT_COMP is a new fixed =
length,=20
   ALC PI specific LCT header extension [4]. The Header Extension Type =
(HET)=20
   for the extension is 193. If the FDT Instance payload is compressed,=20
   the EXT_COMP MUST be used to signal the compression type.=20
   In that case, EXT_COMP header extension MUST be used in all ALC =
packets=20
   carrying the same FDT Instance ID. Within a file delivery session, =
both=20
   uncompressed and compressed FDT Instances MAY appear. If compression =
is not=20
   used for a given FDT Instance, the EXT_COMP MUST NOT be used in any =
packet=20
   carrying the FDT Instance ID. The format of EXT_COMP is defined =
below:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   HET =3D 193   |     Comp      |        Reserved               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  =20
   Compression algoritm (Comp), 8 bits:
  =20
   This field signals the compression algrorithm used in the FDT =
Instance=20
   payload. The definition of this field is outside the scope of this=20
   specification. Applicable compression algorithms include, for =
example,
   Zlib [Ref RFC 1950], DEFLATE [Ref RFC 1951] and Gzip [Ref RFC 1952].
  =20
   Reserved, 16 bits:

   This field MUST be set to all '0'.
"

In addition, I will add three Informational References (RFC-1950, =
RFC-1951 and RFC-1952).

Fortunately I did not submit FLUTE 05 to I-D queue yesterday.
Thus, will implement the changes above to the draft I sent
on the RMT mailing list yesterday. Consequently, I will submit=20
updated FLUTE 05.

If you agree, it would be great to have working group last call on=20
the draft immediately to move it to an Experimental RFC.


Best Regards,
  Toni

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Subject: Updated FLUTE 06 (Was: [Rmt] Two trivial changes to yesterday's FLUTE 05 spec.)
Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2003 11:56:42 +0200
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Dear RMT folks,

One of the FLUTE authors (Rami Lehtonen) found four minor issues with =
FLUTE 05.

-Version number to be changed to 4 bits (as used usually, for example in =
ALC)
-Version number scheme to be changed. For FLUTE version 1 the field will =
use value '1' instead of '0'.
-The FLUTE 05 had a typo in in chapter 3.4.3. In the figure, the field =
"FDT instance ID"=20
 should be replaced with "reserved" text
-Explicitely state that when EXT_COMP header is used, it is used =
together with a proper FDT instance header.
 (Actually, this was implicit in the document. However, making it =
explicit makes text specification clearer=3D

I took time and typed the final adjustements in; please find document =
FLUTE 06 attached.=20
I will now proceed to submit the draft to I-D queue.

After that I certainly feel that FLUTE 06 is ready for WGLC.=20


Best Regards,
 Toni

> -----Original Message-----
> From: rmt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:rmt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of ext
> toni.paila@nokia.com
> Sent: 13 November, 2003 22:47
> To: rmt@ietf.org
> Subject: [Rmt] Two trivial changes to yesterday's FLUTE 05 spec.
>=20
>=20
> Dear RMT folks,
>=20
> I got two last minute comments directly after sending FLUTE -05 out.
> I think both comments are valid and make FLUTE even more usable.
>=20
> (1.) The version of FLUTE should be signalled in EXT_FDT to enable=20
>      forward extensibility some day. The field enables receivers
>      quickly and with low resource consumption to determine whether=20
>      it can or cannot understand the protocol version.
>=20
> (2.) The FLUTE specification should allow use of optional compression
>      for the FDT Instance Payload. The compression should be a new
>      optional header extension that may be applied to FDT Instances.=20
>=20
> Implementing the changes is very straightforward.
> The changes needed are:
>=20
> -----------
> Change (1.)
> -----------
>=20
> Old text:
> "
> 3.4.1 Format of FDT Instance Header
>=20
>    FDT Instance Header (EXT_FDT) is a new fixed length, ALC=20
> PI specific
>    LCT header extension [4]. The Header Extension Type (HET) for the
>    extension is 192. Its format is defined below:
>=20
>=20
>     0                   1                   2                   3
>     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
>    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
>    |   HET =3D 192   |              FDT Instance ID                  |
>    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
>=20
>=20
>    FDT Instance ID, 24 bits:
>=20
>    For each file delivery session the numbering of FDT=20
> Instances starts
>    from '0' and is incremented by exactly one for each subsequent FDT
>    Instance. After reaching the maximum value (2^24-1), the numbering
>    starts again from '0'. When wraparound from 2^24-1 to 0=20
> occurs, 0 is
>    considered higher than 2^24-1. Receiver handling of wraparound and
>    other special situations (for example, missing FDT Instance IDs
>    resulting in longer increments than one) is left out of this
>    specification to individual implementations of FLUTE.
> "
>=20
>=20
> New text:
> "
> 3.4.1 Format of FDT Instance Header
>=20
>    FDT Instance Header (EXT_FDT) is a new fixed length, ALC=20
> PI specific
>    LCT header extension [4]. The Header Extension Type (HET) for the
>    extension is 192. Its format is defined below:
>=20
>=20
>     0                   1                   2                   3
>     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
>    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
>    |   HET =3D 192   | V |            FDT Instance ID                |
>    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
>   =20
>    Version of FLUTE, 2 bits:
>   =20
>    This document specifies FLUTE version 1. Hence in any ALC packet=20
>    that belongs to the file delivery session as specified in=20
> this specification=20
>    MUST set this field to '0'.
>=20
>    FDT Instance ID, 22 bits:
>=20
>    For each file delivery session the numbering of FDT=20
> Instances starts
>    from '0' and is incremented by exactly one for each subsequent FDT
>    Instance. After reaching the maximum value (2^22-1), the numbering
>    starts again from '0'. When wraparound from 2^22-1 to 0=20
> occurs, 0 is
>    considered higher than 2^22-1. Receiver handling of wraparound and
>    other special situations (for example, missing FDT Instance IDs
>    resulting in longer increments than one) is left out of this
>    specification to individual implementations of FLUTE.
> "
>=20
>=20
> -----------
> Change (2.)
> -----------
>=20
> New section 3.4.3:
>=20
> "
> 3.4.3 Compression of FTD Instances
>=20
>    The FDT Instance payload MAY be compressed. This=20
> specification defines
>    FDT Instance Compression Header (EXT_COMP). EXT_COMP is a=20
> new fixed length,=20
>    ALC PI specific LCT header extension [4]. The Header=20
> Extension Type (HET)=20
>    for the extension is 193. If the FDT Instance payload is=20
> compressed,=20
>    the EXT_COMP MUST be used to signal the compression type.=20
>    In that case, EXT_COMP header extension MUST be used in=20
> all ALC packets=20
>    carrying the same FDT Instance ID. Within a file delivery=20
> session, both=20
>    uncompressed and compressed FDT Instances MAY appear. If=20
> compression is not=20
>    used for a given FDT Instance, the EXT_COMP MUST NOT be=20
> used in any packet=20
>    carrying the FDT Instance ID. The format of EXT_COMP is=20
> defined below:
>=20
>     0                   1                   2                   3
>     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
>    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
>    |   HET =3D 193   |     Comp      |        Reserved               |
>    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
>   =20
>    Compression algoritm (Comp), 8 bits:
>   =20
>    This field signals the compression algrorithm used in the=20
> FDT Instance=20
>    payload. The definition of this field is outside the scope of this=20
>    specification. Applicable compression algorithms include,=20
> for example,
>    Zlib [Ref RFC 1950], DEFLATE [Ref RFC 1951] and Gzip [Ref=20
> RFC 1952].
>   =20
>    Reserved, 16 bits:
>=20
>    This field MUST be set to all '0'.
> "
>=20
> In addition, I will add three Informational References=20
> (RFC-1950, RFC-1951 and RFC-1952).
>=20
> Fortunately I did not submit FLUTE 05 to I-D queue yesterday.
> Thus, will implement the changes above to the draft I sent
> on the RMT mailing list yesterday. Consequently, I will submit=20
> updated FLUTE 05.
>=20
> If you agree, it would be great to have working group last call on=20
> the draft immediately to move it to an Experimental RFC.
>=20
>=20
> Best Regards,
>   Toni
>=20

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From: "Michael Luby" <luby@digitalfountain.com>
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Please find attached the -06 version of FLUTE.  This was submitted as an RMT
wg ID this past Friday and should appear very soon in the list of IDs
available off the IETF webpage.  I'm sending this out so that people can get
a chance to see it if they want before that time.
--Mike


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RMT                                                             T. Paila
Internet-Draft                                                     Nokia
Expires: May 14, 2004                                            M. Luby
                                                        Digital Fountain
                                                             R. Lehtonen
                                                             TeliaSonera
                                                                 V. Roca
                                                       INRIA Rhone-Alpes
                                                                R. Walsh
                                                                   Nokia
                                                       November 14, 2003


          FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport
                      draft-ietf-rmt-flute-06.txt

Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other
   groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://
   www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This Internet-Draft will expire on May 14, 2004.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

   This document defines FLUTE, a protocol for the unidirectional
   delivery of files over the Internet, which is particularly suited to
   multicast networks. The specification builds on Asynchronous Layered
   Coding, the base protocol designed for massively scalable multicast
   distribution.



