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To: Christian Vogt <christian.vogt@ericsson.com>
Subject: Re: [lisp] Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to whether a WG forming BOF is necessary for LISP 
In-reply-to: <4829FA05-B2FF-4F39-8B4F-1810C472E447@ericsson.com> 
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Comments: In-reply-to Christian Vogt <christian.vogt@ericsson.com> message dated "Sat, 31 Jan 2009 11:49:46 -0800."
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From: Jon Crowcroft <Jon.Crowcroft@cl.cam.ac.uk>
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Cc: int-area@ietf.org, lisp@ietf.org, routing-discussion@ietf.org, rrg RG <rrg@irtf.org>, Jon.Crowcroft@cl.cam.ac.uk, Dino Farinacci <dino@cisco.com>
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you can push info multiply redundently
(or cross-post:)
and you get reliability with a silly overhead

or you can push an update which is wrong and disconnect the entire
world, e.g.
http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/01/this-site-may-harm-your-computer-on.html

so aside from the basic academic type scaling, has anyone done
this sort of disaster-prone analysis for LISP/ALT?

(i.e. human stupidity resilience, rather than security-to-prevent evil)

one is reminded of simily errors with DNS root databases and with 
BGP adverts...one woudn't want to design a system with
one-click take-down again

In missive <4829FA05-B2FF-4F39-8B4F-1810C472E447@ericsson.com>, Christian Vogt 
typed:

 >>
 >>On Jan 28, 2009, Dino Farinacci wrote:
 >>
 >>> You cannot push around 10^10 entries and store them everywhere. [...]
 >>
 >>
 >>
 >>Dino -
 >>
 >>I think we should experimentally compare ALT with other mapping systems
 >>before we decide whether pull-based or push-based mapping systems are
 >>better.  Dismissing push-based mapping systems without corroborating
 >>data would be a bit premature in my opinion.
 >>
 >>In the absence of experimentation results, I would actually argue in
 >>favor of push-based mapping systems based on some analytical reasoning:
 >>Pull-based mapping systems have two important disadvantages compared to
 >>push-based mapping systems:
 >>
 >>- Performance penalty, i.e., additional propagation latencies for some
 >>   packets, and higher loss probabilities for packets that take a sub-
 >>   optimal path
 >>
 >>- Robustness penalty due to a new online dependency on components off
 >>   the actual transmission path.  (FWIW: All pull-based mapping systems
 >>   have this penalty.  Mapping requests must be routed via overlay
 >>   infrastructure because the direct route is unknown at that time.)
 >>
 >>Furthermore, I do not share your concerns regarding push-based mapping
 >>systems:  BGP is pushing routing data already today, and this works
 >>fine.  Any routing-scalability-related issues with BGP are not due to
 >>BGP being push-based; they are due to frequent updates and a high load
 >>for core routers.  Both of these issues would go away in an address
 >>indirection architecture (be it LISP, Ivip, APT, or Six/One Router),
 >>independent of whether you use a pull- or push-based mapping system.
 >>
 >>In conclusion:  The overlay approach of ALT is certainly an interesting
 >>idea.  But I think it would be premature to conclude that it is the only
 >>viable solution before we have more evidence to back this claim.
 >>
 >>- Christian
 >>
 >>
 >>PS:  I admit that I have never been really good in avoiding cross-
 >>posting.  But this is obviously my all-time negative record...
 >>
 >>
 >>
 >>_______________________________________________
 >>routing-discussion mailing list
 >>routing-discussion@ietf.org
 >>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/routing-discussion

 cheers

   jon

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Subject: Re: [lisp] Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to whether a WG forming BOF is necessary for LISP
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> Dino -
>
> I think we should experimentally compare ALT with other mapping  
> systems
> before we decide whether pull-based or push-based mapping systems are
> better.  Dismissing push-based mapping systems without corroborating
> data would be a bit premature in my opinion.

Agree.

> In the absence of experimentation results, I would actually argue in
> favor of push-based mapping systems based on some analytical  
> reasoning:
> Pull-based mapping systems have two important disadvantages compared  
> to
> push-based mapping systems:
>
> - Performance penalty, i.e., additional propagation latencies for some
>  packets, and higher loss probabilities for packets that take a sub-
>  optimal path
>
> - Robustness penalty due to a new online dependency on components off
>  the actual transmission path.  (FWIW: All pull-based mapping systems
>  have this penalty.  Mapping requests must be routed via overlay
>  infrastructure because the direct route is unknown at that time.)

Make note that LISP-ALT is a hybrid. It pushes EID-prefix  
announcements via eBGP over an alternate topology of GRE tunnels. And  
then ITRs pull the mappings by sending Map-Requests on this topology  
so ETRs (who are authoritative for the mappings) can return Map-Replies.

> Furthermore, I do not share your concerns regarding push-based mapping
> systems:  BGP is pushing routing data already today, and this works
> fine.  Any routing-scalability-related issues with BGP are not due to

But the BGP RIB is order 10^5 and on average (there is lots of data on  
this) only 10% of that table is used in any given router.

> BGP being push-based; they are due to frequent updates and a high load
> for core routers.  Both of these issues would go away in an address

Other reason you want to push is if all the nodes in the "push domain"  
need to use the information. If they don't it is a waste of memory and  
resources. BGP is used as a transport for routing information but each  
node uses that information.

Make note that NERD has been called a "push" mechanism. But it  
actually is requesting to receive *all mappings*.

Also, another point I want to make where I'll use the iPhone 2.0  
release as an example. In 2.0, they said they had "push email". Well  
from a user point of view, that means when you open your mail app, the  
email is sitting there ready to be read. If in the background, there  
was a periodic process to pull the email, then it still looks like push.

The point here is begging a single question:

     1) Should all the mappings in the universe be in an ITR?

     2) Should only the mappings for sites the ITR is currently  
talking to be in the ITR?

This is the important matter. Decide on that then we can talk about  
how to get the mappings where they need to be.

> In conclusion:  The overlay approach of ALT is certainly an  
> interesting
> idea.  But I think it would be premature to conclude that it is the  
> only
> viable solution before we have more evidence to back this claim.

