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Date: Fri, 03 Jan 2014 13:57:05 +0000
From: Stewart Bryant <stbryant@cisco.com>
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To: Bharath R <rbharath@juniper.net>, "rtgwg@ietf.org" <rtgwg@ietf.org>, "draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org" <draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org>,  "imc.shand@gmail.com" <imc.shand@gmail.com>, "cfilsfil@cisco.com" <cfilsfil@cisco.com>, "sprevidi@cisco.com" <sprevidi@cisco.com>, "Ning.So@tatacommunications.com" <Ning.So@tatacommunications.com>
Subject: Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.
References: <9ecf740f25084ccd9834ffb0a63e60e2@BY2PR05MB568.namprd05.prod.outlook.com>
In-Reply-To: <9ecf740f25084ccd9834ffb0a63e60e2@BY2PR05MB568.namprd05.prod.outlook.com>
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On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:
> Hi,
> I have a query on cost based formula for finding Extended P-space.
> The current formula applies to Node y that is
> 1). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) 
> + D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))

Bharath

I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or your code?

Also the example below has been corrupted.

Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA solutions, but
it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies other than
by accident.

Stewart



> I guess the rationale behind the current formula is that the packet on 
> the LDP tunnel should not traverse the ProtectedLink.
> But, please consider the following toplogy.
> A2àB cost is 5 and A2àS cost is 3; (Both only in the direction as 
> indicated., the other direction cost is unity)
> All other costs are unity.
> Following the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup neighbors(with 
> P-Space B and C).
> However, an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S, taking A2àSàA1 
> path.
>   |-------------|
>     |     S       |
>     |-------------|
>       |      |      |
>     |      |      |
> |      |      |ProtectedLink
>     |      |      |
>         |      |      |
>                                                  | |      |
> ---------------      |      ----------------
> |                       |                          |
> |                       |                          |
> |                       |                          |
> |                       |                          |
> |                        |5                        |
> |-----------|         |-----------|        |-----------|
>                                             |     A1 |         |    
> A2     |        |     E       |
> |-----------|         |-----------|        |-----------|
>                                                   | 
>                                               |
> |                                                |
> |                                                    |
> |                                                   |
> |                                                   |
>                                |-----------|                 |-----------|
>                                             |     B |                  
>               |     D    |
> |-----------|                                |-----------|
> |                                                  |
> |                                                  |
> |                  |-----------|              |
> |--------------|     C      |-----------|
>      |-----------|
> How about using the following basic formula instead?
> 2). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))
> Advantages:
>
>   * The formula two ensures that the packet does not loopback to S.
>   * Also as per my understanding, if there is Neighbor Ni that
>     satisfies 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies that there is
>     definitely one more Neigbhro Nj which satisfies 1) both 1) and 2).
>
> (Because if there is a neighbor satisfying 1) and not satisfy 2), then 
> the packet will loopback via some other neighbor which satisfies 2)).
>
> Given that formula 2) ensures that we don't select any neighbor which 
> simply loopbacks the packet to the source and forwards via other 
> viable Neighbor, it will be more advantageous to employ Formula 2).
> Please let me know if I am missing something, or if there is a good 
> use case that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in this example, over 
> backup neighbor A1.(Given that traffic will exit via A1 anyway).
> Thanks and Regards,
> Bharath R.


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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:9ecf740f25084ccd9834ffb0a63e60e2@BY2PR05MB568.namprd05.prod.outlook.com"
      type="cite">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
        charset=ISO-8859-1">
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      <!-- converted from rtf -->
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      <font face="Calibri" size="3"><span style="font-size:12pt;">
          <div>Hi,</div>
          <div>I have a query on cost based formula for finding Extended
            P-space.</div>
          <div>The current formula applies to Node y that is </div>
          <div>1). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S,
            Protected_link.RemoteNode) +
            D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))</div>
        </span></font></blockquote>
    <br>
    Bharath<br>
    <br>
    I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or your
    code?<br>
    <br>
    Also the example below has been corrupted.<br>
    <br>
    Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA solutions,
    but<br>
    it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies other
    than<br>
    by accident.<br>
    <br>
    Stewart<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:9ecf740f25084ccd9834ffb0a63e60e2@BY2PR05MB568.namprd05.prod.outlook.com"
      type="cite"><font face="Calibri" size="3"><span
          style="font-size:12pt;">
          <div>&nbsp;</div>
          <div>I guess the rationale behind the current formula is that
            the packet on the LDP tunnel should not traverse the
            ProtectedLink.</div>
          <div>&nbsp;</div>
          <div>&nbsp;</div>
          <div>But, please consider the following toplogy.</div>
          <div>A2<font face="Wingdings">&agrave;</font>B cost is 5 and A2<font
              face="Wingdings">&agrave;</font>S cost is 3; (Both only in the
            direction as indicated., the other direction cost is unity)</div>
          <div>All other costs are unity.</div>
          <div>Following the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup
            neighbors(with P-Space B and C).</div>
          <div>However, an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S,
            taking A2<font face="Wingdings">&agrave;</font>S<font
              face="Wingdings">&agrave;</font>A1 path.</div>
          <div>&nbsp;</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp; |-------------|</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |ProtectedLink</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            ---------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ----------------</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A1&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp; </div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;
          </div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |--------------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</div>
          <div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </div>
          <div><font size="2"><span style="font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</span></font></div>
          <div>How about using the following basic formula instead?</div>
          <div>2). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))</div>
          <div>&nbsp;</div>
          <div>&nbsp;</div>
          <div>Advantages:</div>
          <ul style="margin:0;padding-left:36pt;">
            <li>The formula two ensures that the packet does not
              loopback to S.</li>
            <li>Also as per my understanding, if there is Neighbor Ni
              that satisfies 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies
              that there is definitely one more Neigbhro Nj which
              satisfies 1) both 1) and 2).</li>
          </ul>
          <div style="padding-left:36pt;">(Because if there is a
            neighbor satisfying 1) and not satisfy 2), then the packet
            will loopback via some other neighbor which satisfies 2)).</div>
          <div><font size="2"><span style="font-size:11pt;"><br>
                <font size="3"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Given that
                    formula 2) ensures that we don&#8217;t select any neighbor
                    which simply loopbacks the packet to the source and
                    forwards via other viable Neighbor, it will be more
                    advantageous to employ Formula 2).</span></font></span></font></div>
          <div>&nbsp;</div>
          <div>Please let me know if I am missing something, or if there
            is a good use case that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in
            this example, over backup neighbor A1.(Given that traffic
            will exit via A1 anyway).</div>
          <div><font size="2"><span style="font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</span></font></div>
          <div><font size="2"><span style="font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</span></font></div>
          <div><font size="2"><span style="font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</span></font></div>
          <div><font size="2"><span style="font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</span></font></div>
          <div>Thanks and Regards,</div>
          <div>Bharath R<font size="2"><span style="font-size:11pt;">.</span></font></div>
          <div><font size="2"><span style="font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</span></font></div>
        </span></font>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
For corporate legal information go to:

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From: Bharath R <rbharath@juniper.net>
To: "stbryant@cisco.com" <stbryant@cisco.com>, "rtgwg@ietf.org" <rtgwg@ietf.org>, "draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org" <draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org>, "imc.shand@gmail.com" <imc.shand@gmail.com>, "cfilsfil@cisco.com" <cfilsfil@cisco.com>, "sprevidi@cisco.com" <sprevidi@cisco.com>, "Ning.So@tatacommunications.com" <Ning.So@tatacommunications.com>
Subject: RE: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.
Thread-Topic: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.
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Thank you for your reply Stuart

Sorry, the formula is not verbatim from the draft, but if you refer to the =
formula in
Compute_Extended_P_Space()snippet
in the http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04,

you will find that the formula used maps to
D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) + D_opt(=
Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))
Here:
S : Source Node.
Ni:  Neighbor,
D_opt(x, y): Optimal distance from x to y.

Sorry for the corruption in topology. I am recreating it here:
and A2-->S cost is 5; (Only in the direction as indicated., the other direc=
tion cost is unity)
All other costs are unity.


                                                                  |--------=
-----|
                                                                  |        =
S       |
                                                                  |--------=
-----|
                                                                   |      |=
       |
                                                                   |      |=
       |ProtectedLink
                                                                   |      |=
       |
                                                                   |      |=
       |
                                                  ---------------     |    =
  ----------------
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
5                        |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                            |     A1    |          |    A2 =
    |        |     E       |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                            |-----------|                  =
             |-----------|
                                            |     B       |                =
                |     D      |
                                            |-----------|                  =
              |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                  |-----=
------|              |
                                                  |--------------|     C   =
   |-----------|
                                                                      |----=
-------|

Yes, even I am not sure of the practicality of the above topology,
But, my only point was that we have a simpler,
easier to use formula:
D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))
to find viable backups Neighbors to reach P-Space.
Further, the formula does not result in exclusion of any viable Neighbor th=
at loop-back to the source.

Would be great if you can comment on that.

Thanks and Regards,
Bharath R.

From: Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
Sent: Friday, January 03, 2014 7:27 PM
To: Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org; =
imc.shand@gmail.com; cfilsfil@cisco.com; sprevidi@cisco.com; Ning.So@tataco=
mmunications.com
Subject: Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.

On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:
Hi,
I have a query on cost based formula for finding Extended P-space.
The current formula applies to Node y that is
1). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) + D_=
opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))

Bharath

I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or your code?

Also the example below has been corrupted.

Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA solutions, but
it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies other than
by accident.

Stewart





I guess the rationale behind the current formula is that the packet on the =
LDP tunnel should not traverse the ProtectedLink.


But, please consider the following toplogy.
A2-->B cost is 5 and A2-->S cost is 3; (Both only in the direction as indic=
ated., the other direction cost is unity)
All other costs are unity.
Following the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup neighbors(with P-Sp=
ace B and C).
However, an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S, taking A2-->S-->A1 =
path.

                                                                 |---------=
----|
                                                                  |     S  =
     |
                                                                  |--------=
-----|
                                                                    |      =
|      |
                                                                   |      |=
      |
                                                                    |      =
|      |ProtectedLink
                                                                   |      |=
      |
                                                                    |      =
|      |
                                                 |      |      |
                                                  ---------------      |   =
   ----------------
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                        =
|5                        |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                            |     A1   |         |    A2   =
  |        |     E       |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                        |
                                                  |                        =
                            |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                               |-----------|                          |----=
-------|
                                            |     B       |                =
                |     D    |
                                            |-----------|                  =
              |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                  |-----=
------|              |
                                                  |--------------|     C   =
   |-----------|
                                                                       |---=
--------|

How about using the following basic formula instead?
2). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))


Advantages:
=B7         The formula two ensures that the packet does not loopback to S.
=B7         Also as per my understanding, if there is Neighbor Ni that sati=
sfies 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies that there is definitely one =
more Neigbhro Nj which satisfies 1) both 1) and 2).
(Because if there is a neighbor satisfying 1) and not satisfy 2), then the =
packet will loopback via some other neighbor which satisfies 2)).

Given that formula 2) ensures that we don't select any neighbor which simpl=
y loopbacks the packet to the source and forwards via other viable Neighbor=
, it will be more advantageous to employ Formula 2).

Please let me know if I am missing something, or if there is a good use cas=
e that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in this example, over backup neighbor =
A1.(Given that traffic will exit via A1 anyway).




Thanks and Regards,
Bharath R.





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<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body bgcolor=3D"white" lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thank you for your reply =
Stuart<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Sorry, the formula is not=
 verbatim from the draft, but if you refer to the formula in
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
Compute_Extended_P_Space()snippet
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
in the </span><a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote=
-lfa-04">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04</a><span=
 style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
you will find that the formula used maps to<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Protected=
_link.RemoteNode) &#43; D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Here:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">S : Source Node.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Ni: &nbsp;Neighbor,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(x, y): Optimal distance from x to y.<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Sorry for the corruption in topology. I am recreating it=
 here:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">and A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</=
span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"=
>S cost is 5; (Only in the direction as indicated., the other direction cos=
t is unity)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">All other costs are unity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|-------------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|ProtectedLink<o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; ---------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; ----------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|5=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; A1&nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp=
;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; B&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
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;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |--------------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;=
&nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
Yes, even I am not sure of the practicality of the above topology,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
But, my only point was that we have a simpler,
<br>
easier to use formula:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Y))<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
to find viable backups Neighbors to reach P-Space.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
Further, the formula does not result in exclusion of any viable Neighbor th=
at loop-back to the source.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
Would be great if you can comment on that.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
Thanks and Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
Bharath R.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">=
<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">From:</span></b><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif=
&quot;;color:windowtext"> Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 03, 2014 7:27 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.iet=
f.org; imc.shand@gmail.com; cfilsfil@cisco.com; sprevidi@cisco.com; Ning.So=
@tatacommunications.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-S=
pace.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">I have a query on cost based formula for finding Extende=
d P-space.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">The current formula applies to Node y that is
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">1). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Prote=
cted_link.RemoteNode) &#43; D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br>
Bharath<br>
<br>
I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or your code?<br>
<br>
Also the example below has been corrupted.<br>
<br>
Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA solutions, but<br>
it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies other than<br>
by accident.<br>
<br>
Stewart<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">I guess the rationale behind the current formula is that=
 the packet on the LDP tunnel should not traverse the ProtectedLink.<o:p></=
o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">But, please consider the following toplogy.<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span=
><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">B c=
ost is 5 and A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span><span=
 style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S
 cost is 3; (Both only in the direction as indicated., the other direction =
cost is unity)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">All other costs are unity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Following the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup =
neighbors(with P-Space B and C).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">However, an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S, =
taking A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span><span style=
=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S</span><span s=
tyle=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;C=
alibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">A1
 path.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |ProtectedLink<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></=
o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; ---------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ----------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |=
5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; A1&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; A2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &=
nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; B&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |--------------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;=
&nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"font-family=
:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">How about using the following basic formula instead?<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">2). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Y))<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Advantages:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-a=
lt:auto;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><s=
pan style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New =
Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quo=
t;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The formula two ensures that the packet does not=
 loopback to S.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-a=
lt:auto;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><s=
pan style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New =
Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quo=
t;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Also as per my understanding, if there is Neighb=
or Ni that satisfies 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies that there is =
definitely one more Neigbhro Nj which satisfies 1) both
 1) and 2).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">(Because if there is a neighbor satisfying 1) and not sa=
tisfy 2), then the packet will loopback via some other neighbor which satis=
fies 2)).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><br>
</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot=
;">Given that formula 2) ensures that we don&#8217;t select any neighbor wh=
ich simply loopbacks the packet to the source and forwards via other viable=
 Neighbor, it will be more advantageous to employ Formula 2).<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Please let me know if I am missing something, or if ther=
e is a good use case that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in this example, ov=
er backup neighbor A1.(Given that traffic will exit via
 A1 anyway).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"font-family=
:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"font-family=
:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"font-family=
:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"font-family=
:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Thanks and Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Bharath R</span><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-fam=
ily:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">.</span><span style=3D"font=
-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"font-family=
:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>For corporate legal information go to:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre><a href=3D"http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/ind=
ex.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html=
</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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From stbryant@cisco.com  Fri Jan  3 09:03:53 2014
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Date: Fri, 03 Jan 2014 17:03:36 +0000
From: Stewart Bryant <stbryant@cisco.com>
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To: Bharath R <rbharath@juniper.net>, "rtgwg@ietf.org" <rtgwg@ietf.org>, "draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org" <draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org>,  "imc.shand@gmail.com" <imc.shand@gmail.com>, "cfilsfil@cisco.com" <cfilsfil@cisco.com>, "sprevidi@cisco.com" <sprevidi@cisco.com>, "Ning.So@tatacommunications.com" <Ning.So@tatacommunications.com>
Subject: Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.
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The purpose of the two protected link terms was to
make sure that there was no attempt to reach PQ via
that link. If we remove them we need to make sure
that no topology will cause that path to be taken,
and I think that your equation could fail on that
account.

I need to think about this some more, but
even if A2 is in P space, it is not in D's
Qspace so surely the point is moot?

- Stewart

On 03/01/2014 14:40, Bharath R wrote:
>
> Thank you for your reply Stuart
>
> Sorry, the formula is not verbatim from the draft, but if you refer to 
> the formula in
>
> Compute_Extended_P_Space()snippet
>
> in the http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04,
>
> you will find that the formula used maps to
>
> D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) + 
> D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))
>
> Here:
>
> S : Source Node.
>
> Ni:  Neighbor,
>
> D_opt(x, y): Optimal distance from x to y.
>
> Sorry for the corruption in topology. I am recreating it here:
>
> and A2àS cost is 5; (Only in the direction as indicated., the other 
> direction cost is unity)
>
> All other costs are unity.
>
>    |-------------|
>
>     |        S       |
>
>     |-------------|
>
>     |      |       |
>
>                                                                    | 
> |       |ProtectedLink
>
>     |      |       |
>
>        |      |       |
>
> ---------------     |      ----------------
>
> |                       |                          |
>
> |                       |                          |
>
> |                       |                          |
>
> |                       |5                        |
>
> |-----------|         |-----------|        |-----------|
>
> |     A1    |          |    A2     |        |     E       |
>
> |-----------|         |-----------|        |-----------|
>
> |                                                   |
>
> |                                                   |
>
> |                                                   |
>
>                             |-----------|                      
> |-----------|
>
> |     B       |                                |     D  |
>
> |-----------|                                |-----------|
>
> |                                                  |
>
> |                                                  |
>
> |                  |-----------|              |
>
> |--------------|     C      |-----------|
>
>     |-----------|
>
> Yes, even I am not sure of the practicality of the above topology,
>
> But, my only point was that we have a simpler,
> easier to use formula:
>
> D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))
>
> to find viable backups Neighbors to reach P-Space.
>
> Further, the formula does not result in exclusion of any viable 
> Neighbor that loop-back to the source.
>
> Would be great if you can comment on that.
>
> Thanks and Regards,
>
> Bharath R.
>
> *From:*Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
> *Sent:* Friday, January 03, 2014 7:27 PM
> *To:* Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org; 
> draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org; imc.shand@gmail.com; 
> cfilsfil@cisco.com; sprevidi@cisco.com; Ning.So@tatacommunications.com
> *Subject:* Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended 
> P-Space.
>
> On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:
>
>     Hi,
>
>     I have a query on cost based formula for finding Extended P-space.
>
>     The current formula applies to Node y that is
>
>     1). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S,
>     Protected_link.RemoteNode) + D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))
>
>
> Bharath
>
> I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or your code?
>
> Also the example below has been corrupted.
>
> Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA solutions, but
> it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies other than
> by accident.
>
> Stewart
>
>
>
>
> I guess the rationale behind the current formula is that the packet on 
> the LDP tunnel should not traverse the ProtectedLink.
>
> But, please consider the following toplogy.
>
> A2àB cost is 5 and A2àS cost is 3; (Both only in the direction as 
> indicated., the other direction cost is unity)
>
> All other costs are unity.
>
> Following the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup neighbors(with 
> P-Space B and C).
>
> However, an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S, taking A2àSàA1 
> path.
>
>   |-------------|
>
>     |     S       |
>
>     |-------------|
>
>       |      |      |
>
>     |      |      |
>
> |      |      |ProtectedLink
>
>     |      |      |
>
>         |      |      |
>
>                          |      |      |
>
> ---------------      |      ----------------
>
> |                       |                          |
>
> |                       |                          |
>
> |                       |                          |
>
> |                       |                          |
>
> |                        |5                        |
>
> |-----------|         |-----------|        |-----------|
>
> |     A1   |         |    A2     |        |     E       |
>
> |-----------|         |-----------|        |-----------|
>
> |                                                   |
>
> |                                                |
>
> |                                                    |
>
> |                                                   |
>
> |                                                   |
>
>                |-----------| |-----------|
>
> |     B       |                                |     D |
>
> |-----------| |-----------|
>
> |                                                  |
>
> |                                                  |
>
> |                  |-----------|              |
>
> |--------------|     C      |-----------|
>
>      |-----------|
>
> How about using the following basic formula instead?
>
> 2). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))
>
> Advantages:
>
> ·The formula two ensures that the packet does not loopback to S.
>
> ·Also as per my understanding, if there is Neighbor Ni that satisfies 
> 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies that there is definitely one 
> more Neigbhro Nj which satisfies 1) both 1) and 2).
>
> (Because if there is a neighbor satisfying 1) and not satisfy 2), then 
> the packet will loopback via some other neighbor which satisfies 2)).
>
>
> Given that formula 2) ensures that we don't select any neighbor which 
> simply loopbacks the packet to the source and forwards via other 
> viable Neighbor, it will be more advantageous to employ Formula 2).
>
> Please let me know if I am missing something, or if there is a good 
> use case that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in this example, over 
> backup neighbor A1.(Given that traffic will exit via A1 anyway).
>
> Thanks and Regards,
>
> Bharath R.
>
>
>
>
> -- 
> For corporate legal information go to:
>   
> http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html
>   


-- 
For corporate legal information go to:

http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html


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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">The purpose of the two protected link
      terms was to<br>
      make sure that there was no attempt to reach PQ via<br>
      that link. If we remove them we need to make sure<br>
      that no topology will cause that path to be taken,<br>
      and I think that your equation could fail on that<br>
      account.<br>
      <br>
      I need to think about this some more, but<br>
      even if A2 is in P space, it is not in D's<br>
      Qspace so surely the point is moot?<br>
      <br>
      - Stewart<br>
      <br>
      On 03/01/2014 14:40, Bharath R wrote:<br>
    </div>
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      <div class="WordSection1">
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thank
            you for your reply Stuart<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Sorry,
            the formula is not verbatim from the draft, but if you refer
            to the formula in
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;">Compute_Extended_P_Space()snippet
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;">in the </span><a moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04</a><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">,
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;">you will find that the formula used maps to<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(Ni,
            Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode)
            + D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Here:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S
            : Source Node.
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Ni:
            &nbsp;Neighbor,
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(x,
            y): Optimal distance from x to y.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Sorry
            for the corruption in topology. I am recreating it here:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">and
            A2</span><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&agrave;</span><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S
            cost is 5; (Only in the direction as indicated., the other
            direction cost is unity)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">All
            other costs are unity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp; &nbsp;|-------------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|ProtectedLink<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            ---------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ----------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A1&nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;|&nbsp;
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            |--------------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;">Yes, even I am not sure of the practicality of
            the above topology,
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;">But, my only point was that we have a simpler,
            <br>
            easier to use formula:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(Ni,
            Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;">to find viable backups Neighbors to reach
            P-Space.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;">Further, the formula does not result in exclusion
            of any viable Neighbor that loop-back to the source.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;">Would be great if you can comment on that.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;">Thanks and Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;">Bharath R.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <div>
          <div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF
            1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">
                Stewart Bryant [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:stbryant@cisco.com">mailto:stbryant@cisco.com</a>]
                <br>
                <b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 03, 2014 7:27 PM<br>
                <b>To:</b> Bharath R; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org">rtgwg@ietf.org</a>;
                <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org">draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org</a>;
                <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:imc.shand@gmail.com">imc.shand@gmail.com</a>; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:cfilsfil@cisco.com">cfilsfil@cisco.com</a>;
                <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com">sprevidi@cisco.com</a>; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com">Ning.So@tatacommunications.com</a><br>
                <b>Subject:</b> Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for
                finding Extended P-Space.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal">On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
        <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">I
                have a query on cost based formula for finding Extended
                P-space.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The
                current formula applies to Node y that is
                <o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">1).
                D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S,
                Protected_link.RemoteNode) +
                D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
        </blockquote>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
          Bharath<br>
          <br>
          I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or
          your code?<br>
          <br>
          Also the example below has been corrupted.<br>
          <br>
          Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA
          solutions, but<br>
          it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies
          other than<br>
          by accident.<br>
          <br>
          Stewart<br>
          <br>
          <br>
          <br>
          <br>
          <o:p></o:p></p>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">I
              guess the rationale behind the current formula is that the
              packet on the LDP tunnel should not traverse the
              ProtectedLink.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">But,
              please consider the following toplogy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">A2</span><span
              style="font-family:Wingdings">&agrave;</span><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">B
              cost is 5 and A2</span><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&agrave;</span><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S cost is
              3; (Both only in the direction as indicated., the other
              direction cost is unity)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">All
              other costs are unity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Following
              the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup
              neighbors(with P-Space B and C).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">However,
              an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S, taking A2</span><span
              style="font-family:Wingdings">&agrave;</span><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S</span><span
              style="font-family:Wingdings">&agrave;</span><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">A1

              path.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp; |-------------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |ProtectedLink<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              ---------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ----------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A1&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
              |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;
              <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
              |-----------|&nbsp;
              <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |--------------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">How
              about using the following basic formula instead?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">2).
              D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Advantages:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
          style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0
          level1 lfo1">
          <!--[if !supportLists]--><span
            style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
              style="mso-list:Ignore">&middot;<span style="font:7.0pt
                &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The
            formula two ensures that the packet does not loopback to S.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
          style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0
          level1 lfo1">
          <!--[if !supportLists]--><span
            style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
              style="mso-list:Ignore">&middot;<span style="font:7.0pt
                &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Also
            as per my understanding, if there is Neighbor Ni that
            satisfies 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies that there
            is definitely one more Neigbhro Nj which satisfies 1) both
            1) and 2).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">(Because
              if there is a neighbor satisfying 1) and not satisfy 2),
              then the packet will loopback via some other neighbor
              which satisfies 2)).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><br>
            </span><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Given
              that formula 2) ensures that we don&#8217;t select any neighbor
              which simply loopbacks the packet to the source and
              forwards via other viable Neighbor, it will be more
              advantageous to employ Formula 2).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Please
              let me know if I am missing something, or if there is a
              good use case that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in this
              example, over backup neighbor A1.(Given that traffic will
              exit via A1 anyway).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Thanks
              and Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Bharath
              R</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">.</span><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
          <br>
          <br>
          <o:p></o:p></p>
        <pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
        <pre>For corporate legal information go to:<o:p></o:p></pre>
        <pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
        <pre><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
        <pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
For corporate legal information go to:

<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html</a>

</pre>
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From: Bharath R <rbharath@juniper.net>
To: "stbryant@cisco.com" <stbryant@cisco.com>, "rtgwg@ietf.org" <rtgwg@ietf.org>, "draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org" <draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org>, "imc.shand@gmail.com" <imc.shand@gmail.com>, "cfilsfil@cisco.com" <cfilsfil@cisco.com>, "sprevidi@cisco.com" <sprevidi@cisco.com>, "Ning.So@tatacommunications.com" <Ning.So@tatacommunications.com>
Subject: RE: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.
Thread-Topic: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.
Thread-Index: Ac8Id9tfGC7DxP3KTpWaJMen1KzBtgAE9PWAAADSKUAABbFuAAAAR+zA
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2014 17:29:51 +0000
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Hi Stewart,
The point here is not about the P-Space, but the eligible Backup-Neighbor t=
o reach P-Space.
In the below topology, the P-Space remains unchanged, but we have two possi=
ble backup-neighbors:
A1, which does not have looping problems
A2, which loops back the traffic to S, and then has it going via A1, before=
 reaching the  other P-Space nodes and eventually the PQ node.
But, with application of formula 2), we will have only A1 as the viable bac=
kup Neighbor.

And regarding the second formula ensuring that the packet does not take the=
 failed link(The SE link):

To re-quote the formulae:
1). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) + D_=
opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))
2). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))


Since formula 2). ensures that the packet does not reach S itself, the ques=
tion of taking the SE link does not arise.
In fact, the formula 2) gives a 'non-loopingback' subset of neighbors as co=
mpared to formula 1).

Furthermore, existence of a Neighbor(Ni) satisfying Formula 1), but not sat=
isfying formula 2), should imply existence of some other Neighbor(Nj) satis=
fying formula 2).
Because eventually Ni will loopback the traffic via Nj.
So, we will not miss out on finding a viable neighbor if one exists.

Please let me know if there is any gap in my understanding/analysis.

Thanks and regards,
Bharath R.

From: Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
Sent: Friday, January 03, 2014 10:34 PM
To: Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org; =
imc.shand@gmail.com; cfilsfil@cisco.com; sprevidi@cisco.com; Ning.So@tataco=
mmunications.com
Subject: Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.

The purpose of the two protected link terms was to
make sure that there was no attempt to reach PQ via
that link. If we remove them we need to make sure
that no topology will cause that path to be taken,
and I think that your equation could fail on that
account.

I need to think about this some more, but
even if A2 is in P space, it is not in D's
Qspace so surely the point is moot?

- Stewart

On 03/01/2014 14:40, Bharath R wrote:
Thank you for your reply Stuart

Sorry, the formula is not verbatim from the draft, but if you refer to the =
formula in
Compute_Extended_P_Space()snippet
in the http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04,

you will find that the formula used maps to
D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) + D_opt(=
Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))
Here:
S : Source Node.
Ni:  Neighbor,
D_opt(x, y): Optimal distance from x to y.

Sorry for the corruption in topology. I am recreating it here:
and A2-->S cost is 5; (Only in the direction as indicated., the other direc=
tion cost is unity)
All other costs are unity.


                                                                  |--------=
-----|
                                                                  |        =
S       |
                                                                  |--------=
-----|
                                                                   |      |=
       |
                                                                   |      |=
       |ProtectedLink
                                                                   |      |=
       |
                                                                   |      |=
       |
                                                  ---------------     |    =
  ----------------
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
5                        |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                            |     A1    |          |    A2 =
    |        |     E       |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                            |-----------|                  =
             |-----------|
                                            |     B       |                =
                |     D      |
                                            |-----------|                  =
              |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                  |-----=
------|              |
                                                  |--------------|     C   =
   |-----------|
                                                                      |----=
-------|

Yes, even I am not sure of the practicality of the above topology,
But, my only point was that we have a simpler,
easier to use formula:
D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))
to find viable backups Neighbors to reach P-Space.
Further, the formula does not result in exclusion of any viable Neighbor th=
at loop-back to the source.

Would be great if you can comment on that.

Thanks and Regards,
Bharath R.

From: Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
Sent: Friday, January 03, 2014 7:27 PM
To: Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org<mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org>; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remo=
te-lfa@tools.ietf.org<mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org>; i=
mc.shand@gmail.com<mailto:imc.shand@gmail.com>; cfilsfil@cisco.com<mailto:c=
filsfil@cisco.com>; sprevidi@cisco.com<mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com>; Ning.So@=
tatacommunications.com<mailto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com>
Subject: Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.

On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:
Hi,
I have a query on cost based formula for finding Extended P-space.
The current formula applies to Node y that is
1). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) + D_=
opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))

Bharath

I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or your code?

Also the example below has been corrupted.

Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA solutions, but
it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies other than
by accident.

Stewart






I guess the rationale behind the current formula is that the packet on the =
LDP tunnel should not traverse the ProtectedLink.


But, please consider the following toplogy.
A2-->B cost is 5 and A2-->S cost is 3; (Both only in the direction as indic=
ated., the other direction cost is unity)
All other costs are unity.
Following the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup neighbors(with P-Sp=
ace B and C).
However, an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S, taking A2-->S-->A1 =
path.

                                                                 |---------=
----|
                                                                  |     S  =
     |
                                                                  |--------=
-----|
                                                                    |      =
|      |
                                                                   |      |=
      |
                                                                    |      =
|      |ProtectedLink
                                                                   |      |=
      |
                                                                    |      =
|      |
                                                 |      |      |
                                                  ---------------      |   =
   ----------------
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                        =
|5                        |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                            |     A1   |         |    A2   =
  |        |     E       |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                        |
                                                  |                        =
                            |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                               |-----------|                          |----=
-------|
                                            |     B       |                =
                |     D    |
                                            |-----------|                  =
              |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                  |-----=
------|              |
                                                  |--------------|     C   =
   |-----------|
                                                                       |---=
--------|

How about using the following basic formula instead?
2). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))


Advantages:
=B7         The formula two ensures that the packet does not loopback to S.
=B7         Also as per my understanding, if there is Neighbor Ni that sati=
sfies 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies that there is definitely one =
more Neigbhro Nj which satisfies 1) both 1) and 2).
(Because if there is a neighbor satisfying 1) and not satisfy 2), then the =
packet will loopback via some other neighbor which satisfies 2)).

Given that formula 2) ensures that we don't select any neighbor which simpl=
y loopbacks the packet to the source and forwards via other viable Neighbor=
, it will be more advantageous to employ Formula 2).

Please let me know if I am missing something, or if there is a good use cas=
e that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in this example, over backup neighbor =
A1.(Given that traffic will exit via A1 anyway).




Thanks and Regards,
Bharath R.






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<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Hi Stewart,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The point here is not about the P-Space, b=
ut the eligible Backup-Neighbor to reach P-Space.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">In the below topology, the P-Space remains=
 unchanged, but we have two possible backup-neighbors:<o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">A1, which does not have looping problems<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">A2, which loops back the traffic to S, and=
 then has it going via A1, before reaching the&nbsp; other P-Space nodes an=
d eventually the PQ node.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">But, with application of formula 2), we wi=
ll have only A1 as the viable backup Neighbor.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">And regarding the second formula ensuring =
that the packet does not take the failed link(The SE link):<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">To re-quote the formulae:<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">1). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Prote=
cted_link.RemoteNode) &#43; D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">2). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Y))</=
span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Since formula 2). ensures that the packet =
does not reach S itself, the question of taking the SE link does not arise.=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">In fact, the formula 2) gives a &#8216;non=
-loopingback&#8217; subset of neighbors as compared to formula 1).<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Furthermore, existence of a Neighbor(Ni) s=
atisfying Formula 1), but not satisfying formula 2), should imply existence=
 of some other Neighbor(Nj) satisfying formula 2).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Because eventually Ni will loopback the tr=
affic via Nj.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">So, we will not miss out on finding a viab=
le neighbor if one exists.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Please let me know if there is any gap in =
my understanding/analysis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks and regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Bharath R.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span><=
/p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">From:</span></b><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif=
&quot;;color:windowtext"> Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 03, 2014 10:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.iet=
f.org; imc.shand@gmail.com; cfilsfil@cisco.com; sprevidi@cisco.com; Ning.So=
@tatacommunications.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-S=
pace.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">The purpose of the two protected link terms was to<b=
r>
make sure that there was no attempt to reach PQ via<br>
that link. If we remove them we need to make sure<br>
that no topology will cause that path to be taken,<br>
and I think that your equation could fail on that<br>
account.<br>
<br>
I need to think about this some more, but<br>
even if A2 is in P space, it is not in D's<br>
Qspace so surely the point is moot?<br>
<br>
- Stewart<br>
<br>
On 03/01/2014 14:40, Bharath R wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thank you for your reply =
Stuart</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Sorry, the formula is not=
 verbatim from the draft, but if you refer to the formula in
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">Compute_Extended_P_Space()snippet
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">in the </span>
<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04">http:=
//tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04</a><span style=3D"font=
-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">,
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">you will find that the formula used maps to</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Protected=
_link.RemoteNode) &#43; D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))</span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Here:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">S : Source Node.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Ni: &nbsp;Neighbor,
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(x, y): Optimal distance from x to y.</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Sorry for the corruption in topology. I am recreating it=
 here:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">and A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</=
span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"=
>S cost is 5; (Only in the direction as indicated., the other direction cos=
t is unity)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">All other costs are unity.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|ProtectedLink</span><o:p></o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; ---------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; ----------------</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|5=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; A1&nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp=
;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
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;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
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;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
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;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
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;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
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sp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
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;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
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;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |--------------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;=
&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">Yes, even I am not sure of the practicality of the above =
topology,
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">But, my only point was that we have a simpler,
<br>
easier to use formula:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Y))</span=
><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">to find viable backups Neighbors to reach P-Space.</span>=
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">Further, the formula does not result in exclusion of any =
viable Neighbor that loop-back to the source.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">Would be great if you can comment on that.</span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">Thanks and Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">Bharath R.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&=
quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">From:</span></b><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif=
&quot;;color:windowtext"> Stewart Bryant [<a href=3D"mailto:stbryant@cisco.=
com">mailto:stbryant@cisco.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 03, 2014 7:27 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bharath R; <a href=3D"mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org">rtgwg@ietf.org</a>;=
 <a href=3D"mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org">
draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:imc.shand=
@gmail.com">
imc.shand@gmail.com</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:cfilsfil@cisco.com">cfilsfil@cis=
co.com</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com">sprevidi@cisco.com</a>; <a href=3D"ma=
ilto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com">
Ning.So@tatacommunications.com</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-S=
pace.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Hi,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">I have a query on cost based formula for finding Extende=
d P-space.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">The current formula applies to Node y that is
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">1). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Prote=
cted_link.RemoteNode) &#43; D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))</span><o:p=
></o:p></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br>
Bharath<br>
<br>
I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or your code?<br>
<br>
Also the example below has been corrupted.<br>
<br>
Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA solutions, but<br>
it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies other than<br>
by accident.<br>
<br>
Stewart<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">I guess the rationale behind the current formula is that=
 the packet on the LDP tunnel should not traverse the ProtectedLink.</span>=
<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">But, please consider the following toplogy.</span><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span=
><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">B c=
ost is 5 and A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span><span=
 style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S
 cost is 3; (Both only in the direction as indicated., the other direction =
cost is unity)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">All other costs are unity.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Following the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup =
neighbors(with P-Space B and C).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">However, an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S, =
taking A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span><span style=
=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S</span><span s=
tyle=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;C=
alibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">A1
 path.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
; &nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |ProtectedLink</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span>=
<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; ---------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ----------------</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |=
5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; A1&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; A2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:=
p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &=
nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p=
>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</=
span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p>=
</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; B&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |--------------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;=
&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">How about using the following basic formula instead?</sp=
an><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">2). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Y))</=
span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Advantages:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-a=
lt:auto;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><s=
pan style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New =
Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quo=
t;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The formula two ensures that the packet does not=
 loopback to S.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-a=
lt:auto;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><s=
pan style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New =
Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quo=
t;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Also as per my understanding, if there is Neighb=
or Ni that satisfies 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies that there is =
definitely one more Neigbhro Nj which satisfies 1) both
 1) and 2).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">(Because if there is a neighbor satisfying 1) and not sa=
tisfy 2), then the packet will loopback via some other neighbor which satis=
fies 2)).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><br>
</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot=
;">Given that formula 2) ensures that we don&#8217;t select any neighbor wh=
ich simply loopbacks the packet to the source and forwards via other viable=
 Neighbor, it will be more advantageous to employ Formula 2).</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Please let me know if I am missing something, or if ther=
e is a good use case that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in this example, ov=
er backup neighbor A1.(Given that traffic will exit via
 A1 anyway).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Thanks and Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Bharath R</span><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-fam=
ily:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>For corporate legal information go to:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href=3D"http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/ind=
ex.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html=
</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
</blockquote>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>For corporate legal information go to:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre><a href=3D"http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/ind=
ex.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html=
</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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From stbryant@cisco.com  Fri Jan  3 09:57:34 2014
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Date: Fri, 03 Jan 2014 17:57:16 +0000
From: Stewart Bryant <stbryant@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.
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Bharath

I will run this past Mike when he gets back next week, but I think you are
correct. Note that this simplification will not work when we come to node
protection since you must look at alternative paths through the nodes, but
for link protection, I think you are correct to state that avoiding the 
repairing
node is sufficient.

Thanks for picking this up.

- Stewart

On 03/01/2014 17:29, Bharath R wrote:
>
> Hi Stewart,
>
> The point here is not about the P-Space, but the eligible 
> Backup-Neighbor to reach P-Space.
>
> In the below topology, the P-Space remains unchanged, but we have two 
> possible backup-neighbors:
>
> A1, which does not have looping problems
>
> A2, which loops back the traffic to S, and then has it going via A1, 
> before reaching the  other P-Space nodes and eventually the PQ node.
>
> But, with application of formula 2), we will have only A1 as the 
> viable backup Neighbor.
>
> And regarding the second formula ensuring that the packet does not 
> take the failed link(The SE link):
>
> To re-quote the formulae:
>
> 1). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) 
> + D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))
>
> 2). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))
>
> Since formula 2). ensures that the packet does not reach S itself, the 
> question of taking the SE link does not arise.
>
> In fact, the formula 2) gives a 'non-loopingback' subset of neighbors 
> as compared to formula 1).
>
> Furthermore, existence of a Neighbor(Ni) satisfying Formula 1), but 
> not satisfying formula 2), should imply existence of some other 
> Neighbor(Nj) satisfying formula 2).
>
> Because eventually Ni will loopback the traffic via Nj.
>
> So, we will not miss out on finding a viable neighbor if one exists.
>
> Please let me know if there is any gap in my understanding/analysis.
>
> Thanks and regards,
>
> Bharath R.
>
> *From:*Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
> *Sent:* Friday, January 03, 2014 10:34 PM
> *To:* Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org; 
> draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org; imc.shand@gmail.com; 
> cfilsfil@cisco.com; sprevidi@cisco.com; Ning.So@tatacommunications.com
> *Subject:* Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended 
> P-Space.
>
> The purpose of the two protected link terms was to
> make sure that there was no attempt to reach PQ via
> that link. If we remove them we need to make sure
> that no topology will cause that path to be taken,
> and I think that your equation could fail on that
> account.
>
> I need to think about this some more, but
> even if A2 is in P space, it is not in D's
> Qspace so surely the point is moot?
>
> - Stewart
>
> On 03/01/2014 14:40, Bharath R wrote:
>
>     Thank you for your reply Stuart
>
>     Sorry, the formula is not verbatim from the draft, but if you
>     refer to the formula in
>
>     Compute_Extended_P_Space()snippet
>
>     in the http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04,
>
>     you will find that the formula used maps to
>
>     D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode)
>     + D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))
>
>     Here:
>
>     S : Source Node.
>
>     Ni:  Neighbor,
>
>     D_opt(x, y): Optimal distance from x to y.
>
>     Sorry for the corruption in topology. I am recreating it here:
>
>     and A2àS cost is 5; (Only in the direction as indicated., the
>     other direction cost is unity)
>
>     All other costs are unity.
>
>        |-------------|
>
>         |        S       |
>
>         |-------------|
>
>         |      |       |
>
>                                                                        |
>     |       |ProtectedLink
>
>         |      |       |
>
>            |      |       |
>
>     ---------------     |      ----------------
>
>     |                       |                          |
>
>     |                       |                          |
>
>     |                       |                          |
>
>     |                       |5                        |
>
>     |-----------|         |-----------|        |-----------|
>
>     |     A1    |          |    A2     |        |     E |
>
>     |-----------|         |-----------|        |-----------|
>
>     |                                                   |
>
>     |                                                   |
>
>     |                                                   |
>
>                                 |-----------|                     
>     |-----------|
>
>     |     B       |                                |     D  |
>
>     |-----------| |-----------|
>
>     |                                                  |
>
>     |                                                  |
>
>     |                  |-----------|              |
>
>     |--------------|     C      |-----------|
>
>         |-----------|
>
>     Yes, even I am not sure of the practicality of the above topology,
>
>     But, my only point was that we have a simpler,
>     easier to use formula:
>
>     D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))
>
>     to find viable backups Neighbors to reach P-Space.
>
>     Further, the formula does not result in exclusion of any viable
>     Neighbor that loop-back to the source.
>
>     Would be great if you can comment on that.
>
>     Thanks and Regards,
>
>     Bharath R.
>
>     *From:*Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
>     *Sent:* Friday, January 03, 2014 7:27 PM
>     *To:* Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org <mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org>;
>     draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org
>     <mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org>;
>     imc.shand@gmail.com <mailto:imc.shand@gmail.com>;
>     cfilsfil@cisco.com <mailto:cfilsfil@cisco.com>; sprevidi@cisco.com
>     <mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com>; Ning.So@tatacommunications.com
>     <mailto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com>
>     *Subject:* Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended
>     P-Space.
>
>     On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:
>
>         Hi,
>
>         I have a query on cost based formula for finding Extended P-space.
>
>         The current formula applies to Node y that is
>
>         1). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S,
>         Protected_link.RemoteNode) + D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))
>
>
>     Bharath
>
>     I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or your code?
>
>     Also the example below has been corrupted.
>
>     Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA solutions, but
>     it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies other than
>     by accident.
>
>     Stewart
>
>
>
>
>
>     I guess the rationale behind the current formula is that the
>     packet on the LDP tunnel should not traverse the ProtectedLink.
>
>     But, please consider the following toplogy.
>
>     A2àB cost is 5 and A2àS cost is 3; (Both only in the direction as
>     indicated., the other direction cost is unity)
>
>     All other costs are unity.
>
>     Following the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup
>     neighbors(with P-Space B and C).
>
>     However, an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S, taking
>     A2àSàA1 path.
>
>       |-------------|
>
>         |     S       |
>
>         |-------------|
>
>           |      |      |
>
>         |      |      |
>
>     |      |      |ProtectedLink
>
>         |      |      |
>
>             |      |      |
>
>                              |      |      |
>
>     ---------------      |      ----------------
>
>     |                       |                          |
>
>     |                       |                          |
>
>     |                       |                          |
>
>     |                       |                          |
>
>     |                        |5                        |
>
>     |-----------|         |-----------|        |-----------|
>
>     |     A1   |         |    A2     |        |     E |
>
>     |-----------|         |-----------|        |-----------|
>
>     |                                                   |
>
>     |                                                |
>
>     |                                                    |
>
>     |                                                   |
>
>     |                                                   |
>
>                    |-----------| |-----------|
>
>     |     B       |                                | D    |
>
>     |-----------| |-----------|
>
>     |                                                  |
>
>     |                                                  |
>
>     |                  |-----------|              |
>
>     |--------------|     C      |-----------|
>
>          |-----------|
>
>     How about using the following basic formula instead?
>
>     2). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))
>
>     Advantages:
>
>     ·The formula two ensures that the packet does not loopback to S.
>
>     ·Also as per my understanding, if there is Neighbor Ni that
>     satisfies 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies that there is
>     definitely one more Neigbhro Nj which satisfies 1) both 1) and 2).
>
>     (Because if there is a neighbor satisfying 1) and not satisfy 2),
>     then the packet will loopback via some other neighbor which
>     satisfies 2)).
>
>
>     Given that formula 2) ensures that we don't select any neighbor
>     which simply loopbacks the packet to the source and forwards via
>     other viable Neighbor, it will be more advantageous to employ
>     Formula 2).
>
>     Please let me know if I am missing something, or if there is a
>     good use case that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in this example,
>     over backup neighbor A1.(Given that traffic will exit via A1 anyway).
>
>     Thanks and Regards,
>
>     Bharath R.
>
>
>
>
>
>     -- 
>
>     For corporate legal information go to:
>
>       
>
>     http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html
>
>       
>
>
>
>
> -- 
> For corporate legal information go to:
>   
> http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html
>   


