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From: Sandra Murphy <sandy@sparta.com>
To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
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Subject: Re: [sidr] One and only one RPKI
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People seem to be confusing one specification with one trust anchor.

And also not noting that the ability of a relying party to choose a trust 
anchor is a big get-out-of-jail-free card for those who are allergic to 
the idea of one root.  NOT that I'm recommending using that card.

--Sandy

On Fri, 28 Nov 2008, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:

>
> if indeed there is agreement on one and only one RPKI, then
> one of the primary advantages of using the IP protocols will
> be lost.
>
> there is -zero- requirement for full, continious interconnectivity
> in the base IP protocol. creation of a mandate for a single, one
> and only RPKI, forces folks into an always on, always connected
> mode ...  and i am not sure how well this presumption will work
> for things like mannet/monnet networking.
>
> --bill
>
> _______________________________________________
> sidr mailing list
> sidr@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr
>
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec  1 06:23:25 2008
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 perhaps you are right Sandy, its that confusing subject line,
 "One and Only One RPKI" that triggered my response.

--bill


On Mon, Dec 01, 2008 at 09:10:26AM -0500, Sandra Murphy wrote:
> People seem to be confusing one specification with one trust anchor.
> 
> And also not noting that the ability of a relying party to choose a trust 
> anchor is a big get-out-of-jail-free card for those who are allergic to 
> the idea of one root.  NOT that I'm recommending using that card.
> 
> --Sandy
> 
> On Fri, 28 Nov 2008, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> 
> >
> >if indeed there is agreement on one and only one RPKI, then
> >one of the primary advantages of using the IP protocols will
> >be lost.
> >
> >there is -zero- requirement for full, continious interconnectivity
> >in the base IP protocol. creation of a mandate for a single, one
> >and only RPKI, forces folks into an always on, always connected
> >mode ...  and i am not sure how well this presumption will work
> >for things like mannet/monnet networking.
> >
> >--bill
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >sidr mailing list
> >sidr@ietf.org
> >https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr
> >
_______________________________________________
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec  1 07:36:40 2008
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2008 10:29:25 -0500
To: "tom.petch" <cfinss@dial.pipex.com>
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Subject: Re: [sidr] One and only one RPKI
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At 7:40 PM +0100 11/26/08, tom.petch wrote:
>piggybacking, a question that has been bugging me , what is an RPKI?

The resource PKI is an instance of a PKI, devoted to issuing certs 
for the "resources" that are managed by IANA and the RIRs, i.e., 
Internet address space and autonomous system numbers.

>Is it an 'object class' of which the one discussed within sidr is an object
>instance?

There is only one resource allocation system for the Internet, so 
there is only one RPKI.

>or is it something invented by sidr/RPSEC/IETF etc and does not
>exist outside this?

SIDR is creating the standards that define the RPKI, while IANA and 
the RIRs are implementing CAs, protocols, and repositories consistent 
with those standards.

>I have been through the I-Ds and they all seem to take this knowledge
>as a prerequisite but without any normative reference thereto.

Sorry that we didn't do an adequate job there.  We will revisit the 
documents , primarily the architecture document, and see how we can 
improve the communication.

>Perhaps draft-ietf-sidr-arch could contain an explanation (and an expansion
>of  RPKI when first it appears:-).

yes, it should!

Steve
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2008 11:23:23 -0500
To: George Michaelson <ggm@apnic.net>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
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Subject: Re: [sidr] Request for WG Last Call for
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At 6:12 PM -0600 11/24/08, George Michaelson wrote:
>Some people now appear to want an *implicit* meaning of 'if not in 
>ROA, then excluded' -but, they also somehow want this to be 
>conditional.

I an incremental deployment context, a context with which we will 
have to deal for several (many?) years, we can't reject all 
assertions that are not verifiable via use of ROAs.

>Secondly, there is a semantic difference between 'all which is not 
>explicitly permitted is forbidden' and 'this is explicitly 
>forbidden'.

ibid.

>We have tried to make an explicit semantic around the word NOT:
>
>	NOT prefix <x>/<y>
>
>ie do NOT accept <x>/<y> as a valid route. Thats what a BOA says. 
>its explicit what prefixes are being knocked out.
>
>Others seem to want an *implicit* NOT. But, it appears to be a 
>conditionally implicit NOT: how can you decide when it does, or does 
>not apply?
>
>This is of course two different problems:
>
>1) how do you conditionally flag it does or doesn't apply? The ROA 
>has no syntax for this
>2) what is the scope of the "NOT" logic?
>
>in an explicit (BOA) world, the scope can be any prefix(s) you like: 
>its an explicit statement of intent around the NOT word.

a BOA cannot make assertions about prefixes the issues does not 
control, so the statement above is not quite true.

>in a world of ROA only, the only NOT you can have is "anything else" 
>so its demonstrably semantically weaker.

I proposed issuing a ROA with an AS of 1, so that it would explicitly 
"trump" any non-authenticated assertions about the prefix(es) in 
question. That is a counter to the generally less-powerful ROA 
semantics, yet it requires no new processing by relying parties. 
That's why I prefer a ROA-based approach to a BOA-based approach.

Steve
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2008 11:31:58 -0500
To: Andy Newton <andy@arin.net>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
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Subject: Re: [sidr] Request for WG Last Call for
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Given Geoff's examples of how to use BOAs, I think the only vase that 
cannot be handled by the ROA use convention I proposed is the 
negative assertion about As numbers.

Geoff, do you agree?

Steve
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec  1 11:59:38 2008
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From: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
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WG Hair hat OFF

Hi Steve,

What I _think_ you describes as the "ROA use convention" is the use of  
a ROA with an AS of 0 to act as an explicit denial in terms of saying  
"these prefixes are bogons". I could be wrong in my understanding of  
course.

I must admit that right now I don't think I understand your proposed  
"ROA use convention" clearly enough to agree with your assertion

The BOA Approach:

The BOA document is coupled with the ROA validation document so that  
the ROA interpretation and the BOA interpretation are explicitly  
described. in this context the ROA does NOT act with a double meaning  
- it is an explicit authority without any implicit negation  
connotations. The presence of a ROA does not act as a form of negation  
of any other form of route origination. The BOA has no max length  
attribute - any more specific of any prefix described in the BOA is  
encompassed in the BOA.

The "ROA use convention":

This "ROA use convention" has me confused. In particular my confusion  
lies in the following areas:

   1. Does a 'convention ROA' has any implicit denial associated with  
it, or is it a simple positive assertion as described above?

   2. How should a ROA with a AS value of 0 and a maxlength attribute  
be interpreted.
       Does a ROA for prefix=10.0.0.0/8 maxlength=8, AS=0 say anything  
at all about 10.0.0.0/9?

So if you don't mind I'll reserve judgement on your question and  
observe that while the BOA adds a further object to the repertoire of  
'recognised' RPKI signed objects, it does so in a manner that makes  
negation explicit, does not rely on variable interpretation of ROAs,  
does not stretch the ROA semantics beyond the simple positive  
authority to as AS to originate a route and allows for incremental  
piecemeal deployment in the network.

Regards,

    Geoff



On 02/12/2008, at 3:31 AM, Stephen Kent wrote:

> Given Geoff's examples of how to use BOAs, I think the only vase  
> that cannot be handled by the ROA use convention I proposed is the  
> negative assertion about As numbers.
>
> Geoff, do you agree?
>
> Steve

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On Nov 25, 2008, at 6:39 PM, Geoff Huston wrote:
>
> Sure. So here's some use cases of BOAs:
>
> 1. I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24. I do not use it today in  
> any public routing context. It should not appear in BGP at all. I do  
> not give my authorization to any AS to originate a route for this  
> prefix, or any more specific of this prefix. If I generate a BOA for  
> 203.10.61.0/24 then my intention of saying that any use of this  
> prefix in the public Internet is unauthorized is clear.

If you do not give your authorization then do not issue a ROA.
With the incremental deployment argument, I'm not sure who would
be looking at BOAs if they're not looking at ROAs.

> 2. I have been allocated AS 131074 as an AS number. I do not use it  
> today in any public routing context. It should not appear in BGP at  
> all either as an origination AS nor as a transit AS in any AS path.  
> If I generate a BOA for AS131074 then my intention of saying that  
> any use of this AS number in the public Internet is unauthorized is  
> clear.

But the draft currently does not mitigate "nor as a transit AS",
unless I'm missing something.  Specifically:

S.5 graf 2:

"If a route object has an AS origination that refers to an AS number  
that is listed in a valid BOA, then the route object can be regarded  
as a Bogon object, and local policies that apply to Bogon AS's can be  
applied to the object. This holds whether or not the address prefix of  
the route object is described by a valid ROA or not."

I see nothing about "or as a transit AS" in there.

> 3. I have been allocated 203.10.60.0/22. I wish to ensure that any  
> more specific advertisement of this prefix is unauthorized. If I  
> generate a BOA for 203.10.60.0/23 AND 203.10.62.0/23 then my  
> intention is clear.

I still don't by it..  As an operator, you tell me who is authorized
to originate and that's the only origin AS I accept.  That's easier to
configure in a router, requires less objects in the RPKI, and makes life
much simpler.

> And a non-use case of BOAs:
>
> 4. I am a wholesale ISP, and while I allocate address space to my  
> clients from my aggregate address block (10.0.0.0/8) I also permit  
> my clients to use their more specific prefix at local exchanges. My  
> AS number is 131072 and I have generated a ROA for 10.0.0.0/8 ,  
> maxlength=8  origin AS 131072. I do not have a problem with more  
> specifics of 10.0.0.0/8 being used in routing contexts, as part of  
> my wholesale stance. I would prefer that my ROA did not cause my  
> customer's more specifics to be treated as unauthorized routes,  
> irrespective of whether they are ready to use a ROA today or not.


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BOA I-D authors,
Perhaps some of my confusion from this discussion stems from
the use of the term "bogon".  So, with that, I have two more
questions I'm hoping will help clarify the goals here for me.

1) Given the use of the term "bogon" within sidr today, it's
clearly much wider than the traditional "unallocated from
IANA or an RIR" AS number or prefix.  Exactly what is a "bogon"
in your mind, and shouldn't it be spelled out in the draft?
The use of the term "invalid" recurs throughout, but what
constitutes a bogon here appears to be well beyond today's
operational interpretation of such a term.  Projecting this
effort under the auspices of "bogons" as we know them today
seems a bit inadequate.

2) The BOA draft suggests that if a valid ROA exists for a
given prefix then a BOA should be disregarded.  Can you explain
to me where or why this apparent conflict would occur?

3) Also, I'm still not entirely up to speed here, but say, as
an ISP, I issue a ROA for a prefix I want to permit another
AS to originate.  IF a BOA exists for the AS originating the
route then according to the BOA draft "local policies" should
be enacted (e.g., drop the "route object").  However, if for
a prefix, then if a ROA exists it should essentially trump the
BOA.  Could you explain the logic behind this text?

Thanks!

-danny
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WG Chair hat off

On 02/12/2008, at 9:34 AM, Danny McPherson wrote:

>
> On Nov 25, 2008, at 6:39 PM, Geoff Huston wrote:
>>
>> Sure. So here's some use cases of BOAs:
>>
>> 1. I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24. I do not use it today in  
>> any public routing context. It should not appear in BGP at all. I  
>> do not give my authorization to any AS to originate a route for  
>> this prefix, or any more specific of this prefix. If I generate a  
>> BOA for 203.10.61.0/24 then my intention of saying that any use of  
>> this prefix in the public Internet is unauthorized is clear.
>
> If you do not give your authorization then do not issue a ROA.
> With the incremental deployment argument, I'm not sure who would
> be looking at BOAs if they're not looking at ROAs.

I'm sorry, but I cannot see any logic in that response. If I do not  
give my authorization and I would like to inform everyone else that  
any use of this address, or this AS is an instance of a hijack then  
your response seems to be saying to me that I should not do anything.  
If that is what you are saying then it seems to be a totally  
ineffectual course of action in my opinion.




>
>
>> 2. I have been allocated AS 131074 as an AS number. I do not use it  
>> today in any public routing context. It should not appear in BGP at  
>> all either as an origination AS nor as a transit AS in any AS path.  
>> If I generate a BOA for AS131074 then my intention of saying that  
>> any use of this AS number in the public Internet is unauthorized is  
>> clear.
>
> But the draft currently does not mitigate "nor as a transit AS",
> unless I'm missing something.  Specifically:
>
> S.5 graf 2:
>
> "If a route object has an AS origination that refers to an AS number  
> that is listed in a valid BOA, then the route object can be regarded  
> as a Bogon object, and local policies that apply to Bogon AS's can  
> be applied to the object. This holds whether or not the address  
> prefix of the route object is described by a valid ROA or not."
>
> I see nothing about "or as a transit AS" in there.

My apologies - we are not allowed to talk about transit yet as its not  
an agreed requirement coming out of RSPSEC. So if I remove "nor as a  
transit AS" and sundry words then I trust that the point I was making  
is amply clear.



>
>
>> 3. I have been allocated 203.10.60.0/22. I wish to ensure that any  
>> more specific advertisement of this prefix is unauthorized. If I  
>> generate a BOA for 203.10.60.0/23 AND 203.10.62.0/23 then my  
>> intention is clear.
>
> I still don't by it..  As an operator, you tell me who is authorized
> to originate and that's the only origin AS I accept.  That's easier to
> configure in a router, requires less objects in the RPKI, and makes  
> life
> much simpler.


