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From asamblea29082008@gmail.com  Sun Sep  7 18:02:21 2008
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Subject: COMPUTADORA ATHLON $1049
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CEL: 15-3197-5821

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Consulte por otras configuracion y otros productos, monitores LCD, notebooks, etc



From asamblea29082008@gmail.com  Sun Sep  7 18:03:31 2008
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Subject: COMPUTADORA ATHLON $1049
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COMPUTADORAS con 1 AÑO DE GARANTIA ENTREGA EN LOCAL EN LA ZONA DE CABALLITO - CAPITAL FEDERAL
ENVIOS AL INTERIOR, PAGO CON TARJETA DE CREDITO DE MANERA TELEFONICA
CREDITOS PERSONALES HASTA EN 36 CUOTAS
FACTURA A o B
EMail: asamblea29082008@gmail.com
CEL: 15-3197-5821

-Modelo: ATHLON FIRE
-Procesador: AMD ATHLON 64 DUAL CORE 5000+ Socket AM2 BOX
-Motherboard: MSI K9N6GM-V chipset nVidia nForce 430
-Memoria: 1GB DDR2 667
-Placa de video: nVIDIA GeForce 6100GS 256MB
-Disco rígido: 80 GB SATA2
-Medio optico: ReGrabadora  de DVD  PHILIPS 20X
-Placa de red: 10/100 on board
-Placa de sonido: 8 canales
-Puertos: 2USB frontales + 4USB traseros
-Gabinete: KIT CIRKUIT PLANET 1305
-Teclado multimedia, Mouse optico, Parlantes y Diskettera 3 ½.
-Garantia 12 meses
-Sistema operativo instalado y funcionando FULL, todos los programa y utilidades
-PRECIO $1049

Consulte por otras configuracion y otros productos, monitores LCD, notebooks, etc



From z.maqbool@hasnain.biz  Tue Sep  9 17:45:43 2008
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From asamblea04092008@gmail.com  Thu Sep 11 04:59:28 2008
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To:	"dell" <asamblea04092008@gmail.com>
From:	"asamblea04092008@gmail.com" <asamblea04092008@gmail.com>
Subject: NOTEBOOK DELL INSPIRON CORE 2 DUO 5550 1GB memoria 120GB disco rigido
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EMail: asamblea04092008@gmail.com
CEL: 15-3197-5821
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From asamblea04092008@gmail.com  Thu Sep 11 05:22:10 2008
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From karoline.malmkjaer@tietoenator.com  Thu Sep 18 04:43:06 2008
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Hello list.

I have a question about zero window probing and error counters.

RFC4960 states that:

      If the sender continues to receive new packets from the receiver
      while doing zero window probing, the unacknowledged window probes
      should not increment the error counter for the association or any
      destination transport address.

I assume that this implies that if *no* packets have been received
from peer between the time the probe was sent and the time the
timer goes off, then the error counters should be incremented?

But if that is the case, when does the error counter get cleared?
The SACK replying to the probe does not acknowledge the probe,
it is just a dup-ack, so that would not clear any counters?

  Thanks for any replies!
     Karoline

--
Karoline Malmkjær, Software Developer
TietoEnator A/S, IP Solutions
www.tietoenator.com


From Michael.Tuexen@micmac.franken.de  Fri Sep 19 01:13:19 2008
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Subject: Re: SCTP zero window probes
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Hi Karoline,

my understanding is the following.
Assume that the sender has sent up to N and the receiver has
acknowledged all TSNs up to N - 1 and announces a zero window.

So the sender sends TSN N and gets back a SACK with cumack N-1.
Then you should not increment the error count... This sequence
can go forever. However, in FreeBSD we transmit each TSN only
a limited number of times and would finally fail the association
(we would call the chunk, the unlucky one...)

Hope that helps.
Best regards
Michael

On Sep 18, 2008, at 1:35 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:

> Hello list.
>
> I have a question about zero window probing and error counters.
>
> RFC4960 states that:
>
>     If the sender continues to receive new packets from the receiver
>     while doing zero window probing, the unacknowledged window probes
>     should not increment the error counter for the association or any
>     destination transport address.
>
> I assume that this implies that if *no* packets have been received
> from peer between the time the probe was sent and the time the
> timer goes off, then the error counters should be incremented?
>
> But if that is the case, when does the error counter get cleared?
> The SACK replying to the probe does not acknowledge the probe,
> it is just a dup-ack, so that would not clear any counters?
>
> Thanks for any replies!
>    Karoline
>
> --
> Karoline Malmkjær, Software Developer
> TietoEnator A/S, IP Solutions
> www.tietoenator.com
>




From karoline.malmkjaer@tietoenator.com  Fri Sep 19 01:45:10 2008
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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Karoline_Malmkj=E6r?=
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To: Michael Tuexen <Michael.Tuexen@micmac.franken.de>
CC: sctp-impl@external.cisco.com
Subject: Re: SCTP zero window probes
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    <6534BD78-2EBA-4377-9640-9DA5F1BBBC61@micmac.franken.de>
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Hi Michael.

Thanks for the reply.

I understand that the error count should not be
incremented when the SACK arrives.  But suppose
the link drops some packets, say one out of 10.
Then the error count would be incremented every
time a packet is lost.  Will these errors ever be
cleared, or will the association eventually die?