Paila, et al.             Expires May 14, 2004                  [Page 1]
=0C
Internet-Draft                   FLUTE                     November 2003


Table of Contents

   1.    Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   1.1   Applicability Statement  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   1.1.1 The Target Application Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   1.1.2 The Target Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   1.1.3 Intended Environments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   1.1.4 Weaknesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   2.    Conventions used in this document  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   3.    File delivery  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   3.1   File delivery session  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   3.2   File Delivery Table  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   3.3   Dynamics of FDT Instances within file delivery session . . .  9
   3.4   Structure of FDT Instance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   3.4.1 Format of FDT Instance Header  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   3.4.2 Syntax of FDT Instance Payload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   3.4.3 Compression of FTD Instance Payload  . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   3.5   Multiplexing of files within a file delivery session . . . . 15
   4.    Channels, congestion control and timing  . . . . . . . . . . 15
   5.    Delivering FEC Object Transmission Information . . . . . . . 16
   5.1   Use of EXT_FTI for delivery of FEC Object Transmission
         Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
   5.1.1 General EXT_FTI format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
   5.1.2 FEC Encoding ID specific formats for EXT_FTI . . . . . . . . 18
   5.2   Use of FDT for delivery of FEC Object Transmission
         Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   6.    Describing file delivery sessions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   7.    Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
   8.    IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
   9.    Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
         Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
         Informative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
         Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
   A.    Receiver operation (informative) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
   B.    Example of FDT Instance Payload (informative)  . . . . . . . 29
         Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . 31















Paila, et al.             Expires May 14, 2004                  [Page 2]
=0C
Internet-Draft                   FLUTE                     November 2003


1. Introduction

   This document defines FLUTE version 1, a protocol for unidirectional
   delivery of files over the Internet. The specification builds on
   Asynchronous Layered Coding (ALC), version 1 [3], the base protocol
   designed for massively scalable multicast distribution. ALC defines
   transport of arbitrary binary objects. For file delivery applications
   mere transport of objects is not enough, however. The end systems
   need to know what do the objects actually represent. This document
   specifies a technique called FLUTE - a mechanism for signalling and
   mapping the properties of files to concepts of ALC in a way that
   allows receivers to assign those parameters for received objects.
   Consequently, throughout this document the term 'file' relates to an
   'object' as discussed in ALC. Although this specification frequently
   makes use of multicast addressing as an example, the techniques are
   similarly applicable for use with unicast addressing.

   This document defines a specific transport application of ALC, adding
   the following specifications:

   -  Definition of a file delivery session built on top of ALC,
      including transport details and timing constraints.

   -  In-band signalling of the transport parameters of the ALC session.

   -  In-band signalling of the properties of delivered files.

   -  Details associated with the multiplexing of multiple files within
      a session.

   This specification is structured as follows. Chapter 3 begins by
   defining the concept of the file delivery session. Following that it
   introduces the File Delivery Table that forms the core part of this
   specification. Further, it discusses multiplexing issues of transport
   objects within a file delivery session. Chapter 4 describes the use
   of congestion control and channels with FLUTE. Chapter 5 defines how
   the FEC Object Transmission Information is to be delivered within a
   file delivery session. Chapter 6 defines the required parameters for
   describing file delivery sessions in a general case. Chapter 7
   outlines security considerations regarding file delivery with FLUTE.
   Last, there are two informative appendixes. The first appendix gives
   an example of File Delivery Table. The second appendix describes an
   envisioned receiver operation for the receiver of the file delivery
   session.







Paila, et al.             Expires May 14, 2004                  [Page 3]
=0C
Internet-Draft                   FLUTE                     November 2003


   Statement of Intent

      This memo contains part of the definitions necessary to fully
      specify a Reliable Multicast Transport protocol in accordance with
      RFC2357.  As per RFC2357, the use of any reliable multicast
      protocol in the Internet requires an adequate congestion control
      scheme.

      While waiting for such a scheme to be available, or for an
      existing scheme to be proven adequate, the Reliable Multicast
      Transport working group (RMT) publishes this Request for Comments
      in the "Experimental" category.

      It is the intent of RMT to re-submit this specification as an IETF
      Proposed Standard as soon as the above condition is met.


1.1 Applicability Statement

1.1.1 The Target Application Space

   FLUTE is applicable to the delivery of large and small files to many
   hosts, using delivery sessions of several seconds or more. For
   instance, FLUTE could be used for the delivery of large software
   updates to many hosts simultaneously. It could also be used for
   continuous, but segmented, data such as time-lined text for
   subtitling - potentially leveraging its layering inheritance from ALC
   and LCT to scale the richness of the session to the congestion status
   of the network. It is also suitable for the basic transport of
   metadata, for example SDP files which enable user applications to
   access multimedia sessions.

1.1.2 The Target Scale

   Massive scalability is a primary design goal for FLUTE. IP multicast
   is inherently massively scalable, but the best effort service that it
   provides does not provide session management functionality,
   congestion control or reliability. FLUTE provides all of this using
   ALC and IP multicast without sacrificing any of the inherent
   scalability of IP multicast.

1.1.3 Intended Environments

   All of the environmental requirements and considerations that apply
   to the ALC building block [3] and to any additional building blocks
   that FLUTE uses also apply to FLUTE.

   FLUTE can be used with both multicast and unicast delivery, but it's



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   primary application is for unidirectional multicast delivery. FLUTE
   requires connectivity between a sender and receivers but does not
   require connectivity from receivers to a sender. FLUTE inherently
   works with all types of networks, including LANs, WANs, Intranets,
   the Internet, asymmetric networks, wireless networks, and satellite
   networks. Thus, the inherent raw scalability of FLUTE is unlimited.

   FLUTE is compatible with both IPv4 or IPv6 as no part of the packet
   is IP version specific. FLUTE works with both multicast models:
   Any-Source Multicast (ASM) [13] and the Source-Specific Multicast
   (SSM) [15].

   FLUTE is applicable for both Internet use, with a suitable congestion
   control building block, and provisioned/controlled systems, such as
   delivery over wireless broadcast radio systems.

1.1.4 Weaknesses

   Some networks are not amenable to some congestion control protocols
   that could be used with FLUTE. In particular, for a satellite or
   wireless network, there may be no mechanism for receivers to
   effectively reduce their reception rate since there may be a fixed
   transmission rate allocated to the session.

   FLUTE provides reliability using the FEC building block. This will
   reduce the error rate as seen by applications. However, FLUTE does
   not provide a method for senders to verify the reception success of
   receivers, and the specification of such a method is outside the
   scope of this document.

2. Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [2].

   The terms "object" and "transport object" are consistent with the
   definitions in ALC [3] and LCT [4]. The terms "file" and "source
   object" are pseudonyms for "object".

3. File delivery

   Asynchronous Layered Coding [3] is a protocol designed for delivery
   of arbitrary binary objects. It is especially suitable for massively
   scalable, unidirectional, multicast distribution. ALC provides the
   basic transport for FLUTE, and thus FLUTE inherits the requirements
   of ALC.




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   This specification is designed for the delivery of files. The core of
   this specification is to define how the properties of the files are
   carried in-band together with the delivered files.

   As an example, let us consider a 5200 byte file referred to by
   "www.ex.com/docs/file.txt". Using the example, the following
   properties describe the properties that need to be conveyed by the
   file delivery protocol.

   *  Location of the file, expressed as either absolute or relative
      URI. In the above example: "www.ex.com/docs/file.txt"

   *  File name (usually, this can be concluded from the URI). In the
      above example: "file.txt"

   *  File type, expressed as MIME media type (usually, this can also be
      concluded from the extension of the file name). In the above
      example: "text/plain"

   *  File size, expressed in bytes. In the above example: "5200"

   *  Content encoding of the file, within transport. In the above
      example, the file could be encoded using ZLIB [11]. In this case
      the size of the transport object carrying the file would probably
      differ from the file size.

   *  Security properties of the file such as digital signatures,
      message digestives, etc.


3.1 File delivery session

   ALC is a protocol instantiation of Layered Coding Transport building
   block (LCT) [4]. Thus ALC inherits the session concept of LCT. In
   this document we will use the concept ALC/LCT session to collectively
   denote the interchangeable terms ALC session and LCT session.

   An ALC/LCT session consists of a set of logically grouped ALC/LCT
   channels associated with a single sender sending packets with ALC/LCT
   headers for one or more objects. An ALC/LCT channel is defined by the
   combination of a sender and an address associated with the channel by
   the sender. A receiver joins a channel to start receiving the data
   packets sent to the channel by the sender, and a receiver leaves a
   channel to stop receiving data packets from the channel.

   One of the fields carried in the ALC/LCT header is the Transport
   Session Identifier (TSI). The TSI is scoped by the source IP address,
   and the (source IP address, TSI) pair uniquely identifies a session,



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   i.e., the receiver uses this pair carried in each packet to uniquely
   identify from which session the packet was received. In case multiple
   objects are carried within a session another field within the ALC/LCT
   header, the Transport Object Identifier (TOI), identifies from which
   object within the session the data in the packet was generated. Note
   that each object is associated with a unique TOI within the scope of
   a session.

   When FLUTE is used for file delivery over ALC the following rules
   apply:

   *  The ALC/LCT session is called file delivery session.

   *  The ALC/LCT concept of 'object' denotes either a 'file' or a 'File
      Delivery Table Instance' (section 3.2)

   *  The TOI field MUST be included in ALC packets sent within a FLUTE
      session, with the exception that ALC packets sent in a FLUTE
      session with the Close session (A) flag set to 1 (signaling the
      end of the session) and containing no payload MAY not include the
      TOI. See Section 5.1 of RFC 3451 [4] for the LCT definition of the
      Close session flag, and see Section 4.2 of RFC 3450 [3] for an
      example of its use within an ALC packet.

   *  The TOI value '0' is reserved for delivery of File Delivery Table
      Instances.

   *  Each file in a file delivery session MUST be associated with a TOI
      (>0) in the scope of that session.


3.2 File Delivery Table

   The File Delivery Table (FDT) provides a means to describe various
   attributes associated with files that are to be delivered within the
   file delivery session. The following lists are examples of such
   attributes, and are not intended to be mutually exclusive.

   Attributes related to the delivery of file:

   -  TOI value that represents the file

   -  FEC Instance ID

   -  FEC Object Transmission Information






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   -  Size of the transport object carrying the file

   -  Aggregate rate of sending packets to all channels

   Attributes related to the file itself:

   -  Name, Identification and Location of file (specified by the URI)

   -  MIME media type of file

   -  Size of file

   -  Encoding of file

   -  Message digest of file

   Some of these attributes MUST be included in the file description
   entry for a file, others are optional, as defined in section 3.4.2.