Why do you think a conclusion is being made. I haven't made any.

Anyways, this is a good discussion and glad we have moved passed the  
definition of an EID.

Dino

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Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2009 06:00:44 -0800
From: Bill Manning <bmanning@ISI.EDU>
To: Yakov Rekhter <yakov@juniper.net>
Subject: Re: Delays in DNS vs. delays in pull-based mapping
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On Sat, Jan 31, 2009 at 03:47:11PM -0800, Yakov Rekhter wrote:
> Christian,
> 
> > 
> > [ Forked from thread:  "Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to
> > whether a WG forming BOF is necessary for LISP". ]
> > 
> > 
> > On Jan 28, 2009, Noel Chiappa wrote:
> > 
> > > Also, what percentage of DNS resolutions take more than one round-trip
> > > (because of the use of multi-level DNS names)? Surely that's an even
> > > worse delay (several round-trips, as opposed to simply a few extra
> > > hops), but I don't think I've heard complaints about that?
> > 
> > 
> > Noel -
> > 
> > There are two significant differences between the delays introduced by
> > DNS during hostname resolution, and the delays introduced by a pull-
> > based mapping system:
> > 
> > - DNS-related delays do not affect transport protocols, whereas pull-
> >    based mapping systems do.
> > 
> > - DNS does not create off-path dependencies for routing, whereas a
> >    pull-based mapping system does.  In pull-based mapping systems, at
> >    least the mapping requests must travel via an overlay because the
> >    direct routing path is not yet known at the request time.  This
> >    creates an off-path dependency for routing.
> > 
> > The first bullet is a performance issue.  Experimentation could help in
> > finding out how much of a problem this is.  The second bullet is a
> > robustness issue.  More analysis and discussion would help to better
> > understand the consequences of this.
> 
> There is yet another difference - when an ITR goes down, all the
> flows that used to go through that ITR would need to be re-routed
> through some other ITR(s). But in order for that other ITR(s) to correctly
> forward these flows, that other ITR(s) needs to acquire mapping for
> all these flows. What would these other ITR(s) do with the data
> arriving on these flows, as these ITRs are acquiring the mapping ?
> What impact would that have on the overall system performance ?
> 
> There is no analogy to this in the context of name resolution (DNS).
> 
> Yakov.
> _______________________________________________

In simpler times, when packet-based forwarding was in vogue, there was little concept of
state/flow etc. the DNS retains this design characteristic.  A (perhaps naive) presumption
would be that when an ITR goes down, all the associated flows would be dropped and recomputed
based on the then current topology.  Any data "in flight" would be dropped as well and would 
have to be resent. 


-- 
--bill

Opinions expressed may not even be mine by the time you read them, and
certainly don't reflect those of any other entity (legal or otherwise).

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From: Scott Brim <swb@employees.org>
To: Christian Vogt <christian.vogt@ericsson.com>
Subject: Re: [rrg] [lisp] Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to whether a WG forming BOF is necessary for LISP
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Excerpts from Christian Vogt on Sat, Jan 31, 2009 11:49:46AM -0800:
> I think we should experimentally compare ALT with other mapping
> systems before we decide whether pull-based or push-based mapping
> systems are better.  Dismissing push-based mapping systems without
> corroborating data would be a bit premature in my opinion.

I don't believe push-based mapping systems have been dismissed.  They
are still a valid option, and one that could be pursued at any time.
Some of us made an initial evaluation that pull-based systems are
better, but with experience that might change, and it can.  

Push-based and pull-based systems can coexist as long as their
protocols aren't too constrained.  A push-based system can act as a
representative for the sites it serves and inject mapping information
for them into a pull-based system, and so on.  

APT default mappers are something like hybridization points between
push and pull, but there are control messages which bypass them, so
the parallel isn't really exact.

> In the absence of experimentation results, I would actually argue in
> favor of push-based mapping systems based on some analytical reasoning:
> Pull-based mapping systems have two important disadvantages compared to
> push-based mapping systems:
>
> - Performance penalty, i.e., additional propagation latencies for some
>   packets, and higher loss probabilities for packets that take a sub-
>   optimal path
>
> - Robustness penalty due to a new online dependency on components off
>   the actual transmission path.  (FWIW: All pull-based mapping systems
>   have this penalty.  Mapping requests must be routed via overlay
>   infrastructure because the direct route is unknown at that time.)

And a push-based system is either very "chatty" or its state is
decoupled from operational reality.  With a pull-based system you can
have the authoritative sources of information be directly coupled to
the operational liveness of the ETRs -- they can be the ETRs
themselves.  You can get this with a push-based system but only at the
cost of a lot of messages sent without actually knowing if the
information will be used.

A push-based system has extra equipment, and administration, as well.
They all do.

But this is all initial evaluation.  

Scott
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From: Scott Brim <swb@employees.org>
To: Jon Crowcroft <Jon.Crowcroft@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Subject: Re: [lisp] Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to whether a WG forming BOF is necessary for LISP
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Excerpts from Jon Crowcroft on Sun, Feb 01, 2009 09:30:55AM +0000:
> you can push info multiply redundently
> (or cross-post:)
> and you get reliability with a silly overhead
> 
> or you can push an update which is wrong and disconnect the entire
> world, e.g.
> http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/01/this-site-may-harm-your-computer-on.html
> 
> so aside from the basic academic type scaling, has anyone done
> this sort of disaster-prone analysis for LISP/ALT?

There is a concern about misconfiguration.  Certainly you want at
least doublechecking, and possibly signatures.