Best regards,
  Karoline

Michael Tuexen wrote:
> Hi Karoline,
>
> my understanding is the following.
> Assume that the sender has sent up to N and the receiver has
> acknowledged all TSNs up to N - 1 and announces a zero window.
>
> So the sender sends TSN N and gets back a SACK with cumack N-1.
> Then you should not increment the error count... This sequence
> can go forever. However, in FreeBSD we transmit each TSN only
> a limited number of times and would finally fail the association
> (we would call the chunk, the unlucky one...)
>
> Hope that helps.
> Best regards
> Michael
>
> On Sep 18, 2008, at 1:35 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>
>> Hello list.
>>
>> I have a question about zero window probing and error counters.
>>
>> RFC4960 states that:
>>
>>     If the sender continues to receive new packets from the receiver
>>     while doing zero window probing, the unacknowledged window probes
>>     should not increment the error counter for the association or any
>>     destination transport address.
>>
>> I assume that this implies that if *no* packets have been received
>> from peer between the time the probe was sent and the time the
>> timer goes off, then the error counters should be incremented?
>>
>> But if that is the case, when does the error counter get cleared?
>> The SACK replying to the probe does not acknowledge the probe,
>> it is just a dup-ack, so that would not clear any counters?
>>
>> Thanks for any replies!
>>    Karoline
>>
>> -- 
>> Karoline Malmkjær, Software Developer
>> TietoEnator A/S, IP Solutions
>> www.tietoenator.com
>>
>



From vladislav.yasevich@hp.com  Fri Sep 19 06:55:19 2008
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CC: Michael Tuexen <Michael.Tuexen@micmac.franken.de>,
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Subject: Re: SCTP zero window probes
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Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
> Hi Michael.
> 
> Thanks for the reply.
> 
> I understand that the error count should not be
> incremented when the SACK arrives.  But suppose
> the link drops some packets, say one out of 10.
> Then the error count would be incremented every
> time a packet is lost.  Will these errors ever be
> cleared, or will the association eventually die?

Are you asking this in the context of 0-window probes?
What I mean is the the loss of some number of TSNs caused
a 0-window situation on the receiver?

In that case, the error counter is incremented every time a
retransmission timer fires.  However, when the retransmission
happens and the tsn gets through, the receiver will renege
and advance the cumulative tsn in it's SACK.  That action
will clear the error counter on the send side.

-vlad

> 
> Best regards,
>  Karoline
> 
> Michael Tuexen wrote:
>> Hi Karoline,
>>
>> my understanding is the following.
>> Assume that the sender has sent up to N and the receiver has
>> acknowledged all TSNs up to N - 1 and announces a zero window.
>>
>> So the sender sends TSN N and gets back a SACK with cumack N-1.
>> Then you should not increment the error count... This sequence
>> can go forever. However, in FreeBSD we transmit each TSN only
>> a limited number of times and would finally fail the association
>> (we would call the chunk, the unlucky one...)
>>
>> Hope that helps.
>> Best regards
>> Michael
>>
>> On Sep 18, 2008, at 1:35 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>
>>> Hello list.
>>>
>>> I have a question about zero window probing and error counters.
>>>
>>> RFC4960 states that:
>>>
>>>     If the sender continues to receive new packets from the receiver
>>>     while doing zero window probing, the unacknowledged window probes
>>>     should not increment the error counter for the association or any
>>>     destination transport address.
>>>
>>> I assume that this implies that if *no* packets have been received
>>> from peer between the time the probe was sent and the time the
>>> timer goes off, then the error counters should be incremented?
>>>
>>> But if that is the case, when does the error counter get cleared?
>>> The SACK replying to the probe does not acknowledge the probe,
>>> it is just a dup-ack, so that would not clear any counters?
>>>
>>> Thanks for any replies!
>>>    Karoline
>>>
>>> -- 
>>> Karoline Malmkjær, Software Developer
>>> TietoEnator A/S, IP Solutions
>>> www.tietoenator.com
>>>
>>
> 



From karoline.malmkjaer@tietoenator.com  Fri Sep 19 07:17:58 2008
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Subject: Re: SCTP zero window probes
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Vlad Yasevich wrote:
> Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>   
>> Hi Michael.
>>
>> Thanks for the reply.
>>
>> I understand that the error count should not be
>> incremented when the SACK arrives.  But suppose
>> the link drops some packets, say one out of 10.
>> Then the error count would be incremented every
>> time a packet is lost.  Will these errors ever be
>> cleared, or will the association eventually die?
>>     
>
> Are you asking this in the context of 0-window probes?
> What I mean is the the loss of some number of TSNs caused
> a 0-window situation on the receiver?
>
> In that case, the error counter is incremented every time a
> retransmission timer fires.  However, when the retransmission
> happens and the tsn gets through, the receiver will renege
> and advance the cumulative tsn in it's SACK.  That action
> will clear the error counter on the send side.
>
> -vlad
>
>   

Not really.  I'm asking in the context of zero window
probing because the peer application has stopped reading.
Peer will never SACK the probe (at least not until
tomorrow, because someone pressed ^Z in his console and
left the building).

If SCTP sends a zero window probe above the window (with
TSN=N) and peer replies with a SACK (with c-ack=N-1), no
error counters are increased, that much is clear.

If SCTP sends a window probe and receives no packets
from peer, I assume the error counters are increased.  If
this happens 10 times in a row, the association times out.

The question is: if SCTP sends 20 window probes (TSN=N)
and receives 10 SACKs (c-ack=N-1), one for every second
probe, will the association then time out?

And if not, when are the counters cleared?

It would be nice if the SACKs could do it, but as far as
I can see, the RFC does not allow this, as the incoming
SACKs are duplicates, they do not ack any data.

Thanks!
  Karoline
>> Best regards,
>>  Karoline
>>
>> Michael Tuexen wrote:
>>     
>>> Hi Karoline,
>>>
>>> my understanding is the following.
>>> Assume that the sender has sent up to N and the receiver has
>>> acknowledged all TSNs up to N - 1 and announces a zero window.
>>>
>>> So the sender sends TSN N and gets back a SACK with cumack N-1.
>>> Then you should not increment the error count... This sequence
>>> can go forever. However, in FreeBSD we transmit each TSN only
>>> a limited number of times and would finally fail the association
>>> (we would call the chunk, the unlucky one...)
>>>
>>> Hope that helps.
>>> Best regards
>>> Michael
>>>
>>> On Sep 18, 2008, at 1:35 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>>
>>>       
>>>> Hello list.
>>>>
>>>> I have a question about zero window probing and error counters.
>>>>
>>>> RFC4960 states that:
>>>>
>>>>     If the sender continues to receive new packets from the receiver
>>>>     while doing zero window probing, the unacknowledged window probes
>>>>     should not increment the error counter for the association or any
>>>>     destination transport address.
>>>>
>>>> I assume that this implies that if *no* packets have been received
>>>> from peer between the time the probe was sent and the time the
>>>> timer goes off, then the error counters should be incremented?
>>>>
>>>> But if that is the case, when does the error counter get cleared?
>>>> The SACK replying to the probe does not acknowledge the probe,
>>>> it is just a dup-ack, so that would not clear any counters?
>>>>
>>>> Thanks for any replies!
>>>>    Karoline
>>>>
>>>> -- 
>>>> Karoline Malmkjær, Software Developer
>>>> TietoEnator A/S, IP Solutions
>>>> www.tietoenator.com
>>>>
>>>>         
>
>   