No security at all makes like enormously simpler.  At some point it is  
necessary to understand what makes a robust security environemnt even  
in a world of partial use and piecemeal adoptions and then work  
through the issues related to operational deployment. But you appear  
to have some other approach in mind.



>
>
>> And a non-use case of BOAs:
>>
>> 4. I am a wholesale ISP, and while I allocate address space to my  
>> clients from my aggregate address block (10.0.0.0/8) I also permit  
>> my clients to use their more specific prefix at local exchanges. My  
>> AS number is 131072 and I have generated a ROA for 10.0.0.0/8 ,  
>> maxlength=8  origin AS 131072. I do not have a problem with more  
>> specifics of 10.0.0.0/8 being used in routing contexts, as part of  
>> my wholesale stance. I would prefer that my ROA did not cause my  
>> customer's more specifics to be treated as unauthorized routes,  
>> irrespective of whether they are ready to use a ROA today or not.
>
>


Geoff

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 draft-ietf-sidr-bogons-02.txt and draft-ietf-sidr-roa-validation-01.txt
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On Mon, 1 Dec 2008, Danny McPherson wrote:

>
> On Nov 25, 2008, at 6:39 PM, Geoff Huston wrote:
>> 
>> Sure. So here's some use cases of BOAs:
>> 
>> 1. I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24. I do not use it today in any 
>> public routing context. It should not appear in BGP at all. I do not give 
>> my authorization to any AS to originate a route for this prefix, or any 
>> more specific of this prefix. If I generate a BOA for 203.10.61.0/24 then 
>> my intention of saying that any use of this prefix in the public Internet 
>> is unauthorized is clear.
>
> If you do not give your authorization then do not issue a ROA.
> With the incremental deployment argument, I'm not sure who would
> be looking at BOAs if they're not looking at ROAs.

The issue in incremental deployment is not what the people who haven't 
deployed it should do but what the people who DO deploy it should do. 
What do the people who DO understand ROAs(and BOAs) do when they see 
something unsecured - it might be legit, just not produced by someone who 
understands ROAs(BOAs).

>
>> 2. I have been allocated AS 131074 as an AS number. I do not use it today 
>> in any public routing context. It should not appear in BGP at all either as 
>> an origination AS nor as a transit AS in any AS path. If I generate a BOA 
>> for AS131074 then my intention of saying that any use of this AS number in 
>> the public Internet is unauthorized is clear.
>
> But the draft currently does not mitigate "nor as a transit AS",
> unless I'm missing something.  Specifically:
>
> S.5 graf 2:
>
> "If a route object has an AS origination that refers to an AS number that is 
> listed in a valid BOA, then the route object can be regarded as a Bogon 
> object, and local policies that apply to Bogon AS's can be applied to the 
> object. This holds whether or not the address prefix of the route object is 
> described by a valid ROA or not."
>
> I see nothing about "or as a transit AS" in there.
>
>> 3. I have been allocated 203.10.60.0/22. I wish to ensure that any more 
>> specific advertisement of this prefix is unauthorized. If I generate a BOA 
>> for 203.10.60.0/23 AND 203.10.62.0/23 then my intention is clear.
>
> I still don't by it..  As an operator, you tell me who is authorized
> to originate and that's the only origin AS I accept.  That's easier to
> configure in a router, requires less objects in the RPKI, and makes life
> much simpler.

So it seems you are in the "and that's all" camp in interpreting ROAs, 
right?

Does your answer assume operators are using ROAs to produce route filters? 
Does your answer change if operators are using ROAs in the decision 
procedure, as presented at the last meeting?

--Sandy

>
>> And a non-use case of BOAs:
>> 
>> 4. I am a wholesale ISP, and while I allocate address space to my clients 
>> from my aggregate address block (10.0.0.0/8) I also permit my clients to 
>> use their more specific prefix at local exchanges. My AS number is 131072 
>> and I have generated a ROA for 10.0.0.0/8 , maxlength=8  origin AS 131072. 
>> I do not have a problem with more specifics of 10.0.0.0/8 being used in 
>> routing contexts, as part of my wholesale stance. I would prefer that my 
>> ROA did not cause my customer's more specifics to be treated as 
>> unauthorized routes, irrespective of whether they are ready to use a ROA 
>> today or not.
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> sidr mailing list
> sidr@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr
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> So it seems you are in the "and that's all" camp in interpreting ROAs,
> right?
> 
> Does your answer assume operators are using ROAs to produce route
> filters? Does your answer change if operators are using ROAs in the
> decision procedure, as presented at the last meeting?

from my pov, no

randy
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On 19/11/2008, at 2:40 AM, Robert Kisteleki wrote:

> Hi,
>
> After my (rushed) presentation yesterday I'd like to ask if there  
> are people in the WG who think that this idea is worth pursuing and  
> should it be a WG item?
>
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kisteleki-sidr-rpsl-sig-00.txt

WG Co-Chair hat ON

Thank you for your presentation to the WG at the last IETF meeting.

After asking the WG for their views on this question, I have reviewed  
the WG email on this question, the SIDR charter, and consulted with  
the relevant Routing AD on the charter issue, and as a result I am in  
a position to conclude that I have observed a rough consensus on the  
part of the Working Group in favour of adoption of this document as a  
WG item.

I would like to request that you edit your draft to reflect this,  
(draft-ietf-sidr-rpsl-sig) and submit this draft as a WG document.

Kind regards,

    Geoff Huston
    co-char SIDR WG.






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From: "Pradosh Mohapatra (pmohapat)" <pmohapat@cisco.com>
To: "Geoff Huston" <gih@apnic.net>, "Danny McPherson" <danny@tcb.net>
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Hi Geoff,

| >> 1. I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24. I do not use it 
| today in any 
| >> public routing context. It should not appear in BGP at 
| all. I do not 
| >> give my authorization to any AS to originate a route for 
| this prefix, 
| >> or any more specific of this prefix. If I generate a BOA for 
| >> 203.10.61.0/24 then my intention of saying that any use of this 
| >> prefix in the public Internet is unauthorized is clear.
| >
| > If you do not give your authorization then do not issue a ROA.
| > With the incremental deployment argument, I'm not sure who would be 
| > looking at BOAs if they're not looking at ROAs.
| 
| I'm sorry, but I cannot see any logic in that response. If I 
| do not give my authorization and I would like to inform 
| everyone else that any use of this address, or this AS is an 
| instance of a hijack then your response seems to be saying to 
| me that I should not do anything.  
| If that is what you are saying then it seems to be a totally 
| ineffectual course of action in my opinion.


What if: when "I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24", I issue an
ROA for the same with my origin AS? Doesn't that automatically
mean that all the advertisements of the prefix from another origin
AS are automatically invalid? And since I will not be generating
any updates for this prefix, it will not appear in BGP at all!
Doesn't that solve the problem you cited? Are you concerned that
some other AS would also issue an ROA for the same or a more
specific block of the prefix? That can't be!


| >> 2. I have been allocated AS 131074 as an AS number. I do 
| not use it 
| >> today in any public routing context. It should not appear 
| in BGP at 
| >> all either as an origination AS nor as a transit AS in any AS path.
| >> If I generate a BOA for AS131074 then my intention of 
| saying that any 
| >> use of this AS number in the public Internet is unauthorized is 
| >> clear.
| >
| > But the draft currently does not mitigate "nor as a transit AS", 
| > unless I'm missing something.  Specifically:
| >
| > S.5 graf 2:
| >
| > "If a route object has an AS origination that refers to an 
| AS number 
| > that is listed in a valid BOA, then the route object can be 
| regarded 
| > as a Bogon object, and local policies that apply to Bogon 
| AS's can be 
| > applied to the object. This holds whether or not the 
| address prefix of 
| > the route object is described by a valid ROA or not."
| >
| > I see nothing about "or as a transit AS" in there.
| 
| My apologies - we are not allowed to talk about transit yet 
| as its not an agreed requirement coming out of RSPSEC. So if 
| I remove "nor as a transit AS" and sundry words then I trust 
| that the point I was making is amply clear.


How important is the case of "AS protection" as opposed to
"prefix" protection? Doesn't this automatically become a
by-product of ROA level checks?


| >> 3. I have been allocated 203.10.60.0/22. I wish to ensure that any 
| >> more specific advertisement of this prefix is unauthorized. If I 
| >> generate a BOA for 203.10.60.0/23 AND 203.10.62.0/23 then my 
| >> intention is clear.
| >
| > I still don't by it..  As an operator, you tell me who is 
| authorized 
| > to originate and that's the only origin AS I accept.  
| That's easier to 
| > configure in a router, requires less objects in the RPKI, and makes 
| > life much simpler.
| 
| 
| No security at all makes like enormously simpler.  At some 
| point it is  
| necessary to understand what makes a robust security 
| environemnt even  
| in a world of partial use and piecemeal adoptions and then work  
| through the issues related to operational deployment. But you appear  
| to have some other approach in mind.

As others have suggested, when "I have been allocated 203.10.60.0/22",
I issue an ROA for 203.10.60.0/22-22. That automatically means that
there can't be any other advertisements for this prefix or its more
specifics (unless I suballocate a more specific block and a new ROA
gets added to the repository for that]. Is there any case that's not 
handled by doing this?

- Pradosh
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> What if: when "I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24", I issue an
> ROA for the same with my origin AS? Doesn't that automatically
> mean that all the advertisements of the prefix from another origin
> AS are automatically invalid?

no, not if roas exist for them too.  while having the same prefix
announced by multiple ass is unusual, it is valid practice.  think anycast.

randy
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| > What if: when "I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24", I 
| issue an ROA 
| > for the same with my origin AS? Doesn't that automatically 
| mean that 
| > all the advertisements of the prefix from another origin AS are 
| > automatically invalid?
| 
| no, not if roas exist for them too.  while having the same 
| prefix announced by multiple ass is unusual, it is valid 
| practice.  think anycast.

Agreed. What I meant is that existence of ROA(s) should be 
sufficient to detect invalid uses/filter invalid BGP announcements.
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 fordraft-ietf-sidr-bogons-02.txt anddraft-ietf-sidr-roa-validation-01.txt
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Pradosh Mohapatra (pmohapat) wrote:
> | > What if: when "I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24", I 
> | issue an ROA 
> | > for the same with my origin AS? Doesn't that automatically 
> | mean that 
> | > all the advertisements of the prefix from another origin AS are 
> | > automatically invalid?
> | 
> | no, not if roas exist for them too.  while having the same 
> | prefix announced by multiple ass is unusual, it is valid 
> | practice.  think anycast.
> 
> Agreed. What I meant is that existence of ROA(s) should be 
> sufficient to detect invalid uses/filter invalid BGP announcements.

of course

randy
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WG Chair Hat OFF

On 02/12/2008, at 11:05 AM, Pradosh Mohapatra (pmohapat) wrote:

> Hi Geoff,
>
> | >> 1. I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24. I do not use it
> | today in any
> | >> public routing context. It should not appear in BGP at
> | all. I do not
> | >> give my authorization to any AS to originate a route for
> | this prefix,
> | >> or any more specific of this prefix. If I generate a BOA for
> | >> 203.10.61.0/24 then my intention of saying that any use of this
> | >> prefix in the public Internet is unauthorized is clear.
> | >
> | > If you do not give your authorization then do not issue a ROA.
> | > With the incremental deployment argument, I'm not sure who would  =

> be
> | > looking at BOAs if they're not looking at ROAs.
> |
> | I'm sorry, but I cannot see any logic in that response. If I
> | do not give my authorization and I would like to inform
> | everyone else that any use of this address, or this AS is an
> | instance of a hijack then your response seems to be saying to
> | me that I should not do anything.
> | If that is what you are saying then it seems to be a totally
> | ineffectual course of action in my opinion.
>
>
> What if: when "I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24", I issue an
> ROA for the same with my origin AS? Doesn't that automatically
> mean that all the advertisements of the prefix from another origin
> AS are automatically invalid?


No. Some folk believe that this should be the case, others believe  =

that this should not be the case. Those who believe that this should  =

not be the case are  proposing the BOA as a form of explicitly stating  =

what is invalid without having to state what is valid.

By the way, given that you have published a ROA aithorizing your  =

origin AS to advertise the prefix, I suspect that this has created  =

some further vulnerabilities that a BOA would not create. What happens  =

if I use this ROA you've created to hijack with your prefix by  =

prepending your origin AS to my AS? Can a third party detect that this  =

is a hijack of your prefix from the origination information and the  =

ROA? I do not think so.


> And since I will not be generating
> any updates for this prefix, it will not appear in BGP at all!
> Doesn't that solve the problem you cited?

no - see above,.

> Are you concerned that
> some other AS would also issue an ROA for the same or a more
> specific block of the prefix? That can't be!