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Subject: Re: [rrg] Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to whether a WG  forming BOF is necessary for LISP
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To: Christian Vogt <christian.vogt@ericsson.com>
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On Wed, Jan 28, 2009 at 6:18 PM, Christian Vogt
<christian.vogt@ericsson.com> wrote:
>
> On Jan 24, 2009, Dino Farinacci wrote:
>
>>> 4 - LISP-ALT's Aggregation implies provider dependence.
>>>    This is Christian Vogt's critique:
>>>    http://psg.com/lists/rrg/2008/msg00259.html
>>
>> Not true. Aggregation here is for the EID-prefix. Service providers do
>> not carry EID-prefixes in their cores so you don't depend on them. The
>> decoupling of the address creates this. The dependence is now on the
>> ALT. And if your site resides in a specific region of the world, you get
>> your EID-prefixes from that registry. So readdressing your domain would
>> only occur if you moved it from one region to another (let's leave
>> mobile ASes out of this for now).
>
>
> Dino -
>
> There is a tradeoff between EID portability and path stretch along the
> ALT topology, and I believe the tradeoff made in LISP/ALT has been
> revised a few times.
>
> Portability of EID prefixes requires that the ALT topology follows
> EID-addressing.  This leads to potentially longer-than-optimal paths
> along the ALT topology.  Vice versa, if path stretch is to be limited,
> then portability of EID prefixes must be restricted.
>
> According to your email to Robin, LISP/ALT currently makes the following
> tradeoff:  Portability of EID prefixes is limited geographically in
> order to curb path stretch along the ALT topology to the maximum that
> can happen within a geographical region.
>
> That's possible, of course.  The cost is that networks scattered over
> different parts of the world, such as those of enterprises with global
> presence, cannot use a continuous address space internally -- even if
> they all attach to the same provider.

cant they? I thought one of the nice things about the loc/id split was
I could number my internals out of whatever I wanted, spread over
creation and the attachment points were the only things that required
aggregation, no?

-Chris
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Excerpts from Christopher Morrow on Mon, Feb 02, 2009 01:21:19PM -0500:
> > According to your email to Robin, LISP/ALT currently makes the following
> > tradeoff:  Portability of EID prefixes is limited geographically in
> > order to curb path stretch along the ALT topology to the maximum that
> > can happen within a geographical region.
> >
> > That's possible, of course.  The cost is that networks scattered over
> > different parts of the world, such as those of enterprises with global
> > presence, cannot use a continuous address space internally -- even if
> > they all attach to the same provider.
> 
> cant they? I thought one of the nice things about the loc/id split was
> I could number my internals out of whatever I wanted, spread over
> creation and the attachment points were the only things that required
> aggregation, no?

Sure, but if one of your sites is in New Zealand, and has a prefix
where the physical ALT hierarchy is optimized for sites in Europe, a
source in New Zealand trying to contact your site would see more delay
during the Map-Request/Reply exchange, even though it they are in the
same town.  However, Map-Request/Reply exchanges don't happen very
often, and the delay will be low (round trip across the Internet).
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Subject: Re: [rrg] Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to whether a WG forming BOF is necessary for LISP
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2009 10:55:43 -0800
References: <20090120190744.GA9467@1-4-5.net> <49765FFB.1010709@piuha.net> <200901222339.n0MNddM88868@magenta.juniper.net> <75cb24520901221834s31095bffr252336804e9a94bd@mail.gmail.com> <497B1F7A.9030407@firstpr.com.au> <6CF20960-E0C1-4BB5-A310-1CDC6577561A@cisco.com> <3103F803-D3A2-4757-86B6-7D8A97C679AC@ericsson.com> <75cb24520902021021o5f277314x18f6b31e6857c199@mail.gmail.com>
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> cant they? I thought one of the nice things about the loc/id split was
> I could number my internals out of whatever I wanted, spread over
> creation and the attachment points were the only things that required
> aggregation, no?

Yes you can.

Dino

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From: David Meyer <dmm@1-4-5.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] [rrg] Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to whether a WG forming BOF is necessary for LISP
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On Mon, Feb 02, 2009 at 01:42:47PM -0500, Scott Brim wrote:
> Excerpts from Christopher Morrow on Mon, Feb 02, 2009 01:21:19PM -0500:
> > > According to your email to Robin, LISP/ALT currently makes the follow=
ing
> > > tradeoff:  Portability of EID prefixes is limited geographically in
> > > order to curb path stretch along the ALT topology to the maximum that
> > > can happen within a geographical region.
> > >
> > > That's possible, of course.  The cost is that networks scattered over
> > > different parts of the world, such as those of enterprises with global
> > > presence, cannot use a continuous address space internally -- even if
> > > they all attach to the same provider.
> >=20
> > cant they? I thought one of the nice things about the loc/id split was
> > I could number my internals out of whatever I wanted, spread over
> > creation and the attachment points were the only things that required
> > aggregation, no?
>=20
> Sure, but if one of your sites is in New Zealand, and has a prefix
> where the physical ALT hierarchy is optimized for sites in Europe, a
> source in New Zealand trying to contact your site would see more delay
> during the Map-Request/Reply exchange, even though it they are in the
> same town.  However, Map-Request/Reply exchanges don't happen very
> often, and the delay will be low (round trip across the Internet).

	Or not at all if you're not the first folks communicating
	between the sites.

	Dave

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Subject: Re: [Int-area] [lisp] [rrg] Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to whether a WG forming BOF is necessary for LISP
References: <20090120190744.GA9467@1-4-5.net> <49765FFB.1010709@piuha.net>	<200901222339.n0MNddM88868@magenta.juniper.net>	<75cb24520901221834s31095bffr252336804e9a94bd@mail.gmail.com>	<497B1F7A.9030407@firstpr.com.au>	<6CF20960-E0C1-4BB5-A310-1CDC6577561A@cisco.com>	<3103F803-D3A2-4757-86B6-7D8A97C679AC@ericsson.com>	<75cb24520902021021o5f277314x18f6b31e6857c199@mail.gmail.com>	<20090202184247.GE1164@cisco.com> <20090202203116.GA1345@1-4-5.net>
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On 2009-02-03 09:31, David Meyer wrote:
> On Mon, Feb 02, 2009 at 01:42:47PM -0500, Scott Brim wrote:
>> Excerpts from Christopher Morrow on Mon, Feb 02, 2009 01:21:19PM -0500:
>>>> According to your email to Robin, LISP/ALT currently makes the following
>>>> tradeoff:  Portability of EID prefixes is limited geographically in
>>>> order to curb path stretch along the ALT topology to the maximum that
>>>> can happen within a geographical region.
>>>>
>>>> That's possible, of course.  The cost is that networks scattered over
>>>> different parts of the world, such as those of enterprises with global
>>>> presence, cannot use a continuous address space internally -- even if
>>>> they all attach to the same provider.
>>> cant they? I thought one of the nice things about the loc/id split was
>>> I could number my internals out of whatever I wanted, spread over
>>> creation and the attachment points were the only things that required
>>> aggregation, no?
>> Sure, but if one of your sites is in New Zealand, and has a prefix
>> where the physical ALT hierarchy is optimized for sites in Europe, a
>> source in New Zealand trying to contact your site would see more delay
>> during the Map-Request/Reply exchange, even though it they are in the
>> same town.  However, Map-Request/Reply exchanges don't happen very
>> often, and the delay will be low (round trip across the Internet).
> 
> 	Or not at all if you're not the first folks communicating
> 	between the sites.