From vladislav.yasevich@hp.com  Fri Sep 19 07:53:01 2008
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To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Karoline_Malmkj=E6r?= <karoline.malmkjaer@tietoenator.com>
CC: sctp-impl@external.cisco.com
Subject: Re: SCTP zero window probes
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Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
> Vlad Yasevich wrote:
>> Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>  
>>> Hi Michael.
>>>
>>> Thanks for the reply.
>>>
>>> I understand that the error count should not be
>>> incremented when the SACK arrives.  But suppose
>>> the link drops some packets, say one out of 10.
>>> Then the error count would be incremented every
>>> time a packet is lost.  Will these errors ever be
>>> cleared, or will the association eventually die?
>>>     
>>
>> Are you asking this in the context of 0-window probes?
>> What I mean is the the loss of some number of TSNs caused
>> a 0-window situation on the receiver?
>>
>> In that case, the error counter is incremented every time a
>> retransmission timer fires.  However, when the retransmission
>> happens and the tsn gets through, the receiver will renege
>> and advance the cumulative tsn in it's SACK.  That action
>> will clear the error counter on the send side.
>>
>> -vlad
>>
>>   
> 
> Not really.  I'm asking in the context of zero window
> probing because the peer application has stopped reading.
> Peer will never SACK the probe (at least not until
> tomorrow, because someone pressed ^Z in his console and
> left the building).
> 
> If SCTP sends a zero window probe above the window (with
> TSN=N) and peer replies with a SACK (with c-ack=N-1), no
> error counters are increased, that much is clear.
> 
> If SCTP sends a window probe and receives no packets
> from peer, I assume the error counters are increased.  If
> this happens 10 times in a row, the association times out.
> 
> The question is: if SCTP sends 20 window probes (TSN=N)
> and receives 10 SACKs (c-ack=N-1), one for every second
> probe, will the association then time out?

It shouldn't.  Since you are still receiving SACKs and you
detect that you've doing 0-window probes, you clear the error
counts.

> 
> And if not, when are the counters cleared?
> 
> It would be nice if the SACKs could do it, but as far as
> I can see, the RFC does not allow this, as the incoming
> SACKs are duplicates, they do not ack any data.

I wouldn't call these duplicate SACKs.  The acknowledge the
receipt of 0-window probes and are used as such.

-vlad

> 
> Thanks!
>  Karoline
>>> Best regards,
>>>  Karoline
>>>
>>> Michael Tuexen wrote:
>>>    
>>>> Hi Karoline,
>>>>
>>>> my understanding is the following.
>>>> Assume that the sender has sent up to N and the receiver has
>>>> acknowledged all TSNs up to N - 1 and announces a zero window.
>>>>
>>>> So the sender sends TSN N and gets back a SACK with cumack N-1.
>>>> Then you should not increment the error count... This sequence
>>>> can go forever. However, in FreeBSD we transmit each TSN only
>>>> a limited number of times and would finally fail the association
>>>> (we would call the chunk, the unlucky one...)
>>>>
>>>> Hope that helps.
>>>> Best regards
>>>> Michael
>>>>
>>>> On Sep 18, 2008, at 1:35 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>>>
>>>>      
>>>>> Hello list.
>>>>>
>>>>> I have a question about zero window probing and error counters.
>>>>>
>>>>> RFC4960 states that:
>>>>>
>>>>>     If the sender continues to receive new packets from the receiver
>>>>>     while doing zero window probing, the unacknowledged window probes
>>>>>     should not increment the error counter for the association or any
>>>>>     destination transport address.
>>>>>
>>>>> I assume that this implies that if *no* packets have been received
>>>>> from peer between the time the probe was sent and the time the
>>>>> timer goes off, then the error counters should be incremented?
>>>>>
>>>>> But if that is the case, when does the error counter get cleared?
>>>>> The SACK replying to the probe does not acknowledge the probe,
>>>>> it is just a dup-ack, so that would not clear any counters?
>>>>>
>>>>> Thanks for any replies!
>>>>>    Karoline
>>>>>
>>>>> -- 
>>>>> Karoline Malmkjær, Software Developer
>>>>> TietoEnator A/S, IP Solutions
>>>>> www.tietoenator.com
>>>>>
>>>>>         
>>
>>   
> 



From Michael.Tuexen@micmac.franken.de  Sat Sep 20 02:03:09 2008
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CC: Vlad Yasevich <vladislav.yasevich@hp.com>, sctp-impl@external.cisco.com
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From: Michael Tuexen <Michael.Tuexen@micmac.franken.de>
To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Karoline_Malmkj=E6r?= <karoline.malmkjaer@tietoenator.com>
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Subject: Re: SCTP zero window probes
Date: Sat, 20 Sep 2008 10:58:52 +0200
References: <48D23D0C.3000302@tietoenator.com>
    <6534BD78-2EBA-4377-9640-9DA5F1BBBC61@micmac.franken.de>
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Hi Karoline,

comments in-line.