   Logically, the FDT is a set of file description entries for files to
   be delivered in the session. Each file description entry MUST include
   the TOI for the file that it describes and the URI indicating the
   location of the file. The TOI is included in each ALC/LCT data packet
   during the delivery of the file, and thus the TOI carried in the file
   description entry is how the receiver determines which ALC/LCT data
   packets contain information about which file. Each file description
   entry may also contain one or more descriptors that map the
   above-mentioned attributes to the file.

   Each file delivery session MUST have an FDT that is local to the
   given session. The FDT MUST provide a file description entry mapped
   to a TOI for each file appearing within the session. An object that
   is delivered within the ALC session, but not described in the FDT, is
   not considered a 'file' belonging to the file delivery session.
   Handling of these unmapped TOIs (TOIs that are not resolved by the
   FDT) is out of scope of this specification.

   Within the file delivery session the FDT is delivered as FDT
   Instances. An FDT Instance contains one or more file description
   entries of the FDT. Any FDT Instance can be equal to, a subset of, a
   superset of, or complement any other FDT Instance. A certain FDT
   Instance may be repeated several times during a session, even after
   subsequent FDT Instances (with higher FDT Instance ID numbers) have
   been transmitted. In minimum the FDT Instance contains a single file
   description entry. In maximum the FDT Instance contains the complete
   FDT of the file delivery session.

   A receiver of the file delivery session keeps an FDT database for



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   received file description entries. The receiver maintains the
   database, for example, upon reception of FDT Instances. Thus, at any
   given time the contents of the FDT database represent the receiver's
   current view of the FDT of the file delivery session. Since each
   receiver behaves independently of other receivers, it SHOULD NOT be
   assumed that the contents of the FDT database are the same for all
   the receivers of a given file delivery session.

   Since FDT database is an abstract concept, the structure and the
   maintaining of the FDT database are left to individual
   implementations and are thus out of scope of this specification.

3.3 Dynamics of FDT Instances within file delivery session

   The following rules define the dynamics of the FDT Instances within a
   file delivery session:

   *  For every file delivered within a file delivery session there MUST
      be a file description entry included in at least one FDT Instance
      sent within the session. In minimum, a file description entry
      contains the mapping to TOI and the URI.

   *  An FDT Instance MAY appear in any part of the file delivery
      session and even multiplexed with other files or other FDT
      Instances.

   *  The TOI value of '0' MUST be reserved for delivery of FDT
      Instances. The use of other TOI values for FDT Instances is
      outside the scope of this specification.

   *  FDT Instance is identified by the use of a new fixed length LCT
      Header Extension EXT_FDT (defined later in this chapter). Each FDT
      Instance is uniquely identified within the file delivery session
      by its FDT Instance ID. Any ALC/LCT packet carrying FDT Instance
      (indicated by TOI =3D 0) MUST include EXT_FDT.

   *  It is RECOMMENDED that FDT Instance that contains the file
      description entry for a file is sent prior to the sending of the
      described file within a file delivery session.

   *  Within a file delivery session, any TOI MAY be described more than
      once. An example: previous FDT Instance 0 describes TOI of value
      '3'.  Now, subsequent FDT Instances can either keep TOI '3'
      unmodified on the table, not to include it or complement the
      description. However, subsequent FDT Instances MUST NOT change the
      parameters already described for a specific TOI.





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   *  An FDT Instance is valid until its expiration time. The expiration
      time is expressed within the FDT Instance payload as a 32 bit data
      field. The value of the data field represents the 32 most
      significant bits of a 64 bit Network Time Protocol (NTP) [6] time
      value. Wrap-around of the 32 bit time is to be handled according
      to NTP.

   *  The receiver behaviour upon expiration of the FDT Instance is out
      of scope of this specification.

   *  A sender MUST use an expiry time in the future upon creation of an
      FDT Instance.

   *  Any FEC Encoding ID MAY be used for the sending of FDT Instances.
      The default is to use FEC Encoding ID 0 for the sending of FDT
      Instances. (Note that since FEC Encoding ID 0 is the default for
      FLUTE, this implies that Source Block Number and Encoding Symbol
      ID lengths both default to 16 bytes each.)

   Generally, a receiver needs to receive an FDT Instance describing a
   file before it is able to recover the file itself. In this sense FDT
   Instances are of higher priority than files. Thus, it is RECOMMENDED
   that FTD Instances describing a file be sent with at least as much
   reliability within a session (more often or with more FEC protection)
   as the files they describe. In particular, if FDT Instances are
   generally longer than one encoding symbol in length it is RECOMMENDED
   that an FEC code that can provide protection against loss be used for
   delivering FDT Instances, i.e., in this case it is RECOMMENDED not to
   use FEC Encoding ID 0. How often the description of a file is sent in
   an FDT Instance or how much FEC protection is provided for each FDT
   Instance (if the FDT Instance is longer than one encoding symbol) is
   dependent on the particular application and outside the scope of this
   document.

3.4 Structure of FDT Instance

   The FDT Instance consists of two parts: FDT Instance Header and FDT
   Instance Payload. The FDT Instance Header is a new fixed length LCT
   Header extension (EXT_FDT). It contains the FDT Instance ID that
   uniquely identifies FDT instances within a file delivery session. The
   FDT Instance Header is placed in the same way as any other LCT
   extension header. There MAY be other LCT extension headers in use.

   The LCT extension headers are followed by the FEC Payload ID, and
   finally the Encoding Symbols for the FDT Instance Payload which
   contains one or more file description entries. The FDT Instance
   Payload MAY span over several ALC packets - the number of ALC packets
   is a function of the FEC Object Transmission Information associated



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   to this FDT Instance. The FDT Instance Header is carried in each ALC
   packet carrying FDT Instance. The FDT Instance Header is identical
   for all the ALC/LCT packets carrying parts of a particular FDT
   Instance.

   The overall format of ALC/LCT packets carrying FDT Instance is
   depicted in the Figure 1 below. As defined in [3], all ALC/LCT
   packets are sent using UDP.


   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         UDP header                            |
   |                                                               |
   =
+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=
=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+=3D+
   |                Default LCT header (with TOI =3D 0)              |
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          LCT header extensions (EXT_FDT, EXT_FTI, etc.)       |
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       FEC Payload ID                          |
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Encoding Symbol(s) of FDT Instance Payload            |
   |                           ...                                 |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                    Figure 1 - Overall FDT Packet



3.4.1 Format of FDT Instance Header

   FDT Instance Header (EXT_FDT) is a new fixed length, ALC PI specific
   LCT header extension [4]. The Header Extension Type (HET) for the
   extension is 192. Its format is defined below:


    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   HET =3D 192   |   V   |          FDT Instance ID              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   Version of FLUTE (V), 4 bits:

   This document specifies FLUTE version 1. Hence in any ALC packet that



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   carries FDT Instance and that belongs to the file delivery session as
   specified in this specification MUST set this field to '1'.

   FDT Instance ID, 20 bits:

   For each file delivery session the numbering of FDT Instances starts
   from '0' and is incremented by exactly one for each subsequent FDT
   Instance. After reaching the maximum value (2^20-1), the numbering
   starts again from '0'. When wraparound from 2^20-1 to 0 occurs, 0 is
   considered higher than 2^20-1. Receiver handling of wraparound and
   other special situations (for example, missing FDT Instance IDs
   resulting in longer increments than one) is left out of this
   specification to individual implementations of FLUTE.

3.4.2 Syntax of FDT Instance Payload

   The FDT Instance Payload contains file description entries that
   provide the mapping functionality described in 3.2 above.

   The FDT Instance Payload is an XML structure that has a single root
   element "FDT-Payload". The "FDT-Payload" element MUST contain
   "Expires" attribute, which tells the expiry time of the FDT Instance
   Payload. In addition, the "FDT-Payload" element MAY contain
   "Complete" attribute (boolean), which MAY be used to signal that the
   given FDT Instance is the last FDT Instance to be expected on this
   file delivery session. For each file to be declared in the given FDT
   Instance there is a single file description entry in the FDT Instance
   Payload. Each entry is represented by element "File" which is a child
   element of the FDT Payload structure.

   The attributes of "File" element in the XML structure represent the
   attributes given to the file that is delivered in the file delivery
   session. Each "File" element MUST contain at least two attributes
   "TOI" and "Content-Location". "TOI" MUST be assigned a valid TOI
   value as described in section 3.3 above. "Content-Location" MUST be
   assigned a valid URI as defined in [7].

   In addition to mandatory attributes, the "File" entity MAY contain
   other attributes of which the following are specifically pointed out.

   *  If the MIME type of the file is described, attribute
      "Content-Type" MUST be used for the purpose as defined in [7].

   *  If the length of the file is described, attribute "Content-Length"
      MUST be used for the purpose as defined in [7]. If the length of
      the file is different than the length of the transport object that
      carries it (the file was content encoded before transport),
      another attribute "Transfer-Length" MAY be used. The attribute



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      "Transfer-Length" specifies the size of the transport object in
      bytes.

   *  If the content encoding scheme of the file is described, attribute
      "Content-Encoding" MUST be used for the purpose as defined in [7].

   *  If the MD5 message digest of the file is described, attribute
      "Content-MD5" MUST be used for the purpose as defined in [7].

   *  The FEC Object Transmission Information attributes as described in
      section 5.2.

