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Subject: [SECMECH] Generally usable mechanism requirements
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Here are some requirements for generally useful authentication
mechanisms

1. MUST support GSS-API, EAP and SASL frameworks.  This means that the
mechanism MUST be identifiable in any of these framework and have an EAP
ID, GSS-OID and SASL name.  Note that any GSSAPI mechanism can be
automatically mapped into the SASL mechanism namespace through the use
of the GSS-* SASL mechanism family.

2. MUST support mutual authentication. We may have some discussion as to
what this means, for example in systems it is not uncommon for an entity
to be authenticated to a realm or domain instead of the exact peer it is
communicating with.  A mechanism MAY support the capability to
authenticate only one side or provide anonymous authentication.=20

3. MAY support identity privacy of one of the peers.  A mechanism should
document if it supports identity privacy, which parties identity is
protected and how it works.=20

4. MUST support key derivation based on the authentication.  This is the
way EAP establishes and a cryptographic context.  GSS-API is working on
a standard PRF API to expose this functionality in GSSAPI mechanisms.=20

5. MUST support a security layer.  This is a requirement of SASL and
GSS-API mechanisms.  GSS-API wrap and mic style protection should be
provided.  Although this is not part of the definition of an EAP
mechanism it should be difficult to add since EAP provides key material
which can be used as a basis for cryptographic functions.  A generic
protection transform can be provided for mechanisms that don't provide
their own. =20

6. MUST support the ability to provide cryptographic binding to an
encapsulating channel.  This is identified as channel bindings in
GSS-API and cryptographic binding in EAP.  This provides an interface
into a mechanism that accepts external channel data  and the mechanism
implementations validate that both sides provided the same data. =20

7. MUST support the ability to communicate attributes that are
authenticated as part of the authentication exchange and validated
external to the mechanism.  This is referred to in EAP as channel
bindings.   Channel Bindings (EAP) requires and interface into a
mechanism that accepts data to be sent in an authenticated manner to the
other party and a interface to obtain authenticated data from the other
party to be validated outside the mechanism.  It is possible that this
could be added to GSS-API through naming extensions.=20

8. MUST provide messages to allow the authentications to be initiated
from either side.  This is necessary since EAP is always server
initiated and GSSAPI is always 'client' initiated.  This may just
involve an extra message in the exchange.=20

9. MUST provide documentation to describe the mechanism properties
defined in [RFC3748]. GUAM mechanisms MUST support the following:
generation of keying material, mutual authentication, shared state
equivalence, replay protection, integrity protection, cryptographic
binding, session independence, and ciphersuite negotiation protection.
GUAM mechanisms MAY support the following: It is also desirable for GUAM
mechanisms to support the following: resistance to dictionary attacks,
fragmentation, and confidentiality.

10. MUST provide an option for a peer to get required credentials
in-band.  This is to support network access use cases where the only
access available to a network the authentication protocol executing
between two peers.  Kerberos GSS-API mechanism is an example of a
mechanism that does not support this since credential acquisition from
the KDC MUST happen out of band to the authentication mechanism.  The
expired draft of IAKERB did meet this requirement.=20

11. MUST expect than an arbitrary number of proxies between the
authenticating parties may handle the messages.

12. SHOULD accept target names in host based service name format.  If
the mechanism makes use of a target name it should accept the name in
host based service name format.=20

In general the issue of naming requires more discussion.  EAP has NAI
which is mainly for routing purposes and is in general external to a
mechanism (although a mechanism can choose to use an NAI name format).
SASL has an authorization ID which can be communicated by the mechanism.
The mapping from authentication ID to authorization ID needs to be
validated and authorized. I don't really think this mapping belongs in
the mechanism, rather it should happen external to the mechanism
(perhaps within another component), but this probably requires that name
are exported form mechanisms in some agreed upon format.=20


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From: Clint Chaplin <clint.chaplin@gmail.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [SECMECH] Generally usable mechanism requirements
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Comments inline; mostly typos...

On 7/1/05, Salowey, Joe <jsalowey@cisco.com> wrote:
> Here are some requirements for generally useful authentication
> mechanisms
>=20
> 1. MUST support GSS-API, EAP and SASL frameworks.  This means that the
> mechanism MUST be identifiable in any of these framework and have an EAP
> ID, GSS-OID and SASL name.  Note that any GSSAPI mechanism can be
> automatically mapped into the SASL mechanism namespace through the use
> of the GSS-* SASL mechanism family.
>=20
> 2. MUST support mutual authentication. We may have some discussion as to
> what this means, for example in systems it is not uncommon for an entity
> to be authenticated to a realm or domain instead of the exact peer it is
> communicating with.  A mechanism MAY support the capability to
> authenticate only one side or provide anonymous authentication.
>=20
> 3. MAY support identity privacy of one of the peers.  A mechanism should
> document if it supports identity privacy, which parties identity is
> protected and how it works.
>=20
> 4. MUST support key derivation based on the authentication.  This is the
> way EAP establishes and a cryptographic context.  GSS-API is working on
> a standard PRF API to expose this functionality in GSSAPI mechanisms.