-- 
For corporate legal information go to:

http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html


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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Bharath<br>
      <br>
      I will run this past Mike when he gets back next week, but I think
      you are<br>
      correct. Note that this simplification will not work when we come
      to node<br>
      protection since you must look at alternative paths through the
      nodes, but<br>
      for link protection, I think you are correct to state that
      avoiding the repairing<br>
      node is sufficient.<br>
      <br>
      Thanks for picking this up.<br>
      <br>
      - Stewart<br>
      <br>
      On 03/01/2014 17:29, Bharath R wrote:<br>
    </div>
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      <div class="WordSection1">
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Hi
            Stewart,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The
            point here is not about the P-Space, but the eligible
            Backup-Neighbor to reach P-Space.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">In
            the below topology, the P-Space remains unchanged, but we
            have two possible backup-neighbors:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">A1,
            which does not have looping problems<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">A2,
            which loops back the traffic to S, and then has it going via
            A1, before reaching the&nbsp; other P-Space nodes and eventually
            the PQ node.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">But,
            with application of formula 2), we will have only A1 as the
            viable backup Neighbor.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">And
            regarding the second formula ensuring that the packet does
            not take the failed link(The SE link):<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">To
            re-quote the formulae:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">1).
            D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S,
            Protected_link.RemoteNode) +
            D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">2).
            D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))</span><o:p></o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Since
            formula 2). ensures that the packet does not reach S itself,
            the question of taking the SE link does not arise.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">In
            fact, the formula 2) gives a &#8216;non-loopingback&#8217; subset of
            neighbors as compared to formula 1).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Furthermore,
            existence of a Neighbor(Ni) satisfying Formula 1), but not
            satisfying formula 2), should imply existence of some other
            Neighbor(Nj) satisfying formula 2).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Because
            eventually Ni will loopback the traffic via Nj.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">So,
            we will not miss out on finding a viable neighbor if one
            exists.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Please
            let me know if there is any gap in my
            understanding/analysis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks
            and regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Bharath
            R.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <div>
          <div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF
            1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">
                Stewart Bryant [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:stbryant@cisco.com">mailto:stbryant@cisco.com</a>]
                <br>
                <b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 03, 2014 10:34 PM<br>
                <b>To:</b> Bharath R; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org">rtgwg@ietf.org</a>;
                <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org">draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org</a>;
                <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:imc.shand@gmail.com">imc.shand@gmail.com</a>; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:cfilsfil@cisco.com">cfilsfil@cisco.com</a>;
                <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com">sprevidi@cisco.com</a>; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com">Ning.So@tatacommunications.com</a><br>
                <b>Subject:</b> Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for
                finding Extended P-Space.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal">The purpose of the two protected link
            terms was to<br>
            make sure that there was no attempt to reach PQ via<br>
            that link. If we remove them we need to make sure<br>
            that no topology will cause that path to be taken,<br>
            and I think that your equation could fail on that<br>
            account.<br>
            <br>
            I need to think about this some more, but<br>
            even if A2 is in P space, it is not in D's<br>
            Qspace so surely the point is moot?<br>
            <br>
            - Stewart<br>
            <br>
            On 03/01/2014 14:40, Bharath R wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
        <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thank
              you for your reply Stuart</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Sorry,
              the formula is not verbatim from the draft, but if you
              refer to the formula in
            </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Compute_Extended_P_Space()snippet
            </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">in the </span>
            <a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04</a><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">,
            </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">you will find that the
              formula used maps to</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(Ni,
              Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S,
              Protected_link.RemoteNode) +
              D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Here:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S
              : Source Node.
            </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Ni:
              &nbsp;Neighbor,
            </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(x,
              y): Optimal distance from x to y.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Sorry
              for the corruption in topology. I am recreating it here:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">and
              A2</span><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&agrave;</span><span
style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S cost is
              5; (Only in the direction as indicated., the other
              direction cost is unity)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">All
              other costs are unity.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp; &nbsp;|-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|ProtectedLink</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              ---------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ----------------</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A1&nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;
              |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;|&nbsp;
            </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
              |-----------|&nbsp;
            </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              |--------------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Yes, even I am not sure of
              the practicality of the above topology,
            </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">But, my only point was that
              we have a simpler,
              <br>
              easier to use formula:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(Ni,
              Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">to find viable backups
              Neighbors to reach P-Space.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Further, the formula does not
              result in exclusion of any viable Neighbor that loop-back
              to the source.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Would be great if you can
              comment on that.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Thanks and Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Bharath R.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <div>
            <div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF
              1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
              <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">
                  Stewart Bryant [<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="mailto:stbryant@cisco.com">mailto:stbryant@cisco.com</a>]
                  <br>
                  <b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 03, 2014 7:27 PM<br>
                  <b>To:</b> Bharath R; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org">rtgwg@ietf.org</a>; <a
                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org">
                    draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org</a>; <a
                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="mailto:imc.shand@gmail.com">
                    imc.shand@gmail.com</a>; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="mailto:cfilsfil@cisco.com">cfilsfil@cisco.com</a>;
                  <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com">sprevidi@cisco.com</a>;
                  <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="mailto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com">
                    Ning.So@tatacommunications.com</a><br>
                  <b>Subject:</b> Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for
                  finding Extended P-Space.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
          </div>
          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal">On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                  style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Hi,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                  style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">I
                  have a query on cost based formula for finding
                  Extended P-space.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                  style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The
                  current formula applies to Node y that is
                </span><o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                  style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">1).
                  D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S,
                  Protected_link.RemoteNode) +
                  D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))</span><o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
            Bharath<br>
            <br>
            I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or
            your code?<br>
            <br>
            Also the example below has been corrupted.<br>
            <br>
            Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA
            solutions, but<br>
            it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies
            other than<br>
            by accident.<br>
            <br>
            Stewart<br>
            <br>
            <br>
            <br>
            <br>
            <br>
            <o:p></o:p></p>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">I
                guess the rationale behind the current formula is that
                the packet on the LDP tunnel should not traverse the
                ProtectedLink.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">But,
                please consider the following toplogy.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">A2</span><span
                style="font-family:Wingdings">&agrave;</span><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">B
                cost is 5 and A2</span><span
                style="font-family:Wingdings">&agrave;</span><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S
                cost is 3; (Both only in the direction as indicated.,
                the other direction cost is unity)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">All
                other costs are unity.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Following
                the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup
                neighbors(with P-Space B and C).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">However,
                an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S, taking A2</span><span
                style="font-family:Wingdings">&agrave;</span><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S</span><span
                style="font-family:Wingdings">&agrave;</span><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">A1

                path.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                &nbsp; |-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                &nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |ProtectedLink</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                ---------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ----------------</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A1&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;
                |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;
              </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                |-----------|&nbsp;
              </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                |--------------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">How
                about using the following basic formula instead?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">2).
                D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Advantages:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"
            style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0
            level1 lfo2">
            <!--[if !supportLists]--><span
              style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
                style="mso-list:Ignore">&middot;<span style="font:7.0pt
                  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The
              formula two ensures that the packet does not loopback to
              S.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"
            style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0
            level1 lfo2">
            <!--[if !supportLists]--><span
              style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
                style="mso-list:Ignore">&middot;<span style="font:7.0pt
                  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
              style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Also
              as per my understanding, if there is Neighbor Ni that
              satisfies 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies that
              there is definitely one more Neigbhro Nj which satisfies
              1) both 1) and 2).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">(Because
                if there is a neighbor satisfying 1) and not satisfy 2),
                then the packet will loopback via some other neighbor
                which satisfies 2)).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><br>
              </span><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Given
                that formula 2) ensures that we don&#8217;t select any
                neighbor which simply loopbacks the packet to the source
                and forwards via other viable Neighbor, it will be more
                advantageous to employ Formula 2).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Please
                let me know if I am missing something, or if there is a
                good use case that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in this
                example, over backup neighbor A1.(Given that traffic
                will exit via A1 anyway).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Thanks
                and Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Bharath
                R</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
            <br>
            <br>
            <br>
            <o:p></o:p></p>
          <pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
          <pre>For corporate legal information go to:<o:p></o:p></pre>
          <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
          <pre><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
          <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
        </blockquote>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
          <br>
          <br>
          <o:p></o:p></p>
        <pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
        <pre>For corporate legal information go to:<o:p></o:p></pre>
        <pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
        <pre><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
        <pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
For corporate legal information go to:

<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html</a>

</pre>
  </body>
</html>

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From: Bharath R <rbharath@juniper.net>
To: "stbryant@cisco.com" <stbryant@cisco.com>, "rtgwg@ietf.org" <rtgwg@ietf.org>, "draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org" <draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org>, "imc.shand@gmail.com" <imc.shand@gmail.com>, "cfilsfil@cisco.com" <cfilsfil@cisco.com>, "sprevidi@cisco.com" <sprevidi@cisco.com>, "Ning.So@tatacommunications.com" <Ning.So@tatacommunications.com>
Subject: RE: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.
Thread-Topic: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.
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Hi Stewart,
Thanks for your inputs.
Yes, this formula does not cover the Node-protecting P-Space, for which the=
 formulae specified in
https://ietf.org/doc/draft-psarkar-rtgwg-rlfa-node-protection/

Thanks for your offer of running this by Mike. Hoping to hear from that.

Also, I would like one more input, if you may:
Do you think there would be some practical use-case for preferring A2(loop =
causing neighbor) as the backup-neighbor over A1(non loop-causing Neighbor)=
?

Thanks and Regards,
Bharath R.

From: Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
Sent: Friday, January 03, 2014 11:27 PM
To: Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org; =
imc.shand@gmail.com; cfilsfil@cisco.com; sprevidi@cisco.com; Ning.So@tataco=
mmunications.com
Subject: Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.

Bharath

I will run this past Mike when he gets back next week, but I think you are
correct. Note that this simplification will not work when we come to node
protection since you must look at alternative paths through the nodes, but
for link protection, I think you are correct to state that avoiding the rep=
airing
node is sufficient.

Thanks for picking this up.

- Stewart

On 03/01/2014 17:29, Bharath R wrote:
Hi Stewart,
The point here is not about the P-Space, but the eligible Backup-Neighbor t=
o reach P-Space.
In the below topology, the P-Space remains unchanged, but we have two possi=
ble backup-neighbors:
A1, which does not have looping problems
A2, which loops back the traffic to S, and then has it going via A1, before=
 reaching the  other P-Space nodes and eventually the PQ node.
But, with application of formula 2), we will have only A1 as the viable bac=
kup Neighbor.

And regarding the second formula ensuring that the packet does not take the=
 failed link(The SE link):

To re-quote the formulae:
1). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) + D_=
opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))
2). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))


Since formula 2). ensures that the packet does not reach S itself, the ques=
tion of taking the SE link does not arise.
In fact, the formula 2) gives a 'non-loopingback' subset of neighbors as co=
mpared to formula 1).

Furthermore, existence of a Neighbor(Ni) satisfying Formula 1), but not sat=
isfying formula 2), should imply existence of some other Neighbor(Nj) satis=
fying formula 2).
Because eventually Ni will loopback the traffic via Nj.
So, we will not miss out on finding a viable neighbor if one exists.

Please let me know if there is any gap in my understanding/analysis.

Thanks and regards,
Bharath R.

From: Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
Sent: Friday, January 03, 2014 10:34 PM
To: Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org<mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org>; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remo=
te-lfa@tools.ietf.org<mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org>; i=
mc.shand@gmail.com<mailto:imc.shand@gmail.com>; cfilsfil@cisco.com<mailto:c=
filsfil@cisco.com>; sprevidi@cisco.com<mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com>; Ning.So@=
tatacommunications.com<mailto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com>
Subject: Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.

The purpose of the two protected link terms was to
make sure that there was no attempt to reach PQ via
that link. If we remove them we need to make sure
that no topology will cause that path to be taken,
and I think that your equation could fail on that
account.

I need to think about this some more, but
even if A2 is in P space, it is not in D's
Qspace so surely the point is moot?

- Stewart

On 03/01/2014 14:40, Bharath R wrote:
Thank you for your reply Stuart

Sorry, the formula is not verbatim from the draft, but if you refer to the =
formula in
Compute_Extended_P_Space()snippet
in the http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04,

you will find that the formula used maps to
D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) + D_opt(=
Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))
Here:
S : Source Node.
Ni:  Neighbor,
D_opt(x, y): Optimal distance from x to y.

Sorry for the corruption in topology. I am recreating it here:
and A2-->S cost is 5; (Only in the direction as indicated., the other direc=
tion cost is unity)
All other costs are unity.


                                                                  |--------=
-----|
                                                                  |        =
S       |
                                                                  |--------=
-----|
                                                                   |      |=
       |
                                                                   |      |=
       |ProtectedLink
                                                                   |      |=
       |
                                                                   |      |=
       |
                                                  ---------------     |    =
  ----------------
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
5                        |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                            |     A1    |          |    A2 =
    |        |     E       |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                            |-----------|                  =
             |-----------|
                                            |     B       |                =
                |     D      |
                                            |-----------|                  =
              |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                  |-----=
------|              |
                                                  |--------------|     C   =
   |-----------|
                                                                      |----=
-------|

Yes, even I am not sure of the practicality of the above topology,
But, my only point was that we have a simpler,
easier to use formula:
D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))
to find viable backups Neighbors to reach P-Space.
Further, the formula does not result in exclusion of any viable Neighbor th=
at loop-back to the source.

Would be great if you can comment on that.

Thanks and Regards,
Bharath R.

From: Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
Sent: Friday, January 03, 2014 7:27 PM
To: Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org<mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org>; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remo=
te-lfa@tools.ietf.org<mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org>; i=
mc.shand@gmail.com<mailto:imc.shand@gmail.com>; cfilsfil@cisco.com<mailto:c=
filsfil@cisco.com>; sprevidi@cisco.com<mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com>; Ning.So@=
tatacommunications.com<mailto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com>
Subject: Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.

On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:
Hi,
I have a query on cost based formula for finding Extended P-space.
The current formula applies to Node y that is
1). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) + D_=
opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))

Bharath

I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or your code?

Also the example below has been corrupted.

Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA solutions, but
it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies other than
by accident.

Stewart







I guess the rationale behind the current formula is that the packet on the =
LDP tunnel should not traverse the ProtectedLink.


But, please consider the following toplogy.
A2-->B cost is 5 and A2-->S cost is 3; (Both only in the direction as indic=
ated., the other direction cost is unity)
All other costs are unity.
Following the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup neighbors(with P-Sp=
ace B and C).
However, an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S, taking A2-->S-->A1 =
path.

                                                                 |---------=
----|
                                                                  |     S  =
     |
                                                                  |--------=
-----|
                                                                    |      =
|      |
                                                                   |      |=
      |
                                                                    |      =
|      |ProtectedLink
                                                                   |      |=
      |
                                                                    |      =
|      |
                                                 |      |      |
                                                  ---------------      |   =
   ----------------
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                        =
|5                        |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                            |     A1   |         |    A2   =
  |        |     E       |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                        |
                                                  |                        =
                            |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                               |-----------|                          |----=
-------|
                                            |     B       |                =
                |     D    |
                                            |-----------|                  =
              |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                  |-----=
------|              |
                                                  |--------------|     C   =
   |-----------|
                                                                       |---=
--------|

How about using the following basic formula instead?
2). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))


Advantages:
=B7         The formula two ensures that the packet does not loopback to S.
=B7         Also as per my understanding, if there is Neighbor Ni that sati=
sfies 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies that there is definitely one =
more Neigbhro Nj which satisfies 1) both 1) and 2).
(Because if there is a neighbor satisfying 1) and not satisfy 2), then the =
packet will loopback via some other neighbor which satisfies 2)).

Given that formula 2) ensures that we don't select any neighbor which simpl=
y loopbacks the packet to the source and forwards via other viable Neighbor=
, it will be more advantageous to employ Formula 2).

Please let me know if I am missing something, or if there is a good use cas=
e that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in this example, over backup neighbor =
A1.(Given that traffic will exit via A1 anyway).




Thanks and Regards,
Bharath R.







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<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Hi Stewart,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks for your inputs.<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Yes, this formula does no=
t cover the Node-protecting P-Space, for which the formulae specified in
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><a href=3D"https://ietf.org/doc/draft-psarkar-rtgwg-=
rlfa-node-protection/">https://ietf.org/doc/draft-psarkar-rtgwg-rlfa-node-p=
rotection/</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks for your offer of running this by Mike. Hopin=
g to hear from that.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Also, I would like one more input, if you may:<o:p><=
/o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Do you think there would be some practical use-case =
for preferring A2(loop causing neighbor) as the backup-neighbor over A1(non=
 loop-causing Neighbor)?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks and Regards,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Bharath R.<br>
<br>
<span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-=
serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">From:</span></b><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif=
&quot;;color:windowtext"> Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 03, 2014 11:27 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.iet=
f.org; imc.shand@gmail.com; cfilsfil@cisco.com; sprevidi@cisco.com; Ning.So=
@tatacommunications.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-S=
pace.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Bharath<br>
<br>
I will run this past Mike when he gets back next week, but I think you are<=
br>
correct. Note that this simplification will not work when we come to node<b=
r>
protection since you must look at alternative paths through the nodes, but<=
br>
for link protection, I think you are correct to state that avoiding the rep=
airing<br>
node is sufficient.<br>
<br>
Thanks for picking this up.<br>
<br>
- Stewart<br>
<br>
On 03/01/2014 17:29, Bharath R wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Hi Stewart,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The point here is not about the P-Space, b=
ut the eligible Backup-Neighbor to reach P-Space.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">In the below topology, the P-Space remains=
 unchanged, but we have two possible backup-neighbors:</span><o:p></o:p></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">A1, which does not have looping problems</=
span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">A2, which loops back the traffic to S, and=
 then has it going via A1, before reaching the&nbsp; other P-Space nodes an=
d eventually the PQ node.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">But, with application of formula 2), we wi=
ll have only A1 as the viable backup Neighbor.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">And regarding the second formula ensuring =
that the packet does not take the failed link(The SE link):</span><o:p></o:=
p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">To re-quote the formulae:</span><o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">1). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Prote=
cted_link.RemoteNode) &#43; D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))</span><o:p=
></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">2). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Y))</=
span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Since formula 2). ensures that the packet =
does not reach S itself, the question of taking the SE link does not arise.=
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">In fact, the formula 2) gives a &#8216;non=
-loopingback&#8217; subset of neighbors as compared to formula 1).</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Furthermore, existence of a Neighbor(Ni) s=
atisfying Formula 1), but not satisfying formula 2), should imply existence=
 of some other Neighbor(Nj) satisfying formula 2).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Because eventually Ni will loopback the tr=
affic via Nj.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">So, we will not miss out on finding a viab=
le neighbor if one exists.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Please let me know if there is any gap in =
my understanding/analysis.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks and regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Bharath R.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">From:</span></b><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif=
&quot;;color:windowtext"> Stewart Bryant [<a href=3D"mailto:stbryant@cisco.=
com">mailto:stbryant@cisco.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 03, 2014 10:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bharath R; <a href=3D"mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org">rtgwg@ietf.org</a>;=
 <a href=3D"mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org">
draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:imc.shand=
@gmail.com">
imc.shand@gmail.com</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:cfilsfil@cisco.com">cfilsfil@cis=
co.com</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com">sprevidi@cisco.com</a>; <a href=3D"ma=
ilto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com">
Ning.So@tatacommunications.com</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-S=
pace.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">The purpose of the two protected link terms was to<b=
r>
make sure that there was no attempt to reach PQ via<br>
that link. If we remove them we need to make sure<br>
that no topology will cause that path to be taken,<br>
and I think that your equation could fail on that<br>
account.<br>
<br>
I need to think about this some more, but<br>
even if A2 is in P space, it is not in D's<br>
Qspace so surely the point is moot?<br>
<br>
- Stewart<br>
<br>
On 03/01/2014 14:40, Bharath R wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thank you for your reply =
Stuart</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Sorry, the formula is not=
 verbatim from the draft, but if you refer to the formula in
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Compute_Extended_P_Space()snippet
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">in the
</span><a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04=
">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04</a><span style=
=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">,
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">you will find that the formula used maps to</span=
><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Protected=
_link.RemoteNode) &#43; D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))</span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Here:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">S : Source Node.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Ni: &nbsp;Neighbor,
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(x, y): Optimal distance from x to y.</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Sorry for the corruption in topology. I am recreating it=
 here:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">and A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</=
span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"=
>S cost is 5; (Only in the direction as indicated., the other direction cos=
t is unity)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">All other costs are unity.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|ProtectedLink</span><o:p></o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; ---------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; ----------------</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|5=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; A1&nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp=
;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; B&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |--------------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;=
&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Yes, even I am not sure of the practicality of th=
e above topology,
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">But, my only point was that we have a simpler,
<br>
easier to use formula:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Y))</span=
><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">to find viable backups Neighbors to reach P-Space=
.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Further, the formula does not result in exclusion=
 of any viable Neighbor that loop-back to the source.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Would be great if you can comment on that.</span>=
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Thanks and Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Bharath R.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">From:</span></b><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif=
&quot;;color:windowtext"> Stewart Bryant [<a href=3D"mailto:stbryant@cisco.=
com">mailto:stbryant@cisco.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 03, 2014 7:27 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bharath R; <a href=3D"mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org">rtgwg@ietf.org</a>;=
 <a href=3D"mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org">
draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:imc.shand=
@gmail.com">
imc.shand@gmail.com</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:cfilsfil@cisco.com">cfilsfil@cis=
co.com</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com">sprevidi@cisco.com</a>; <a href=3D"ma=
ilto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com">
Ning.So@tatacommunications.com</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-S=
pace.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Hi,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">I have a query on cost based formula for finding Extende=
d P-space.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">The current formula applies to Node y that is
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">1). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Prote=
cted_link.RemoteNode) &#43; D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))</span><o:p=
></o:p></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br>
Bharath<br>
<br>
I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or your code?<br>
<br>
Also the example below has been corrupted.<br>
<br>
Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA solutions, but<br>
it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies other than<br>
by accident.<br>
<br>
Stewart<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">I guess the rationale behind the current formula is that=
 the packet on the LDP tunnel should not traverse the ProtectedLink.</span>=
<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">But, please consider the following toplogy.</span><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span=
><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">B c=
ost is 5 and A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span><span=
 style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S
 cost is 3; (Both only in the direction as indicated., the other direction =
cost is unity)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">All other costs are unity.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Following the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup =
neighbors(with P-Space B and C).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">However, an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S, =
taking A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span><span style=
=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S</span><span s=
tyle=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;C=
alibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">A1
 path.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
; &nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |ProtectedLink</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span>=
<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; ---------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ----------------</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |=
5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; A1&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; A2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:=
p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &=
nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p=
>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</=
span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p>=
</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; B&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |--------------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;=
&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">How about using the following basic formula instead?</sp=
an><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">2). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Y))</=
span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Advantages:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-a=
lt:auto;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><s=
pan style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New =
Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quo=
t;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The formula two ensures that the packet does not=
 loopback to S.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-a=
lt:auto;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><s=
pan style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New =
Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quo=
t;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Also as per my understanding, if there is Neighb=
or Ni that satisfies 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies that there is =
definitely one more Neigbhro Nj which satisfies 1) both
 1) and 2).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">(Because if there is a neighbor satisfying 1) and not sa=
tisfy 2), then the packet will loopback via some other neighbor which satis=
fies 2)).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><br>
</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot=
;">Given that formula 2) ensures that we don&#8217;t select any neighbor wh=
ich simply loopbacks the packet to the source and forwards via other viable=
 Neighbor, it will be more advantageous to employ Formula 2).</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Please let me know if I am missing something, or if ther=
e is a good use case that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in this example, ov=
er backup neighbor A1.(Given that traffic will exit via
 A1 anyway).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Thanks and Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Bharath R</span><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-fam=
ily:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>For corporate legal information go to:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href=3D"http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/ind=
ex.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html=
</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
</blockquote>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>For corporate legal information go to:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href=3D"http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/ind=
ex.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html=
</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
</blockquote>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>For corporate legal information go to:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre><a href=3D"http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/ind=
ex.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html=
</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_f4f8dd80ba2d42d8a35f18c552726badBY2PR05MB568namprd05pro_--

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From: Bharath R <rbharath@juniper.net>
To: "'stbryant@cisco.com'" <'stbryant@cisco.com'>, "rtgwg@ietf.org" <rtgwg@ietf.org>, "draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org" <draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org>, "imc.shand@gmail.com" <imc.shand@gmail.com>, "cfilsfil@cisco.com" <cfilsfil@cisco.com>, "sprevidi@cisco.com" <sprevidi@cisco.com>, "Ning.So@tatacommunications.com" <Ning.So@tatacommunications.com>
Subject: FW: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.
Thread-Topic: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.
Thread-Index: Ac8Id9tfGC7DxP3KTpWaJMen1KzBtgAE9PWAAADSKUAABbFuAAAAR+zAAAGX5QAAAAsFkAAAjBhA
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2014 18:20:17 +0000
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--_000_3304a77779394ac4a73c27a1ce1f4680BY2PR05MB568namprd05pro_
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Just wanted to make explicit that the loop-causing neighbor packets reachin=
g out a loop-causing neighbor A2, would eventually exit out of one of the n=
on-loop causing viable Neighbor A1.
So, could there still be a practical use-case for choosing A2 over A1?

Thanks and Regards,
Bharath R.

From: Bharath R
Sent: Friday, January 03, 2014 11:39 PM
To: 'stbryant@cisco.com'; rtgwg@ietf.org; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools=
.ietf.org; imc.shand@gmail.com; cfilsfil@cisco.com; sprevidi@cisco.com; Nin=
g.So@tatacommunications.com
Subject: RE: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.

Hi Stewart,
Thanks for your inputs.
Yes, this formula does not cover the Node-protecting P-Space, for which the=
 formulae specified in
https://ietf.org/doc/draft-psarkar-rtgwg-rlfa-node-protection/

Thanks for your offer of running this by Mike. Hoping to hear from that.

Also, I would like one more input, if you may:
Do you think there would be some practical use-case for preferring A2(loop =
causing neighbor) as the backup-neighbor over A1(non loop-causing Neighbor)=
?

Thanks and Regards,
Bharath R.
From: Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
Sent: Friday, January 03, 2014 11:27 PM
To: Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org<mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org>; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remo=
te-lfa@tools.ietf.org<mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org>; i=
mc.shand@gmail.com<mailto:imc.shand@gmail.com>; cfilsfil@cisco.com<mailto:c=
filsfil@cisco.com>; sprevidi@cisco.com<mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com>; Ning.So@=
tatacommunications.com<mailto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com>
Subject: Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.

Bharath

I will run this past Mike when he gets back next week, but I think you are
correct. Note that this simplification will not work when we come to node
protection since you must look at alternative paths through the nodes, but
for link protection, I think you are correct to state that avoiding the rep=
airing
node is sufficient.

Thanks for picking this up.

- Stewart

On 03/01/2014 17:29, Bharath R wrote:
Hi Stewart,
The point here is not about the P-Space, but the eligible Backup-Neighbor t=
o reach P-Space.
In the below topology, the P-Space remains unchanged, but we have two possi=
ble backup-neighbors:
A1, which does not have looping problems
A2, which loops back the traffic to S, and then has it going via A1, before=
 reaching the  other P-Space nodes and eventually the PQ node.
But, with application of formula 2), we will have only A1 as the viable bac=
kup Neighbor.

And regarding the second formula ensuring that the packet does not take the=
 failed link(The SE link):

To re-quote the formulae:
1). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) + D_=
opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))
2). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))


Since formula 2). ensures that the packet does not reach S itself, the ques=
tion of taking the SE link does not arise.
In fact, the formula 2) gives a 'non-loopingback' subset of neighbors as co=
mpared to formula 1).

Furthermore, existence of a Neighbor(Ni) satisfying Formula 1), but not sat=
isfying formula 2), should imply existence of some other Neighbor(Nj) satis=
fying formula 2).
Because eventually Ni will loopback the traffic via Nj.
So, we will not miss out on finding a viable neighbor if one exists.

Please let me know if there is any gap in my understanding/analysis.

Thanks and regards,
Bharath R.

From: Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
Sent: Friday, January 03, 2014 10:34 PM
To: Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org<mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org>; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remo=
te-lfa@tools.ietf.org<mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org>; i=
mc.shand@gmail.com<mailto:imc.shand@gmail.com>; cfilsfil@cisco.com<mailto:c=
filsfil@cisco.com>; sprevidi@cisco.com<mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com>; Ning.So@=
tatacommunications.com<mailto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com>
Subject: Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.

The purpose of the two protected link terms was to
make sure that there was no attempt to reach PQ via
that link. If we remove them we need to make sure
that no topology will cause that path to be taken,
and I think that your equation could fail on that
account.

I need to think about this some more, but
even if A2 is in P space, it is not in D's
Qspace so surely the point is moot?

- Stewart

On 03/01/2014 14:40, Bharath R wrote:
Thank you for your reply Stuart

Sorry, the formula is not verbatim from the draft, but if you refer to the =
formula in
Compute_Extended_P_Space()snippet
in the http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04,

you will find that the formula used maps to
D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) + D_opt(=
Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))
Here:
S : Source Node.
Ni:  Neighbor,
D_opt(x, y): Optimal distance from x to y.

Sorry for the corruption in topology. I am recreating it here:
and A2-->S cost is 5; (Only in the direction as indicated., the other direc=
tion cost is unity)
All other costs are unity.


                                                                  |--------=
-----|
                                                                  |        =
S       |
                                                                  |--------=
-----|
                                                                   |      |=
       |
                                                                   |      |=
       |ProtectedLink
                                                                   |      |=
       |
                                                                   |      |=
       |
                                                  ---------------     |    =
  ----------------
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
5                        |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                            |     A1    |          |    A2 =
    |        |     E       |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                            |-----------|                  =
             |-----------|
                                            |     B       |                =
                |     D      |
                                            |-----------|                  =
              |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                  |-----=
------|              |
                                                  |--------------|     C   =
   |-----------|
                                                                      |----=
-------|

Yes, even I am not sure of the practicality of the above topology,
But, my only point was that we have a simpler,
easier to use formula:
D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))
to find viable backups Neighbors to reach P-Space.
Further, the formula does not result in exclusion of any viable Neighbor th=
at loop-back to the source.

Would be great if you can comment on that.

Thanks and Regards,
Bharath R.

From: Stewart Bryant [mailto:stbryant@cisco.com]
Sent: Friday, January 03, 2014 7:27 PM
To: Bharath R; rtgwg@ietf.org<mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org>; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remo=
te-lfa@tools.ietf.org<mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org>; i=
mc.shand@gmail.com<mailto:imc.shand@gmail.com>; cfilsfil@cisco.com<mailto:c=
filsfil@cisco.com>; sprevidi@cisco.com<mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com>; Ning.So@=
tatacommunications.com<mailto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com>
Subject: Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-Space.

On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:
Hi,
I have a query on cost based formula for finding Extended P-space.
The current formula applies to Node y that is
1). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Protected_link.RemoteNode) + D_=
opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))

Bharath

I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or your code?

Also the example below has been corrupted.

Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA solutions, but
it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies other than
by accident.

Stewart






I guess the rationale behind the current formula is that the packet on the =
LDP tunnel should not traverse the ProtectedLink.


But, please consider the following toplogy.
A2-->B cost is 5 and A2-->S cost is 3; (Both only in the direction as indic=
ated., the other direction cost is unity)
All other costs are unity.
Following the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup neighbors(with P-Sp=
ace B and C).
However, an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S, taking A2-->S-->A1 =
path.

                                                                 |---------=
----|
                                                                  |     S  =
     |
                                                                  |--------=
-----|
                                                                    |      =
|      |
                                                                   |      |=
      |
                                                                    |      =
|      |ProtectedLink
                                                                   |      |=
      |
                                                                    |      =
|      |
                                                 |      |      |
                                                  ---------------      |   =
   ----------------
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                       |=
                          |
                                                  |                        =
|5                        |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                            |     A1   |         |    A2   =
  |        |     E       |
                                            |-----------|         |--------=
---|        |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                        |
                                                  |                        =
                            |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                                                  |                        =
                           |
                               |-----------|                          |----=
-------|
                                            |     B       |                =
                |     D    |
                                            |-----------|                  =
              |-----------|
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                        =
                          |
                                                  |                  |-----=
------|              |
                                                  |--------------|     C   =
   |-----------|
                                                                       |---=
--------|

How about using the following basic formula instead?
2). D_opt(Ni, Y) < (D_opt(Ni, S) + D_opt(S, Y))


Advantages:
=B7         The formula two ensures that the packet does not loopback to S.
=B7         Also as per my understanding, if there is Neighbor Ni that sati=
sfies 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies that there is definitely one =
more Neigbhro Nj which satisfies 1) both 1) and 2).
(Because if there is a neighbor satisfying 1) and not satisfy 2), then the =
packet will loopback via some other neighbor which satisfies 2)).

Given that formula 2) ensures that we don't select any neighbor which simpl=
y loopbacks the packet to the source and forwards via other viable Neighbor=
, it will be more advantageous to employ Formula 2).

Please let me know if I am missing something, or if there is a good use cas=
e that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in this example, over backup neighbor =
A1.(Given that traffic will exit via A1 anyway).




Thanks and Regards,
Bharath R.






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<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Just wanted to make expli=
cit that the loop-causing neighbor packets reaching out a loop-causing neig=
hbor A2, would eventually exit out of one of the non-loop
 causing viable Neighbor A1.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">So, could there still be =
a practical use-case for choosing A2 over A1?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks and Regards,<br>
Bharath R.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span><=
/p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">From:</span></b><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif=
&quot;;color:windowtext"> Bharath R
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 03, 2014 11:39 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'stbryant@cisco.com'; rtgwg@ietf.org; draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lf=
a@tools.ietf.org; imc.shand@gmail.com; cfilsfil@cisco.com; sprevidi@cisco.c=
om; Ning.So@tatacommunications.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-S=
pace.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Hi Stewart,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks for your inputs.<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Yes, this formula does no=
t cover the Node-protecting P-Space, for which the formulae specified in
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><a href=3D"https://ietf.org/doc/draft-psarkar-rtgwg-=
rlfa-node-protection/">https://ietf.org/doc/draft-psarkar-rtgwg-rlfa-node-p=
rotection/</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks for your offer of running this by Mike. Hopin=
g to hear from that.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Also, I would like one more input, if you may:<o:p><=
/o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Do you think there would be some practical use-case =
for preferring A2(loop causing neighbor) as the backup-neighbor over A1(non=
 loop-causing Neighbor)?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks and Regards,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt">Bharath R.<span style=
=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;=
;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">From:</span></b><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif=
&quot;;color:windowtext"> Stewart Bryant [<a href=3D"mailto:stbryant@cisco.=
com">mailto:stbryant@cisco.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 03, 2014 11:27 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bharath R; <a href=3D"mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org">rtgwg@ietf.org</a>;=
 <a href=3D"mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org">
draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:imc.shand=
@gmail.com">
imc.shand@gmail.com</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:cfilsfil@cisco.com">cfilsfil@cis=
co.com</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com">sprevidi@cisco.com</a>; <a href=3D"ma=
ilto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com">
Ning.So@tatacommunications.com</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-S=
pace.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Bharath<br>
<br>
I will run this past Mike when he gets back next week, but I think you are<=
br>
correct. Note that this simplification will not work when we come to node<b=
r>
protection since you must look at alternative paths through the nodes, but<=
br>
for link protection, I think you are correct to state that avoiding the rep=
airing<br>
node is sufficient.<br>
<br>
Thanks for picking this up.<br>
<br>
- Stewart<br>
<br>
On 03/01/2014 17:29, Bharath R wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Hi Stewart,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The point here is not about the P-Space, b=
ut the eligible Backup-Neighbor to reach P-Space.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">In the below topology, the P-Space remains=
 unchanged, but we have two possible backup-neighbors:</span><o:p></o:p></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">A1, which does not have looping problems</=
span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">A2, which loops back the traffic to S, and=
 then has it going via A1, before reaching the&nbsp; other P-Space nodes an=
d eventually the PQ node.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">But, with application of formula 2), we wi=
ll have only A1 as the viable backup Neighbor.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">And regarding the second formula ensuring =
that the packet does not take the failed link(The SE link):</span><o:p></o:=
p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">To re-quote the formulae:</span><o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">1). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Prote=
cted_link.RemoteNode) &#43; D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))</span><o:p=
></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">2). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Y))</=
span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Since formula 2). ensures that the packet =
does not reach S itself, the question of taking the SE link does not arise.=
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">In fact, the formula 2) gives a &#8216;non=
-loopingback&#8217; subset of neighbors as compared to formula 1).</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Furthermore, existence of a Neighbor(Ni) s=
atisfying Formula 1), but not satisfying formula 2), should imply existence=
 of some other Neighbor(Nj) satisfying formula 2).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Because eventually Ni will loopback the tr=
affic via Nj.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">So, we will not miss out on finding a viab=
le neighbor if one exists.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Please let me know if there is any gap in =
my understanding/analysis.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks and regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Bharath R.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">From:</span></b><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif=
&quot;;color:windowtext"> Stewart Bryant [<a href=3D"mailto:stbryant@cisco.=
com">mailto:stbryant@cisco.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 03, 2014 10:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bharath R; <a href=3D"mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org">rtgwg@ietf.org</a>;=
 <a href=3D"mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org">
draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:imc.shand=
@gmail.com">
imc.shand@gmail.com</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:cfilsfil@cisco.com">cfilsfil@cis=
co.com</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com">sprevidi@cisco.com</a>; <a href=3D"ma=
ilto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com">
Ning.So@tatacommunications.com</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-S=
pace.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">The purpose of the two protected link terms was to<b=
r>
make sure that there was no attempt to reach PQ via<br>
that link. If we remove them we need to make sure<br>
that no topology will cause that path to be taken,<br>
and I think that your equation could fail on that<br>
account.<br>
<br>
I need to think about this some more, but<br>
even if A2 is in P space, it is not in D's<br>
Qspace so surely the point is moot?<br>
<br>
- Stewart<br>
<br>
On 03/01/2014 14:40, Bharath R wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thank you for your reply =
Stuart</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Sorry, the formula is not=
 verbatim from the draft, but if you refer to the formula in
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Compute_Extended_P_Space()snippet
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">in the
</span><a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04=
">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-04</a><span style=
=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">,
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">you will find that the formula used maps to</span=
><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Protected=
_link.RemoteNode) &#43; D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))</span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Here:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">S : Source Node.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Ni: &nbsp;Neighbor,
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(x, y): Optimal distance from x to y.</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Sorry for the corruption in topology. I am recreating it=
 here:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">and A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</=
span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"=
>S cost is 5; (Only in the direction as indicated., the other direction cos=
t is unity)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">All other costs are unity.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|ProtectedLink</span><o:p></o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; ---------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; ----------------</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|5=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; A1&nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp=
;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; B&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |--------------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;=
&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Yes, even I am not sure of the practicality of th=
e above topology,
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">But, my only point was that we have a simpler,
<br>
easier to use formula:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Y))</span=
><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">to find viable backups Neighbors to reach P-Space=
.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Further, the formula does not result in exclusion=
 of any viable Neighbor that loop-back to the source.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Would be great if you can comment on that.</span>=
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Thanks and Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Bharath R.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New , serif=
&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:windowtext">From:</span></b><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif=
&quot;;color:windowtext"> Stewart Bryant [<a href=3D"mailto:stbryant@cisco.=
com">mailto:stbryant@cisco.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 03, 2014 7:27 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bharath R; <a href=3D"mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org">rtgwg@ietf.org</a>;=
 <a href=3D"mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org">
draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa@tools.ietf.org</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:imc.shand=
@gmail.com">
imc.shand@gmail.com</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:cfilsfil@cisco.com">cfilsfil@cis=
co.com</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:sprevidi@cisco.com">sprevidi@cisco.com</a>; <a href=3D"ma=
ilto:Ning.So@tatacommunications.com">
Ning.So@tatacommunications.com</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Regarding cost based algorithm for finding Extended P-S=
pace.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">On 03/01/2014 11:35, Bharath R wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Hi,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">I have a query on cost based formula for finding Extende=
d P-space.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">The current formula applies to Node y that is
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">1). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Prote=
cted_link.RemoteNode) &#43; D_opt(Protected_link.RemoteNode, Y))</span><o:p=
></o:p></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
Bharath<br>
<br>
I cannot see this text in the draft. Is it from the text or your code?<br>
<br>
Also the example below has been corrupted.<br>
<br>
Not that asymmetric costs are always problematic in LFA solutions, but<br>
it is not clear how frequently they show in real topologies other than<br>
by accident.<br>
<br>
Stewart<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">I guess the rationale behind the current formula is that=
 the packet on the LDP tunnel should not traverse the ProtectedLink.</span>=
<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">But, please consider the following toplogy.</span><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span=
><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">B c=
ost is 5 and A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span><span=
 style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S
 cost is 3; (Both only in the direction as indicated., the other direction =
cost is unity)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">All other costs are unity.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Following the formula, both A1 and A2 can become backup =
neighbors(with P-Space B and C).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">However, an LDP tunnel setup via A2 will loopback to S, =
taking A2</span><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span><span style=
=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">S</span><span s=
tyle=3D"font-family:Wingdings">=E0</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;C=
alibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">A1
 path.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
; &nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-------------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |ProtectedLink</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span>=
<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; ---------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ----------------</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |=
5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; A1&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; A2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:=
p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &=
nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p=
>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</=
span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</s=
pan><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p>=
</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; B&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; |</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; |--------------|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;=
&nbsp; |-----------|</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |-----------|&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">How about using the following basic formula instead?</sp=
an><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">2). D_opt(Ni, Y) &lt; (D_opt(Ni, S) &#43; D_opt(S, Y))</=
span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Advantages:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-a=
lt:auto;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><s=
pan style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New =
Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quo=
t;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The formula two ensures that the packet does not=
 loopback to S.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-a=
lt:auto;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><s=
pan style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New =
Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quo=
t;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Also as per my understanding, if there is Neighb=
or Ni that satisfies 1), but does not satisfy 2), it implies that there is =
definitely one more Neigbhro Nj which satisfies 1) both
 1) and 2).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">(Because if there is a neighbor satisfying 1) and not sa=
tisfy 2), then the packet will loopback via some other neighbor which satis=
fies 2)).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><br>
</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot=
;">Given that formula 2) ensures that we don&#8217;t select any neighbor wh=
ich simply loopbacks the packet to the source and forwards via other viable=
 Neighbor, it will be more advantageous to employ Formula 2).</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Please let me know if I am missing something, or if ther=
e is a good use case that may prefer backup-neighbor A2 in this example, ov=
er backup neighbor A1.(Given that traffic will exit via
 A1 anyway).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Thanks and Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;">Bharath R</span><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-fam=
ily:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>For corporate legal information go to:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href=3D"http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/ind=
ex.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html=
</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
</blockquote>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>For corporate legal information go to:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href=3D"http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/ind=
ex.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html=
</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
</blockquote>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>For corporate legal information go to:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre><a href=3D"http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/ind=
ex.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/legal/cri/index.html=
</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
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From curtis@ipv6.occnc.com  Mon Jan  6 09:00:15 2014
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To: Lou Berger <lberger@labn.net>
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 11 Dec 2013 13:57:47 -0500." <52A8B5AB.4040708@labn.net>
Subject: (resend) Re: RtgDir review: draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-13
From: Curtis Villamizar <curtis@ipv6.occnc.com>
Date: Mon, 06 Jan 2014 12:00:00 -0500
Cc: rtg-dir@ietf.org, draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement.all@tools.ietf.org, rtgwg@ietf.org, "rtg-ads@tools.ietf.org" <rtg-ads@tools.ietf.org>
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Lou et al,

Resending.  I'm not sure if the original (sent Tue, 17 Dec 2013) went
through to all recipients. There may have been a problem (due to a
self inflicted DNS issue).

I did not get a response so I suspect Lou didn't get this email.

Curtis


In message <52A8B5AB.4040708@labn.net>
Lou Berger writes:
>
> Hello,
>  
> I have been selected as the Routing Directorate reviewer for this draft.
> The Routing Directorate seeks to review all routing or routing-related
> drafts as they pass through IETF last call and IESG review. The purpose
> of the review is to provide assistance to the Routing ADs. For more
> information about the Routing Directorate, please see
> http://www.ietf.org/iesg/directorate/routing.html
>  
> Although these comments are primarily for the use of the Routing ADs, it
> would be helpful if you could consider them along with any other IETF
> Last Call comments that you receive, and strive to resolve them through
> discussion or by updating the draft.
>  
> Document: draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-13.txt
> Reviewer: Lou Berger
> Review Date: 2013-12-11
> IETF LC End Date: 2013-12-09
> Intended Status: Informational
>  
> Summary:
>  
>         I have some minor concerns about this document that I think
> should be resolved before publication.
>  
> Comments:
>  
>     I think the document is greatly improved since the previous last
> call.  I have some comments and reservations on the document that are
> described below.  As discussed on the list, I remain concerned about the
> value of defining requirements in terms of nebulous "Performance
> Objectives", but as this is acceptable to the WG I will not elaborate on
> this concern further.
>  
> Major Issues:
>  
>    No major issues found.
>  
> Minor Issues:
>  
> 1. Terminology & consistency: the document coins the term "Advanced
> Multipath":
>        Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
>  
> Do you see this term as a new noun, like LSP, or as an adjective?  I
> expected the latter, i.e. that it be used like "multipath" is used in
> the above sentence, but it seems to be used as a new noun.  I'm not sure
> coining a new noun really makes sense, but if this the intent then the
> last paragraph of section 2 needs to be revised as "Advanced Multipath"
> will now have a specific definition as opposed to a generic term. Also I
> suggest always capitalizing it (or even using the abbreviation "AM")
> will clarify this distinction.

I see multipath as a noun and therefore advanced multipath as a noun.
Advanced is an adjective, multipath as a noun.  Advanced Multipath is
the set of techniques that form a solution.  An advanced multipath is
a collection of componet links.  The former is capitalized, the latter
is not.  I'll check to see if I got that right in all occurances.  If
you would like I can also add this to the definition making it:

 OLD

   Advanced Multipath
       Advanced Multipath meets the requirements defined in this
       document.  A key capability of advanced multipath is the support
       of non-homogeneous component links.

 NEW

   Advanced Multipath
       Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
       that meets the requirements defined in this document.  A key
       capability of Advanced Multipath is the support of
       non-homogeneous component links.  An "advanced multipath" is a
       collection of component links.  In this document the former is
       capitalized and the latter is not.

If we agree on this I'll just search for "advanced" and make
capitalization consistent with the above statements.

I don't think the phrase "advanced multipath technique" makes it an
adjective any more than a statement such as make-before-break is an
MPLS technique" makes MPLS an adjective in normal use.  The phrase "an
X technique" is simply a shorthand for indicating a "technique
applicable to X".  Even if that makes it an adjective the phrase "MPLS
technique" is common and so that should not be a problem.  The
paragraph in question might be the following.  It seems benign to me.

   The term Advanced Multipath is intended to be used within the context
   of this document and the related documents,
   [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-use-cases] and [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-framework] and
   any other related document.  Other advanced multipath techniques may
   in the future arise.  If the capabilities defined in this document
   become commonplace, they would no longer be considered "advanced".
   Use of the term "advanced multipath" outside this document, if
   referring to the term as defined here, should indicate Advanced
   Multipath as defined by this document, citing the current document
   name.  If using another definition of "advanced multipath", documents
   may optionally clarify that they are not using the term "advanced
   multipath" as defined by this document if clarification is deemed
   helpful.

I see no problem with this.  Please be more specific if you think
there are places where advanced multipath is used as an adjective or
where its use is confusing.

> 2. Editorial: server and client layer vs upper and lower layer.
>  
> The document uses server and client layer networks and LSPs and,
> sometimes interchangeably or redundantly, upper and lower layer networks
> and LSPs.  I think this issue can be resolved by avoiding the term
> client/server when referring to network layers and just using the
> lower/upper terminology.  The one exception to this is in the definition
> Client LSP which should simply be defined in the context of a multipath,
> i.e.:
> OLD
> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
> NEW
> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over Advanced Multipath.

A client LSP can be set up over a server layer MPLS-TP LSP or any
server layer MPLS LSP or over a link layer or over a pseudowire ... or
over an advanced multipath.

> I think this also means that usage of the term "Client" is limited to
> "Client LSP".

I searched for all occurances of the word client.  All occurances are
"client LSP" excexpt the phrase "client of a client LSP" and that is
used only in the following paragraph.

   The ingress and egress of a multipath may be midpoint LSRs with
   respect to a given client LSP.  A midpoint LSR does not participate
   in the signaling of any clients of the client LSP.  Therefore, in
   general, multipath endpoints cannot determine requirements of clients
   of a client LSP through participation in the signaling of the clients
   of the client LSP.

THe point is that "A midpoint LSR does not participate in the
signaling of any clients of the client LSP" and that non-participation
in client (or higher layer) signaling applies to any "client of a
client LSP", not just other LSP running over it.

I then searched for all occurances of the words upper and lower and
higher.  There are no occurances of "upper".

There were a few occurances of "lower latency" and "higher latency".
Other than that, all occurances of lower and higher except one are in
the follwoing text:

 3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks

   A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
   example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
   MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).  The lower layer network may change
   the latency (and/or other performance parameters) seen by the client
   layer.  Currently, there is no protocol for the lower layer network
   to inform the higher layer network of a change in a performance
   parameter.  Communication of the latency performance parameter is a
   very important requirement.  Communication of other performance
   parameters (e.g., delay variation) is desirable.

   FR#8  The solution SHALL specify a protocol means to allow a lower
       layer server network to communicate latency to the higher layer
       client network.