A couple of points on this.

1. Large companies with their own international networks will
surely never adopt a solution which doesn't allow them to have
a straightforward, consistent and 100% internally managed
addressing plan.

2. They also won't adopt a solution in which local customers
experience world-crossing delays for accessing local sites.
They will use DNS tricks, redirects, CDNs, and overlay routing
to get round this.

It's to be hoped that loc/id solutions such as LISP will be viewed
as a help in this game rather than as a new enemy.

    Brian
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From: Scott Brim <swb@employees.org>
To: Brian E Carpenter <brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Int-area] [lisp] [rrg] Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to whether a WG forming BOF is necessary for LISP
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Excerpts from Brian E Carpenter on Tue, Feb 03, 2009 09:51:26AM +1300:
> 1. Large companies with their own international networks will
> surely never adopt a solution which doesn't allow them to have
> a straightforward, consistent and 100% internally managed
> addressing plan.
> 
> 2. They also won't adopt a solution in which local customers
> experience world-crossing delays for accessing local sites.
> They will use DNS tricks, redirects, CDNs, and overlay routing
> to get round this.
> 
> It's to be hoped that loc/id solutions such as LISP will be viewed
> as a help in this game rather than as a new enemy.

As John Z pointed out, the company has a lot of control over how this
is done.  With coordination between xTRs (in the case of ALT), the
Map-Request can go to a "near" one and the Map-Reply can carry a
specific answer.  Or not.  Complexity can be pushed outside, or be
placed in the company's edge (control only), or brought all the way in
to internal routing.  You choose your trade-off points.
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To: Brian E Carpenter <brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Int-area] [lisp] [rrg] Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to whether a WG forming BOF is necessary for LISP
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> A couple of points on this.
>=20
> 1. Large companies with their own international networks will
> surely never adopt a solution which doesn't allow them to have
> a straightforward, consistent and 100% internally managed
> addressing plan.
 =20
	No doubt.

> 2. They also won't adopt a solution in which local customers
> experience world-crossing delays for accessing local sites.
> They will use DNS tricks, redirects, CDNs, and overlay routing
> to get round this.

	Again, no doubt.

> It's to be hoped that loc/id solutions such as LISP will be viewed
> as a help in this game rather than as a new enemy.

	One would hope so.

	Dave

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=20
In einer eMail vom 02.02.2009 22:17:36 Westeurop=E4ische Normalzeit schreibt=
 =20
dmm@1-4-5.net:

>  It's to be hoped that loc/id solutions such as LISP will be viewed
> as  a help in this game rather than as a new enemy.

One would  hope so.

Dave



LISP/ALT reminds me of the lie baron Muenchhausen story, who told his =20
listeners how he rescued himself from drowning: "I grabbed my hair and pulle=
d =20
myself out of the water".
=20
Heiner

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<DIV>In einer eMail vom 02.02.2009 22:17:36 Westeurop=E4ische Normalzeit sch=
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dmm@1-4-5.net:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: blue 2px solid"><=
FONT=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size=
=3D2>&gt;=20
  It's to be hoped that loc/id solutions such as LISP will be viewed<BR>&gt;=
 as=20
  a help in this game rather than as a new enemy.<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; One w=
ould=20
  hope so.<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; Dave<BR></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV>LISP/ALT reminds me of the lie baron Muenchhausen story, who told his=20
listeners how he rescued himself from drowning: "I grabbed my hair and pulle=
d=20
myself out of the water".</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
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Subject: Re: [rrg] [Int-area] [lisp] Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to whether a WG forming BOF is necessary for LISP
References: <20090120190744.GA9467@1-4-5.net>	<49765FFB.1010709@piuha.net>	<200901222339.n0MNddM88868@magenta.juniper.net>	<75cb24520901221834s31095bffr252336804e9a94bd@mail.gmail.com>	<497B1F7A.9030407@firstpr.com.au>	<6CF20960-E0C1-4BB5-A310-1CDC6577561A@cisco.com>	<3103F803-D3A2-4757-86B6-7D8A97C679AC@ericsson.com>	<75cb24520902021021o5f277314x18f6b31e6857c199@mail.gmail.com>	<20090202184247.GE1164@cisco.com>	<20090202203116.GA1345@1-4-5.net> <49875CCE.2070909@gmail.com>
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Some of this discussion about the merits of LISP-ALT and of other
schemes is only happening on the RRG list and so is not on the other
lists crossposted in this reply.

  http://www.irtf.org/pipermail/rrg/


Hi Brian,

You wrote, in part:

> 1. Large companies with their own international networks will
> surely never adopt a solution which doesn't allow them to have
> a straightforward, consistent and 100% internally managed
> addressing plan.

I agree.  In my view, this means they want and need portable address
space.  I think placing "portable" anywhere near "address" in a
sentence makes some peoples' teeth itch, including especially
yourself!  But I think this is what networks want and need: stable
public address space they retain for year after year, and can use via
any ISP, ideally being able to split it up very finely between
multiple ISPs and to change which ISP they use it with - quickly and
with little cost to themselves or other people.

The core-edge separation schemes LISP, APT and Ivip all provide
portable address space, like PI space, but not handled directly by
BGP, not obtained in necessarily big chunks and probably obtained
from some company or other organisation, rather than directly from an
RIR.

