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Date: Mon, 07 Jul 2008 08:56:03 -0400
From: Matt Lepinski <mlepinski@bbn.com>
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Subject: [Sidr] ROA Format -03
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
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I have submitted the attached file as draft-sidr-roa-format-03.

The significant changes in this version are:
- The EE certificate used to verify a ROA must be included in the CMS 
wrapper of the ROA.
- The signed attributes ContentType and MessageDigest must be included 
in the CMS wrapper for the ROA, other signed attributes may be included.
- As proposed in Philidelphia, the syntax of the ROA was changed to 
allow the issuer to authorize the advertisement of prefixes up to a 
given maxLength.

Please let me know if you have any comments on improving the clarity or 
content of the draft.

- Matt Lepinski

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Secure Inter-Domain Routing (sidr)                          M. Lepinski 
Internet Draft                                                  S. Kent 
Expires: January 2009                                           D. Kong 
Intended Status: Proposed Standard                     BBN Technologies 
                                                           July 7, 2008 
                                      
             A Profile for Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs) 
                     draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-03.txt 


Status of this Memo 

   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that       
   any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is       
   aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she       
   becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of       
   BCP 79. 

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering 
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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months 
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   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at 
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 8, 2008. 

Abstract 

   This document defines a standard profile for Route Origin 
   Authorizations (ROAs).  A ROA is a digitally signed object that 
   provides a means of verifying that an IP address block holder has 
   authorized an Autonomous System (AS) to originate routes to that one 
   or more prefixes within the address block. 

Conventions used in this document 

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", 
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this 
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [RFC2119]. 
 
 
 
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Table of Contents 

    
   1. Introduction...................................................2 
   2. Basic Format...................................................3 
      2.1. Signed-Data Content Type..................................3 
         2.1.1. version..............................................3 
         2.1.2. digestAlgorithms.....................................4 
         2.1.3. encapContentInfo.....................................4 
            2.1.3.1. eContentType....................................4 
            2.1.3.2. eContent........................................4 
               2.1.3.2.1. version....................................5 
               2.1.3.2.2. asID.......................................5 
               2.1.3.2.3. ipAddrBlocks...............................5 
         2.1.4. certificates.........................................6 
         2.1.5. crls.................................................6 
         2.1.6. signerInfos..........................................6 
            2.1.6.1. version.........................................6 
            2.1.6.2. sid.............................................6 
            2.1.6.3. digestAlgorithm.................................6 
            2.1.6.4. signedAttrs.....................................6 
               2.1.6.4.1. ContentType Attribute......................7 
               2.1.6.4.2. MessageDigest Attribute....................7 
               2.1.6.4.3. SigningTime Attribute......................7 
               2.1.6.4.4. BinarySigningTimeAttribute.................8 
            2.1.6.5. signatureAlgorithm..............................8 
            2.1.6.6. signature.......................................8 
            2.1.6.7. unsignedAttrs...................................9 
   3. ROA Validation.................................................9 
   4. Security Considerations.......................................10 
   5. IANA Considerations...........................................11 
   6. Acknowledgments...............................................11 
   7. References....................................................12 
      7.1. Normative References.....................................12 
      7.2. Informative References...................................12 
   Authors' Addresses...............................................13 
   Intellectual Property Statement..................................14 
   Disclaimer of Validity...........................................14 
   Copyright Statement..............................................14 
    
1. Introduction 

   The primary purpose of the Internet IP Address and AS Number Resource 
   Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) system is to improve routing 
   security.  As part of this system, a mechanism is needed to allow 
   entities to verify that an AS has been given permission by an IP 

 
 
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   address block holder to advertise routes to one or more prefixes 
   within that block.  A ROA provides this function. 

   A ROA is a digitally signed object that makes use of Cryptographic 
   Message Syntax (CMS) [RFC3852] as a standard encapsulation format.  
   CMS was chosen to take advantage of existing open source software 
   available for processing messages in this format. 

2. Basic Format 

   Using CMS syntax, a ROA is a type of signed-data object.  The general 
   format of a CMS object is: 

      ContentInfo ::= SEQUENCE { 
        contentType ContentType, 
        content [0] EXPLICIT ANY DEFINED BY contentType } 
    
      ContentType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER 
    
   As a ROA is a signed-data object, it uses the corresponding OID, 
   1.2.840.113549.1.7.2. [RFC3852] 

2.1. Signed-Data Content Type 

   According to the CMS standard, the signed-data content type shall 
   have ASN.1 type SignedData: 

      SignedData ::= SEQUENCE { 
        version CMSVersion, 
        digestAlgorithms DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers, 
        encapContentInfo EncapsulatedContentInfo, 
        certificates [0] IMPLICIT CertificateSet OPTIONAL, 
        crls [1] IMPLICIT RevocationInfoChoices OPTIONAL, 
        signerInfos SignerInfos } 
    
      DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers ::= SET OF DigestAlgorithmIdentifier 
    
      SignerInfos ::= SET OF SignerInfo 
    

2.1.1. version 

   The version is the syntax version number.  It MUST be 3, 
   corresponding to the signerInfo structure having version number 3.   



 
 
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2.1.2. digestAlgorithms 

   The digestAlgorithms set MUST include only SHA-256, the OID for which 
   is 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1. [RFC4055] It MUST NOT contain any other 
   algorithms. 

2.1.3. encapContentInfo 

   encapContentInfo is the signed content, consisting of a content type 
   identifier and the content itself. 