The exception is this sentence:

     FR#22 The solution SHOULD support the use case where an advanced
       multipath itself is a component link for a higher order advanced
       multipath.  For example, an advanced multipath comprised of MPLS-
       TP bi-directional tunnels viewed as logical links could then be
       used as a component link in yet another advanced multipath that
       connects MPLS routers.

The terms lower layer and higher layer go all the way back to the ISO
seven layer model of ancient times (1970s?, 1980s?) and maybe further
back but that is before even my time.

I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
definitions:

   Higher Layers
      A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
      client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.

   Lower Layers
      A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
      The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.

Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
it is necessary, I will add it.

> 3. Technical: The document should make it clear that LSPs can provide
> paths from an Advanced Multipath.  I suggest adding something like the
> the following at the end of page 3
>    d. a lower layer LSP.

Case "b." is intended to include LSP but is not specifically limited
to LSP.  Multipath (not Advanced Multipath) includes IGP ECMP,
Ethernet Link Aggregation, and all sorts of things that don't involve
MPLS at all.  For example, a path in Ethernet Link Aggregation Group
(LAG) could be supported by a pseudowires or ODU2e or GFP-F, though
this would be unknown to the LAG, or in the simplest case each path in
the set of LAG members could be supported by a plain Ethernet cable.

> and at the end of the Component Link definition:
>    A component link may be provided via an LSP.

I think this is covered in "3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower
Layer Networks".

 3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks

   A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
   example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
   MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).

This sort of statement could be made earlier.  For example in the
discussion following the definitions (on page 5) the document covers
one case (where a component link is not an LSP) but it is not until
later that the other case is mentioned.

I could add a paragraph in the discussion following the definitions
that mentions that a component link can also be another LSP.

 OLD:

   A Component Link may be a point-to-point physical link (where a
   "physical link" includes one or more link layer plus a physical
   layer) or a logical link that preserves ordering in the steady state.
   A component link may have transient out of order events, but such
   events must not exceed the network's Performance Objectives.  For
   example, a component link may be comprised of any supportable
   combination of link layers over a physical layer or over logical sub-
   layers, including those providing physical layer emulation.

 NEW:

   A Component Link may be a point-to-point physical link (where a
   "physical link" includes one or more link layer plus a physical
   layer) or a logical link that preserves ordering in the steady state.
   A component link may have transient out of order events, but such
   events must not exceed the network's Performance Objectives.  For
   example, a component link may be comprised of any supportable
   combination of link layers over a physical layer or over logical sub-
   layers, including those providing physical layer emulation, or over
    MPLS server layer LSP.

These are identical except the phrase ", or over MPLS server layer
LSP" added to the end of the last sentence.

> 4. Editorial: Unless I'm mistaken, the requirements in this document
> apply to the Advanced Multipath solution.  In most cases the document
> states requirements in the form of "The solution", but in a few cases it
> just says "advanced multipath".  I think these cases should be changed
> to apply to an "Advanced Multipath solution".  I think this comment
> applies to FR1, FR7, FR18, FR23, GR3-5, and MR1-9.

That is not correct.  For example:

   FR#1  An advanced multipath MAY be announced in conjunction with
       detailed parameters about its component links, such as bandwidth
       and latency.  The advanced multipath SHALL behave as a single IGP
       adjacency.

In this requirement the "advanced multipath" is a specific collection
of component links that is announced by way of an MPLS Forwarding
Adjaccency (FA) in the IGP.  The same is true for the other
requirements cited.  In all of these cases an advanced multipath is a
specific collection of component links.  There is a typo in MR#1.

 OLD

   MR#1  Management Plane MUST support polling of the status and
       configuration of an advanced multipath and its individual
       advanced multipath and support notification of status change.

 NEW

   MR#1  Management Plane MUST support polling of the status and
       configuration of an advanced multipath and its individual
       component links and support notification of status change.

In the last line
s/advanced multipath/component links/

> 5. Technical: use of "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15:
> In these cases it is unclear if the requirements apply to
> (a) a client's ability to indicate a desired service/LSP constraint or
> (b) a selected component link's attribute that will be used by a client
> LSP,
> (c) both, or
> (d) something completely different
> The requirements should be clear to which entity the requirement applies.

This "indication" can be through signaling or the management plane and
both must be supported in later framework and protocol definitions and
we can argue then whether both must be supported or if one or the
other is a "should" in RFC 2119 speak.

There was concern that the word "signal" would exclude providing the
same informantion through the management plane and therefore the word
"indicate" is used.

Rather than spell this out many times we hoped this would be clear.  I
could add clarifying text up front if you think this is necessary.  For
example, I could add the following before FR#1.

   FR#0  In requirements that follow in this document the word
      "indicate" is used where information may be provided by either
      the combination of link state IGP advertisement and MPLS LSP
      signaling or via management plane protocols.  In later documents
      providing framework and protocol definitions both signaling and
      management plane mechanisms MUST be defined.

It would be trivial to make this FR#1 and renumber the rest.

Should I add it and renumber?

> 6. The last paragraph in section 3.3. strikes me as both odd and out of
> place.  There are so many possible decisions that must be considered by
> network operators relative to disruption and optimization.  Why mention
> just "power reduction"?  Is there something special about the
> interactions of multipath and power reduction?  What value / information
> does this paragraph add?

The last paragraph in section 3.3 is:

   Allowing multipath to contain component links with different
   characteristics can improve the overall load balance and can be
   accomplished while still accommodating the more strict requirements
   of a subset of client LSP.

I'm not sure if this is the "odd and out of place" paragraph you refer
to.  It summarizes the purpose of the requirements in this section.  I
think you mean section 3.5 and not 3.3.

The remainder of your paragraph above discusses power reducetion and
this is only mentioned in section 3.5 so I think you mean this
paragraph.

   As with any load balancing change, a change initiated for the purpose
   of power reduction may be minimally disruptive.  Typically the
   disruption is limited to a change in delay characteristics and the
   potential for a very brief period with traffic reordering.  The
   network operator when configuring a network for power reduction
   should weigh the benefit of power reduction against the disadvantage
   of a minimal disruption.

The paragraphs following a set of requirements provide discussion
related to that set of requirements.  I don't see this as out of
place.  The prior two paragraphs discuss delay discontinuity.  This
paragraph is a reminder that "As with any load balancing change, a
change initiated for the purpose of power reduction may be minimally
disruptive."  I don't see this as out of place.

For example, to compensate for a less than perfect load balance a
subset of LSPs may need to be moved and that subset can be chosen from
those which will be least affected (and there are plenty of
requirements that compell the fussy LSP to tell the network abour
their specifial needs).  To power down a component link, *all* LSP on
that component link need to be moved, even the very fussy ones.
Therefore I think mentioning that disruption should be considered is
not out of place in the discussion following these requirements.  We
like to keep the discussion brief so this level of detail was not
included.

> 7. Terminology: In GR4&5: what is a "MPLS network topology"? Do you mean AS?

At the very least it means something similar to same administrative
domain.  An AS can be subdivided within an organization.  Do you have
a better way to define intra-domain and inter-domain without going
down the rat hole of defining the term "domain"?  No on in the WG had
an issue with this so far but I'm open for a suggestion for better
wording.

> Nits:
>  
> - References should be provided in all cases when referring to
>   "existing ... techniques"

References are not allowed in the abstract.  In section 3.3 is the sentence:

   Refer to the Appendices in [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-use-cases] for a
   description of existing techniques and a set of references.

Much of that document is dedicated to describing existing techniques
and it contains quite a few references.

I can move this sentence.  Where in the document would you like to see
it moved to?

> Using line numbers from
> http://tools.ietf.org/idnits?url=http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-13.txt

Using line number is a text editor counts the page headers.  What tool
are you using?  I didn't see anything on tools.ietf.org.

So I'll guess.  Looks like add 10 lines per page.

> Line 112
> s/SHOULD/should

s/keywords, SHOULD be interpreted/keywords SHOULD be interpreted/

Also remove stray comma.

> Line 118
> s/MAY/may

s/deployment MAY choose to/deployment may choose to/

OK.  Could go either way but s/MAY chose to/MAY/ would work too.

> Line 149, match intro:
> s/Advanced Multipath meets/Advanced Multipath is a formalization of
> multipath techniques that meet

OK.

> Lines 251-254, beginning with "The" through the end of the paragraph.
> This should be an FR.

Looks like you mean this:

   The transient period between some service disrupting
   event and the convergence of the routing and/or signaling protocols
   MUST occur within a time frame specified by Performance Objective
   values.

OK.  I'll add this as FR#6++.

> That's it,
> Lou

There are a few suggestions for changes to the text based on your
comments and a few questions for you.  Based on your response to this
email I will edit the document.

Thanks for the thorough review.

Curtis

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Hi Curtis,
	Thanks for the response.  See below

On 1/6/2014 12:00 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> Lou et al,
> 
> Resending.  I'm not sure if the original (sent Tue, 17 Dec 2013) went
> through to all recipients. There may have been a problem (due to a
> self inflicted DNS issue).
> 
> I did not get a response so I suspect Lou didn't get this email.
> 
> Curtis
> 
> 
> In message <52A8B5AB.4040708@labn.net>
> Lou Berger writes:
>>
>> Hello,
>>  
>> I have been selected as the Routing Directorate reviewer for this draft.
>> The Routing Directorate seeks to review all routing or routing-related
>> drafts as they pass through IETF last call and IESG review. The purpose
>> of the review is to provide assistance to the Routing ADs. For more
>> information about the Routing Directorate, please see
>> http://www.ietf.org/iesg/directorate/routing.html
>>  
>> Although these comments are primarily for the use of the Routing ADs, it
>> would be helpful if you could consider them along with any other IETF
>> Last Call comments that you receive, and strive to resolve them through
>> discussion or by updating the draft.
>>  
>> Document: draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-13.txt
>> Reviewer: Lou Berger
>> Review Date: 2013-12-11
>> IETF LC End Date: 2013-12-09
>> Intended Status: Informational
>>  
>> Summary:
>>  
>>         I have some minor concerns about this document that I think
>> should be resolved before publication.
>>  
>> Comments:
>>  
>>     I think the document is greatly improved since the previous last
>> call.  I have some comments and reservations on the document that are
>> described below.  As discussed on the list, I remain concerned about the
>> value of defining requirements in terms of nebulous "Performance
>> Objectives", but as this is acceptable to the WG I will not elaborate on
>> this concern further.
>>  
>> Major Issues:
>>  
>>    No major issues found.
>>  
>> Minor Issues:
>>  
>> 1. Terminology & consistency: the document coins the term "Advanced
>> Multipath":
>>        Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
>>  
>> Do you see this term as a new noun, like LSP, or as an adjective?  I
>> expected the latter, i.e. that it be used like "multipath" is used in
>> the above sentence, but it seems to be used as a new noun.  I'm not sure
>> coining a new noun really makes sense, but if this the intent then the
>> last paragraph of section 2 needs to be revised as "Advanced Multipath"
>> will now have a specific definition as opposed to a generic term. Also I
>> suggest always capitalizing it (or even using the abbreviation "AM")
>> will clarify this distinction.
> 
> I see multipath as a noun and therefore advanced multipath as a noun.
> Advanced is an adjective, multipath as a noun.  Advanced Multipath is
> the set of techniques that form a solution.  An advanced multipath is
> a collection of componet links.  The former is capitalized, the latter
> is not.  I'll check to see if I got that right in all occurances.  If
> you would like I can also add this to the definition making it:
> 
>  OLD
> 
>    Advanced Multipath
>        Advanced Multipath meets the requirements defined in this
>        document.  A key capability of advanced multipath is the support
>        of non-homogeneous component links.
> 
>  NEW
> 
>    Advanced Multipath
>        Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
>        that meets the requirements defined in this document.  A key
>        capability of Advanced Multipath is the support of
>        non-homogeneous component links. 

Okay.  Then I suggest using "AM" will help delineate this usage.

>  An "advanced multipath" is a
>        collection of component links.  In this document the former is
>        capitalized and the latter is not.
> 
> If we agree on this I'll just search for "advanced" and make
> capitalization consistent with the above statements.

the distinction based on capitalization seems likely to introduce
confusion in this document and in future uses, so I think it is a really
bad idea.

> 
> I don't think the phrase "advanced multipath technique" makes it an
> adjective any more than a statement such as make-before-break is an
> MPLS technique" makes MPLS an adjective in normal use.  The phrase "an
> X technique" is simply a shorthand for indicating a "technique
> applicable to X".  Even if that makes it an adjective the phrase "MPLS
> technique" is common and so that should not be a problem.  The
> paragraph in question might be the following.  It seems benign to me.
> 
>    The term Advanced Multipath is intended to be used within the context
>    of this document and the related documents,
>    [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-use-cases] and [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-framework] and
>    any other related document.  Other advanced multipath techniques may
>    in the future arise.  If the capabilities defined in this document
>    become commonplace, they would no longer be considered "advanced".
>    Use of the term "advanced multipath" outside this document, if
>    referring to the term as defined here, should indicate Advanced
>    Multipath as defined by this document, citing the current document
>    name.  If using another definition of "advanced multipath", documents
>    may optionally clarify that they are not using the term "advanced
>    multipath" as defined by this document if clarification is deemed
>    helpful.
> 
> I see no problem with this.  Please be more specific if you think
> there are places where advanced multipath is used as an adjective or
> where its use is confusing.
> 

I believe my confusion was not understanding the differences between
"Advanced Multipath" (with words capitalized) and "advanced multipath"
(with words lower cased).  While I understand this is your intent, I see
it as just leading to confusion. Ultimately, it's the author's / WG's
call, i.e., not mine, to make.

>> 2. Editorial: server and client layer vs upper and lower layer.
>>  
>> The document uses server and client layer networks and LSPs and,
>> sometimes interchangeably or redundantly, upper and lower layer networks
>> and LSPs.  I think this issue can be resolved by avoiding the term
>> client/server when referring to network layers and just using the
>> lower/upper terminology.  The one exception to this is in the definition
>> Client LSP which should simply be defined in the context of a multipath,
>> i.e.:
>> OLD
>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>> NEW
>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over Advanced Multipath.
> 
> A client LSP can be set up over a server layer MPLS-TP LSP or any
> server layer MPLS LSP or over a link layer or over a pseudowire ... or
> over an advanced multipath.
> 

Would you accept s/server layer/lower layer/g?

>> I think this also means that usage of the term "Client" is limited to
>> "Client LSP".
> 
> I searched for all occurances of the word client.  All occurances are
> "client LSP" excexpt the phrase "client of a client LSP" and that is
> used only in the following paragraph.
> 
>    The ingress and egress of a multipath may be midpoint LSRs with
>    respect to a given client LSP.  A midpoint LSR does not participate
>    in the signaling of any clients of the client LSP.  Therefore, in
>    general, multipath endpoints cannot determine requirements of clients
>    of a client LSP through participation in the signaling of the clients
>    of the client LSP.
> 
> THe point is that "A midpoint LSR does not participate in the
> signaling of any clients of the client LSP" and that non-participation
> in client (or higher layer) signaling applies to any "client of a
> client LSP", not just other LSP running over it.
> 
> I then searched for all occurances of the words upper and lower and
> higher.  There are no occurances of "upper".
> 
> There were a few occurances of "lower latency" and "higher latency".
> Other than that, all occurances of lower and higher except one are in
> the follwoing text:
> 
>  3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks
> 
>    A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
>    example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
>    MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).  The lower layer network may change
>    the latency (and/or other performance parameters) seen by the client
>    layer.  Currently, there is no protocol for the lower layer network
>    to inform the higher layer network of a change in a performance
>    parameter.  Communication of the latency performance parameter is a
>    very important requirement.  Communication of other performance
>    parameters (e.g., delay variation) is desirable.
> 
>    FR#8  The solution SHALL specify a protocol means to allow a lower
>        layer server network to communicate latency to the higher layer
>        client network.
> 
> The exception is this sentence:
> 
>      FR#22 The solution SHOULD support the use case where an advanced
>        multipath itself is a component link for a higher order advanced
>        multipath.  For example, an advanced multipath comprised of MPLS-
>        TP bi-directional tunnels viewed as logical links could then be
>        used as a component link in yet another advanced multipath that
>        connects MPLS routers.
> 
> The terms lower layer and higher layer go all the way back to the ISO
> seven layer model of ancient times (1970s?, 1980s?) and maybe further
> back but that is before even my time.
> 
> I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
> definitions:
> 
>    Higher Layers
>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
> 
>    Lower Layers
>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
> 
> Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
> it is necessary, I will add it.
> 
Perhaps we've talked (okay written) past each other.  I was suggesting
using/keeping the "higher and lower layer" terminology, not dropping it.
And to use it (consistently) in place of "client and server Layer".


>> 3. Technical: The document should make it clear that LSPs can provide
>> paths from an Advanced Multipath.  I suggest adding something like the
>> the following at the end of page 3
>>    d. a lower layer LSP.
> 
> Case "b." is intended to include LSP but is not specifically limited
> to LSP.  Multipath (not Advanced Multipath) includes IGP ECMP,
> Ethernet Link Aggregation, and all sorts of things that don't involve
> MPLS at all.  For example, a path in Ethernet Link Aggregation Group
> (LAG) could be supported by a pseudowires or ODU2e or GFP-F, though
> this would be unknown to the LAG, or in the simplest case each path in
> the set of LAG members could be supported by a plain Ethernet cable.
> 

okay, how about:
OLD
   b.  may be specific paths across a network to a destination
       node, or
NEW
   b.  specific paths across a network to a destination
       node (e.g., via an LSP), or

>> and at the end of the Component Link definition:
>>    A component link may be provided via an LSP.
> 
> I think this is covered in "3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower
> Layer Networks".
> 
>  3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks
> 
>    A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
>    example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
>    MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).
> 
> This sort of statement could be made earlier.  For example in the
> discussion following the definitions (on page 5) the document covers
> one case (where a component link is not an LSP) but it is not until
> later that the other case is mentioned.
> 
> I could add a paragraph in the discussion following the definitions
> that mentions that a component link can also be another LSP.
> 
>  OLD:
> 
>    A Component Link may be a point-to-point physical link (where a
>    "physical link" includes one or more link layer plus a physical
>    layer) or a logical link that preserves ordering in the steady state.
>    A component link may have transient out of order events, but such
>    events must not exceed the network's Performance Objectives.  For
>    example, a component link may be comprised of any supportable
>    combination of link layers over a physical layer or over logical sub-
>    layers, including those providing physical layer emulation.
> 
>  NEW:
> 
>    A Component Link may be a point-to-point physical link (where a
>    "physical link" includes one or more link layer plus a physical
>    layer) or a logical link that preserves ordering in the steady state.
>    A component link may have transient out of order events, but such
>    events must not exceed the network's Performance Objectives.  For
>    example, a component link may be comprised of any supportable
>    combination of link layers over a physical layer or over logical sub-
>    layers, including those providing physical layer emulation, or over
>     MPLS server layer LSP.
> 
> These are identical except the phrase ", or over MPLS server layer
> LSP" added to the end of the last sentence.

Sure.

> 
>> 4. Editorial: Unless I'm mistaken, the requirements in this document
>> apply to the Advanced Multipath solution.  In most cases the document
>> states requirements in the form of "The solution", but in a few cases it
>> just says "advanced multipath".  I think these cases should be changed
>> to apply to an "Advanced Multipath solution".  I think this comment
>> applies to FR1, FR7, FR18, FR23, GR3-5, and MR1-9.
> 
> That is not correct.  For example:
> 
>    FR#1  An advanced multipath MAY be announced in conjunction with
>        detailed parameters about its component links, such as bandwidth
>        and latency.  The advanced multipath SHALL behave as a single IGP
>        adjacency.
> 
> In this requirement the "advanced multipath" is a specific collection
> of component links that is announced by way of an MPLS Forwarding
> Adjaccency (FA) in the IGP.  The same is true for the other
> requirements cited.  In all of these cases an advanced multipath is a
> specific collection of component links.  

Hereto, the distinction between "advanced multipath" and "Advanced
Multipath" was lost on me.

> There is a typo in MR#1.
> 
>  OLD
> 
>    MR#1  Management Plane MUST support polling of the status and
>        configuration of an advanced multipath and its individual
>        advanced multipath and support notification of status change.
> 
>  NEW
> 
>    MR#1  Management Plane MUST support polling of the status and
>        configuration of an advanced multipath and its individual
>        component links and support notification of status change.
> 
> In the last line
> s/advanced multipath/component links/
> 
>> 5. Technical: use of "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15:
>> In these cases it is unclear if the requirements apply to
>> (a) a client's ability to indicate a desired service/LSP constraint or
>> (b) a selected component link's attribute that will be used by a client
>> LSP,
>> (c) both, or
>> (d) something completely different
>> The requirements should be clear to which entity the requirement applies.
> 
> This "indication" can be through signaling or the management plane and
> both must be supported in later framework and protocol definitions and
> we can argue then whether both must be supported or if one or the
> other is a "should" in RFC 2119 speak.
> 
> There was concern that the word "signal" would exclude providing the
> same informantion through the management plane and therefore the word
> "indicate" is used.
> 
> Rather than spell this out many times we hoped this would be clear.  I
> could add clarifying text up front if you think this is necessary.  For
> example, I could add the following before FR#1.
> 
>    FR#0  In requirements that follow in this document the word
>       "indicate" is used where information may be provided by either
>       the combination of link state IGP advertisement and MPLS LSP
>       signaling or via management plane protocols.  In later documents
>       providing framework and protocol definitions both signaling and
>       management plane mechanisms MUST be defined.
> 

So is this the IGP/signaling that runs between a client an an AM "LER",
between an AM "LSR" and its server network, or between AM LSRs?  If I
understand AM properly, there may be *up to* there separate instances.
Am I missing something?


> It would be trivial to make this FR#1 and renumber the rest.
> 

I don't think the FR helped clarify the above question.

> Should I add it and renumber?
> 
>> 6. The last paragraph in section 3.3. strikes me as both odd and out of
>> place.  There are so many possible decisions that must be considered by
>> network operators relative to disruption and optimization.  Why mention
>> just "power reduction"?  Is there something special about the
>> interactions of multipath and power reduction?  What value / information
>> does this paragraph add?
> 
> The last paragraph in section 3.3 is:
> 
>    Allowing multipath to contain component links with different
>    characteristics can improve the overall load balance and can be
>    accomplished while still accommodating the more strict requirements
>    of a subset of client LSP.
> 
> I'm not sure if this is the "odd and out of place" paragraph you refer
> to.  It summarizes the purpose of the requirements in this section.  I
> think you mean section 3.5 and not 3.3.
> 

Correct.

> The remainder of your paragraph above discusses power reducetion and
> this is only mentioned in section 3.5 so I think you mean this
> paragraph.
> 
Right again.

>    As with any load balancing change, a change initiated for the purpose
>    of power reduction may be minimally disruptive.  Typically the
>    disruption is limited to a change in delay characteristics and the
>    potential for a very brief period with traffic reordering.  The
>    network operator when configuring a network for power reduction
>    should weigh the benefit of power reduction against the disadvantage
>    of a minimal disruption.
> 
> The paragraphs following a set of requirements provide discussion
> related to that set of requirements.  I don't see this as out of
> place.  The prior two paragraphs discuss delay discontinuity.  This
> paragraph is a reminder that "As with any load balancing change, a
> change initiated for the purpose of power reduction may be minimally
> disruptive."  I don't see this as out of place.
> 
> For example, to compensate for a less than perfect load balance a
> subset of LSPs may need to be moved and that subset can be chosen from
> those which will be least affected (and there are plenty of
> requirements that compell the fussy LSP to tell the network abour
> their specifial needs).  To power down a component link, *all* LSP on
> that component link need to be moved, even the very fussy ones.
> Therefore I think mentioning that disruption should be considered is
> not out of place in the discussion following these requirements.  We
> like to keep the discussion brief so this level of detail was not
> included.
> 

I guess we see the importance of this topic differently.  So will this
be the first RFC that uses the term "power reduction"?

>> 7. Terminology: In GR4&5: what is a "MPLS network topology"? Do you mean AS?
> 
> At the very least it means something similar to same administrative
> domain.  An AS can be subdivided within an organization.  Do you have
> a better way to define intra-domain and inter-domain without going
> down the rat hole of defining the term "domain"?  

I'd use something like "multiple ASes or routing domains".  If you
really want to avoid domains you could say areas or levels.


> No on in the WG had
> an issue with this so far but I'm open for a suggestion for better
> wording.

You're forgetting my "real" name;-)


>> Nits:
>>  
>> - References should be provided in all cases when referring to
>>   "existing ... techniques"
> 
> References are not allowed in the abstract.  In section 3.3 is the sentence:
> 
>    Refer to the Appendices in [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-use-cases] for a
>    description of existing techniques and a set of references.
> 
> Much of that document is dedicated to describing existing techniques
> and it contains quite a few references.
> 
> I can move this sentence.  Where in the document would you like to see
> it moved to?
> 
(Lines numbers from URL below.)
Lines 200/201 and  278 have this issue.  Lines 297 and 342 do not.

>> Using line numbers from
>> http://tools.ietf.org/idnits?url=http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-13.txt
> 
> Using line number is a text editor counts the page headers.  What tool
> are you using?  I didn't see anything on tools.ietf.org.
> 
huh.  enter the above URL in a browser and you should see the line numbers.

> So I'll guess.  Looks like add 10 lines per page.
> 

>> Line 112
>> s/SHOULD/should
> 
> s/keywords, SHOULD be interpreted/keywords SHOULD be interpreted/
> 
> Also remove stray comma.
> 
I don't think use of 2119 language being applied to the reader is
appropriate, but whatever...

>> Line 118
>> s/MAY/may
> 
> s/deployment MAY choose to/deployment may choose to/
> 
> OK.  Could go either way but s/MAY chose to/MAY/ would work too.
> 
No.  The issue is that this document doesn't place conformance
requirements on a service provider so RFC2119 language isn't appropriate
here.

>> Line 149, match intro:
>> s/Advanced Multipath meets/Advanced Multipath is a formalization of
>> multipath techniques that meet
> 
> OK.
> 
>> Lines 251-254, beginning with "The" through the end of the paragraph.
>> This should be an FR.
> 
> Looks like you mean this:
> 
>    The transient period between some service disrupting
>    event and the convergence of the routing and/or signaling protocols
>    MUST occur within a time frame specified by Performance Objective
>    values.
> 
Right.
> OK.  I'll add this as FR#6++.
> 

>> That's it,
>> Lou
> 
> There are a few suggestions for changes to the text based on your
> comments and a few questions for you.  Based on your response to this
> email I will edit the document.
> 
> Thanks for the thorough review.
> 

Thanks for the responses and the resend!

Lou

> Curtis
> 
> - --rBI3apOu079413.1387337811/maildrop2.v6ds.occnc.com--
> 
> 
> ------- End of Forwarded Message
> 
> 
> 
> 

From curtis@ipv6.occnc.com  Tue Jan  7 18:56:47 2014
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In message <52CB3839.6020704@labn.net>
Lou Berger writes:
> 
> Hi Curtis,
> 	Thanks for the response.  See below

You pointed out a  a few things you thought should be changed but left
it open for me to propose how to change things, so we'll need at least
one more iteration after this.

> On 1/6/2014 12:00 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> > Lou et al,
> > 
> > Resending.  I'm not sure if the original (sent Tue, 17 Dec 2013) went
> > through to all recipients. There may have been a problem (due to a
> > self inflicted DNS issue).
> > 
> > I did not get a response so I suspect Lou didn't get this email.
> > 
> > Curtis

FYI - most recent issue I found was an error in IN TXT v=spf1 line.
It might be a bad time to be experimenting with IPv6 transition
technologies and their effects of email.  :-(  Go back to plain old
dual stack and burn another IPv4 global?  Might be the right move.

Hopefully mail will get through to everyone now without a resend.  If
I have to resend I'll put the IPv6 mail server back into the DS
subnet before resending.

Curtis


> > In message <52A8B5AB.4040708@labn.net>
> > Lou Berger writes:
> >>
> >> Hello,
> >>  
> >> I have been selected as the Routing Directorate reviewer for this draft.
> >> The Routing Directorate seeks to review all routing or routing-related
> >> drafts as they pass through IETF last call and IESG review. The purpose
> >> of the review is to provide assistance to the Routing ADs. For more
> >> information about the Routing Directorate, please see
> >> http://www.ietf.org/iesg/directorate/routing.html
> >>  
> >> Although these comments are primarily for the use of the Routing ADs, it
> >> would be helpful if you could consider them along with any other IETF
> >> Last Call comments that you receive, and strive to resolve them through
> >> discussion or by updating the draft.
> >>  
> >> Document: draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-13.txt
> >> Reviewer: Lou Berger
> >> Review Date: 2013-12-11
> >> IETF LC End Date: 2013-12-09
> >> Intended Status: Informational
> >>  
> >> Summary:
> >>  
> >>         I have some minor concerns about this document that I think
> >> should be resolved before publication.
> >>  
> >> Comments:
> >>  
> >>     I think the document is greatly improved since the previous last
> >> call.  I have some comments and reservations on the document that are
> >> described below.  As discussed on the list, I remain concerned about the
> >> value of defining requirements in terms of nebulous "Performance
> >> Objectives", but as this is acceptable to the WG I will not elaborate on
> >> this concern further.
> >>  
> >> Major Issues:
> >>  
> >>    No major issues found.
> >>  
> >> Minor Issues:
> >>  
> >> 1. Terminology & consistency: the document coins the term "Advanced
> >> Multipath":
> >>        Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
> >>  
> >> Do you see this term as a new noun, like LSP, or as an adjective?  I
> >> expected the latter, i.e. that it be used like "multipath" is used in
> >> the above sentence, but it seems to be used as a new noun.  I'm not sure
> >> coining a new noun really makes sense, but if this the intent then the
> >> last paragraph of section 2 needs to be revised as "Advanced Multipath"
> >> will now have a specific definition as opposed to a generic term. Also I
> >> suggest always capitalizing it (or even using the abbreviation "AM")
> >> will clarify this distinction.
> > 
> > I see multipath as a noun and therefore advanced multipath as a noun.
> > Advanced is an adjective, multipath as a noun.  Advanced Multipath is
> > the set of techniques that form a solution.  An advanced multipath is
> > a collection of componet links.  The former is capitalized, the latter
> > is not.  I'll check to see if I got that right in all occurances.  If
> > you would like I can also add this to the definition making it:
> > 
> >  OLD
> > 
> >    Advanced Multipath
> >        Advanced Multipath meets the requirements defined in this
> >        document.  A key capability of advanced multipath is the support
> >        of non-homogeneous component links.
> > 
> >  NEW
> > 
> >    Advanced Multipath
> >        Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
> >        that meets the requirements defined in this document.  A key
> >        capability of Advanced Multipath is the support of
> >        non-homogeneous component links. 
>  
> Okay.  Then I suggest using "AM" will help delineate this usage.

Later you indicate you prefer we don't use the same term.  Suggestion
follows that.

> >  An "advanced multipath" is a
> >        collection of component links.  In this document the former is
> >        capitalized and the latter is not.
> > 
> > If we agree on this I'll just search for "advanced" and make
> > capitalization consistent with the above statements.
>  
> the distinction based on capitalization seems likely to introduce
> confusion in this document and in future uses, so I think it is a really
> bad idea.

Clarity is good.  If it lacks clarity we'll have to fix it.

> > I don't think the phrase "advanced multipath technique" makes it an
> > adjective any more than a statement such as make-before-break is an
> > MPLS technique" makes MPLS an adjective in normal use.  The phrase "an
> > X technique" is simply a shorthand for indicating a "technique
> > applicable to X".  Even if that makes it an adjective the phrase "MPLS
> > technique" is common and so that should not be a problem.  The
> > paragraph in question might be the following.  It seems benign to me.
> > 
> >    The term Advanced Multipath is intended to be used within the context
> >    of this document and the related documents,
> >    [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-use-cases] and [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-framework] and
> >    any other related document.  Other advanced multipath techniques may
> >    in the future arise.  If the capabilities defined in this document
> >    become commonplace, they would no longer be considered "advanced".
> >    Use of the term "advanced multipath" outside this document, if
> >    referring to the term as defined here, should indicate Advanced
> >    Multipath as defined by this document, citing the current document
> >    name.  If using another definition of "advanced multipath", documents
> >    may optionally clarify that they are not using the term "advanced
> >    multipath" as defined by this document if clarification is deemed
> >    helpful.
> > 
> > I see no problem with this.  Please be more specific if you think
> > there are places where advanced multipath is used as an adjective or
> > where its use is confusing.
> > 
>  
> I believe my confusion was not understanding the differences between
> "Advanced Multipath" (with words capitalized) and "advanced multipath"
> (with words lower cased).  While I understand this is your intent, I see
> it as just leading to confusion. Ultimately, it's the author's / WG's
> call, i.e., not mine, to make.

OK so here is a suggestion to improve this.

 OLD

   Advanced Multipath
       Advanced Multipath meets the requirements defined in this
       document.  A key capability of advanced multipath is the support
       of non-homogeneous component links.

 OLD NEW

   Advanced Multipath
       Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
       that meets the requirements defined in this document.  A key
       capability of Advanced Multipath is the support of
       non-homogeneous component links. 

 NEWER

   Advanced Multipath
       Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
       that meets the requirements defined in this document.  A key
       capability of Advanced Multipath is the support of
       non-homogeneous component links. 

   Advanced Multipath Group (AMG)

      An Advanced Multipath Group (AMG) is group of component links
      where Advanced Multipath techniques are applied.

This along the lines of "Link Aggregation" and LAG.  The first is
802.1ax (or whatever, see the references).  The latter is a group of
component links.

Not to be confused with Absorbed Glass Mat lead-acid batteries...
(which is AGM not AMG).  But if you see me write AGM, you'll know why
(habit, typo).

I think if we use these definitions and make if this terminology
change is made everywhere in the document we will acheive the improved
clarity that you were looking for.

Is this OK?

> >> 2. Editorial: server and client layer vs upper and lower layer.
> >>  
> >> The document uses server and client layer networks and LSPs and,
> >> sometimes interchangeably or redundantly, upper and lower layer networks
> >> and LSPs.  I think this issue can be resolved by avoiding the term
> >> client/server when referring to network layers and just using the
> >> lower/upper terminology.  The one exception to this is in the definition
> >> Client LSP which should simply be defined in the context of a multipath,
> >> i.e.:
> >> OLD
> >> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
> >> NEW
> >> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over Advanced Multipath.
> > 
> > A client LSP can be set up over a server layer MPLS-TP LSP or any
> > server layer MPLS LSP or over a link layer or over a pseudowire ... or
> > over an advanced multipath.
> > 
>  
> Would you accept s/server layer/lower layer/g?

The definition of server layer is not the same as the definition of
lower layer.  See below.

> >> I think this also means that usage of the term "Client" is limited to
> >> "Client LSP".
> > 
> > I searched for all occurances of the word client.  All occurances are
> > "client LSP" excexpt the phrase "client of a client LSP" and that is
> > used only in the following paragraph.
> > 
> >    The ingress and egress of a multipath may be midpoint LSRs with
> >    respect to a given client LSP.  A midpoint LSR does not participate
> >    in the signaling of any clients of the client LSP.  Therefore, in
> >    general, multipath endpoints cannot determine requirements of clients
> >    of a client LSP through participation in the signaling of the clients
> >    of the client LSP.
> > 
> > THe point is that "A midpoint LSR does not participate in the
> > signaling of any clients of the client LSP" and that non-participation
> > in client (or higher layer) signaling applies to any "client of a
> > client LSP", not just other LSP running over it.
> > 
> > I then searched for all occurances of the words upper and lower and
> > higher.  There are no occurances of "upper".
> > 
> > There were a few occurances of "lower latency" and "higher latency".
> > Other than that, all occurances of lower and higher except one are in
> > the follwoing text:
> > 
> >  3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks
> > 
> >    A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
> >    example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
> >    MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).  The lower layer network may change
> >    the latency (and/or other performance parameters) seen by the client
> >    layer.  Currently, there is no protocol for the lower layer network
> >    to inform the higher layer network of a change in a performance
> >    parameter.  Communication of the latency performance parameter is a
> >    very important requirement.  Communication of other performance
> >    parameters (e.g., delay variation) is desirable.
> > 
> >    FR#8  The solution SHALL specify a protocol means to allow a lower
> >        layer server network to communicate latency to the higher layer
> >        client network.
> > 
> > The exception is this sentence:
> > 
> >      FR#22 The solution SHOULD support the use case where an advanced
> >        multipath itself is a component link for a higher order advanced
> >        multipath.  For example, an advanced multipath comprised of MPLS-
> >        TP bi-directional tunnels viewed as logical links could then be
> >        used as a component link in yet another advanced multipath that
> >        connects MPLS routers.
> > 
> > The terms lower layer and higher layer go all the way back to the ISO
> > seven layer model of ancient times (1970s?, 1980s?) and maybe further
> > back but that is before even my time.
> > 
> > I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
> > definitions:
> > 
> >    Higher Layers
> >       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
> >       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
> > 
> >    Lower Layers
> >       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
> >       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
> > 
> > Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
> > it is necessary, I will add it.
> > 
> Perhaps we've talked (okay written) past each other.  I was suggesting
> using/keeping the "higher and lower layer" terminology, not dropping it.
> And to use it (consistently) in place of "client and server Layer".

I guess you missed the distinction in the definition above:

  For layer X layer Y is:

    client layer   ===   Y = X+1
    server layer   ===   Y = X-1
    higher layer   ===   Y > X
    lower layer    ===   Y < X

So the definition client layer is not the same as the definition of
higher layer.  The definition of server layer is not the same as the
definition of lower layer.

In some discussions we really do mean "the server layer" and not any
layer at any arbitrary depth below this one.

> >> 3. Technical: The document should make it clear that LSPs can provide
> >> paths from an Advanced Multipath.  I suggest adding something like the
> >> the following at the end of page 3
> >>    d. a lower layer LSP.
> > 
> > Case "b." is intended to include LSP but is not specifically limited
> > to LSP.  Multipath (not Advanced Multipath) includes IGP ECMP,
> > Ethernet Link Aggregation, and all sorts of things that don't involve
> > MPLS at all.  For example, a path in Ethernet Link Aggregation Group
> > (LAG) could be supported by a pseudowires or ODU2e or GFP-F, though
> > this would be unknown to the LAG, or in the simplest case each path in
> > the set of LAG members could be supported by a plain Ethernet cable.
> > 
>  
> okay, how about:
> OLD
>    b.  may be specific paths across a network to a destination
>        node, or
> NEW
>    b.  specific paths across a network to a destination
>        node (e.g., via an LSP), or

OK.  But I like to spell out "for example" and put it after the
definition.  That would give us:

       4.  The paths may be:

           a.  parallel links between two nodes, or

           b.  may be specific paths across a network to a destination
               node, or

           c.  may be links or paths to an intermediate node used to
               reach a common destination.

       The paths need not have equal capacity.  The paths may or may not
       have equal cost in a routing protocol.
+      Paths across a network which serve as a component link in a AMG
+      may be provided by other LSP acting as server LSP for the
+      client AMG.  Component links of a given AMG need not all use the
+      same type of server layer technology.  For example, one may be a
+      physical Ethernet, another a Packet Over Sonet (POS) link,
+      another a pseudowire, and another an LSP with individual hops
+      using a mix of lower layer technologies.

Is that an acceptable clarification?

btw - in b. and c. s/may be// since "may be" precedes the list.

> >> and at the end of the Component Link definition:
> >>    A component link may be provided via an LSP.
> > 
> > I think this is covered in "3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower
> > Layer Networks".
> > 
> >  3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks
> > 
> >    A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
> >    example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
> >    MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).
> > 
> > This sort of statement could be made earlier.  For example in the
> > discussion following the definitions (on page 5) the document covers
> > one case (where a component link is not an LSP) but it is not until
> > later that the other case is mentioned.
> > 
> > I could add a paragraph in the discussion following the definitions
> > that mentions that a component link can also be another LSP.
> > 
> >  OLD:
> > 
> >    A Component Link may be a point-to-point physical link (where a
> >    "physical link" includes one or more link layer plus a physical
> >    layer) or a logical link that preserves ordering in the steady state.
> >    A component link may have transient out of order events, but such
> >    events must not exceed the network's Performance Objectives.  For
> >    example, a component link may be comprised of any supportable
> >    combination of link layers over a physical layer or over logical sub-
> >    layers, including those providing physical layer emulation.
> > 
> >  NEW:
> > 
> >    A Component Link may be a point-to-point physical link (where a
> >    "physical link" includes one or more link layer plus a physical
> >    layer) or a logical link that preserves ordering in the steady state.
> >    A component link may have transient out of order events, but such
> >    events must not exceed the network's Performance Objectives.  For
> >    example, a component link may be comprised of any supportable
> >    combination of link layers over a physical layer or over logical sub-
> >    layers, including those providing physical layer emulation, or over
> >     MPLS server layer LSP.
> > 
> > These are identical except the phrase ", or over MPLS server layer
> > LSP" added to the end of the last sentence.
>  
> Sure.
>  
> > 
> >> 4. Editorial: Unless I'm mistaken, the requirements in this document
> >> apply to the Advanced Multipath solution.  In most cases the document
> >> states requirements in the form of "The solution", but in a few cases it
> >> just says "advanced multipath".  I think these cases should be changed
> >> to apply to an "Advanced Multipath solution".  I think this comment
> >> applies to FR1, FR7, FR18, FR23, GR3-5, and MR1-9.
> > 
> > That is not correct.  For example:
> > 
> >    FR#1  An advanced multipath MAY be announced in conjunction with
> >        detailed parameters about its component links, such as bandwidth
> >        and latency.  The advanced multipath SHALL behave as a single IGP
> >        adjacency.
> > 
> > In this requirement the "advanced multipath" is a specific collection
> > of component links that is announced by way of an MPLS Forwarding
> > Adjaccency (FA) in the IGP.  The same is true for the other
> > requirements cited.  In all of these cases an advanced multipath is a
> > specific collection of component links.  
>  
> Hereto, the distinction between "advanced multipath" and "Advanced
> Multipath" was lost on me.

OK.  "Advanced Multipath" vs AMG might improve clarity.

> > There is a typo in MR#1.
> > 
> >  OLD
> > 
> >    MR#1  Management Plane MUST support polling of the status and
> >        configuration of an advanced multipath and its individual
> >        advanced multipath and support notification of status change.
> > 
> >  NEW
> > 
> >    MR#1  Management Plane MUST support polling of the status and
> >        configuration of an advanced multipath and its individual
> >        component links and support notification of status change.
> > 
> > In the last line
> > s/advanced multipath/component links/
> > 
> >> 5. Technical: use of "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15:
> >> In these cases it is unclear if the requirements apply to
> >> (a) a client's ability to indicate a desired service/LSP constraint or
> >> (b) a selected component link's attribute that will be used by a client
> >> LSP,
> >> (c) both, or
> >> (d) something completely different
> >> The requirements should be clear to which entity the requirement applies.
> > 
> > This "indication" can be through signaling or the management plane and
> > both must be supported in later framework and protocol definitions and
> > we can argue then whether both must be supported or if one or the
> > other is a "should" in RFC 2119 speak.
> > 
> > There was concern that the word "signal" would exclude providing the
> > same informantion through the management plane and therefore the word
> > "indicate" is used.
> > 
> > Rather than spell this out many times we hoped this would be clear.  I
> > could add clarifying text up front if you think this is necessary.  For
> > example, I could add the following before FR#1.
> > 
> >    FR#0  In requirements that follow in this document the word
> >       "indicate" is used where information may be provided by either
> >       the combination of link state IGP advertisement and MPLS LSP
> >       signaling or via management plane protocols.  In later documents
> >       providing framework and protocol definitions both signaling and
> >       management plane mechanisms MUST be defined.
> > 
>  
> So is this the IGP/signaling that runs between a client an an AM "LER",
> between an AM "LSR" and its server network, or between AM LSRs?  If I
> understand AM properly, there may be *up to* there separate instances.
> Am I missing something?

Please don't abbreviate Advanced Multipath as AM.  Link Aggregation is
not LA.

The word "indicate" is independent of the method of getting the
information there.  But yes in the example given the IGP advertisement
and MPLS LSP signaling that might be one such mechanism does refer to
the IGP and RSVP-TE MPLS/GMPLS that we all are familiar with.

If client and server LSP are PSC-3 and PSC-4 in MPLS hierarchy there
is only one IGP flooding information for both client and server layer,
hence the seemingly endless (and mostly pointless) discussion of
sub-layer vs layer from certain ITU people in the MPLS WG mailing list
who viewed MPLS as broken for not enforcing a strict layering in this
regard.  But we need not go into that level of detail in this example
of how independent of mechanism the "indicate" is and down that years
old MPLS WG terminology rat hole again.

> > It would be trivial to make this FR#1 and renumber the rest.
> > 
>  
> I don't think the FR helped clarify the above question.

The choice of the word "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15 does not
imply usage by a specific layer.  That is a direct answer to your
question.

In all of these specific cases, the the client layer is passing a
requirement to the server layer so in the IGP + RSVP-TE world that
would be a function of RSVP-TE.  In the absense of control plane, it
would have to be done through management plane interaction where the
client indicates requirements of an LSP and the server layer is free
to figure out how to meet those requirements.

Do you want me to add the clarification on the use of the word
"indicate" or not?

> > Should I add it and renumber?
> > 
> >> 6. The last paragraph in section 3.3. strikes me as both odd and out of
> >> place.  There are so many possible decisions that must be considered by
> >> network operators relative to disruption and optimization.  Why mention
> >> just "power reduction"?  Is there something special about the
> >> interactions of multipath and power reduction?  What value / information
> >> does this paragraph add?
> > 
> > The last paragraph in section 3.3 is:
> > 
> >    Allowing multipath to contain component links with different
> >    characteristics can improve the overall load balance and can be
> >    accomplished while still accommodating the more strict requirements
> >    of a subset of client LSP.
> > 
> > I'm not sure if this is the "odd and out of place" paragraph you refer
> > to.  It summarizes the purpose of the requirements in this section.  I
> > think you mean section 3.5 and not 3.3.
> > 
>  
> Correct.
>  
> > The remainder of your paragraph above discusses power reducetion and
> > this is only mentioned in section 3.5 so I think you mean this
> > paragraph.
> > 
> Right again.
>  
> >    As with any load balancing change, a change initiated for the purpose
> >    of power reduction may be minimally disruptive.  Typically the
> >    disruption is limited to a change in delay characteristics and the
> >    potential for a very brief period with traffic reordering.  The
> >    network operator when configuring a network for power reduction
> >    should weigh the benefit of power reduction against the disadvantage
> >    of a minimal disruption.
> > 
> > The paragraphs following a set of requirements provide discussion
> > related to that set of requirements.  I don't see this as out of
> > place.  The prior two paragraphs discuss delay discontinuity.  This
> > paragraph is a reminder that "As with any load balancing change, a
> > change initiated for the purpose of power reduction may be minimally
> > disruptive."  I don't see this as out of place.
> > 
> > For example, to compensate for a less than perfect load balance a
> > subset of LSPs may need to be moved and that subset can be chosen from
> > those which will be least affected (and there are plenty of
> > requirements that compell the fussy LSP to tell the network abour
> > their specifial needs).  To power down a component link, *all* LSP on
> > that component link need to be moved, even the very fussy ones.
> > Therefore I think mentioning that disruption should be considered is
> > not out of place in the discussion following these requirements.  We
> > like to keep the discussion brief so this level of detail was not
> > included.
> > 
>  
> I guess we see the importance of this topic differently.  So will this
> be the first RFC that uses the term "power reduction"?

Perhaps.  A co-author originally wanted it added.  The set of authors
kicked this around and reworded the original.  The wording is brief
and vague and the use of MAY in the actual requirement means we will
not disallow this.  So far no one in the WG has objected to this
wording and its been there a long time.

Would you like me to remove the requirement and discussion of its
implications after the WG concensus so far was to keep it?

> >> 7. Terminology: In GR4&5: what is a "MPLS network topology"? Do you mean AS?
> > 
> > At the very least it means something similar to same administrative
> > domain.  An AS can be subdivided within an organization.  Do you have
> > a better way to define intra-domain and inter-domain without going
> > down the rat hole of defining the term "domain"?  
>  
> I'd use something like "multiple ASes or routing domains".  If you
> really want to avoid domains you could say areas or levels.