>
> | >> 2. I have been allocated AS 131074 as an AS number. I do
> | not use it
> | >> today in any public routing context. It should not appear
> | in BGP at
> | >> all either as an origination AS nor as a transit AS in any AS  =

> path.
> | >> If I generate a BOA for AS131074 then my intention of
> | saying that any
> | >> use of this AS number in the public Internet is unauthorized is
> | >> clear.
> | >
> | > But the draft currently does not mitigate "nor as a transit AS",
> | > unless I'm missing something.  Specifically:
> | >
> | > S.5 graf 2:
> | >
> | > "If a route object has an AS origination that refers to an
> | AS number
> | > that is listed in a valid BOA, then the route object can be
> | regarded
> | > as a Bogon object, and local policies that apply to Bogon
> | AS's can be
> | > applied to the object. This holds whether or not the
> | address prefix of
> | > the route object is described by a valid ROA or not."
> | >
> | > I see nothing about "or as a transit AS" in there.
> |
> | My apologies - we are not allowed to talk about transit yet
> | as its not an agreed requirement coming out of RSPSEC. So if
> | I remove "nor as a transit AS" and sundry words then I trust
> | that the point I was making is amply clear.
>
>
> How important is the case of "AS protection" as opposed to
> "prefix" protection? Doesn't this automatically become a
> by-product of ROA level checks?
>
>

No, it does not. There are many instances of use of AS numbers what  =

are not recorded in any allocation database. See the attached list for  =

today's set of bogon ASs


> | >> 3. I have been allocated 203.10.60.0/22. I wish to ensure that  =

> any
> | >> more specific advertisement of this prefix is unauthorized. If I
> | >> generate a BOA for 203.10.60.0/23 AND 203.10.62.0/23 then my
> | >> intention is clear.
> | >
> | > I still don't by it..  As an operator, you tell me who is
> | authorized
> | > to originate and that's the only origin AS I accept.
> | That's easier to
> | > configure in a router, requires less objects in the RPKI, and  =

> makes
> | > life much simpler.
> |
> |
> | No security at all makes like enormously simpler.  At some
> | point it is
> | necessary to understand what makes a robust security
> | environemnt even
> | in a world of partial use and piecemeal adoptions and then work
> | through the issues related to operational deployment. But you appear
> | to have some other approach in mind.
>
> As others have suggested, when "I have been allocated 203.10.60.0/22",
> I issue an ROA for 203.10.60.0/22-22. That automatically means that
> there can't be any other advertisements for this prefix or its more
> specifics (unless I suballocate a more specific block and a new ROA
> gets added to the repository for that]. Is there any case that's not
> handled by doing this?
>

That's your _assumption_ of the sematics of a ROA. What reference  =

material or working group draft can you cite for semantic  =

interpretation of a ROA? draft-ieft-sidr-roa-validation? I don't think  =

so. The point of hte BOA draft it that it challenges this assumption  =

by taking the position that such route aorigination authorities are  =

explicitly scoped to the authority described in the object, without  =

the implicit inclusion of any other authority or denial.

AS referred to earlier, here's the list of today's bogon AS numbers,  =

just in case you thought  that this is a non-problem:


AS4801	  Announced by     	AS703	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS4801	  Announced by     	AS9304	  HUTCHISON-AS-AP Hutchison Global  =

Communications
AS8008	  Announced by     	AS23577	  ATM-MPLS-AS-KR Korea Telecom
AS9218	  Announced by     	AS71	  HP-INTERNET-AS Hewlett-Packard Company
AS9798	  Announced by     	AS151	  IND-NTC-AS - Hewlett-Packard Company
AS9935	  Announced by     	AS2687	  ASATTCA AT&T Global Network  =

Services - AP
AS11153	  Announced by     	AS10910	  INTERNAP-BLK - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS11196	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS11253	  Announced by     	AS4323	  TWTC - tw telecom holdings, inc.
AS11378	  Announced by     	AS22822	  LLNW - Limelight Networks, Inc.
AS11536	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS11536	  Announced by     	AS13333	  NAUTICOM-NET - Pinnatech, Inc.
AS11600	  Announced by     	AS6461	  MFNX MFN - Metromedia Fiber Network
AS11720	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS11967	  Announced by     	AS6203	  ISDN-NET - ISDN-Net Inc.
AS12077	  Announced by     	AS13768	  PEER1 - Peer 1 Network Inc.
AS12134	  Announced by     	AS3356	  LEVEL3 Level 3 Communications
AS12185	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS13317	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS13377	  Announced by     	AS3549	  GBLX Global Crossing Ltd.
AS13608	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS13746	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS13926	  Announced by     	AS5109	  AS-IDS-NET - Integrated Data  =

Systems, LLC
AS13956	  Announced by     	AS3549	  GBLX Global Crossing Ltd.
AS14293	  Announced by     	AS6461	  MFNX MFN - Metromedia Fiber Network
AS14373	  Announced by     	AS6922	  TEXASAGENCYNET - State of Texas  =

General Services Commission
AS14458	  Announced by     	AS1239	  SPRINTLINK - Sprint
AS14539	  Announced by     	AS6517	  RELIANCEGLOBALCOM - Reliance  =

Globalcom Services, Inc
AS14548	  Announced by     	AS7385	  INTEGRATELECOM - Integra Telecom,  =

Inc.
AS14568	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS14575	  Announced by     	AS2828	  XO-AS15 - XO Communications
AS14584	  Announced by     	AS10910	  INTERNAP-BLK - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS14606	  Announced by     	AS4323	  TWTC - tw telecom holdings, inc.
AS14715	  Announced by     	AS19024	  INTERNAP-BLK5 - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS14764	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS14812	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS14923	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS15037	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS15053	  Announced by     	AS12180	  INTERNAP-2BLK - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS15115	  Announced by     	AS1239	  SPRINTLINK - Sprint
AS15115	  Announced by     	AS10912	  INTERNAP-BLK - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS15132	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS15211	  Announced by     	AS6395	  LVLT-6395 - Level 3  =

Communications, Inc.
AS15337	  Announced by     	AS6325	  ILLINOIS-CENTURY - Illinois  =

Century Network
AS16611	  Announced by     	AS3144	  PINNACLE - Pinnacle On-Line
AS16611	  Announced by     	AS12064	  ASN-CXA-HR-12064-CBS - Cox  =

Communications Inc.
AS16859	  Announced by     	AS19262	  VZGNI-TRANSIT - Verizon Internet  =

Services Inc.
AS16876	  Announced by     	AS4181	  TDS-AS - TDS TELECOM
AS16927	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS17144	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS17144	  Announced by     	AS13791	  INTERNAP-BLK3 - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS17275	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS17275	  Announced by     	AS6461	  MFNX MFN - Metromedia Fiber Network
AS17275	  Announced by     	AS22773	  ASN-CXA-ALL-CCI-22773-RDC - Cox  =

Communications Inc.
AS17283	  Announced by     	AS3549	  GBLX Global Crossing Ltd.
AS17300	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS17300	  Announced by     	AS1239	  SPRINTLINK - Sprint
AS17300	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS18504	  Announced by     	AS4565	  MEGAPATH2-US - MegaPath Networks  =

Inc.
AS18506	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS18533	  Announced by     	AS174	  COGENT Cogent/PSI
AS18641	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS18706	  Announced by     	AS3356	  LEVEL3 Level 3 Communications
AS18726	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS18726	  Announced by     	AS14742	  INTERNAP-BLOCK-4 - Internap  =

Network Services Corporation
AS18860	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS18932	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS18932	  Announced by     	AS7132	  SBIS-AS - AT&T Internet Services
AS19097	  Announced by     	AS1785	  AS-PAETEC-NET - PaeTec  =

Communications, Inc.
AS19097	  Announced by     	AS13407	  CTC-BGP2 - Computer Telephone Corp
AS19132	  Announced by     	AS6140	  IMPSAT-USA - ImpSat USA, Inc.
AS19243	  Announced by     	AS2686	  AT&T Global Network Services - EMEA
AS19243	  Announced by     	AS10913	  INTERNAP-BLK - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS19612	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS19612	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS19713	  Announced by     	AS10367	  METRO2000 - Metro2000, Inc.
AS19851	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS19981	  Announced by     	AS80	  GE-CRD - General Electric Company
AS19999	  Announced by     	AS577	  BACOM - Bell Canada
AS19999	  Announced by     	AS15290	  ALLST-15290 - Allstream Corp.  =

Corporation Allstream
AS20146	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS20156	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS20247	  Announced by     	AS19262	  VZGNI-TRANSIT - Verizon Internet  =

Services Inc.
AS20323	  Announced by     	AS3300	  BT-INFONET-EUROPE BT-Infonet-Europe
AS20364	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS20380	  Announced by     	AS1239	  SPRINTLINK - Sprint
AS20408	  Announced by     	AS7132	  SBIS-AS - AT&T Internet Services
AS20463	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS21676	  Announced by     	AS1239	  SPRINTLINK - Sprint
AS21732	  Announced by     	AS12181	  INTERNAP-2BLK - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS21846	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS22022	  Announced by     	AS3356	  LEVEL3 Level 3 Communications
AS22056	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS22219	  Announced by     	AS3356	  LEVEL3 Level 3 Communications
AS22219	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS22232	  Announced by     	AS2647	  SITA SITA
AS22232	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS22360	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS22372	  Announced by     	AS3549	  GBLX Global Crossing Ltd.
AS22372	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS22457	  Announced by     	AS6496	  ANET - ANET Internet Solutions, Inc
AS22457	  Announced by     	AS19024	  INTERNAP-BLK5 - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS22492	  Announced by     	AS4323	  TWTC - tw telecom holdings, inc.
AS22586	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS22721	  Announced by     	AS174	  COGENT Cogent/PSI
AS22741	  Announced by     	AS10910	  INTERNAP-BLK - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS22751	  Announced by     	AS22197	  APPS - Apps Communications
AS22757	  Announced by     	AS17054	  AS17054 - CONTINENTAL BROADBAND  =

PENNSYLVANIA, INC.
AS22761	  Announced by     	AS7029	  WINDSTREAM - Windstream  =

Communications Inc
AS22815	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS22815	  Announced by     	AS3356	  LEVEL3 Level 3 Communications
AS22846	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS22846	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS22875	  Announced by     	AS10910	  INTERNAP-BLK - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS22875	  Announced by     	AS13789	  INTERNAP-BLK3 - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS22943	  Announced by     	AS10910	  INTERNAP-BLK - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS23011	  Announced by     	AS12006	  EUREKANETWORKS-AS-12006 - eLink  =

Communications INC.
AS23021	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS23021	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS23035	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS23108	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS23108	  Announced by     	AS1239	  SPRINTLINK - Sprint
AS23108	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS23247	  Announced by     	AS10910	  INTERNAP-BLK - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS23276	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS23276	  Announced by     	AS21548	  MTO - MTO Telecom Inc.
AS23434	  Announced by     	AS16852	  LVLT-16852 - Level 3  =

Communications, Inc.
AS23448	  Announced by     	AS852	  ASN852 - Telus Advanced  =

Communications
AS23448	  Announced by     	AS6327	  SHAW - Shaw Communications Inc.
AS23475	  Announced by     	AS1239	  SPRINTLINK - Sprint
AS23475	  Announced by     	AS7132	  SBIS-AS - AT&T Internet Services
AS23480	  Announced by     	AS6298	  ASN-CXA-PH-6298-CBS - Cox  =

Communications Inc.
AS23491	  Announced by     	AS6395	  LVLT-6395 - Level 3  =

Communications, Inc.
AS23502	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS23918	  Announced by     	AS4716	  POWEREDCOM KDDI Corporation
AS24011	  Announced by     	AS174	  COGENT Cogent/PSI
AS24012	  Announced by     	AS1239	  SPRINTLINK - Sprint
AS24012	  Announced by     	AS4862	  EQUANT-ASIA Equant AS for Asian  =

Region covering Japan
AS24084	  Announced by     	AS3300	  BT-INFONET-EUROPE BT-Infonet-Europe
AS24084	  Announced by     	AS4755	  TATACOMM-AS TATA Communications  =

formerly VSNL is Leading ISP
AS25639	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS25964	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS25992	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS26001	  Announced by     	AS1239	  SPRINTLINK - Sprint
AS26023	  Announced by     	AS16399	  NETWORKGCI - Globalcom
AS26051	  Announced by     	AS17229	  ATT-CERFNET-BLOCK - AT&T  =

Enhanced Network Services
AS26064	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS26187	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS26396	  Announced by     	AS32703	  IFN-NET - Indiana Fiber Network,  =

LLC
AS26483	  Announced by     	AS3356	  LEVEL3 Level 3 Communications
AS26515	  Announced by     	AS7795	  NTELOSINC - Ntelos Inc.
AS26539	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS26581	  Announced by     	AS1239	  SPRINTLINK - Sprint
AS26650	  Announced by     	AS3491	  BTN-ASN - Beyond The Network  =

America, Inc.
AS26656	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS26656	  Announced by     	AS1239	  SPRINTLINK - Sprint
AS26690	  Announced by     	AS7132	  SBIS-AS - AT&T Internet Services
AS26883	  Announced by     	AS6337	  HIWAAY - HIWAAY INFORMATION  =

SERVICES, INC.
AS26951	  Announced by     	AS14743	  INTERNAP-BLOCK-4 - Internap  =

Network Services Corporation
AS26970	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS26970	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS26973	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS27197	  Announced by     	AS7029	  WINDSTREAM - Windstream  =

Communications Inc
AS27223	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS27243	  Announced by     	AS17054	  AS17054 - CONTINENTAL BROADBAND  =