      EncapsulatedContentInfo ::= SEQUENCE { 
        eContentType ContentType, 
        eContent [0] EXPLICIT OCTET STRING OPTIONAL } 
    
      ContentType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER 
    
2.1.3.1. eContentType 

   The ContentType for a ROA is defined as routeOriginAttestation and 
   has the numerical value of 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.24. 

      id-smime OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) 
   rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9) 16 } 
    
      id-ct OBJECT INDENTIFIER ::= { id-smime 1 } 
    
      routeOriginAttestion OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ct 24 } 
    
2.1.3.2. eContent 

   The content of a ROA identifies a single AS that has been authorized 
   by the address space holder to originate routes and a list of one or 
   more IP address prefixes that will be advertised.  If the address 
   space holder needs to authorize multiple ASes to advertise the same 
   set of address prefixes, the holder issues multiple ROAs, one per AS 
   number. A ROA is formally defined as: 

      RouteOriginAttestation ::= SEQUENCE { 
         version [0] INTEGER DEFAULT 0, 
         asID  ASID, 
         ipAddrBlocks SEQUENCE OF ROAIPAddressFamily } 
     
      ASID ::= INTEGER 
       
      ROAIPAddressFamily ::= SEQUENCE { 

 
 
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         addressFamily OCTET STRING (SIZE (2..3)), 
         addresses SEQUENCE OF ROAIPAddress } 

    
      ROAIPAddress ::= SEQUENCE { 
         address IPAdress, 
         maxLength INTEGER OPTIONAL } 
    
      IPAddress ::= BIT STRING 

2.1.3.2.1. version 

   The version number of the RouteOriginAttestation MUST be 0. 

2.1.3.2.2. asID 

   The asID field contains the AS number that is authorized to originate 
   routes to the given IP address prefixes. 

2.1.3.2.3. ipAddrBlocks 

   The ipAddrBlocks field encodes the set of IP address prefixes to 
   which the AS is authorized to originate routes. Note that the syntax 
   here is more restrictive than that used in the IP Address Delegation 
   extension defined in RFC 3779. That extension can represent arbitrary 
   address ranges, whereas ROAs need to represent only prefixes. 

   Within the ROAIPAddressFamily structure, addressFamily contains the 
   Address Family Identifier (AFI) of an IP address family. This 
   specification only supports IPv4 and IPv6. Therefore, addressFamily 
   MUST be either 0001 or 0002.  

   Within a ROAIPAddress structure, the addresses field represents 
   prefixes as a sequence of type IPAddress. (See [RFC3779] for more 
   details). If present, the maxLength must be an integer greater than 
   or equal to the length of the accompanying prefix and less than or 
   equal to the length (in bits) of an IP address in the address family 
   (32 for IPv4 and 128 for IPv6). When present, the maxLength specifies 
   the maximum length of IP address prefix that the AS is authorized to 
   advertise. (For example, if the IP Address prefix is 10.0/16 and the 
   maxLength is 24, the AS is authorized to advertise any more specific 
   prefix having length at most 24. That is, in this example, the AS 
   would be authorized to advertise 10.0/16, 10.0.128/20, or 
   10.0.255/24, but not 10.0.255.0/25.) When the maxLength is not 
   present, the AS is only authorized to advertise exactly the prefix 
   specified in the ROA. 

 
 
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2.1.4. certificates 

   The certificates field MUST be included and MUST contain only the end 
   entity certificate needed to validate this ROA.  

2.1.5. crls 

   The crls field MUST be omitted. 

2.1.6. signerInfos 

   SignerInfo is defined under CMS as: 

      SignerInfo ::= SEQUENCE { 
        version CMSVersion, 
        sid SignerIdentifier, 
        digestAlgorithm DigestAlgorithmIdentifier, 
        signedAttrs [0] IMPLICIT SignedAttributes OPTIONAL, 
        signatureAlgorithm SignatureAlgorithmIdentifier, 
        signature SignatureValue, 
        unsignedAttrs [1] IMPLICIT UnsignedAttributes OPTIONAL } 
 
2.1.6.1. version 

   The version number MUST be 3, corresponding with the choice of 
   SubjectKeyIdentifier for the sid. 

2.1.6.2. sid 

   The sid is defined as: 

      SignerIdentifier ::= CHOICE { 
        issuerAndSerialNumber IssuerAndSerialNumber, 
        subjectKeyIdentifier [0] SubjectKeyIdentifier } 
    
   For a ROA, the sid MUST be a SubjectKeyIdentifier. 
    
2.1.6.3. digestAlgorithm 

   The digestAlgorithm MUST be SHA-256, the OID for which is 
   2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1. [RFC4055] 

2.1.6.4. signedAttrs 

   The signedAttrs is defined as: 


 
 
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         SignedAttributes ::= SET SIZE (1..MAX) OF Attribute 
 
         Attribute ::= SEQUENCE { 
           attrType OBJECT IDENTIFIER, 
           attrValues SET OF AttributeValue } 
    
         AttributeValue ::= ANY 
    

   The signedAttr element MUST be present and MUST include the content-
   type and message-digest attributes. The signer MAY also include the 
   signing-time signed attribute, the binary-signing-time signed 
   attribute, or both signed attributes. Other signed attributes that 
   are deemed appropriate MAY also be included. The intent is to allow 
   additional signed attributes to be included if a future need is 
   identified. This does not cause an interoperability concern because 
   unrecognized signed attributes are ignored by the relying party. 

   The signedAttr MUST include only a single instance of any particular 
   attribute. Additionally, even though the syntax allows for a SET OF 
   AttributeValue, in a ROA the attrValues must consist of only a single 
   AttributeValue. 

2.1.6.4.1. ContentType Attribute 

   The ContentType attribute MUST be present. The attrType OID for the 
   ContentType attribute is 1.2.840.113549.1.9.3.  

   The attrValues for the ContentType attribute in a ROA MUST be 
   1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.24 (matching the eContentType in the 
   EncapsulatedContentInfo). 

2.1.6.4.2. MessageDigest Attribute 

   The MessageDigest Attribute MUST be present. The attrType OID for the 
   MessageDigest Attribute is 1.2.840.113549.1.9.4.  