OK.
s/MPLS network topology/routing domain/

> > No on in the WG had
> > an issue with this so far but I'm open for a suggestion for better
> > wording.
>  
> You're forgetting my "real" name;-)

You plan on living up to it I see.  :-)

> >> Nits:
> >>  
> >> - References should be provided in all cases when referring to
> >>   "existing ... techniques"
> > 
> > References are not allowed in the abstract.  In section 3.3 is the sentence:
> > 
> >    Refer to the Appendices in [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-use-cases] for a
> >    description of existing techniques and a set of references.
> > 
> > Much of that document is dedicated to describing existing techniques
> > and it contains quite a few references.
> > 
> > I can move this sentence.  Where in the document would you like to see
> > it moved to?
> > 
> (Lines numbers from URL below.)
> Lines 200/201 and  278 have this issue.  Lines 297 and 342 do not.
>  
> >> Using line numbers from
> >> http://tools.ietf.org/idnits?url=http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-13.txt
> > 
> > Using line number is a text editor counts the page headers.  What tool
> > are you using?  I didn't see anything on tools.ietf.org.
> > 
> huh.  enter the above URL in a browser and you should see the line numbers.
>  
> > So I'll guess.  Looks like add 10 lines per page.
> > 
>  
> >> Line 112
> >> s/SHOULD/should
> > 
> > s/keywords, SHOULD be interpreted/keywords SHOULD be interpreted/
> > 
> > Also remove stray comma.
> > 
> I don't think use of 2119 language being applied to the reader is
> appropriate, but whatever...

You want me to downcase "SHOULD be interpreted".  I missed a M-l in
the s/// edit (emacs downcase next word) and got only the stray comma.

> >> Line 118
> >> s/MAY/may
> > 
> > s/deployment MAY choose to/deployment may choose to/
> > 
> > OK.  Could go either way but s/MAY chose to/MAY/ would work too.
> > 
> No.  The issue is that this document doesn't place conformance
> requirements on a service provider so RFC2119 language isn't appropriate
> here.

No IETF document truly places conformance requirements on either the
service provider or implementor, but we put RFC2119 language in
telling them what to do all the time.  No one in IETF signed a legal
document forcing them to adhere to every RFC2119 keyword in each
document.

The requirements here are 1) implementor SHOULD provide a per feature
knob to turn individual features off, 2) provider MAY use those knobs,
including knobs that another implementor made available.

This is just trying to avoid unnecessarily inflexible specifications
or unnecessarily inflexible implementations where some feature doesn't
work when an unrelated feature is disabled.  This is in here because
this inflexibility happens.

The framework can outline any feature dependencies.

> >> Line 149, match intro:
> >> s/Advanced Multipath meets/Advanced Multipath is a formalization of
> >> multipath techniques that meet
> > 
> > OK.
> > 
> >> Lines 251-254, beginning with "The" through the end of the paragraph.
> >> This should be an FR.
> > 
> > Looks like you mean this:
> > 
> >    The transient period between some service disrupting
> >    event and the convergence of the routing and/or signaling protocols
> >    MUST occur within a time frame specified by Performance Objective
> >    values.
> > 
> Right.
> > OK.  I'll add this as FR#6++.
> > 
>  
> >> That's it,
> >> Lou
> > 
> > There are a few suggestions for changes to the text based on your
> > comments and a few questions for you.  Based on your response to this
> > email I will edit the document.
> > 
> > Thanks for the thorough review.
> > 
>  
> Thanks for the responses and the resend!
>  
> Lou

Sorry to mess up my own DNS and require a resend and a delay.

Curtis

> > Curtis
> > 
> > - --rBI3apOu079413.1387337811/maildrop2.v6ds.occnc.com--
> > 
> > 
> > ------- End of Forwarded Message

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Hi Curtis,

See below.

On 01/07/2014 09:56 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> In message <52CB3839.6020704@labn.net>
> Lou Berger writes:
>>
>> Hi Curtis,
>> 	Thanks for the response.  See below
> 
> You pointed out a  a few things you thought should be changed but left
> it open for me to propose how to change things, so we'll need at least
> one more iteration after this.
> 
Right, you're the author....

>> On 1/6/2014 12:00 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
>>> Lou et al,
>>>
>>> Resending.  I'm not sure if the original (sent Tue, 17 Dec 2013) went
>>> through to all recipients. There may have been a problem (due to a
>>> self inflicted DNS issue).
>>>
>>> I did not get a response so I suspect Lou didn't get this email.
>>>
>>> Curtis
> 
> FYI - most recent issue I found was an error in IN TXT v=spf1 line.
> It might be a bad time to be experimenting with IPv6 transition
> technologies and their effects of email.  :-(  Go back to plain old
> dual stack and burn another IPv4 global?  Might be the right move.
> 
> Hopefully mail will get through to everyone now without a resend.  If
> I have to resend I'll put the IPv6 mail server back into the DS
> subnet before resending.
> 
> Curtis
> 
no problem at all on this one, so I think you're up and working!


> 
>>> In message <52A8B5AB.4040708@labn.net>
>>> Lou Berger writes:
>>>>
...

>> I believe my confusion was not understanding the differences between
>> "Advanced Multipath" (with words capitalized) and "advanced multipath"
>> (with words lower cased).  While I understand this is your intent, I see
>> it as just leading to confusion. Ultimately, it's the author's / WG's
>> call, i.e., not mine, to make.
> 
> OK so here is a suggestion to improve this.
> 
>  OLD
> 
>    Advanced Multipath
>        Advanced Multipath meets the requirements defined in this
>        document.  A key capability of advanced multipath is the support
>        of non-homogeneous component links.
> 
>  OLD NEW
> 
>    Advanced Multipath
>        Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
>        that meets the requirements defined in this document.  A key
>        capability of Advanced Multipath is the support of
>        non-homogeneous component links. 
> 
>  NEWER
> 
>    Advanced Multipath
>        Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
>        that meets the requirements defined in this document.  A key
>        capability of Advanced Multipath is the support of
>        non-homogeneous component links. 
> 
>    Advanced Multipath Group (AMG)
> 
>       An Advanced Multipath Group (AMG) is group of component links
>       where Advanced Multipath techniques are applied.
> 

Ahh.  I think this is much better/clearer!

> This along the lines of "Link Aggregation" and LAG.  The first is
> 802.1ax (or whatever, see the references).  The latter is a group of
> component links.
> 
> Not to be confused with Absorbed Glass Mat lead-acid batteries...
> (which is AGM not AMG).  But if you see me write AGM, you'll know why
> (habit, typo).
> 
> I think if we use these definitions and make if this terminology
> change is made everywhere in the document we will acheive the improved
> clarity that you were looking for.
> 
> Is this OK?

Yes!

> 
>>>> 2. Editorial: server and client layer vs upper and lower layer.
>>>>  
>>>> The document uses server and client layer networks and LSPs and,
>>>> sometimes interchangeably or redundantly, upper and lower layer networks
>>>> and LSPs.  I think this issue can be resolved by avoiding the term
>>>> client/server when referring to network layers and just using the
>>>> lower/upper terminology.  The one exception to this is in the definition
>>>> Client LSP which should simply be defined in the context of a multipath,
>>>> i.e.:
>>>> OLD
>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>>>> NEW
>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over Advanced Multipath.
>>>
>>> A client LSP can be set up over a server layer MPLS-TP LSP or any
>>> server layer MPLS LSP or over a link layer or over a pseudowire ... or
>>> over an advanced multipath.
>>>
>>  
>> Would you accept s/server layer/lower layer/g?
> 
> The definition of server layer is not the same as the definition of
> lower layer.  See below.
> 
>>>> I think this also means that usage of the term "Client" is limited to
>>>> "Client LSP".
>>>
>>> I searched for all occurances of the word client.  All occurances are
>>> "client LSP" excexpt the phrase "client of a client LSP" and that is
>>> used only in the following paragraph.
>>>
>>>    The ingress and egress of a multipath may be midpoint LSRs with
>>>    respect to a given client LSP.  A midpoint LSR does not participate
>>>    in the signaling of any clients of the client LSP.  Therefore, in
>>>    general, multipath endpoints cannot determine requirements of clients
>>>    of a client LSP through participation in the signaling of the clients
>>>    of the client LSP.
>>>
>>> THe point is that "A midpoint LSR does not participate in the
>>> signaling of any clients of the client LSP" and that non-participation
>>> in client (or higher layer) signaling applies to any "client of a
>>> client LSP", not just other LSP running over it.
>>>
>>> I then searched for all occurances of the words upper and lower and
>>> higher.  There are no occurances of "upper".
>>>
>>> There were a few occurances of "lower latency" and "higher latency".
>>> Other than that, all occurances of lower and higher except one are in
>>> the follwoing text:
>>>
>>>  3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks
>>>
>>>    A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
>>>    example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
>>>    MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).  The lower layer network may change
>>>    the latency (and/or other performance parameters) seen by the client
>>>    layer.  Currently, there is no protocol for the lower layer network
>>>    to inform the higher layer network of a change in a performance
>>>    parameter.  Communication of the latency performance parameter is a
>>>    very important requirement.  Communication of other performance
>>>    parameters (e.g., delay variation) is desirable.
>>>
>>>    FR#8  The solution SHALL specify a protocol means to allow a lower
>>>        layer server network to communicate latency to the higher layer
>>>        client network.
>>>
>>> The exception is this sentence:
>>>
>>>      FR#22 The solution SHOULD support the use case where an advanced
>>>        multipath itself is a component link for a higher order advanced
>>>        multipath.  For example, an advanced multipath comprised of MPLS-
>>>        TP bi-directional tunnels viewed as logical links could then be
>>>        used as a component link in yet another advanced multipath that
>>>        connects MPLS routers.
>>>
>>> The terms lower layer and higher layer go all the way back to the ISO
>>> seven layer model of ancient times (1970s?, 1980s?) and maybe further
>>> back but that is before even my time.
>>>
>>> I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
>>> definitions:
>>>
>>>    Higher Layers
>>>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
>>>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
>>>
>>>    Lower Layers
>>>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
>>>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
>>>
>>> Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
>>> it is necessary, I will add it.
>>>
>> Perhaps we've talked (okay written) past each other.  I was suggesting
>> using/keeping the "higher and lower layer" terminology, not dropping it.
>> And to use it (consistently) in place of "client and server Layer".
> 
> I guess you missed the distinction in the definition above:
> 
>   For layer X layer Y is:
> 
>     client layer   ===   Y = X+1
>     server layer   ===   Y = X-1
>     higher layer   ===   Y > X
>     lower layer    ===   Y < X
> 
> So the definition client layer is not the same as the definition of
> higher layer.  The definition of server layer is not the same as the
> definition of lower layer.
> 
> In some discussions we really do mean "the server layer" and not any
> layer at any arbitrary depth below this one.
> 

I read your usage of client/server layer to be synonymous with
higher/lower layer, i.e. -+ 1.  Otherwise I'm not sure how to make sense
of FR#8 (I think you really mean client layer not lower layer.)

Given the current document usage, I still think it makes sense to
eliminate the two instances of "client layer":  How about the following:
OLD
   Client LSP
       A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
       In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
       has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
       representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
       component links of that multipath.
NEW

   Client LSP
       A client LSP is a LSP which
       has been set up over Advanced Multipath as opposed to an LSP
       representing the Advanced Multipath itself or any LSP that is
       part of an Advanced Multipath Group.

and
OLD
   The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
   characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
   provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by sets
   of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP.
NEW
   The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
   characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
   provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by
   LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.

>>>> 3. Technical: The document should make it clear that LSPs can provide
>>>> paths from an Advanced Multipath.  I suggest adding something like the
>>>> the following at the end of page 3
>>>>    d. a lower layer LSP.
>>>
>>> Case "b." is intended to include LSP but is not specifically limited
>>> to LSP.  Multipath (not Advanced Multipath) includes IGP ECMP,
>>> Ethernet Link Aggregation, and all sorts of things that don't involve
>>> MPLS at all.  For example, a path in Ethernet Link Aggregation Group
>>> (LAG) could be supported by a pseudowires or ODU2e or GFP-F, though
>>> this would be unknown to the LAG, or in the simplest case each path in
>>> the set of LAG members could be supported by a plain Ethernet cable.
>>>
>>  
>> okay, how about:
>> OLD
>>    b.  may be specific paths across a network to a destination
>>        node, or
>> NEW
>>    b.  specific paths across a network to a destination
>>        node (e.g., via an LSP), or
> 
> OK.  But I like to spell out "for example" and put it after the
> definition.  That would give us:
> 
>        4.  The paths may be:
> 
>            a.  parallel links between two nodes, or
> 
>            b.  may be specific paths across a network to a destination
>                node, or
> 
>            c.  may be links or paths to an intermediate node used to
>                reach a common destination.
> 
>        The paths need not have equal capacity.  The paths may or may not
>        have equal cost in a routing protocol.
> +      Paths across a network which serve as a component link in a AMG
> +      may be provided by other LSP acting as server LSP for the
> +      client AMG.  Component links of a given AMG need not all use the
> +      same type of server layer technology.  For example, one may be a
> +      physical Ethernet, another a Packet Over Sonet (POS) link,
> +      another a pseudowire, and another an LSP with individual hops
> +      using a mix of lower layer technologies.
> 
> Is that an acceptable clarification?

Given the the definition of AMG I no longer see a need for the change or
proposed text (and would prefer not having to discuss the proposed text.)
...

>>>> 5. Technical: use of "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15:
>>>> In these cases it is unclear if the requirements apply to
>>>> (a) a client's ability to indicate a desired service/LSP constraint or
>>>> (b) a selected component link's attribute that will be used by a client
>>>> LSP,
>>>> (c) both, or
>>>> (d) something completely different
>>>> The requirements should be clear to which entity the requirement applies.
>>>
>>> This "indication" can be through signaling or the management plane and
>>> both must be supported in later framework and protocol definitions and
>>> we can argue then whether both must be supported or if one or the
>>> other is a "should" in RFC 2119 speak.
>>>
>>> There was concern that the word "signal" would exclude providing the
>>> same informantion through the management plane and therefore the word
>>> "indicate" is used.
>>>
>>> Rather than spell this out many times we hoped this would be clear.  I
>>> could add clarifying text up front if you think this is necessary.  For
>>> example, I could add the following before FR#1.
>>>
>>>    FR#0  In requirements that follow in this document the word
>>>       "indicate" is used where information may be provided by either
>>>       the combination of link state IGP advertisement and MPLS LSP
>>>       signaling or via management plane protocols.  In later documents
>>>       providing framework and protocol definitions both signaling and
>>>       management plane mechanisms MUST be defined.
>>>
>>  
>> So is this the IGP/signaling that runs between a client an an AM "LER",
>> between an AM "LSR" and its server network, or between AM LSRs?  If I
>> understand AM properly, there may be *up to* there separate instances.
>> Am I missing something?
> 
> Please don't abbreviate Advanced Multipath as AM.  Link Aggregation is
> not LA.

Perhaps you should a requirement on this ;-)

> 
> The word "indicate" is independent of the method of getting the
> information there.  But yes in the example given the IGP advertisement
> and MPLS LSP signaling that might be one such mechanism does refer to
> the IGP and RSVP-TE MPLS/GMPLS that we all are familiar with.
> 
> If client and server LSP are PSC-3 and PSC-4 in MPLS hierarchy there
> is only one IGP flooding information for both client and server layer,
> hence the seemingly endless (and mostly pointless) discussion of
> sub-layer vs layer from certain ITU people in the MPLS WG mailing list
> who viewed MPLS as broken for not enforcing a strict layering in this
> regard.  But we need not go into that level of detail in this example
> of how independent of mechanism the "indicate" is and down that years
> old MPLS WG terminology rat hole again.
> 
My comment is that you need to be clear to which layer a requirement
applies.  Is it the server layer, the client layer  or the Advanced
Multipath layer?

>>> It would be trivial to make this FR#1 and renumber the rest.
>>>
>>  
>> I don't think the FR helped clarify the above question.
> 
> The choice of the word "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15 does not
> imply usage by a specific layer.  That is a direct answer to your
> question.
> 
> In all of these specific cases, the the client layer is passing a
> requirement to the server layer so in the IGP + RSVP-TE world that
> would be a function of RSVP-TE.  In the absense of control plane, it
> would have to be done through management plane interaction where the
> client indicates requirements of an LSP and the server layer is free
> to figure out how to meet those requirements.
> 
> Do you want me to add the clarification on the use of the word
> "indicate" or not?

I think you need to be clear that the requirement applies to all three
layers.

> 
>>> Should I add it and renumber?
>>>
>>>> 6. The last paragraph in section 3.3. strikes me as both odd and out of
>>>> place.  There are so many possible decisions that must be considered by
>>>> network operators relative to disruption and optimization.  Why mention
>>>> just "power reduction"?  Is there something special about the
>>>> interactions of multipath and power reduction?  What value / information
>>>> does this paragraph add?
>>>
>>> The last paragraph in section 3.3 is:
>>>
>>>    Allowing multipath to contain component links with different
>>>    characteristics can improve the overall load balance and can be
>>>    accomplished while still accommodating the more strict requirements
>>>    of a subset of client LSP.
>>>
>>> I'm not sure if this is the "odd and out of place" paragraph you refer
>>> to.  It summarizes the purpose of the requirements in this section.  I
>>> think you mean section 3.5 and not 3.3.
>>>
>>  
>> Correct.
>>  
>>> The remainder of your paragraph above discusses power reducetion and
>>> this is only mentioned in section 3.5 so I think you mean this
>>> paragraph.
>>>
>> Right again.
>>  
>>>    As with any load balancing change, a change initiated for the purpose
>>>    of power reduction may be minimally disruptive.  Typically the
>>>    disruption is limited to a change in delay characteristics and the
>>>    potential for a very brief period with traffic reordering.  The
>>>    network operator when configuring a network for power reduction
>>>    should weigh the benefit of power reduction against the disadvantage
>>>    of a minimal disruption.
>>>
>>> The paragraphs following a set of requirements provide discussion
>>> related to that set of requirements.  I don't see this as out of
>>> place.  The prior two paragraphs discuss delay discontinuity.  This
>>> paragraph is a reminder that "As with any load balancing change, a
>>> change initiated for the purpose of power reduction may be minimally
>>> disruptive."  I don't see this as out of place.
>>>
>>> For example, to compensate for a less than perfect load balance a
>>> subset of LSPs may need to be moved and that subset can be chosen from
>>> those which will be least affected (and there are plenty of
>>> requirements that compell the fussy LSP to tell the network abour
>>> their specifial needs).  To power down a component link, *all* LSP on
>>> that component link need to be moved, even the very fussy ones.
>>> Therefore I think mentioning that disruption should be considered is
>>> not out of place in the discussion following these requirements.  We
>>> like to keep the discussion brief so this level of detail was not
>>> included.
>>>
>>  
>> I guess we see the importance of this topic differently.  So will this
>> be the first RFC that uses the term "power reduction"?
> 
> Perhaps.  A co-author originally wanted it added.  The set of authors
> kicked this around and reworded the original.  The wording is brief
> and vague and the use of MAY in the actual requirement means we will
> not disallow this.  So far no one in the WG has objected to this
> wording and its been there a long time.
> 
> Would you like me to remove the requirement and discussion of its
> implications after the WG concensus so far was to keep it?
> 

I think the text opens the door to the objection/question as to why just
this "application" and not others are called out.  Now that I've asked
the question, we can move on.  The AD can always revisit if he so chooses.

...

>>>> Nits:
>>>>  
>>>> - References should be provided in all cases when referring to
>>>>   "existing ... techniques"
>>>
>>> References are not allowed in the abstract.  In section 3.3 is the sentence:
>>>
>>>    Refer to the Appendices in [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-use-cases] for a
>>>    description of existing techniques and a set of references.
>>>
>>> Much of that document is dedicated to describing existing techniques
>>> and it contains quite a few references.
>>>
>>> I can move this sentence.  Where in the document would you like to see
>>> it moved to?
>>>
>> (Lines numbers from URL below.)
>> Lines 200/201 and  278 have this issue.  Lines 297 and 342 do not.
>>  
>>>> Using line numbers from
>>>> http://tools.ietf.org/idnits?url=http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-13.txt
>>>
>>> Using line number is a text editor counts the page headers.  What tool
>>> are you using?  I didn't see anything on tools.ietf.org.
>>>
>> huh.  enter the above URL in a browser and you should see the line numbers.
>>  
>>> So I'll guess.  Looks like add 10 lines per page.
>>>
>>  
>>>> Line 112
>>>> s/SHOULD/should
>>>
>>> s/keywords, SHOULD be interpreted/keywords SHOULD be interpreted/
>>>
>>> Also remove stray comma.
>>>
>> I don't think use of 2119 language being applied to the reader is
>> appropriate, but whatever...
> 
> You want me to downcase "SHOULD be interpreted".  I missed a M-l in
> the s/// edit (emacs downcase next word) and got only the stray comma.
> 

Right.

>>>> Line 118
>>>> s/MAY/may
>>>
>>> s/deployment MAY choose to/deployment may choose to/
>>>
>>> OK.  Could go either way but s/MAY chose to/MAY/ would work too.
>>>
>> No.  The issue is that this document doesn't place conformance
>> requirements on a service provider so RFC2119 language isn't appropriate
>> here.
> 
> No IETF document truly places conformance requirements on either the
> service provider or implementor, but we put RFC2119 language in
> telling them what to do all the time.  No one in IETF signed a legal
> document forcing them to adhere to every RFC2119 keyword in each
> document.
> 
> The requirements here are 1) implementor SHOULD provide a per feature
> knob to turn individual features off, 2) provider MAY use those knobs,
> including knobs that another implementor made available.

I'd prefer the first to be a MUST, but you've documented wg consensus.
I don't think #2 makes any sense, but we can move on.

> 
> This is just trying to avoid unnecessarily inflexible specifications
> or unnecessarily inflexible implementations where some feature doesn't
> work when an unrelated feature is disabled.  This is in here because
> this inflexibility happens.
> 
> The framework can outline any feature dependencies.
> 
>>>> Line 149, match intro:
>>>> s/Advanced Multipath meets/Advanced Multipath is a formalization of
>>>> multipath techniques that meet
>>>
>>> OK.
>>>
>>>> Lines 251-254, beginning with "The" through the end of the paragraph.
>>>> This should be an FR.
>>>
>>> Looks like you mean this:
>>>
>>>    The transient period between some service disrupting
>>>    event and the convergence of the routing and/or signaling protocols
>>>    MUST occur within a time frame specified by Performance Objective
>>>    values.
>>>
>> Right.
>>> OK.  I'll add this as FR#6++.
>>>
>>  
>>>> That's it,
>>>> Lou
>>>
>>> There are a few suggestions for changes to the text based on your
>>> comments and a few questions for you.  Based on your response to this
>>> email I will edit the document.
>>>
>>> Thanks for the thorough review.
>>>
>>  
>> Thanks for the responses and the resend!
>>  
>> Lou
> 
> Sorry to mess up my own DNS and require a resend and a delay.
> 
NP!

Lou

> Curtis
> 
>>> Curtis
>>>
>>> - --rBI3apOu079413.1387337811/maildrop2.v6ds.occnc.com--
>>>
>>>
>>> ------- End of Forwarded Message
> 


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To: Lou Berger <lberger@labn.net>
From: Curtis Villamizar <curtis@ipv6.occnc.com>
Subject: Re: (resend) Re: RtgDir review: draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-13
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Converging.  But maybe one more round trip needed.

In message <52CD9D58.4010109@labn.net>
Lou Berger writes:
> 
> Hi Curtis,
>  
> See below.
>  
> On 01/07/2014 09:56 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> > In message <52CB3839.6020704@labn.net>
> > Lou Berger writes:
> >>
> >> Hi Curtis,
> >> 	Thanks for the response.  See below
> > 
> > You pointed out a  a few things you thought should be changed but left
> > it open for me to propose how to change things, so we'll need at least
> > one more iteration after this.
> > 
> Right, you're the author....
>  
> >> On 1/6/2014 12:00 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> >>> Lou et al,
> >>>
> >>> Resending.  I'm not sure if the original (sent Tue, 17 Dec 2013) went
> >>> through to all recipients. There may have been a problem (due to a
> >>> self inflicted DNS issue).
> >>>
> >>> I did not get a response so I suspect Lou didn't get this email.
> >>>
> >>> Curtis
> > 
> > FYI - most recent issue I found was an error in IN TXT v=spf1 line.
> > It might be a bad time to be experimenting with IPv6 transition
> > technologies and their effects of email.  :-(  Go back to plain old
> > dual stack and burn another IPv4 global?  Might be the right move.
> > 
> > Hopefully mail will get through to everyone now without a resend.  If
> > I have to resend I'll put the IPv6 mail server back into the DS
> > subnet before resending.
> > 
> > Curtis
> > 
> no problem at all on this one, so I think you're up and working!
>  
>  
> > 
> >>> In message <52A8B5AB.4040708@labn.net>
> >>> Lou Berger writes:
> >>>>
> ...
>  
> >> I believe my confusion was not understanding the differences between
> >> "Advanced Multipath" (with words capitalized) and "advanced multipath"
> >> (with words lower cased).  While I understand this is your intent, I see
> >> it as just leading to confusion. Ultimately, it's the author's / WG's
> >> call, i.e., not mine, to make.
> > 
> > OK so here is a suggestion to improve this.
> > 
> >  OLD
> > 
> >    Advanced Multipath
> >        Advanced Multipath meets the requirements defined in this
> >        document.  A key capability of advanced multipath is the support
> >        of non-homogeneous component links.
> > 
> >  OLD NEW
> > 
> >    Advanced Multipath
> >        Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
> >        that meets the requirements defined in this document.  A key
> >        capability of Advanced Multipath is the support of
> >        non-homogeneous component links. 
> > 
> >  NEWER
> > 
> >    Advanced Multipath
> >        Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
> >        that meets the requirements defined in this document.  A key
> >        capability of Advanced Multipath is the support of
> >        non-homogeneous component links. 
> > 
> >    Advanced Multipath Group (AMG)
> > 
> >       An Advanced Multipath Group (AMG) is group of component links
> >       where Advanced Multipath techniques are applied.
> > 
>  
> Ahh.  I think this is much better/clearer!

OK.  This is easy enough since it is just a terminology change.

> > This along the lines of "Link Aggregation" and LAG.  The first is
> > 802.1ax (or whatever, see the references).  The latter is a group of
> > component links.
> > 
> > Not to be confused with Absorbed Glass Mat lead-acid batteries...
> > (which is AGM not AMG).  But if you see me write AGM, you'll know why
> > (habit, typo).
> > 
> > I think if we use these definitions and make if this terminology
> > change is made everywhere in the document we will acheive the improved
> > clarity that you were looking for.
> > 
> > Is this OK?
>  
> Yes!

Only 42 occurances in the XML file to look at.  Certainly doable.

> >>>> 2. Editorial: server and client layer vs upper and lower layer.
> >>>>  
> >>>> The document uses server and client layer networks and LSPs and,
> >>>> sometimes interchangeably or redundantly, upper and lower layer networks
> >>>> and LSPs.  I think this issue can be resolved by avoiding the term
> >>>> client/server when referring to network layers and just using the
> >>>> lower/upper terminology.  The one exception to this is in the definition
> >>>> Client LSP which should simply be defined in the context of a multipath,
> >>>> i.e.:
> >>>> OLD
> >>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
> >>>> NEW
> >>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over Advanced Multipath.
> >>>
> >>> A client LSP can be set up over a server layer MPLS-TP LSP or any
> >>> server layer MPLS LSP or over a link layer or over a pseudowire ... or
> >>> over an advanced multipath.
> >>>
> >>  
> >> Would you accept s/server layer/lower layer/g?
> > 
> > The definition of server layer is not the same as the definition of
> > lower layer.  See below.
> > 
> >>>> I think this also means that usage of the term "Client" is limited to
> >>>> "Client LSP".
> >>>
> >>> I searched for all occurances of the word client.  All occurances are
> >>> "client LSP" excexpt the phrase "client of a client LSP" and that is
> >>> used only in the following paragraph.
> >>>
> >>>    The ingress and egress of a multipath may be midpoint LSRs with
> >>>    respect to a given client LSP.  A midpoint LSR does not participate
> >>>    in the signaling of any clients of the client LSP.  Therefore, in
> >>>    general, multipath endpoints cannot determine requirements of clients
> >>>    of a client LSP through participation in the signaling of the clients
> >>>    of the client LSP.
> >>>
> >>> THe point is that "A midpoint LSR does not participate in the
> >>> signaling of any clients of the client LSP" and that non-participation
> >>> in client (or higher layer) signaling applies to any "client of a
> >>> client LSP", not just other LSP running over it.
> >>>
> >>> I then searched for all occurances of the words upper and lower and
> >>> higher.  There are no occurances of "upper".
> >>>
> >>> There were a few occurances of "lower latency" and "higher latency".
> >>> Other than that, all occurances of lower and higher except one are in
> >>> the follwoing text:
> >>>
> >>>  3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks
> >>>
> >>>    A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
> >>>    example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
> >>>    MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).  The lower layer network may change
> >>>    the latency (and/or other performance parameters) seen by the client
> >>>    layer.  Currently, there is no protocol for the lower layer network
> >>>    to inform the higher layer network of a change in a performance
> >>>    parameter.  Communication of the latency performance parameter is a
> >>>    very important requirement.  Communication of other performance
> >>>    parameters (e.g., delay variation) is desirable.
> >>>
> >>>    FR#8  The solution SHALL specify a protocol means to allow a lower
> >>>        layer server network to communicate latency to the higher layer
> >>>        client network.
> >>>
> >>> The exception is this sentence:
> >>>
> >>>      FR#22 The solution SHOULD support the use case where an advanced
> >>>        multipath itself is a component link for a higher order advanced
> >>>        multipath.  For example, an advanced multipath comprised of MPLS-
> >>>        TP bi-directional tunnels viewed as logical links could then be
> >>>        used as a component link in yet another advanced multipath that
> >>>        connects MPLS routers.
> >>>
> >>> The terms lower layer and higher layer go all the way back to the ISO
> >>> seven layer model of ancient times (1970s?, 1980s?) and maybe further
> >>> back but that is before even my time.
> >>>
> >>> I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
> >>> definitions:
> >>>
> >>>    Higher Layers
> >>>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
> >>>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
> >>>
> >>>    Lower Layers
> >>>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
> >>>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
> >>>
> >>> Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
> >>> it is necessary, I will add it.
> >>>
> >> Perhaps we've talked (okay written) past each other.  I was suggesting
> >> using/keeping the "higher and lower layer" terminology, not dropping it.
> >> And to use it (consistently) in place of "client and server Layer".
> > 
> > I guess you missed the distinction in the definition above:
> > 
> >   For layer X layer Y is:
> > 
> >     client layer   ===   Y = X+1
> >     server layer   ===   Y = X-1
> >     higher layer   ===   Y > X
> >     lower layer    ===   Y < X
> > 
> > So the definition client layer is not the same as the definition of
> > higher layer.  The definition of server layer is not the same as the
> > definition of lower layer.
> > 
> > In some discussions we really do mean "the server layer" and not any
> > layer at any arbitrary depth below this one.
>  
> I read your usage of client/server layer to be synonymous with
> higher/lower layer, i.e. -+ 1.  Otherwise I'm not sure how to make sense
> of FR#8 (I think you really mean client layer not lower layer.)

FR#8 and FR#9 are about the server layer telling the client layer
about the delays that can be expected.  There is a little redundancy
here so s/ower layer server network/server network/ and
s/higher layer client network/client network/.  No plans to skip
layers.

> Given the current document usage, I still think it makes sense to
> eliminate the two instances of "client layer":  How about the following:
> OLD
>    Client LSP
>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
>        component links of that multipath.
> NEW
>    Client LSP
>        A client LSP is a LSP which
>        has been set up over Advanced Multipath as opposed to an LSP
>        representing the Advanced Multipath itself or any LSP that is
>        part of an Advanced Multipath Group.

Nope.  In general, a client LSP can be set up over a plain old
Ethernet on a given hop, therefore the second definition is too
narrow with this change.

> and
> OLD
>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by sets
>    of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP.
> NEW
>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by
>    LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.

What about PW?  Those are paths too by the definition of paths, so
again, this change makes the definition too narrow.

> >>>> 3. Technical: The document should make it clear that LSPs can provide
> >>>> paths from an Advanced Multipath.  I suggest adding something like the
> >>>> the following at the end of page 3
> >>>>    d. a lower layer LSP.
> >>>
> >>> Case "b." is intended to include LSP but is not specifically limited
> >>> to LSP.  Multipath (not Advanced Multipath) includes IGP ECMP,
> >>> Ethernet Link Aggregation, and all sorts of things that don't involve
> >>> MPLS at all.  For example, a path in Ethernet Link Aggregation Group
> >>> (LAG) could be supported by a pseudowires or ODU2e or GFP-F, though
> >>> this would be unknown to the LAG, or in the simplest case each path in
> >>> the set of LAG members could be supported by a plain Ethernet cable.
> >>>
> >>  
> >> okay, how about:
> >> OLD
> >>    b.  may be specific paths across a network to a destination
> >>        node, or
> >> NEW
> >>    b.  specific paths across a network to a destination
> >>        node (e.g., via an LSP), or
> > 
> > OK.  But I like to spell out "for example" and put it after the
> > definition.  That would give us:
> > 
> >        4.  The paths may be:
> > 
> >            a.  parallel links between two nodes, or
> > 
> >            b.  may be specific paths across a network to a destination
> >                node, or
> > 
> >            c.  may be links or paths to an intermediate node used to
> >                reach a common destination.
> > 
> >        The paths need not have equal capacity.  The paths may or may not
> >        have equal cost in a routing protocol.
> > +      Paths across a network which serve as a component link in a AMG
> > +      may be provided by other LSP acting as server LSP for the
> > +      client AMG.  Component links of a given AMG need not all use the
> > +      same type of server layer technology.  For example, one may be a
> > +      physical Ethernet, another a Packet Over Sonet (POS) link,
> > +      another a pseudowire, and another an LSP with individual hops
> > +      using a mix of lower layer technologies.
> > 
> > Is that an acceptable clarification?
>  
> Given the the definition of AMG I no longer see a need for the change or
> proposed text (and would prefer not having to discuss the proposed text.)
> ...

OK.  We won't make this addition.

> >>>> 5. Technical: use of "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15:
> >>>> In these cases it is unclear if the requirements apply to
> >>>> (a) a client's ability to indicate a desired service/LSP constraint or
> >>>> (b) a selected component link's attribute that will be used by a client
> >>>> LSP,
> >>>> (c) both, or
> >>>> (d) something completely different
> >>>> The requirements should be clear to which entity the requirement applies.
> >>>
> >>> This "indication" can be through signaling or the management plane and
> >>> both must be supported in later framework and protocol definitions and
> >>> we can argue then whether both must be supported or if one or the
> >>> other is a "should" in RFC 2119 speak.
> >>>
> >>> There was concern that the word "signal" would exclude providing the
> >>> same informantion through the management plane and therefore the word
> >>> "indicate" is used.
> >>>
> >>> Rather than spell this out many times we hoped this would be clear.  I
> >>> could add clarifying text up front if you think this is necessary.  For
> >>> example, I could add the following before FR#1.
> >>>
> >>>    FR#0  In requirements that follow in this document the word
> >>>       "indicate" is used where information may be provided by either
> >>>       the combination of link state IGP advertisement and MPLS LSP
> >>>       signaling or via management plane protocols.  In later documents
> >>>       providing framework and protocol definitions both signaling and
> >>>       management plane mechanisms MUST be defined.
> >>>
> >>  
> >> So is this the IGP/signaling that runs between a client an an AM "LER",
> >> between an AM "LSR" and its server network, or between AM LSRs?  If I
> >> understand AM properly, there may be *up to* there separate instances.
> >> Am I missing something?
> > 
> > Please don't abbreviate Advanced Multipath as AM.  Link Aggregation is
> > not LA.
>  
> Perhaps you should a requirement on this ;-)

Obvious acronym collision here, just like LA.

> > The word "indicate" is independent of the method of getting the
> > information there.  But yes in the example given the IGP advertisement
> > and MPLS LSP signaling that might be one such mechanism does refer to
> > the IGP and RSVP-TE MPLS/GMPLS that we all are familiar with.
> > 
> > If client and server LSP are PSC-3 and PSC-4 in MPLS hierarchy there
> > is only one IGP flooding information for both client and server layer,
> > hence the seemingly endless (and mostly pointless) discussion of
> > sub-layer vs layer from certain ITU people in the MPLS WG mailing list
> > who viewed MPLS as broken for not enforcing a strict layering in this
> > regard.  But we need not go into that level of detail in this example
> > of how independent of mechanism the "indicate" is and down that years
> > old MPLS WG terminology rat hole again.
> > 
> My comment is that you need to be clear to which layer a requirement
> applies.  Is it the server layer, the client layer  or the Advanced
> Multipath layer?

In each of the requirements you cited it is very clear that the client
later is communicating a requirement to the server layer, but if you'd
like I can reword to make that even more clear by rewording of the
form "SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate the
requirements of a client LSP [regarding X]", where X is minimize
latency (FR#10), bound latency (FR#11), bound jitter (FR#12), specific
component link (FR#13), bidirection co-routed (FR#14), no reordering
(FR#15), bounded frequency of rebalance (FR#20).

> >>> It would be trivial to make this FR#1 and renumber the rest.
> >>>
> >>  
> >> I don't think the FR helped clarify the above question.
> > 
> > The choice of the word "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15 does not
> > imply usage by a specific layer.  That is a direct answer to your
> > question.
> > 
> > In all of these specific cases, the the client layer is passing a
> > requirement to the server layer so in the IGP + RSVP-TE world that
> > would be a function of RSVP-TE.  In the absense of control plane, it
> > would have to be done through management plane interaction where the
> > client indicates requirements of an LSP and the server layer is free
> > to figure out how to meet those requirements.
> > 
> > Do you want me to add the clarification on the use of the word
> > "indicate" or not?
>  
> I think you need to be clear that the requirement applies to all three
> layers.

There are no distinct three layers.  You are imagining a model that is
not used in this document so please don't impose model on our document.

In your sentence above I have no idea what "the requirement" refers to.

In summary:

We were discussing why the word "indicate" was used to avoid requiring
specific mechanisms for information passing and I asked if I should
add the following.

   FR#0  In requirements that follow in this document the word
      "indicate" is used where information may be provided by either
      the combination of link state IGP advertisement and MPLS LSP
      signaling or via management plane protocols.  In later documents
      providing framework and protocol definitions both signaling and
      management plane mechanisms MUST be defined.

Information is two way.  The requirements you cited were all worded in
the form "The solution SHALL provide a means to indicate that a client
LSP will ...".  So far I have offerred to reword this to the form "The
solution SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate a
requirement that a client LSP will ..." (ie: get minimum latency, get
bound latency, etc).

Is adding FR#0 OK?

Do you want this sort of rewording to make it more explicit that the
client layer is communication a requirement for a specific client LSP?

> >>> Should I add it and renumber?
> >>>
> >>>> 6. The last paragraph in section 3.3. strikes me as both odd and out of
> >>>> place.  There are so many possible decisions that must be considered by
> >>>> network operators relative to disruption and optimization.  Why mention
> >>>> just "power reduction"?  Is there something special about the
> >>>> interactions of multipath and power reduction?  What value / information
> >>>> does this paragraph add?
> >>>
> >>> The last paragraph in section 3.3 is:
> >>>
> >>>    Allowing multipath to contain component links with different
> >>>    characteristics can improve the overall load balance and can be
> >>>    accomplished while still accommodating the more strict requirements
> >>>    of a subset of client LSP.
> >>>
> >>> I'm not sure if this is the "odd and out of place" paragraph you refer
> >>> to.  It summarizes the purpose of the requirements in this section.  I
> >>> think you mean section 3.5 and not 3.3.
> >>>
> >>  
> >> Correct.
> >>  
> >>> The remainder of your paragraph above discusses power reducetion and
> >>> this is only mentioned in section 3.5 so I think you mean this
> >>> paragraph.
> >>>
> >> Right again.
> >>  
> >>>    As with any load balancing change, a change initiated for the purpose
> >>>    of power reduction may be minimally disruptive.  Typically the
> >>>    disruption is limited to a change in delay characteristics and the
> >>>    potential for a very brief period with traffic reordering.  The
> >>>    network operator when configuring a network for power reduction
> >>>    should weigh the benefit of power reduction against the disadvantage
> >>>    of a minimal disruption.
> >>>
> >>> The paragraphs following a set of requirements provide discussion
> >>> related to that set of requirements.  I don't see this as out of
> >>> place.  The prior two paragraphs discuss delay discontinuity.  This
> >>> paragraph is a reminder that "As with any load balancing change, a
> >>> change initiated for the purpose of power reduction may be minimally
> >>> disruptive."  I don't see this as out of place.
> >>>
> >>> For example, to compensate for a less than perfect load balance a
> >>> subset of LSPs may need to be moved and that subset can be chosen from
> >>> those which will be least affected (and there are plenty of
> >>> requirements that compell the fussy LSP to tell the network abour
> >>> their specifial needs).  To power down a component link, *all* LSP on
> >>> that component link need to be moved, even the very fussy ones.
> >>> Therefore I think mentioning that disruption should be considered is
> >>> not out of place in the discussion following these requirements.  We
> >>> like to keep the discussion brief so this level of detail was not
> >>> included.
> >>>
> >>  
> >> I guess we see the importance of this topic differently.  So will this
> >> be the first RFC that uses the term "power reduction"?
> > 
> > Perhaps.  A co-author originally wanted it added.  The set of authors
> > kicked this around and reworded the original.  The wording is brief
> > and vague and the use of MAY in the actual requirement means we will
> > not disallow this.  So far no one in the WG has objected to this
> > wording and its been there a long time.
> > 
> > Would you like me to remove the requirement and discussion of its
> > implications after the WG concensus so far was to keep it?
> > 
>  
> I think the text opens the door to the objection/question as to why just
> this "application" and not others are called out.  Now that I've asked
> the question, we can move on.  The AD can always revisit if he so chooses.
>  
> ...

OK

> >>>> Nits:
> >>>>  
> >>>> - References should be provided in all cases when referring to
> >>>>   "existing ... techniques"
> >>>
> >>> References are not allowed in the abstract.  In section 3.3 is the sentence:
> >>>
> >>>    Refer to the Appendices in [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-cl-use-cases] for a
> >>>    description of existing techniques and a set of references.
> >>>
> >>> Much of that document is dedicated to describing existing techniques
> >>> and it contains quite a few references.
> >>>
> >>> I can move this sentence.  Where in the document would you like to see
> >>> it moved to?
> >>>
> >> (Lines numbers from URL below.)
> >> Lines 200/201 and  278 have this issue.  Lines 297 and 342 do not.
> >>  
> >>>> Using line numbers from
> >>>> http://tools.ietf.org/idnits?url=http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-13.txt
> >>>
> >>> Using line number is a text editor counts the page headers.  What tool
> >>> are you using?  I didn't see anything on tools.ietf.org.
> >>>
> >> huh.  enter the above URL in a browser and you should see the line numbers.
> >>  
> >>> So I'll guess.  Looks like add 10 lines per page.
> >>>
> >>  
> >>>> Line 112
> >>>> s/SHOULD/should
> >>>
> >>> s/keywords, SHOULD be interpreted/keywords SHOULD be interpreted/
> >>>
> >>> Also remove stray comma.
> >>>
> >> I don't think use of 2119 language being applied to the reader is
> >> appropriate, but whatever...
> > 
> > You want me to downcase "SHOULD be interpreted".  I missed a M-l in
> > the s/// edit (emacs downcase next word) and got only the stray comma.
> > 
>  
> Right.
>  
> >>>> Line 118
> >>>> s/MAY/may
> >>>
> >>> s/deployment MAY choose to/deployment may choose to/
> >>>
> >>> OK.  Could go either way but s/MAY chose to/MAY/ would work too.
> >>>
> >> No.  The issue is that this document doesn't place conformance
> >> requirements on a service provider so RFC2119 language isn't appropriate
> >> here.
> > 
> > No IETF document truly places conformance requirements on either the
> > service provider or implementor, but we put RFC2119 language in
> > telling them what to do all the time.  No one in IETF signed a legal
> > document forcing them to adhere to every RFC2119 keyword in each
> > document.
> > 
> > The requirements here are 1) implementor SHOULD provide a per feature
> > knob to turn individual features off, 2) provider MAY use those knobs,
> > including knobs that another implementor made available.
>  
> I'd prefer the first to be a MUST, but you've documented wg consensus.
> I don't think #2 makes any sense, but we can move on.
>  
> > 
> > This is just trying to avoid unnecessarily inflexible specifications
> > or unnecessarily inflexible implementations where some feature doesn't
> > work when an unrelated feature is disabled.  This is in here because
> > this inflexibility happens.
> > 
> > The framework can outline any feature dependencies.
> > 
> >>>> Line 149, match intro:
> >>>> s/Advanced Multipath meets/Advanced Multipath is a formalization of
> >>>> multipath techniques that meet
> >>>
> >>> OK.
> >>>
> >>>> Lines 251-254, beginning with "The" through the end of the paragraph.
> >>>> This should be an FR.
> >>>
> >>> Looks like you mean this:
> >>>
> >>>    The transient period between some service disrupting
> >>>    event and the convergence of the routing and/or signaling protocols
> >>>    MUST occur within a time frame specified by Performance Objective
> >>>    values.
> >>>
> >> Right.
> >>> OK.  I'll add this as FR#6++.
> >>>
> >>  
> >>>> That's it,
> >>>> Lou
> >>>
> >>> There are a few suggestions for changes to the text based on your
> >>> comments and a few questions for you.  Based on your response to this
> >>> email I will edit the document.
> >>>
> >>> Thanks for the thorough review.
> >>>
> >>  
> >> Thanks for the responses and the resend!
> >>  
> >> Lou
> > 
> > Sorry to mess up my own DNS and require a resend and a delay.
> > 
> NP!
>  
> Lou

Curtis

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Curtis,

I think we have one disconnect (and corresponding related text) that we
need to resolve before we can be close the discussion. See below for
details..

On 1/8/2014 11:33 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> Converging.  But maybe one more round trip needed.
> 
> In message <52CD9D58.4010109@labn.net>
> Lou Berger writes:
>>
...