PENNSYLVANIA, INC.
AS27252	  Announced by     	AS30314	  KAN-ED - Kansas Education Network
AS27301	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS27363	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS27363	  Announced by     	AS1239	  SPRINTLINK - Sprint
AS27363	  Announced by     	AS6128	  CABLE-NET-1 - Cablevision Systems  =

Corp.
AS27451	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS27451	  Announced by     	AS7132	  SBIS-AS - AT&T Internet Services
AS27642	  Announced by     	AS7132	  SBIS-AS - AT&T Internet Services
AS28544	  Announced by     	AS6503	  Avantel, S.A.
AS28551	  Announced by     	AS11172	  Alestra
AS28551	  Announced by     	AS22566	  MAXCOM Telecomunicaciones SA de CV
AS29703	  Announced by     	AS852	  ASN852 - Telus Advanced  =

Communications
AS29703	  Announced by     	AS6539	  GT-BELL - Bell Canada
AS29755	  Announced by     	AS7132	  SBIS-AS - AT&T Internet Services
AS29770	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS29770	  Announced by     	AS1239	  SPRINTLINK - Sprint
AS29837	  Announced by     	AS3549	  GBLX Global Crossing Ltd.
AS29994	  Announced by     	AS558	  NET2EZ - Net2EZ
AS30028	  Announced by     	AS7132	  SBIS-AS - AT&T Internet Services
AS30273	  Announced by     	AS6128	  CABLE-NET-1 - Cablevision Systems  =

Corp.
AS30273	  Announced by     	AS23329	  AS-OPENACCESS - Open Access Inc.
AS30419	  Announced by     	AS3356	  LEVEL3 Level 3 Communications
AS30707	  Announced by     	AS12181	  INTERNAP-2BLK - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS30711	  Announced by     	AS7132	  SBIS-AS - AT&T Internet Services
AS31966	  Announced by     	AS4265	  CERNET-ASN-BLOCK - California  =

Education and Research Federation Network
AS31966	  Announced by     	AS4267	  CERNET-ASN-BLOCK - California  =

Education and Research Federation Network
AS31966	  Announced by     	AS14743	  INTERNAP-BLOCK-4 - Internap  =

Network Services Corporation
AS32057	  Announced by     	AS26554	  US-SIGNAL - US Signal Corporation
AS32108	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS32108	  Announced by     	AS36607	  NETONEGROUP - NET ONE GROUP, LLC
AS32326	  Announced by     	AS3549	  GBLX Global Crossing Ltd.
AS32326	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS32434	  Announced by     	AS4323	  TWTC - tw telecom holdings, inc.
AS32458	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS32567	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS32689	  Announced by     	AS13675	  FAIRPO-3 - FAIRPOINT  =

COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
AS32732	  Announced by     	AS1785	  AS-PAETEC-NET - PaeTec  =

Communications, Inc.
AS32822	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS32822	  Announced by     	AS3356	  LEVEL3 Level 3 Communications
AS32873	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS32873	  Announced by     	AS10912	  INTERNAP-BLK - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS32895	  Announced by     	AS10910	  INTERNAP-BLK - Internap Network  =

Services Corporation
AS33089	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS33400	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS33445	  Announced by     	AS701	  UUNET - MCI Communications  =

Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
AS33574	  Announced by     	AS209	  ASN-QWEST - Qwest Communications  =

Corporation
AS33649	  Announced by     	AS7018	  ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet  =

Services
AS38137	  Announced by     	AS17494	  BTTB-AS-AP Telecom Operator &  =

Internet Service Provider as well
AS38205	  Announced by     	AS17494	  BTTB-AS-AP Telecom Operator &  =

Internet Service Provider as well
AS38722	  Announced by     	AS9304	  HUTCHISON-AS-AP Hutchison Global  =

Communications
AS38870	  Announced by     	AS9482	  ASN-ACON-AP Australia Connect Pty  =

Ltd
AS64553	  Announced by     	AS9498	  BBIL-AP BHARTI Airtel Ltd.
AS65009	  Announced by     	AS15924	  BORUSANTELEKOM-AS Borusan  =

Telekom Autonomus System
AS65031	  Announced by     	AS2588	  LATNET ISP
AS65101	  Announced by     	AS29405	  VNET-AS VNET ISP Bratislava,  =

Slovakia, SK
AS65445	  Announced by     	AS27817	  Red Nacional Acad=E9mica de  =

Tecnolog=EDa Avanzada - RENATA
AS65491	  Announced by     	AS27817	  Red Nacional Acad=E9mica de  =

Tecnolog=EDa Avanzada - RENATA
AS65498	  Announced by     	AS27817	  Red Nacional Acad=E9mica de  =

Tecnolog=EDa Avanzada - RENATA
AS65528	  Announced by     	AS31405	  TMD AS for T-Mobile Deutschland,  =

GPRS/UMTS access and content provider

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From: Danny McPherson <danny@tcb.net>
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On Dec 1, 2008, at 4:00 PM, Geoff Huston wrote:

> I'm sorry, but I cannot see any logic in that response. If I do not  
> give my authorization and I would like to inform everyone else that  
> any use of this address, or this AS is an instance of a hijack

A hijack, that's new..  So, publish a BOA for each professed
hijack, so that when it's picked up 24 hours later folks can
filter based on a BOA?  It'll be interested to project how
folks would automate such a BOA publication model.

> then your response seems to be saying to me that I should not do  
> anything. If that is what you are saying then it seems to be a  
> totally ineffectual course of action in my opinion.

No, you're saying you're doing this to support incremental
deployment, I'm saying that capability doesn't exist today
and will clearly only complicate things down the road - e.g.,
who's ever going to remove a BOA - sound familiar (e.g., who
ever removes a stale IRR object, which is a positive thing)?
What existing capability are you adapting to RPKI?

> My apologies - we are not allowed to talk about transit yet as its  
> not an agreed requirement coming out of RSPSEC. So if I remove "nor  
> as a transit AS" and sundry words then I trust that the point I was  
> making is amply clear.

I don't consider it "sundry", it's a very important distinction,
and suggesting that BOAs add some capability that ROAs or SIDR
can't help with along the lines of looking for potential bogon
ASNs in a is misleading at best.

>> I still don't by it..  As an operator, you tell me who is authorized
>> to originate and that's the only origin AS I accept.  That's easier  
>> to
>> configure in a router, requires less objects in the RPKI, and makes  
>> life
>> much simpler.
>
> No security at all makes like enormously simpler.  At some point it  
> is necessary to understand what makes a robust security environemnt  
> even in a world of partial use and piecemeal adoptions and then work  
> through the issues related to operational deployment. But you appear  
> to have some other approach in mind.

Right, and adding new capabilities (e.g., telling everyone via
means that are clearly not real time, and may be delayed for
a day or more, via a global RPKI, that your route has been
hijacked and should NOT be advertised by Miguel in Mexico, it
just doesn't seem like a clean way to build this architecture to
me - especially when you're asking folks to configure routers or
implement control plane state and memory based on the contents
of this RPKI.

-danny
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On Dec 1, 2008, at 4:12 PM, Sandra Murphy wrote:
>
> The issue in incremental deployment is not what the people who  
> haven't deployed it should do but what the people who DO deploy it  
> should do. What do the people who DO understand ROAs(and BOAs) do  
> when they see something unsecured - it might be legit, just not  
> produced by someone who understands ROAs(BOAs).

Right, but if the owner also published a BOA about who they
should not accept it from - what's the value add for those
who have deployed it again?  They can say, ohh, there's a ROA
for AS 1 to originate 10.0.0.0/8.  They also published a BOA
for AS2 to originate 10.0.0.0/16.  So, what's that mean to me
since I deployed it?  Accept 10.0.0.0/8 only from AS 1.  I'm
not going to put a policy in my router that says AND accept
it from anyone else, or any more specific, except AS 2.  Tracking
those BOAs is costing money (hardware, time, complexity) and
there is no added benefit.

>> I still don't by it..  As an operator, you tell me who is authorized
>> to originate and that's the only origin AS I accept.  That's easier  
>> to
>> configure in a router, requires less objects in the RPKI, and makes  
>> life
>> much simpler.
>
> So it seems you are in the "and that's all" camp in interpreting  
> ROAs, right?

No, I'm in the "show-me-how-to-configure-this-in-a-router-and-
convince-me-that-all-the-complexity-and-added-infrastructure-is
worth-the-investment-when-I'm-pretty-sure-I'd-be-just-as-happy
with-an-'explicit accept'='implicit deny'-model-like-all-my-other-
security-policies" camp.

I'm certain that if more people who are supposed to deploy this
stuff were paying attention they'd be making the same arguments,
but they're not, and so we need to give heavy consideration to this.

> Does your answer assume operators are using ROAs to produce route  
> filters?

Maybe.

> Does your answer change if operators are using ROAs in the decision  
> procedure, as presented at the last meeting?


Maybe.

-danny
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On Dec 1, 2008, at 5:22 PM, Geoff Huston wrote:

>
>
> No. Some folk believe that this should be the case, others believe  
> that this should not be the case. Those who believe that this should  
> not be the case are  proposing the BOA as a form of explicitly  
> stating what is invalid without having to state what is valid.

Heh, well said.  BOAs provide a mechanism to explicit state
*some* of what is invalid, without having to state what is
valid.  Seems like a less than optimal foundation for a secure
inter-domain routing protocol, or any protocol, to me.

> By the way, given that you have published a ROA aithorizing your  
> origin AS to advertise the prefix, I suspect that this has created  
> some further vulnerabilities that a BOA would not create. What  
> happens if I use this ROA you've created to hijack with your prefix  
> by prepending your origin AS to my AS? Can a third party detect that  
> this is a hijack of your prefix from the origination information and  
> the ROA? I do not think so.

I'm not sure what the point is here, per BOAs, as currently
specified under the SIDR charter and your previous comment on
this specific issue, provide no such protections either.
Professing it as otherwise is misleading.

> That's your _assumption_ of the sematics of a ROA. What reference  
> material or working group draft can you cite for semantic  
> interpretation of a ROA? draft-ieft-sidr-roa-validation? I don't  
> think so.

Yeah, I think we prolly need to revisit that as well.

> The point of hte BOA draft it that it challenges this assumption by  
> taking the position that such route aorigination authorities are  
> explicitly scoped to the authority described in the object, without  
> the implicit inclusion of any other authority or denial.
>
> AS referred to earlier, here's the list of today's bogon AS numbers,  
> just in case you thought  that this is a non-problem:

Right, so let's automate publication of those BOAs so that
routers can be configured to drop them tomorrow, instead of
only accepting those ASNs or any bogon or hijacked prefixes
from legit sources.  And then tomorrow we can deal with the
previous 24 hours of "Bogons - whatever that entails", all
the while the prior set of bogons are half gone but all the
objects remain for security reasons, and all of this gets
really interesting during large route leaks, and possibly even
result in a DOS themselves, and operators can't even pick up
legit objects because there are some many BOAs.  And don't
forget that the state of those BOAs change daily, and perhaps
may of those were legit but I "missed picking it up by seconds".

Seems way inefficient to me...

-danny

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| > What if: when "I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24", I 
| issue an ROA 
| > for the same with my origin AS? Doesn't that automatically 
| mean that 
| > all the advertisements of the prefix from another origin AS are 
| > automatically invalid?
| 
| 
| No. Some folk believe that this should be the case, others 
| believe that this should not be the case. Those who believe 
| that this should not be the case are  proposing the BOA as a 
| form of explicitly stating what is invalid without having to 
| state what is valid.

Why should this not be the case?

| By the way, given that you have published a ROA aithorizing 
| your origin AS to advertise the prefix, I suspect that this 
| has created some further vulnerabilities that a BOA would not 
| create. What happens if I use this ROA you've created to 
| hijack with your prefix by prepending your origin AS to my 
| AS? Can a third party detect that this is a hijack of your 
| prefix from the origination information and the ROA? I do not 
| think so.

This is a good example case for path attestation / complete AS_PATH
validation, no? When a third party tries to verify whether the
path leads back to origin AS, that should fail (whenever we get to
that part)...

| > As others have suggested, when "I have been allocated 
| 203.10.60.0/22", 
| > I issue an ROA for 203.10.60.0/22-22. That automatically means that 
| > there can't be any other advertisements for this prefix or its more 
| > specifics (unless I suballocate a more specific block and a new ROA 
| > gets added to the repository for that]. Is there any case 
| that's not 
| > handled by doing this?
| >
| 
| That's your _assumption_ of the sematics of a ROA. What 
| reference material or working group draft can you cite for 
| semantic interpretation of a ROA? 
| draft-ieft-sidr-roa-validation? I don't think so. The point 
| of hte BOA draft it that it challenges this assumption by 
| taking the position that such route aorigination authorities 
| are explicitly scoped to the authority described in the 
| object, without the implicit inclusion of any other authority 
| or denial.

So are you saying that an entity who is not owner of prefix 10/8
can issue an ROA for it and it would be present in/added to the 
RPKI repository?