   The following specifies the XML Schema [9][10] for FDT Instance
   Payload:


   <?xml version=3D"1.0" encoding=3D"UTF-8"?>
   <xs:schema xmlns:xs=3Dhttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
   xmlns:fl=3D"http://www.example.com/flute"
   elementFormDefault:xs=3D"qualified"
   targetNamespace:xs=3D"http://www.example.com/flute">
     <xs:element name=3D"FDT-Payload">
      <xs:complexType>
       <xs:attribute name=3D"Expires" type=3D"xs:string" =
use=3D"required"/>
       <xs:attribute name=3D"Complete" type=3D"xs:boolean" =
use=3D"optional"/>
       <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name=3D"File" maxOccurs=3D"unbounded">
         <xs:complexType>
          <xs:attribute name=3D"Content-Location"
                        type=3D"xs:anyURI" use=3D"required"/>
          <xs:attribute name=3D"TOI"
                        type=3D"xs:positiveInteger" use=3D"required"/>
          <xs:attribute name=3D"Content-Length"
                        type=3D"xs:unsignedLong" use=3D"optional"/>
          <xs:attribute name=3D"Transfer-Length"
                        type=3D"xs:unsignedLong" use=3D"optional"/>
          <xs:attribute name=3D"Content-Type"
                        type=3D"xs:string" use=3D"optional"/>
          <xs:attribute name=3D"Content-Encoding"
                        type=3D"xs:string" use=3D"optional"/>
          <xs:attribute name=3D"Content-MD5"
                        type=3D"xs:base64Binary" use=3D"optional"/>
          <xs:attribute name=3D"FEC-OTI-FEC-Instance-ID"
                        type=3D"xs:unsignedLong" use=3D"optional"/>
          <xs:attribute name=3D"FEC-OTI-Maximum-Source-Block-Length"
                        type=3D"xs:unsignedLong" use=3D"optional"/>
          <xs:attribute name=3D"FEC-OTI-Encoding-Symbol-Length"
                        type=3D"xs:unsignedLong" use=3D"optional"/>



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          <xs:attribute name=3D"FEC-OTI-Max-Number-of-Encoding-Symbols"
                        type=3D"xs:unsignedLong" use=3D"optional"/>
          <xs:anyAttribute processContents=3D"skip" />
         </xs:complexType>
        </xs:element>
       </xs:sequence>
      </xs:complexType>
     </xs:element>
   </xs:schema>

   Any XML document that conforms with the above XML Schema is a valid
   FDT. This way FDT provides extensibility to support private
   attributes within the file description entries. Those could be, for
   example, the attributes related to the delivery of the file (timing,
   packet transmission rate, etc.).

   In case the basic FDT XML Schema is extended in terms of new
   descriptors, those MUST be placed within the attributes of the
   element "File". It is RECOMMENDED that the new descriptors applied in
   the FDT are in the format of MIME fields and are either defined in
   HTTP/1.1 specification [7] or otherwise well-known specification.

3.4.3 Compression of FTD Instance Payload

   The FDT Instance Payload MAY be compressed. This specification
   defines FDT Instance Compression Header (EXT_COMP). EXT_COMP is a new
   fixed length, ALC PI specific LCT header extension [4]. The Header
   Extension Type (HET) for the extension is 193. If the FDT Instance
   Payload is compressed, the EXT_COMP MUST be used to signal the
   compression type. In that case, EXT_COMP header extension MUST be
   used in all ALC packets carrying the same FDT Instance ID.
   Consequently, when EXT_COMP header is used, it MUST be used together
   with a proper FDT Instance Header (EXT_FDT). Within a file delivery
   session, both uncompressed and compressed FDT Instances MAY appear.
   If compression is not used for a given FDT Instance, the EXT_COMP
   MUST NOT be used in any packet carrying the FDT Instance. The format
   of EXT_COMP is defined below:


    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   HET =3D 193   |     Comp      |          Reserved             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   Compression algoritm (Comp), 8 bits:




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   This field signals the compression algrorithm used in the FDT
   Instance payload. The definition of this field is outside the scope
   of this specification. Applicable compression algorithms include, for
   example, ZLIB [11], DEFLATE [16] and GZIP [17].

   Reserved, 16 bits:

   This field MUST be set to all '0'.

3.5 Multiplexing of files within a file delivery session

   The delivered files are carried as transport objects (identified with
   TOIs) in the file delivery session. All these objects, including the
   FDT Instances, MAY be multiplexed in any order and in parallel with
   each other.

   Especially multiple FDT Instances MAY be delivered during the session
   in a particular TOI. In this case, it is RECOMMENDED that the sending
   of a previous FDT Instance SHOULD end before the sending of the next
   FDT Instance starts. However, due to unexpected network conditions
   the FDT Instances MAY be multiplexed packetwise. In that case, the
   FDT Instances are uniquely identified by their FDT Instance ID
   carried in the EXT_FDT headers.

4. Channels, congestion control and timing

   ALC/LCT has a concept of channels and congestion control. There are
   four scenarios FLUTE is envisioned to be applied.

   (a) Use a single channel and a single-rate congestion control
      protocol.

   (b) Use multiple channels and a multiple-rate congestion control
      protocol. In this case the FDT Instances MAY be delivered on more
      than one channel.

   (c) Use a single channel without congestion control supplied by ALC,
      but only when in a controlled network environment where flow/
      congestion control is being provided by other means.

   (d) Use multiple channels without congestion control supplied by ALC,
      but only when in a controlled network environment where flow/
      congestion control is being provided by other means. In this case
      the FDT Instances MAY be delivered on more than one channel.

   When using just one channel for a file delivery session, as in (a)
   and (c), the notion of 'prior' and 'after' are intuitively defined
   for the delivery of objects with respect to their delivery times.



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   However, if multiple channels are used, as in (b) and (d), it is not
   straightforward to state that an object was delivered 'prior' to the
   other. An object may begin to be delivered on one or more of those
   channels before the delivery of a second object begins. However, the
   use of multiple channels/layers may complete the delivery of the
   second object before the first. This is not a problem when objects
   are delivered sequentially using a single channel. Thus, if the
   application of FLUTE has a mandatory or critical requirement that the
   first transport object must complete 'prior' to the second one, it is
   RECOMMENDED that only a single channel is used for the file delivery
   session.

   Furthermore, if multiple channels are used then a receiver joined to
   the session at a low reception rate will only be joined to the lower
   layers of the session. Thus, since FDTs are of higher priority to
   receive than files (because the reception of files depends on the
   reception of an FDT Instance describing it), the following is
   RECOMMENDED:

   1. The layers to which packets for FDT Instances are sent SHOULD NOT
      be biased towards those layers to which lower rate receivers are
      not joined. For example, it is ok to put all the packets for an
      FDT instance into the lowest layer (if this layer carries enough
      packets to deliver the FDT to higher rate receivers in a
      reasonable amount of time), but it is not ok to put all the
      packets for an FDT instance into the higher layers that only high
      rate receivers will receive.

   2. If FDT Instances are generally longer than one encoding symbol in
      length and some packets for FDT Instances are sent to layers that
      lower rate receivers do not receive, an FEC Encoding other than
      FEC Encoding ID 0 SHOULD be used to deliver FDT Instances.  This
      is because in this case, even when there is no packet loss in the
      network, a lower rate receiver will not receive all packets sent
      for an FDT Instance.


5. Delivering FEC Object Transmission Information

   FLUTE inherits the use of FEC building block [5] from ALC. When using
   FLUTE for file delivery over ALC the FEC Object Transmission
   Information MUST be delivered in-band within the file delivery
   session. In this chapter, two methods are specified for FLUTE for
   this purpose: the use of ALC specific LCT extension header EXT_FTI
   [3], and, the use of FDT.

   The receiver of file delivery session MUST support delivery of FEC
   Object Transmission Information using the EXT_FTI for the FDT



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   Instances carried using TOI value 0. For the TOI values other than 0
   the receiver MUST support both methods: the use of EXT_FTI and the
   use of FDT.

   The FEC Object Transmission Information that needs to be delivered to
   receivers MUST be exactly the same whether it is delivered using
   EXT_FTI or using FDT (or both). Section 5.1 describes the required
   FEC Object Transmission Information that MUST be delivered to
   receivers for various FEC Encoding IDs. In addition, it describes the
   delivery using EXT_FTI. Section 5.2 describes the delivery using FDT.
   Delivery of FEC Object Transmission Information using out-of-band
   signaling is outside the scope of this specification.

   The FEC Object Transmission Information regarding a given TOI may be
   available from several sources. In this case, it is RECOMMENDED that
   the receiver of the file delivery session prioritizes the sources in
   the following way (in the order of decreasing priority).

   1. FEC Object Transmission Information that is available in EXT_FTI.

   2. FEC Object Transmission Information that is available in the FDT.

   3. FEC Object Transmission Information that is available out of band.


5.1 Use of EXT_FTI for delivery of FEC Object Transmission Information

   As specified in [3], the EXT_FTI header extension is intended to
   carry in band the FEC Object Transmission Information for an object.
   It is left up to individual implementations to decide how frequently
   and in which ALC packets the EXT_FTI header extension is included. In
   environments with higher packet loss rate, the EXT_FTI might need to
   be included more frequently in ALC packets than in environments with
   low error probability. The EXT_FTI MUST be included in at least one
   sent ALC packet belonging to TOI 0.

   The ALC specification does not define the format or the processing of
   the EXT_FTI header extension. The following sections specify EXT_FTI
   when used in FLUTE.

   In FLUTE, the FEC Encoding ID (8 bits) is carried in the Codepoint
   field of the ALC/LCT header.

5.1.1 General EXT_FTI format

   The general EXT_FTI format specifies the structure and those
   attributes of FEC Object Transmission Information that are applicable
   to any FEC Encoding ID.



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    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   HET =3D 64    |     HEL       |                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               +
   |                       Transfer Length                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   FEC Instance ID             | FEC Enc. ID Specific Format   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Header Extension Type (HET), 8 bits:

   64 as defined in [3]

   Header Extension Length (HEL), 8 bits:

   The length of the whole Header Extension field, expressed in
   multiples of 32-bit words. This length includes the FEC Encoding ID
   specific format part.

   Transfer Length, 48 bits:

   The length of the transport object that carries the file in bytes.
   (This is the same as the file length if the file is not content
   encoded.)

   FEC Instance ID, optional, 16 bits:

   This field is used for FEC Instance ID. It is only present if the
   value of FEC Encoding ID is in the range of 128-255. When the value
   of FEC Encoding ID is in the range of 0-127, this field is set to 0.

   FEC Encoding ID Specific Format:

   Different FEC encoding schemes will need different sets of encoding
   parameters. Thus, the structure and length of this field depends on
   FEC Encoding ID. The next sections specify structure of this field
   for FEC Encoding ID numbers 0, 128, 129 and 130.