   The attrValues for the MessageDigest attribute contains the output of 
   the digest algorithm applied to the content being signed, as 
   specified in Section 11.1 of RFC 3852. 

2.1.6.4.3. SigningTime Attribute 

   The SigningTime Attribute MAY be present. If it is present it MUST be 
   ignored by the relying party. The presence of absence of the 
   SigningTime attribute in no way affects the validation of the ROA (as 

 
 
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   specified in Section 3). The attrType OID for the SigningTime 
   attribute is 1.2.840.113549.1.9.5. 

   The attrValues for the SigningTime attribute is defined as: 

      SigningTime ::= Time 
    
      Time ::= CHOICE { 
           utcTime UTCTime, 
           generalizedTime GeneralizedTime } 
    

   The Time element specifies the time, based on the local system clock, 
   at which the digital signature was applied to the content. 

2.1.6.4.4. BinarySigningTimeAttribute 

   The BinarySigningTime Attribute MAY be present. If it is present it 
   MUST be ignored by the relying party. The presence of absence of the 
   BinarySigningTime attribute in no way affects the validation of the 
   ROA (as specified in Section 3). The attrType OID for the SigningTime 
   attribute is 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.2.46. 

   The attrValues for the SigningTime attribute is defined as: 

      BinarySigningTime ::= BinaryTime 
    
      BinaryTime ::= INTEGER (0..MAX) 
    

   The BinaryTime element specifies the time, based on the local system 
   clock, at which the digital signature was applied to the content. 

2.1.6.5. signatureAlgorithm 

   The signatureAlgorithm MUST be RSA (rsaEncryption), the OID for which 
   is 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1.  

2.1.6.6. signature 

   The signature value is defined as: 
    
      SignatureValue ::= OCTET STRING 
    
   The signature characteristics are defined by the digest and signature 
   algorithms. 

 
 
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2.1.6.7. unsignedAttrs 

   unsignedAttrs MUST be omitted. 

3. ROA Validation 

   Before a relying party can use a ROA to validate a routing 
   announcement, the relying party must first use the resource PKI to 
   validate the ROA by performing the following steps. 

   1. Verify that the ROA syntax complies with this specification. In 
      particular, verify the following: 

       a. The contentType of the CMS object is SignedData (OID 
          1.2.840.113549.1.7.2) 

       b. The version of the SignedData object is 3. 

       c. The digestAlgorithm in the SignedData object is SHA-256 (OID 
          2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1). 

       d. The certificates field in the SignedData object is present and 
          contains an EE certificate whose Subject Key Identifier (SKI) 
          matches the sid field of the SignerInfo object. 

       e. The crls field in the SignedData object is omitted. 

       f. The eContentType in the EncapsulatedContentInfo is 
          routeOriginAttestation (OID 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.24) 

       g. The version of the RouteOriginAttestation is 0. 

       h. The addressFamily in the ROAIPAddressFamily is either IPv4 or 
          IPv6 (0001 and 0002, respectively). 

       i. The version of the SignerInfo is 3. 

       j. The digestAlgorithm in the SignerInfo object is SHA-256 (OID 
          2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1). 

       k. The signatureAlgorithm in the SignerInfo object is RSA (OID 
          1.2.840.113549.1.1.1). 

       l. The signedAttrs field in the SignerInfo object is present and 
          contains both the ContentType attribute (OID 
          1.2.840.113549.1.9.3) and the MessageDigest attribute (OID 
          1.2.840.113549.1.9.4). 
 
 
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       m. The unsignedAttrs field in the SignerInfo object is omitted.   

   2. Use the public key in the EE certificate to verify the signature 
      on the ROA. 

   3. Verify that the EE certificate has an IP Address Delegation 
      extension [RFC3779] and that the IP address prefix(es) in that 
      extension exactly matches the IP address prefix(es) in the ROA. 

   4. Verify that the EE certificate is a valid end-entity certificate 
      in the resource PKI by constructing a valid certificate path to a 
      trust anchor. (See [RESCERT] for more details.) 

   Note that requiring an exact match between the IP address prefix(es) 
   in a ROA and the IP address prefix(es) in the corresponding EE 
   certificate does not place any limitations on ROA use. Indeed, since 
   each EE certificate in the resource RPKI architecture is used to 
   verify only a single ROA, it is natural to have the IP address 
   prefixes in the certificate match those in the corresponding ROA. 
   When the issuer of a ROA does not require an exact match between the 
   IP address prefix(es) in the ROA and the prefix(es) advertised by the 
   AS (when it originates routes for the prefix), the issuer includes 
   the maxLength element within the ROAIPAddress to indicate that the AS 
   is authorized to advertise more specific prefixes than those 
   indicated in the ROA (up to the specified maxLength values). 

4. Security Considerations 

   There is no assumption of confidentiality for the data in a ROA; it 
   is anticipated that ROAs will be stored in repositories that are 
   accessible to all ISPs, and perhaps to all Internet users. There is 
   no explicit authentication associated with a ROA, since the PKI used 
   for ROA validation provides authorization but not authentication. 
   Although the ROA is a signed, application layer object, there is no 
   intent to convey non-repudiation via a ROA.  
    
   The purpose of a ROA is to convey authorization for an AS to 
   originate a route to the prefix(es) in the ROA. Thus the integrity of 
   a ROA must be established. The ROA makes use of the CMS signed 
   message format for integrity, and thus inherits the security 
   considerations associated with that data structure. The right of the 
   ROA signer to authorize the target AS to originate routes to the 
   prefix(es) is established through use of the address space and AS 
   number PKI described in [ARCH]. Specifically one must verify the 
   signature on the ROA using an X.509 certificate issued under this 
   PKI, and check that the prefix(es) in the ROA match those in the 
   address space extension in the certificate.  
 