- Pradosh
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Subject: Re: [sidr] Request for WG Last Call fordraft-ietf-sidr-bogons-02.txt
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WG Chair Hat off

On 02/12/2008, at 3:22 PM, Pradosh Mohapatra (pmohapat) wrote:

> | > What if: when "I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24", I
> | issue an ROA
> | > for the same with my origin AS? Doesn't that automatically
> | mean that
> | > all the advertisements of the prefix from another origin AS are
> | > automatically invalid?
> |
> |
> | No. Some folk believe that this should be the case, others
> | believe that this should not be the case. Those who believe
> | that this should not be the case are  proposing the BOA as a
> | form of explicitly stating what is invalid without having to
> | state what is valid.
>
> Why should this not be the case?
>

Because the transitive closure of ROAs in an environment of piecemeal  
deployment is non-deterministic.



> | By the way, given that you have published a ROA aithorizing
> | your origin AS to advertise the prefix, I suspect that this
> | has created some further vulnerabilities that a BOA would not
> | create. What happens if I use this ROA you've created to
> | hijack with your prefix by prepending your origin AS to my
> | AS? Can a third party detect that this is a hijack of your
> | prefix from the origination information and the ROA? I do not
> | think so.
>
> This is a good example case for path attestation / complete AS_PATH
> validation, no? When a third party tries to verify whether the
> path leads back to origin AS, that should fail (whenever we get to
> that part)...

right - the "lets use magic" solution. I'm convinced.


>
>
> | > As others have suggested, when "I have been allocated
> | 203.10.60.0/22",
> | > I issue an ROA for 203.10.60.0/22-22. That automatically means  
> that
> | > there can't be any other advertisements for this prefix or its  
> more
> | > specifics (unless I suballocate a more specific block and a new  
> ROA
> | > gets added to the repository for that]. Is there any case
> | that's not
> | > handled by doing this?
> | >
> |
> | That's your _assumption_ of the sematics of a ROA. What
> | reference material or working group draft can you cite for
> | semantic interpretation of a ROA?
> | draft-ieft-sidr-roa-validation? I don't think so. The point
> | of hte BOA draft it that it challenges this assumption by
> | taking the position that such route aorigination authorities
> | are explicitly scoped to the authority described in the
> | object, without the implicit inclusion of any other authority
> | or denial.
>
> So are you saying that an entity who is not owner of prefix 10/8
> can issue an ROA for it and it would be present in/added to the
> RPKI repository?
>

The best answer I can give here is please read the sidr drafts. Your  
question really makes me suspect that you have not done so.


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Thread-Topic: [sidr] Request for WG Last Call fordraft-ietf-sidr-bogons-02.txt
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| > | > As others have suggested, when "I have been allocated
| > | 203.10.60.0/22",
| > | > I issue an ROA for 203.10.60.0/22-22. That automatically means
| > that
| > | > there can't be any other advertisements for this prefix or its
| > more
| > | > specifics (unless I suballocate a more specific block and a new
| > ROA
| > | > gets added to the repository for that]. Is there any case
| > | that's not
| > | > handled by doing this?
| > | >
| > |
| > | That's your _assumption_ of the sematics of a ROA. What reference 
| > | material or working group draft can you cite for semantic 
| > | interpretation of a ROA?
| > | draft-ieft-sidr-roa-validation? I don't think so. The 
| point of hte 
| > | BOA draft it that it challenges this assumption by taking the 
| > | position that such route aorigination authorities are explicitly 
| > | scoped to the authority described in the object, without the 
| > | implicit inclusion of any other authority or denial.
| >
| > So are you saying that an entity who is not owner of prefix 
| 10/8 can 
| > issue an ROA for it and it would be present in/added to the RPKI 
| > repository?
| >
| 
| The best answer I can give here is please read the sidr 
| drafts. Your question really makes me suspect that you have 
| not done so.

I have. Your response above prompted the question.
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On 02/12/2008, at 5:52 PM, Pradosh Mohapatra (pmohapat) wrote:

> | > | > As others have suggested, when "I have been allocated
> | > | 203.10.60.0/22",
> | > | > I issue an ROA for 203.10.60.0/22-22. That automatically means
> | > that
> | > | > there can't be any other advertisements for this prefix or its
> | > more
> | > | > specifics (unless I suballocate a more specific block and a  
> new
> | > ROA
> | > | > gets added to the repository for that]. Is there any case
> | > | that's not
> | > | > handled by doing this?
> | > | >
> | > |
> | > | That's your _assumption_ of the sematics of a ROA. What  
> reference
> | > | material or working group draft can you cite for semantic
> | > | interpretation of a ROA?
> | > | draft-ieft-sidr-roa-validation? I don't think so. The
> | point of hte
> | > | BOA draft it that it challenges this assumption by taking the
> | > | position that such route aorigination authorities are explicitly
> | > | scoped to the authority described in the object, without the
> | > | implicit inclusion of any other authority or denial.
> | >
> | > So are you saying that an entity who is not owner of prefix
> | 10/8 can
> | > issue an ROA for it and it would be present in/added to the RPKI
> | > repository?
> | >
> |
> | The best answer I can give here is please read the sidr
> | drafts. Your question really makes me suspect that you have
> | not done so.
>
> I have. Your response above prompted the question.


WG Chair Hat OFF.

Good to hear. In which case you would be well aware that a person who  
is not the current right of use holder of an address prefix cannot  
generate a valid RPKI object of any form and sign the object with an  
RPKI signature using that prefix. So I fail to understand how an an  
entity who is not owner of prefix 10/8 can issue an ROA for it that  
would be considered valid in the RPKI, and if its invalidly signed  
then whether it is in an RPKI repository publication point or not is  
irrelevant. But as we've all read the drafts we all knew that anyway.  
So I'm not sure why its worth repeating here.







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 draft-ietf-sidr-bogons-02.txt and draft-ietf-sidr-roa-validation-01.txt
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On Mon, 1 Dec 2008, Danny McPherson wrote:

>
> On Dec 1, 2008, at 4:12 PM, Sandra Murphy wrote:
>> 
>> The issue in incremental deployment is not what the people who haven't 
>> deployed it should do but what the people who DO deploy it should do. What 
>> do the people who DO understand ROAs(and BOAs) do when they see something 
>> unsecured - it might be legit, just not produced by someone who understands 
>> ROAs(BOAs).
>
> Right, but if the owner also published a BOA about who they
> should not accept it from - what's the value add for those
> who have deployed it again?  They can say, ohh, there's a ROA
> for AS 1 to originate 10.0.0.0/8.  They also published a BOA
> for AS2 to originate 10.0.0.0/16.  So, what's that mean to me
> since I deployed it?  Accept 10.0.0.0/8 only from AS 1.  I'm
> not going to put a policy in my router that says AND accept
> it from anyone else, or any more specific, except AS 2.  Tracking
> those BOAs is costing money (hardware, time, complexity) and
> there is no added benefit.

Danny, BOAs don't say "don't accept 10/8 from AS2".  They say "don't 
accept any advertisement for 10/8".

>
>>> I still don't by it..  As an operator, you tell me who is authorized
>>> to originate and that's the only origin AS I accept.  That's easier to
>>> configure in a router, requires less objects in the RPKI, and makes life
>>> much simpler.
>> 
>> So it seems you are in the "and that's all" camp in interpreting ROAs, 
>> right?
>
> No, I'm in the "show-me-how-to-configure-this-in-a-router-and-
> convince-me-that-all-the-complexity-and-added-infrastructure-is
> worth-the-investment-when-I'm-pretty-sure-I'd-be-just-as-happy
> with-an-'explicit accept'='implicit deny'-model-like-all-my-other-
> security-policies" camp.

I was trying to guess what you think a ROA means.  Your previous 
statements and this statement make it sound like you think a prefix holder 
will sign ROAs for every and all ASs that are allowed to advertise the 
prefix, so signing ROAs means "these ASs are allowed to announce the 
prefic -- and that's all".  Those configuring their routers use that 
semantics to decide what to configure.

If you think that a set of ROAs means "these ASs are allowed to announce 
the prefix, but not necessarily only these ASs", then router configuration 
goes differently.

We are presently working out how the meaning of these ROAs results in 
router configuration.

If you have ideas of how the configuration would happen, it would be 
valuable for us to hear them.

>
> I'm certain that if more people who are supposed to deploy this
> stuff were paying attention they'd be making the same arguments,
> but they're not, and so we need to give heavy consideration to this.
>
>> Does your answer assume operators are using ROAs to produce route filters?
>
> Maybe.
>
>> Does your answer change if operators are using ROAs in the decision 
>> procedure, as presented at the last meeting?
>
>
> Maybe.

I presume there's a smilie in there.  So when you figure it out, you'll 
let us know, right?  :-)


--Sandy


>
> -danny
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On Tue, 2 Dec 2008, Geoff Huston wrote:

> WG Chair Hat OFF
>
> On 02/12/2008, at 11:05 AM, Pradosh Mohapatra (pmohapat) wrote:
>
>> Hi Geoff,
>> 
>> | >> 1. I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24. I do not use it
>> | today in any
>> | >> public routing context. It should not appear in BGP at
>> | all. I do not
>> | >> give my authorization to any AS to originate a route for
>> | this prefix,
>> | >> or any more specific of this prefix. If I generate a BOA for
>> | >> 203.10.61.0/24 then my intention of saying that any use of this
>> | >> prefix in the public Internet is unauthorized is clear.
>> | >
>> | > If you do not give your authorization then do not issue a ROA.
>> | > With the incremental deployment argument, I'm not sure who would be
>> | > looking at BOAs if they're not looking at ROAs.
>> |
>> | I'm sorry, but I cannot see any logic in that response. If I
>> | do not give my authorization and I would like to inform
>> | everyone else that any use of this address, or this AS is an
>> | instance of a hijack then your response seems to be saying to
>> | me that I should not do anything.
>> | If that is what you are saying then it seems to be a totally
>> | ineffectual course of action in my opinion.
>> 
>> 
>> What if: when "I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24", I issue an
>> ROA for the same with my origin AS? Doesn't that automatically
>> mean that all the advertisements of the prefix from another origin
>> AS are automatically invalid?
>
>
> No. Some folk believe that this should be the case, others believe that this 
> should not be the case. Those who believe that this should not be the case 
> are  proposing the BOA as a form of explicitly stating what is invalid 
> without having to state what is valid.

Can you explain why you think it better to say what is invalid rather than 
stating what is valid?

>
> By the way, given that you have published a ROA aithorizing your origin AS to 
> advertise the prefix, I suspect that this has created some further 
> vulnerabilities that a BOA would not create. What happens if I use this ROA 
> you've created to hijack with your prefix by prepending your origin AS to my 
> AS? Can a third party detect that this is a hijack of your prefix from the 
> origination information and the ROA? I do not think so.
>
>

We all recognize and acknowledge that the sidr work does not protect 
against those who want to append the valid origin on an invalid path. 
The sidr work protects the origin of the AS_PATH only, and does not 
provide protection of the validity of the rest of the AS_PATH.

Recognize that protection of the origination of the route is NECESSARY. 
Everything we do here is needed by any protection of the full AS_PATH 
developed some time in the future.




>> And since I will not be generating
>> any updates for this prefix, it will not appear in BGP at all!
>> Doesn't that solve the problem you cited?
>
> no - see above,.

Please explain further.  It appears to me that if you take the "these ASs 
and that's all" interpretation of a set of ROAs, an AS that produces one 
ROA does prevent other ASs from advertising the prefix (and being 
believed).


>
>> Are you concerned that
>> some other AS would also issue an ROA for the same or a more
>> specific block of the prefix? That can't be!
>
>> 
>> | >> 2. I have been allocated AS 131074 as an AS number. I do
>> | not use it
>> | >> today in any public routing context. It should not appear
>> | in BGP at
>> | >> all either as an origination AS nor as a transit AS in any AS path.
>> | >> If I generate a BOA for AS131074 then my intention of
>> | saying that any
>> | >> use of this AS number in the public Internet is unauthorized is
>> | >> clear.
>> | >
>> | > But the draft currently does not mitigate "nor as a transit AS",
>> | > unless I'm missing something.  Specifically:
>> | >
>> | > S.5 graf 2:
>> | >
>> | > "If a route object has an AS origination that refers to an
>> | AS number
>> | > that is listed in a valid BOA, then the route object can be
>> | regarded
>> | > as a Bogon object, and local policies that apply to Bogon
>> | AS's can be
>> | > applied to the object. This holds whether or not the
>> | address prefix of
>> | > the route object is described by a valid ROA or not."
>> | >
>> | > I see nothing about "or as a transit AS" in there.
>> |
>> | My apologies - we are not allowed to talk about transit yet
>> | as its not an agreed requirement coming out of RSPSEC. So if
>> | I remove "nor as a transit AS" and sundry words then I trust
>> | that the point I was making is amply clear.
>> 
>> 
>> How important is the case of "AS protection" as opposed to
>> "prefix" protection? Doesn't this automatically become a
>> by-product of ROA level checks?
>> 
>> 
>
> No, it does not. There are many instances of use of AS numbers what are not 
> recorded in any allocation database. See the attached list for today's set of 
> bogon ASs

Who would sign the BOAs for unallocated ASs?  (I don't know. RIRs? How 
would that work -- would such a BOA have to change with each new 
allocation?  Would there be a BOA for each unallocated AS that would be 
revoked when it was allocated?)