Best regards
Michael

On Sep 19, 2008, at 4:15 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:

> Vlad Yasevich wrote:
>> Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>
>>> Hi Michael.
>>>
>>> Thanks for the reply.
>>>
>>> I understand that the error count should not be
>>> incremented when the SACK arrives.  But suppose
>>> the link drops some packets, say one out of 10.
>>> Then the error count would be incremented every
>>> time a packet is lost.  Will these errors ever be
>>> cleared, or will the association eventually die?
>>>
>>
>> Are you asking this in the context of 0-window probes?
>> What I mean is the the loss of some number of TSNs caused
>> a 0-window situation on the receiver?
>>
>> In that case, the error counter is incremented every time a
>> retransmission timer fires.  However, when the retransmission
>> happens and the tsn gets through, the receiver will renege
>> and advance the cumulative tsn in it's SACK.  That action
>> will clear the error counter on the send side.
>>
>> -vlad
>>
>>
>
> Not really.  I'm asking in the context of zero window
> probing because the peer application has stopped reading.
> Peer will never SACK the probe (at least not until
> tomorrow, because someone pressed ^Z in his console and
> left the building).
This is only correct if you use a user land implementation.
A kernel implementation will continue to send SACKs...
>
>
> If SCTP sends a zero window probe above the window (with
> TSN=N) and peer replies with a SACK (with c-ack=N-1), no
> error counters are increased, that much is clear.
>
> If SCTP sends a window probe and receives no packets
> from peer, I assume the error counters are increased.  If
> this happens 10 times in a row, the association times out.
Correct.
>
>
> The question is: if SCTP sends 20 window probes (TSN=N)
> and receives 10 SACKs (c-ack=N-1), one for every second
> probe, will the association then time out?
No.
>
>
> And if not, when are the counters cleared?
Whenever you get a SACK with cumack=N.
>
>
> It would be nice if the SACKs could do it, but as far as
> I can see, the RFC does not allow this, as the incoming
> SACKs are duplicates, they do not ack any data.
The RFC says "new packets" and all the packets containing the
SACKs are new, since SACKs are never retransmitted.
Each SACK is generated by the packet used for the zero
window probing.
>
>
> Thanks!
> Karoline
>>> Best regards,
>>> Karoline
>>>
>>> Michael Tuexen wrote:
>>>
>>>> Hi Karoline,
>>>>
>>>> my understanding is the following.
>>>> Assume that the sender has sent up to N and the receiver has
>>>> acknowledged all TSNs up to N - 1 and announces a zero window.
>>>>
>>>> So the sender sends TSN N and gets back a SACK with cumack N-1.
>>>> Then you should not increment the error count... This sequence
>>>> can go forever. However, in FreeBSD we transmit each TSN only
>>>> a limited number of times and would finally fail the association
>>>> (we would call the chunk, the unlucky one...)
>>>>
>>>> Hope that helps.
>>>> Best regards
>>>> Michael
>>>>
>>>> On Sep 18, 2008, at 1:35 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> Hello list.
>>>>>
>>>>> I have a question about zero window probing and error counters.
>>>>>
>>>>> RFC4960 states that:
>>>>>
>>>>>    If the sender continues to receive new packets from the  
>>>>> receiver
>>>>>    while doing zero window probing, the unacknowledged window  
>>>>> probes
>>>>>    should not increment the error counter for the association or  
>>>>> any
>>>>>    destination transport address.
>>>>>
>>>>> I assume that this implies that if *no* packets have been received
>>>>> from peer between the time the probe was sent and the time the
>>>>> timer goes off, then the error counters should be incremented?
>>>>>
>>>>> But if that is the case, when does the error counter get cleared?
>>>>> The SACK replying to the probe does not acknowledge the probe,
>>>>> it is just a dup-ack, so that would not clear any counters?
>>>>>
>>>>> Thanks for any replies!
>>>>>   Karoline
>>>>>
>>>>> -- 
>>>>> Karoline Malmkjær, Software Developer
>>>>> TietoEnator A/S, IP Solutions
>>>>> www.tietoenator.com
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>
>>
>
>




From Michael.Tuexen@micmac.franken.de  Sat Sep 20 02:03:32 2008
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From: Michael Tuexen <Michael.Tuexen@micmac.franken.de>
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Subject: Re: SCTP zero window probes
Date: Sat, 20 Sep 2008 11:01:33 +0200
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    <6534BD78-2EBA-4377-9640-9DA5F1BBBC61@micmac.franken.de>
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Hi Karoline,

what I forgot: If you think the wording in RFC 4960 is misleading,
please bring this up on tsvwg@ietf.org. This is not an implementation
specific issue. Based on the discussion there, we might can issue
an errata note making the text clearer... It seems that the text
is not clear enough.

Best regards
Michael

On Sep 19, 2008, at 4:15 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:

> Vlad Yasevich wrote:
>> Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>
>>> Hi Michael.
>>>
>>> Thanks for the reply.
>>>
>>> I understand that the error count should not be
>>> incremented when the SACK arrives.  But suppose
>>> the link drops some packets, say one out of 10.
>>> Then the error count would be incremented every
>>> time a packet is lost.  Will these errors ever be
>>> cleared, or will the association eventually die?
>>>
>>
>> Are you asking this in the context of 0-window probes?
>> What I mean is the the loss of some number of TSNs caused
>> a 0-window situation on the receiver?
>>
>> In that case, the error counter is incremented every time a
>> retransmission timer fires.  However, when the retransmission
>> happens and the tsn gets through, the receiver will renege
>> and advance the cumulative tsn in it's SACK.  That action
>> will clear the error counter on the send side.
>>
>> -vlad
>>
>>
>
> Not really.  I'm asking in the context of zero window
> probing because the peer application has stopped reading.
> Peer will never SACK the probe (at least not until
> tomorrow, because someone pressed ^Z in his console and
> left the building).
>
> If SCTP sends a zero window probe above the window (with
> TSN=N) and peer replies with a SACK (with c-ack=N-1), no
> error counters are increased, that much is clear.
>
> If SCTP sends a window probe and receives no packets
> from peer, I assume the error counters are increased.  If
> this happens 10 times in a row, the association times out.
>
> The question is: if SCTP sends 20 window probes (TSN=N)
> and receives 10 SACKs (c-ack=N-1), one for every second
> probe, will the association then time out?
>
> And if not, when are the counters cleared?
>
> It would be nice if the SACKs could do it, but as far as
> I can see, the RFC does not allow this, as the incoming
> SACKs are duplicates, they do not ack any data.
>
> Thanks!
> Karoline
>>> Best regards,
>>> Karoline
>>>
>>> Michael Tuexen wrote:
>>>
>>>> Hi Karoline,
>>>>
>>>> my understanding is the following.
>>>> Assume that the sender has sent up to N and the receiver has
>>>> acknowledged all TSNs up to N - 1 and announces a zero window.
>>>>
>>>> So the sender sends TSN N and gets back a SACK with cumack N-1.
>>>> Then you should not increment the error count... This sequence
>>>> can go forever. However, in FreeBSD we transmit each TSN only
>>>> a limited number of times and would finally fail the association
>>>> (we would call the chunk, the unlucky one...)
>>>>
>>>> Hope that helps.
>>>> Best regards
>>>> Michael
>>>>
>>>> On Sep 18, 2008, at 1:35 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> Hello list.
>>>>>
>>>>> I have a question about zero window probing and error counters.
>>>>>
>>>>> RFC4960 states that:
>>>>>
>>>>>    If the sender continues to receive new packets from the  
>>>>> receiver
>>>>>    while doing zero window probing, the unacknowledged window  
>>>>> probes
>>>>>    should not increment the error counter for the association or  
>>>>> any
>>>>>    destination transport address.
>>>>>
>>>>> I assume that this implies that if *no* packets have been received
>>>>> from peer between the time the probe was sent and the time the
>>>>> timer goes off, then the error counters should be incremented?
>>>>>
>>>>> But if that is the case, when does the error counter get cleared?
>>>>> The SACK replying to the probe does not acknowledge the probe,
>>>>> it is just a dup-ack, so that would not clear any counters?
>>>>>
>>>>> Thanks for any replies!
>>>>>   Karoline
>>>>>
>>>>> -- 
>>>>> Karoline Malmkjær, Software Developer
>>>>> TietoEnator A/S, IP Solutions
>>>>> www.tietoenator.com
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>
>>
>
>