 
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5. IANA Considerations 

   None. 

6. Acknowledgments 

   The authors wish to thank Charles Gardiner and Russ Housley for their 
   help and contributions. 







































 
 
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7. References 

7.1. Normative References 

   [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate 
             Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. 

   [RFC3852] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax", RFC 3852, July 
             2004.    

   [RFC4055] Schaad, J., Kaliski, B., and Housley, R., "Additional 
             Algorithms and Identifiers for RSA Cryptography for use in 
             the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate 
             and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 4055, 
             June 2005. 

   [RFC3779] Lynn, C., Kent, S., and Seo, K., "X.509 Extensions for IP 
             Addresses and AS Identifiers", RFC 3779, June 2004. 

    

7.2. Informative References 

   [RSA]     Rivest, R., Shamir, A., and Adelman, L. M. 1978. A method 
             for obtaining digital signatures and public-key 
             cryptosystems. Commun. ACM 21, 2 (Feb.), 120-126. 

   [ARCH]    Lepinski, M., Kent, S., and Barnes, R., "An Infrastructure 
             to Support Secure Internet Routing," draft-ietf-sidr-arch-
             03.txt, February, 2008 (work in progress).   

   [RESCERT] Huston, G., Michaelson, G., and Loomans, R., "A Profile for 
             X.509 PKIX Resource Certificates," draft-ietf-sidr-res-
             certs-10.txt, June, 2008 (work in progress). 

    

    

    

    

    

    

 
 
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Authors' Addresses 

   Matt Lepinski 
   BBN Technologies 
   10 Moulton Street 
   Cambridge MA 02138 
    
   Email: mlepinski@bbn.com 
    
   Stephen Kent 
   BBN Technologies 
   10 Moulton Street 
   Cambridge MA 02138 
    
   Email: skent@bbn.com 
    
   Derrick Kong 
   BBN Technologies 
   10 Moulton Street 
   Cambridge MA 02138 
       
   Email: dkong@bbn.com 
    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    
 
 
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Intellectual Property Statement 

   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any 
   Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to 
   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in 
   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights 
   might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has 
   made any independent effort to identify any such rights.  Information 
   on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be 
   found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. 

   Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any 
   assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an 
   attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of 
   such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this 
   specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at 
   http://www.ietf.org/ipr. 

   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any 
   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary 
   rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement 
   this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF at 
   ietf-ipr@ietf.org. 

Disclaimer of Validity 

   This document and the information contained herein are provided on an 
   "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS 
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Lepinski, Kent and Kong  Expires January 2009                 [Page 14] 


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
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This draft is a work item of the Secure Inter-Domain Routing Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: A Profile for Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs)
	Author(s)	: S. Kent
	Filename	: draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-03.txt
	Pages		: 14
	Date		: 2008-7-7
	
This document defines a standard profile for Route Origin 
   Authorizations (ROAs).  A ROA is a digitally signed object that 
   provides a means of verifying that an IP address block holder has 
   authorized an Autonomous System (AS) to originate routes to that one 
   or more prefixes within the address block.

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Draft agendas are due one week from today.

If you would like to present a topic in the upcoming wg meeting, please 
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Please send the agenda request as soon as possible.  Keep in mind that the 
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PDT.

--Sandy
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Secure Inter-Domain Routing Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : Manifests for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure
	Author(s)       : R. Austein, et al.
	Filename        : draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-manifests-01.txt
	Pages           : 25
	Date            : 2008-07-14

This document defines a "manifest" for use in the Resource Public Key
Infrastructure.  A "manifest" is a signed object that contains a
listing of all the signed objects in the repository publication point
associated with an authority responsible for publishing in the
repository.  For each certificate, or other forms of signed objects
issued by the authority that are published at this repository
publication point, the manifest contains both the name of the file
containing the object, and a hash of the file content.  Manifests are
intended to expose potential attacks against relying parties of the
RPKI, such as a man-in-the middle withholding repository data or
replaying stale repository data.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-manifests-01.txt

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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Jul 14 13:35:29 2008
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Sandra Murphy wrote:
> Draft agendas are due one week from today.
> 
> If you would like to present a topic in the upcoming wg meeting, please 
> send the request to the list.  Or directly to the wg chairs, if you wish.
> 
> Please send the agenda request as soon as possible.  Keep in mind that 
> the wg chairs must compose and upload the agendas by next Wed, July 16, 
> 17:00 PDT.
> 

One of the authors of draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-manifests will present (for approx 10 minutes) on the changes to that draft in the -01 version. 


  Geoff
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Jul 14 13:39:10 2008
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Sandra Murphy wrote:
> Draft agendas are due one week from today.
> 
> If you would like to present a topic in the upcoming wg meeting, please 
> send the request to the list.  Or directly to the wg chairs, if you wish.
> 
> Please send the agenda request as soon as possible.  Keep in mind that 
> the wg chairs must compose and upload the agendas by next Wed, July 16, 
> 17:00 PDT.


The only change to the resource certificate profile draft (draft-ietf-sidr-res-certs-10.txt)
is the addition of text about "single use" and "multiple use" EE certificates.

It might make sense to have a 15 minute agenda item to expose this distinction
and see if it raises any issues for the WG. If not, then the authors would like
to poll the WG to see if we are done with this draft and do a WG Last Call.

Geoff
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Jul 14 13:49:26 2008
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Hi,

In reading draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-03.txt with the changes to the ROA format arising from the last WG meeting, I was wondering if there was a "canonical form" for a ROA, or not.

e.g. If I have a ROA that includes

10.0.0.0/8, maxlength=32
and
10.0.0.0/24 maxlength=32

then obviously the second entry is redundant. 