"EAP establishes and a cryptographic context."  Either something is
missing, or something is extra.  I couldn't figure out which.


>=20
> 5. MUST support a security layer.  This is a requirement of SASL and
> GSS-API mechanisms.  GSS-API wrap and mic style protection should be
> provided.  Although this is not part of the definition of an EAP
> mechanism it should be difficult to add since EAP provides key material
> which can be used as a basis for cryptographic functions.  A generic
> protection transform can be provided for mechanisms that don't provide
> their own.

"it should be difficult to add since EAP"  Surely this is "it
shouldn't be difficult to add since EAP" (and don't call me Shirley)



>=20
> 6. MUST support the ability to provide cryptographic binding to an
> encapsulating channel.  This is identified as channel bindings in
> GSS-API and cryptographic binding in EAP.  This provides an interface
> into a mechanism that accepts external channel data  and the mechanism
> implementations validate that both sides provided the same data.
>=20
> 7. MUST support the ability to communicate attributes that are
> authenticated as part of the authentication exchange and validated
> external to the mechanism.  This is referred to in EAP as channel
> bindings.   Channel Bindings (EAP) requires and interface into a
> mechanism that accepts data to be sent in an authenticated manner to the
> other party and a interface to obtain authenticated data from the other
> party to be validated outside the mechanism.  It is possible that this
> could be added to GSS-API through naming extensions.


"Channel Bindings (EAP) requires and interface"  and -> an.


>=20
> 8. MUST provide messages to allow the authentications to be initiated
> from either side.  This is necessary since EAP is always server
> initiated and GSSAPI is always 'client' initiated.  This may just
> involve an extra message in the exchange.
>=20
> 9. MUST provide documentation to describe the mechanism properties
> defined in [RFC3748]. GUAM mechanisms MUST support the following:
> generation of keying material, mutual authentication, shared state
> equivalence, replay protection, integrity protection, cryptographic
> binding, session independence, and ciphersuite negotiation protection.
> GUAM mechanisms MAY support the following: It is also desirable for GUAM
> mechanisms to support the following: resistance to dictionary attacks,
> fragmentation, and confidentiality.


"GUAM mechanisms MAY support the following: It is also desirable for
GUAM mechanisms to support the following: resistance to dictionary
attacks,  fragmentation, and confidentiality."  I think perhaps two
thought collided in the above sentence, and infortunately both won;
either that or it's a cut and paste error.


>=20
> 10. MUST provide an option for a peer to get required credentials
> in-band.  This is to support network access use cases where the only
> access available to a network the authentication protocol executing
> between two peers.  Kerberos GSS-API mechanism is an example of a
> mechanism that does not support this since credential acquisition from
> the KDC MUST happen out of band to the authentication mechanism.  The
> expired draft of IAKERB did meet this requirement.
>=20

"This is to support network access use cases where the only access
available to a network _is_ the authentication protocol executing
between two peers"




> 11. MUST expect than an arbitrary number of proxies between the
> authenticating parties may handle the messages.
>

"MUST expect _that_ an arbitrary number of proxies between the
authenticating parties may handle the messages."

=20
> 12. SHOULD accept target names in host based service name format.  If
> the mechanism makes use of a target name it should accept the name in
> host based service name format.
>=20
> In general the issue of naming requires more discussion.  EAP has NAI
> which is mainly for routing purposes and is in general external to a
> mechanism (although a mechanism can choose to use an NAI name format).
> SASL has an authorization ID which can be communicated by the mechanism.
> The mapping from authentication ID to authorization ID needs to be
> validated and authorized. I don't really think this mapping belongs in
> the mechanism, rather it should happen external to the mechanism
> (perhaps within another component), but this probably requires that name
> are exported form mechanisms in some agreed upon format.
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> SECMECH mailing list
> SECMECH@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/secmech
>=20


--=20
Clint (JOATMON) Chaplin
Wireless Security Technologist
Wireless Standards Manager

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From secmech-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jul 05 14:25:20 2005
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Subject: RE: [SECMECH] Generally usable mechanism requirements
Date: Tue, 5 Jul 2005 11:23:50 -0700
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Thanks Clint,=20

<snip>
> > 4. MUST support key derivation based on the authentication.=20
>  This is=20
> > the way EAP establishes and a cryptographic context.  GSS-API is=20
> > working on a standard PRF API to expose this functionality=20
> in GSSAPI mechanisms.
>=20
> "EAP establishes and a cryptographic context."  Either=20
> something is missing, or something is extra.  I couldn't=20
> figure out which.
>=20
[Joe] I originally intended it to read "EAP establishes and exports a
cryptographic context."