>>>>>> 2. Editorial: server and client layer vs upper and lower layer.
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> The document uses server and client layer networks and LSPs and,
>>>>>> sometimes interchangeably or redundantly, upper and lower layer networks
>>>>>> and LSPs.  I think this issue can be resolved by avoiding the term
>>>>>> client/server when referring to network layers and just using the
>>>>>> lower/upper terminology.  The one exception to this is in the definition
>>>>>> Client LSP which should simply be defined in the context of a multipath,
>>>>>> i.e.:
>>>>>> OLD
>>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>>>>>> NEW
>>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over Advanced Multipath.
>>>>>
>>>>> A client LSP can be set up over a server layer MPLS-TP LSP or any
>>>>> server layer MPLS LSP or over a link layer or over a pseudowire ... or
>>>>> over an advanced multipath.
>>>>>
>>>>  
>>>> Would you accept s/server layer/lower layer/g?
>>>
>>> The definition of server layer is not the same as the definition of
>>> lower layer.  See below.
>>>
>>>>>> I think this also means that usage of the term "Client" is limited to
>>>>>> "Client LSP".
>>>>>
>>>>> I searched for all occurances of the word client.  All occurances are
>>>/>> "client LSP" excexpt the phrase "client of a client LSP" and that is
>>>>> used only in the following paragraph.
>>>>>
>>>>>    The ingress and egress of a multipath may be midpoint LSRs with
>>>>>    respect to a given client LSP.  A midpoint LSR does not participate
>>>>>    in the signaling of any clients of the client LSP.  Therefore, in
>>>>>    general, multipath endpoints cannot determine requirements of clients
>>>>>    of a client LSP through participation in the signaling of the clients
>>>>>    of the client LSP.
>>>>>
>>>>> THe point is that "A midpoint LSR does not participate in the
>>>>> signaling of any clients of the client LSP" and that non-participation
>>>>> in client (or higher layer) signaling applies to any "client of a
>>>>> client LSP", not just other LSP running over it.
>>>>>
>>>>> I then searched for all occurances of the words upper and lower and
>>>>> higher.  There are no occurances of "upper".
>>>>>
>>>>> There were a few occurances of "lower latency" and "higher latency".
>>>>> Other than that, all occurances of lower and higher except one are in
>>>>> the follwoing text:
>>>>>
>>>>>  3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks
>>>>>
>>>>>    A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
>>>>>    example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
>>>>>    MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).  The lower layer network may change
>>>>>    the latency (and/or other performance parameters) seen by the client
>>>>>    layer.  Currently, there is no protocol for the lower layer network
>>>>>    to inform the higher layer network of a change in a performance
>>>>>    parameter.  Communication of the latency performance parameter is a
>>>>>    very important requirement.  Communication of other performance
>>>>>    parameters (e.g., delay variation) is desirable.
>>>>>
>>>>>    FR#8  The solution SHALL specify a protocol means to allow a lower
>>>>>        layer server network to communicate latency to the higher layer
>>>>>        client network.
>>>>>
>>>>> The exception is this sentence:
>>>>>
>>>>>      FR#22 The solution SHOULD support the use case where an advanced
>>>>>        multipath itself is a component link for a higher order advanced
>>>>>        multipath.  For example, an advanced multipath comprised of MPLS-
>>>>>        TP bi-directional tunnels viewed as logical links could then be
>>>>>        used as a component link in yet another advanced multipath that
>>>>>        connects MPLS routers.
>>>>>
>>>>> The terms lower layer and higher layer go all the way back to the ISO
>>>>> seven layer model of ancient times (1970s?, 1980s?) and maybe further
>>>>> back but that is before even my time.
>>>>>
>>>>> I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
>>>>> definitions:
>>>>>
>>>>>    Higher Layers
>>>>>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
>>>>>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
>>>>>
>>>>>    Lower Layers
>>>>>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
>>>>>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
>>>>>
>>>>> Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
>>>>> it is necessary, I will add it.
>>>>>
>>>> Perhaps we've talked (okay written) past each other.  I was suggesting
>>>> using/keeping the "higher and lower layer" terminology, not dropping it.
>>>> And to use it (consistently) in place of "client and server Layer".
>>>
>>> I guess you missed the distinction in the definition above:
>>>
>>>   For layer X layer Y is:
>>>
>>>     client layer   ===   Y = X+1
>>>     server layer   ===   Y = X-1
>>>     higher layer   ===   Y > X
>>>     lower layer    ===   Y < X
>>>
>>> So the definition client layer is not the same as the definition of
>>> higher layer.  The definition of server layer is not the same as the
>>> definition of lower layer.
>>>
>>> In some discussions we really do mean "the server layer" and not any
>>> layer at any arbitrary depth below this one.
>>  
>> I read your usage of client/server layer to be synonymous with
>> higher/lower layer, i.e. -+ 1.  Otherwise I'm not sure how to make sense
>> of FR#8 (I think you really mean client layer not lower layer.)
> 
> FR#8 and FR#9 are about the server layer telling the client layer
> about the delays that can be expected.  There is a little redundancy
> here so s/ower layer server network/server network/ and
> s/higher layer client network/client network/.  No plans to skip
> layers.
> 

I think we need to hit the points below before this one...

>> Given the current document usage, I still think it makes sense to
>> eliminate the two instances of "client layer":  How about the following:
>> OLD
>>    Client LSP
>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
>>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
>>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
>>        component links of that multipath.
>> NEW
>>    Client LSP
>>        A client LSP is a LSP which
>>        has been set up over Advanced Multipath as opposed to an LSP
>>        representing the Advanced Multipath itself or any LSP that is
>>        part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
> 
> Nope.  In general, a client LSP can be set up over a plain old
> Ethernet on a given hop, therefore the second definition is too
> narrow with this change.
> 

humm, you didn't have that in your OLD text.  In fact, the old text
reads to me that an Advanced Multipath (solution?) logically sits
between a client LSP and an underlying server layer in all cases.

So the model I see defined by the text has the following layers

   Client LSP (layer)
   ----------
   Advanced Multipath (layer/solution/construct)
   ----------
   Server Layer (composed of AMGs which are LSPs and/or links)

Is this aligned with your intent?  If not, can you explain the
relationship you see for Advanced Multipath Client LSPs and Advanced
Multipath AMGs?

>> and
>> OLD
>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
>>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
>>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by sets
>>    of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP.
>> NEW
>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
>>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
>>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by
>>    LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
> 
> What about PW?  Those are paths too by the definition of paths, so
> again, this change makes the definition too narrow.
> 

PWs weren't mentioned in your OLD text, so I didn't add them.  I also
have no objections to adding them.

The only change I made was
s/sets of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP./
 LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.

...

> 
>>> The word "indicate" is independent of the method of getting the
>>> information there.  But yes in the example given the IGP advertisement
>>> and MPLS LSP signaling that might be one such mechanism does refer to
>>> the IGP and RSVP-TE MPLS/GMPLS that we all are familiar with.
>>>
>>> If client and server LSP are PSC-3 and PSC-4 in MPLS hierarchy there
>>> is only one IGP flooding information for both client and server layer,
>>> hence the seemingly endless (and mostly pointless) discussion of
>>> sub-layer vs layer from certain ITU people in the MPLS WG mailing list
>>> who viewed MPLS as broken for not enforcing a strict layering in this
>>> regard.  But we need not go into that level of detail in this example
>>> of how independent of mechanism the "indicate" is and down that years
>>> old MPLS WG terminology rat hole again.
>>>
>> My comment is that you need to be clear to which layer a requirement
>> applies.  Is it the server layer, the client layer  or the Advanced
>> Multipath layer?
> 
> In each of the requirements you cited it is very clear that the client
> later is communicating a requirement to the server layer, but if you'd
> like I can reword to make that even more clear by rewording of the
> form "SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate the
> requirements of a client LSP [regarding X]", where X is minimize
> latency (FR#10), bound latency (FR#11), bound jitter (FR#12), specific
> component link (FR#13), bidirection co-routed (FR#14), no reordering
> (FR#15), bounded frequency of rebalance (FR#20).

Okay, I think this will/may help.  My comment goes back to the model I
was asking about above.  And to which part of the puzzle the requirement
applies.

> 
>>>>> It would be trivial to make this FR#1 and renumber the rest.
>>>>>
>>>>  
>>>> I don't think the FR helped clarify the above question.
>>>
>>> The choice of the word "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15 does not
>>> imply usage by a specific layer.  That is a direct answer to your
>>> question.
>>>
>>> In all of these specific cases, the the client layer is passing a
>>> requirement to the server layer so in the IGP + RSVP-TE world that
>>> would be a function of RSVP-TE.  In the absense of control plane, it
>>> would have to be done through management plane interaction where the
>>> client indicates requirements of an LSP and the server layer is free
>>> to figure out how to meet those requirements.
>>>
>>> Do you want me to add the clarification on the use of the word
>>> "indicate" or not?
>>  
>> I think you need to be clear that the requirement applies to all three
>> layers.
> 
> There are no distinct three layers.  You are imagining a model that is
> not used in this document so please don't impose model on our document.
> 

Well your old definition of Client LSP said that it was a client of
"multipath" and else where you say that "multipath" operates over a
server layer.  As mentioned above, this sounds like three layers to me.
 If this is not your intent, I think you need to make it clear (through
revised text) what model you do intend.

> In your sentence above I have no idea what "the requirement" refers to.
> 
> In summary:
> 
> We were discussing why the word "indicate" was used to avoid requiring
> specific mechanisms for information passing and I asked if I should
> add the following.
> 
>    FR#0  In requirements that follow in this document the word
>       "indicate" is used where information may be provided by either
>       the combination of link state IGP advertisement and MPLS LSP
>       signaling or via management plane protocols.  In later documents
>       providing framework and protocol definitions both signaling and
>       management plane mechanisms MUST be defined.
> 
> Information is two way.  The requirements you cited were all worded in
> the form "The solution SHALL provide a means to indicate that a client
> LSP will ...".  So far I have offerred to reword this to the form "The
> solution SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate a
> requirement that a client LSP will ..." (ie: get minimum latency, get
> bound latency, etc).
> 
> Is adding FR#0 OK?
> 
> Do you want this sort of rewording to make it more explicit that the
> client layer is communication a requirement for a specific client LSP?
> 

I think we need to come back to this once we resolve the "model" topic.

...

Thanks,
Lou


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Subject: Ask for comments: draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn-00.txt
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Greeting all,

We uploaded a draft that proposed a generic routing method and protocol 
for a regular data center network, named as the fault-avoidance routing 
(FAR) protocol. FAR protocol provides a generic routing method for all 
kinds of network architectures that are proposed for large-scale cloud 
data centers over the past few years.  FAR protocol is well designed to 
fully leverage the regularity in the topology and compute its routing 
table in a simple way.

We hope to get valuable opinions of experts in the routing group on our 
draft.

Best regards,
Richard Bin Liu

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A new version of I-D, draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn-00.txt
has been successfully submitted by Bin Liu and posted to the
IETF repository.

Filename:                 draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn
Revision:                 00
Title:                            Generic Fault-avoidance Routing Protocol 
for Data Center Networks
Creation date:            2013-12-19
Group:                            Individual Submission
Number of pages: 24
URL: http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn-00.txt
Status:          http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn
Htmlized:        http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn-00


Abstract:
   This draft proposed a generic routing method and protocol for a
   regular data center network, named as the fault-avoidance routing
   (FAR) protocol.  FAR protocol provides a generic routing method for
   all kinds of network architectures that are proposed for large-scale
   cloud data centers over the past few years.  FAR protocol is well
   designed to fully leverage the regularity in the topology and compute
   its routing table in a simple way.  Fat-tree is taken as an example
   architecture to illuminate how to apply FAR protocol in this draft.

  


--=_alternative 000494DF48257C5E_=
Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII"


<br><font size=2>Greeting all,</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2>We uploaded a draft that proposed a generic routing method
and protocol for a regular data center network, named as the fault-avoidance
routing (FAR) protocol. FAR protocol provides a generic routing method
for all kinds of network architectures that are proposed for large-scale
cloud data centers over the past few years. &nbsp;FAR protocol is well
designed to fully leverage the regularity in the topology and compute its
routing table in a simple way.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2>We hope to get valuable opinions of experts in the routing
group on our draft.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2>Best regards,</font>
<br><font size=2>Richard Bin Liu</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2>---------------------------------------------------------------------------</font>
<br><font size=2>A new version of I-D, draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn-00.txt</font>
<br><font size=2>has been successfully submitted by Bin Liu and posted
to the</font>
<br><font size=2>IETF repository.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2>Filename: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn</font>
<br><font size=2>Revision: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;00</font>
<br><font size=2>Title: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Generic Fault-avoidance Routing Protocol for
Data Center Networks</font>
<br><font size=2>Creation date: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2013-12-19</font>
<br><font size=2>Group: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Individual Submission</font>
<br><font size=2>Number of pages: 24</font>
<br><font size=2>URL: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn-00.txt</font>
<br><font size=2>Status: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn</font>
<br><font size=2>Htmlized: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn-00</font>
<br>
<br>
<br><font size=2>Abstract:</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;This draft proposed a generic routing method
and protocol for a</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;regular data center network, named as the
fault-avoidance routing</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;(FAR) protocol. &nbsp;FAR protocol provides
a generic routing method for</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;all kinds of network architectures that are
proposed for large-scale</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;cloud data centers over the past few years.
&nbsp;FAR protocol is well</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;designed to fully leverage the regularity
in the topology and compute</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;its routing table in a simple way. &nbsp;Fat-tree
is taken as an example</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;architecture to illuminate how to apply FAR
protocol in this draft.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
</font>
<br>
<br>
--=_alternative 000494DF48257C5E_=--

From curtis@ipv6.occnc.com  Wed Jan 15 16:00:25 2014
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In message <52D02F67.9070604@labn.net>
Lou Berger writes:
 
> Curtis,
>  
> I think we have one disconnect (and corresponding related text) that we
> need to resolve before we can be close the discussion. See below for
> details..
>  
> On 1/8/2014 11:33 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> > Converging.  But maybe one more round trip needed.
> > 
> > In message <52CD9D58.4010109@labn.net>
> > Lou Berger writes:
> >>
> ...
>  
> >>>>>> 2. Editorial: server and client layer vs upper and lower layer.
> >>>>>>  
> >>>>>> The document uses server and client layer networks and LSPs and,
> >>>>>> sometimes interchangeably or redundantly, upper and lower layer networks
> >>>>>> and LSPs.  I think this issue can be resolved by avoiding the term
> >>>>>> client/server when referring to network layers and just using the
> >>>>>> lower/upper terminology.  The one exception to this is in the definition
> >>>>>> Client LSP which should simply be defined in the context of a multipath,
> >>>>>> i.e.:
> >>>>>> OLD
> >>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
> >>>>>> NEW
> >>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over Advanced Multipath.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> A client LSP can be set up over a server layer MPLS-TP LSP or any
> >>>>> server layer MPLS LSP or over a link layer or over a pseudowire ... or
> >>>>> over an advanced multipath.
> >>>>>
> >>>>  
> >>>> Would you accept s/server layer/lower layer/g?
> >>>
> >>> The definition of server layer is not the same as the definition of
> >>> lower layer.  See below.
> >>>
> >>>>>> I think this also means that usage of the term "Client" is limited to
> >>>>>> "Client LSP".
> >>>>>
> >>>>> I searched for all occurances of the word client.  All occurances are
> >>>/>> "client LSP" excexpt the phrase "client of a client LSP" and that is
> >>>>> used only in the following paragraph.
> >>>>>
> >>>>>    The ingress and egress of a multipath may be midpoint LSRs with
> >>>>>    respect to a given client LSP.  A midpoint LSR does not participate
> >>>>>    in the signaling of any clients of the client LSP.  Therefore, in
> >>>>>    general, multipath endpoints cannot determine requirements of clients
> >>>>>    of a client LSP through participation in the signaling of the clients
> >>>>>    of the client LSP.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> THe point is that "A midpoint LSR does not participate in the
> >>>>> signaling of any clients of the client LSP" and that non-participation
> >>>>> in client (or higher layer) signaling applies to any "client of a
> >>>>> client LSP", not just other LSP running over it.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> I then searched for all occurances of the words upper and lower and
> >>>>> higher.  There are no occurances of "upper".
> >>>>>
> >>>>> There were a few occurances of "lower latency" and "higher latency".
> >>>>> Other than that, all occurances of lower and higher except one are in
> >>>>> the follwoing text:
> >>>>>
> >>>>>  3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks
> >>>>>
> >>>>>    A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
> >>>>>    example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
> >>>>>    MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).  The lower layer network may change
> >>>>>    the latency (and/or other performance parameters) seen by the client
> >>>>>    layer.  Currently, there is no protocol for the lower layer network
> >>>>>    to inform the higher layer network of a change in a performance
> >>>>>    parameter.  Communication of the latency performance parameter is a
> >>>>>    very important requirement.  Communication of other performance
> >>>>>    parameters (e.g., delay variation) is desirable.
> >>>>>
> >>>>>    FR#8  The solution SHALL specify a protocol means to allow a lower
> >>>>>        layer server network to communicate latency to the higher layer
> >>>>>        client network.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> The exception is this sentence:
> >>>>>
> >>>>>      FR#22 The solution SHOULD support the use case where an advanced
> >>>>>        multipath itself is a component link for a higher order advanced
> >>>>>        multipath.  For example, an advanced multipath comprised of MPLS-
> >>>>>        TP bi-directional tunnels viewed as logical links could then be
> >>>>>        used as a component link in yet another advanced multipath that
> >>>>>        connects MPLS routers.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> The terms lower layer and higher layer go all the way back to the ISO
> >>>>> seven layer model of ancient times (1970s?, 1980s?) and maybe further
> >>>>> back but that is before even my time.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
> >>>>> definitions:
> >>>>>
> >>>>>    Higher Layers
> >>>>>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
> >>>>>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
> >>>>>
> >>>>>    Lower Layers
> >>>>>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
> >>>>>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
> >>>>> it is necessary, I will add it.
> >>>>>
> >>>> Perhaps we've talked (okay written) past each other.  I was suggesting
> >>>> using/keeping the "higher and lower layer" terminology, not dropping it.
> >>>> And to use it (consistently) in place of "client and server Layer".
> >>>
> >>> I guess you missed the distinction in the definition above:
> >>>
> >>>   For layer X layer Y is:
> >>>
> >>>     client layer   ===   Y = X+1
> >>>     server layer   ===   Y = X-1
> >>>     higher layer   ===   Y > X
> >>>     lower layer    ===   Y < X
> >>>
> >>> So the definition client layer is not the same as the definition of
> >>> higher layer.  The definition of server layer is not the same as the
> >>> definition of lower layer.
> >>>
> >>> In some discussions we really do mean "the server layer" and not any
> >>> layer at any arbitrary depth below this one.
> >>  
> >> I read your usage of client/server layer to be synonymous with
> >> higher/lower layer, i.e. -+ 1.  Otherwise I'm not sure how to make sense
> >> of FR#8 (I think you really mean client layer not lower layer.)
> > 
> > FR#8 and FR#9 are about the server layer telling the client layer
> > about the delays that can be expected.  There is a little redundancy
> > here so s/ower layer server network/server network/ and
> > s/higher layer client network/client network/.  No plans to skip
> > layers.
> > 
>  
> I think we need to hit the points below before this one...

OK.

> >> Given the current document usage, I still think it makes sense to
> >> eliminate the two instances of "client layer":  How about the following:
> >> OLD
> >>    Client LSP
> >>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
> >>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
> >>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
> >>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
> >>        component links of that multipath.
> >> NEW
> >>    Client LSP
> >>        A client LSP is a LSP which
> >>        has been set up over Advanced Multipath as opposed to an LSP
> >>        representing the Advanced Multipath itself or any LSP that is
> >>        part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
> > 
> > Nope.  In general, a client LSP can be set up over a plain old
> > Ethernet on a given hop, therefore the second definition is too
> > narrow with this change.
> > 
>  
> humm, you didn't have that in your OLD text.  In fact, the old text
> reads to me that an Advanced Multipath (solution?) logically sits
> between a client LSP and an underlying server layer in all cases.

The "OLD" was a quote from you and it was the original text in -13.  I
said "Nope. ..." to your suggested change to it in this way.

Earlier
(http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/rtgwg/current/msg04274.html) I
had suggested the following change:

  I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
  definitions:

   Higher Layers
      A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
      client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.

   Lower Layers
      A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
      The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.

  Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
  it is necessary, I will add it.

You will find this in the quoted text above.

The definition of client LSP does not imply that Advanced Multipath is
a layer.  This also used lower case "multipath" which we can replace
with AMG.  There is no LAG layer in a network in with MPLS runs over
Ethernet and some of the Ethernets use Link Aggregation.

> So the model I see defined by the text has the following layers
>  
>    Client LSP (layer)
>    ----------
>    Advanced Multipath (layer/solution/construct)
>    ----------
>    Server Layer (composed of AMGs which are LSPs and/or links)
>  
> Is this aligned with your intent?  If not, can you explain the
> relationship you see for Advanced Multipath Client LSPs and Advanced
> Multipath AMGs?

You imaginged this model and are trying to constrain the text to fit
into it..

Consider these examples of client layer and server layer.

  plain old rfc-4206

    LSP-1 (PSC-0) = client of LSP-2
    LSP-2 (PSC-1) = server of LSP-1

  LSP over Ethernet over PW over MPLS

    LSP-1 = client of Ethernet
    Ethernet = server of LSP-1, client of PW
    PW = server of Ethernet, client of LSP-2
    LSP-2 = server of PW

There is then the question of whether Advanced Multipath is a layer or
a set of techniques that can be applied at a given layer.  Example
potential config language:

  mple {
    tunnel x1 {
      type multipath {
        component tunnel x2;
	component tunnel x3;
	[...]
	component intf i1;
	component intf i2;
	[...]
      }
      [...]
    }
    [...]
  }

No distinct layer above.

An alternate:

  mple {
    tunnel x1 {
      [...]
    }
    [...]
  }

  interface amg1;
      type multipath {
        component tunnel x2;
	component tunnel x3;
	[...]
	component intf i1;
	component intf i2;
	[...]
      }
      [...]
    }
    [...]
  }

In the former example, the tunnel x1 is forced to use a specific set
of component links and apply multipath techniques to it.

In the latter example, if tunnel x1 happen to find that interface amg1
was the lowest cost or otherwise preferred way to get to its
destination it makes use of amg1 and if so inherits the use of the
multipath techniques.

There is no distinct multipath encapsulation at the date layer so some
might argue that even in the second case there is no distinct layer,
just a configuration convenience.

Claiming that Advanced Multipath is of itself a layer may get us into
a bigger can of worms.

For example in today's ECMP, the next hop consists of multiple
interfaces.  ECMP is not considered a layer between IP and those
interfaces.  Link bundle is also not considered a layer.

In the document we have not claimed that Advanced Multipath is a type
of layer and we have not claimed that Advanced Multipath is not a type
of layer.  Either way we would get someone arguing that the opposite
was true.  [Some individuals it seems would pick the opposite of
whatever we picked just because they like to argue about layering.]

Need I remind you of the painfully long and mostly pointless arguments
in MPLS during the early MPLS-TP work about whether an MPLS LSP
carried within another hierarchical MPLS LSP was a layer or a
sub-layer.  We don't want to repeat that and the best way to do so is
to not make any statement about whether Advanced Multipath is a layer
or a sub-layer or a layering NOOP.

Which of the above is the "right" way to do things may be at most a
framework issue but may not come up until management plane entities
are defined.  It is certainly not a topic for a requirements document
because it is deep into the "how it gets done".

> >> and
> >> OLD
> >>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
> >>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
> >>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by sets
> >>    of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP.
> >> NEW
> >>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
> >>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
> >>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by
> >>    LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
> > 
> > What about PW?  Those are paths too by the definition of paths, so
> > again, this change makes the definition too narrow.
> > 
>  
> PWs weren't mentioned in your OLD text, so I didn't add them.  I also
> have no objections to adding them.

Actually the text you wrote is incorrect.  "The above requirement
applies to component links" can include physical links and server
layer LSP but adding that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group is
incorrect.

I'm not sure but I think this instance of "server layer" was added to
that LSP wording because you were confused on last review about client
LSP vs LSP over which Advanced Multipath was applied so I went around
changing everything to "client LSP" or "server layer LSP" to make it
more clear to you.  You now seem to be stuck on the wording that is
essentially saying "any type of component link" including "server
layer LSP".

> The only change I made was
> s/sets of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP./
>  LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.

And that change was wrong.  A more correct change would be

s/provided by server layer LSP/including paths provided by server
layer LSP/

That would include any sort of path across the network.  PW could be
considered an emulated physcial link or another usable type of path
across the network.

The "above set of requirements" in this case have to do with passing
down requirements for min latency, bounded latency, and bounded
jitter.  The original paragraph is:

   The above set of requirements apply to component links with
   different characteristics regardless as to whether those component
   links are provided by parallel physical links between nodes or
   provided by sets of paths across a network provided by server layer
   LSP.

The intent is "The above set of requirements apply to component links"
followed by "regardless of what type of component links they are"
where we had disccssed two types being an interface or emulated
interface (or virtual interface in some major vendor terms) or an LSP
(which is also a virtual interface in some major vendor terms).

I don't understand how you can get so hung up on the wording of what
is intended to convey "regardless of what type of component links they
are".  This has always been clear to the WG.

> >>> The word "indicate" is independent of the method of getting the
> >>> information there.  But yes in the example given the IGP advertisement
> >>> and MPLS LSP signaling that might be one such mechanism does refer to
> >>> the IGP and RSVP-TE MPLS/GMPLS that we all are familiar with.
> >>>
> >>> If client and server LSP are PSC-3 and PSC-4 in MPLS hierarchy there
> >>> is only one IGP flooding information for both client and server layer,
> >>> hence the seemingly endless (and mostly pointless) discussion of
> >>> sub-layer vs layer from certain ITU people in the MPLS WG mailing list
> >>> who viewed MPLS as broken for not enforcing a strict layering in this
> >>> regard.  But we need not go into that level of detail in this example
> >>> of how independent of mechanism the "indicate" is and down that years
> >>> old MPLS WG terminology rat hole again.
> >>>
> >> My comment is that you need to be clear to which layer a requirement
> >> applies.  Is it the server layer, the client layer  or the Advanced
> >> Multipath layer?
> > 
> > In each of the requirements you cited it is very clear that the client
> > later is communicating a requirement to the server layer, but if you'd
> > like I can reword to make that even more clear by rewording of the
> > form "SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate the
> > requirements of a client LSP [regarding X]", where X is minimize
> > latency (FR#10), bound latency (FR#11), bound jitter (FR#12), specific
> > component link (FR#13), bidirection co-routed (FR#14), no reordering
> > (FR#15), bounded frequency of rebalance (FR#20).
>  
> Okay, I think this will/may help.  My comment goes back to the model I
> was asking about above.  And to which part of the puzzle the requirement
> applies.

In some of the above requirements client layer communicated to the
server layer, whatever the server layer is.  Means of communication
presumed to be RSVP-TE but we can't say that until the framework and
same capability needs to be available to management plane.

In some of the above requirements server layer communicates to the
client layer.  Means of communication is presumed to be IGP
extensions, again with same capability available to management plane.

There is no distinct Advanced Multipath layer in control plane or data
plane.  And if there was a distinct control plane layer it would be
defined in a framework, not a requirements document.

> >>>>> It would be trivial to make this FR#1 and renumber the rest.
> >>>>>
> >>>>  
> >>>> I don't think the FR helped clarify the above question.
> >>>
> >>> The choice of the word "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15 does not
> >>> imply usage by a specific layer.  That is a direct answer to your
> >>> question.
> >>>
> >>> In all of these specific cases, the the client layer is passing a
> >>> requirement to the server layer so in the IGP + RSVP-TE world that
> >>> would be a function of RSVP-TE.  In the absense of control plane, it
> >>> would have to be done through management plane interaction where the
> >>> client indicates requirements of an LSP and the server layer is free
> >>> to figure out how to meet those requirements.
> >>>
> >>> Do you want me to add the clarification on the use of the word
> >>> "indicate" or not?
> >>  
> >> I think you need to be clear that the requirement applies to all three
> >> layers.
> > 
> > There are no distinct three layers.  You are imagining a model that is
> > not used in this document so please don't impose model on our document.
> > 
>  
> Well your old definition of Client LSP said that it was a client of
> "multipath" and else where you say that "multipath" operates over a
> server layer.  As mentioned above, this sounds like three layers to me.
>  If this is not your intent, I think you need to make it clear (through
> revised text) what model you do intend.

This is the current text in -13:

   Client LSP
       A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
       In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
       has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
       representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
       component links of that multipath.

The text is trying to clarify what a "client LSP" is in the first
sentence and then trying to give two cases of what a client LSP is
not.  This clarification was specifically added *for you* in the last
iteration.

There was no intention to imply that Advanced Multipath is or is not
in of itself a type of layer.  If you are getting that notion from
this text, then we need to change it.

  OLD:

   Client LSP
       A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
       In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
       has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
       representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
       component links of that multipath.

  NEW:

   Client LSP

       A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a set of one
       or more lower layers.  In the context of this discussion, one
       type of client LSP is a LSP which has been set up over an AMG.

We could also add a clarification to the definitions section that
states:

   This document makes no statement on whether Advanced Multipath is
   itself a layer or whether an instance of AMG is itself a layer.
   This is to avoid engaging in long and pointless discussions about
   what consistitutes a proper layer.

I would *really* like to add the above statement.

> > In your sentence above I have no idea what "the requirement" refers to.
> > 
> > In summary:
> > 
> > We were discussing why the word "indicate" was used to avoid requiring
> > specific mechanisms for information passing and I asked if I should
> > add the following.
> > 
> >    FR#0  In requirements that follow in this document the word
> >       "indicate" is used where information may be provided by either
> >       the combination of link state IGP advertisement and MPLS LSP
> >       signaling or via management plane protocols.  In later documents
> >       providing framework and protocol definitions both signaling and
> >       management plane mechanisms MUST be defined.
> > 
> > Information is two way.  The requirements you cited were all worded in
> > the form "The solution SHALL provide a means to indicate that a client
> > LSP will ...".  So far I have offerred to reword this to the form "The
> > solution SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate a
> > requirement that a client LSP will ..." (ie: get minimum latency, get
> > bound latency, etc).
> > 
> > Is adding FR#0 OK?
> > 
> > Do you want this sort of rewording to make it more explicit that the
> > client layer is communication a requirement for a specific client LSP?
> > 
>  
> I think we need to come back to this once we resolve the "model" topic.
>  
> ...
>  
> Thanks,
> Lou

I hope it is resolved.

Curtis

From lberger@labn.net  Thu Jan 16 18:03:47 2014
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From: Lou Berger <lberger@labn.net>
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Curtis,
	I'm not sure if we're going around in circles or not, but in either
case case I think we're getting caught up in the weeds/details.

>From a high level perspective, my comments have been motivated by trying
to ensure the requirements are unambiguous -- as documented.  I think
the text changes that have been agreed to so far (notably the use of the
capitalized term and introduction of AMG) will help a lot. I think there
is still one more area that is unclear, but it's also possible that
we're arguing about text that you are planning to change.

Do you have a version that captures all the changes to date that you can
distribute (or submit, as you choose)?  Perhaps looking at this version
we'll find that the ambiguity is resolved or is sufficiently narrowed to
not be significant.  Either way, the discussion can then continue from
the most current text.

Thanks,
Lou

On 1/15/2014 7:00 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> In message <52D02F67.9070604@labn.net>
> Lou Berger writes:
>  
>> Curtis,
>>  
>> I think we have one disconnect (and corresponding related text) that we
>> need to resolve before we can be close the discussion. See below for
>> details..
>>  
>> On 1/8/2014 11:33 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
>>> Converging.  But maybe one more round trip needed.
>>>
>>> In message <52CD9D58.4010109@labn.net>
>>> Lou Berger writes:
>>>>
>> ...
>>  
>>>>>>>> 2. Editorial: server and client layer vs upper and lower layer.
>>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>> The document uses server and client layer networks and LSPs and,
>>>>>>>> sometimes interchangeably or redundantly, upper and lower layer networks
>>>>>>>> and LSPs.  I think this issue can be resolved by avoiding the term
>>>>>>>> client/server when referring to network layers and just using the
>>>>>>>> lower/upper terminology.  The one exception to this is in the definition
>>>>>>>> Client LSP which should simply be defined in the context of a multipath,
>>>>>>>> i.e.:
>>>>>>>> OLD
>>>>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>>>>>>>> NEW
>>>>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over Advanced Multipath.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> A client LSP can be set up over a server layer MPLS-TP LSP or any
>>>>>>> server layer MPLS LSP or over a link layer or over a pseudowire ... or
>>>>>>> over an advanced multipath.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> Would you accept s/server layer/lower layer/g?
>>>>>
>>>>> The definition of server layer is not the same as the definition of
>>>>> lower layer.  See below.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>> I think this also means that usage of the term "Client" is limited to
>>>>>>>> "Client LSP".
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I searched for all occurances of the word client.  All occurances are
>>>>> />> "client LSP" excexpt the phrase "client of a client LSP" and that is
>>>>>>> used only in the following paragraph.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>    The ingress and egress of a multipath may be midpoint LSRs with
>>>>>>>    respect to a given client LSP.  A midpoint LSR does not participate
>>>>>>>    in the signaling of any clients of the client LSP.  Therefore, in
>>>>>>>    general, multipath endpoints cannot determine requirements of clients
>>>>>>>    of a client LSP through participation in the signaling of the clients
>>>>>>>    of the client LSP.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> THe point is that "A midpoint LSR does not participate in the
>>>>>>> signaling of any clients of the client LSP" and that non-participation
>>>>>>> in client (or higher layer) signaling applies to any "client of a
>>>>>>> client LSP", not just other LSP running over it.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I then searched for all occurances of the words upper and lower and
>>>>>>> higher.  There are no occurances of "upper".
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> There were a few occurances of "lower latency" and "higher latency".
>>>>>>> Other than that, all occurances of lower and higher except one are in
>>>>>>> the follwoing text:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>  3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>    A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
>>>>>>>    example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
>>>>>>>    MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).  The lower layer network may change
>>>>>>>    the latency (and/or other performance parameters) seen by the client
>>>>>>>    layer.  Currently, there is no protocol for the lower layer network
>>>>>>>    to inform the higher layer network of a change in a performance
>>>>>>>    parameter.  Communication of the latency performance parameter is a
>>>>>>>    very important requirement.  Communication of other performance
>>>>>>>    parameters (e.g., delay variation) is desirable.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>    FR#8  The solution SHALL specify a protocol means to allow a lower
>>>>>>>        layer server network to communicate latency to the higher layer
>>>>>>>        client network.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The exception is this sentence:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>      FR#22 The solution SHOULD support the use case where an advanced
>>>>>>>        multipath itself is a component link for a higher order advanced
>>>>>>>        multipath.  For example, an advanced multipath comprised of MPLS-
>>>>>>>        TP bi-directional tunnels viewed as logical links could then be
>>>>>>>        used as a component link in yet another advanced multipath that
>>>>>>>        connects MPLS routers.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The terms lower layer and higher layer go all the way back to the ISO
>>>>>>> seven layer model of ancient times (1970s?, 1980s?) and maybe further
>>>>>>> back but that is before even my time.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
>>>>>>> definitions:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>    Higher Layers
>>>>>>>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
>>>>>>>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>    Lower Layers
>>>>>>>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
>>>>>>>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
>>>>>>> it is necessary, I will add it.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>> Perhaps we've talked (okay written) past each other.  I was suggesting
>>>>>> using/keeping the "higher and lower layer" terminology, not dropping it.
>>>>>> And to use it (consistently) in place of "client and server Layer".
>>>>>
>>>>> I guess you missed the distinction in the definition above:
>>>>>
>>>>>   For layer X layer Y is:
>>>>>
>>>>>     client layer   ===   Y = X+1
>>>>>     server layer   ===   Y = X-1
>>>>>     higher layer   ===   Y > X
>>>>>     lower layer    ===   Y < X
>>>>>
>>>>> So the definition client layer is not the same as the definition of
>>>>> higher layer.  The definition of server layer is not the same as the
>>>>> definition of lower layer.
>>>>>
>>>>> In some discussions we really do mean "the server layer" and not any
>>>>> layer at any arbitrary depth below this one.
>>>>  
>>>> I read your usage of client/server layer to be synonymous with
>>>> higher/lower layer, i.e. -+ 1.  Otherwise I'm not sure how to make sense
>>>> of FR#8 (I think you really mean client layer not lower layer.)
>>>
>>> FR#8 and FR#9 are about the server layer telling the client layer
>>> about the delays that can be expected.  There is a little redundancy
>>> here so s/ower layer server network/server network/ and
>>> s/higher layer client network/client network/.  No plans to skip
>>> layers.
>>>
>>  
>> I think we need to hit the points below before this one...
> 
> OK.
> 
>>>> Given the current document usage, I still think it makes sense to
>>>> eliminate the two instances of "client layer":  How about the following:
>>>> OLD
>>>>    Client LSP
>>>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>>>>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
>>>>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
>>>>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
>>>>        component links of that multipath.
>>>> NEW
>>>>    Client LSP
>>>>        A client LSP is a LSP which
>>>>        has been set up over Advanced Multipath as opposed to an LSP
>>>>        representing the Advanced Multipath itself or any LSP that is
>>>>        part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
>>>
>>> Nope.  In general, a client LSP can be set up over a plain old
>>> Ethernet on a given hop, therefore the second definition is too
>>> narrow with this change.
>>>
>>  
>> humm, you didn't have that in your OLD text.  In fact, the old text
>> reads to me that an Advanced Multipath (solution?) logically sits
>> between a client LSP and an underlying server layer in all cases.
> 
> The "OLD" was a quote from you and it was the original text in -13.  I
> said "Nope. ..." to your suggested change to it in this way.
> 
> Earlier
> (http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/rtgwg/current/msg04274.html) I
> had suggested the following change:
> 
>   I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
>   definitions:
> 
>    Higher Layers
>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
> 
>    Lower Layers
>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
> 
>   Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
>   it is necessary, I will add it.
> 
> You will find this in the quoted text above.
> 
> The definition of client LSP does not imply that Advanced Multipath is
> a layer.  This also used lower case "multipath" which we can replace
> with AMG.  There is no LAG layer in a network in with MPLS runs over
> Ethernet and some of the Ethernets use Link Aggregation.
> 
>> So the model I see defined by the text has the following layers
>>  
>>    Client LSP (layer)
>>    ----------
>>    Advanced Multipath (layer/solution/construct)
>>    ----------
>>    Server Layer (composed of AMGs which are LSPs and/or links)
>>  
>> Is this aligned with your intent?  If not, can you explain the
>> relationship you see for Advanced Multipath Client LSPs and Advanced
>> Multipath AMGs?
> 
> You imaginged this model and are trying to constrain the text to fit
> into it..
> 
> Consider these examples of client layer and server layer.
> 
>   plain old rfc-4206
> 
>     LSP-1 (PSC-0) = client of LSP-2
>     LSP-2 (PSC-1) = server of LSP-1
> 
>   LSP over Ethernet over PW over MPLS
> 
>     LSP-1 = client of Ethernet
>     Ethernet = server of LSP-1, client of PW
>     PW = server of Ethernet, client of LSP-2
>     LSP-2 = server of PW
> 
> There is then the question of whether Advanced Multipath is a layer or
> a set of techniques that can be applied at a given layer.  Example
> potential config language:
> 
>   mple {
>     tunnel x1 {
>       type multipath {
>         component tunnel x2;
> 	component tunnel x3;
> 	[...]
> 	component intf i1;
> 	component intf i2;
> 	[...]
>       }
>       [...]
>     }
>     [...]
>   }
> 
> No distinct layer above.
> 
> An alternate:
> 
>   mple {
>     tunnel x1 {
>       [...]
>     }
>     [...]
>   }
> 
>   interface amg1;
>       type multipath {
>         component tunnel x2;
> 	component tunnel x3;
> 	[...]
> 	component intf i1;
> 	component intf i2;
> 	[...]
>       }
>       [...]
>     }
>     [...]
>   }
> 
> In the former example, the tunnel x1 is forced to use a specific set
> of component links and apply multipath techniques to it.
> 
> In the latter example, if tunnel x1 happen to find that interface amg1
> was the lowest cost or otherwise preferred way to get to its
> destination it makes use of amg1 and if so inherits the use of the
> multipath techniques.
> 
> There is no distinct multipath encapsulation at the date layer so some
> might argue that even in the second case there is no distinct layer,
> just a configuration convenience.
> 
> Claiming that Advanced Multipath is of itself a layer may get us into
> a bigger can of worms.
> 
> For example in today's ECMP, the next hop consists of multiple
> interfaces.  ECMP is not considered a layer between IP and those
> interfaces.  Link bundle is also not considered a layer.
> 
> In the document we have not claimed that Advanced Multipath is a type
> of layer and we have not claimed that Advanced Multipath is not a type
> of layer.  Either way we would get someone arguing that the opposite
> was true.  [Some individuals it seems would pick the opposite of
> whatever we picked just because they like to argue about layering.]
> 
> Need I remind you of the painfully long and mostly pointless arguments
> in MPLS during the early MPLS-TP work about whether an MPLS LSP
> carried within another hierarchical MPLS LSP was a layer or a
> sub-layer.  We don't want to repeat that and the best way to do so is
> to not make any statement about whether Advanced Multipath is a layer
> or a sub-layer or a layering NOOP.
> 
> Which of the above is the "right" way to do things may be at most a
> framework issue but may not come up until management plane entities
> are defined.  It is certainly not a topic for a requirements document
> because it is deep into the "how it gets done".
> 
>>>> and
>>>> OLD
>>>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
>>>>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
>>>>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by sets
>>>>    of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP.
>>>> NEW
>>>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
>>>>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
>>>>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by
>>>>    LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
>>>
>>> What about PW?  Those are paths too by the definition of paths, so
>>> again, this change makes the definition too narrow.
>>>
>>  
>> PWs weren't mentioned in your OLD text, so I didn't add them.  I also
>> have no objections to adding them.
> 
> Actually the text you wrote is incorrect.  "The above requirement
> applies to component links" can include physical links and server
> layer LSP but adding that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group is
> incorrect.
> 
> I'm not sure but I think this instance of "server layer" was added to
> that LSP wording because you were confused on last review about client
> LSP vs LSP over which Advanced Multipath was applied so I went around
> changing everything to "client LSP" or "server layer LSP" to make it
> more clear to you.  You now seem to be stuck on the wording that is
> essentially saying "any type of component link" including "server
> layer LSP".
> 
>> The only change I made was
>> s/sets of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP./
>>  LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
> 
> And that change was wrong.  A more correct change would be
> 
> s/provided by server layer LSP/including paths provided by server
> layer LSP/
> 
> That would include any sort of path across the network.  PW could be
> considered an emulated physcial link or another usable type of path
> across the network.
> 
> The "above set of requirements" in this case have to do with passing
> down requirements for min latency, bounded latency, and bounded
> jitter.  The original paragraph is:
> 
>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with
>    different characteristics regardless as to whether those component
>    links are provided by parallel physical links between nodes or
>    provided by sets of paths across a network provided by server layer
>    LSP.
> 
> The intent is "The above set of requirements apply to component links"
> followed by "regardless of what type of component links they are"
> where we had disccssed two types being an interface or emulated
> interface (or virtual interface in some major vendor terms) or an LSP
> (which is also a virtual interface in some major vendor terms).
> 
> I don't understand how you can get so hung up on the wording of what
> is intended to convey "regardless of what type of component links they
> are".  This has always been clear to the WG.
> 
>>>>> The word "indicate" is independent of the method of getting the
>>>>> information there.  But yes in the example given the IGP advertisement
>>>>> and MPLS LSP signaling that might be one such mechanism does refer to
>>>>> the IGP and RSVP-TE MPLS/GMPLS that we all are familiar with.
>>>>>
>>>>> If client and server LSP are PSC-3 and PSC-4 in MPLS hierarchy there
>>>>> is only one IGP flooding information for both client and server layer,
>>>>> hence the seemingly endless (and mostly pointless) discussion of
>>>>> sub-layer vs layer from certain ITU people in the MPLS WG mailing list
>>>>> who viewed MPLS as broken for not enforcing a strict layering in this
>>>>> regard.  But we need not go into that level of detail in this example
>>>>> of how independent of mechanism the "indicate" is and down that years
>>>>> old MPLS WG terminology rat hole again.
>>>>>
>>>> My comment is that you need to be clear to which layer a requirement
>>>> applies.  Is it the server layer, the client layer  or the Advanced
>>>> Multipath layer?
>>>
>>> In each of the requirements you cited it is very clear that the client
>>> later is communicating a requirement to the server layer, but if you'd
>>> like I can reword to make that even more clear by rewording of the
>>> form "SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate the
>>> requirements of a client LSP [regarding X]", where X is minimize
>>> latency (FR#10), bound latency (FR#11), bound jitter (FR#12), specific
>>> component link (FR#13), bidirection co-routed (FR#14), no reordering
>>> (FR#15), bounded frequency of rebalance (FR#20).
>>  
>> Okay, I think this will/may help.  My comment goes back to the model I
>> was asking about above.  And to which part of the puzzle the requirement
>> applies.
> 
> In some of the above requirements client layer communicated to the
> server layer, whatever the server layer is.  Means of communication
> presumed to be RSVP-TE but we can't say that until the framework and
> same capability needs to be available to management plane.
> 
> In some of the above requirements server layer communicates to the
> client layer.  Means of communication is presumed to be IGP
> extensions, again with same capability available to management plane.
> 
> There is no distinct Advanced Multipath layer in control plane or data
> plane.  And if there was a distinct control plane layer it would be
> defined in a framework, not a requirements document.
> 
>>>>>>> It would be trivial to make this FR#1 and renumber the rest.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> I don't think the FR helped clarify the above question.
>>>>>
>>>>> The choice of the word "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15 does not
>>>>> imply usage by a specific layer.  That is a direct answer to your
>>>>> question.
>>>>>
>>>>> In all of these specific cases, the the client layer is passing a
>>>>> requirement to the server layer so in the IGP + RSVP-TE world that
>>>>> would be a function of RSVP-TE.  In the absense of control plane, it
>>>>> would have to be done through management plane interaction where the
>>>>> client indicates requirements of an LSP and the server layer is free
>>>>> to figure out how to meet those requirements.
>>>>>
>>>>> Do you want me to add the clarification on the use of the word
>>>>> "indicate" or not?
>>>>  
>>>> I think you need to be clear that the requirement applies to all three
>>>> layers.
>>>
>>> There are no distinct three layers.  You are imagining a model that is
>>> not used in this document so please don't impose model on our document.
>>>
>>  
>> Well your old definition of Client LSP said that it was a client of
>> "multipath" and else where you say that "multipath" operates over a
>> server layer.  As mentioned above, this sounds like three layers to me.
>>  If this is not your intent, I think you need to make it clear (through
>> revised text) what model you do intend.
> 
> This is the current text in -13:
> 
>    Client LSP
>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
>        component links of that multipath.
> 
> The text is trying to clarify what a "client LSP" is in the first
> sentence and then trying to give two cases of what a client LSP is
> not.  This clarification was specifically added *for you* in the last
> iteration.
> 
> There was no intention to imply that Advanced Multipath is or is not
> in of itself a type of layer.  If you are getting that notion from
> this text, then we need to change it.
> 
>   OLD:
> 
>    Client LSP
>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
>        component links of that multipath.
> 
>   NEW:
> 
>    Client LSP
> 
>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a set of one
>        or more lower layers.  In the context of this discussion, one
>        type of client LSP is a LSP which has been set up over an AMG.
> 
> We could also add a clarification to the definitions section that
> states:
> 
>    This document makes no statement on whether Advanced Multipath is
>    itself a layer or whether an instance of AMG is itself a layer.
>    This is to avoid engaging in long and pointless discussions about
>    what consistitutes a proper layer.
> 
> I would *really* like to add the above statement.
> 
>>> In your sentence above I have no idea what "the requirement" refers to.
>>>
>>> In summary:
>>>
>>> We were discussing why the word "indicate" was used to avoid requiring
>>> specific mechanisms for information passing and I asked if I should
>>> add the following.
>>>
>>>    FR#0  In requirements that follow in this document the word
>>>       "indicate" is used where information may be provided by either
>>>       the combination of link state IGP advertisement and MPLS LSP
>>>       signaling or via management plane protocols.  In later documents
>>>       providing framework and protocol definitions both signaling and
>>>       management plane mechanisms MUST be defined.
>>>
>>> Information is two way.  The requirements you cited were all worded in
>>> the form "The solution SHALL provide a means to indicate that a client
>>> LSP will ...".  So far I have offerred to reword this to the form "The
>>> solution SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate a
>>> requirement that a client LSP will ..." (ie: get minimum latency, get
>>> bound latency, etc).
>>>
>>> Is adding FR#0 OK?
>>>
>>> Do you want this sort of rewording to make it more explicit that the
>>> client layer is communication a requirement for a specific client LSP?
>>>
>>  
>> I think we need to come back to this once we resolve the "model" topic.
>>  
>> ...
>>  
>> Thanks,
>> Lou
> 
> I hope it is resolved.
> 
> Curtis
> 
> 
> 
> 

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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Routing Area Working Group Working Group =
of the IETF.