Also there are more "compressed" formats and less "compressed" formats

e.g.

10.0.0.0/8 maxlength=8
10.0.0.0/9 maxlength=9


could be "compressed" to

10.0.0.0/8 maxlength=9

My question is: is it of any value to define a "canonical" format for a ROA? 

Is there an obvious answer to this question that I am missing? 

Would you like to lead a WG discussion of  this question at the SIDR WG meeting, as an agenda item?

regards,

   Geoff
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Jul 14 13:53:59 2008
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Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2008 06:54:20 +1000
From: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
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Sandra Murphy wrote:
> Draft agendas are due one week from today.
> 
> If you would like to present a topic in the upcoming wg meeting, please 
> send the request to the list.  Or directly to the wg chairs, if you wish.
> 
> Please send the agenda request as soon as possible.  Keep in mind that 
> the wg chairs must compose and upload the agendas by next Wed, July 16, 
> 17:00 PDT.

One of the authors would like to present on the changes to draft-huston-sidr-repos-struct
for approx 15 minutes, and call upon the other WG chair (Sandy) with a request for WG adoption of
this draft.

thanks,

   Geoff
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>One of the authors of draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-manifests will present (for approx 10
>minutes) on the changes to that draft in the -01 version.

This is the only request for an agenda item that we've had so far.

Is there no one else who has a topic to discuss?

--Sandy
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From: Rob Austein <sra@isc.org>
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Subject: Re: [Sidr] Question about draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-03.txt
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At Tue, 15 Jul 2008 06:49:49 +1000, Geoff Huston wrote:
> 
> In reading draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-03.txt with the changes to the
> ROA format arising from the last WG meeting, I was wondering if
> there was a "canonical form" for a ROA, or not.
> 
> e.g. If I have a ROA that includes
> 
> 10.0.0.0/8, maxlength=32
> and
> 10.0.0.0/24 maxlength=32
> 
> then obviously the second entry is redundant. 

Yes.

> Also there are more "compressed" formats and less "compressed" formats
> 
> e.g.
> 
> 10.0.0.0/8 maxlength=8
> 10.0.0.0/9 maxlength=9
> 
> could be "compressed" to
> 
> 10.0.0.0/8 maxlength=9

No.  10.0.0.0/8-9 isn't 10.0.0.0/8,10.0.0.0/9.

10.0.0.0/8-9 is 10.0.0.0/8,10.0.0.0/9,10.128.0.0/9.

This stuff is trickier than it looks.

ABNF for those who haven't seen the above text notation before:

  <ROAIPAddress> ::= <address> "/" <prefixlen> [ "-" <maxLength> ]
			; Where <maxLength> defaults to the same
			; value as <prefixlen>.

  <ROAIPAddressList> ::= <ROAIPAddress> *( "," <ROAIPAddress> )

> My question is: is it of any value to define a "canonical" format
> for a ROA?

Perhaps, but the definition would likely be hard to get right and
harder to implement.  The only real definition I can think of would
involve computing the union of the set of prefixes expressed by each
prefix-maxLength pair, then attempting to compute some kind of minimal
expression of that set.  This also begs the question of whether it's
an error to specify a redundant set of prefix-maxLength pairs.

I suspect that in the vast majority of cases there will not be any
useful canonicalization to be performed, ie, the output of the
canonicalization function will end up being the same as the input.

In the absence of a useful definition of canonicalization, my own
implementation just includes the prefix-maxLength pairs as specified
by the user.
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Jul 15 07:11:08 2008
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Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2008 10:12:15 -0400
To: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sidr] Question about draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-03.txt
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At 6:49 AM +1000 7/15/08, Geoff Huston wrote:
>Hi,
>
>In reading draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-03.txt with the changes to the 
>ROA format arising from the last WG meeting, I was wondering if 
>there was a "canonical form" for a ROA, or not.
>
>e.g. If I have a ROA that includes
>
>10.0.0.0/8, maxlength=32
>and
>10.0.0.0/24 maxlength=32
>
>then obviously the second entry is redundant.
>
>Also there are more "compressed" formats and less "compressed" formats
>
>e.g.
>
>10.0.0.0/8 maxlength=8
>10.0.0.0/9 maxlength=9
>
>
>could be "compressed" to
>
>10.0.0.0/8 maxlength=9
>
>My question is: is it of any value to define a "canonical" format for a ROA?
>Is there an obvious answer to this question that I am missing?
>Would you like to lead a WG discussion of  this question at the SIDR 
>WG meeting, as an agenda item?
>
>regards,
>
>   Geoff

A canonical format is required for any signed object. ASN.1 will 
yield a canonical rep for the ipAddressBlocks SEQUENCE, but that is a 
different from the higher level canonical rep you're asking about. 
There the advantage to having such a rep is to better enable 
comparisons between the values in the ROAs and the associated EE 
certs. There is also the matter of being able to match BGP UPDATE 
prefixes against these values.

Prior to adding the max prefix length value, we had a canonical 
representation algorithm, based on the one defined for RFC 3779 
address extensions. The only issue is how that changes based on the 
inclusion of the maxlength parameter. I think we can define a new 
canonical representation by making an arbitrary decision about how to 
represent a given value when the use of the explicit maxlength value 
might introduce ambiguity. I'll leave the details for Matt to work 
out when he returns from vacation ;-).

Steve
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Jul 15 07:57:27 2008
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Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2008 10:58:34 -0400
To: Rob Austein <sra@isc.org>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
Cc: sidr@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sidr] Question about draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-03.txt
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Rob,

Geoff's question was about representing data in ROAs.