Also, this new kind of space (I call it Scalable PI space) can be
sliced up much more finely by the scheme's mapping system, down to
the individual IP address, compared to the administrative limits
placed on BGP's finesse, such as /24 for IPv4.  (Ivip only goes to
/64 resolution for IPv6.)  This space will have initial and ongoing
costs, but it won't involve BGP expertise, BGP routers, being an AS etc.


> 2. They also won't adopt a solution in which local customers
> experience world-crossing delays for accessing local sites.
> They will use DNS tricks, redirects, CDNs, and overlay routing
> to get round this.

I agree.  This rules out the use of a core-edge separation scheme
with a global query server system (LISP-CONS, LISP-ALT and TRRP).
There are ways of caching the mapping closer to ITRs, but this raises
problems.


> It's to be hoped that loc/id solutions such as LISP will be viewed
> as a help in this game rather than as a new enemy.

I tend to think that HIP is a real locator ID separation system.  I
don't think of LISP, APT or Ivip in these terms.

I think "Core edge separation scheme" is a better general term for
LISP, APT, Ivip and TRRP.  (Maybe RANGER too.)

But I agree - if LISP-ALT only provides a global query server system
and if it became "The Routing Scaling Solution" for solving the
routing scaling problem, then I think many people would consider the
delays and fragility of a global query server system sufficient
reason not to adopt the scheme.  Yet, in order to solve the routing
scaling problem, we need pretty much all end-user networks, large and
small (who want multihoming, portability etc.) to adopt the one scheme.

  - Robin

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Subject: Re: [rrg] [Int-area] [lisp] Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to whether a WG forming BOF is necessary for LISP
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On Feb 2, 2009, at 9:18 PM, Robin Whittle wrote:

> Some of this discussion about the merits of LISP-ALT and of other
> schemes is only happening on the RRG list and so is not on the other
> lists crossposted in this reply.
>

Can people please stop posting this discussion to 4 lists.

Regards
Marshall

>  http://www.irtf.org/pipermail/rrg/
>
>
> Hi Brian,
>
> You wrote, in part:
>
>> 1. Large companies with their own international networks will
>> surely never adopt a solution which doesn't allow them to have
>> a straightforward, consistent and 100% internally managed
>> addressing plan.
>
> I agree.  In my view, this means they want and need portable address
> space.  I think placing "portable" anywhere near "address" in a
> sentence makes some peoples' teeth itch, including especially
> yourself!  But I think this is what networks want and need: stable
> public address space they retain for year after year, and can use via
> any ISP, ideally being able to split it up very finely between
> multiple ISPs and to change which ISP they use it with - quickly and
> with little cost to themselves or other people.
>
> The core-edge separation schemes LISP, APT and Ivip all provide
> portable address space, like PI space, but not handled directly by
> BGP, not obtained in necessarily big chunks and probably obtained
> from some company or other organisation, rather than directly from an
> RIR.
>
> Also, this new kind of space (I call it Scalable PI space) can be
> sliced up much more finely by the scheme's mapping system, down to
> the individual IP address, compared to the administrative limits
> placed on BGP's finesse, such as /24 for IPv4.  (Ivip only goes to
> /64 resolution for IPv6.)  This space will have initial and ongoing
> costs, but it won't involve BGP expertise, BGP routers, being an AS  
> etc.
>
>
>> 2. They also won't adopt a solution in which local customers
>> experience world-crossing delays for accessing local sites.
>> They will use DNS tricks, redirects, CDNs, and overlay routing
>> to get round this.
>
> I agree.  This rules out the use of a core-edge separation scheme
> with a global query server system (LISP-CONS, LISP-ALT and TRRP).
> There are ways of caching the mapping closer to ITRs, but this raises
> problems.
>
>
>> It's to be hoped that loc/id solutions such as LISP will be viewed
>> as a help in this game rather than as a new enemy.
>
> I tend to think that HIP is a real locator ID separation system.  I
> don't think of LISP, APT or Ivip in these terms.
>
> I think "Core edge separation scheme" is a better general term for
> LISP, APT, Ivip and TRRP.  (Maybe RANGER too.)
>
> But I agree - if LISP-ALT only provides a global query server system
> and if it became "The Routing Scaling Solution" for solving the
> routing scaling problem, then I think many people would consider the
> delays and fragility of a global query server system sufficient
> reason not to adopt the scheme.  Yet, in order to solve the routing
> scaling problem, we need pretty much all end-user networks, large and
> small (who want multihoming, portability etc.) to adopt the one  
> scheme.
>
>  - Robin
>
> _______________________________________________
> routing-discussion mailing list
> routing-discussion@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/routing-discussion

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Subject: Re: [lisp] [rrg] Please respond: Questions from the IESG as to	whether a WG forming BOF is necessary for LISP
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On Feb 2, 2009, at 10:31 AM, David Meyer wrote:

>>>
>>> cant they? I thought one of the nice things about the loc/id  
>>> split was
>>> I could number my internals out of whatever I wanted, spread over
>>> creation and the attachment points were the only things that  
>>> required
>>> aggregation, no?
>>
>> Sure, but if one of your sites is in New Zealand, and has a prefix
>> where the physical ALT hierarchy is optimized for sites in Europe, a
>> source in New Zealand trying to contact your site would see more  
>> delay
>> during the Map-Request/Reply exchange, even though it they are in the
>> same town.  However, Map-Request/Reply exchanges don't happen very
>> often, and the delay will be low (round trip across the Internet).
>
> 	Or not at all if you're not the first folks communicating
> 	between the sites.

As dino said, you can.

Let's say the site was using 10/8

The xTR in Europe would advertise 10/8 into the ALT.
The xTR in NZ would advertise 10/8 into the ALT

If you're in NZ, your map-request would be routed over the ALT to  
that xTR
If you're in Europe, your map-request would be routed over the ALT to  
that xTR.

If it is desired, the EID owner can modify the RLOC advertisements so  
that
encapsulated data packets will go to the RLOC he wants them to.