        Title           : Multicast only Fast Re-Route
        Authors         : Apoorva Karan
                          Clarence Filsfils
                          Dino Farinacci
                          IJsbrand Wijnands
                          Bruno Decraene
                          Uwe Joorde
                          Wim Henderickx
	Filename        : draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr-03.txt
	Pages           : 14
	Date            : 2014-01-17

Abstract:
   As IPTV deployments grow in number and size, service providers are
   looking for solutions that minimize the service disruption due to
   faults in the IP network carrying the packets for these services.
   This draft describes a mechanism for minimizing packet loss in a
   network when node or link failures occur.  Multicast only Fast Re-
   Route (MoFRR) works by making simple enhancements to multicast
   routing protocols such as PIM and mLDP.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr/

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr-03

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr-03


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


From curtis@ipv6.occnc.com  Fri Jan 17 09:41:25 2014
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To: Lou Berger <lberger@labn.net>
From: Curtis Villamizar <curtis@ipv6.occnc.com>
Subject: Re: (resend) Re: RtgDir review: draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-13
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In message <52D88F77.5020009@labn.net>
Lou Berger writes:
 
> Curtis,
> 	I'm not sure if we're going around in circles or not, but in either
> case case I think we're getting caught up in the weeds/details.
>  
> >From a high level perspective, my comments have been motivated by trying
> to ensure the requirements are unambiguous -- as documented.  I think
> the text changes that have been agreed to so far (notably the use of the
> capitalized term and introduction of AMG) will help a lot. I think there
> is still one more area that is unclear, but it's also possible that
> we're arguing about text that you are planning to change.
>  
> Do you have a version that captures all the changes to date that you can
> distribute (or submit, as you choose)?  Perhaps looking at this version
> we'll find that the ambiguity is resolved or is sufficiently narrowed to
> not be significant.  Either way, the discussion can then continue from
> the most current text.
>  
> Thanks,
> Lou


Lou,

I was going to suggest the same (if I understand your suggestion) -
that is that a new draft be submitted and you (and others) can review
and see if clarity has been sufficiently improved or if there are
still issues with clarity.

If that is OK with you and compatible with this process I will make
two draft submissions back to back.  One with just the OpsDir review
comments addressed and a second with your comments so far addressed.
IMHO it would be easier to discuss the clarity (or lack of) of the
wording once changes have been made particularly since there are a few
s/old/new/g terminology suggestions in the email thread.

Curtis


> On 1/15/2014 7:00 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> > In message <52D02F67.9070604@labn.net>
> > Lou Berger writes:
> >  
> >> Curtis,
> >>  
> >> I think we have one disconnect (and corresponding related text) that we
> >> need to resolve before we can be close the discussion. See below for
> >> details..
> >>  
> >> On 1/8/2014 11:33 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> >>> Converging.  But maybe one more round trip needed.
> >>>
> >>> In message <52CD9D58.4010109@labn.net>
> >>> Lou Berger writes:
> >>>>
> >> ...
> >>  
> >>>>>>>> 2. Editorial: server and client layer vs upper and lower layer.
> >>>>>>>>  
> >>>>>>>> The document uses server and client layer networks and LSPs and,
> >>>>>>>> sometimes interchangeably or redundantly, upper and lower layer networks
> >>>>>>>> and LSPs.  I think this issue can be resolved by avoiding the term
> >>>>>>>> client/server when referring to network layers and just using the
> >>>>>>>> lower/upper terminology.  The one exception to this is in the definition
> >>>>>>>> Client LSP which should simply be defined in the context of a multipath,
> >>>>>>>> i.e.:
> >>>>>>>> OLD
> >>>>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
> >>>>>>>> NEW
> >>>>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over Advanced Multipath.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> A client LSP can be set up over a server layer MPLS-TP LSP or any
> >>>>>>> server layer MPLS LSP or over a link layer or over a pseudowire ... or
> >>>>>>> over an advanced multipath.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>  
> >>>>>> Would you accept s/server layer/lower layer/g?
> >>>>>
> >>>>> The definition of server layer is not the same as the definition of
> >>>>> lower layer.  See below.
> >>>>>
> >>>>>>>> I think this also means that usage of the term "Client" is limited to
> >>>>>>>> "Client LSP".
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> I searched for all occurances of the word client.  All occurances are
> >>>>> />> "client LSP" excexpt the phrase "client of a client LSP" and that is
> >>>>>>> used only in the following paragraph.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>    The ingress and egress of a multipath may be midpoint LSRs with
> >>>>>>>    respect to a given client LSP.  A midpoint LSR does not participate
> >>>>>>>    in the signaling of any clients of the client LSP.  Therefore, in
> >>>>>>>    general, multipath endpoints cannot determine requirements of clients
> >>>>>>>    of a client LSP through participation in the signaling of the clients
> >>>>>>>    of the client LSP.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> THe point is that "A midpoint LSR does not participate in the
> >>>>>>> signaling of any clients of the client LSP" and that non-participation
> >>>>>>> in client (or higher layer) signaling applies to any "client of a
> >>>>>>> client LSP", not just other LSP running over it.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> I then searched for all occurances of the words upper and lower and
> >>>>>>> higher.  There are no occurances of "upper".
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> There were a few occurances of "lower latency" and "higher latency".
> >>>>>>> Other than that, all occurances of lower and higher except one are in
> >>>>>>> the follwoing text:
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>  3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>    A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
> >>>>>>>    example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
> >>>>>>>    MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).  The lower layer network may change
> >>>>>>>    the latency (and/or other performance parameters) seen by the client
> >>>>>>>    layer.  Currently, there is no protocol for the lower layer network
> >>>>>>>    to inform the higher layer network of a change in a performance
> >>>>>>>    parameter.  Communication of the latency performance parameter is a
> >>>>>>>    very important requirement.  Communication of other performance
> >>>>>>>    parameters (e.g., delay variation) is desirable.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>    FR#8  The solution SHALL specify a protocol means to allow a lower
> >>>>>>>        layer server network to communicate latency to the higher layer
> >>>>>>>        client network.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> The exception is this sentence:
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>      FR#22 The solution SHOULD support the use case where an advanced
> >>>>>>>        multipath itself is a component link for a higher order advanced
> >>>>>>>        multipath.  For example, an advanced multipath comprised of MPLS-
> >>>>>>>        TP bi-directional tunnels viewed as logical links could then be
> >>>>>>>        used as a component link in yet another advanced multipath that
> >>>>>>>        connects MPLS routers.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> The terms lower layer and higher layer go all the way back to the ISO
> >>>>>>> seven layer model of ancient times (1970s?, 1980s?) and maybe further
> >>>>>>> back but that is before even my time.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
> >>>>>>> definitions:
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>    Higher Layers
> >>>>>>>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
> >>>>>>>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>    Lower Layers
> >>>>>>>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
> >>>>>>>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
> >>>>>>> it is necessary, I will add it.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>> Perhaps we've talked (okay written) past each other.  I was suggesting
> >>>>>> using/keeping the "higher and lower layer" terminology, not dropping it.
> >>>>>> And to use it (consistently) in place of "client and server Layer".
> >>>>>
> >>>>> I guess you missed the distinction in the definition above:
> >>>>>
> >>>>>   For layer X layer Y is:
> >>>>>
> >>>>>     client layer   ===   Y = X+1
> >>>>>     server layer   ===   Y = X-1
> >>>>>     higher layer   ===   Y > X
> >>>>>     lower layer    ===   Y < X
> >>>>>
> >>>>> So the definition client layer is not the same as the definition of
> >>>>> higher layer.  The definition of server layer is not the same as the
> >>>>> definition of lower layer.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> In some discussions we really do mean "the server layer" and not any
> >>>>> layer at any arbitrary depth below this one.
> >>>>  
> >>>> I read your usage of client/server layer to be synonymous with
> >>>> higher/lower layer, i.e. -+ 1.  Otherwise I'm not sure how to make sense
> >>>> of FR#8 (I think you really mean client layer not lower layer.)
> >>>
> >>> FR#8 and FR#9 are about the server layer telling the client layer
> >>> about the delays that can be expected.  There is a little redundancy
> >>> here so s/ower layer server network/server network/ and
> >>> s/higher layer client network/client network/.  No plans to skip
> >>> layers.
> >>>
> >>  
> >> I think we need to hit the points below before this one...
> > 
> > OK.
> > 
> >>>> Given the current document usage, I still think it makes sense to
> >>>> eliminate the two instances of "client layer":  How about the following:
> >>>> OLD
> >>>>    Client LSP
> >>>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
> >>>>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
> >>>>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
> >>>>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
> >>>>        component links of that multipath.
> >>>> NEW
> >>>>    Client LSP
> >>>>        A client LSP is a LSP which
> >>>>        has been set up over Advanced Multipath as opposed to an LSP
> >>>>        representing the Advanced Multipath itself or any LSP that is
> >>>>        part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
> >>>
> >>> Nope.  In general, a client LSP can be set up over a plain old
> >>> Ethernet on a given hop, therefore the second definition is too
> >>> narrow with this change.
> >>>
> >>  
> >> humm, you didn't have that in your OLD text.  In fact, the old text
> >> reads to me that an Advanced Multipath (solution?) logically sits
> >> between a client LSP and an underlying server layer in all cases.
> > 
> > The "OLD" was a quote from you and it was the original text in -13.  I
> > said "Nope. ..." to your suggested change to it in this way.
> > 
> > Earlier
> > (http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/rtgwg/current/msg04274.html) I
> > had suggested the following change:
> > 
> >   I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
> >   definitions:
> > 
> >    Higher Layers
> >       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
> >       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
> > 
> >    Lower Layers
> >       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
> >       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
> > 
> >   Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
> >   it is necessary, I will add it.
> > 
> > You will find this in the quoted text above.
> > 
> > The definition of client LSP does not imply that Advanced Multipath is
> > a layer.  This also used lower case "multipath" which we can replace
> > with AMG.  There is no LAG layer in a network in with MPLS runs over
> > Ethernet and some of the Ethernets use Link Aggregation.
> > 
> >> So the model I see defined by the text has the following layers
> >>  
> >>    Client LSP (layer)
> >>    ----------
> >>    Advanced Multipath (layer/solution/construct)
> >>    ----------
> >>    Server Layer (composed of AMGs which are LSPs and/or links)
> >>  
> >> Is this aligned with your intent?  If not, can you explain the
> >> relationship you see for Advanced Multipath Client LSPs and Advanced
> >> Multipath AMGs?
> > 
> > You imaginged this model and are trying to constrain the text to fit
> > into it..
> > 
> > Consider these examples of client layer and server layer.
> > 
> >   plain old rfc-4206
> > 
> >     LSP-1 (PSC-0) = client of LSP-2
> >     LSP-2 (PSC-1) = server of LSP-1
> > 
> >   LSP over Ethernet over PW over MPLS
> > 
> >     LSP-1 = client of Ethernet
> >     Ethernet = server of LSP-1, client of PW
> >     PW = server of Ethernet, client of LSP-2
> >     LSP-2 = server of PW
> > 
> > There is then the question of whether Advanced Multipath is a layer or
> > a set of techniques that can be applied at a given layer.  Example
> > potential config language:
> > 
> >   mple {
> >     tunnel x1 {
> >       type multipath {
> >         component tunnel x2;
> > 	component tunnel x3;
> > 	[...]
> > 	component intf i1;
> > 	component intf i2;
> > 	[...]
> >       }
> >       [...]
> >     }
> >     [...]
> >   }
> > 
> > No distinct layer above.
> > 
> > An alternate:
> > 
> >   mple {
> >     tunnel x1 {
> >       [...]
> >     }
> >     [...]
> >   }
> > 
> >   interface amg1;
> >       type multipath {
> >         component tunnel x2;
> > 	component tunnel x3;
> > 	[...]
> > 	component intf i1;
> > 	component intf i2;
> > 	[...]
> >       }
> >       [...]
> >     }
> >     [...]
> >   }
> > 
> > In the former example, the tunnel x1 is forced to use a specific set
> > of component links and apply multipath techniques to it.
> > 
> > In the latter example, if tunnel x1 happen to find that interface amg1
> > was the lowest cost or otherwise preferred way to get to its
> > destination it makes use of amg1 and if so inherits the use of the
> > multipath techniques.
> > 
> > There is no distinct multipath encapsulation at the date layer so some
> > might argue that even in the second case there is no distinct layer,
> > just a configuration convenience.
> > 
> > Claiming that Advanced Multipath is of itself a layer may get us into
> > a bigger can of worms.
> > 
> > For example in today's ECMP, the next hop consists of multiple
> > interfaces.  ECMP is not considered a layer between IP and those
> > interfaces.  Link bundle is also not considered a layer.
> > 
> > In the document we have not claimed that Advanced Multipath is a type
> > of layer and we have not claimed that Advanced Multipath is not a type
> > of layer.  Either way we would get someone arguing that the opposite
> > was true.  [Some individuals it seems would pick the opposite of
> > whatever we picked just because they like to argue about layering.]
> > 
> > Need I remind you of the painfully long and mostly pointless arguments
> > in MPLS during the early MPLS-TP work about whether an MPLS LSP
> > carried within another hierarchical MPLS LSP was a layer or a
> > sub-layer.  We don't want to repeat that and the best way to do so is
> > to not make any statement about whether Advanced Multipath is a layer
> > or a sub-layer or a layering NOOP.
> > 
> > Which of the above is the "right" way to do things may be at most a
> > framework issue but may not come up until management plane entities
> > are defined.  It is certainly not a topic for a requirements document
> > because it is deep into the "how it gets done".
> > 
> >>>> and
> >>>> OLD
> >>>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
> >>>>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
> >>>>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by sets
> >>>>    of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP.
> >>>> NEW
> >>>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
> >>>>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
> >>>>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by
> >>>>    LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
> >>>
> >>> What about PW?  Those are paths too by the definition of paths, so
> >>> again, this change makes the definition too narrow.
> >>>
> >>  
> >> PWs weren't mentioned in your OLD text, so I didn't add them.  I also
> >> have no objections to adding them.
> > 
> > Actually the text you wrote is incorrect.  "The above requirement
> > applies to component links" can include physical links and server
> > layer LSP but adding that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group is
> > incorrect.
> > 
> > I'm not sure but I think this instance of "server layer" was added to
> > that LSP wording because you were confused on last review about client
> > LSP vs LSP over which Advanced Multipath was applied so I went around
> > changing everything to "client LSP" or "server layer LSP" to make it
> > more clear to you.  You now seem to be stuck on the wording that is
> > essentially saying "any type of component link" including "server
> > layer LSP".
> > 
> >> The only change I made was
> >> s/sets of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP./
> >>  LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
> > 
> > And that change was wrong.  A more correct change would be
> > 
> > s/provided by server layer LSP/including paths provided by server
> > layer LSP/
> > 
> > That would include any sort of path across the network.  PW could be
> > considered an emulated physcial link or another usable type of path
> > across the network.
> > 
> > The "above set of requirements" in this case have to do with passing
> > down requirements for min latency, bounded latency, and bounded
> > jitter.  The original paragraph is:
> > 
> >    The above set of requirements apply to component links with
> >    different characteristics regardless as to whether those component
> >    links are provided by parallel physical links between nodes or
> >    provided by sets of paths across a network provided by server layer
> >    LSP.
> > 
> > The intent is "The above set of requirements apply to component links"
> > followed by "regardless of what type of component links they are"
> > where we had disccssed two types being an interface or emulated
> > interface (or virtual interface in some major vendor terms) or an LSP
> > (which is also a virtual interface in some major vendor terms).
> > 
> > I don't understand how you can get so hung up on the wording of what
> > is intended to convey "regardless of what type of component links they
> > are".  This has always been clear to the WG.
> > 
> >>>>> The word "indicate" is independent of the method of getting the
> >>>>> information there.  But yes in the example given the IGP advertisement
> >>>>> and MPLS LSP signaling that might be one such mechanism does refer to
> >>>>> the IGP and RSVP-TE MPLS/GMPLS that we all are familiar with.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> If client and server LSP are PSC-3 and PSC-4 in MPLS hierarchy there
> >>>>> is only one IGP flooding information for both client and server layer,
> >>>>> hence the seemingly endless (and mostly pointless) discussion of
> >>>>> sub-layer vs layer from certain ITU people in the MPLS WG mailing list
> >>>>> who viewed MPLS as broken for not enforcing a strict layering in this
> >>>>> regard.  But we need not go into that level of detail in this example
> >>>>> of how independent of mechanism the "indicate" is and down that years
> >>>>> old MPLS WG terminology rat hole again.
> >>>>>
> >>>> My comment is that you need to be clear to which layer a requirement
> >>>> applies.  Is it the server layer, the client layer  or the Advanced
> >>>> Multipath layer?
> >>>
> >>> In each of the requirements you cited it is very clear that the client
> >>> later is communicating a requirement to the server layer, but if you'd
> >>> like I can reword to make that even more clear by rewording of the
> >>> form "SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate the
> >>> requirements of a client LSP [regarding X]", where X is minimize
> >>> latency (FR#10), bound latency (FR#11), bound jitter (FR#12), specific
> >>> component link (FR#13), bidirection co-routed (FR#14), no reordering
> >>> (FR#15), bounded frequency of rebalance (FR#20).
> >>  
> >> Okay, I think this will/may help.  My comment goes back to the model I
> >> was asking about above.  And to which part of the puzzle the requirement
> >> applies.
> > 
> > In some of the above requirements client layer communicated to the
> > server layer, whatever the server layer is.  Means of communication
> > presumed to be RSVP-TE but we can't say that until the framework and
> > same capability needs to be available to management plane.
> > 
> > In some of the above requirements server layer communicates to the
> > client layer.  Means of communication is presumed to be IGP
> > extensions, again with same capability available to management plane.
> > 
> > There is no distinct Advanced Multipath layer in control plane or data
> > plane.  And if there was a distinct control plane layer it would be
> > defined in a framework, not a requirements document.
> > 
> >>>>>>> It would be trivial to make this FR#1 and renumber the rest.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>  
> >>>>>> I don't think the FR helped clarify the above question.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> The choice of the word "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15 does not
> >>>>> imply usage by a specific layer.  That is a direct answer to your
> >>>>> question.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> In all of these specific cases, the the client layer is passing a
> >>>>> requirement to the server layer so in the IGP + RSVP-TE world that
> >>>>> would be a function of RSVP-TE.  In the absense of control plane, it
> >>>>> would have to be done through management plane interaction where the
> >>>>> client indicates requirements of an LSP and the server layer is free
> >>>>> to figure out how to meet those requirements.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Do you want me to add the clarification on the use of the word
> >>>>> "indicate" or not?
> >>>>  
> >>>> I think you need to be clear that the requirement applies to all three
> >>>> layers.
> >>>
> >>> There are no distinct three layers.  You are imagining a model that is
> >>> not used in this document so please don't impose model on our document.
> >>>
> >>  
> >> Well your old definition of Client LSP said that it was a client of
> >> "multipath" and else where you say that "multipath" operates over a
> >> server layer.  As mentioned above, this sounds like three layers to me.
> >>  If this is not your intent, I think you need to make it clear (through
> >> revised text) what model you do intend.
> > 
> > This is the current text in -13:
> > 
> >    Client LSP
> >        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
> >        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
> >        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
> >        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
> >        component links of that multipath.
> > 
> > The text is trying to clarify what a "client LSP" is in the first
> > sentence and then trying to give two cases of what a client LSP is
> > not.  This clarification was specifically added *for you* in the last
> > iteration.
> > 
> > There was no intention to imply that Advanced Multipath is or is not
> > in of itself a type of layer.  If you are getting that notion from
> > this text, then we need to change it.
> > 
> >   OLD:
> > 
> >    Client LSP
> >        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
> >        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
> >        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
> >        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
> >        component links of that multipath.
> > 
> >   NEW:
> > 
> >    Client LSP
> > 
> >        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a set of one
> >        or more lower layers.  In the context of this discussion, one
> >        type of client LSP is a LSP which has been set up over an AMG.
> > 
> > We could also add a clarification to the definitions section that
> > states:
> > 
> >    This document makes no statement on whether Advanced Multipath is
> >    itself a layer or whether an instance of AMG is itself a layer.
> >    This is to avoid engaging in long and pointless discussions about
> >    what consistitutes a proper layer.
> > 
> > I would *really* like to add the above statement.
> > 
> >>> In your sentence above I have no idea what "the requirement" refers to.
> >>>
> >>> In summary:
> >>>
> >>> We were discussing why the word "indicate" was used to avoid requiring
> >>> specific mechanisms for information passing and I asked if I should
> >>> add the following.
> >>>
> >>>    FR#0  In requirements that follow in this document the word
> >>>       "indicate" is used where information may be provided by either
> >>>       the combination of link state IGP advertisement and MPLS LSP
> >>>       signaling or via management plane protocols.  In later documents
> >>>       providing framework and protocol definitions both signaling and
> >>>       management plane mechanisms MUST be defined.
> >>>
> >>> Information is two way.  The requirements you cited were all worded in
> >>> the form "The solution SHALL provide a means to indicate that a client
> >>> LSP will ...".  So far I have offerred to reword this to the form "The
> >>> solution SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate a
> >>> requirement that a client LSP will ..." (ie: get minimum latency, get
> >>> bound latency, etc).
> >>>
> >>> Is adding FR#0 OK?
> >>>
> >>> Do you want this sort of rewording to make it more explicit that the
> >>> client layer is communication a requirement for a specific client LSP?
> >>>
> >>  
> >> I think we need to come back to this once we resolve the "model" topic.
> >>  
> >> ...
> >>  
> >> Thanks,
> >> Lou
> > 
> > I hope it is resolved.
> > 
> > Curtis

From lberger@labn.net  Fri Jan 17 10:01:52 2014
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sounds like a plan!

Lou

On 01/17/2014 12:41 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> In message <52D88F77.5020009@labn.net>
> Lou Berger writes:
>  
>> Curtis,
>> 	I'm not sure if we're going around in circles or not, but in either
>> case case I think we're getting caught up in the weeds/details.
>>  
>> >From a high level perspective, my comments have been motivated by trying
>> to ensure the requirements are unambiguous -- as documented.  I think
>> the text changes that have been agreed to so far (notably the use of the
>> capitalized term and introduction of AMG) will help a lot. I think there
>> is still one more area that is unclear, but it's also possible that
>> we're arguing about text that you are planning to change.
>>  
>> Do you have a version that captures all the changes to date that you can
>> distribute (or submit, as you choose)?  Perhaps looking at this version
>> we'll find that the ambiguity is resolved or is sufficiently narrowed to
>> not be significant.  Either way, the discussion can then continue from
>> the most current text.
>>  
>> Thanks,
>> Lou
> 
> 
> Lou,
> 
> I was going to suggest the same (if I understand your suggestion) -
> that is that a new draft be submitted and you (and others) can review
> and see if clarity has been sufficiently improved or if there are
> still issues with clarity.
> 
> If that is OK with you and compatible with this process I will make
> two draft submissions back to back.  One with just the OpsDir review
> comments addressed and a second with your comments so far addressed.
> IMHO it would be easier to discuss the clarity (or lack of) of the
> wording once changes have been made particularly since there are a few
> s/old/new/g terminology suggestions in the email thread.
> 
> Curtis
> 
> 
>> On 1/15/2014 7:00 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
>>> In message <52D02F67.9070604@labn.net>
>>> Lou Berger writes:
>>>  
>>>> Curtis,
>>>>  
>>>> I think we have one disconnect (and corresponding related text) that we
>>>> need to resolve before we can be close the discussion. See below for
>>>> details..
>>>>  
>>>> On 1/8/2014 11:33 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
>>>>> Converging.  But maybe one more round trip needed.
>>>>>
>>>>> In message <52CD9D58.4010109@labn.net>
>>>>> Lou Berger writes:
>>>>>>
>>>> ...
>>>>  
>>>>>>>>>> 2. Editorial: server and client layer vs upper and lower layer.
>>>>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>>>> The document uses server and client layer networks and LSPs and,
>>>>>>>>>> sometimes interchangeably or redundantly, upper and lower layer networks
>>>>>>>>>> and LSPs.  I think this issue can be resolved by avoiding the term
>>>>>>>>>> client/server when referring to network layers and just using the
>>>>>>>>>> lower/upper terminology.  The one exception to this is in the definition
>>>>>>>>>> Client LSP which should simply be defined in the context of a multipath,
>>>>>>>>>> i.e.:
>>>>>>>>>> OLD
>>>>>>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>>>>>>>>>> NEW
>>>>>>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over Advanced Multipath.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> A client LSP can be set up over a server layer MPLS-TP LSP or any
>>>>>>>>> server layer MPLS LSP or over a link layer or over a pseudowire ... or
>>>>>>>>> over an advanced multipath.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>> Would you accept s/server layer/lower layer/g?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The definition of server layer is not the same as the definition of
>>>>>>> lower layer.  See below.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> I think this also means that usage of the term "Client" is limited to
>>>>>>>>>> "Client LSP".
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I searched for all occurances of the word client.  All occurances are
>>>>>>> />> "client LSP" excexpt the phrase "client of a client LSP" and that is
>>>>>>>>> used only in the following paragraph.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>    The ingress and egress of a multipath may be midpoint LSRs with
>>>>>>>>>    respect to a given client LSP.  A midpoint LSR does not participate
>>>>>>>>>    in the signaling of any clients of the client LSP.  Therefore, in
>>>>>>>>>    general, multipath endpoints cannot determine requirements of clients
>>>>>>>>>    of a client LSP through participation in the signaling of the clients
>>>>>>>>>    of the client LSP.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> THe point is that "A midpoint LSR does not participate in the
>>>>>>>>> signaling of any clients of the client LSP" and that non-participation
>>>>>>>>> in client (or higher layer) signaling applies to any "client of a
>>>>>>>>> client LSP", not just other LSP running over it.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I then searched for all occurances of the words upper and lower and
>>>>>>>>> higher.  There are no occurances of "upper".
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> There were a few occurances of "lower latency" and "higher latency".
>>>>>>>>> Other than that, all occurances of lower and higher except one are in
>>>>>>>>> the follwoing text:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>  3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>    A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
>>>>>>>>>    example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
>>>>>>>>>    MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).  The lower layer network may change
>>>>>>>>>    the latency (and/or other performance parameters) seen by the client
>>>>>>>>>    layer.  Currently, there is no protocol for the lower layer network
>>>>>>>>>    to inform the higher layer network of a change in a performance
>>>>>>>>>    parameter.  Communication of the latency performance parameter is a
>>>>>>>>>    very important requirement.  Communication of other performance
>>>>>>>>>    parameters (e.g., delay variation) is desirable.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>    FR#8  The solution SHALL specify a protocol means to allow a lower
>>>>>>>>>        layer server network to communicate latency to the higher layer
>>>>>>>>>        client network.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The exception is this sentence:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>      FR#22 The solution SHOULD support the use case where an advanced
>>>>>>>>>        multipath itself is a component link for a higher order advanced
>>>>>>>>>        multipath.  For example, an advanced multipath comprised of MPLS-
>>>>>>>>>        TP bi-directional tunnels viewed as logical links could then be
>>>>>>>>>        used as a component link in yet another advanced multipath that
>>>>>>>>>        connects MPLS routers.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The terms lower layer and higher layer go all the way back to the ISO
>>>>>>>>> seven layer model of ancient times (1970s?, 1980s?) and maybe further
>>>>>>>>> back but that is before even my time.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
>>>>>>>>> definitions:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>    Higher Layers
>>>>>>>>>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
>>>>>>>>>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>    Lower Layers
>>>>>>>>>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
>>>>>>>>>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
>>>>>>>>> it is necessary, I will add it.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Perhaps we've talked (okay written) past each other.  I was suggesting
>>>>>>>> using/keeping the "higher and lower layer" terminology, not dropping it.
>>>>>>>> And to use it (consistently) in place of "client and server Layer".
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I guess you missed the distinction in the definition above:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>   For layer X layer Y is:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>     client layer   ===   Y = X+1
>>>>>>>     server layer   ===   Y = X-1
>>>>>>>     higher layer   ===   Y > X
>>>>>>>     lower layer    ===   Y < X
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> So the definition client layer is not the same as the definition of
>>>>>>> higher layer.  The definition of server layer is not the same as the
>>>>>>> definition of lower layer.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> In some discussions we really do mean "the server layer" and not any
>>>>>>> layer at any arbitrary depth below this one.
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> I read your usage of client/server layer to be synonymous with
>>>>>> higher/lower layer, i.e. -+ 1.  Otherwise I'm not sure how to make sense
>>>>>> of FR#8 (I think you really mean client layer not lower layer.)
>>>>>
>>>>> FR#8 and FR#9 are about the server layer telling the client layer
>>>>> about the delays that can be expected.  There is a little redundancy
>>>>> here so s/ower layer server network/server network/ and
>>>>> s/higher layer client network/client network/.  No plans to skip
>>>>> layers.
>>>>>
>>>>  
>>>> I think we need to hit the points below before this one...
>>>
>>> OK.
>>>
>>>>>> Given the current document usage, I still think it makes sense to
>>>>>> eliminate the two instances of "client layer":  How about the following:
>>>>>> OLD
>>>>>>    Client LSP
>>>>>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>>>>>>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
>>>>>>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
>>>>>>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
>>>>>>        component links of that multipath.
>>>>>> NEW
>>>>>>    Client LSP
>>>>>>        A client LSP is a LSP which
>>>>>>        has been set up over Advanced Multipath as opposed to an LSP
>>>>>>        representing the Advanced Multipath itself or any LSP that is
>>>>>>        part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
>>>>>
>>>>> Nope.  In general, a client LSP can be set up over a plain old
>>>>> Ethernet on a given hop, therefore the second definition is too
>>>>> narrow with this change.
>>>>>
>>>>  
>>>> humm, you didn't have that in your OLD text.  In fact, the old text
>>>> reads to me that an Advanced Multipath (solution?) logically sits
>>>> between a client LSP and an underlying server layer in all cases.
>>>
>>> The "OLD" was a quote from you and it was the original text in -13.  I
>>> said "Nope. ..." to your suggested change to it in this way.
>>>
>>> Earlier
>>> (http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/rtgwg/current/msg04274.html) I
>>> had suggested the following change:
>>>
>>>   I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
>>>   definitions:
>>>
>>>    Higher Layers
>>>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
>>>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
>>>
>>>    Lower Layers
>>>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
>>>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
>>>
>>>   Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
>>>   it is necessary, I will add it.
>>>
>>> You will find this in the quoted text above.
>>>
>>> The definition of client LSP does not imply that Advanced Multipath is
>>> a layer.  This also used lower case "multipath" which we can replace
>>> with AMG.  There is no LAG layer in a network in with MPLS runs over
>>> Ethernet and some of the Ethernets use Link Aggregation.
>>>
>>>> So the model I see defined by the text has the following layers
>>>>  
>>>>    Client LSP (layer)
>>>>    ----------
>>>>    Advanced Multipath (layer/solution/construct)
>>>>    ----------
>>>>    Server Layer (composed of AMGs which are LSPs and/or links)
>>>>  
>>>> Is this aligned with your intent?  If not, can you explain the
>>>> relationship you see for Advanced Multipath Client LSPs and Advanced
>>>> Multipath AMGs?
>>>
>>> You imaginged this model and are trying to constrain the text to fit
>>> into it..
>>>
>>> Consider these examples of client layer and server layer.
>>>
>>>   plain old rfc-4206
>>>
>>>     LSP-1 (PSC-0) = client of LSP-2
>>>     LSP-2 (PSC-1) = server of LSP-1
>>>
>>>   LSP over Ethernet over PW over MPLS
>>>
>>>     LSP-1 = client of Ethernet
>>>     Ethernet = server of LSP-1, client of PW
>>>     PW = server of Ethernet, client of LSP-2
>>>     LSP-2 = server of PW
>>>
>>> There is then the question of whether Advanced Multipath is a layer or
>>> a set of techniques that can be applied at a given layer.  Example
>>> potential config language:
>>>
>>>   mple {
>>>     tunnel x1 {
>>>       type multipath {
>>>         component tunnel x2;
>>> 	component tunnel x3;
>>> 	[...]
>>> 	component intf i1;
>>> 	component intf i2;
>>> 	[...]
>>>       }
>>>       [...]
>>>     }
>>>     [...]
>>>   }
>>>
>>> No distinct layer above.
>>>
>>> An alternate:
>>>
>>>   mple {
>>>     tunnel x1 {
>>>       [...]
>>>     }
>>>     [...]
>>>   }
>>>
>>>   interface amg1;
>>>       type multipath {
>>>         component tunnel x2;
>>> 	component tunnel x3;
>>> 	[...]
>>> 	component intf i1;
>>> 	component intf i2;
>>> 	[...]
>>>       }
>>>       [...]
>>>     }
>>>     [...]
>>>   }
>>>
>>> In the former example, the tunnel x1 is forced to use a specific set
>>> of component links and apply multipath techniques to it.
>>>
>>> In the latter example, if tunnel x1 happen to find that interface amg1
>>> was the lowest cost or otherwise preferred way to get to its
>>> destination it makes use of amg1 and if so inherits the use of the
>>> multipath techniques.
>>>
>>> There is no distinct multipath encapsulation at the date layer so some
>>> might argue that even in the second case there is no distinct layer,
>>> just a configuration convenience.
>>>
>>> Claiming that Advanced Multipath is of itself a layer may get us into
>>> a bigger can of worms.
>>>
>>> For example in today's ECMP, the next hop consists of multiple
>>> interfaces.  ECMP is not considered a layer between IP and those
>>> interfaces.  Link bundle is also not considered a layer.
>>>
>>> In the document we have not claimed that Advanced Multipath is a type
>>> of layer and we have not claimed that Advanced Multipath is not a type
>>> of layer.  Either way we would get someone arguing that the opposite
>>> was true.  [Some individuals it seems would pick the opposite of
>>> whatever we picked just because they like to argue about layering.]
>>>
>>> Need I remind you of the painfully long and mostly pointless arguments
>>> in MPLS during the early MPLS-TP work about whether an MPLS LSP
>>> carried within another hierarchical MPLS LSP was a layer or a
>>> sub-layer.  We don't want to repeat that and the best way to do so is
>>> to not make any statement about whether Advanced Multipath is a layer
>>> or a sub-layer or a layering NOOP.
>>>
>>> Which of the above is the "right" way to do things may be at most a
>>> framework issue but may not come up until management plane entities
>>> are defined.  It is certainly not a topic for a requirements document
>>> because it is deep into the "how it gets done".
>>>
>>>>>> and
>>>>>> OLD
>>>>>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
>>>>>>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
>>>>>>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by sets
>>>>>>    of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP.
>>>>>> NEW
>>>>>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
>>>>>>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
>>>>>>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by
>>>>>>    LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
>>>>>
>>>>> What about PW?  Those are paths too by the definition of paths, so
>>>>> again, this change makes the definition too narrow.
>>>>>
>>>>  
>>>> PWs weren't mentioned in your OLD text, so I didn't add them.  I also
>>>> have no objections to adding them.
>>>
>>> Actually the text you wrote is incorrect.  "The above requirement
>>> applies to component links" can include physical links and server
>>> layer LSP but adding that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group is
>>> incorrect.
>>>
>>> I'm not sure but I think this instance of "server layer" was added to
>>> that LSP wording because you were confused on last review about client
>>> LSP vs LSP over which Advanced Multipath was applied so I went around
>>> changing everything to "client LSP" or "server layer LSP" to make it
>>> more clear to you.  You now seem to be stuck on the wording that is
>>> essentially saying "any type of component link" including "server
>>> layer LSP".
>>>
>>>> The only change I made was
>>>> s/sets of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP./
>>>>  LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
>>>
>>> And that change was wrong.  A more correct change would be
>>>
>>> s/provided by server layer LSP/including paths provided by server
>>> layer LSP/
>>>
>>> That would include any sort of path across the network.  PW could be
>>> considered an emulated physcial link or another usable type of path
>>> across the network.
>>>
>>> The "above set of requirements" in this case have to do with passing
>>> down requirements for min latency, bounded latency, and bounded
>>> jitter.  The original paragraph is:
>>>
>>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with
>>>    different characteristics regardless as to whether those component
>>>    links are provided by parallel physical links between nodes or
>>>    provided by sets of paths across a network provided by server layer
>>>    LSP.
>>>
>>> The intent is "The above set of requirements apply to component links"
>>> followed by "regardless of what type of component links they are"
>>> where we had disccssed two types being an interface or emulated
>>> interface (or virtual interface in some major vendor terms) or an LSP
>>> (which is also a virtual interface in some major vendor terms).
>>>
>>> I don't understand how you can get so hung up on the wording of what
>>> is intended to convey "regardless of what type of component links they
>>> are".  This has always been clear to the WG.
>>>
>>>>>>> The word "indicate" is independent of the method of getting the
>>>>>>> information there.  But yes in the example given the IGP advertisement
>>>>>>> and MPLS LSP signaling that might be one such mechanism does refer to
>>>>>>> the IGP and RSVP-TE MPLS/GMPLS that we all are familiar with.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> If client and server LSP are PSC-3 and PSC-4 in MPLS hierarchy there
>>>>>>> is only one IGP flooding information for both client and server layer,
>>>>>>> hence the seemingly endless (and mostly pointless) discussion of
>>>>>>> sub-layer vs layer from certain ITU people in the MPLS WG mailing list
>>>>>>> who viewed MPLS as broken for not enforcing a strict layering in this
>>>>>>> regard.  But we need not go into that level of detail in this example
>>>>>>> of how independent of mechanism the "indicate" is and down that years
>>>>>>> old MPLS WG terminology rat hole again.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>> My comment is that you need to be clear to which layer a requirement
>>>>>> applies.  Is it the server layer, the client layer  or the Advanced
>>>>>> Multipath layer?
>>>>>
>>>>> In each of the requirements you cited it is very clear that the client
>>>>> later is communicating a requirement to the server layer, but if you'd
>>>>> like I can reword to make that even more clear by rewording of the
>>>>> form "SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate the
>>>>> requirements of a client LSP [regarding X]", where X is minimize
>>>>> latency (FR#10), bound latency (FR#11), bound jitter (FR#12), specific
>>>>> component link (FR#13), bidirection co-routed (FR#14), no reordering
>>>>> (FR#15), bounded frequency of rebalance (FR#20).
>>>>  
>>>> Okay, I think this will/may help.  My comment goes back to the model I
>>>> was asking about above.  And to which part of the puzzle the requirement
>>>> applies.
>>>
>>> In some of the above requirements client layer communicated to the
>>> server layer, whatever the server layer is.  Means of communication
>>> presumed to be RSVP-TE but we can't say that until the framework and
>>> same capability needs to be available to management plane.
>>>
>>> In some of the above requirements server layer communicates to the
>>> client layer.  Means of communication is presumed to be IGP
>>> extensions, again with same capability available to management plane.
>>>
>>> There is no distinct Advanced Multipath layer in control plane or data
>>> plane.  And if there was a distinct control plane layer it would be
>>> defined in a framework, not a requirements document.
>>>
>>>>>>>>> It would be trivial to make this FR#1 and renumber the rest.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>> I don't think the FR helped clarify the above question.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The choice of the word "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15 does not
>>>>>>> imply usage by a specific layer.  That is a direct answer to your
>>>>>>> question.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> In all of these specific cases, the the client layer is passing a
>>>>>>> requirement to the server layer so in the IGP + RSVP-TE world that
>>>>>>> would be a function of RSVP-TE.  In the absense of control plane, it
>>>>>>> would have to be done through management plane interaction where the
>>>>>>> client indicates requirements of an LSP and the server layer is free
>>>>>>> to figure out how to meet those requirements.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Do you want me to add the clarification on the use of the word
>>>>>>> "indicate" or not?
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> I think you need to be clear that the requirement applies to all three
>>>>>> layers.
>>>>>
>>>>> There are no distinct three layers.  You are imagining a model that is
>>>>> not used in this document so please don't impose model on our document.
>>>>>
>>>>  
>>>> Well your old definition of Client LSP said that it was a client of
>>>> "multipath" and else where you say that "multipath" operates over a
>>>> server layer.  As mentioned above, this sounds like three layers to me.
>>>>  If this is not your intent, I think you need to make it clear (through
>>>> revised text) what model you do intend.
>>>
>>> This is the current text in -13:
>>>
>>>    Client LSP
>>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>>>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
>>>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
>>>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
>>>        component links of that multipath.
>>>
>>> The text is trying to clarify what a "client LSP" is in the first
>>> sentence and then trying to give two cases of what a client LSP is
>>> not.  This clarification was specifically added *for you* in the last
>>> iteration.
>>>
>>> There was no intention to imply that Advanced Multipath is or is not
>>> in of itself a type of layer.  If you are getting that notion from
>>> this text, then we need to change it.
>>>
>>>   OLD:
>>>
>>>    Client LSP
>>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>>>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
>>>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
>>>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
>>>        component links of that multipath.
>>>
>>>   NEW:
>>>
>>>    Client LSP
>>>
>>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a set of one
>>>        or more lower layers.  In the context of this discussion, one
>>>        type of client LSP is a LSP which has been set up over an AMG.
>>>
>>> We could also add a clarification to the definitions section that
>>> states:
>>>
>>>    This document makes no statement on whether Advanced Multipath is
>>>    itself a layer or whether an instance of AMG is itself a layer.
>>>    This is to avoid engaging in long and pointless discussions about
>>>    what consistitutes a proper layer.
>>>
>>> I would *really* like to add the above statement.
>>>
>>>>> In your sentence above I have no idea what "the requirement" refers to.
>>>>>
>>>>> In summary:
>>>>>
>>>>> We were discussing why the word "indicate" was used to avoid requiring
>>>>> specific mechanisms for information passing and I asked if I should
>>>>> add the following.
>>>>>
>>>>>    FR#0  In requirements that follow in this document the word
>>>>>       "indicate" is used where information may be provided by either
>>>>>       the combination of link state IGP advertisement and MPLS LSP
>>>>>       signaling or via management plane protocols.  In later documents
>>>>>       providing framework and protocol definitions both signaling and
>>>>>       management plane mechanisms MUST be defined.
>>>>>
>>>>> Information is two way.  The requirements you cited were all worded in
>>>>> the form "The solution SHALL provide a means to indicate that a client
>>>>> LSP will ...".  So far I have offerred to reword this to the form "The
>>>>> solution SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate a
>>>>> requirement that a client LSP will ..." (ie: get minimum latency, get
>>>>> bound latency, etc).
>>>>>
>>>>> Is adding FR#0 OK?
>>>>>
>>>>> Do you want this sort of rewording to make it more explicit that the
>>>>> client layer is communication a requirement for a specific client LSP?
>>>>>
>>>>  
>>>> I think we need to come back to this once we resolve the "model" topic.
>>>>  
>>>> ...
>>>>  
>>>> Thanks,
>>>> Lou
>>>
>>> I hope it is resolved.
>>>
>>> Curtis
> 


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Routing Area Working Group Working Group =
of the IETF.

        Title           : Operational management of Loop Free Alternates
        Authors         : Stephane Litkowski
                          Bruno Decraene
                          Clarence Filsfils
                          Kamran Raza
                          Martin Horneffer
                          Pushpasis Sarkar
	Filename        : draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt
	Pages           : 21
	Date            : 2014-01-22

Abstract:
   Loop Free Alternates (LFA), as defined in RFC 5286 is an IP Fast
   ReRoute (IP FRR) mechanism enabling traffic protection for IP traffic
   (and MPLS LDP traffic by extension).  Following first deployment
   experiences, this document provides operational feedback on LFA,
   highlights some limitations, and proposes a set of refinements to
   address those limitations.  It also proposes required management
   specifications.

   This proposal is also applicable to remote LFA solution.



The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability/

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

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--047d7bd8fb488ac59304f08fa458
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1

Hi,

as stated in section 4.2
<snip>

 To enhance such situation, an implementation SHOULD
   support triggering/activating LFA Fast Reroute for a given link when
   a manual shutdown is done.

</snip>


The triggering of a FRR could also happen by BFD in some
implementations. The last sentence should be more generalized or even
get more details. What exactly should a "shutdown" trigger? For e.g. a
tx-laser off on local side -> triggers LFA on remote side.



// Maik






2014/1/22 <internet-drafts@ietf.org>

>
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
> directories.
>  This draft is a work item of the Routing Area Working Group Working Group
> of the IETF.
>
>         Title           : Operational management of Loop Free Alternates
>         Authors         : Stephane Litkowski
>                           Bruno Decraene
>                           Clarence Filsfils
>                           Kamran Raza
>                           Martin Horneffer
>                           Pushpasis Sarkar
>         Filename        : draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt
>         Pages           : 21
>         Date            : 2014-01-22
>
> Abstract:
>    Loop Free Alternates (LFA), as defined in RFC 5286 is an IP Fast
>    ReRoute (IP FRR) mechanism enabling traffic protection for IP traffic
>    (and MPLS LDP traffic by extension).  Following first deployment
>    experiences, this document provides operational feedback on LFA,
>    highlights some limitations, and proposes a set of refinements to
>    address those limitations.  It also proposes required management
>    specifications.
>
>    This proposal is also applicable to remote LFA solution.
>
>
>
> The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability/
>
> There's also a htmlized version available at:
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01
>
> A diff from the previous version is available at:
> http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01
>
>
> Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of
> submission
> until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.
>
> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
>
> _______________________________________________
> rtgwg mailing list
> rtgwg@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rtgwg
>

--047d7bd8fb488ac59304f08fa458
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
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<div dir=3D"ltr">Hi,<div><br></div><div>as stated in section 4.2</div><div>=
&lt;snip&gt;</div><div><pre class=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1em;margin-top:0p=
x;margin-bottom:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0)"> To enhance such situation, an implem=
entation SHOULD
   support triggering/activating LFA Fast Reroute for a given link when
   a manual shutdown is done.</pre><pre class=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1em;m=
argin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0)">&lt;/snip&gt;</pre><pre c=
lass=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1em;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;color:rgb=
(0,0,0)">
<br></pre><pre class=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1em;margin-top:0px;margin-bott=
om:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0)">The triggering of a FRR could also happen by BFD i=
n some implementations. The last sentence should be more generalized or eve=
n get more details. What exactly should a &quot;shutdown&quot; trigger? For=
 e.g. a tx-laser off on local side -&gt; triggers LFA on remote side. </pre=
>
<pre class=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1em;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;col=
or:rgb(0,0,0)"><br></pre><pre class=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1em;margin-top:=
0px;margin-bottom:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br></pre><pre class=3D"" style=3D"=
font-size:1em;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
// Maik</pre><pre class=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1em;margin-top:0px;margin-b=
ottom:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br></pre><pre class=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1e=
m;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br></pre><pre class=
=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1em;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;color:rgb(0,0=
,0)">
<br></pre></div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br><div class=3D"gmai=
l_quote">2014/1/22  <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:internet-drafts=
@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">internet-drafts@ietf.org</a>&gt;</span><br><bl=
ockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #=
ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br>
A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.<br>
=A0This draft is a work item of the Routing Area Working Group Working Grou=
p of the IETF.<br>
<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Title =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 : Operational management of Loop =
Free Alternates<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Authors =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 : Stephane Litkowski<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Bruno Decraene<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Clarence Filsfils<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Kamran Raza<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Martin Horneffer<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Pushpasis Sarkar<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Filename =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageabilit=
y-01.txt<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Pages =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 : 21<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Date =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0: 2014-01-22<br>
<br>
Abstract:<br>
=A0 =A0Loop Free Alternates (LFA), as defined in RFC 5286 is an IP Fast<br>
=A0 =A0ReRoute (IP FRR) mechanism enabling traffic protection for IP traffi=
c<br>
=A0 =A0(and MPLS LDP traffic by extension). =A0Following first deployment<b=
r>
=A0 =A0experiences, this document provides operational feedback on LFA,<br>
=A0 =A0highlights some limitations, and proposes a set of refinements to<br=
>
=A0 =A0address those limitations. =A0It also proposes required management<b=
r>
=A0 =A0specifications.<br>
<br>
=A0 =A0This proposal is also applicable to remote LFA solution.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:<br>
<a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageabil=
ity/" target=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-l=
fa-manageability/</a><br>
<br>
There&#39;s also a htmlized version available at:<br>
<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01=
" target=3D"_blank">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-managea=
bility-01</a><br>
<br>
A diff from the previous version is available at:<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageab=
ility-01" target=3D"_blank">http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-r=
tgwg-lfa-manageability-01</a><br>
<br>
<br>
Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submissio=
n<br>
until the htmlized version and diff are available at <a href=3D"http://tool=
s.ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">tools.ietf.org</a>.<br>
<br>
Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:<br>
<a href=3D"ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/" target=3D"_blank">ftp://ftp=
.ietf.org/internet-drafts/</a><br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
rtgwg mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org">rtgwg@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rtgwg" target=3D"_blank">h=
ttps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rtgwg</a><br>
</blockquote></div><br></div>

--047d7bd8fb488ac59304f08fa458--

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From: <stephane.litkowski@orange.com>
To: Maik Pfeil <maik.pfeil@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Jan 2014 15:22:08 +0100
Subject: RE: I-D Action: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt
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Agree,

I will clarify with more details.