The ABNF you cite is for RPSL, right? This has become a complicated 
discussion because the max length parameter is taken from RPSL, but a 
ROA does not directly represent RPSL. Moreover, as I noted in my 
message to Geoff, one thing we do with a ROA is to check that the EE 
cert used to verify the signature on a ROA authorizes the assertion 
made by the ROA. So, we have to begin by comparing the ROA address 
prefixes against the RFC 3779 address ranges in the EE cert. That 
motivates the adoption of a canonical (at a high level) 
representation for these prefixes, augmented by the max length 
parameter.

So, we have to deal with two external data sources simultaneously: 
3779 extensions in the EE cert and the RPSL-inspired max length 
parameter. Also, after we have validated a ROA, we will use it to 
generate RPSL, so we have to keep that in mind as well :-).

Steve
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Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2008 11:28:01 -0400
From: Rob Austein <sra@isc.org>
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At Tue, 15 Jul 2008 10:58:34 -0400, Steve Kent wrote:
> 
> Geoff's question was about representing data in ROAs.

I know.

> The ABNF you cite is for RPSL, right?

No.  It's a text format that a friend and I cooked up in order to have
a way to write down ROA prefix lists as ASCII text, since some of us
need such a format in our implementations and it seemed potentially
useful to have one generally agreed upon text format rather than
having each implementation invent a new one.
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Jul 15 09:05:39 2008
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Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2008 11:53:07 -0400
To: Rob Austein <sra@isc.org>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
Cc: sidr@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sidr] Question about draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-03.txt
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At 11:28 AM -0400 7/15/08, Rob Austein wrote:
>At Tue, 15 Jul 2008 10:58:34 -0400, Steve Kent wrote:
>>
>>  Geoff's question was about representing data in ROAs.
>
>I know.
>
>>  The ABNF you cite is for RPSL, right?
>
>No.  It's a text format that a friend and I cooked up in order to have
>a way to write down ROA prefix lists as ASCII text, since some of us
>need such a format in our implementations and it seemed potentially
>useful to have one generally agreed upon text format rather than
>having each implementation invent a new one.

Oh, now I'm really confused. Geoff gave an example motivated by data 
from a ROA, and used a syntax for his example. I didn't see where 
Geoff indicated that the syntax he used in his example was the one 
you and a fried cooked up, vs. anything else.

Steve
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Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2008 12:15:43 -0400
From: Rob Austein <sra@isc.org>
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At Tue, 15 Jul 2008 11:53:07 -0400, Steve Kent wrote:
> 
> Oh, now I'm really confused. Geoff gave an example motivated by data 
> from a ROA, and used a syntax for his example. I didn't see where 
> Geoff indicated that the syntax he used in his example was the one 
> you and a fried cooked up, vs. anything else.

I know that the authors of the ROA specification have seen the text
syntax I was using before, because it was after seeing that ABNF that
one of your co-authors decided to make the maxLength field optional in
the ROA ASN.1.

But perhaps, rather than arguing about notation, it might be more
useful to go back to my response to Geoff, now that you understand
that I was talking about ROAs, not RPSL.
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Jul 15 11:37:36 2008
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Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2008 13:34:33 -0400
To: Rob Austein <sra@isc.org>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
Cc: sidr@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sidr] Question about draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-03.txt
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At 12:15 PM -0400 7/15/08, Rob Austein wrote:
>At Tue, 15 Jul 2008 11:53:07 -0400, Steve Kent wrote:
>>
>>  Oh, now I'm really confused. Geoff gave an example motivated by data
>>  from a ROA, and used a syntax for his example. I didn't see where
>>  Geoff indicated that the syntax he used in his example was the one
>>  you and a fried cooked up, vs. anything else.
>
>I know that the authors of the ROA specification have seen the text
>syntax I was using before, because it was after seeing that ABNF that
>one of your co-authors decided to make the maxLength field optional in
>the ROA ASN.1.

I am one of the two active co-authors, and I didn't remember it :-).

>But perhaps, rather than arguing about notation,

Agreed.

>it might be more
>useful to go back to my response to Geoff, now that you understand
>that I was talking about ROAs, not RPSL.


My response was in the the part of my previous message that you 
elided in your response.

Steve
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Jul 16 13:58:08 2008
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Rob Austein wrote:
> At Tue, 15 Jul 2008 06:49:49 +1000, Geoff Huston wrote:
>> In reading draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-03.txt with the changes to the
>> ROA format arising from the last WG meeting, I was wondering if
>> there was a "canonical form" for a ROA, or not.

[...]
> 
> Perhaps, but the definition would likely be hard to get right and
> harder to implement.  The only real definition I can think of would
> involve computing the union of the set of prefixes expressed by each
> prefix-maxLength pair, then attempting to compute some kind of minimal
> expression of that set.  This also begs the question of whether it's
> an error to specify a redundant set of prefix-maxLength pairs.

Well the middle of that paragraph is an algorithm, to be sure, but is it
the same as the specification of a "canonical form"?

To put it in a slightly different way, what I wondering was is there a
means of specifying this "minimal expression" you refer to?

> 
> I suspect that in the vast majority of cases there will not be any
> useful canonicalization to be performed, ie, the output of the
> canonicalization function will end up being the same as the input.

My intuition about use cases leads me to a different conclusion, but
its all speculation at this stage, of course.

My question was motivated by working through some interface issues in
terms of tools to manage ROAs, and the concepts of comparison operators
and equivalence came up. I was wondering how to compare the address part
of ROAs for equivalence and from this I was lead to the question of
canonical representations, since at some point you either have to fully 
expand (this could be potentially yicky - 10.0.0.0/8-24 would be a relatively
large set I guess) or fully compress the ROA into some "canonical form" in 
order to undertake the  comparison operation.

regards,

  Geoff

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Cc: dkong@bbn.com, Steve Kent <skent@bbn.com>, sidr@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sidr] Question about draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-03.txt
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On Tue, Jul 15, 2008 at 06:49:49AM +1000, Geoff Huston wrote:
> My question is: is it of any value to define a "canonical" format for a 
> ROA? 