If you want to move the EID-prefix to a different geographical  
location, (NZ to Timbuctu)
withdraw the route from NZ and start advertising it from Timbuctu.   
Yes the RLOC
will change.  The ALT hierarchy doesn't change.
--Apple-Mail-9--248800725
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<html><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">
<br><div><div>On Feb 2, 2009, at 10:31 AM, David Meyer wrote:</div><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><p style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px =
0.0px 20.0px; font: 10.0px Monaco; min-height: 14.0px"><br></p> <p =
style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 20.0px"><font face=3D"Monaco" =
size=3D"2" style=3D"font: 10.0px Monaco">cant they? I thought one of the =
nice things about the loc/id split was</font></p> <p style=3D"margin: =
0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 20.0px"><font face=3D"Monaco" size=3D"2" style=3D"font: =
10.0px Monaco">I could number my internals out of whatever I wanted, =
spread over</font></p> <p style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px =
20.0px"><font face=3D"Monaco" size=3D"2" style=3D"font: 10.0px =
Monaco">creation and the attachment points were the only things that =
required</font></p> <p style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 20.0px"><font =
face=3D"Monaco" size=3D"2" style=3D"font: 10.0px Monaco">aggregation, =
no?</font></p> </blockquote><p style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px =
10.0px; font: 10.0px Monaco; min-height: 14.0px"><br></p> <p =
style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px"><font face=3D"Monaco" =
size=3D"2" style=3D"font: 10.0px Monaco">Sure, but if one of your sites =
is in New Zealand, and has a prefix</font></p> <p style=3D"margin: 0.0px =
0.0px 0.0px 10.0px"><font face=3D"Monaco" size=3D"2" style=3D"font: =
10.0px Monaco">where the physical ALT hierarchy is optimized for sites =
in Europe, a</font></p> <p style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px =
10.0px"><font face=3D"Monaco" size=3D"2" style=3D"font: 10.0px =
Monaco">source in New Zealand trying to contact your site would see more =
delay</font></p> <p style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px"><font =
face=3D"Monaco" size=3D"2" style=3D"font: 10.0px Monaco">during the =
Map-Request/Reply exchange, even though it they are in the</font></p> <p =
style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px"><font face=3D"Monaco" =
size=3D"2" style=3D"font: 10.0px Monaco">same town.<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </span>However, Map-Request/Reply =
exchanges don't happen very</font></p> <p style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px =
0.0px 10.0px"><font face=3D"Monaco" size=3D"2" style=3D"font: 10.0px =
Monaco">often, and the delay will be low (round trip across the =
Internet).</font></p> </blockquote><p style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px =
0.0px; font: 10.0px Monaco; min-height: 14.0px"><br></p> <p =
style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><font face=3D"Monaco" size=3D"2"=
 style=3D"font: 10.0px Monaco"><span class=3D"Apple-tab-span" =
style=3D"white-space:pre">	</span>Or not at all if you're not the =
first folks communicating</font></p> <p style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px =
0.0px 0.0px"><font face=3D"Monaco" size=3D"2" style=3D"font: 10.0px =
Monaco"><span class=3D"Apple-tab-span" style=3D"white-space:pre">	=
</span>between the sites.</font></p> </blockquote></div><br><div>As dino =
said, you can.</div><div><br></div><div>Let's say the site was using =
10/8</div><div><br></div><div>The xTR in Europe would advertise 10/8 =
into the ALT.</div><div>The xTR in NZ would advertise 10/8 into the =
ALT</div><div><br></div><div>If you're in NZ, your map-request would be =
routed over the ALT to that xTR</div><div>If you're in Europe, your =
map-request would be routed over the ALT to that =
xTR.</div><div><br></div><div>If it is desired, the EID owner can modify =
the RLOC advertisements so that</div><div>encapsulated data packets will =
go to the RLOC he wants them to.</div><div><br></div><div>If you want to =
move the EID-prefix to a different geographical location, (NZ to =
Timbuctu)</div><div>withdraw=A0the route from NZ and start advertising =
it from Timbuctu. =A0Yes the RLOC</div><div>will change. =A0The =
ALT=A0hierarchy=A0doesn't change.</div></body></html>=

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Subject: Resend: RANGER BOF - call for participation
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Thread-Topic: Resend: RANGER BOF - call for participation
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From: "Templin, Fred L" <Fred.L.Templin@boeing.com>
To: "RRG" <rrg@irtf.org>, <int-area@ietf.org>, <routing-discussion@ietf.org>,  <ranger@ietf.org>
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Please see below for a resend of the IETF74 RANGER BOF
call for participation, including a link for subscribing
to the 'ranger@ietf.org' list which is now active. Please
post further discussion to 'ranger@ietf.org'.

Thanks - Fred
fred.l.templin@boeing.com

-----Original Message-----
From: Templin, Fred L 
Sent: Friday, January 30, 2009 1:21 PM
To: rrg@irtf.org; int-area@ietf.org
Subject: [Int-area] RANGER BOF - call for participation

A community of interest is being formed to gauge
whether there is sufficient interest to host a BOF
on "Routing and Addressing in Next-Generation
EnteRprises (RANGER)" at IETF74.

Please see below for proposed BOF agenda, and comment
on the RRG and int-area lists while we wait for the
ranger list to come up.

Fred Templin
fred.l.templin@boeing.com



Routing and Addressing in Next-Generation EnteRprises (RANGER) BOF
===================================================================

Chairs:  TBD

Reponsible AD:  TBD (INT Area; Routing Area)

Mailing List:  ranger at ietf.org
To Subscribe: https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ranger
Archive: http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ranger

Duration:  2 hours

Expected Attendance: 50

Conflicts: LISP BOF, NAT66 BOF, int-area open meeting,
           IRTF rrg meeting

Summary
=======

RANGER [1] is a scalable architecture for routing and
addressing in next-generation enterprise networks, where
an "enterprise" [2] can be as small as a SOHO network,
as dynamic as a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) [3] or as
large as the global Internet itself [4]. The architecture
is manifested through Virtual Enterprise Traversal (VET)
[5], in which IP-in-IP encapsulation provides a virtual
view of each enterprise as a Non-Broadcast, Multiple-
Access (NBMA) link.