De : rtgwg [mailto:rtgwg-bounces@ietf.org] De la part de Maik Pfeil
Envoy=E9 : mercredi 22 janvier 2014 15:07
Cc : rtgwg@ietf.org
Objet : Re: I-D Action: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt

Hi,

as stated in section 4.2
<snip>

 To enhance such situation, an implementation SHOULD

   support triggering/activating LFA Fast Reroute for a given link when

   a manual shutdown is done.

</snip>





The triggering of a FRR could also happen by BFD in some implementations. T=
he last sentence should be more generalized or even get more details. What =
exactly should a "shutdown" trigger? For e.g. a tx-laser off on local side =
-> triggers LFA on remote side.







// Maik









2014/1/22 <internet-drafts@ietf.org<mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org>>

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Routing Area Working Group Working Group =
of the IETF.

        Title           : Operational management of Loop Free Alternates
        Authors         : Stephane Litkowski
                          Bruno Decraene
                          Clarence Filsfils
                          Kamran Raza
                          Martin Horneffer
                          Pushpasis Sarkar
        Filename        : draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt
        Pages           : 21
        Date            : 2014-01-22

Abstract:
   Loop Free Alternates (LFA), as defined in RFC 5286 is an IP Fast
   ReRoute (IP FRR) mechanism enabling traffic protection for IP traffic
   (and MPLS LDP traffic by extension).  Following first deployment
   experiences, this document provides operational feedback on LFA,
   highlights some limitations, and proposes a set of refinements to
   address those limitations.  It also proposes required management
   specifications.

   This proposal is also applicable to remote LFA solution.



The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability/

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org<http://=
tools.ietf.org>.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/

_______________________________________________
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<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=3DFR link=3Dblue vlink=
=3Dpurple><div class=3DWordSection1><p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Agree,<o:p>=
</o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-=
family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p=
 class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family=
:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I will clarify with more details.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-si=
ze:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:=
p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:11.=
0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></sp=
an></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;fo=
nt-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p=
><p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahom=
a","sans-serif"'>De&nbsp;:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-f=
amily:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> rtgwg [mailto:rtgwg-bounces@ietf.org] <b>De l=
a part de</b> Maik Pfeil<br><b>Envoy=E9&nbsp;:</b> mercredi 22 janvier 2014=
 15:07<br><b>Cc&nbsp;:</b> rtgwg@ietf.org<br><b>Objet&nbsp;:</b> Re: I-D Ac=
tion: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt<o:p></o:p></span></p><p cla=
ss=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p><div><p class=3DMsoNormal>Hi,<o:p></o:p=
></p><div><p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DM=
soNormal>as stated in section 4.2<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNo=
rmal>&lt;snip&gt;<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12=
.0pt;color:black'> To enhance such situation, an implementation SHOULD<o:p>=
</o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>=A0=A0=
 support triggering/activating LFA Fast Reroute for a given link when<o:p><=
/o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>=A0=A0 =
a manual shutdown is done.<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-=
size:12.0pt;color:black'>&lt;/snip&gt;<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pre><pre><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pre><pr=
e><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>The triggering of a FRR coul=
d also happen by BFD in some implementations. The last sentence should be m=
ore generalized or even get more details. What exactly should a &quot;shutd=
own&quot; trigger? For e.g. a tx-laser off on local side -&gt; triggers LFA=
 on remote side. <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0=
pt;color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size=
:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font=
-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D=
'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>// Maik<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pre><pre><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pre><pr=
e><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pr=
e><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span=
></pre></div></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-bottom:12.0pt'=
><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p><div><p class=3DMsoNormal>2014/1/22 &lt;<a href=3D"ma=
ilto:internet-drafts@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">internet-drafts@ietf.org</=
a>&gt;<o:p></o:p></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><br>A New Internet-Draft is avail=
able from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.<br>&nbsp;This draft is a=
 work item of the Routing Area Working Group Working Group of the IETF.<br>=
<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Title &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; : =
Operational management of Loop Free Alternates<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbs=
p; Authors &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; : Stephane Litkowski<br>&nbsp; &nbsp=
; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nb=
sp; Bruno Decraene<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbs=
p; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Clarence Filsfils<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &n=
bsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
Kamran Raza<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbs=
p; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Martin Horneffer<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nb=
sp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Pushpasi=
s Sarkar<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Filename &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp=
;: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 Pages &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; : 21<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbs=
p; Date &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;: 2014-01-22<br><br>Abstra=
ct:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;Loop Free Alternates (LFA), as defined in RFC 5286 is a=
n IP Fast<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;ReRoute (IP FRR) mechanism enabling traffic prote=
ction for IP traffic<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;(and MPLS LDP traffic by extension). &=
nbsp;Following first deployment<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;experiences, this document =
provides operational feedback on LFA,<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;highlights some limit=
ations, and proposes a set of refinements to<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;address those =
limitations. &nbsp;It also proposes required management<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;spe=
cifications.<br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;This proposal is also applicable to remote=
 LFA solution.<br><br><br><br>The IETF datatracker status page for this dra=
ft is:<br><a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-=
manageability/" target=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ie=
tf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability/</a><br><br>There's also a htmlized version avai=
lable at:<br><a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-man=
ageability-01" target=3D"_blank">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgw=
g-lfa-manageability-01</a><br><br>A diff from the previous version is avail=
able at:<br><a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-rtgwg-=
lfa-manageability-01" target=3D"_blank">http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3D=
draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01</a><br><br><br>Please note that it ma=
y take a couple of minutes from the time of submission<br>until the htmlize=
d version and diff are available at <a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org" targe=
t=3D"_blank">tools.ietf.org</a>.<br><br>Internet-Drafts are also available =
by anonymous FTP at:<br><a href=3D"ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/" tar=
get=3D"_blank">ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/</a><br><br>_____________=
__________________________________<br>rtgwg mailing list<br><a href=3D"mail=
to:rtgwg@ietf.org">rtgwg@ietf.org</a><br><a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/ma=
ilman/listinfo/rtgwg" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listin=
fo/rtgwg</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>=
</div></div><PRE>__________________________________________________________=
_______________________________________________________________

Ce message et ses pieces jointes peuvent contenir des informations confiden=
tielles ou privilegiees et ne doivent donc
pas etre diffuses, exploites ou copies sans autorisation. Si vous avez recu=
 ce message par erreur, veuillez le signaler
a l'expediteur et le detruire ainsi que les pieces jointes. Les messages el=
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Orange decline toute responsabilite si ce message a ete altere, deforme ou =
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This message and its attachments may contain confidential or privileged inf=
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they should not be distributed, used or copied without authorisation.
If you have received this email in error, please notify the sender and dele=
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</PRE></body></html>=

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It is not too early to start thinking about IETF 89.  Alvaro and I would
really like to get agenda requests early.  We expect that drafts will have
discussion on this mailing list before hand.

The following are items that we believe will request agenda slots.  PLEASE
CONFIRM and tell us how much time is needed:

    draft-aumuganainar-rtgwg-dps<http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-aumuganainar-rtgwg-dps-00.txt>-00:
  intended for last IETF, but author couldn't make it
    draft-aumuganainar-rtgwg-dps<http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-aumuganainar-rtgwg-dps-00.txt>-00:
  new
    draft-litkowski-rtgwg-uloop-delay<http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-litkowski-rtgwg-uloop-delay-01.txt>-01:
 new draft expected
    draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtgwg/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability/>-01:
 new draft just published
    composite link/Advanced Multipath status:  Trying to finish up Advanced
Multipath work
    draft-psarkar-rtgwg-rlfa-node-protection<http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-psarkar-rtgwg-rlfa-node-protection-03.txt>
-03

We are trying to finish up the following drafts:
   draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtgwg/draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr/>
   draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtgwg/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa/>
   draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-use-cases<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtgwg/draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-use-cases/>
   draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtgwg/draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement/>

and would strongly encourage discussion and comments even before WGLC is
started on them.

Thanks,
Alia

--20cf302447bd2a769c04f095fcbe
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<div dir=3D"ltr">It is not too early to start thinking about IETF 89. =A0Al=
varo and I would really like to get agenda requests early. =A0We expect tha=
t drafts will have discussion on this mailing list before hand.<div><br></d=
iv>
<div>The following are items that we believe will request agenda slots. =A0=
PLEASE CONFIRM and tell us how much time is needed:</div><div><br></div><di=
v>=A0 =A0=A0<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-aumuganainar-rtgwg-dp=
s-00.txt" style=3D"color:rgb(68,0,136);border-bottom-width:0px;font-family:=
&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,times,serif;font-size:15px">draft-aumuganainar-rt=
gwg-dps</a>-00: =A0 intended for last IETF, but author couldn&#39;t make it=
</div>
<div>=A0 =A0=A0<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-aumuganainar-rtgwg=
-dps-00.txt" style=3D"color:rgb(68,0,136);border-bottom-width:0px;font-fami=
ly:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,times,serif;font-size:15px">draft-aumuganainar=
-rtgwg-dps</a>-00: =A0 new</div>
<div>=A0 =A0=A0<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-litkowski-rtgwg-ul=
oop-delay-01.txt" style=3D"color:rgb(68,0,136);border-bottom-width:0px;font=
-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,times,serif;font-size:15px">draft-litkows=
ki-rtgwg-uloop-delay</a>-01: =A0new draft expected</div>
<div>=A0 =A0=A0<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtgwg/draft-ietf-rtgwg-l=
fa-manageability/" style=3D"color:rgb(68,0,136);border-bottom-width:0px;fon=
t-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,times,serif;font-size:15px">draft-ietf-r=
tgwg-lfa-manageability</a>-01: =A0new draft just published<br>
</div><div>=A0 =A0 composite link/Advanced Multipath status: =A0Trying to f=
inish up Advanced Multipath work</div><div>=A0 =A0=A0<a href=3D"http://tool=
s.ietf.org/id/draft-psarkar-rtgwg-rlfa-node-protection-03.txt" style=3D"col=
or:rgb(68,0,136);border-bottom-width:0px;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#=
39;,times,serif;font-size:15px">draft-psarkar-rtgwg-rlfa-node-protection</a=
>-03</div>
<div><br></div><div>We are trying to finish up the following drafts:</div><=
div>=A0 =A0<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtgwg/draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr=
/" style=3D"color:rgb(68,0,136);border-bottom-width:0px;font-family:&#39;Ti=
mes New Roman&#39;,times,serif;font-size:15px">draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr</a></=
div>
<div>=A0 =A0<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtgwg/draft-ietf-rtgwg-remo=
te-lfa/" style=3D"color:rgb(68,0,136);border-bottom-width:0px;font-family:&=
#39;Times New Roman&#39;,times,serif;font-size:15px">draft-ietf-rtgwg-remot=
e-lfa</a></div>
<div>=A0 =A0<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtgwg/draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-u=
se-cases/" style=3D"color:rgb(68,0,136);border-bottom-width:0px;font-family=
:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,times,serif;font-size:15px">draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-=
use-cases</a><br>
</div><div>=A0 =A0<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtgwg/draft-ietf-rtgw=
g-cl-requirement/" style=3D"color:rgb(68,0,136);border-bottom-width:0px;fon=
t-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,times,serif;font-size:15px">draft-ietf-r=
tgwg-cl-requirement</a><br>
</div><div><br></div><div>and would strongly encourage discussion and comme=
nts even before WGLC is started on them.</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks,</=
div><div>Alia</div></div>

--20cf302447bd2a769c04f095fcbe--

From uma.chunduri@ericsson.com  Thu Jan 23 13:24:15 2014
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From: Uma Chunduri <uma.chunduri@ericsson.com>
To: "internet-drafts@ietf.org" <internet-drafts@ietf.org>, "i-d-announce@ietf.org" <i-d-announce@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: I-D Action: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt
Thread-Topic: I-D Action: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt
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Date: Thu, 23 Jan 2014 21:24:10 +0000
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Dear Authors,

I have given some  comments to you only, on the earlier version of this dra=
ft  few months back and I see some of them are taken care. Thx.

After re-reading this version, I  felt this is indeed addressing the import=
ant aspect and the value of policy based selection of alternatives=20
As opposed to the alternatives with best protection. This document brings o=
ut lot of use cases and the configuration knobs to=20
achieve the goal of the "policy" based preference on possible LFAs.

However, I see some of the sections documented are not directly related to =
the uses cases presented in Section 2, which in principle=20
shows how and why the best protection is not good (excluding the IS-IS over=
load case) in all cases.=20
For example:

1.  Section 3.1, which suggests the activation granularity requirement of t=
he LFAs from Context, instance to address-family and per-prefix.=20
      Here some of the choices are natural but I don't think this addresses=
 any of the problems documented in Section 2.
      "..This means that if a specific
      prefix must be protected due to a configuration request, LFA must
      be computed and installed for this prefix even if the primary
      outgoing interface is not configured for protection."
      Could you clarify the must (2) in the sentence? Do you intend to say =
"MUST" there?

      Also I feel, for example, having per-prefix granularity for provision=
ing LFA or not is an implementation choice than an interoperability=20
      issue while deployment.

2.  Section 4.3, "Required local information" Says -
     "MUST provide coverage information per activation domain of LFA
      (area, level, topology, instance, virtual router, address family
      ...)."
     To me this is good to have information and be very helpful for the ope=
rator but I am not sure mandating the coverage information granularity
     is addressing any of the issues presented in Section 2.

3. Similarly Section 4.4 coverage monitoring guidelines for the vendor impl=
ementations are good ones but these are neither addressing any issues=20
     presented in Section 2 nor helping solve any interoperability issue.=20

The problem I see with this is lot of implementations may quickly become no=
n-compliant from customers point of view once this becomes RFC. Do you see =
that way?


Specific review Comments:
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

1. Section 2.1
   When the core link R8-R7 fails, R8 switches all traffic destined to
   all the PEx towards the edge node PE2.

  What is "all the PEx"??

2. Section 2.2
   "In the figure 2, let us consider the traffic coming from PE1 to PEx.
   Nominal path is R9-R8-R7-R6-PEx."

   You might mean to say R9-R8-R7-R10-R6-PEx ? Can you clarify?

3. Section 2.3
   Though it's not important to illustrate your point of using sub-optimal =
core links as LFA, it's good to mention the link costs of R3-PE1 and PE1-R4=
.
   Otherwise PE1 could become another potential node protecting alternative=
 via non-core or whatever.. (at least can avoid confusion for the reader).

4.  For IGPs what exactly you meant when you say "topology" and how this is=
 different than first bullet "Per address-family"?

5. Section 3.2.1
   "Especially, computation of PQ set ([I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa]) SHOULD =
to be
   performed before best alternate selection."
  =20
    SHOULD to be =3D=3D> SHOULD be
  =20
   Also,  say you might have a legacy node to deal with and you are not abl=
e to establish TLDP with PQ here=20
   in that case, you might look for a knob to choose the policy (remote or =
local policy).

6.  "3.2.5.  Details on criterions"=20
      Didn't understand the title and all sub-sections listed under should =
instead be 3.2.x level? I am saying this because I lost=20
      where I was while reading.  I would suggest to re-organize better.

7. 3.2.5.1.  LFA and ECMP
     It should have been "ECMP LFAs"
  =20
   And..
   "As mentioned in [RFC5286] Section 3.4., protecting a link within an
   ECMP by another primary nexthop is not a MUST.  Moreover, we already
   presented in this document, that maximizing the coverage of the
   failure case may not be the right approach and policy based choice of
   alternate may be preferred."

   If you just want to prevent one of the other ECMP link as LFA then you c=
an provision "local" SRLGs.
   Then in this case you might get L3 or L4 but you are seeking both as LFA=
s.   I  see the current text put
    Lot of  emphasis on the point of not using one of the primary ECMP path=
s as alternatives with citation=20
   on RFC 5286.=20
   However,  you are *also* seeking for an ECMP LFA (if available, instead =
of tie breaking and give one=20
  LFA eventually from the non-bundle).

   Also I didn't fully understand how can one enforce this as one can have =
another equal cost=20
   alternate (non-bundled) path from PE1 to PE2 via P2 or some Px node. It =
seems in this case you are
   looking for all  non-ECMP LFAs to be installed as alternatives?=20

8. Section 3.2.5.5
   "Rather than tagging interface on each node (using link color) to
   identify neighbor node type (as example), it would be helpful if
   routers could be identified in the IGP. "
  =20
    a) After this it completely talks IS-IS language. Probably this should =
be revisited to make it generic or applicable to the other IGP.
    b) Coming to IS-IS, you referred I-D.psarkar-isis-node-admin-tag but th=
e text suggests, its own algorithm to identify the neighbor with=20
       TLV135 and  is not complete in many fronts.=20
   =20
 I would suggest revisit this section completely to focus on the point your=
 of "neighbor preference" rather than incomplete IGP details.=20

9. Section 4.5
   "4.5.  Deterministic and documents LFA selection behavior"
   The title didn't sound correct.

--
Uma C.


-----Original Message-----
From: rtgwg [mailto:rtgwg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of internet-drafts@ie=
tf.org
Sent: Wednesday, January 22, 2014 5:02 AM
To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
Cc: rtgwg@ietf.org
Subject: I-D Action: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt


A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Routing Area Working Group Working Group =
of the IETF.

        Title           : Operational management of Loop Free Alternates
        Authors         : Stephane Litkowski
                          Bruno Decraene
                          Clarence Filsfils
                          Kamran Raza
                          Martin Horneffer
                          Pushpasis Sarkar
	Filename        : draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt
	Pages           : 21
	Date            : 2014-01-22

Abstract:
   Loop Free Alternates (LFA), as defined in RFC 5286 is an IP Fast
   ReRoute (IP FRR) mechanism enabling traffic protection for IP traffic
   (and MPLS LDP traffic by extension).  Following first deployment
   experiences, this document provides operational feedback on LFA,
   highlights some limitations, and proposes a set of refinements to
   address those limitations.  It also proposes required management
   specifications.

   This proposal is also applicable to remote LFA solution.



The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability/

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submissio=
n until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/

_______________________________________________
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--_000_CF0703C2480CBaretanaciscocom_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252"
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Hi!

It took a while to collect the IPR statements from everyone..and for me to =
get back on this thread..

There is enough support to adopt this draft as a WG item.

Authors:  Please republish as draft-ietf-rtgwg-mrt-frr-algorithm

Thanks!

Alvaro.

On 9/27/13 8:53 AM, "Alvaro Retana (aretana)" <aretana@cisco.com<mailto:are=
tana@cisco.com>> wrote:

Hi!

This message starts a two-week Call for WG Adoption for 'Algorithms for com=
puting Maximally Redundant Trees for IP/LDP Fast-Reroute' (draft-enyedi-rtg=
wg-mrt-frr-algorithm).

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-enyedi-rtgwg-mrt-frr-algorithm

At the meeting in Berlin the authors asked for the WG adoption of their dra=
ft, but here were very few people in the room who had actually reviewed the=
 document to get any type of read of the room.

We want to hear from people who have read and understood the draft (besides=
 the authors!) about this topic.  Please provide some explanation as to why=
 you support or not the adoption of the draft =97 avoid "+1".

This call will be over by EOD on Oct/11, 2013 (pick your favorite time zone=
).

Thanks!!

Alvaro.

--_000_CF0703C2480CBaretanaciscocom_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252"
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<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3DWindows-1=
252">
</head>
<body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-lin=
e-break: after-white-space; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; font-fami=
ly: Calibri, sans-serif; ">
<div>Hi!</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>It took a while to collect the IPR statements from everyone..and for m=
e to get back on this thread..</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>There is enough support to adopt this draft as a WG item.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Authors: &nbsp;Please republish as draft-ietf-rtgwg-mrt-frr-algorithm<=
/div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Thanks!</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Alvaro.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<span id=3D"OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION">
<div>
<div>On 9/27/13 8:53 AM, &quot;Alvaro Retana (aretana)&quot; &lt;<a href=3D=
"mailto:aretana@cisco.com">aretana@cisco.com</a>&gt; wrote:</div>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<blockquote id=3D"MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE" style=3D"BORDER-LEFT:=
 #b5c4df 5 solid; PADDING:0 0 0 5; MARGIN:0 0 0 5;">
<div>
<div style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line=
-break: after-white-space; ">
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
Hi!</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
This message starts a two-week Call for WG Adoption for&nbsp;'Algorithms fo=
r computing Maximally Redundant Trees for IP/LDP Fast-Reroute' (draft-enyed=
i-rtgwg-mrt-frr-algorithm).</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-enyedi-rtgwg-mrt-frr-algorithm"=
>http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-enyedi-rtgwg-mrt-frr-algorithm</a></div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
At the meeting in Berlin the authors asked for the WG adoption of their dra=
ft, but here were very few people in the room who had actually reviewed the=
 document to get any type of read of the room. &nbsp;</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
We want to hear from people who have read and understood the draft (besides=
 the authors!) about this topic. &nbsp;Please provide some explanation as t=
o why you support or not the adoption of the draft =97 avoid &quot;&#43;1&q=
uot;.</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
This call will be over by EOD on Oct/11, 2013 (pick your favorite time zone=
).</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
Thanks!!</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
Alvaro.</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
</span>
</body>
</html>

--_000_CF0703C2480CBaretanaciscocom_--

From liu.bin21@zte.com.cn  Thu Jan 23 19:01:47 2014
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--=_alternative 00109D5E48257C6A_=
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Greeting all,

We uploaded a draft that proposed a generic routing method and protocol 
for a regular data center network, named as the fault-avoidance routing 
(FAR) protocol. FAR protocol provides a generic routing method for all 
kinds of network architectures that are proposed for large-scale cloud 
data centers over the past few years.  FAR protocol is well designed to 
fully leverage the regularity in the topology and compute its routing 
table in a simple way.

We hope to get valuable opinions of experts in the routing group on our 
draft.

Best regards,
Richard Bin Liu

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A new version of I-D, draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn-00.txt
has been successfully submitted by Bin Liu and posted to the
IETF repository.

Filename:                 draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn
Revision:                 00
Title:                            Generic Fault-avoidance Routing Protocol 
for Data Center Networks
Creation date:            2013-12-19
Group:                            Individual Submission
Number of pages: 24
URL:             
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn-00.txt
Status:          http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn
Htmlized:        http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn-00


Abstract:
   This draft proposed a generic routing method and protocol for a
   regular data center network, named as the fault-avoidance routing
   (FAR) protocol.  FAR protocol provides a generic routing method for
   all kinds of network architectures that are proposed for large-scale
   cloud data centers over the past few years.  FAR protocol is well
   designed to fully leverage the regularity in the topology and compute
   its routing table in a simple way.  Fat-tree is taken as an example
   architecture to illuminate how to apply FAR protocol in this draft.

  


--=_alternative 00109D5E48257C6A_=
Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII"


<br><font size=2>Greeting all,</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2>We uploaded a draft that proposed a generic routing method
and protocol for a regular data center network, named as the fault-avoidance
routing (FAR) protocol. FAR protocol provides a generic routing method
for all kinds of network architectures that are proposed for large-scale
cloud data centers over the past few years. &nbsp;FAR protocol is well
designed to fully leverage the regularity in the topology and compute its
routing table in a simple way.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2>We hope to get valuable opinions of experts in the routing
group on our draft.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2>Best regards,</font>
<br><font size=2>Richard Bin Liu</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2>---------------------------------------------------------------------------</font>
<br><font size=2>A new version of I-D, draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn-00.txt</font>
<br><font size=2>has been successfully submitted by Bin Liu and posted
to the</font>
<br><font size=2>IETF repository.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2>Filename: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn</font>
<br><font size=2>Revision: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;00</font>
<br><font size=2>Title: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Generic Fault-avoidance Routing Protocol for
Data Center Networks</font>
<br><font size=2>Creation date: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2013-12-19</font>
<br><font size=2>Group: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Individual Submission</font>
<br><font size=2>Number of pages: 24</font>
<br><font size=2>URL: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn-00.txt</font>
<br><font size=2>Status: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn</font>
<br><font size=2>Htmlized: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-sl-rtgwg-far-dcn-00</font>
<br>
<br>
<br><font size=2>Abstract:</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;This draft proposed a generic routing method
and protocol for a</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;regular data center network, named as the
fault-avoidance routing</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;(FAR) protocol. &nbsp;FAR protocol provides
a generic routing method for</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;all kinds of network architectures that are
proposed for large-scale</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;cloud data centers over the past few years.
&nbsp;FAR protocol is well</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;designed to fully leverage the regularity
in the topology and compute</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;its routing table in a simple way. &nbsp;Fat-tree
is taken as an example</font>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp;architecture to illuminate how to apply FAR
protocol in this draft.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
</font>
<br>
<br>
--=_alternative 00109D5E48257C6A_=--

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Subject: process questions about draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr-03
From: Alia Atlas <akatlas@gmail.com>
To: "rtgwg@ietf.org" <rtgwg@ietf.org>, draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr@tools.ietf.org
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--089e01184b0c679ec504f0bfd5ec
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1

Is the intended status still Informational?
Are there any implementations?

Thanks,
Alia

--089e01184b0c679ec504f0bfd5ec
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

<div dir="ltr">Is the intended status still Informational?<div>Are there any implementations?</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks,</div><div>Alia</div></div>

--089e01184b0c679ec504f0bfd5ec--

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We have an implementation of this.

From: Alia Atlas <akatlas@gmail.com<mailto:akatlas@gmail.com>>
Date: Saturday 25 January 2014 00:36
To: "rtgwg@ietf.org<mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org>" <rtgwg@ietf.org<mailto:rtgwg@ie=
tf.org>>, "draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr@tools.ietf.org<mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-mo=
frr@tools.ietf.org>" <draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr@tools.ietf.org<mailto:draft-ie=
tf-rtgwg-mofrr@tools.ietf.org>>
Subject: process questions about draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr-03

Is the intended status still Informational?
Are there any implementations?

Thanks,
Alia

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<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
</head>
<body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-lin=
e-break: after-white-space; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; font-fami=
ly: Calibri, sans-serif;">
<div>We have an implementation of this.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<span id=3D"OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION">
<div style=3D"font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; text-align:left; color:b=
lack; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM:=
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 BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">From: </span>Alia Atlas &lt;<a href=3D"mai=
lto:akatlas@gmail.com">akatlas@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">Date: </span>Saturday 25 January 2014 00:3=
6<br>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">To: </span>&quot;<a href=3D"mailto:rtgwg@i=
etf.org">rtgwg@ietf.org</a>&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org">rtg=
wg@ietf.org</a>&gt;, &quot;<a href=3D"mailto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr@tools.i=
etf.org">draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr@tools.ietf.org</a>&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mai=
lto:draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr@tools.ietf.org">draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr@tools.iet=
f.org</a>&gt;<br>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>process questions about dr=
aft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr-03<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div dir=3D"ltr">Is the intended status still Informational?
<div>Are there any implementations?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Thanks,</div>
<div>Alia</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</span>
</body>
</html>

--_000_CF093B99A5FF2wimhenderickxalcatellucentcom_--

From jeff.tantsura@ericsson.com  Sat Jan 25 09:37:44 2014
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From: Jeff Tantsura <jeff.tantsura@ericsson.com>
To: Alia Atlas <akatlas@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: process questions about draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr-03
Thread-Topic: process questions about draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr-03
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Hi Alia,

Yes, we have got an implementation.
Thanks!

Regards,
Jeff

> On Jan 24, 2014, at 3:37 PM, "Alia Atlas" <akatlas@gmail.com> wrote:
>=20
> Is the intended status still Informational?
> Are there any implementations?
>=20
> Thanks,
> Alia
> _______________________________________________
> rtgwg mailing list
> rtgwg@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rtgwg

From ice@cisco.com  Sat Jan 25 10:57:23 2014
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Subject: Re: process questions about draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr-03
From: IJsbrand Wijnands <ice@cisco.com>
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Hi Alia,

Likewise, Cisco has an implementation.

Its informational because there is no protocol change necessary.

Thx,

Ice.

On 25 Jan 2014, at 18:37, Jeff Tantsura <jeff.tantsura@ericsson.com> wrote:

> Hi Alia,
> 
> Yes, we have got an implementation.
> Thanks!
> 
> Regards,
> Jeff
> 
>> On Jan 24, 2014, at 3:37 PM, "Alia Atlas" <akatlas@gmail.com> wrote:
>> 
>> Is the intended status still Informational?
>> Are there any implementations?
>> 
>> Thanks,
>> Alia
>> _______________________________________________
>> rtgwg mailing list
>> rtgwg@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rtgwg
> _______________________________________________
> rtgwg mailing list
> rtgwg@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rtgwg


From curtis@ipv6.occnc.com  Sat Jan 25 11:21:03 2014
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To: Lou Berger <lberger@labn.net>
From: Curtis Villamizar <curtis@ipv6.occnc.com>
Subject: Re: (resend) Re: RtgDir review: draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-13
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 17 Jan 2014 13:01:33 -0500." <52D96FFD.1020408@labn.net>
Date: Sat, 25 Jan 2014 14:20:55 -0500
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Lou,

I am in the process of submitting a -14 version followed with only the
changes for the OpsDir review followed by a -15 version with the
additional changes from your RtgDir review.  Please wait for the -15
version if you see the -14 and not the -15.

Curtis


In message <52D96FFD.1020408@labn.net>
Lou Berger writes:
> 
> sounds like a plan!
>  
> Lou
>  
> On 01/17/2014 12:41 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> > In message <52D88F77.5020009@labn.net>
> > Lou Berger writes:
> >  
> >> Curtis,
> >> 	I'm not sure if we're going around in circles or not, but in either
> >> case case I think we're getting caught up in the weeds/details.
> >>  
> >> >From a high level perspective, my comments have been motivated by trying
> >> to ensure the requirements are unambiguous -- as documented.  I think
> >> the text changes that have been agreed to so far (notably the use of the
> >> capitalized term and introduction of AMG) will help a lot. I think there
> >> is still one more area that is unclear, but it's also possible that
> >> we're arguing about text that you are planning to change.
> >>  
> >> Do you have a version that captures all the changes to date that you can
> >> distribute (or submit, as you choose)?  Perhaps looking at this version
> >> we'll find that the ambiguity is resolved or is sufficiently narrowed to
> >> not be significant.  Either way, the discussion can then continue from
> >> the most current text.
> >>  
> >> Thanks,
> >> Lou
> > 
> > 
> > Lou,
> > 
> > I was going to suggest the same (if I understand your suggestion) -
> > that is that a new draft be submitted and you (and others) can review
> > and see if clarity has been sufficiently improved or if there are
> > still issues with clarity.
> > 
> > If that is OK with you and compatible with this process I will make
> > two draft submissions back to back.  One with just the OpsDir review
> > comments addressed and a second with your comments so far addressed.
> > IMHO it would be easier to discuss the clarity (or lack of) of the
> > wording once changes have been made particularly since there are a few
> > s/old/new/g terminology suggestions in the email thread.
> > 
> > Curtis
> > 
> > 
> >> On 1/15/2014 7:00 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> >>> In message <52D02F67.9070604@labn.net>
> >>> Lou Berger writes:
> >>>  
> >>>> Curtis,
> >>>>  
> >>>> I think we have one disconnect (and corresponding related text) that we
> >>>> need to resolve before we can be close the discussion. See below for
> >>>> details..
> >>>>  
> >>>> On 1/8/2014 11:33 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> >>>>> Converging.  But maybe one more round trip needed.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> In message <52CD9D58.4010109@labn.net>
> >>>>> Lou Berger writes:
> >>>>>>
> >>>> ...
> >>>>  
> >>>>>>>>>> 2. Editorial: server and client layer vs upper and lower layer.
> >>>>>>>>>>  
> >>>>>>>>>> The document uses server and client layer networks and LSPs and,
> >>>>>>>>>> sometimes interchangeably or redundantly, upper and lower layer networks
> >>>>>>>>>> and LSPs.  I think this issue can be resolved by avoiding the term
> >>>>>>>>>> client/server when referring to network layers and just using the
> >>>>>>>>>> lower/upper terminology.  The one exception to this is in the definition
> >>>>>>>>>> Client LSP which should simply be defined in the context of a multipath,
> >>>>>>>>>> i.e.:
> >>>>>>>>>> OLD
> >>>>>>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
> >>>>>>>>>> NEW
> >>>>>>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over Advanced Multipath.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> A client LSP can be set up over a server layer MPLS-TP LSP or any
> >>>>>>>>> server layer MPLS LSP or over a link layer or over a pseudowire ... or
> >>>>>>>>> over an advanced multipath.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>  
> >>>>>>>> Would you accept s/server layer/lower layer/g?
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> The definition of server layer is not the same as the definition of
> >>>>>>> lower layer.  See below.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>> I think this also means that usage of the term "Client" is limited to
> >>>>>>>>>> "Client LSP".
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> I searched for all occurances of the word client.  All occurances are
> >>>>>>> />> "client LSP" excexpt the phrase "client of a client LSP" and that is
> >>>>>>>>> used only in the following paragraph.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>    The ingress and egress of a multipath may be midpoint LSRs with
> >>>>>>>>>    respect to a given client LSP.  A midpoint LSR does not participate
> >>>>>>>>>    in the signaling of any clients of the client LSP.  Therefore, in
> >>>>>>>>>    general, multipath endpoints cannot determine requirements of clients
> >>>>>>>>>    of a client LSP through participation in the signaling of the clients
> >>>>>>>>>    of the client LSP.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> THe point is that "A midpoint LSR does not participate in the
> >>>>>>>>> signaling of any clients of the client LSP" and that non-participation
> >>>>>>>>> in client (or higher layer) signaling applies to any "client of a
> >>>>>>>>> client LSP", not just other LSP running over it.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> I then searched for all occurances of the words upper and lower and
> >>>>>>>>> higher.  There are no occurances of "upper".
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> There were a few occurances of "lower latency" and "higher latency".
> >>>>>>>>> Other than that, all occurances of lower and higher except one are in
> >>>>>>>>> the follwoing text:
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>  3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>    A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
> >>>>>>>>>    example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
> >>>>>>>>>    MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).  The lower layer network may change
> >>>>>>>>>    the latency (and/or other performance parameters) seen by the client
> >>>>>>>>>    layer.  Currently, there is no protocol for the lower layer network
> >>>>>>>>>    to inform the higher layer network of a change in a performance
> >>>>>>>>>    parameter.  Communication of the latency performance parameter is a
> >>>>>>>>>    very important requirement.  Communication of other performance
> >>>>>>>>>    parameters (e.g., delay variation) is desirable.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>    FR#8  The solution SHALL specify a protocol means to allow a lower
> >>>>>>>>>        layer server network to communicate latency to the higher layer
> >>>>>>>>>        client network.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> The exception is this sentence:
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>      FR#22 The solution SHOULD support the use case where an advanced
> >>>>>>>>>        multipath itself is a component link for a higher order advanced
> >>>>>>>>>        multipath.  For example, an advanced multipath comprised of MPLS-
> >>>>>>>>>        TP bi-directional tunnels viewed as logical links could then be
> >>>>>>>>>        used as a component link in yet another advanced multipath that
> >>>>>>>>>        connects MPLS routers.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> The terms lower layer and higher layer go all the way back to the ISO
> >>>>>>>>> seven layer model of ancient times (1970s?, 1980s?) and maybe further
> >>>>>>>>> back but that is before even my time.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
> >>>>>>>>> definitions:
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>    Higher Layers
> >>>>>>>>>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
> >>>>>>>>>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>    Lower Layers
> >>>>>>>>>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
> >>>>>>>>>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
> >>>>>>>>> it is necessary, I will add it.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> Perhaps we've talked (okay written) past each other.  I was suggesting
> >>>>>>>> using/keeping the "higher and lower layer" terminology, not dropping it.
> >>>>>>>> And to use it (consistently) in place of "client and server Layer".
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> I guess you missed the distinction in the definition above:
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>   For layer X layer Y is:
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>     client layer   ===   Y = X+1
> >>>>>>>     server layer   ===   Y = X-1
> >>>>>>>     higher layer   ===   Y > X
> >>>>>>>     lower layer    ===   Y < X
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> So the definition client layer is not the same as the definition of
> >>>>>>> higher layer.  The definition of server layer is not the same as the
> >>>>>>> definition of lower layer.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> In some discussions we really do mean "the server layer" and not any
> >>>>>>> layer at any arbitrary depth below this one.
> >>>>>>  
> >>>>>> I read your usage of client/server layer to be synonymous with
> >>>>>> higher/lower layer, i.e. -+ 1.  Otherwise I'm not sure how to make sense
> >>>>>> of FR#8 (I think you really mean client layer not lower layer.)
> >>>>>
> >>>>> FR#8 and FR#9 are about the server layer telling the client layer
> >>>>> about the delays that can be expected.  There is a little redundancy
> >>>>> here so s/ower layer server network/server network/ and
> >>>>> s/higher layer client network/client network/.  No plans to skip
> >>>>> layers.
> >>>>>
> >>>>  
> >>>> I think we need to hit the points below before this one...
> >>>
> >>> OK.
> >>>
> >>>>>> Given the current document usage, I still think it makes sense to
> >>>>>> eliminate the two instances of "client layer":  How about the following:
> >>>>>> OLD
> >>>>>>    Client LSP
> >>>>>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
> >>>>>>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
> >>>>>>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
> >>>>>>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
> >>>>>>        component links of that multipath.
> >>>>>> NEW
> >>>>>>    Client LSP
> >>>>>>        A client LSP is a LSP which
> >>>>>>        has been set up over Advanced Multipath as opposed to an LSP
> >>>>>>        representing the Advanced Multipath itself or any LSP that is
> >>>>>>        part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Nope.  In general, a client LSP can be set up over a plain old
> >>>>> Ethernet on a given hop, therefore the second definition is too
> >>>>> narrow with this change.
> >>>>>
> >>>>  
> >>>> humm, you didn't have that in your OLD text.  In fact, the old text
> >>>> reads to me that an Advanced Multipath (solution?) logically sits
> >>>> between a client LSP and an underlying server layer in all cases.
> >>>
> >>> The "OLD" was a quote from you and it was the original text in -13.  I
> >>> said "Nope. ..." to your suggested change to it in this way.
> >>>
> >>> Earlier
> >>> (http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/rtgwg/current/msg04274.html) I
> >>> had suggested the following change:
> >>>
> >>>   I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
> >>>   definitions:
> >>>
> >>>    Higher Layers
> >>>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
> >>>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
> >>>
> >>>    Lower Layers
> >>>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
> >>>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
> >>>
> >>>   Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
> >>>   it is necessary, I will add it.
> >>>
> >>> You will find this in the quoted text above.
> >>>
> >>> The definition of client LSP does not imply that Advanced Multipath is
> >>> a layer.  This also used lower case "multipath" which we can replace
> >>> with AMG.  There is no LAG layer in a network in with MPLS runs over
> >>> Ethernet and some of the Ethernets use Link Aggregation.
> >>>
> >>>> So the model I see defined by the text has the following layers
> >>>>  
> >>>>    Client LSP (layer)
> >>>>    ----------
> >>>>    Advanced Multipath (layer/solution/construct)
> >>>>    ----------
> >>>>    Server Layer (composed of AMGs which are LSPs and/or links)
> >>>>  
> >>>> Is this aligned with your intent?  If not, can you explain the
> >>>> relationship you see for Advanced Multipath Client LSPs and Advanced
> >>>> Multipath AMGs?
> >>>
> >>> You imaginged this model and are trying to constrain the text to fit
> >>> into it..
> >>>
> >>> Consider these examples of client layer and server layer.
> >>>
> >>>   plain old rfc-4206
> >>>
> >>>     LSP-1 (PSC-0) = client of LSP-2
> >>>     LSP-2 (PSC-1) = server of LSP-1
> >>>
> >>>   LSP over Ethernet over PW over MPLS
> >>>
> >>>     LSP-1 = client of Ethernet
> >>>     Ethernet = server of LSP-1, client of PW
> >>>     PW = server of Ethernet, client of LSP-2
> >>>     LSP-2 = server of PW
> >>>
> >>> There is then the question of whether Advanced Multipath is a layer or
> >>> a set of techniques that can be applied at a given layer.  Example
> >>> potential config language:
> >>>
> >>>   mple {
> >>>     tunnel x1 {
> >>>       type multipath {
> >>>         component tunnel x2;
> >>> 	component tunnel x3;
> >>> 	[...]
> >>> 	component intf i1;
> >>> 	component intf i2;
> >>> 	[...]
> >>>       }
> >>>       [...]
> >>>     }
> >>>     [...]
> >>>   }
> >>>
> >>> No distinct layer above.
> >>>
> >>> An alternate:
> >>>
> >>>   mple {
> >>>     tunnel x1 {
> >>>       [...]
> >>>     }
> >>>     [...]
> >>>   }
> >>>
> >>>   interface amg1;
> >>>       type multipath {
> >>>         component tunnel x2;
> >>> 	component tunnel x3;
> >>> 	[...]
> >>> 	component intf i1;
> >>> 	component intf i2;
> >>> 	[...]
> >>>       }
> >>>       [...]
> >>>     }
> >>>     [...]
> >>>   }
> >>>
> >>> In the former example, the tunnel x1 is forced to use a specific set
> >>> of component links and apply multipath techniques to it.
> >>>
> >>> In the latter example, if tunnel x1 happen to find that interface amg1
> >>> was the lowest cost or otherwise preferred way to get to its
> >>> destination it makes use of amg1 and if so inherits the use of the
> >>> multipath techniques.
> >>>
> >>> There is no distinct multipath encapsulation at the date layer so some
> >>> might argue that even in the second case there is no distinct layer,
> >>> just a configuration convenience.
> >>>
> >>> Claiming that Advanced Multipath is of itself a layer may get us into
> >>> a bigger can of worms.
> >>>
> >>> For example in today's ECMP, the next hop consists of multiple
> >>> interfaces.  ECMP is not considered a layer between IP and those
> >>> interfaces.  Link bundle is also not considered a layer.
> >>>
> >>> In the document we have not claimed that Advanced Multipath is a type
> >>> of layer and we have not claimed that Advanced Multipath is not a type
> >>> of layer.  Either way we would get someone arguing that the opposite
> >>> was true.  [Some individuals it seems would pick the opposite of
> >>> whatever we picked just because they like to argue about layering.]
> >>>
> >>> Need I remind you of the painfully long and mostly pointless arguments
> >>> in MPLS during the early MPLS-TP work about whether an MPLS LSP
> >>> carried within another hierarchical MPLS LSP was a layer or a
> >>> sub-layer.  We don't want to repeat that and the best way to do so is
> >>> to not make any statement about whether Advanced Multipath is a layer
> >>> or a sub-layer or a layering NOOP.
> >>>
> >>> Which of the above is the "right" way to do things may be at most a
> >>> framework issue but may not come up until management plane entities
> >>> are defined.  It is certainly not a topic for a requirements document
> >>> because it is deep into the "how it gets done".
> >>>
> >>>>>> and
> >>>>>> OLD
> >>>>>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
> >>>>>>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
> >>>>>>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by sets
> >>>>>>    of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP.
> >>>>>> NEW
> >>>>>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
> >>>>>>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
> >>>>>>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by
> >>>>>>    LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> What about PW?  Those are paths too by the definition of paths, so
> >>>>> again, this change makes the definition too narrow.
> >>>>>
> >>>>  
> >>>> PWs weren't mentioned in your OLD text, so I didn't add them.  I also
> >>>> have no objections to adding them.
> >>>
> >>> Actually the text you wrote is incorrect.  "The above requirement
> >>> applies to component links" can include physical links and server
> >>> layer LSP but adding that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group is
> >>> incorrect.
> >>>
> >>> I'm not sure but I think this instance of "server layer" was added to
> >>> that LSP wording because you were confused on last review about client
> >>> LSP vs LSP over which Advanced Multipath was applied so I went around
> >>> changing everything to "client LSP" or "server layer LSP" to make it
> >>> more clear to you.  You now seem to be stuck on the wording that is
> >>> essentially saying "any type of component link" including "server
> >>> layer LSP".
> >>>
> >>>> The only change I made was
> >>>> s/sets of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP./
> >>>>  LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
> >>>
> >>> And that change was wrong.  A more correct change would be
> >>>
> >>> s/provided by server layer LSP/including paths provided by server
> >>> layer LSP/
> >>>
> >>> That would include any sort of path across the network.  PW could be
> >>> considered an emulated physcial link or another usable type of path
> >>> across the network.
> >>>
> >>> The "above set of requirements" in this case have to do with passing
> >>> down requirements for min latency, bounded latency, and bounded
> >>> jitter.  The original paragraph is:
> >>>
> >>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with
> >>>    different characteristics regardless as to whether those component
> >>>    links are provided by parallel physical links between nodes or
> >>>    provided by sets of paths across a network provided by server layer
> >>>    LSP.
> >>>
> >>> The intent is "The above set of requirements apply to component links"
> >>> followed by "regardless of what type of component links they are"
> >>> where we had disccssed two types being an interface or emulated
> >>> interface (or virtual interface in some major vendor terms) or an LSP
> >>> (which is also a virtual interface in some major vendor terms).
> >>>
> >>> I don't understand how you can get so hung up on the wording of what
> >>> is intended to convey "regardless of what type of component links they
> >>> are".  This has always been clear to the WG.
> >>>
> >>>>>>> The word "indicate" is independent of the method of getting the
> >>>>>>> information there.  But yes in the example given the IGP advertisement
> >>>>>>> and MPLS LSP signaling that might be one such mechanism does refer to
> >>>>>>> the IGP and RSVP-TE MPLS/GMPLS that we all are familiar with.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> If client and server LSP are PSC-3 and PSC-4 in MPLS hierarchy there
> >>>>>>> is only one IGP flooding information for both client and server layer,
> >>>>>>> hence the seemingly endless (and mostly pointless) discussion of
> >>>>>>> sub-layer vs layer from certain ITU people in the MPLS WG mailing list
> >>>>>>> who viewed MPLS as broken for not enforcing a strict layering in this
> >>>>>>> regard.  But we need not go into that level of detail in this example
> >>>>>>> of how independent of mechanism the "indicate" is and down that years
> >>>>>>> old MPLS WG terminology rat hole again.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>> My comment is that you need to be clear to which layer a requirement
> >>>>>> applies.  Is it the server layer, the client layer  or the Advanced
> >>>>>> Multipath layer?
> >>>>>
> >>>>> In each of the requirements you cited it is very clear that the client
> >>>>> later is communicating a requirement to the server layer, but if you'd
> >>>>> like I can reword to make that even more clear by rewording of the
> >>>>> form "SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate the
> >>>>> requirements of a client LSP [regarding X]", where X is minimize
> >>>>> latency (FR#10), bound latency (FR#11), bound jitter (FR#12), specific
> >>>>> component link (FR#13), bidirection co-routed (FR#14), no reordering
> >>>>> (FR#15), bounded frequency of rebalance (FR#20).
> >>>>  
> >>>> Okay, I think this will/may help.  My comment goes back to the model I
> >>>> was asking about above.  And to which part of the puzzle the requirement
> >>>> applies.
> >>>
> >>> In some of the above requirements client layer communicated to the
> >>> server layer, whatever the server layer is.  Means of communication
> >>> presumed to be RSVP-TE but we can't say that until the framework and
> >>> same capability needs to be available to management plane.
> >>>
> >>> In some of the above requirements server layer communicates to the
> >>> client layer.  Means of communication is presumed to be IGP
> >>> extensions, again with same capability available to management plane.
> >>>
> >>> There is no distinct Advanced Multipath layer in control plane or data
> >>> plane.  And if there was a distinct control plane layer it would be
> >>> defined in a framework, not a requirements document.
> >>>
> >>>>>>>>> It would be trivial to make this FR#1 and renumber the rest.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>  
> >>>>>>>> I don't think the FR helped clarify the above question.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> The choice of the word "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15 does not
> >>>>>>> imply usage by a specific layer.  That is a direct answer to your
> >>>>>>> question.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> In all of these specific cases, the the client layer is passing a
> >>>>>>> requirement to the server layer so in the IGP + RSVP-TE world that
> >>>>>>> would be a function of RSVP-TE.  In the absense of control plane, it
> >>>>>>> would have to be done through management plane interaction where the
> >>>>>>> client indicates requirements of an LSP and the server layer is free
> >>>>>>> to figure out how to meet those requirements.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Do you want me to add the clarification on the use of the word
> >>>>>>> "indicate" or not?
> >>>>>>  
> >>>>>> I think you need to be clear that the requirement applies to all three
> >>>>>> layers.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> There are no distinct three layers.  You are imagining a model that is
> >>>>> not used in this document so please don't impose model on our document.
> >>>>>
> >>>>  
> >>>> Well your old definition of Client LSP said that it was a client of
> >>>> "multipath" and else where you say that "multipath" operates over a
> >>>> server layer.  As mentioned above, this sounds like three layers to me.
> >>>>  If this is not your intent, I think you need to make it clear (through
> >>>> revised text) what model you do intend.
> >>>
> >>> This is the current text in -13:
> >>>
> >>>    Client LSP
> >>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
> >>>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
> >>>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
> >>>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
> >>>        component links of that multipath.
> >>>
> >>> The text is trying to clarify what a "client LSP" is in the first
> >>> sentence and then trying to give two cases of what a client LSP is
> >>> not.  This clarification was specifically added *for you* in the last
> >>> iteration.
> >>>
> >>> There was no intention to imply that Advanced Multipath is or is not
> >>> in of itself a type of layer.  If you are getting that notion from
> >>> this text, then we need to change it.
> >>>
> >>>   OLD:
> >>>
> >>>    Client LSP
> >>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
> >>>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
> >>>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
> >>>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
> >>>        component links of that multipath.
> >>>
> >>>   NEW:
> >>>
> >>>    Client LSP
> >>>
> >>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a set of one
> >>>        or more lower layers.  In the context of this discussion, one
> >>>        type of client LSP is a LSP which has been set up over an AMG.
> >>>
> >>> We could also add a clarification to the definitions section that
> >>> states:
> >>>
> >>>    This document makes no statement on whether Advanced Multipath is
> >>>    itself a layer or whether an instance of AMG is itself a layer.
> >>>    This is to avoid engaging in long and pointless discussions about
> >>>    what consistitutes a proper layer.
> >>>
> >>> I would *really* like to add the above statement.
> >>>
> >>>>> In your sentence above I have no idea what "the requirement" refers to.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> In summary:
> >>>>>
> >>>>> We were discussing why the word "indicate" was used to avoid requiring
> >>>>> specific mechanisms for information passing and I asked if I should
> >>>>> add the following.
> >>>>>
> >>>>>    FR#0  In requirements that follow in this document the word
> >>>>>       "indicate" is used where information may be provided by either
> >>>>>       the combination of link state IGP advertisement and MPLS LSP
> >>>>>       signaling or via management plane protocols.  In later documents
> >>>>>       providing framework and protocol definitions both signaling and
> >>>>>       management plane mechanisms MUST be defined.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Information is two way.  The requirements you cited were all worded in
> >>>>> the form "The solution SHALL provide a means to indicate that a client
> >>>>> LSP will ...".  So far I have offerred to reword this to the form "The
> >>>>> solution SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate a
> >>>>> requirement that a client LSP will ..." (ie: get minimum latency, get
> >>>>> bound latency, etc).
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Is adding FR#0 OK?
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Do you want this sort of rewording to make it more explicit that the
> >>>>> client layer is communication a requirement for a specific client LSP?
> >>>>>
> >>>>  
> >>>> I think we need to come back to this once we resolve the "model" topic.
> >>>>  
> >>>> ...
> >>>>  
> >>>> Thanks,
> >>>> Lou
> >>>
> >>> I hope it is resolved.
> >>>
> >>> Curtis


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Routing Area Working Group Working Group =
of the IETF.