I don't think it adds much in the way of value to enforce this within
the ROA.  The noise it adds is harmless.

-- Jeff
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Date: Thu, 17 Jul 2008 14:03:42 +1000
From: Robert Loomans <robertl@apnic.net>
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Jeffrey Haas wrote:
> On Tue, Jul 15, 2008 at 06:49:49AM +1000, Geoff Huston wrote:
>> My question is: is it of any value to define a "canonical" format for a 
>> ROA? 

I believe that we should have a canonical form for the resources in a 
ROA, and that we mandate that form in the ROA.

If you cannot define a canonical form, how do you define equivalence?

(Yes, you can define equivalence algorithmically, but that algorithm is 
essentially a method for deriving a canonical form...)

Are we saying we don't need a definition of equivalence?

> I don't think it adds much in the way of value to enforce this within
> the ROA.  The noise it adds is harmless.

Having a canonical form can reduce the number of interoperability 
problems and makes writing test cases easier.

Rob

-- 
Robert Loomans                                  Email: robertl@apnic.net
Senior Software Engineer, APNIC                 Phone:   +61 7 3858 3100
http://www.apnic.net                              Fax:   +61 7 3858 3199

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Robert Loomans wrote:
> Jeffrey Haas wrote:
>> On Tue, Jul 15, 2008 at 06:49:49AM +1000, Geoff Huston wrote:
>>> My question is: is it of any value to define a "canonical" format for 
>>> a ROA? 
> 
> I believe that we should have a canonical form for the resources in a 
> ROA, and that we mandate that form in the ROA.
> 
> If you cannot define a canonical form, how do you define equivalence?
> 
> (Yes, you can define equivalence algorithmically, but that algorithm is 
> essentially a method for deriving a canonical form...)
> 
> Are we saying we don't need a definition of equivalence?

Can you give an example of where this would be useful?

Robert
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jul 17 01:02:13 2008
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From: Rob Austein <sra@isc.org>
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At Thu, 17 Jul 2008 06:58:34 +1000, Geoff Huston wrote:
> 
> > Perhaps, but the definition would likely be hard to get right and
> > harder to implement.  The only real definition I can think of would
> > involve computing the union of the set of prefixes expressed by each
> > prefix-maxLength pair, then attempting to compute some kind of minimal
> > expression of that set.  This also begs the question of whether it's
> > an error to specify a redundant set of prefix-maxLength pairs.
> 
> Well the middle of that paragraph is an algorithm, to be sure, but is it
> the same as the specification of a "canonical form"?

Almost certainly not, since the whole point of the maxLength parameter
in the ASN.1 is to avoid having to specify the full expansion of the
set of prefixes in the ROA.

> To put it in a slightly different way, what I wondering was is there a
> means of specifying this "minimal expression" you refer to?

Aye, that is the question.  I've tried to specify an algorithm for
this twice already, and failed both times.  I have a third approach in
mind as I type this, dunno yet whether it'll work, and I haven't even
gotten to the point of trying to optimize this.  I'm not saying this
can't be done, but it's significantly harder than figuring out whether
a ROA covers a particular prefix or figuring out what RFC 3779
resources a certificate must contain to cover a ROA.

> My question was motivated by working through some interface issues in
> terms of tools to manage ROAs, and the concepts of comparison operators
> and equivalence came up. I was wondering how to compare the address part
> of ROAs for equivalence and from this I was lead to the question of
> canonical representations, since at some point you either have to fully 
> expand (this could be potentially yicky - 10.0.0.0/8-24 would be a relatively
> large set I guess) or fully compress the ROA into some "canonical form" in 
> order to undertake the  comparison operation.

As Jeff and the other Robs have been discussing, there's some question
of whether one actually needs an equivalence operation; more
precisely, whether one needs an efficient equivalence operation.

Absent somebody being very clever, either the ROA producer or the ROA
consumer will have to perform the icky expansion, whether to generate
the canonical form or to do the comparision.  If equivalence tests are
an operation that we expect consumers to need to do frequently, it
makes sense for the producer to do the work of generating a canonical
form.  But it's far from clear to me that ROA equivalence per se is an
important operation for the consumer.  If most consumer don't care,
perhaps we should leave the work to the few consumers that do care.
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jul 17 05:51:16 2008
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From: Jeffrey Haas <jhaas@pfrc.org>
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On Thu, Jul 17, 2008 at 04:02:34AM -0400, Rob Austein wrote:
> > To put it in a slightly different way, what I wondering was is there a
> > means of specifying this "minimal expression" you refer to?
> 
> Aye, that is the question.  I've tried to specify an algorithm for
> this twice already, and failed both times.

Unless I have missed something about the subtleties of an ROA, the
prefixes contained therein are of the form:
<prefix> [maxlen <n>] | n >= prefix-length.

Given any two prefixes, A and B of the above form where A has the
shorter prefix length:
If prefix A covers prefix B and
maxlength A >= maxlength B
Then A completely covers B and B is redundant.

If prefix A covers prefix B and
maxlength B > maxlength A
Then B has a portion of it's address space that is not covered by A.

Given the above, you can pair-wise compare each prefix and eliminate
redundant prefixes.  (Insert common optimizations of pre-sorting by
prefix length, etc.)

I'd honestly just expect implementors to toss the prefixes into a prefix
trie and not worry about the redundant nodes.

> As Jeff and the other Robs have been discussing, there's some question
> of whether one actually needs an equivalence operation; more
> precisely, whether one needs an efficient equivalence operation.

The main concern would be someone's ROA having so much noise in it that
it's consider a resource exhaustion attack.  Given that people would be
using these things to say "hey, I want traffic to reach my network!" it
seems less than likely that someone would intentionally try to do that,
especially since the response is to blacklist the ROA.