RANGER is recursive, in that multiple enterprises can be
joined together in a nested "enterprise-within-enterprise"
fashion. In this way, the same RANGER principles that
apply in lower levels of recursion can extend upwards
to parent enterprises and ultimately to the core of the
global Internet itself. Furthermore, it is also worth
considering whether today's global Internet represents a
limiting condition for recursion, or if other Internets
could be manifested as "parallel universes" and joined
together at still higher levels of recursion.

The RANGER architecture is manifested through composite
technologies including Virtual Enterprise Traversal (VET),
the Subnetwork Encapsulation and Adaptation Layer (SEAL)
[6], the Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol
(ISATAP) [7], and many others. Noting that combinations
with other technologies are also possible, the issues
addressed either in full or in part by RANGER include:

- IPv6/IPv4 coexistence and transition
- scalable routing and addressing
- provider-independent addressing and its
  relation to provide-aggregated addressing
- site mobility and multi-homing
- ingress filtering for multi-homed sites
- address and prefix autoconfiguration
- border router discovery
- router-to-router tunneling
- neighbor discovery over tunnels
- MTU determination for tunnels.

As seen in the above list, the RANGER architecture
provides a framework for addressing a broad range of
problem areas that currently limit the functionality,
growth and maturation of today's Internet. Therefore,
it is the purpose of this BOF to discuss the formation
of an IETF WG to produce the following work items:

1) An Informational RFC describing the RANGER architecture.
   This document to provide a high-level overview of the
   RANGER enterprise-within-enterprise framework, its
   constituent technologies, and its domain of
   applicability.

2) An RFC specification of Virtual Enterprise Traversal
   (VET). This document to specify the inner workings of
   IP-in-IP encapsulation and its associated mechanisms
   within the RANGER context.

3) An RFC specification of the Subnetwork Encapsulation
   and Adaptation Layer (SEAL). This document to specify
   an encapsulation sublayer used to provide enhanced
   packet identification and tunnel MTU robustness.

4) Other work items within scope as determined, e.g.,
   by working group/BOF consensus, etc.

Agenda
======

- Administrivia (Chairs, 5 min)

- Purpose of BOF (Chairs, 10 min) [see above]

- Routing and Addressing in Next Generation EnteRprises
  (RANGER) (20 min)

- Virtual Enterprise Traversal (VET) (20 min)

- Subnetwork Encapsulation and Adaptation Layer (SEAL)
  (20 min)

- Proposed Charter (Chairs, 10 min)

- Questions/Next Steps (Chairs, 30 min)


Documents:
==========

[1] Templin, F., "Routing and Addressing in Next-Generation
    EnteRprises (RANGER), 'draft-templin-ranger',
    work-in-progress, January 2009.

[2] Bound, J., et. al., "IPv6 Enterprise Network Analysis -
    IP Layer 3 Focus", IETF RFC 4852, April 2007.

[3] Corson, S., et. al., "Mobile Ad hoc Networking (MANET):
    Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation
    Considerations", IETF RFC 2501, January 1999.

[4] IRTF Routing Research Group, http://www.irtf.org/rrg

[5] Templin, F., "Virtual Enterprise Traversal (VET)",
    'draft-templin-autoconf-dhcp', work-in-progress,
    January 2009.

[6] Templin, F., "Subnetwork Encapsulation and Adaptation
    Layer (SEAL)", 'draft-templin-seal', work-in-progress,
    December 2009.

[7] Templin, F., et. al., "Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel
    Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)", IETF RFC 5214, March 2008. 
_______________________________________________
Int-area mailing list
Int-area@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/int-area
_______________________________________________
routing-discussion mailing list
routing-discussion@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/routing-discussion

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Subject: New Book -- GUIDE TO WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS (Springer)
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GUIDE TO WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS

S. Misra, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India; S.C. Misra, Stat=
e University of New York, NY, USA; I. Woungang, Ryerson University, ON, Can=
ada (Eds.)

2009. XVI, 527 p. 190 illus. (Computer Communications and Networks) Hardcov=
er
* 69,95 =E2=82=AC
* $89.95
* SFr. 116.50
* =C2=A345.00
ISBN 978-1-84800-908-0

Wireless mesh networks (WMN) is considered to be a key technology for futur=
e generation wireless networks. However even though WMNs hold great promise=
s for our future, there are several challenges that need to be addressed. T=
his handbook provides a comprehensive guide on new ideas and results in wir=
eless mesh networks research. Written by some of the prominent researchers =
in this field, this book provides an invaluable reference to the state-of-t=
he-art in WMS for researchers and practitioners. It is also an
ideal text for graduate students wishing to learn more about the topic.... =
more on http://springer.com/978-1-84800-908-0
* Provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art on the hot topi=
c of wireless mesh networks=20
* The reader-friendly style includes discussions for practitioners,
directions for future research, a list of terms and definitions and summary=
 questions within chapters to support the reader=20
* Written by prominent researchers within the
field=20
* Each chapter contains in-depth discussion sections on thoughts for practi=
tioners and directions for future research=20
* Includes a list of important terms and their definitions for each chapter=
=20
* Offers a set of ten questions (both numeric and nonnumeric) that will hel=
p readers to assess their understanding of the various concepts at
the end of each chapter=20
* Supplementary PowerPoint slides are available

More on http://springer.com/978-1-84800-908-0

Available for purchase from:

Springer.com
http://www.springer.com/computer/communications/book/978-1-84800-908-0

Amazon.com (US customers):=20
http://www.amazon.com/Guide-Wireless-Networks-Computer-Communications/dp/18=
48009089/ref=3Dsr_1_4?ie=3DUTF8&s=3Dbooks&qid=3D1231570113&sr=3D8-4

Amazon.ca (Canadian customers):
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Amazon.co.uk (UK Customers):
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Amazon.co.jp (Japanese customers):
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1848009089/ref=3Dsr_1_1?ie=3DUTF8&s=3Denglish-books&qid=3D1231570922&sr=3D8=
-1

Chapters.indigo.ca (Canadian customers):
http://www.chapters.indigo.ca/books/Guide-to-Wireless-Mesh-Networks-Sudip-M=
isra/9781848009080-item.html?ref=3DSearch+Books%3a+%2527sudip+misra%2527&st=
erm=3Dsudip+misra+-+Books

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ss_Mesh_Networks.html

=0A=0A=0A      


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GUIDE TO WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS

S. Misra, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India; S.C. Misra, Stat=
e University of New York, NY, USA; I. Woungang, Ryerson University, ON, Can=
ada (Eds.)