From karoline.malmkjaer@tietoenator.com  Mon Sep 22 00:51:45 2008
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Subject: Re: SCTP zero window probes
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Hi Michael.

Thanks for your answer.  I'm afraid my description of
the scenario was not sufficiently precise, please see
inline comments.

Thanks!
  Karoline

Michael Tuexen wrote:
> Hi Karoline,
>
> comments in-line.
>
> Best regards
> Michael
>
> On Sep 19, 2008, at 4:15 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>
>> Vlad Yasevich wrote:
>>> Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>>
>>>> Hi Michael.
>>>>
>>>> Thanks for the reply.
>>>>
>>>> I understand that the error count should not be
>>>> incremented when the SACK arrives.  But suppose
>>>> the link drops some packets, say one out of 10.
>>>> Then the error count would be incremented every
>>>> time a packet is lost.  Will these errors ever be
>>>> cleared, or will the association eventually die?
>>>>
>>>
>>> Are you asking this in the context of 0-window probes?
>>> What I mean is the the loss of some number of TSNs caused
>>> a 0-window situation on the receiver?
>>>
>>> In that case, the error counter is incremented every time a
>>> retransmission timer fires.  However, when the retransmission
>>> happens and the tsn gets through, the receiver will renege
>>> and advance the cumulative tsn in it's SACK.  That action
>>> will clear the error counter on the send side.
>>>
>>> -vlad
>>>
>>>
>>
>> Not really.  I'm asking in the context of zero window
>> probing because the peer application has stopped reading.
>> Peer will never SACK the probe (at least not until
>> tomorrow, because someone pressed ^Z in his console and
>> left the building).
> This is only correct if you use a user land implementation.
> A kernel implementation will continue to send SACKs...
Sorry, my phrasing was imprecise.  I meant that peer
will send SACKs, but they will c-ack N-1, ie, they will
not cumulatively ack the probe.
>>
>>
>> If SCTP sends a zero window probe above the window (with
>> TSN=N) and peer replies with a SACK (with c-ack=N-1), no
>> error counters are increased, that much is clear.
>>
>> If SCTP sends a window probe and receives no packets
>> from peer, I assume the error counters are increased.  If
>> this happens 10 times in a row, the association times out.
> Correct.
>>
>>
>> The question is: if SCTP sends 20 window probes (TSN=N)
>> and receives 10 SACKs (c-ack=N-1), one for every second
>> probe, will the association then time out?
> No.
>>
>>
>> And if not, when are the counters cleared?
> Whenever you get a SACK with cumack=N.
That was my understanding, yes.  But all the SACKs we
get are for N-1, so I still don't see when the counters
are cleared?
>>
>>
>> It would be nice if the SACKs could do it, but as far as
>> I can see, the RFC does not allow this, as the incoming
>> SACKs are duplicates, they do not ack any data.
> The RFC says "new packets" and all the packets containing the
> SACKs are new, since SACKs are never retransmitted.
> Each SACK is generated by the packet used for the zero
> window probing.
OK, but that only explains why the counters are not
*increased*.  The RFC does not say to *clear* counters
on incoming new packets (which is very understandable,
since incoming data should not clear counters).
>>
>>
>> Thanks!
>> Karoline
>>>> Best regards,
>>>> Karoline
>>>>
>>>> Michael Tuexen wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Hi Karoline,
>>>>>
>>>>> my understanding is the following.
>>>>> Assume that the sender has sent up to N and the receiver has
>>>>> acknowledged all TSNs up to N - 1 and announces a zero window.
>>>>>
>>>>> So the sender sends TSN N and gets back a SACK with cumack N-1.
>>>>> Then you should not increment the error count... This sequence
>>>>> can go forever. However, in FreeBSD we transmit each TSN only
>>>>> a limited number of times and would finally fail the association
>>>>> (we would call the chunk, the unlucky one...)
>>>>>
>>>>> Hope that helps.
>>>>> Best regards
>>>>> Michael
>>>>>
>>>>> On Sep 18, 2008, at 1:35 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> Hello list.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I have a question about zero window probing and error counters.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> RFC4960 states that:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>    If the sender continues to receive new packets from the receiver
>>>>>>    while doing zero window probing, the unacknowledged window probes
>>>>>>    should not increment the error counter for the association or any
>>>>>>    destination transport address.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I assume that this implies that if *no* packets have been received
>>>>>> from peer between the time the probe was sent and the time the
>>>>>> timer goes off, then the error counters should be incremented?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> But if that is the case, when does the error counter get cleared?
>>>>>> The SACK replying to the probe does not acknowledge the probe,
>>>>>> it is just a dup-ack, so that would not clear any counters?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thanks for any replies!
>>>>>>   Karoline
>>>>>>
>>>>>> -- 
>>>>>> Karoline Malmkjær, Software Developer
>>>>>> TietoEnator A/S, IP Solutions
>>>>>> www.tietoenator.com
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>



From karoline.malmkjaer@tietoenator.com  Mon Sep 22 01:06:36 2008
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To: Michael Tuexen <Michael.Tuexen@micmac.franken.de>
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Subject: Re: SCTP zero window probes
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Michael Tuexen wrote:
> Hi Karoline,
>
> what I forgot: If you think the wording in RFC 4960 is misleading,
> please bring this up on tsvwg@ietf.org. This is not an implementation
> specific issue. Based on the discussion there, we might can issue
> an errata note making the text clearer... It seems that the text
> is not clear enough.
>
> Best regards
> Michael

Hi Michael.