5.1.2 FEC Encoding ID specific formats for EXT_FTI

5.1.2.1 FEC Encoding IDs 0, 128, and 130

   FEC Encoding ID 0 is 'Compact No-Code FEC' (Fully-Specified) [8]. FEC
   Encoding ID 128 is 'Small Block, Large Block and Expandable FEC'
   (Under-Specified) [5]. FEC Encoding ID 130 is 'Compact FEC'
   (Under-Specified) [8]. For these FEC Encoding IDs, the FEC Encoding
   ID specific format of EXT_FTI is defined as follows.



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    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      General EXT_FTI format       |    Encoding Symbol Length     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                  Maximum Source Block Length                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Encoding Symbol Length, 16 bits:

   Length of encoding symbol in bytes.

   All encoding symbols of a transport object MUST be equal to this
   length, with the optional exception of the last source symbol of the
   last source block (so that redundant padding is not mandatory in this
   last symbol). This last source symbol MUST be logically padded out
   with zeroes when another encoding symbol is computed based on this
   source symbol to ensure the same interpretation of this encoding
   symbol value by the sender and receiver. However, this padding need
   not be actually sent with the data of the last source symbol.

   Maximum Source Block Length, 32 bits

   The maximum number of source symbols per source block.

   This EXT_FTI specification requires that an algorithm is known to
   both sender and receivers for determining the size of all source
   blocks of the transport object that carries the file identified by
   the TOI (or within the FDT Instance identified by the TOI and the FDT
   Instance ID). The algorithm SHOULD be the same for all files using
   the same FEC Encoding ID within a session.

   Section 5.1.2.3 describes an algorithm that is RECOMMENDED for this
   use.

   For the FEC Encoding IDs 0, 128 and 130, this algorithm is the only
   well known way the receiver can determine the length of each source
   block. Thus, the algorithm does two things: (a) it tells the receiver
   the length of each particular source block as it is receiving packets
   for that source block - this is essential to all of these FEC
   schemes; and, (b) it provides the source block structure immediately
   to the receiver so that the receiver can determine where to save
   recovered source blocks at the beginning - this is an optimization
   which is essential for some implementations.

5.1.2.2 FEC Encoding ID 129

   Small Block Systematic FEC (Under-Specified). The FEC Encoding ID



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   specific format of EXT_FTI is defined as follows.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      General EXT_FTI format       |    Encoding Symbol Length     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Maximum Source Block Length  | Max. Num. of Encoding Symbols |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Encoding Symbol Length, 16 bits:

   Length of encoding symbol in bytes.

   Maximum Source Block Length, 16 bits:

   The maximum number of source symbols per source block.

   Maximum Number of Encoding Symbols, 16 bits:

   Maximum number of encoding symbols that can be generated for a source
   block.

   All encoding symbols of a transport object MUST be equal to this
   length, with the optional exception of the last source symbol of the
   last source block (so that redundant padding is not mandatory in this
   last symbol). This last source symbol MUST be logically padded out
   with zeroes when another encoding symbol is computed based on this
   source symbol to ensure the same interpretation of this encoding
   symbol value by the sender and receiver. However, this padding need
   not be actually sent with the data of the last source symbol.

   This EXT_FTI specification requires that an algorithm is known to
   both sender and receivers for determining the size of all source
   blocks of the transport object that carries the file identified by
   the TOI (or within the FDT Instance identified by the TOI and the FDT
   Instance ID). The algorithm SHOULD be the same for all files using
   the same FEC Encoding ID within a session.

   Section 5.1.2.3 describes an algorithm that is RECOMMENDED for this
   use. For FEC Encoding ID 129 the FEC Payload ID in each data packet
   already contains the source block length for the source block
   corresponding to the encoding symbol carried in the data packet.
   Thus, the algorithm for computing source blocks for FEC Encoding ID
   129 could be to just use the source block lengths carried in data
   packets within the FEC Payload ID.  However, the algorithm described
   in Section 5.1.2.3 is useful for the receiver to compute the source
   block structure at the beginning of the reception of data packets for



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   the file. If the algorithm described in Section 5.1.2.3 is used then
   it MUST be the case that the source block lengths that appear in data
   packets agree with the source block lengths calculated by the
   algorithm.

5.1.2.3 Algorithm for Computing Source Block Structure

   This algorithm computes a source block structure so that all source
   blocks are as close to being equal length as possible. A first number
   of source blocks are of the same larger length, and the remaining
   second number of source blocks are sent of the same smaller length.
   The total number of source blocks (N), the first number of source
   blocks (I), the second number of source blocks (N-I), the larger
   length (A_large) and the smaller length (A_small) are calculated
   thus,

      Inputs:
         B -- Maximum Source Block length, i.e., the maximum number of
              source symbols per source block
         L -- Transfer length in bytes
         E -- Encoding Symbol Length in bytes

      Output:
         N -- The number of source blocks into which the transport
              object is partitioned. The number and lengths of source
              symbols in each of the N source blocks.

      Algorithm:
      (a) The number of source symbols in the transport object is
          computed as T =3D L/E rounded up to the nearest integer.
      (b) The transport object is partitioned into N source blocks,
          where N =3D T/B rounded up to the nearest integer
      (c) The average length of a source block, A =3D T/N
          (this may be non-integer)
      (d) A_large =3D A rounded up to the nearest integer
          (it will always be the case that the value of A_large is at
          most B)
      (e) A_small =3D A rounded down to the nearest integer
          (if A is an integer A_small =3D A_large,
          and otherwise A_small =3D A_large - 1)
      (f) The fractional part of A, A_fraction =3D A - A_small
      (g) I =3D A_fraction * N
          (I is an integer between 0 and N-1)
      (h) Each of the first I source blocks consists of A_large source
          symbols, each source symbol is E bytes in length. Each of the
          remaining N-I source blocks consist of A_small source symbols,
          each source symbol is E bytes in length except that the last
          source symbol of the last source block is L-(((L-1)/E) rounded



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          down to the nearest integer)*E bytes in length.


5.2 Use of FDT for delivery of FEC Object Transmission Information

   The FDT delivers FEC Object Transmission Information for each file
   using an appropriate attribute within the "File" element of the FDT
   structure. For future FEC Encoding IDs, if the attributes listed
   below do not fulfil the needs of describing the FEC Object
   Transmission Information then additional new attributes MAY be used.

   *  "Transfer-Length" is semantically equivalent with the field
      "Transfer Length" of EXT_FTI.

   *  "FEC-OTI-FEC-Instance-ID" is semantically equivalent with the
      field "FEC Instance ID" of EXT_FTI.

   *  "FEC-OTI-Maximum-Source-Block-Length" is semantically equivalent
      with the field "Maximum Source Block Length" of EXT_FTI for FEC
      Encoding IDs 0, 128 and 130, and semantically equivalent with the
      field "Maximum Source Block Length" of EXT_FTI for FEC Encoding ID
      129.

   *  "FEC-OTI-Encoding-Symbol-Length" is semantically equivalent with
      the field "Encoding Symbol Length" of EXT_FTI for FEC Encoding IDs
      0, 128, 129 and 130.

   *  "FEC-OTI-Max-Number-of-Encoding-Symbols" is semantically
      equivalent with the field "Maximum Number of Encoding Symbols" of
      EXT_FTI for FEC Encoding ID 129.


6. Describing file delivery sessions

   To start receiving a file delivery session, the receiver needs to
   know transport parameters associated with the session. Interpreting
   these parameters and starting the reception therefore represents the
   entry point from which thereafter the receiver operation falls into
   the scope of this specification. According to [3], the transport
   parameters of an ALC/LCT session that the receiver needs to know are:

   *  The sender IP address;

   *  The number of channels in the session;

   *  The destination IP address and port number for each channel in the
      session;




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   *  The Transport Session Identifier (TSI) of the session;

   *  An indication of whether or not the session carries packets for
      more than one object;

   Optionally, the following parameters MAY be associated with the
   session (Note, the list is not exhaustive):

   *  The start time and end time of the session;

   *  FEC Encoding ID and FEC Instance ID when the default FEC Encoding
      ID 0 is not used for the delivery of FDT;

   *  Compression format if optional compression of FDT Instance Payload
      is used;

   *  The FEC Object Transmission Information when this information is
      neither available in the EXT_FTI nor FDT as described in section
      5.

   *  Some information that tells receiver, in the first place, that the
      session contains files that are of interest

   How the receiver acquires the above-mentioned parameters is out of
   scope of this document. The specification, in particular, does not
   mandate or exclude any mechanism. The description can be conveyed to
   the receiver via techniques such as Session Announcement Protocol
   [12], email, accessing URL, manual configuration, etc. Similarly the
   format of this session description is out of the scope of this
   document.

7. Security Considerations

   The same security consideration that apply to ALC and to the LCT, FEC
   and the congestion control building block used in conjunction with
   FLUTE also apply to FLUTE.

   Because of the use of FEC, FLUTE is especially vulnerable to
   denial-of-service attacks by attackers that try to send forged
   packets to the session which would prevent successful reconstruction
   or cause inaccurate reconstruction of large portions of the FDT or
   file by receivers.  Like ALC, FLUTE is particularly affected by such
   an attack because many receivers may receive the same forged packet.
   A malicious attacker may spoof file packets and cause incorrect
   recovery of a file.

   Even more damaging, a malicious forger may spoof FDT Instance
   packets, for example sending packets with erroneous FDT-Payload



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   fields.  Many attacks can follow this approach. For instance a
   malicious attacker may alter the Content-Location field of TOI 'n',
   to make it point to a system file or a user configuration file.
   Then, TOI 'n' can carry a Trojan horse or some other type of virus.
   It is thus RECOMMENDED that the FLUTE delivery service at the
   receiver does not have write access to the system files or
   directories, or any other critical areas. Another example is
   generating a bad Content-MD5 sum, leading receivers to reject the
   associated file that will be declared corrupted. The Content-Encoding
   can also be modified, which also prevents the receivers to correctly
   handle the associated file.  These examples show that the FDT
   information is critical to the FLUTE delivery service.