>=20
> >=20
> > 5. MUST support a security layer.  This is a requirement of=20
> SASL and=20
> > GSS-API mechanisms.  GSS-API wrap and mic style protection=20
> should be=20
> > provided.  Although this is not part of the definition of an EAP=20
> > mechanism it should be difficult to add since EAP provides key=20
> > material which can be used as a basis for cryptographic=20
> functions.  A=20
> > generic protection transform can be provided for mechanisms=20
> that don't=20
> > provide their own.
>=20
> "it should be difficult to add since EAP"  Surely this is "it=20
> shouldn't be difficult to add since EAP" (and don't call me Shirley)
>=20

[Joe] Yes.

> > 9. MUST provide documentation to describe the mechanism properties=20
> > defined in [RFC3748]. GUAM mechanisms MUST support the following:
> > generation of keying material, mutual authentication, shared state=20
> > equivalence, replay protection, integrity protection, cryptographic=20
> > binding, session independence, and ciphersuite negotiation=20
> protection.
> > GUAM mechanisms MAY support the following: It is also desirable for=20
> > GUAM mechanisms to support the following: resistance to dictionary=20
> > attacks, fragmentation, and confidentiality.
>=20
>=20
> "GUAM mechanisms MAY support the following: It is also=20
> desirable for GUAM mechanisms to support the following:=20
> resistance to dictionary attacks,  fragmentation, and=20
> confidentiality."  I think perhaps two thought collided in=20
> the above sentence, and infortunately both won; either that=20
> or it's a cut and paste error.
>=20

[Joe] It should read "GUAM mechanisms MAY support the following:
resistance to dictionary attacks, fragmentation, and confidentiality.

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I think it is possible to define reasonable EAP methods as
authentication mechanisms that can be used in SASL and GSS-API without
much additional work.   I think EAP mechanisms we standardize should be
generally useable.  From discussions on the secmech list and from the
GUAM draft (draft-salowey-guam-00) I think the following list would need
to be addressed to define an EAP mechanism that is generally useful:

1. Define a GSS-API OID and a SASL name, this could be done
algorithmically.  Some additional documentation would be required to
meet the SASL registration requirements and the mapping to GSS-API
calls.=20

2. The protocol may require slight modification to allow the option for
the client to initiate the conversation.  This shouldn't be too
difficult since many protocols such as TLS is already client initiated.=20

3. Support for a security layer - A security layer would have to be
defined to authenticate and encrypt data.  The best approach would be to
define a standard (or set of standard) encryption mechanism(s) that can
consume the key material exported from EAP.  It is probably necessary to
have a way to negotiate a protection mechanism, but it may be possible
to make this part of the GSS OID or SASL name so it can be negotiated
through other means.=20

4. Cryptographic Binding/Channel Bindings(GSS)/Channel Bindings(EAP) -
This type of functionality has already been identified as something that
is useful for EAP methods. Many existing mechanism such as EAP-TLS do
not provide a way to provide external data to be validated or exported
in the authentication exchange.  Most protocols could be extended to
provide this functionality.=20

5. Naming may be an issue, but it probably doesn't affect the mechanism
protocol itself, but rather how the mechanism represents names
externally.   This will probably require some specification in the
mechanism as to how to deal with names. The issue of naming is somewhat
tied to credentials and perhaps can be taken care in separate
specifications that deal with specific credential types such as X.509
certificates and apply across mechanisms that utilize the same
credential type.=20



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Subject: [SECMECH] Desire to standardize some specific EAP mechanisms 
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Comments from the EAP chairs and the IESG suggest there is a strong
desire to standardize some specific EAP mechanisms probably before the
GUAM work is done.

I think this might be doable particularly if the EAP mechanisms
standardized are things like eap-tls where there are already
alternatives for other frameworks.  The issue is simply one of timing.

The original proposal was to do that work in the EAP working group and
to (depending on BOF results) spin up secmech to do the more general
work.

I'm uncomfortable with that work being done outside the security area.
I'm also uncomfortable with two ongoing parallel efforts without
strong coordination.