No, I actually think the text in 4960 is very clear on this
point.


If TSN N is outstanding and times out, it says the counters
should be increased, *except* if N is a window probe and a
new packet has arrived from peer recently.

If N is acknowledged, ie a SACK with c-ack N arrives, or if
a heartbeat is acknowledged, it says to clear the counters.

I.e., if a SACK with c-ack N-1 arrives, the counters are not
increased and not cleared.

Following the rules above on a link that loses some packets,
the errors will accumulate and the association will eventually
time out.  This is a strategy that probably makes sense in a
lot of scenarios (not all, of course).


Of course, if we can't agree that this is what the RFC says,
then I'm wrong and it *is* unclear :-)

Or if the behavior described was not the intended behavior,
then it is misleading.  But I wouldn't know what the intention
was.  And I don't think an implementor like me, who arrives
on the scene after an RFC is published, should implement
things differently than what is described in the RFC with
the argument "I don't think they meant that".

Best regards,
  Karoline

>
> On Sep 19, 2008, at 4:15 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>
>> Vlad Yasevich wrote:
>>> Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>>
>>>> Hi Michael.
>>>>
>>>> Thanks for the reply.
>>>>
>>>> I understand that the error count should not be
>>>> incremented when the SACK arrives.  But suppose
>>>> the link drops some packets, say one out of 10.
>>>> Then the error count would be incremented every
>>>> time a packet is lost.  Will these errors ever be
>>>> cleared, or will the association eventually die?
>>>>
>>>
>>> Are you asking this in the context of 0-window probes?
>>> What I mean is the the loss of some number of TSNs caused
>>> a 0-window situation on the receiver?
>>>
>>> In that case, the error counter is incremented every time a
>>> retransmission timer fires.  However, when the retransmission
>>> happens and the tsn gets through, the receiver will renege
>>> and advance the cumulative tsn in it's SACK.  That action
>>> will clear the error counter on the send side.
>>>
>>> -vlad
>>>
>>>
>>
>> Not really.  I'm asking in the context of zero window
>> probing because the peer application has stopped reading.
>> Peer will never SACK the probe (at least not until
>> tomorrow, because someone pressed ^Z in his console and
>> left the building).
>>
>> If SCTP sends a zero window probe above the window (with
>> TSN=N) and peer replies with a SACK (with c-ack=N-1), no
>> error counters are increased, that much is clear.
>>
>> If SCTP sends a window probe and receives no packets
>> from peer, I assume the error counters are increased.  If
>> this happens 10 times in a row, the association times out.
>>
>> The question is: if SCTP sends 20 window probes (TSN=N)
>> and receives 10 SACKs (c-ack=N-1), one for every second
>> probe, will the association then time out?
>>
>> And if not, when are the counters cleared?
>>
>> It would be nice if the SACKs could do it, but as far as
>> I can see, the RFC does not allow this, as the incoming
>> SACKs are duplicates, they do not ack any data.
>>
>> Thanks!
>> Karoline
>>>> Best regards,
>>>> Karoline
>>>>
>>>> Michael Tuexen wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Hi Karoline,
>>>>>
>>>>> my understanding is the following.
>>>>> Assume that the sender has sent up to N and the receiver has
>>>>> acknowledged all TSNs up to N - 1 and announces a zero window.
>>>>>
>>>>> So the sender sends TSN N and gets back a SACK with cumack N-1.
>>>>> Then you should not increment the error count... This sequence
>>>>> can go forever. However, in FreeBSD we transmit each TSN only
>>>>> a limited number of times and would finally fail the association
>>>>> (we would call the chunk, the unlucky one...)
>>>>>
>>>>> Hope that helps.
>>>>> Best regards
>>>>> Michael
>>>>>
>>>>> On Sep 18, 2008, at 1:35 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> Hello list.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I have a question about zero window probing and error counters.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> RFC4960 states that:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>    If the sender continues to receive new packets from the receiver
>>>>>>    while doing zero window probing, the unacknowledged window probes
>>>>>>    should not increment the error counter for the association or any
>>>>>>    destination transport address.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I assume that this implies that if *no* packets have been received
>>>>>> from peer between the time the probe was sent and the time the
>>>>>> timer goes off, then the error counters should be incremented?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> But if that is the case, when does the error counter get cleared?
>>>>>> The SACK replying to the probe does not acknowledge the probe,
>>>>>> it is just a dup-ack, so that would not clear any counters?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thanks for any replies!
>>>>>>   Karoline
>>>>>>
>>>>>> -- 
>>>>>> Karoline Malmkjær, Software Developer
>>>>>> TietoEnator A/S, IP Solutions
>>>>>> www.tietoenator.com
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>



From Michael.Tuexen@micmac.franken.de  Mon Sep 22 07:02:55 2008
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Subject: Re: SCTP zero window probes
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2008 15:58:03 +0200
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Karoline,

comments in-line.