   At the application level, it is RECOMMENDED that an integrity check
   on the entire received object be done once the object is
   reconstructed to ensure it is the same as the sent object, especially
   for objects that are FDT Instances.  Moreover, in order to obtain
   strong cryptographic integrity protection a digital signature
   verifiable by the receiver SHOULD be used to provide this application
   level integrity check.  However, if even one corrupted or forged
   packet is used to reconstruct the object, it is likely that the
   received object will be reconstructed incorrectly. This will
   appropriately cause the integrity check to fail and in this case the
   inaccurately reconstructed object SHOULD be discarded. Thus, the
   acceptance of a single forged packet can be an effective denial of
   service attack for distributing objects, but an object integrity
   check at least prevents inadvertent use of inaccurately reconstructed
   objects.  The specification of an application level integrity check
   of the received object is outside the scope of this document.

   At the packet level, it is RECOMMENDED that a packet level
   authentication be used to ensure that each received packet is an
   authentic and uncorrupted packet containing FEC data for the object
   arriving from the specified sender.  Packet level authentication has
   the advantage that corrupt or forged packets can be discarded
   individually and the received authenticated packets can be used to
   accurately reconstruct the object.  Thus, the effect of a denial of
   service attack that injects forged packets is proportional only to
   the number of forged packets, and not to the object size. Although
   there is currently no IETF standard that specifies how to do
   multicast packet level authentication, TESLA [14] is a known
   multicast packet authentication scheme that would work.

   In addition to providing protection against reconstruction of
   inaccurate objects, packet level authentication can also provide some
   protection against denial of service attacks on the multiple rate
   congestion control. Attackers can try to inject forged packets with
   incorrect congestion control information into the multicast stream,



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   thereby potentially adversely affecting network elements and
   receivers downstream of the attack, and much less significantly the
   rest of the network and other receivers.  Thus, it is also
   RECOMMENDED that packet level authentication be used to protect
   against such attacks.  TESLA [14] can also be used to some extent to
   limit the damage caused by such attacks.  However, with TESLA a
   receiver can only determine if a packet is authentic several seconds
   after it is received, and thus an attack against the congestion
   control protocol can be effective for several seconds before the
   receiver can react to slow down the session reception rate.

   Reverse Path Forwarding checks SHOULD be enabled in all network
   routers and switches along the path from the sender to receivers to
   limit the possibility of a bad agent injecting forged packets into
   the multicast tree data path.

   A receiver with an incorrect or corrupted implementation of the
   multiple rate congestion control building block may affect health of
   the network in the path between the sender and the receiver, and may
   also affect the reception rates of other receivers joined to the
   session.  It is therefore RECOMMENDED that receivers be required to
   identify themselves as legitimate before they receive the Session
   Description needed to join the session.  How receivers identify
   themselves as legitimate is outside the scope of this document.

   Another vulnerability of FLUTE is the potential of receivers
   obtaining an incorrect Session Description for the session.  The
   consequences of this could be that legitimate receivers with the
   wrong Session Description are unable to correctly receive the session
   content, or that receivers inadvertently try to receive at a much
   higher rate than they are capable of, thereby disrupting traffic in
   portions of the network.  To avoid these problems, it is RECOMMENDED
   that measures be taken to prevent receivers from accepting incorrect
   Session Descriptions, e.g., by using source authentication to ensure
   that receivers only accept legitimate Session Descriptions from
   authorized senders.  How this is done is outside the scope of this
   document.

8. IANA Considerations

   No information in this specification is directly subject to IANA
   registration. However, building blocks components used by ALC may
   introduce additional IANA considerations. In particular, the FEC
   building block used by FLUTE does require IANA registration of the
   FEC codecs used.






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9. Acknowledgements

   The following persons have contributed to this specification: Brian
   Adamson, Mark Handley, Esa Jalonen, Roger Kermode, Juha-Pekka Luoma,
   Jani Peltotalo, Sami Peltotalo, Topi Pohjolainen and Lorenzo
   Vicisano. The authors would like to thank all the contributors for
   their valuable work in reviewing and providing feedback regarding
   this specification.

Normative references

   [1]   Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3",
         RFC 2026, BCP 9, October 1996.

   [2]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
         Levels", RFC 2119, BCP 14, March 1997.

   [3]   Luby, M., Gemmel, J., Vicisano, L., Rizzo, L. and J. Crowcroft,
         "Asynchronous Layered Coding (ALC) Protocol Instantiation", RFC
         3450, December 2002.

   [4]   Luby, M., Gemmel, J., Vicisano, L., Rizzo, L., Handley, M. and
         J. Crowcroft, "Layered Coding Transport (LCT) Building Block",
         RFC 3451, December 2002.

   [5]   Luby, M., Gemmel, J., Vicisano, L., Rizzo, L., Handley, M. and
         J. Crowcroft, "Forward Error Correction (FEC) Building Block",
         RFC 3452, December 2002.

   [6]   Mills, D., "Network Time Protocol (Version 3), Specification,
         Implementation and Analysis", RFC 1305, March 1992.

   [7]   Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter, L.,
         Leach, P. and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol --
         HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.

   [8]   Luby, M. and L. Vicisano, "Compact Forward Error Correction
         (FEC) Schemes", draft-ietf-rmt-bb-fec-supp-compact-01 (work in
         progress), May 2003.

   [9]   Thompson, H., Beech, D., Maloney, M. and N. Mendelsohn, "XML
         Schema Part 1: Structures", W3C Recommendation, May 2001.

   [10]  Biron, P. and A. Malhotra, "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes", W3C
         Recommendation, May 2001.

Informative references




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   [11]  Deutsch, P. and J-L. Gailly, "ZLIB Compressed Data Format
         Specification version 3.3", RFC 1950, May 1996.

   [12]  Handley, M., Perkins, C. and E. Whelan, "Session Announcement
         Protocol", RFC 2974, October 2000.

   [13]  Deering, S., "Host Extensions for IP Multicasting", RFC 1112,
         STD 5, August 1989.

   [14]  Perrig, A., Canetti, R., Song, D. and J. Tygar, "Efficient and
         Secure Source Authentication for Multicast, Network and
         Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS 2001, pp. 35-46.",
         February 2001.

   [15]  Holbrook, H., "A Channel Model for Multicast, Ph.D.
         Dissertation, Stanford University, Department of Computer
         Science, Stanford, California", August 2001.

   [16]  Deutsch, P., "DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification
         version 1.3", RFC 1951, May 1996.

   [17]  Deutsch, P., "GZIP file format specification version 4.3", RFC
         1952, May 1996.


Authors' Addresses

   Toni Paila
   Nokia
   Itamerenkatu 11-13
   Helsinki  FIN-00180
   Finland

   EMail: toni.paila@nokia.com


   Michael Luby
   Digital Fountain
   39141 Civic Center Dr.
   Suite 300
   Fremont, CA  94538
   USA

   EMail: luby@digitalfountain.com







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   Rami Lehtonen
   TeliaSonera
   Hatanpaan valtatie 18
   Tampere  FIN-33100
   Finland

   EMail: rami.lehtonen@teliasonera.com


   Vincent Roca
   INRIA Rhone-Alpes
   655, av. de l'Europe
   Montbonnot
   St Ismier cedex  38334
   France

   EMail: vincent.roca@inrialpes.fr


   Rod Walsh
   Nokia
   Visiokatu 1
   Tampere  FIN-33720
   Finland

   EMail: rod.walsh@nokia.com

Appendix A. Receiver operation (informative)

   This chapter gives an example how the receiver of the file delivery
   session may operate. Instead of a detailed state-by-state
   specification the following should be interpreted as a rough sequence
   of an envisioned file delivery receiver.

   1. The receiver obtains the description of the file delivery session
      identified by the pair: (source IP address,  Transport Session
      Identifier). The receiver also obtains the destination IP
      addresses and respective ports associated with the file delivery
      session.

   2. The receiver joins the channels in order to receive packets
      associated with the file delivery session. The receiver may
      schedule this join operation utilizing the timing information
      contained in a possible description of the file delivery session.

   3. The receiver receives ALC/LCT packets associated with the file
      delivery session. The receiver checks that the packets match the
      declared Transport Session Identifier. If not, packets are



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      silently discarded.

   4. While receiving, the receiver demultiplexes packets based on their
      TOI and stores the relevant packet information in an appropriate
      area for recovery of the corresponding file. Multiple files can be
      reconstructed concurrently.

   5. Receiver recovers an object. An object can be recovered when an
      appropriate set of packets containing encoding symbols for the
      transport object have been received. An appropriate set of packets
      is dependent on the properties of the FEC Encoding ID and FEC
      Instance ID, and on other information contained in the FEC Object
      Transmission Information.

   6. If the recovered object was an FDT instance with FDT Instance ID
      'N', the receiver parses the payload of the instance 'N' of FDT
      and updates its FDT database accordingly. The receiver identifies
      FDT instances within a file delivery session by the EXT_FDT header
      extension. Any object that is delivered using EXT_FDT header
      extension is an FDT instance, uniquely identified by the FDT
      Instance ID. Note that TOI '0' is exclusively reserved for FDT
      delivery.

   7. If the object recovered is not an FDT Instance but a file, the
      receiver looks up its FDT database to get the properties described
      in the database, and assigns file with the given properties. The
      receiver also checks that received content length matches with the
      description in the database. Optionally, if MD5 checksum has been
      used, the receiver checks that calculated MD5 matches with the
      description in the FDT database.

   8. The actions the receiver takes with imperfectly received files
      (missing data, mismatching digestive, etc.) is outside the scope
      of this specification. When a file is recovered before the
      associated file description entry is available, a possible
      behavior is to wait until an FDT Instance is received that
      includes the missing properties.