I propose that if we want to take that approach we standardize the
specific mechanisms in the secmech group along with doing the more
general work.  For timing reasons we might even need to prioritize
some of the EAP work.  I think there are many advantages to doing so:

1) We become more familiar with the requirements of EAP and the same group of people doing general work get specific practical experience.

2) Since the same group of people are doing both the general and
   specific work you are likely to get better sanity checking across
   the projects.

3) You make sure the efforts don't diverge.

4) You leverage security review experience from the GSS and SASL
   comnunities and practical deployment experience from the EAP community.

If we take that approach, two things need to happen.  First, we need
to get a specific set of mechanisms to standardize early into the
charter.  Second, we would need at least one int-area chair--possibly
one of the existing EAP chairs if willing to serve--by the time a WG
is chartered.

Thanks for your consideration,

--Sam


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Subject: RE: [SECMECH] Desire to standardize some specific EAP mechanisms 
Date: Thu, 14 Jul 2005 22:09:01 -0700
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I think this could be a reasonable approach, although I would like to
see the work of standardizing specific mechanisms and work to generalize
methods start in parallel. =20

As far as mechanisms go I think it is relatively important to get a
revision of EAP-TLS into the standards track.  Through the use of TLS
you can cover X.509 and pre-shared key credentials.  I think there is
also  interest in the EAP community to standardize additional pre-shared
key mechanisms (EAP-PSK, EAP-PAX)  and tunneled methods (PEAP, TTLS,
EAP-FAST). =20

Joe
=20

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TUESDAY, August 2, 2005
1030-1230 Morning Session II
SEC  secmech   Security Mechanisms BOF

AGENDA:

Agenda bashing : 05 mins
EAP Method requirements : 20 min
Kitten GSS-API Updates : 20 min
Generally usable authentication methods : 20 min
Charter discussion : 55 min


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Subject: AW: [SECMECH] Desire to standardize some specific EAP mechanisms 
Date: Fri, 15 Jul 2005 09:32:23 +0200
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hi sam,=20

it seems that you already have some eap methods in mind that you would =
like to standardize.=20
can you tell us more?=20

ciao
hannes


> -----Urspr=FCngliche Nachricht-----
> Von: secmech-bounces@lists.ietf.org=20
> [mailto:secmech-bounces@lists.ietf.org] Im Auftrag von Sam Hartman
> Gesendet: Donnerstag, 14. Juli 2005 22:37
> An: secmech@ietf.org
> Betreff: [SECMECH] Desire to standardize some specific EAP mechanisms=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Comments from the EAP chairs and the IESG suggest there is a strong
> desire to standardize some specific EAP mechanisms probably before the
> GUAM work is done.
>=20
> I think this might be doable particularly if the EAP mechanisms
> standardized are things like eap-tls where there are already
> alternatives for other frameworks.  The issue is simply one of timing.
>=20
> The original proposal was to do that work in the EAP working group and
> to (depending on BOF results) spin up secmech to do the more general
> work.
>=20
> I'm uncomfortable with that work being done outside the security area.
> I'm also uncomfortable with two ongoing parallel efforts without
> strong coordination.
>=20
> I propose that if we want to take that approach we standardize the
> specific mechanisms in the secmech group along with doing the more
> general work.  For timing reasons we might even need to prioritize
> some of the EAP work.  I think there are many advantages to doing so:
>=20
> 1) We become more familiar with the requirements of EAP and=20
> the same group of people doing general work get specific=20
> practical experience.
>=20
> 2) Since the same group of people are doing both the general and
>    specific work you are likely to get better sanity checking across
>    the projects.
>=20
> 3) You make sure the efforts don't diverge.
>=20
> 4) You leverage security review experience from the GSS and SASL
>    comnunities and practical deployment experience from the=20
> EAP community.
>=20
> If we take that approach, two things need to happen.  First, we need
> to get a specific set of mechanisms to standardize early into the
> charter.  Second, we would need at least one int-area chair--possibly
> one of the existing EAP chairs if willing to serve--by the time a WG
> is chartered.
>=20
> Thanks for your consideration,
>=20
> --Sam
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> SECMECH mailing list
> SECMECH@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/secmech
>=20

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Date: Fri, 15 Jul 2005 07:32:37 -0400 (EDT)
From: "T. Charles Clancy" <clancy@cs.umd.edu>
To: Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [SECMECH] Desire to standardize some specific EAP mechanisms
In-Reply-To: <tsloe95nmyf.fsf@cz.mit.edu>
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As an author of EAP-PAX, I've been frustrated with the standards track 
options available.  Doing the work in the EAP WG is the fastest route to 
RFC.  IMHO, there is sufficient security talent within the EAP WG to 
guarantee quality protocol development.