>
>
>> | >> 3. I have been allocated 203.10.60.0/22. I wish to ensure that any
>> | >> more specific advertisement of this prefix is unauthorized. If I
>> | >> generate a BOA for 203.10.60.0/23 AND 203.10.62.0/23 then my
>> | >> intention is clear.
>> | >
>> | > I still don't by it..  As an operator, you tell me who is
>> | authorized
>> | > to originate and that's the only origin AS I accept.
>> | That's easier to
>> | > configure in a router, requires less objects in the RPKI, and makes
>> | > life much simpler.
>> |
>> |
>> | No security at all makes like enormously simpler.  At some
>> | point it is
>> | necessary to understand what makes a robust security
>> | environemnt even
>> | in a world of partial use and piecemeal adoptions and then work
>> | through the issues related to operational deployment. But you appear
>> | to have some other approach in mind.
>> 
>> As others have suggested, when "I have been allocated 203.10.60.0/22",
>> I issue an ROA for 203.10.60.0/22-22. That automatically means that
>> there can't be any other advertisements for this prefix or its more
>> specifics (unless I suballocate a more specific block and a new ROA
>> gets added to the repository for that]. Is there any case that's not
>> handled by doing this?
>> 
>
> That's your _assumption_ of the sematics of a ROA. What reference material or 
> working group draft can you cite for semantic interpretation of a ROA? 
> draft-ieft-sidr-roa-validation? I don't think so. The point of hte BOA draft 
> it that it challenges this assumption by taking the position that such route 
> aorigination authorities are explicitly scoped to the authority described in 
> the object, without the implicit inclusion of any other authority or denial.

We are still in the process of specifying things and what they mean, 
i.e., the drafts aren't done yet.

Actually, we are not arguing about the semantics of a single ROA as much 
as we are arguing about the semantics of a set of ROAs.

If one ROA means "this AS is allowed to advertise this prefix", does the 
complete set of ROAs mean "these ASs and maybe others are allowed to 
advertise this prefix" or "these ASs and no others are allowed to 
advertise this prefix".

Do prefix holders (who are RPKI aware) sign ROAs for every AS that might 
announce their prefix?

If so, what does that mean about interpreting ROAs?

If not, what does that mean about interpreting ROAs?


>
> AS referred to earlier, here's the list of today's bogon AS numbers, just in 
> case you thought  that this is a non-problem:
>
>

<snip>

Wow.  And the Internet still works.  Amazing.

Given the general falibility of humans, I presume there are cases where 
one AS gets its AS number wrong and uses some other (allocated) AS number? 
Is that common?  There are configuration options to check if your neighbor 
AS is using the proper AS number in its advertisement to you - but since 
it's an option, I'm guessing you can NOT check if you want.

What is the damage right now to using an unallocated AS? Mis-using an 
allocated AS?

What would be the damage in an RPKI aware router from an announcement that 
used an unallocated AS?  (Would ROAs or prefix-BOAs prevent such 
announcements?)  What about an announcement that mis-used an allocated AS?

--Sandy
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Subject: Re: [sidr] Request for WG Last Call
 fordraft-ietf-sidr-bogons-02.txt anddraft-ietf-sidr-roa-validation-01.txt
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On Tue, 2 Dec 2008, Geoff Huston wrote:

> WG Chair Hat off
>
> On 02/12/2008, at 3:22 PM, Pradosh Mohapatra (pmohapat) wrote:
>
>> | > What if: when "I have been allocated 203.10.61.0/24", I
>> | issue an ROA
>> | > for the same with my origin AS? Doesn't that automatically
>> | mean that
>> | > all the advertisements of the prefix from another origin AS are
>> | > automatically invalid?
>> |
>> |
>> | No. Some folk believe that this should be the case, others
>> | believe that this should not be the case. Those who believe
>> | that this should not be the case are  proposing the BOA as a
>> | form of explicitly stating what is invalid without having to
>> | state what is valid.
>> 
>> Why should this not be the case?
>> 
>
> Because the transitive closure of ROAs in an environment of piecemeal 
> deployment is non-deterministic.

I can't grasp this statement.  What do you mean by transitive closure of 
ROAs?  ROAs aren't a relation that could be performed transitively.  And I 
don't see the non-determinism.

Are you saying that the complete set of ROAs does not give you the 
complete set of valid advertisements?  If so, then you are using the 
"these ASs and maybe others" semantics.  Right?

>
>
>
>> | By the way, given that you have published a ROA aithorizing
>> | your origin AS to advertise the prefix, I suspect that this
>> | has created some further vulnerabilities that a BOA would not
>> | create. What happens if I use this ROA you've created to
>> | hijack with your prefix by prepending your origin AS to my
>> | AS? Can a third party detect that this is a hijack of your
>> | prefix from the origination information and the ROA? I do not
>> | think so.
>> 
>> This is a good example case for path attestation / complete AS_PATH
>> validation, no? When a third party tries to verify whether the
>> path leads back to origin AS, that should fail (whenever we get to
>> that part)...
>
> right - the "lets use magic" solution. I'm convinced.

I don't understand this statement.  But I've already noted that we're not 
working on protecting the AS_PATH beyond the origination point.  I think 
that when Pradosh said "whenever we get to that part" he was referring to 
potential future work to protect the AS_PATH beyond the origination.

>
>
>> 
>> 
>> | > As others have suggested, when "I have been allocated
>> | 203.10.60.0/22",
>> | > I issue an ROA for 203.10.60.0/22-22. That automatically means that
>> | > there can't be any other advertisements for this prefix or its more
>> | > specifics (unless I suballocate a more specific block and a new ROA
>> | > gets added to the repository for that]. Is there any case
>> | that's not
>> | > handled by doing this?
>> | >
>> |
>> | That's your _assumption_ of the sematics of a ROA. What
>> | reference material or working group draft can you cite for
>> | semantic interpretation of a ROA?
>> | draft-ieft-sidr-roa-validation? I don't think so. The point
>> | of hte BOA draft it that it challenges this assumption by
>> | taking the position that such route aorigination authorities
>> | are explicitly scoped to the authority described in the
>> | object, without the implicit inclusion of any other authority
>> | or denial.
>> 
>> So are you saying that an entity who is not owner of prefix 10/8
>> can issue an ROA for it and it would be present in/added to the
>> RPKI repository?
>> 
>
> The best answer I can give here is please read the sidr drafts. Your question 
> really makes me suspect that you have not done so.

I think Pradosh was asking his question about your statement, not the 
drafts.

The 10/8 and other non-globally-routed prefixes are, according to my 
reading of the drafts, intended to be protected within one AS by a local 
RPKI structure rooted on a local trust anchor.

--Sandy


>
>
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Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2008 15:18:31 -0500
To: Robert Kisteleki <robert@ripe.net>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
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Subject: [sidr] draft-kisteleki-sidr-rpsl-sig-00.txt
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At 3:39 PM +0100 11/27/08, Robert Kisteleki wrote:
>Stephen Kent wrote:
>>However, I worry that we need to tightly restrict which RPSL data 
>>can be validated using an RPKI cert. My concern is that it would be 
>>easy for folks to misinterpret the extent of what an RPLI cert 
>>attests to, and thus accord signed RPSL data more trust than it 
>>deserves. I also worry that using RPKI certs for this purpose might 
>>cause folks to want to have Subject names be meaningful, not 
>>arbitrary, as now required by our specs. So, if Robert is 
>>comfortable with imposing these sorts of constraints, I think it 
>>appropriate to make this a work item.
>
>Section (2) of the draft says:
>
>"2.  Meaning of a signature
>
>    By signing an RPSL object, the signer of the object expresses that:
>    o  they have the right to use the resource that the object refers to
>       (ie. found as the primary key or in some other field of the
>       object);
>    o ..."
>
>So in fact I already restrict the usage to only those type of 
>objects that have something to to with actual number resources (ie. 
>this excludes person objects). I'd be less comfortable to state *in 
>this document* that the certificate subject names should not be 
>meaningful; I'd defer that to the higher level documents such as the 
>certificate profile and architecture documents. However, since this 
>is only redundancy, not a new requirement, I'm not specifically 
>against this.
>
>Robert

Robert,

Thanks for the clarification., but I still have some serious concerns 
that I think need to be addressed as we progress this as a WG item.

I looked at your document and I see that section 5 is  a "Minimum set 
of Signed Attributes." To try to prevent the problem I cited, it 
really needs a definitive list of the objects and attributes that MAY 
be signed, with a prohibition on signing any other 
objects/attributes.  This is the opposite of what your text says, as 
it allows the signer to include whatever other attributes the signer 
wishes.

The name of an AS is NOT something that can be validated using the 
RPKI, and this needs to made clear to folks using this mechanism. The 
same is true for net name, org, country and status. The simplest 
thing to do would be to exclude these as signed attributes. I am not 
very familiar with the attributes you listed for the four object 
types, but I suspect that a more of them will fall into this category.

Also, for each of these objects/attributes, you need to describe what 
constitutes validation based on an appropriate cert or ROA, i.e., 
what checks MUST be performed by the RP to ensure that the signed 
object/attributes are consistent with the ROKI objects used to verify 
the signature.

Steve

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To: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
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Subject: Re: [sidr] Request for WG Last Call for
 draft-ietf-sidr-bogons-02.txt and draft-ietf-sidr-roa-validation-01.txt
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At 6:59 AM +1100 12/2/08, Geoff Huston wrote:
>WG Hair hat OFF
>
>Hi Steve,
>
>What I _think_ you describes as the "ROA use convention" is the use 
>of a ROA with an AS of 0 to act as an explicit denial in terms of 
>saying "these prefixes are bogons". I could be wrong in my 
>understanding of course.

I would not use the term "bogons" right now, given the debate about 
the meaning. The intent of the AS 0 ROA convention is to make an 
assertion that can be verified within the RPKI and which gives a 
relying party a basis for rejecting unverified assertions about 
routes for the prefix(es) in question.

>I must admit that right now I don't think I understand your proposed 
>"ROA use convention" clearly enough to agree with your assertion
>
>The BOA Approach:
>
>The BOA document is coupled with the ROA validation document so that 
>the ROA interpretation and the BOA interpretation are explicitly 
>described. in this context the ROA does NOT act with a double 
>meaning - it is an explicit authority without any implicit negation 
>connotations.

While it is fair to say that issuing an AS 0 ROA is intended to 
convey a special meaning, the processing of such a ROA is exactly the 
same as for any other ROA. So I hesitate to use the phrase "double 
meaning" even though I am sympathetic with your use of that term.

>The presence of a ROA does not act as a form of negation of any 
>other form of route origination. The BOA has no max length attribute 
>- any more specific of any prefix described in the BOA is 
>encompassed in the BOA.
>
>The "ROA use convention":
>
>This "ROA use convention" has me confused. In particular my 
>confusion lies in the following areas:
>
>   1. Does a 'convention ROA' has any implicit denial associated with 
>it, or is it a simple positive assertion as described above?

An AS 0 ROA is a positive assertion about the prefixes expressed in 
it, as far as RP software is concerned. The "feature" of this 
assertion is that, any unauthenticated assertions about the prefixes 
should be rejected in favor of this verifiable ROA (assuming that the 
ROA was signed by an entity that holds the prefixes in question). In 
saying that I am making some assumptions about how ROs use ROAs, and 
Danny has argued that we need to be more precise about such 
assumptions.

I see the AS 0 ROA as a valuable tool to deal with unallocated and 
reserved address space, during the very long period when relying 
parties will see a mix of verifiable and unverifiable assertions 
about route origination. I have not thought so much about the utility 
of this capability in a fully deployed system. I also did not 
consider assertions about AS numbers, a feature of BOAs.

>   2. How should a ROA with a AS value of 0 and a maxlength attribute 
>be interpreted.
>       Does a ROA for prefix=10.0.0.0/8 maxlength=8, AS=0 say 
>anything at all about 10.0.0.0/9?

To prevent unauthenticated assertions about all more specific 
prefixes from being accepted, the max length would have to be 32. 
Otherwise, an unauthenticated assertion about a longer prefix would 
not be "trumped" by the AS 0 ROA.

>So if you don't mind I'll reserve judgement on your question and 
>observe that while the BOA adds a further object to the repertoire 
>of 'recognised' RPKI signed objects, it does so in a manner that 
>makes negation explicit, does not rely on variable interpretation of 
>ROAs, does not stretch the ROA semantics beyond the simple positive 
>authority to as AS to originate a route and allows for incremental 
>piecemeal deployment in the network.

I admit that the AS 0 convention is a way of expressing a negative 
assertion about resources under the control of the ROA signer. 
However, I think the fact that this mechanism does not create a new 
type of sighed object, and requires no new processing, makes it 
worthwhile to consider.

Steve
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Matt/Steve,
Finally find time to do a detailed review of sidr-arch-04,
some comments below.

---
High-level comments:

-
Use of the term "holder", "resource holder", "legitimate
holder", etc.. occurs throughout.  It might be useful to
make this term explicit.

-
Use of the terms "registry/registries" and "subscribers"
is loose and could use an explicit definition and some
consistency early in the document, in particular in S 2
where some ambiguities might exist.

-
S 3.1.

I quite like this section, in particular:

"These filters would prevent importation of any route in which the
origin AS of the AS-PATH attribute is not an AS that is authorized
(via a valid ROA) to originate the route. (See Section 6.3 for more
details.)"

The reference should be S 7.3, not S 6.3.