   9. If the file delivery session end time has not been reached go back
      to 3. Otherwise end.


Appendix B. Example of FDT Instance Payload (informative)


   <?xml version=3D"1.0" encoding=3D"UTF-8"?>
   <FDT-Payload xmlns:xsi=3D"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:fl=3D"http://www.example.com/flute"



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   xsi:schemaLocation=3D"http://www.example.com/flute fdt-6a.xsd"
   Expires=3D"2890842807">
      	<File
              Content-Location=3D"www.example.com/menu/tracklist.html"
              TOI=3D"1"
      	   Content-Type=3D"text/html"/>
      	<File
              Content-Location=3D"www.example.com/tracks/track1.mp3"
              TOI=3D"2"
      	   Content-Length=3D"6100"
      	   Content-Type=3D"audio/mp3"
      	   Content-Encoding=3D"gzip"
      	   Content-MD5=3D"Eth76GlkJU45sghK"
      	   Some-Private-Extension-Tag=3D"abc123"/>
   </FDT-Payload>




































Paila, et al.             Expires May 14, 2004                 [Page 30]
=0C
Internet-Draft                   FLUTE                     November 2003


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Paila, et al.             Expires May 14, 2004                 [Page 31]
=0C
Internet-Draft                   FLUTE                     November 2003


   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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Paila, et al.             Expires May 14, 2004                 [Page 32]
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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon Nov 17 05:34:24 2003
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Subject: Re: [Rmt] FLUTE 06
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2003 10:33:11 +0000
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I skim-read the first 11 or so pages.  Comments below - they're
detail, not substantial.  I'm not going to find time to read the rest
for at least a few days.

My personal recommendation given the other time constraints is to
issue a WG last call on this TODAY.  I don't think there's any benefit
from waiting.  BUT to also assign two reviewers who weren't involved
in writing the document to give it a detailed review during last call.
My guess from the reading the first third of the document is that it's
OK technically, but needs clarification in places.  I think this
clarification is important, even for Experimental, if other standards
organizations are going to be referencing this.

Cheers,
	Mark



>          FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport
>                      draft-ietf-rmt-flute-06.txt
...
>3. File delivery
...
>   *  Location of the file, expressed as either absolute or relative
>      URI. In the above example: "www.ex.com/docs/file.txt"

Is this really a "location", or a globally unique identifier?  What are
the indended semantics of this location?

>   *  File name (usually, this can be concluded from the URI). In the
>      above example: "file.txt"
>
>   *  File type, expressed as MIME media type (usually, this can also be
>      concluded from the extension of the file name). In the above
>      example: "text/plain"

What happens when the extension and MIME type mismatch?

>   *  File size, expressed in bytes. In the above example: "5200"

This is before content encoding isn't it?
...

>3.1 File delivery session
...
>   *  The TOI field MUST be included in ALC packets sent within a FLUTE
>      session, with the exception that ALC packets sent in a FLUTE
>      session with the Close session (A) flag set to 1 (signaling the
>      end of the session) and containing no payload MAY not include the
                                                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
suggest "MAY omit" to avoid confusion with MAY NOT include

>      TOI. See Section 5.1 of RFC 3451 [4] for the LCT definition of the
>      Close session flag, and see Section 4.2 of RFC 3450 [3] for an
>      example of its use within an ALC packet.

>3.2 File Delivery Table
>
>   The File Delivery Table (FDT) provides a means to describe various
>   attributes associated with files that are to be delivered within the
>   file delivery session. The following lists are examples of such
>   attributes, and are not intended to be mutually exclusive.
                                            
Do you mean this is not meant to be an exhaustive list?

...

>   Within the file delivery session the FDT is delivered as FDT
>   Instances. An FDT Instance contains one or more file description
>   entries of the FDT. Any FDT Instance can be equal to, a subset of, a
>   superset of, or complement any other FDT Instance. A certain FDT
>   Instance may be repeated several times during a session, even after
>   subsequent FDT Instances (with higher FDT Instance ID numbers) have
>   been transmitted. In minimum the FDT Instance contains a single file
                      ^^^^^^^^^^
Odd terminology.  Suggest "At a miminum..."  Also elsewhere in the document.

>   description entry. In maximum the FDT Instance contains the complete
>   FDT of the file delivery session.
...

>3.3 Dynamics of FDT Instances within file delivery session
...
>   *  An FDT Instance MAY appear in any part of the file delivery
>      session and even multiplexed with other files or other FDT
>      Instances.

I don't understand what this means with regard to "multiplexed with
other files".

>   *  An FDT Instance is valid until its expiration time. The expiration
>      time is expressed within the FDT Instance payload as a 32 bit data
>      field. The value of the data field represents the 32 most
>      significant bits of a 64 bit Network Time Protocol (NTP) [6] time
>      value. Wrap-around of the 32 bit time is to be handled according
>      to NTP.

>From RFC 1305:

"NTP timestamps are represented as a 64-bit unsigned fixed- point
number, in seconds relative to 0h on 1 January 1900. The integer part
is in the first 32 bits and the fraction part in the last 32 bits."

You could comment that "32 most significant bits" gives an unsigned
integer representing the time in seconds relative to 0h on 1 January
1900.

>From RFC 1305:

"Note that since some time in 1968 the most significant bit (bit 0 of the
integer part) has been set and that the 64-bit field will overflow some
time in 2036. Should NTP be in use in 2036, some external means will be
necessary to qualify time relative to 1900 and time relative to 2036
(and other multiples of 136 years)."

So RFC 1305 doesn't seem to handle wraparound.

>   *  The receiver behaviour upon expiration of the FDT Instance is out
>      of scope of this specification.

Why include an expiry and not define the expiration behavour?

>   Generally, a receiver needs to receive an FDT Instance describing a
>   file before it is able to recover the file itself. In this sense FDT
>   Instances are of higher priority than files. Thus, it is RECOMMENDED
>   that FTD Instances describing a file be sent with at least as much
         ^^^
FDT
...

>3.4 Structure of FDT Instance
...
>   FDT Instance ID, 20 bits:
>
>   For each file delivery session the numbering of FDT Instances starts
>   from '0' and is incremented by exactly one for each subsequent FDT
>   Instance. After reaching the maximum value (2^20-1), the numbering
>   starts again from '0'. When wraparound from 2^20-1 to 0 occurs, 0 is
>   considered higher than 2^20-1. Receiver handling of wraparound and
>   other special situations (for example, missing FDT Instance IDs
>   resulting in longer increments than one) is left out of this
>   specification to individual implementations of FLUTE.

What byte order is this in?

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Reliable Multicast Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport
	Author(s)	: T. Paila
	Filename	: draft-ietf-rmt-flute-04.txt
	Pages		: 27
	Date		: 2003-11-11
	
This document defines FLUTE, a protocol for the unidirectional
delivery of files over the Internet, which is particularly suited to
multicast networks.  The specification builds on Asynchronous Layered
Coding, the base protocol designed for massively scalable multicast
distribution.

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From: Lorenzo Vicisano <lorenzo@cisco.com>
To: Mark Handley <M.Handley@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
Cc: Rod.Walsh@nokia.com, luby@digitalfountain.com, roger.kermode@motorola.com,
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Mark,

> I skim-read the first 11 or so pages.  Comments below - they're
> detail, not substantial.  I'm not going to find time to read the rest
> for at least a few days.
> 
> My personal recommendation given the other time constraints is to
> issue a WG last call on this TODAY.  I don't think there's any benefit

I'll be issuing last-call in a few hours, unless someone in this
list objects.

> from waiting.  BUT to also assign two reviewers who weren't involved
> in writing the document to give it a detailed review during last call.

The call for reviewers is open.

	Lorenzo

> My guess from the reading the first third of the document is that it's
> OK technically, but needs clarification in places.  I think this
> clarification is important, even for Experimental, if other standards
> organizations are going to be referencing this.
> 
> Cheers,
> 	Mark
> 
> 
> 
> >          FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport
> >                      draft-ietf-rmt-flute-06.txt
> ...
> >3. File delivery
> ...
> >   *  Location of the file, expressed as either absolute or relative
> >      URI. In the above example: "www.ex.com/docs/file.txt"
> 
> Is this really a "location", or a globally unique identifier?  What are
> the indended semantics of this location?
> 
> >   *  File name (usually, this can be concluded from the URI). In the
> >      above example: "file.txt"
> >
> >   *  File type, expressed as MIME media type (usually, this can also be
> >      concluded from the extension of the file name). In the above
> >      example: "text/plain"
> 
> What happens when the extension and MIME type mismatch?
> 
> >   *  File size, expressed in bytes. In the above example: "5200"
> 
> This is before content encoding isn't it?
> ...
> 
> >3.1 File delivery session
> ...
> >   *  The TOI field MUST be included in ALC packets sent within a FLUTE
> >      session, with the exception that ALC packets sent in a FLUTE
> >      session with the Close session (A) flag set to 1 (signaling the
> >      end of the session) and containing no payload MAY not include the
>                                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> suggest "MAY omit" to avoid confusion with MAY NOT include
> 
> >      TOI. See Section 5.1 of RFC 3451 [4] for the LCT definition of the
> >      Close session flag, and see Section 4.2 of RFC 3450 [3] for an
> >      example of its use within an ALC packet.
> 
> >3.2 File Delivery Table
> >
> >   The File Delivery Table (FDT) provides a means to describe various
> >   attributes associated with files that are to be delivered within the
> >   file delivery session. The following lists are examples of such
> >   attributes, and are not intended to be mutually exclusive.
>                                             
> Do you mean this is not meant to be an exhaustive list?
> 
> ...
> 
> >   Within the file delivery session the FDT is delivered as FDT
> >   Instances. An FDT Instance contains one or more file description
> >   entries of the FDT. Any FDT Instance can be equal to, a subset of, a
> >   superset of, or complement any other FDT Instance. A certain FDT
> >   Instance may be repeated several times during a session, even after
> >   subsequent FDT Instances (with higher FDT Instance ID numbers) have
> >   been transmitted. In minimum the FDT Instance contains a single file
>                       ^^^^^^^^^^
> Odd terminology.  Suggest "At a miminum..."  Also elsewhere in the document.
> 
> >   description entry. In maximum the FDT Instance contains the complete
> >   FDT of the file delivery session.
> ...
> 
> >3.3 Dynamics of FDT Instances within file delivery session
> ...
> >   *  An FDT Instance MAY appear in any part of the file delivery
> >      session and even multiplexed with other files or other FDT
> >      Instances.
> 
> I don't understand what this means with regard to "multiplexed with
> other files".
> 
> >   *  An FDT Instance is valid until its expiration time. The expiration
> >      time is expressed within the FDT Instance payload as a 32 bit data
> >      field. The value of the data field represents the 32 most
> >      significant bits of a 64 bit Network Time Protocol (NTP) [6] time
> >      value. Wrap-around of the 32 bit time is to be handled according
> >      to NTP.
> 
> >From RFC 1305:
> 
> "NTP timestamps are represented as a 64-bit unsigned fixed- point
> number, in seconds relative to 0h on 1 January 1900. The integer part
> is in the first 32 bits and the fraction part in the last 32 bits."
> 
> You could comment that "32 most significant bits" gives an unsigned
> integer representing the time in seconds relative to 0h on 1 January
> 1900.
> 
> >From RFC 1305:
> 
> "Note that since some time in 1968 the most significant bit (bit 0 of the
> integer part) has been set and that the 64-bit field will overflow some
> time in 2036. Should NTP be in use in 2036, some external means will be
> necessary to qualify time relative to 1900 and time relative to 2036
> (and other multiples of 136 years)."
> 
> So RFC 1305 doesn't seem to handle wraparound.
> 
> >   *  The receiver behaviour upon expiration of the FDT Instance is out
> >      of scope of this specification.
> 
> Why include an expiry and not define the expiration behavour?
> 
> >   Generally, a receiver needs to receive an FDT Instance describing a
> >   file before it is able to recover the file itself. In this sense FDT
> >   Instances are of higher priority than files. Thus, it is RECOMMENDED
> >   that FTD Instances describing a file be sent with at least as much
>          ^^^
> FDT
> ...
> 
> >3.4 Structure of FDT Instance
> ...
> >   FDT Instance ID, 20 bits:
> >
> >   For each file delivery session the numbering of FDT Instances starts
> >   from '0' and is incremented by exactly one for each subsequent FDT
> >   Instance. After reaching the maximum value (2^20-1), the numbering
> >   starts again from '0'. When wraparound from 2^20-1 to 0 occurs, 0 is
> >   considered higher than 2^20-1. Receiver handling of wraparound and
> >   other special situations (for example, missing FDT Instance IDs
> >   resulting in longer increments than one) is left out of this
> >   specification to individual implementations of FLUTE.
> 
> What byte order is this in?