2009. XVI, 527 p. 190 illus. (Computer Communications and Networks) Hardcov=
er
* 69,95 =E2=82=AC
* $89.95
* SFr. 116.50
* =C2=A345.00
ISBN 978-1-84800-908-0

Wireless mesh networks (WMN) is considered to be a key technology for futur=
e generation wireless networks. However even though WMNs hold great promise=
s for our future, there are several challenges that need to be addressed. T=
his handbook provides a comprehensive guide on new ideas and results in wir=
eless mesh networks research. Written by some of the prominent researchers =
in this field, this book provides an invaluable reference to the state-of-t=
he-art in WMS for researchers and practitioners. It is also an
ideal text for graduate students wishing to learn more about the topic.... =
more on http://springer.com/978-1-84800-908-0
* Provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art on the hot topi=
c of wireless mesh networks=20
* The reader-friendly style includes discussions for practitioners,
directions for future research, a list of terms and definitions and summary=
 questions within chapters to support the reader=20
* Written by prominent researchers within the
field=20
* Each chapter contains in-depth discussion sections on thoughts for practi=
tioners and directions for future research=20
* Includes a list of important terms and their definitions for each chapter=
=20
* Offers a set of ten questions (both numeric and nonnumeric) that will hel=
p readers to assess their understanding of the various concepts at
the end of each chapter=20
* Supplementary PowerPoint slides are available

More on http://springer.com/978-1-84800-908-0

Available for purchase from:

Springer.com
http://www.springer.com/computer/communications/book/978-1-84800-908-0

Amazon.com (US customers):=20
http://www.amazon.com/Guide-Wireless-Networks-Computer-Communications/dp/18=
48009089/ref=3Dsr_1_4?ie=3DUTF8&s=3Dbooks&qid=3D1231570113&sr=3D8-4

Amazon.ca (Canadian customers):
http://www.amazon.ca/Guide-Wireless-Networks-Sudip-Misra/dp/1848009089/ref=
=3Dpd_rhf_p_t_1

Amazon.co.uk (UK Customers):
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Guide-Wireless-Networks-Computer-Communications/dp/=
1848009089

Amazon.de (German customers):
http://www.amazon.de/Guide-Wireless-Networks-Computer-Communications/dp/ima=
ges/1848009089

Amazon.co.jp (Japanese customers):
http://www.amazon.co.jp/Guide-Wireless-Networks-Computer-Communications/dp/=
1848009089/ref=3Dsr_1_1?ie=3DUTF8&s=3Denglish-books&qid=3D1231570922&sr=3D8=
-1

Chapters.indigo.ca (Canadian customers):
http://www.chapters.indigo.ca/books/Guide-to-Wireless-Mesh-Networks-Sudip-M=
isra/9781848009080-item.html?ref=3DSearch+Books%3a+%2527sudip+misra%2527&st=
erm=3Dsudip+misra+-+Books

Powell's books:
https://www.powells.com/biblio/72-9781848009080-0

Hotbooksale.com:
https://www.hotbooksale.com/p732766/Guide-to-Wireless-Mesh-Networks.html

Infibeam.com (Indian customers):
http://www.infibeam.com/Books/info/Sudip-Misra/Guide-to-Wireless-Mesh-Netwo=
rks/1848009089.html

Bestwebbuys.com
http://www.bestwebbuys.com/Guide_to_Wireless_Mesh_Networks-ISBN_97818480090=
80.html?isrc=3Db-search

Biggerbooks.com
http://www.biggerbooks.com/bk_detail.aspx?ISBN=3D9781848009080

Booktopia.com
http://www.booktopia.com.au/guide-to-wireless-mesh-networks/prod97818480090=
80.html

Allbookstores.com
http://www.allbookstores.com/book/9781848009080/Sudip_Misra/Guide_To_Wirele=
ss_Mesh_Networks.html

=0A=0A=0A      


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Subject: FW: I-D Action:draft-templin-ranger-07.txt 
Date: Fri, 6 Feb 2009 17:48:39 -0800
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Thread-Topic: I-D Action:draft-templin-ranger-07.txt 
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From: "Templin, Fred L" <Fred.L.Templin@boeing.com>
To: "RRG" <rrg@irtf.org>, <int-area@ietf.org>, <routing-discussion@ietf.org>,  <ranger@ietf.org>
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FYI, the RANGER specification has been updated based
on review input (see below). Comments to the list or
to the author welcome.

Fred Templin
fred.l.templin@boeing.com

-----Original Message-----
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org [mailto:Internet-Drafts@ietf.org]=20
Sent: Friday, February 06, 2009 5:45 PM
To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
Subject: I-D Action:draft-templin-ranger-07.txt=20

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
directories.

	Title           : Routing and Addressing in Next-Generation
EnteRprises (RANGER)
	Author(s)       : F. Templin
	Filename        : draft-templin-ranger-07.txt
	Pages           : 25
	Date            : 2009-02-06

RANGER is an architectural framework for scalable routing and
addressing in next generation enterprise networks.  The term
"enterprise network" within this context extends to a wide variety of
use cases and deployment scenarios, where an "enterprise" can be as
small as a SOHO network, as dynamic as a Mobile Ad-hoc Network, as
complex as a multi-organizational corporation, or as large as the
global Internet itself.  Such networks will require an architected
solution for the coordination of routing and addressing plans with
accommodations for scalability, provider-independence, mobility,
multi-homing and security.  These considerations are particularly
true for existing deployments, but the same principles apply even for
clean-slate approaches.  The RANGER architecture addresses these
requirements, and provides a comprehensive framework for IPv6/IPv4
coexistence.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-templin-ranger-07.txt

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/

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