-- Jeff
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To: Sandra Murphy <sandy@sparta.com>
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  > Draft agendas are due one week from today.
  > 
  > If you would like to present a topic in the upcoming wg meeting, please 
  > send the request to the list.  Or directly to the wg chairs, if you wish.
  > 
  > Please send the agenda request as soon as possible.  Keep in mind that the 
  > wg chairs must compose and upload the agendas by next Wed, July 16, 17:00 
  > PDT.
I'd like to ramble a bit about 
"Using RPKI secured data for existing routing policy tools"

Regards,
  Ruediger
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I have uploaded a new agenda, adding Ruediger's requested agenda slot.

--Sandy
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Jul 28 11:07:40 2008
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Terry et al.,
I just had a chance to read this..  As I stated at the microphone,
I'm quite interested in understanding the motivations for an
alternative mechanism at this point, as I'm concerned that given
all the other work that needs to be done, this will increase attack
surfaces without adding needed capabilities.

Do you mind iterating the motivations for this work, they're not
in the current version of the draft?  I'm genuinely interested in
your input here, as given that you're going to be the one that has
to implement, there's likely some obvious gaps (beyond "to
scale") you're aiming to fill, gaps which aren't entirely obvious
for me yet.

Thanks!

-danny


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From: Andy Newton <andy@arin.net>
To: Danny McPherson <danny@tcb.net>, "sidr@ietf.org" <sidr@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 14:29:03 -0400
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On 7/28/08 2:07 PM, "Danny McPherson" <danny@tcb.net> wrote:

> Do you mind iterating the motivations for this work, they're not
> in the current version of the draft?  I'm genuinely interested in
> your input here, as given that you're going to be the one that has
> to implement, there's likely some obvious gaps (beyond "to
> scale") you're aiming to fill, gaps which aren't entirely obvious
> for me yet.

Not being Terry, but I'd like to expand on Terry's scalability point.  The
number of tools available to for scaling HTTP are far greater than that for
rsync.  The same is true about monitoring tools, which is important for
large installations.

Additionally, if there were ever a need to put any "intelligence" on the
server side, the number of ways to do so with HTTP are far, far greater than
the number of ways to do that with rsync.  Of course, at the moment such a
need does not exist.

-andy

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Hi Danny,

There are several motivations for an additional / alternative  
mechanism for retrieval as I see it. We know that RSYNC is a MUST in  
the SIA of the issued RPKI certificate, and it then allows further  
multiple additional fetch URIs where order of those URIs is the  
preferred order of use according to the issuer.

Putting on the hat of a relying party, if for some reason the highest  
order URI is not immediately available it would be preferable to have  
access to a heterogeneous method and location to retrieve the  
information.

 From the perspective of the issuer, I should (I think) do whatever it  
takes to ensure that this information is available whenever a relying  
party requires it. Having a second valid and known mechanism to do  
this helps enormously for the obvious reasons.

As Andy mentioned there are a plethora of tools and techniques for  
building robust http(s) services, remembering that I'm not the only  
one who needs to do this. Every single entity that issues their own  
RPKI objects needs to place these objects in a repository, some will  
opt to use the repositories of their RIRs, other will not. Those  
others will need to create a robust repository structure and they may  
have their own preference for the server infrastructure in their  
organisation, this allows them to put focus on their preference, being  
either RSYNC or HTTP.

The ubiquity of HTTP provides a strong platform for both server and  
client development. I'm not sure it would expose an attack surface by  
adding http. It may be that specifying just https may eliminate  
additional vectors. Do you have any in mind?

A social aspect that I'm cognisant of is that there appeared to be  
reluctance by some parties to accept the rescerts draft because it had  
a non-ietf reference implementation which potentially could raise  
issues about interoperability between releases. This draft should  
nullify those as it does provide an IETF standard for retrieval - so  
with luck allowing the pivotal draft in question to gain adoption  
faster.

I'm not forgetting Rob A's mic comments about looking deeper into the  
TCP behaviours and the overall efficiency of the entire retrieval of  
all the objects at a publication point. Similarly Andy N's comments  
about making HTTP 1.1 a MUST and also to look at connection creation  
in light of HTTPS.

An attraction for me with the algorithm as stated is making the  
manifest the synchronisation point and unambiguously giving the  
retrieval decisions to the client, that is the client then has the  
explicit choice.

Does that help or add to your understand of where I'm coming from with  
this work?

Cheers
Terry


On 29/07/2008, at 4:07 AM, Danny McPherson wrote:

> Terry et al.,
> I just had a chance to read this..  As I stated at the microphone,
> I'm quite interested in understanding the motivations for an
> alternative mechanism at this point, as I'm concerned that given
> all the other work that needs to be done, this will increase attack
> surfaces without adding needed capabilities.
>
> Do you mind iterating the motivations for this work, they're not
> in the current version of the draft?  I'm genuinely interested in
> your input here, as given that you're going to be the one that has
> to implement, there's likely some obvious gaps (beyond "to
> scale") you're aiming to fill, gaps which aren't entirely obvious
> for me yet.
>
> Thanks!
>
> -danny



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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Secure Inter-Domain Routing Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : A Profile for X.509 PKIX Resource Certificates
	Author(s)       : G. Huston, et al.
	Filename        : draft-ietf-sidr-res-certs-11.txt
	Pages           : 31
	Date            : 2008-07-31

This document defines a standard profile for X.509 certificates for
the purposes of supporting validation of assertions of "right-to-use"
of an Internet Number Resource (IP Addresses and Autonomous System
Numbers).  This profile is used to convey the issuer's authorization
of the subject to be regarded as the current holder of a "right-of-
use" of the IP addresses and AS numbers that are described in the
issued certificate.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sidr-res-certs-11.txt

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