Best regards
Michael

On Sep 22, 2008, at 9:07 AM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:

> Hi Michael.
>
> Thanks for your answer.  I'm afraid my description of
> the scenario was not sufficiently precise, please see
> inline comments.
>
> Thanks!
> Karoline
>
> Michael Tuexen wrote:
>> Hi Karoline,
>>
>> comments in-line.
>>
>> Best regards
>> Michael
>>
>> On Sep 19, 2008, at 4:15 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>
>>> Vlad Yasevich wrote:
>>>> Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Hi Michael.
>>>>>
>>>>> Thanks for the reply.
>>>>>
>>>>> I understand that the error count should not be
>>>>> incremented when the SACK arrives.  But suppose
>>>>> the link drops some packets, say one out of 10.
>>>>> Then the error count would be incremented every
>>>>> time a packet is lost.  Will these errors ever be
>>>>> cleared, or will the association eventually die?
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Are you asking this in the context of 0-window probes?
>>>> What I mean is the the loss of some number of TSNs caused
>>>> a 0-window situation on the receiver?
>>>>
>>>> In that case, the error counter is incremented every time a
>>>> retransmission timer fires.  However, when the retransmission
>>>> happens and the tsn gets through, the receiver will renege
>>>> and advance the cumulative tsn in it's SACK.  That action
>>>> will clear the error counter on the send side.
>>>>
>>>> -vlad
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>> Not really.  I'm asking in the context of zero window
>>> probing because the peer application has stopped reading.
>>> Peer will never SACK the probe (at least not until
>>> tomorrow, because someone pressed ^Z in his console and
>>> left the building).
>> This is only correct if you use a user land implementation.
>> A kernel implementation will continue to send SACKs...
> Sorry, my phrasing was imprecise.  I meant that peer
> will send SACKs, but they will c-ack N-1, ie, they will
> not cumulatively ack the probe.
OK.
>
>>>
>>>
>>> If SCTP sends a zero window probe above the window (with
>>> TSN=N) and peer replies with a SACK (with c-ack=N-1), no
>>> error counters are increased, that much is clear.
>>>
>>> If SCTP sends a window probe and receives no packets
>>> from peer, I assume the error counters are increased.  If
>>> this happens 10 times in a row, the association times out.
>> Correct.
>>>
>>>
>>> The question is: if SCTP sends 20 window probes (TSN=N)
>>> and receives 10 SACKs (c-ack=N-1), one for every second
>>> probe, will the association then time out?
>> No.
>>>
>>>
>>> And if not, when are the counters cleared?
>> Whenever you get a SACK with cumack=N.
> That was my understanding, yes.  But all the SACKs we
> get are for N-1, so I still don't see when the counters
> are cleared?
Sorry.... I meant, with cumack=N-1...
>
>>>
>>>
>>> It would be nice if the SACKs could do it, but as far as
>>> I can see, the RFC does not allow this, as the incoming
>>> SACKs are duplicates, they do not ack any data.
>> The RFC says "new packets" and all the packets containing the
>> SACKs are new, since SACKs are never retransmitted.
>> Each SACK is generated by the packet used for the zero
>> window probing.
> OK, but that only explains why the counters are not
> *increased*.  The RFC does not say to *clear* counters
> on incoming new packets (which is very understandable,
> since incoming data should not clear counters).
If during zero window probing every other DATA chunk or
SACK chunk gets lost, it should continue... This is
at least my understanding. But the RFC is not clear on
that...
>
>>>
>>>
>>> Thanks!
>>> Karoline
>>>>> Best regards,
>>>>> Karoline
>>>>>
>>>>> Michael Tuexen wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> Hi Karoline,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> my understanding is the following.
>>>>>> Assume that the sender has sent up to N and the receiver has
>>>>>> acknowledged all TSNs up to N - 1 and announces a zero window.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> So the sender sends TSN N and gets back a SACK with cumack N-1.
>>>>>> Then you should not increment the error count... This sequence
>>>>>> can go forever. However, in FreeBSD we transmit each TSN only
>>>>>> a limited number of times and would finally fail the association
>>>>>> (we would call the chunk, the unlucky one...)
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Hope that helps.
>>>>>> Best regards
>>>>>> Michael
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Sep 18, 2008, at 1:35 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Hello list.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I have a question about zero window probing and error counters.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> RFC4960 states that:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>   If the sender continues to receive new packets from the  
>>>>>>> receiver
>>>>>>>   while doing zero window probing, the unacknowledged window  
>>>>>>> probes
>>>>>>>   should not increment the error counter for the association  
>>>>>>> or any
>>>>>>>   destination transport address.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I assume that this implies that if *no* packets have been  
>>>>>>> received
>>>>>>> from peer between the time the probe was sent and the time the
>>>>>>> timer goes off, then the error counters should be incremented?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> But if that is the case, when does the error counter get  
>>>>>>> cleared?
>>>>>>> The SACK replying to the probe does not acknowledge the probe,
>>>>>>> it is just a dup-ack, so that would not clear any counters?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Thanks for any replies!
>>>>>>>  Karoline
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> -- 
>>>>>>> Karoline Malmkjær, Software Developer
>>>>>>> TietoEnator A/S, IP Solutions
>>>>>>> www.tietoenator.com
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>
>




From Michael.Tuexen@micmac.franken.de  Mon Sep 22 07:03:09 2008
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From: Michael Tuexen <Michael.Tuexen@micmac.franken.de>
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On Sep 22, 2008, at 10:02 AM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:

> Michael Tuexen wrote:
>> Hi Karoline,
>>
>> what I forgot: If you think the wording in RFC 4960 is misleading,
>> please bring this up on tsvwg@ietf.org. This is not an implementation
>> specific issue. Based on the discussion there, we might can issue
>> an errata note making the text clearer... It seems that the text
>> is not clear enough.
>>
>> Best regards
>> Michael
>
> Hi Michael.
>
> No, I actually think the text in 4960 is very clear on this
> point.
>
>
> If TSN N is outstanding and times out, it says the counters
> should be increased, *except* if N is a window probe and a
> new packet has arrived from peer recently.
>
> If N is acknowledged, ie a SACK with c-ack N arrives, or if
> a heartbeat is acknowledged, it says to clear the counters.
>
> I.e., if a SACK with c-ack N-1 arrives, the counters are not
> increased and not cleared.
But this does not make sense...
>
>
> Following the rules above on a link that loses some packets,
> the errors will accumulate and the association will eventually
> time out.  This is a strategy that probably makes sense in a
> lot of scenarios (not all, of course).
But normally you will clear the counter whenever you get
"an appropriate answer". A SACK with cumack=N-1 is one in
my understanding.
>
>
>
> Of course, if we can't agree that this is what the RFC says,
> then I'm wrong and it *is* unclear :-)
>
> Or if the behavior described was not the intended behavior,
> then it is misleading.  But I wouldn't know what the intention
> was.  And I don't think an implementor like me, who arrives
> on the scene after an RFC is published, should implement
> things differently than what is described in the RFC with
> the argument "I don't think they meant that".
Can you please bring this up on tsvwg@ietf.org?