I certainly understand the concerns about diverging or duplicate work; 
however, my biggest concern is the overhead time.  I've been trying to get 
standards-track action for EAP-PAX for 8 months.  I suppose the existince 
of this conversation indicates progress, but I'm not enthusiastic about 
waiting another year or so.  If the proposed approach can be done in a 
timely manner, then I'm all for it.

[ t. charles clancy ]--[ tcc@umd.edu ]--[ www.cs.umd.edu/~clancy ]
[ computer science ]-----[ university of maryland | college park ]


On Thu, 14 Jul 2005, Sam Hartman wrote:

>
>
> Comments from the EAP chairs and the IESG suggest there is a strong
> desire to standardize some specific EAP mechanisms probably before the
> GUAM work is done.
>
> I think this might be doable particularly if the EAP mechanisms
> standardized are things like eap-tls where there are already
> alternatives for other frameworks.  The issue is simply one of timing.
>
> The original proposal was to do that work in the EAP working group and
> to (depending on BOF results) spin up secmech to do the more general
> work.
>
> I'm uncomfortable with that work being done outside the security area.
> I'm also uncomfortable with two ongoing parallel efforts without
> strong coordination.
>
> I propose that if we want to take that approach we standardize the
> specific mechanisms in the secmech group along with doing the more
> general work.  For timing reasons we might even need to prioritize
> some of the EAP work.  I think there are many advantages to doing so:
>
> 1) We become more familiar with the requirements of EAP and the same 
> group of people doing general work get specific practical experience.
>
> 2) Since the same group of people are doing both the general and
>   specific work you are likely to get better sanity checking across
>   the projects.
>
> 3) You make sure the efforts don't diverge.
>
> 4) You leverage security review experience from the GSS and SASL
>   comnunities and practical deployment experience from the EAP community.
>
> If we take that approach, two things need to happen.  First, we need
> to get a specific set of mechanisms to standardize early into the
> charter.  Second, we would need at least one int-area chair--possibly
> one of the existing EAP chairs if willing to serve--by the time a WG
> is chartered.
>
> Thanks for your consideration,
>
> --Sam
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> SECMECH mailing list
> SECMECH@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/secmech
>

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Here is a draft of a possible sechmech working group charter:

Security Mechanism BoF (secmech)

Security Area Director:
      Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>
      Russ Housley <housley@vigilsec.com>

Security Area Advisor:
      Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>

Mailing Lists:
      General Discussion: secmech@ietf.org
      To Subscribe:       https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/secmech
      Archive:
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/secmech/index.html

Description of Proposed Working Group:

There exists a disconnect between the IETF's security frameworks.
Although these frameworks have very similar goals,  the set of
mechanisms available depends upon the choice of framework.  There are a
number of issues that make a compelling case for converging the way we
develop mechanisms for these frameworks. =20

- There is a desire to standardized EAP mechanisms and there currently
is no working group with this on its charter.=20

- The actual mechanisms in each of these frameworks have very similar
goals of authentication and establishing a cryptographic context.=20

- There is pressure to adopt a particular framework because of the set
of mechanisms available not because of the capabilities and upper-layer
interface of the framework. =20

- There is a duplication of effort in the development of security
mechanism that support similar credential types and infrastructures.

- Often the cost of deploying a security mechanism is in the
infrastructure and not the implementation of the mechanism itself. There
limited set of mechanisms available to particular frameworks makes the
coordination and administration of security between applications that
use different frameworks more difficult.=20

At this time the working group is charter with the following tasks:

- Identify a list of "fast track" EAP mechanism types for
standardization.  Possibly: TLS based mechanism, Pre shared key based
mechanism (it is possible that a single mechanism may meet both
requirements).=20

- Standardize fast-track EAP mechanisms

- Document the basic requirements for a mechanism to be a GUAM mechanism

- Document the process for creating a GUAM mechanism

As this work progresses additional work items may be added to the
charter of this group or other working groups such as

- Definition of a common security layer (CFRG?)

- Enhancements to the GSS-API to accommodate GUAM enhancements (Kitten)


Goals and Milestones:

September 2005:  Charter to authorize work on a few fast track
mechanisms and GUAM process
October 2005:    Submit initial draft of base GUAM requirements and
standardization process
October 2005:    Select EAP mechanism approach to fast track
requirements
November 2005:   Submit initial FAST-Track EAP method draft(s)
December 2006:   WG Last Call completes on base requirements and
standardization process, begin working on method standardization=20
January 2006:    WG Last Call completes on FAST-Track EAP method drafts
February 2006:   Submit GUAM standardization process as Proposed
Standard=20
March 2006:      Submit FAST-Track EAP as proposed standard, update
charter with additional milestones

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