Furthermore, given this text, and all of S 7.3., and discussions on
the mailing list as of late, we should perhaps revisit this discussion
explcitly and rework this text to accommodate consensus, and see
that any consensus finds it's way into subsequent documents (e.g.,
the ROA validation I-D).

-
Perhaps it'd be useful throughout to replace "portable" with
PI and PA, and then expand upon PA w/multi-homed from there?
Introducing the term portable may not necessarily mean PI, of
course.  S 7.2.3. attempts to talk about this briefly.

-
Option 1 in 7.2.2 seems untenable to me.  If the "susbcriber"
isn't willing to deal with getting their own AS, then it is
quite certain they'll not want to bother with getting a CA,
creating ROAs, etc..  Either way, in both examples, it's most
likely to be handled via proxy functions by one of the ISPs
involved.  It may be worth noting here that inconsistent AS
origins are generally considered undesirable on the global
Internet, for this, and other reasons.

On that, I wonder if any more text needs to be added regarding
issues with "proxy" handling by ISPs in scenarios such as this,
or do you believe we're covered fully with the existing
framework?

Furthermore, on 3/2007 Iljitsch pointed out that there is very
little discussion of a case where "customer M" announces a subset
of ISP 1s address block to ISP 1 and ISP 2 and you agreed to add
some text around this.  I don't see it either.

-
IANA Considerations surely should include some guidance to
IANA about investigation and preparation for anything that might
be required WRT serving as a TA.  Also, for legacy space, etc..

In general, I like to see more description and discussion of the
TA model here, as others (e.g., Roque on 11/17/08) and previous
discussions seem to support as well.


---
Editorial comments:

-
You'll need to update to the 4748 boilerplate in the next
revision, as you likely know.

-
sidr-res-certs-14 reference can be updated to -15 now.

-
S 2.

s/block of IP address/block of IP address/
s/knowledge the/knowledge of the/
s/IP address is hierarchic/IP addresses is hierarchic/
s/National Internet Registries and (NIRs)/National Internet Registries  
(NIRs), as/
s/regional or national registries/RIRs or NIRs/

-
S 2.1.

The acronymn 'CA' is introduced for the first time, might
be good to expand it in it's first use in an architecture
document.

-
S 2.2.

Graf 1 Ref to 6.2.2 should be 7.2.2.

s/internet registry or/RIR or/

-
S 2.5.

What would "in an out-of band fashion" entail in practice?

s/material provide to/material to/

-
S 3.

The tail end of this reads a bit odd:

"A Route Origination Authorization (ROA) makes such authorization
explicit, allowing a holder of address space to create an object
that explicitly and verifiably asserts that an AS is authorized
originate routes to prefixes."

Perhaps replace "to prefixes" with "for a given set of prefixes"?

-
S 3.1.

Graf 2 ref should be S 7.3, not S 6.3.

-
S 3.2.

s/time that is quite low/that time is quite low/

-
S 4.

s/The use access controls/The use of access controls/

-
S 4.2.

s/each registry/each RIR/ ?
s/Registries are encouraged/RIRs are encouraged/ ?
s/encouraged maintain/encouraged to maintain/

-
S 6.

Graf 1 ref should be 7.3, not 6.3.

Should't step 3 also saying something about missing data as
well, as S 7.3. does for ROAs?

-
S 7.

I'm not sure first-hop AS is unambiguous.  Why not be explicit
and say "origin AS" here?

-
S 7.1.

Graf 1 ref should be 7.2.2., not 6.2.2.

Graf 3 perhaps s/effected by/accomplished by/ ?

s/SHOULD NOT to/SHOULD NOT/

-
S 7.2.1.

s/certificates its own/certificates from its own/

-
S 7.2.2.

s/originate routers/originate routes/
s/encompassing prefix/encompassing aggregate/ ?

-
S 7.2.3.

s/regional or national registry/RIR or NIR/

-
7.3.

This entire section needs reworked, IMO.  Perhaps it should
just be removed and handled elsewhere, e.g., the ROA validation
draft?

I particularly do not like this text, which seemed to be bolted
onto the end, clearly as an afterthought:

"(and thus the filter described below which naively rejects all
UPDATES without a corresponding ROA would incorrectly reject valid
routes originated by ISPs that do not yet implement this
architecture)."

-
S 8.

s/database servers/database servers./

-
S 10.

s/Time/Tim/

-
S 11.1.

You should all those shold be Normative references, I wouldn't
think so.


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Hi,

> Robert,
> 
> Thanks for the clarification., but I still have some serious concerns 
> that I think need to be addressed as we progress this as a WG item.
> 
> I looked at your document and I see that section 5 is  a "Minimum set of 
> Signed Attributes." To try to prevent the problem I cited, it really 
> needs a definitive list of the objects and attributes that MAY be 
> signed, with a prohibition on signing any other objects/attributes.  
> This is the opposite of what your text says, as it allows the signer to 
> include whatever other attributes the signer wishes.
> 
> The name of an AS is NOT something that can be validated using the RPKI, 
> and this needs to made clear to folks using this mechanism. The same is 
> true for net name, org, country and status. The simplest thing to do 
> would be to exclude these as signed attributes. I am not very familiar 
> with the attributes you listed for the four object types, but I suspect 
> that a more of them will fall into this category.

The intention here is that the owner of the resources can make verifiable 
statements. They can claim, by constructing and signing RPSL objects, that 
certain facts are true regarding the use of the resource; in other words, 
this mechanism allows the holder of the resources to bind their resources 
and other info together. So it's really intentional that other attributes 
such as org name, AS name, import/export attributes, contact info, ... can 
be covered by the signature, even though these are not number resources.

If we state that the only attributes that can be signed are the ones that 
carry number resources, and which can also be found in the covering 
certificate (ie. your "maximum set" approach, if I understand correctly), 
then there is no practical gain for the signature. The only only meaning for 
such an object in my interpretation would be "The resource holder has 
spoken. They said they have an object." without any verifiable claims about 
the actual content of the object.

Based on this, I believe that the current "minimum set" specification is the 
right approach.

> Also, for each of these objects/attributes, you need to describe what 
> constitutes validation based on an appropriate cert or ROA, i.e., what 
> checks MUST be performed by the RP to ensure that the signed 
> object/attributes are consistent with the ROKI objects used to verify 
> the signature.

Very good suggestion, I completely agree with it.

Regards,
Robert

> Steve


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At 9:52 AM +0100 12/3/08, Robert Kisteleki wrote:
>Hi,
>
>>Robert,
>>
>>Thanks for the clarification., but I still have some serious 
>>concerns that I think need to be addressed as we progress this as a 
>>WG item.
>>
>>I looked at your document and I see that section 5 is  a "Minimum 
>>set of Signed Attributes." To try to prevent the problem I cited, 
>>it really needs a definitive list of the objects and attributes 
>>that MAY be signed, with a prohibition on signing any other 
>>objects/attributes.  This is the opposite of what your text says, 
>>as it allows the signer to include whatever other attributes the 
>>signer wishes.
>>
>>The name of an AS is NOT something that can be validated using the 
>>RPKI, and this needs to made clear to folks using this mechanism. 
>>The same is true for net name, org, country and status. The 
>>simplest thing to do would be to exclude these as signed 
>>attributes. I am not very familiar with the attributes you listed 
>>for the four object types, but I suspect that a more of them will 
>>fall into this category.
>
>The intention here is that the owner of the resources can make 
>verifiable statements. They can claim, by constructing and signing 
>RPSL objects, that certain facts are true regarding the use of the 
>resource; in other words, this mechanism allows the holder of the 
>resources to bind their resources and other info together. So it's 
>really intentional that other attributes such as org name, AS name, 
>import/export attributes, contact info, ... can be covered by the 
>signature, even though these are not number resources.

The problem is that the RPKI cert(s) used to verify such signed 
assertions do not attest to the accuracy of the other attributes. 
This means that we are allowing (really encouraging) relying parties 
to accept as accurate the data verified using RPKI certs, and that is 
dangerous.  It creates potential liabilities for the CAs in the RPKI. 
For example, if an ISP asserts in a signed object that it's name is 
Foo Corp, when in reality its name is Bar Co., this could create a 
liability for the registry that issued the CA cert to Bar Co. We have 
tried to avoid this sort of liability by restricting the subject 
names in resource certs to be non-meaningful, and this proposal 
reintroduces this liability.

>If we state that the only attributes that can be signed are the ones 
>that carry number resources, and which can also be found in the 
>covering certificate (ie. your "maximum set" approach, if I 
>understand correctly), then there is no practical gain for the 
>signature. The only only meaning for such an object in my 
>interpretation would be "The resource holder has spoken. They said 
>they have an object." without any verifiable claims about the actual 
>content of the object.

I think you are underestimating what could be done, but maybe I don't 
know enough about RPSL. Let me give an example:

	 If an ISP signs an object that asserts that it announces 
routes for several prefixes, then this assertion could be verified 
using a combination of the ROAs that attest to the origin AS info for 
each prefix, plus the transitive verification of similar records 
signed by other ISPs. That would provide the sort of static 
connectivity verification that soBGP proposed. This is an example  of 
a set of assertions that could be verified using data to which the 
RPKI attests.

>
>Based on this, I believe that the current "minimum set" 
>specification is the right approach.

I have to disagree. I think the proposal suffers from many of the 
same security problems that arise if one uses (non-resource) certs 
for authentication of RPSL data today, i.e., what you enable is an 
authenticated entity to make arbitrary assertions about arbitrary 
data.

Steve
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On Nov 6, 2008, at 1:00 PM, Geoff Huston wrote:

> WG Chair Hat OFF
>
> Since Sandy's Last Call on this document there have been a few  
> changes to the document which I should note here.
>
> The first set of changes concerns the revision from -13 to -14 (http://smakd.potaroo.net/cgi-bin/htmlwdiff?f1=..%2fall-ids%2fdraft-ietf-sidr-res-certs-14.txt&f2=..%2fall-ids%2fdraft-ietf-sidr-res-certs-13.txt 
> )
>
> Following advice from Steve Kent, the section on Trust Anchors was
> revised (section 6). The change has concerned the terminology used to
> described the various structures proposed in the TA model.

Indeed, and these changes, from -13 -> -14, and, certainly,
-14 to -15, seem quite significant, in particular those in
the introductory section of 6.3.  Can you provide a pointer
to the discussion that led to these changes post WG LC?

Also, given these changes, and in particular the sensitive
nature of their content, I would suggest that the WG fully
re-LC this document after this discussion is revisited on the
mailing list and consensus is reached regarding this topic:

<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/sidr/draft-ietf-sidr-res-certs/draft-ietf-sidr-res-certs-15-from-14.diff.html 
 >

Thanks!

-danny
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Geoff/George/Robert,
Some belated comments on this draft.  I hope most
help contribute tot he accuracy of the document
prior to publication, as many are trivial.

Thanks!

-danny


---
Substantial Comments

I already provided comments on my concern with the significant
set of changes that were added post WG LC in S 6.3 and beyond
in the -15 revision.  I would like to see discussion of these
on the WG mailing list, and perhaps even suspect some of that
would be more suitable for the sidr-arch draft, rather than
this draft.

---
Mostly Editorial Comments Below

-
Boilerplate update to 4748 will be required when new
revision is issued.

-
S 1.

I believe it would be worthwhile in the beginning to
define "number registry", as that term is used both
frequently and rather ambiguously throughout.

In the second to last graf you mention a use case
regarding "the detection of potential unauthorized
use of IP addresses", can you explain what this means?

-
S 3.2.

Regarding Serial number, did you really mean "unique per
Issuer", or "unique for each certificate issued"?

-
S 3.4.

The second graf here suggests that ID.sidr-arch imposes
conventions on Issuer names in resources certificates.  I
don't believe it does.  It talks about Subject names, but
not issuers names.  Perhaps you can clarify for me?

-
S 3.7.

s/current time,/current time./

-
S 3.9.1.

Need consistent capitalization of "basic constraints", varies
within this section, as well as in other sections (e.g. 6.3.1)
-
S 3.9.5.

s/implying at/implying that/

-
S 3.9.7.

s/is referenced the/is referenced in the/

-
S 3.9.8.

s/none must/MUST NOT/

-
S 6.2.

Regarding "It is suggested that implementations of Resource
Certificate validation MAY halt with a validation failure if
the certification path length exceeds a locally defined
configuration parameter.", do you have an indication of what
might be reasonable here in practice?

-
S 6.3.

Third graf, use of "registry" is rather ambiguous again.

s/must be a superset/MUST be a superset/ ?
s/thought not mandated/though not mandated/

-
S 6.3.1.

s/fof those/of those/

-
S 8.

s/[RFC3779]apply/[RFC3779] apply/

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On Oct 7, 2008, at 8:09 AM, Matt Lepinski wrote:
>
> 2) With regards to format, there was discussion in March in  
> Philidelphia which led to the addition of the max-length field. At  
> that time, the question was raised as to whether there should also  
> be a min-length field and at the time there seemed to be no operator  
> requirement for such a field. In particular, to justify a min-length  
> field one would need a use-case where a registered holder of IP  
> resources wishes to give an AS permission to advertise many long  
> prefixes, but expressly forbid the AS from advertising the aggregate  
> prefix. Such a use-case seems unlikely because in most cases  
> advertising the aggregate prefix does no harm (and indeed will be  
> ignored in the presence of advertisements for longer prefixes)  
> although I could be missing something.