We can figure out if I'm wrong or the RFC is unclear. In case
of the RFC being unclear we can provide an errata so that
it is clear to everyone what to do...
>
>
> Best regards,
> Karoline
>
>>
>> On Sep 19, 2008, at 4:15 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>
>>> Vlad Yasevich wrote:
>>>> Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Hi Michael.
>>>>>
>>>>> Thanks for the reply.
>>>>>
>>>>> I understand that the error count should not be
>>>>> incremented when the SACK arrives.  But suppose
>>>>> the link drops some packets, say one out of 10.
>>>>> Then the error count would be incremented every
>>>>> time a packet is lost.  Will these errors ever be
>>>>> cleared, or will the association eventually die?
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Are you asking this in the context of 0-window probes?
>>>> What I mean is the the loss of some number of TSNs caused
>>>> a 0-window situation on the receiver?
>>>>
>>>> In that case, the error counter is incremented every time a
>>>> retransmission timer fires.  However, when the retransmission
>>>> happens and the tsn gets through, the receiver will renege
>>>> and advance the cumulative tsn in it's SACK.  That action
>>>> will clear the error counter on the send side.
>>>>
>>>> -vlad
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>> Not really.  I'm asking in the context of zero window
>>> probing because the peer application has stopped reading.
>>> Peer will never SACK the probe (at least not until
>>> tomorrow, because someone pressed ^Z in his console and
>>> left the building).
>>>
>>> If SCTP sends a zero window probe above the window (with
>>> TSN=N) and peer replies with a SACK (with c-ack=N-1), no
>>> error counters are increased, that much is clear.
>>>
>>> If SCTP sends a window probe and receives no packets
>>> from peer, I assume the error counters are increased.  If
>>> this happens 10 times in a row, the association times out.
>>>
>>> The question is: if SCTP sends 20 window probes (TSN=N)
>>> and receives 10 SACKs (c-ack=N-1), one for every second
>>> probe, will the association then time out?
>>>
>>> And if not, when are the counters cleared?
>>>
>>> It would be nice if the SACKs could do it, but as far as
>>> I can see, the RFC does not allow this, as the incoming
>>> SACKs are duplicates, they do not ack any data.
>>>
>>> Thanks!
>>> Karoline
>>>>> Best regards,
>>>>> Karoline
>>>>>
>>>>> Michael Tuexen wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> Hi Karoline,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> my understanding is the following.
>>>>>> Assume that the sender has sent up to N and the receiver has
>>>>>> acknowledged all TSNs up to N - 1 and announces a zero window.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> So the sender sends TSN N and gets back a SACK with cumack N-1.
>>>>>> Then you should not increment the error count... This sequence
>>>>>> can go forever. However, in FreeBSD we transmit each TSN only
>>>>>> a limited number of times and would finally fail the association
>>>>>> (we would call the chunk, the unlucky one...)
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Hope that helps.
>>>>>> Best regards
>>>>>> Michael
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Sep 18, 2008, at 1:35 PM, Karoline Malmkjær wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Hello list.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I have a question about zero window probing and error counters.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> RFC4960 states that:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>   If the sender continues to receive new packets from the  
>>>>>>> receiver
>>>>>>>   while doing zero window probing, the unacknowledged window  
>>>>>>> probes
>>>>>>>   should not increment the error counter for the association  
>>>>>>> or any
>>>>>>>   destination transport address.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I assume that this implies that if *no* packets have been  
>>>>>>> received
>>>>>>> from peer between the time the probe was sent and the time the
>>>>>>> timer goes off, then the error counters should be incremented?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> But if that is the case, when does the error counter get  
>>>>>>> cleared?
>>>>>>> The SACK replying to the probe does not acknowledge the probe,
>>>>>>> it is just a dup-ack, so that would not clear any counters?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Thanks for any replies!
>>>>>>>  Karoline
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> -- 
>>>>>>> Karoline Malmkjær, Software Developer
>>>>>>> TietoEnator A/S, IP Solutions
>>>>>>> www.tietoenator.com
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>
>




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COMPUTADORAS con 1 A=D1O DE GARANTIA ENTREGA EN LOCAL EN LA ZONA DE CABALL=
ITO - CAPITAL FEDERAL
ENVIOS AL INTERIOR, PAGO CON TARJETA DE CREDITO DE MANERA TELEFONICA
CREDITOS PERSONALES HASTA EN 36 CUOTAS TAMBIEN DISPONIBLES PARA EL INTERIO=
R=2E CONSULTE
FACTURA A o B
CEL: 15-3197-5821
EMail: a25092008@gmail=2Ecom

-Modelo: CORE 2 DUO
-Procesador: E7200 CORE DUO 2=2E53 3MB cache 775 BOX 3 a=F1os de garantia
-Motherboard: Asus P5GC-MX Socket 775 BOX=20
-Memoria: DDR2 2GB 667MHZ
-Placa de video: PCI-E 512MB NX8400GS-TD256E MSI
-Disco r=EDgido: 250GB SATA 2
-Medio optico: ReGrabadora de DVD PHILIPS 20X
-Placa de red: 10/100 integrada
-Placa de sonido: 6 canales
-Puertos: 2USB frontales y 4USB traseros
-Gabinete: SENTEY ATX c2 coolers fuente 500W
-Teclado multimedia, Mouse optico, Parlantes y Diskettera 3 1/2
-Garantia equipo 12 meses
-Sistema operativo instalado y funcionando FULL, todos los programas y uti=
lidades
-Monitor: LCD 19" Samsung 943NWX 3 a=F1os de garantia
-PRECIO $2499 FINAL (IVA inc)

Consulte otras configuraciones a medida, notebooks, camaras digitales y mu=
cho mas