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Subject: [Rmt] WG last-call for draft-ietf-rmt-flute-06.txt
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starting today. As for the other RMT submissions, this
is intended for the Experimental Track.

Please use draft-ietf-rmt-flute-06.txt that Mike Luby sent to
this list and will soon appear on the IETF directory.

Please provide your feedback by Dec. 2nd.

	thank you,
	the chairs

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To: Lorenzo Vicisano <lorenzo@cisco.com>
cc: Mark Handley <M.Handley@cs.ucl.ac.uk>, Rod.Walsh@nokia.com,
        luby@digitalfountain.com, roger.kermode@motorola.com, rmt@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Rmt] FLUTE 06 
In-Reply-To: Message from Lorenzo Vicisano <lorenzo@cisco.com> 
   of "Mon, 17 Nov 2003 10:42:51 PST." <20031117104251.B230@cisco.com> 
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2003 19:21:46 -0800
From: Allison Mankin <mankin@psg.com>
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All,

I support the Chairs' decision for the WGLC of FLUTE 06 that has been
issued today.   I agreed with their assessment of the circumstances and of
the discussions in Minneapolis.  

Another review or two such as Mark's will mean that the steps after WGLC
can be prompt as well.

Allison (as AD for RMT)


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Reliable Multicast Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport
	Author(s)	: T. Paila
	Filename	: draft-ietf-rmt-flute-05.txt
	Pages		: 32
	Date		: 2003-11-18
	
This document defines FLUTE, a protocol for the unidirectional
delivery of files over the Internet, which is particularly suited to
multicast networks.  The specification builds on Asynchronous Layered
Coding, the base protocol designed for massively scalable multicast
distribution.

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I've submitted updates to the NORM drafts with changes per the 
discussion and comments at last weeks' RMT meeting.  The drafts 
should show up shortly on the IETF site.  In the meanwhile, PDF 
versions are available at:

http://norm.pf.itd.nrl.navy.mil

cheers,

-- 
Brian
__________________________________
Brian Adamson
<http://manimac.itd.nrl.navy.mil>
<mailto:adamson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>

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Date: Fri, 21 Nov 2003 02:04:56 -0800
From: Xiaoli Chen <x_chen@umail.ucsb.edu>
To: Brian Adamson <adamson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>
Cc: Rmt@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Rmt] Submission of new NORM drafts
References: <26574F0076BFF449ADAE582D9E67780C01E28960@esebe006.ntc.nokia.com> <p06002017bbe2cd614328@[132.250.92.151]>
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Hi, Brian:

Could you tell me the changes in the new NORM draft?

Thanks,
Xiaoli

Quoting Brian Adamson <adamson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>:

> I've submitted updates to the NORM drafts with changes per the 
> discussion and comments at last weeks' RMT meeting.  The drafts 
> should show up shortly on the IETF site.  In the meanwhile, PDF 
> versions are available at:
> 
> http://norm.pf.itd.nrl.navy.mil
> 
> cheers,
> 
> -- 
> Brian
> __________________________________
> Brian Adamson
> <http://manimac.itd.nrl.navy.mil>
> <mailto:adamson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Rmt mailing list
> Rmt@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rmt
> 


-- 
Xiaoli Chen
x_chen@umail.ucsb.edu

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Reliable Multicast Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) Building Blocks
	Author(s)	: B. Adamson, C. Bormann, M. Handley, J. Macker
	Filename	: draft-ietf-rmt-bb-norm-08.txt,.ps,.pdf
	Pages		: 33
	Date		: 2003-11-21
	
This document discusses the creation the of negative-acknowledgment
This document discusses the creation the of negative-acknowledgment
(NACK)-oriented reliable multicast (NORM) protocols.  The rationale
for NORM goals and assumptions are presented.  Technical challenges
for NACK-oriented (and in some cases general) reliable multicast
protocol operation are identified.  These goals and challenges are
resolved into a set of functional 'building blocks' that address
different aspects of NORM protocol operation.  It is anticipated that
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 <26574F0076BFF449ADAE582D9E67780C01E28960@esebe006.ntc.nokia.com>
 <p06002017bbe2cd614328@[132.250.92.151]>
 <1069409096.3fbde348d2310@webaccess.umail.ucsb.edu>
Date: Fri, 21 Nov 2003 16:32:05 -0500
To: Xiaoli Chen <x_chen@umail.ucsb.edu>
From: Brian Adamson <adamson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>
Subject: Re: [Rmt] Submission of new NORM drafts
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At 2:04 AM -0800 11/21/03, Xiaoli Chen wrote:
>Hi, Brian:
>
>Could you tell me the changes in the new NORM draft?


The most significant change is the addition of Section 5.1.1 which 
provides the same FEC blocking/segmentation algorithm as used in the 
FLUTE drafts.  This was done for consistency among working group docs 
as well as potential performance improvements when using some FEC 
types.

The other changes included removal of any references to GRA and an 
additional to pointer to ongoing work in the IETF "msec" Workin Group 
in the area of potential multicast security solutions for NORM 
implementations.





>
>Thanks,
>Xiaoli
>
>Quoting Brian Adamson <adamson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>:
>
>>  I've submitted updates to the NORM drafts with changes per the
>>  discussion and comments at last weeks' RMT meeting.  The drafts
>>  should show up shortly on the IETF site.  In the meanwhile, PDF
>>  versions are available at:
>>
>>  http://norm.pf.itd.nrl.navy.mil
>>
>>  cheers,
>>
>>  --
>>  Brian
>>  __________________________________
>>  Brian Adamson
>>  <http://manimac.itd.nrl.navy.mil>
>>  <mailto:adamson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>
>>
>>  _______________________________________________
>>  Rmt mailing list
>>  Rmt@ietf.org
>>  https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rmt
>>
>
>
>--
>Xiaoli Chen
>x_chen@umail.ucsb.edu
>
>_______________________________________________
>Rmt mailing list
>Rmt@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rmt


-- 
Brian
__________________________________
Brian Adamson
<http://manimac.itd.nrl.navy.mil>
<mailto:adamson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>

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Date: Fri, 21 Nov 2003 13:58:27 -0800
From: Lorenzo Vicisano <lorenzo@cisco.com>
To: rmt@ietf.org
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Subject: [Rmt] WG last-call for NORM drafts
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Please be advised that RMT Working Group last-call has
started today for:

draft-ietf-rmt-pi-norm-09
draft-ietf-rmt-bb-norm-08 

Please send us your comments by Monday December 8th.

	thank you,
	the chairs.

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Nov 26 10:32:20 2003
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Reliable Multicast Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport
	Author(s)	: T. Paila
	Filename	: draft-ietf-rmt-flute-06.txt
	Pages		: 32
	Date		: 2003-11-26
	
This document defines FLUTE, a protocol for the unidirectional
delivery of files over the Internet, which is particularly suited to
multicast networks.  The specification builds on Asynchronous Layered
Coding, the base protocol designed for massively scalable multicast
distribution.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-rmt-flute-06.txt

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Nov 26 17:47:16 2003
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Date: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:43:39 -0500
Subject: [Rmt] Last Call: 'Wave and Equation Based Rate Control building block' to
 Experimental RFC
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The IESG has received a request from the Reliable Multicast Transport WG to 
consider the following document:

- 'Wave and Equation Based Rate Control building block '
   <draft-ietf-rmt-bb-webrc-04.txt> as an Experimental RFC

The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
final comments on this action.  Please send any comments to the
iesg@ietf.org or ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2003-12-10.

The file can be obtained via
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-rmt-bb-webrc-04.txt


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