        Title           : Requirements for Advanced Multipath in MPLS Netwo=
rks
        Authors         : Curtis Villamizar
                          Dave McDysan
                          So Ning
                          Andrew Malis
                          Lucy Yong
	Filename        : draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-14.txt
	Pages           : 16
	Date            : 2014-01-25

Abstract:
   This document provides a set of requirements for Advanced Multipath
   in MPLS Networks.

   Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
   currently in use in IP and MPLS networks and a set of extensions to
   existing multipath techniques.


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https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement/

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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Routing Area Working Group Working Group =
of the IETF.

        Title           : Requirements for Advanced Multipath in MPLS Netwo=
rks
        Authors         : Curtis Villamizar
                          Dave McDysan
                          So Ning
                          Andrew Malis
                          Lucy Yong
	Filename        : draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-15.txt
	Pages           : 16
	Date            : 2014-01-25

Abstract:
   This document provides a set of requirements for Advanced Multipath
   in MPLS Networks.

   Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
   currently in use in IP and MPLS networks and a set of extensions to
   existing multipath techniques.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement/

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-15

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-15


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ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


From stephane.litkowski@orange.com  Tue Jan 28 01:33:19 2014
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From: <stephane.litkowski@orange.com>
To: Uma Chunduri <uma.chunduri@ericsson.com>, "internet-drafts@ietf.org" <internet-drafts@ietf.org>, "i-d-announce@ietf.org" <i-d-announce@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2014 10:33:07 +0100
Subject: RE: I-D Action: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt
Thread-Topic: I-D Action: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt
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Hi Uma,

Thanks for your comment, please some mine inline.



-----Message d'origine-----
De=A0: rtgwg [mailto:rtgwg-bounces@ietf.org] De la part de Uma Chunduri
Envoy=E9=A0: jeudi 23 janvier 2014 22:24
=C0=A0: internet-drafts@ietf.org; i-d-announce@ietf.org
Cc=A0: rtgwg@ietf.org
Objet=A0: RE: I-D Action: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt

Dear Authors,

I have given some  comments to you only, on the earlier version of this dra=
ft  few months back and I see some of them are taken care. Thx.

After re-reading this version, I  felt this is indeed addressing the import=
ant aspect and the value of policy based selection of alternatives As oppos=
ed to the alternatives with best protection. This document brings out lot o=
f use cases and the configuration knobs to achieve the goal of the "policy"=
 based preference on possible LFAs.

However, I see some of the sections documented are not directly related to =
the uses cases presented in Section 2, which in principle shows how and why=
 the best protection is not good (excluding the IS-IS overload case) in all=
 cases.=20
For example:

1.  Section 3.1, which suggests the activation granularity requirement of t=
he LFAs from Context, instance to address-family and per-prefix.=20
      Here some of the choices are natural but I don't think this addresses=
 any of the problems documented in Section 2.
      "..This means that if a specific
      prefix must be protected due to a configuration request, LFA must
      be computed and installed for this prefix even if the primary
      outgoing interface is not configured for protection."
      Could you clarify the must (2) in the sentence? Do you intend to say =
"MUST" there?

[SLI] "must" is not RFC2119 "MUST" :)
The idea is just, as mentioned in the previous sentence that "per prefix pr=
otection" overrides "per interface protection" configuration.


      Also I feel, for example, having per-prefix granularity for provision=
ing LFA or not is an implementation choice than an interoperability=20
      issue while deployment.

[SLI] Agree ...=20

2.  Section 4.3, "Required local information" Says -
     "MUST provide coverage information per activation domain of LFA
      (area, level, topology, instance, virtual router, address family
      ...)."
     To me this is good to have information and be very helpful for the ope=
rator but I am not sure mandating the coverage information granularity
     is addressing any of the issues presented in Section 2.

[SLI] When deploying LFA, coverage information is mandatory for the SP as c=
overage may change as topology is changing. Maybe we can mention this in se=
ction 2. What do you feel ?


3. Similarly Section 4.4 coverage monitoring guidelines for the vendor impl=
ementations are good ones but these are neither addressing any issues=20
     presented in Section 2 nor helping solve any interoperability issue.=
=20

The problem I see with this is lot of implementations may quickly become no=
n-compliant from customers point of view once this becomes RFC. Do you see =
that way?

[SLI] As mentionned in previous comment, coverage informations are mandator=
y to be able to maintain LFA deployment (SP experience speaking ...). As pr=
oposed, I can add something in section 2 to detail the need.=20

Specific review Comments:
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

1. Section 2.1
   When the core link R8-R7 fails, R8 switches all traffic destined to
   all the PEx towards the edge node PE2.

  What is "all the PEx"??

[SLI] PEx is a set a PE.

2. Section 2.2
   "In the figure 2, let us consider the traffic coming from PE1 to PEx.
   Nominal path is R9-R8-R7-R6-PEx."

   You might mean to say R9-R8-R7-R10-R6-PEx ? Can you clarify?

[SLI] Right this is a mistake, I will fix it. Thanks


3. Section 2.3
   Though it's not important to illustrate your point of using sub-optimal =
core links as LFA, it's good to mention the link costs of R3-PE1 and PE1-R4.
   Otherwise PE1 could become another potential node protecting alternative=
 via non-core or whatever.. (at least can avoid confusion for the reader).

[SLI] Agree, will fix it.

4.  For IGPs what exactly you meant when you say "topology" and how this is=
 different than first bullet "Per address-family"?

[SLI] Topology refers to multitopology IGP (MT extensions), this may be dif=
ferent from address family (OSPF for IPv6 is not a multitopology OSPF case)

5. Section 3.2.1
   "Especially, computation of PQ set ([I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa]) SHOULD =
to be
   performed before best alternate selection."
=20=20=20
    SHOULD to be =3D=3D> SHOULD be
=20=20=20
[SLI] will fix it.

   Also,  say you might have a legacy node to deal with and you are not abl=
e to establish TLDP with PQ here=20
   in that case, you might look for a knob to choose the policy (remote or =
local policy).

[SLI] This may be managed by "neighbor exclude" policy statement.


6.  "3.2.5.  Details on criterions"=20
      Didn't understand the title and all sub-sections listed under should =
instead be 3.2.x level? I am saying this because I lost=20
      where I was while reading.  I would suggest to re-organize better

[SLI] Why not ... the idea is to give details on how each attribute should =
be retrieved.
So do you prefer to move all subsections to 3.2.x ? I'm ok with that.

7. 3.2.5.1.  LFA and ECMP
     It should have been "ECMP LFAs"

[SLI] Ok
=20=20=20

   And..
   "As mentioned in [RFC5286] Section 3.4., protecting a link within an
   ECMP by another primary nexthop is not a MUST.  Moreover, we already
   presented in this document, that maximizing the coverage of the
   failure case may not be the right approach and policy based choice of
   alternate may be preferred."

   If you just want to prevent one of the other ECMP link as LFA then you c=
an provision "local" SRLGs.
   Then in this case you might get L3 or L4 but you are seeking both as LFA=
s.   I  see the current text put
    Lot of  emphasis on the point of not using one of the primary ECMP path=
s as alternatives with citation=20
   on RFC 5286.=20
   However,  you are *also* seeking for an ECMP LFA (if available, instead =
of tie breaking and give one
  LFA eventually from the non-bundle).

   Also I didn't fully understand how can one enforce this as one can have =
another equal cost=20
   alternate (non-bundled) path from PE1 to PE2 via P2 or some Px node. It =
seems in this case you are
   looking for all  non-ECMP LFAs to be installed as alternatives?=20

[SLI] You are right.=20


8. Section 3.2.5.5
   "Rather than tagging interface on each node (using link color) to
   identify neighbor node type (as example), it would be helpful if
   routers could be identified in the IGP. "
=20=20=20
    a) After this it completely talks IS-IS language. Probably this should =
be revisited to make it generic or applicable to the other IGP.
    b) Coming to IS-IS, you referred I-D.psarkar-isis-node-admin-tag but th=
e text suggests, its own algorithm to identify the neighbor with=20
       TLV135 and  is not complete in many fronts.=20
=20=20=20=20
 I would suggest revisit this section completely to focus on the point your=
 of "neighbor preference" rather than incomplete IGP details.=20


[SLI] Agree, will fix it

9. Section 4.5
   "4.5.  Deterministic and documents LFA selection behavior"
   The title didn't sound correct.

[SLI] Ok will fix it



--
Uma C.


-----Original Message-----
From: rtgwg [mailto:rtgwg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of internet-drafts@ie=
tf.org
Sent: Wednesday, January 22, 2014 5:02 AM
To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
Cc: rtgwg@ietf.org
Subject: I-D Action: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt


A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Routing Area Working Group Working Group =
of the IETF.

        Title           : Operational management of Loop Free Alternates
        Authors         : Stephane Litkowski
                          Bruno Decraene
                          Clarence Filsfils
                          Kamran Raza
                          Martin Horneffer
                          Pushpasis Sarkar
	Filename        : draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt
	Pages           : 21
	Date            : 2014-01-22

Abstract:
   Loop Free Alternates (LFA), as defined in RFC 5286 is an IP Fast
   ReRoute (IP FRR) mechanism enabling traffic protection for IP traffic
   (and MPLS LDP traffic by extension).  Following first deployment
   experiences, this document provides operational feedback on LFA,
   highlights some limitations, and proposes a set of refinements to
   address those limitations.  It also proposes required management
   specifications.

   This proposal is also applicable to remote LFA solution.



The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability/

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submissio=
n until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/

_______________________________________________
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From stephane.litkowski@orange.com  Tue Jan 28 06:05:57 2014
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From: <stephane.litkowski@orange.com>
To: Maik Pfeil <maik.pfeil@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2014 15:05:48 +0100
Subject: RE: I-D Action: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt
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Hi Maik,

Here is a proposed new text, let me know if it fits your comment :


"Service providers often perform manual link shutdown (using router
   CLI) to perform some network changes/tests.  A manual link shutdown
   may be done at multiple level : physical interface, logical
   interface, IGP interface, BFD session ...  Especially testing or
   troubleshooting FRR requires to perform the manual shutdown on the
   remote end of the link as generally a local shutdown would not
   trigger FRR.

To enhance such situation, an implementation SHOULD
   support triggering/activating LFA Fast Reroute for a given link when
   a manual shutdown is done on a component that currently supports FRR
   activation.

   For example :

   o  if an implementation supports FRR activation upon BFD session down
      event, this implementation SHOULD support FRR activation when a
      manual shutdown is done on the BFD session.  But if an
      implementation does not support FRR activation on BFD session
      down, there is no need for this implementation to support FRR
      activation on manual shutdown of BFD session.

   o  if an implementation supports FRR activation on physical link down
      event (e.g.  Rx laser Off detection, or error threshold raised
      ...), this implementation SHOULD support FRR activation when a
      manual shutdown at physical interface is done.  But if an
      implementation does not support FRR activation on physical link
      down event, there is no need for this implementation to support
      FRR activation on manual physical link shutdown.


"


Stephane


De : rtgwg [mailto:rtgwg-bounces@ietf.org] De la part de Maik Pfeil
Envoy=E9 : mercredi 22 janvier 2014 15:07
Cc : rtgwg@ietf.org
Objet : Re: I-D Action: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt

Hi,

as stated in section 4.2
<snip>

 To enhance such situation, an implementation SHOULD

   support triggering/activating LFA Fast Reroute for a given link when

   a manual shutdown is done.

</snip>





The triggering of a FRR could also happen by BFD in some implementations. T=
he last sentence should be more generalized or even get more details. What =
exactly should a "shutdown" trigger? For e.g. a tx-laser off on local side =
-> triggers LFA on remote side.







// Maik









2014/1/22 <internet-drafts@ietf.org<mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org>>

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Routing Area Working Group Working Group =
of the IETF.

        Title           : Operational management of Loop Free Alternates
        Authors         : Stephane Litkowski
                          Bruno Decraene
                          Clarence Filsfils
                          Kamran Raza
                          Martin Horneffer
                          Pushpasis Sarkar
        Filename        : draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01.txt
        Pages           : 21
        Date            : 2014-01-22

Abstract:
   Loop Free Alternates (LFA), as defined in RFC 5286 is an IP Fast
   ReRoute (IP FRR) mechanism enabling traffic protection for IP traffic
   (and MPLS LDP traffic by extension).  Following first deployment
   experiences, this document provides operational feedback on LFA,
   highlights some limitations, and proposes a set of refinements to
   address those limitations.  It also proposes required management
   specifications.

   This proposal is also applicable to remote LFA solution.



The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability/

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org<http://=
tools.ietf.org>.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/

_______________________________________________
rtgwg mailing list
rtgwg@ietf.org<mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org>
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rtgwg


___________________________________________________________________________=
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<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=3DFR link=3Dblue vlink=
=3Dpurple><div class=3DWordSection1><p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Hi Maik,<o:=
p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;fon=
t-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-fami=
ly:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Here is a proposed new text, let m=
e know if it fits your comment&nbsp;:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNo=
rmal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sa=
ns-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><pre><span lang=3DEN-U=
S style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497=
D'>&#8220;</span><span lang=3DEN-US>Service providers often perform manual =
link shutdown (using router<o:p></o:p></span></pre><p class=3DMsoNormal><sp=
an lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0=
 CLI) to perform some network changes/tests.=A0 A manual link shutdown<o:p>=
</o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size=
:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0 may be done at multiple level : p=
hysical interface, logical<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0 in=
terface, IGP interface, BFD session ...=A0 Especially testing or<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0p=
t;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0 troubleshooting FRR requires to perform=
 the manual shutdown on the<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
 lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0 r=
emote end of the link as generally a local shutdown would not<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;f=
ont-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0 trigger FRR.=A0 <o:p></o:p></span></p><p c=
lass=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"=
Courier New"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=
=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>To enhance su=
ch situation, an implementation SHOULD<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoN=
ormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New=
"'>=A0=A0 support triggering/activating LFA Fast Reroute for a given link w=
hen<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0 a manual shutdown is done=
 on a component that currently supports FRR<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=
=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Cour=
ier New"'>=A0=A0 activation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><spa=
n lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-=
size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0 For example :<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;fon=
t-family:"Courier New"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><s=
pan lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=
=A0 o=A0 if an implementation supports FRR activation upon BFD session down=
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 event, this impleme=
ntation SHOULD support FRR activation when a<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=
=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Cour=
ier New"'>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 manual shutdown is done on the BFD session.=A0 Bu=
t if an<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=
=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 implementat=
ion does not support FRR activation on BFD session<o:p></o:p></span></p><p =
class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:=
"Courier New"'>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 down, there is no need for this implementati=
on to support FRR<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN=
-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 ac=
tivation on manual shutdown of BFD session.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=
=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Cour=
ier New"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-=
US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0 o=A0 if an i=
mplementation supports FRR activation on physical link down<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;fon=
t-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 event (e.g.=A0 Rx laser Off detecti=
on, or error threshold raised<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><sp=
an lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0=
=A0=A0=A0 ...), this implementation SHOULD support FRR activation when a<o:=
p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 manual shutdown at phy=
sical interface is done.=A0 But if an<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNo=
rmal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"=
'>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 implementation does not support FRR activation on physica=
l link<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=
=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 down event,=
 there is no need for this implementation to support<o:p></o:p></span></p><=
p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-famil=
y:"Courier New"'>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 FRR activation on manual physical link shu=
tdown.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=
=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p=
><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-fam=
ily:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p cl=
ass=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"C=
alibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>&#8220;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=
=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cali=
bri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=3DMso=
Normal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","=
sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal=
><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-s=
erif";color:#1F497D'>Stephane<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><sp=
an lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif=
";color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span lan=
g=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";colo=
r:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>De&nbsp;:</span></b=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> rtgwg =
[mailto:rtgwg-bounces@ietf.org] <b>De la part de</b> Maik Pfeil<br><b>Envoy=
=E9&nbsp;:</b> mercredi 22 janvier 2014 15:07<br><b>Cc&nbsp;:</b> rtgwg@iet=
f.org<br><b>Objet&nbsp;:</b> Re: I-D Action: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageabi=
lity-01.txt<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>=
<div><p class=3DMsoNormal>Hi,<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal>as stated in section 4.2<o:=
p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal>&lt;snip&gt;<o:p></o:p></p></di=
v><div><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> To enhance such s=
ituation, an implementation SHOULD<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=
=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>=A0=A0 support triggering/activating LFA =
Fast Reroute for a given link when<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=
=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>=A0=A0 a manual shutdown is done.<o:p></o=
:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>&lt;/snip=
&gt;<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:blac=
k'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color=
:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;=
color:black'>The triggering of a FRR could also happen by BFD in some imple=
mentations. The last sentence should be more generalized or even get more d=
etails. What exactly should a &quot;shutdown&quot; trigger? For e.g. a tx-l=
aser off on local side -&gt; triggers LFA on remote side. <o:p></o:p></span=
></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p><=
/span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</=
o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p>&nb=
sp;</o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>// =
Maik<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:blac=
k'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color=
:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;=
color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pre><pre><span style=3D'font-size:12=
.0pt;color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></pre></div></div><div><p class=
=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p><div><p cl=
ass=3DMsoNormal>2014/1/22 &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org" t=
arget=3D"_blank">internet-drafts@ietf.org</a>&gt;<o:p></o:p></p><p class=3D=
MsoNormal><br>A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-D=
rafts directories.<br>&nbsp;This draft is a work item of the Routing Area W=
orking Group Working Group of the IETF.<br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
Title &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; : Operational management of Loop F=
ree Alternates<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Authors &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; : Stephane Litkowski<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &n=
bsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Bruno Decraene<br>&nbsp; &nb=
sp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp; Clarence Filsfils<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Kamran Raza<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nb=
sp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; M=
artin Horneffer<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Pushpasis Sarkar<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 &nbsp; Filename &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;: draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageab=
ility-01.txt<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Pages &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbs=
p; &nbsp; : 21<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Date &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nb=
sp; &nbsp; &nbsp;: 2014-01-22<br><br>Abstract:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;Loop Free Al=
ternates (LFA), as defined in RFC 5286 is an IP Fast<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;ReRout=
e (IP FRR) mechanism enabling traffic protection for IP traffic<br>&nbsp; &=
nbsp;(and MPLS LDP traffic by extension). &nbsp;Following first deployment<=
br>&nbsp; &nbsp;experiences, this document provides operational feedback on=
 LFA,<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;highlights some limitations, and proposes a set of re=
finements to<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;address those limitations. &nbsp;It also propo=
ses required management<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;specifications.<br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp=
;This proposal is also applicable to remote LFA solution.<br><br><br><br>Th=
e IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:<br><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability/" target=3D"_blank=
">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability/</a><=
br><br>There's also a htmlized version available at:<br><a href=3D"http://t=
ools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01" target=3D"_blank"=
>http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01</a><br><b=
r>A diff from the previous version is available at:<br><a href=3D"http://ww=
w.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability-01" target=3D"=
_blank">http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageabili=
ty-01</a><br><br><br>Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from =
the time of submission<br>until the htmlized version and diff are available=
 at <a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">tools.ietf.org</a>.=
<br><br>Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:<br><a href=
=3D"ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/" target=3D"_blank">ftp://ftp.ietf.o=
rg/internet-drafts/</a><br><br>____________________________________________=
___<br>rtgwg mailing list<br><a href=3D"mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org">rtgwg@ietf.o=
rg</a><br><a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rtgwg" target=3D=
"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rtgwg</a><o:p></o:p></p></di=
v><p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p></div></div><PRE>______________=
___________________________________________________________________________=
________________________________

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Subject: Re: (resend) Re: RtgDir review: draft-ietf-rtgwg-cl-requirement-13
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Curtis,
	The changes in the current rev address most of my comments and the
document is significantly less ambiguous.

I'm still not a big fan of how client and layers are used in the
document, but I think this is in the weeds and we should move on and not
engage, as the draft says, "in long and pointless discussions".

Lou

On 1/25/2014 2:20 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
> Lou,
> 
> I am in the process of submitting a -14 version followed with only the
> changes for the OpsDir review followed by a -15 version with the
> additional changes from your RtgDir review.  Please wait for the -15
> version if you see the -14 and not the -15.
> 
> Curtis
> 
> 
> In message <52D96FFD.1020408@labn.net>
> Lou Berger writes:
>>
>> sounds like a plan!
>>  
>> Lou
>>  
>> On 01/17/2014 12:41 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
>>> In message <52D88F77.5020009@labn.net>
>>> Lou Berger writes:
>>>  
>>>> Curtis,
>>>> 	I'm not sure if we're going around in circles or not, but in either
>>>> case case I think we're getting caught up in the weeds/details.
>>>>  
>>>> >From a high level perspective, my comments have been motivated by trying
>>>> to ensure the requirements are unambiguous -- as documented.  I think
>>>> the text changes that have been agreed to so far (notably the use of the
>>>> capitalized term and introduction of AMG) will help a lot. I think there
>>>> is still one more area that is unclear, but it's also possible that
>>>> we're arguing about text that you are planning to change.
>>>>  
>>>> Do you have a version that captures all the changes to date that you can
>>>> distribute (or submit, as you choose)?  Perhaps looking at this version
>>>> we'll find that the ambiguity is resolved or is sufficiently narrowed to
>>>> not be significant.  Either way, the discussion can then continue from
>>>> the most current text.
>>>>  
>>>> Thanks,
>>>> Lou
>>>
>>>
>>> Lou,
>>>
>>> I was going to suggest the same (if I understand your suggestion) -
>>> that is that a new draft be submitted and you (and others) can review
>>> and see if clarity has been sufficiently improved or if there are
>>> still issues with clarity.
>>>
>>> If that is OK with you and compatible with this process I will make
>>> two draft submissions back to back.  One with just the OpsDir review
>>> comments addressed and a second with your comments so far addressed.
>>> IMHO it would be easier to discuss the clarity (or lack of) of the
>>> wording once changes have been made particularly since there are a few
>>> s/old/new/g terminology suggestions in the email thread.
>>>
>>> Curtis
>>>
>>>
>>>> On 1/15/2014 7:00 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
>>>>> In message <52D02F67.9070604@labn.net>
>>>>> Lou Berger writes:
>>>>>  
>>>>>> Curtis,
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> I think we have one disconnect (and corresponding related text) that we
>>>>>> need to resolve before we can be close the discussion. See below for
>>>>>> details..
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> On 1/8/2014 11:33 PM, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
>>>>>>> Converging.  But maybe one more round trip needed.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> In message <52CD9D58.4010109@labn.net>
>>>>>>> Lou Berger writes:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> ...
>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>>>>>> 2. Editorial: server and client layer vs upper and lower layer.
>>>>>>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>>>>>> The document uses server and client layer networks and LSPs and,
>>>>>>>>>>>> sometimes interchangeably or redundantly, upper and lower layer networks
>>>>>>>>>>>> and LSPs.  I think this issue can be resolved by avoiding the term
>>>>>>>>>>>> client/server when referring to network layers and just using the
>>>>>>>>>>>> lower/upper terminology.  The one exception to this is in the definition
>>>>>>>>>>>> Client LSP which should simply be defined in the context of a multipath,
>>>>>>>>>>>> i.e.:
>>>>>>>>>>>> OLD
>>>>>>>>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>>>>>>>>>>>> NEW
>>>>>>>>>>>> A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over Advanced Multipath.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> A client LSP can be set up over a server layer MPLS-TP LSP or any
>>>>>>>>>>> server layer MPLS LSP or over a link layer or over a pseudowire ... or
>>>>>>>>>>> over an advanced multipath.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>>>> Would you accept s/server layer/lower layer/g?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The definition of server layer is not the same as the definition of
>>>>>>>>> lower layer.  See below.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> I think this also means that usage of the term "Client" is limited to
>>>>>>>>>>>> "Client LSP".
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> I searched for all occurances of the word client.  All occurances are
>>>>>>>>> />> "client LSP" excexpt the phrase "client of a client LSP" and that is
>>>>>>>>>>> used only in the following paragraph.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>    The ingress and egress of a multipath may be midpoint LSRs with
>>>>>>>>>>>    respect to a given client LSP.  A midpoint LSR does not participate
>>>>>>>>>>>    in the signaling of any clients of the client LSP.  Therefore, in
>>>>>>>>>>>    general, multipath endpoints cannot determine requirements of clients
>>>>>>>>>>>    of a client LSP through participation in the signaling of the clients
>>>>>>>>>>>    of the client LSP.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> THe point is that "A midpoint LSR does not participate in the
>>>>>>>>>>> signaling of any clients of the client LSP" and that non-participation
>>>>>>>>>>> in client (or higher layer) signaling applies to any "client of a
>>>>>>>>>>> client LSP", not just other LSP running over it.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> I then searched for all occurances of the words upper and lower and
>>>>>>>>>>> higher.  There are no occurances of "upper".
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> There were a few occurances of "lower latency" and "higher latency".
>>>>>>>>>>> Other than that, all occurances of lower and higher except one are in
>>>>>>>>>>> the follwoing text:
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>  3.2.  Component Links Provided by Lower Layer Networks
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>    A component link may be supported by a lower layer network.  For
>>>>>>>>>>>    example, the lower layer may be a circuit switched network or another
>>>>>>>>>>>    MPLS network (e.g., MPLS-TP)).  The lower layer network may change
>>>>>>>>>>>    the latency (and/or other performance parameters) seen by the client
>>>>>>>>>>>    layer.  Currently, there is no protocol for the lower layer network
>>>>>>>>>>>    to inform the higher layer network of a change in a performance
>>>>>>>>>>>    parameter.  Communication of the latency performance parameter is a
>>>>>>>>>>>    very important requirement.  Communication of other performance
>>>>>>>>>>>    parameters (e.g., delay variation) is desirable.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>    FR#8  The solution SHALL specify a protocol means to allow a lower
>>>>>>>>>>>        layer server network to communicate latency to the higher layer
>>>>>>>>>>>        client network.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> The exception is this sentence:
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>      FR#22 The solution SHOULD support the use case where an advanced
>>>>>>>>>>>        multipath itself is a component link for a higher order advanced
>>>>>>>>>>>        multipath.  For example, an advanced multipath comprised of MPLS-
>>>>>>>>>>>        TP bi-directional tunnels viewed as logical links could then be
>>>>>>>>>>>        used as a component link in yet another advanced multipath that
>>>>>>>>>>>        connects MPLS routers.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> The terms lower layer and higher layer go all the way back to the ISO
>>>>>>>>>>> seven layer model of ancient times (1970s?, 1980s?) and maybe further
>>>>>>>>>>> back but that is before even my time.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
>>>>>>>>>>> definitions:
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>    Higher Layers
>>>>>>>>>>>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
>>>>>>>>>>>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>    Lower Layers
>>>>>>>>>>>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
>>>>>>>>>>>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
>>>>>>>>>>> it is necessary, I will add it.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Perhaps we've talked (okay written) past each other.  I was suggesting
>>>>>>>>>> using/keeping the "higher and lower layer" terminology, not dropping it.
>>>>>>>>>> And to use it (consistently) in place of "client and server Layer".
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I guess you missed the distinction in the definition above:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>   For layer X layer Y is:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>     client layer   ===   Y = X+1
>>>>>>>>>     server layer   ===   Y = X-1
>>>>>>>>>     higher layer   ===   Y > X
>>>>>>>>>     lower layer    ===   Y < X
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> So the definition client layer is not the same as the definition of
>>>>>>>>> higher layer.  The definition of server layer is not the same as the
>>>>>>>>> definition of lower layer.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> In some discussions we really do mean "the server layer" and not any
>>>>>>>>> layer at any arbitrary depth below this one.
>>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>> I read your usage of client/server layer to be synonymous with
>>>>>>>> higher/lower layer, i.e. -+ 1.  Otherwise I'm not sure how to make sense
>>>>>>>> of FR#8 (I think you really mean client layer not lower layer.)
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> FR#8 and FR#9 are about the server layer telling the client layer
>>>>>>> about the delays that can be expected.  There is a little redundancy
>>>>>>> here so s/ower layer server network/server network/ and
>>>>>>> s/higher layer client network/client network/.  No plans to skip
>>>>>>> layers.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> I think we need to hit the points below before this one...
>>>>>
>>>>> OK.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Given the current document usage, I still think it makes sense to
>>>>>>>> eliminate the two instances of "client layer":  How about the following:
>>>>>>>> OLD
>>>>>>>>    Client LSP
>>>>>>>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>>>>>>>>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
>>>>>>>>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
>>>>>>>>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
>>>>>>>>        component links of that multipath.
>>>>>>>> NEW
>>>>>>>>    Client LSP
>>>>>>>>        A client LSP is a LSP which
>>>>>>>>        has been set up over Advanced Multipath as opposed to an LSP
>>>>>>>>        representing the Advanced Multipath itself or any LSP that is
>>>>>>>>        part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Nope.  In general, a client LSP can be set up over a plain old
>>>>>>> Ethernet on a given hop, therefore the second definition is too
>>>>>>> narrow with this change.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> humm, you didn't have that in your OLD text.  In fact, the old text
>>>>>> reads to me that an Advanced Multipath (solution?) logically sits
>>>>>> between a client LSP and an underlying server layer in all cases.
>>>>>
>>>>> The "OLD" was a quote from you and it was the original text in -13.  I
>>>>> said "Nope. ..." to your suggested change to it in this way.
>>>>>
>>>>> Earlier
>>>>> (http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/rtgwg/current/msg04274.html) I
>>>>> had suggested the following change:
>>>>>
>>>>>   I don't think this is unclear but I could add the following in
>>>>>   definitions:
>>>>>
>>>>>    Higher Layers
>>>>>       A client layer is the one immediately above a server layer.  The
>>>>>       client layer and all layers above that layer are higher layers.
>>>>>
>>>>>    Lower Layers
>>>>>       A server layer is the later immediately below a client laer.
>>>>>       The server layer and all layers below are lower layers.
>>>>>
>>>>>   Do I really need to put this in the definitions section?  If yoy think
>>>>>   it is necessary, I will add it.
>>>>>
>>>>> You will find this in the quoted text above.
>>>>>
>>>>> The definition of client LSP does not imply that Advanced Multipath is
>>>>> a layer.  This also used lower case "multipath" which we can replace
>>>>> with AMG.  There is no LAG layer in a network in with MPLS runs over
>>>>> Ethernet and some of the Ethernets use Link Aggregation.
>>>>>
>>>>>> So the model I see defined by the text has the following layers
>>>>>>  
>>>>>>    Client LSP (layer)
>>>>>>    ----------
>>>>>>    Advanced Multipath (layer/solution/construct)
>>>>>>    ----------
>>>>>>    Server Layer (composed of AMGs which are LSPs and/or links)
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> Is this aligned with your intent?  If not, can you explain the
>>>>>> relationship you see for Advanced Multipath Client LSPs and Advanced
>>>>>> Multipath AMGs?
>>>>>
>>>>> You imaginged this model and are trying to constrain the text to fit
>>>>> into it..
>>>>>
>>>>> Consider these examples of client layer and server layer.
>>>>>
>>>>>   plain old rfc-4206
>>>>>
>>>>>     LSP-1 (PSC-0) = client of LSP-2
>>>>>     LSP-2 (PSC-1) = server of LSP-1
>>>>>
>>>>>   LSP over Ethernet over PW over MPLS
>>>>>
>>>>>     LSP-1 = client of Ethernet
>>>>>     Ethernet = server of LSP-1, client of PW
>>>>>     PW = server of Ethernet, client of LSP-2
>>>>>     LSP-2 = server of PW
>>>>>
>>>>> There is then the question of whether Advanced Multipath is a layer or
>>>>> a set of techniques that can be applied at a given layer.  Example
>>>>> potential config language:
>>>>>
>>>>>   mple {
>>>>>     tunnel x1 {
>>>>>       type multipath {
>>>>>         component tunnel x2;
>>>>> 	component tunnel x3;
>>>>> 	[...]
>>>>> 	component intf i1;
>>>>> 	component intf i2;
>>>>> 	[...]
>>>>>       }
>>>>>       [...]
>>>>>     }
>>>>>     [...]
>>>>>   }
>>>>>
>>>>> No distinct layer above.
>>>>>
>>>>> An alternate:
>>>>>
>>>>>   mple {
>>>>>     tunnel x1 {
>>>>>       [...]
>>>>>     }
>>>>>     [...]
>>>>>   }
>>>>>
>>>>>   interface amg1;
>>>>>       type multipath {
>>>>>         component tunnel x2;
>>>>> 	component tunnel x3;
>>>>> 	[...]
>>>>> 	component intf i1;
>>>>> 	component intf i2;
>>>>> 	[...]
>>>>>       }
>>>>>       [...]
>>>>>     }
>>>>>     [...]
>>>>>   }
>>>>>
>>>>> In the former example, the tunnel x1 is forced to use a specific set
>>>>> of component links and apply multipath techniques to it.
>>>>>
>>>>> In the latter example, if tunnel x1 happen to find that interface amg1
>>>>> was the lowest cost or otherwise preferred way to get to its
>>>>> destination it makes use of amg1 and if so inherits the use of the
>>>>> multipath techniques.
>>>>>
>>>>> There is no distinct multipath encapsulation at the date layer so some
>>>>> might argue that even in the second case there is no distinct layer,
>>>>> just a configuration convenience.
>>>>>
>>>>> Claiming that Advanced Multipath is of itself a layer may get us into
>>>>> a bigger can of worms.
>>>>>
>>>>> For example in today's ECMP, the next hop consists of multiple
>>>>> interfaces.  ECMP is not considered a layer between IP and those
>>>>> interfaces.  Link bundle is also not considered a layer.
>>>>>
>>>>> In the document we have not claimed that Advanced Multipath is a type
>>>>> of layer and we have not claimed that Advanced Multipath is not a type
>>>>> of layer.  Either way we would get someone arguing that the opposite
>>>>> was true.  [Some individuals it seems would pick the opposite of
>>>>> whatever we picked just because they like to argue about layering.]
>>>>>
>>>>> Need I remind you of the painfully long and mostly pointless arguments
>>>>> in MPLS during the early MPLS-TP work about whether an MPLS LSP
>>>>> carried within another hierarchical MPLS LSP was a layer or a
>>>>> sub-layer.  We don't want to repeat that and the best way to do so is
>>>>> to not make any statement about whether Advanced Multipath is a layer
>>>>> or a sub-layer or a layering NOOP.
>>>>>
>>>>> Which of the above is the "right" way to do things may be at most a
>>>>> framework issue but may not come up until management plane entities
>>>>> are defined.  It is certainly not a topic for a requirements document
>>>>> because it is deep into the "how it gets done".
>>>>>
>>>>>>>> and
>>>>>>>> OLD
>>>>>>>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
>>>>>>>>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
>>>>>>>>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by sets
>>>>>>>>    of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP.
>>>>>>>> NEW
>>>>>>>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with different
>>>>>>>>    characteristics regardless as to whether those component links are
>>>>>>>>    provided by parallel physical links between nodes or provided by
>>>>>>>>    LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> What about PW?  Those are paths too by the definition of paths, so
>>>>>>> again, this change makes the definition too narrow.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> PWs weren't mentioned in your OLD text, so I didn't add them.  I also
>>>>>> have no objections to adding them.
>>>>>
>>>>> Actually the text you wrote is incorrect.  "The above requirement
>>>>> applies to component links" can include physical links and server
>>>>> layer LSP but adding that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group is
>>>>> incorrect.
>>>>>
>>>>> I'm not sure but I think this instance of "server layer" was added to
>>>>> that LSP wording because you were confused on last review about client
>>>>> LSP vs LSP over which Advanced Multipath was applied so I went around
>>>>> changing everything to "client LSP" or "server layer LSP" to make it
>>>>> more clear to you.  You now seem to be stuck on the wording that is
>>>>> essentially saying "any type of component link" including "server
>>>>> layer LSP".
>>>>>
>>>>>> The only change I made was
>>>>>> s/sets of paths across a network provided by server layer LSP./
>>>>>>  LSPs that are part of an Advanced Multipath Group.
>>>>>
>>>>> And that change was wrong.  A more correct change would be
>>>>>
>>>>> s/provided by server layer LSP/including paths provided by server
>>>>> layer LSP/
>>>>>
>>>>> That would include any sort of path across the network.  PW could be
>>>>> considered an emulated physcial link or another usable type of path
>>>>> across the network.
>>>>>
>>>>> The "above set of requirements" in this case have to do with passing
>>>>> down requirements for min latency, bounded latency, and bounded
>>>>> jitter.  The original paragraph is:
>>>>>
>>>>>    The above set of requirements apply to component links with
>>>>>    different characteristics regardless as to whether those component
>>>>>    links are provided by parallel physical links between nodes or
>>>>>    provided by sets of paths across a network provided by server layer
>>>>>    LSP.
>>>>>
>>>>> The intent is "The above set of requirements apply to component links"
>>>>> followed by "regardless of what type of component links they are"
>>>>> where we had disccssed two types being an interface or emulated
>>>>> interface (or virtual interface in some major vendor terms) or an LSP
>>>>> (which is also a virtual interface in some major vendor terms).
>>>>>
>>>>> I don't understand how you can get so hung up on the wording of what
>>>>> is intended to convey "regardless of what type of component links they
>>>>> are".  This has always been clear to the WG.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The word "indicate" is independent of the method of getting the
>>>>>>>>> information there.  But yes in the example given the IGP advertisement
>>>>>>>>> and MPLS LSP signaling that might be one such mechanism does refer to
>>>>>>>>> the IGP and RSVP-TE MPLS/GMPLS that we all are familiar with.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> If client and server LSP are PSC-3 and PSC-4 in MPLS hierarchy there
>>>>>>>>> is only one IGP flooding information for both client and server layer,
>>>>>>>>> hence the seemingly endless (and mostly pointless) discussion of
>>>>>>>>> sub-layer vs layer from certain ITU people in the MPLS WG mailing list
>>>>>>>>> who viewed MPLS as broken for not enforcing a strict layering in this
>>>>>>>>> regard.  But we need not go into that level of detail in this example
>>>>>>>>> of how independent of mechanism the "indicate" is and down that years
>>>>>>>>> old MPLS WG terminology rat hole again.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> My comment is that you need to be clear to which layer a requirement
>>>>>>>> applies.  Is it the server layer, the client layer  or the Advanced
>>>>>>>> Multipath layer?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> In each of the requirements you cited it is very clear that the client
>>>>>>> later is communicating a requirement to the server layer, but if you'd
>>>>>>> like I can reword to make that even more clear by rewording of the
>>>>>>> form "SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate the
>>>>>>> requirements of a client LSP [regarding X]", where X is minimize
>>>>>>> latency (FR#10), bound latency (FR#11), bound jitter (FR#12), specific
>>>>>>> component link (FR#13), bidirection co-routed (FR#14), no reordering
>>>>>>> (FR#15), bounded frequency of rebalance (FR#20).
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> Okay, I think this will/may help.  My comment goes back to the model I
>>>>>> was asking about above.  And to which part of the puzzle the requirement
>>>>>> applies.
>>>>>
>>>>> In some of the above requirements client layer communicated to the
>>>>> server layer, whatever the server layer is.  Means of communication
>>>>> presumed to be RSVP-TE but we can't say that until the framework and
>>>>> same capability needs to be available to management plane.
>>>>>
>>>>> In some of the above requirements server layer communicates to the
>>>>> client layer.  Means of communication is presumed to be IGP
>>>>> extensions, again with same capability available to management plane.
>>>>>
>>>>> There is no distinct Advanced Multipath layer in control plane or data
>>>>> plane.  And if there was a distinct control plane layer it would be
>>>>> defined in a framework, not a requirements document.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> It would be trivial to make this FR#1 and renumber the rest.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>>>> I don't think the FR helped clarify the above question.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The choice of the word "indicate" in FR10-13, FR14, FR15 does not
>>>>>>>>> imply usage by a specific layer.  That is a direct answer to your
>>>>>>>>> question.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> In all of these specific cases, the the client layer is passing a
>>>>>>>>> requirement to the server layer so in the IGP + RSVP-TE world that
>>>>>>>>> would be a function of RSVP-TE.  In the absense of control plane, it
>>>>>>>>> would have to be done through management plane interaction where the
>>>>>>>>> client indicates requirements of an LSP and the server layer is free
>>>>>>>>> to figure out how to meet those requirements.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Do you want me to add the clarification on the use of the word
>>>>>>>>> "indicate" or not?
>>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>> I think you need to be clear that the requirement applies to all three
>>>>>>>> layers.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> There are no distinct three layers.  You are imagining a model that is
>>>>>>> not used in this document so please don't impose model on our document.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> Well your old definition of Client LSP said that it was a client of
>>>>>> "multipath" and else where you say that "multipath" operates over a
>>>>>> server layer.  As mentioned above, this sounds like three layers to me.
>>>>>>  If this is not your intent, I think you need to make it clear (through
>>>>>> revised text) what model you do intend.
>>>>>
>>>>> This is the current text in -13:
>>>>>
>>>>>    Client LSP
>>>>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>>>>>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
>>>>>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
>>>>>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
>>>>>        component links of that multipath.
>>>>>
>>>>> The text is trying to clarify what a "client LSP" is in the first
>>>>> sentence and then trying to give two cases of what a client LSP is
>>>>> not.  This clarification was specifically added *for you* in the last
>>>>> iteration.
>>>>>
>>>>> There was no intention to imply that Advanced Multipath is or is not
>>>>> in of itself a type of layer.  If you are getting that notion from
>>>>> this text, then we need to change it.
>>>>>
>>>>>   OLD:
>>>>>
>>>>>    Client LSP
>>>>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a server layer.
>>>>>        In the context of this discussion, a client LSP is a LSP which
>>>>>        has been set up over a multipath as opposed to an LSP
>>>>>        representing the multipath itself or any LSP supporting a
>>>>>        component links of that multipath.
>>>>>
>>>>>   NEW:
>>>>>
>>>>>    Client LSP
>>>>>
>>>>>        A client LSP is an LSP which has been set up over a set of one
>>>>>        or more lower layers.  In the context of this discussion, one
>>>>>        type of client LSP is a LSP which has been set up over an AMG.
>>>>>
>>>>> We could also add a clarification to the definitions section that
>>>>> states:
>>>>>
>>>>>    This document makes no statement on whether Advanced Multipath is
>>>>>    itself a layer or whether an instance of AMG is itself a layer.
>>>>>    This is to avoid engaging in long and pointless discussions about
>>>>>    what consistitutes a proper layer.
>>>>>
>>>>> I would *really* like to add the above statement.
>>>>>
>>>>>>> In your sentence above I have no idea what "the requirement" refers to.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> In summary:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> We were discussing why the word "indicate" was used to avoid requiring
>>>>>>> specific mechanisms for information passing and I asked if I should
>>>>>>> add the following.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>    FR#0  In requirements that follow in this document the word
>>>>>>>       "indicate" is used where information may be provided by either
>>>>>>>       the combination of link state IGP advertisement and MPLS LSP
>>>>>>>       signaling or via management plane protocols.  In later documents
>>>>>>>       providing framework and protocol definitions both signaling and
>>>>>>>       management plane mechanisms MUST be defined.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Information is two way.  The requirements you cited were all worded in
>>>>>>> the form "The solution SHALL provide a means to indicate that a client
>>>>>>> LSP will ...".  So far I have offerred to reword this to the form "The
>>>>>>> solution SHALL provide a means for the client layer to indicate a
>>>>>>> requirement that a client LSP will ..." (ie: get minimum latency, get
>>>>>>> bound latency, etc).
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Is adding FR#0 OK?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Do you want this sort of rewording to make it more explicit that the
>>>>>>> client layer is communication a requirement for a specific client LSP?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> I think we need to come back to this once we resolve the "model" topic.
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> ...
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> Thanks,
>>>>>> Lou
>>>>>
>>>>> I hope it is resolved.
>>>>>
>>>>> Curtis
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 

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Subject: rtgwg scheduled Mon 13:00-15:00 (prelim agenda)
From: Alia Atlas <akatlas@gmail.com>
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Just a quick heads up that rtgwg will be Mon afternoon.

Alia

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<div dir="ltr">Just a quick heads up that rtgwg will be Mon afternoon.<div><br></div><div>Alia</div></div>

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