Matt,
Catching up on old email (rereading while looking at
I-D changes)

One trivial comment here..  If two ASes announce the
same aggregate (prefix/len) it can certainly do harm,
as more specifics may be suppressed and routing would
simply select the preferred AS based on AS_PATH or
other selection criteria.  Route hijacks that are no
more specific than the legit route occur frequently,
and cause considerable pain to the prefix holder.

I'm not making a case for minLength, just sharing an
observation.

-danny



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Matt/Steve/Derrick,

Some comments on the ROA format draft below..

Thanks!

-danny

---
Substantial Comments

-
This document uses the term "holder" as well, could we
define this in the arch draft, or elsewhere, and so that
it has a common unambiguous interpretation within the
context of the SIDR work?

-
The ROA validation text doesn't include signing Time
as a consideration at all, although 2.1.6.4.3 and
2.1.6.4.4 both suggest that it explicitly specifies
that it no way affects validation.  Text should be
added to the S 3. accommodating this.

-
It is normal to specify in the validation procedures
whether ordering of the procedures is required or not?

-
Does there need to be text about UTCTime v.
GeneralizedTime and their relation and employment
before and after 2049 and 2050, in the respective
sections?



---
Editorial Comments

-
Abstract: s/to that one/to one/

-
S 2.1.3.2.3.

s/of IP address prefix/of an IP address prefix/

-
S 2.1.6.4.2.

Shouldn't the reference to RFC 3852 be to S 11.2
(v. S 11.1)?

-
S 2.1.6.4.3.

s/of absence/or absence/


-
S 2.1.6.4.4.

The title of this section should have a space between
BinarySigningTime and Attribute.

s/of absence/or absence/

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>

One other trivial comment here:

S 3.9.7.  expands SIA to "Subject Information Access",
rather than "Subject Information Authority".

An earlier version of the respos-struct draft did the
same, but it was corrected.

-danny



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Question about "multi-use" EEs..  The repos-struct-01
draft seems to suggest that they're "defined" in the
res-certs draft:

"2.1.  Manifests

    All CA's and all EE's that have repository publication points
    ("multi-use" EE certificates, as defined in
    [I-D.ietf-sidr-res-certs])..."

But the only text in the res-certs draft regarding
multi-use certs is in S 7:

"In the case of a "multi-use" EE certificate, the EE
certificate should issued using the CURRENT CA."

Does something more need to be provided to define this term
here?

Also, S 7. Bullet 6 (within key rollover operation) of
res-certs-15:

s/should issued using/should be issued using/

-danny
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[No hat]

Hi,

I have been avoiding raising any issues on the res-cert draft for  
political reasons, however I believe the draft is flawed in a non- 
political way in that section 6.3 makes reference to IANA acting in  
some capacity as a trust anchor yet the IANA Considerations section  
states:

"[Note to IANA, to be removed prior to publication: there are no IANA  
considerations stated in this document.]"

Either IANA is acting in some capacity as a trust anchor and as a  
result there ARE IANA considerations

- OR -

IANA is not acting in in some capacity as a trust anchor in which case  
the absence of IANA considerations is appropriate, but section 6.3  
needs to be revised to make explicit that IANA is NOT involved in the  
RPKI trust hierarchy.

You can't have both.

Hopefully this comment will not trigger political sensitivities  
regarding IANA's role in the RPKI.

Back under my rock.

Regards,
-drc

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On 04/12/2008, at 5:19 AM, Danny McPherson wrote:

>
> On Nov 6, 2008, at 1:00 PM, Geoff Huston wrote:
>
>> WG Chair Hat OFF
>>
>> Since Sandy's Last Call on this document there have been a few  
>> changes to the document which I should note here.
>>
>> The first set of changes concerns the revision from -13 to -14 (http://smakd.potaroo.net/cgi-bin/htmlwdiff?f1=..%2fall-ids%2fdraft-ietf-sidr-res-certs-14.txt&f2=..%2fall-ids%2fdraft-ietf-sidr-res-certs-13.txt 
>> )
>>
>> Following advice from Steve Kent, the section on Trust Anchors was
>> revised (section 6). The change has concerned the terminology used to
>> described the various structures proposed in the TA model.
>
> Indeed, and these changes, from -13 -> -14, and, certainly,
> -14 to -15, seem quite significant, in particular those in
> the introductory section of 6.3.  Can you provide a pointer
> to the discussion that led to these changes post WG LC?
>
> Also, given these changes, and in particular the sensitive
> nature of their content, I would suggest that the WG fully
> re-LC this document after this discussion is revisited on the
> mailing list and consensus is reached regarding this topic:
>
> <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/sidr/draft-ietf-sidr-res-certs/draft-ietf-sidr-res-certs-15-from-14.diff.html 
> >


WG Chair Hat OFF

The text you refer to was provided by Steve Kent. I understand that  
the text was proposed on the basis that the original text did not  
describe a valid PKIX construct.



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Geoff/Robert/George,

Some comments below on the sidr-repos-struct-01 draft,
mostly trivial.

---
Editorial Comments

-
S 2.1.

I'm not sure exactly which point the second graf in this
section is intending to make.  Some rewording, in particular
around "RPKI is "complete set"," is in order.

-
S 2.2.

s/continue of use a/continue the use of a/
s/pooint/point/
s/Whn/When/

In the CRL graf the text provides:

"The scope of a CRL in the RPKI is all objects issued by a CA,
implying that publication of successive instances of a CA's CRL
may overwrite previous instances of CRLs signed by the same CA's
private key in the publication repository."

Regarding this text, is there an instance where it
would not overwrite previous instances of CRLs?

"applying the algorithm described above" in the Signed
Objects text seems a bit overly terse given that the
prevous three items all elaborated on the point.  At least
adding "for CRL object names" would be consistent.

-
S 2.3.

s/the case of a EE's/the case of an EE's/

-
S 3.

s/certifificate/certificate/

-
S 5.

I'm wondering if the last graf there should provide
any guidance on what might be a reasonable chain length?
We left this [perhaps] sufficiently vague other I-Ds as
well.


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On Dec 3, 2008, at 3:33 PM, David Conrad wrote:

> [No hat]
>
> Hi,
>
> I have been avoiding raising any issues on the res-cert draft for  
> political reasons, however I believe the draft is flawed in a non- 
> political way in that section 6.3 makes reference to IANA acting in  
> some capacity as a trust anchor yet the IANA Considerations section  
> states:
>
> "[Note to IANA, to be removed prior to publication: there are no  
> IANA considerations stated in this document.]"
>
> Either IANA is acting in some capacity as a trust anchor and as a  
> result there ARE IANA considerations
>
> - OR -
>
> IANA is not acting in in some capacity as a trust anchor in which  
> case the absence of IANA considerations is appropriate, but section  
> 6.3 needs to be revised to make explicit that IANA is NOT involved  
> in the RPKI trust hierarchy.
>
> You can't have both.
>
> Hopefully this comment will not trigger political sensitivities  
> regarding IANA's role in the RPKI.

FWIW, I raised the same concern yesterday on the list via
comments made on the sidr-arch draft:

---
IANA Considerations surely should include some guidance to
IANA about investigation and preparation for anything that might
be required WRT serving as a TA.  Also, for legacy space, etc..

In general, I like to see more description and discussion of the
TA model here, as others (e.g., Roque on 11/17/08) and previous
discussions seem to support as well.
---

-danny
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On Dec 3, 2008, at 5:33 PM, David Conrad wrote:
> ...
> Either IANA is acting in some capacity as a trust anchor and as a  
> result there ARE IANA considerations
> - OR -
> IANA is not acting in in some capacity as a trust anchor in which  
> case the absence of IANA considerations is appropriate, but section  
> 6.3 needs to be revised to make explicit that IANA is NOT involved  
> in the RPKI trust hierarchy.

David -

As I read the draft, the IANA's role as a trust anchor is no different
than any of the RIR's (i.e. each acting as their own trust anchor for
their own RPKI hierarchy):

  S 6.3:
  "This observation motivates a two-tier trust anchor model for the
  RPKI. The top tier trust anchor for each RIR (and IANA) will be a
  self-signed certificate that contains no resource extensions. ... "

Setting aside the relative merits of having each RIR and IANA using
a separate RPKI hierarchy, it's somewhat understandable that there
is no IANA Considerations section, since there is no new requirements
for namespace management being put or changed on the IANA, per BCP26.
As written, the IANA might, at its discretion, decide to make use of
res certs, but that's not mandatory for this document to be useful.

While there is no new namespace of identifiers to be managed, I think
that it might be valuable to document the communities expectations for
the IANA in an "IANA Considerations" section.  Per the current draft,
this wouldn't necessary mention any IANA role as a trust anchor but
instead simply be note to the effect that "This document defines a
standard profile for certificates supporting validation of assertions
of right-to-use for Internet numbering resources, and that the IANA
should provide support for such assertions for the Internet numbering
resources which it manages."

/John




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On Nov 6, 2008, at 1:00 PM, Geoff Huston wrote:
>
> Since Sandy's Last Call on this document there have been a few  
> changes to the document which I should note here.
> ...
> Following advice from Steve Kent, the section on Trust Anchors was
> revised (section 6). The change has concerned the terminology used to
> described the various structures proposed in the TA model.

The clarifications and additions in section 6.3 are a major
step forward in understanding the intent of the draft with
respect to Trust Anchors.  With the improved understanding,
there are some questions raised as to how exactly the full
set of assertions should be obtained for any given Internet
numbering resource.

The draft uses the term "default trust anchor collection" in
section 6.3 ("Relying Parties can assemble the default trust
anchor collection by using the registry TA certificate for each
nominated trust anchor...") but doesn't specify how to navigate
the multiple RPKI hierarchies that occur only in the presence
of a "trust anchor collection", nor does it provide guidance
on to perform overall interpretation of multiple valid assertions
which might occur in presence of a "trust anchor collection".

The semantic logic regarding how to handle sets of overlapping
and contradictory assertions is essential for consistent
interpretation of the certificates contained in the full set
of RIR/IANA RPKI hierarchies.  Note that RFC 3779 not only
doesn't provide any assistance in resolving this situation,
it specifically sets rules to prevent such an situation from
occurring:
"Sections 2 and 3 specify several rules about the encoding of the  
extensions defined in this specification that MUST be followed. These  
encoding rules serve the following purposes. First, they result in a  
unique encoding of the extension's value; two instances of an  
extension can be compared for equality octet-by-octet.  Second, they  
achieve the minimal size encoding of the information. Third, they  
allow relying parties to use one-pass algorithms when performing  
certification path validation; in particular, the relying parties do  
not need to sort the information, or to implement extra code in the  
subset checking algorithms to handle several boundary cases (adjacent,  
overlapping, or subsumed ranges)."
In its present form, the draft departs from the single certificate
hierarchy envisioned in RFC 3779 ("IP address space is currently
managed by a hierarchy nominally rooted at IANA, but managed by
the RIRs"), and thus makes numerous combinations of conflicting
assertions possible for the same numbering resource.  Without
unstated information on how to obtain and correctly interpret
such combinations, the ambiguities that result prevent using
the proposed model with multiple RPKI hierarchies to ascertain
information for a given numbering resource with any degree of
certainty.  As this is *the* utility value of an RPKI system
for many in the community, I'd recommend we either correct the
model or supply the missing information which will allow for
deterministic use of the total RPKI infrastructure.

/John


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John,

On Dec 3, 2008, at 9:33 PM, John Curran wrote:
> As I read the draft, the IANA's role as a trust anchor is no different
> than any of the RIR's (i.e. each acting as their own trust anchor for
> their own RPKI hierarchy):

Yes, that is my interpretation of the draft as well.

> As written, the IANA might, at its discretion, decide to make use of
> res certs, but that's not mandatory for this document to be useful.

I don't want to go too far afield on a meta-point, but in the Brave  
New Internet in which we find ourselves, IANA does not do things at  
its discretion.  IANA implements decisions others make (presumably via  
some community-based consensus) through IANA Consideration sections or  
by specific direction of the IAB, IESG, etc.  The alternative would be  
"top down" decision making (oh, the horror) and would require IANA  
staff to have a level of expertise in a wide array of topic areas that  
is most likely not reasonable to assume.

With respect to the draft, if SIDR is indicating IANA needs to  
maintain an RPKI trust anchor (regardless of what it is covering), I  
believe an IANA considerations section needs to state IANA is directed  
to do this.  I understand that some folks are working on appropriate  
wording.

Regards,
-drc

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On 05/12/2008, at 4:38 AM, David Conrad wrote:

> John,
>
> On Dec 3, 2008, at 9:33 PM, John Curran wrote:
>> As I read the draft, the IANA's role as a trust anchor is no  
>> different
>> than any of the RIR's (i.e. each acting as their own trust anchor for
>> their own RPKI hierarchy):
>
> Yes, that is my interpretation of the draft as well.
>
>> As written, the IANA might, at its discretion, decide to make use of
>> res certs, but that's not mandatory for this document to be useful.
>
> I don't want to go too far afield on a meta-point, but in the Brave  
> New Internet in which we find ourselves, IANA does not do things at  
> its discretion.  IANA implements decisions others make (presumably  
> via some community-based consensus) through IANA Consideration  
> sections or by specific direction of the IAB, IESG, etc.  The  
> alternative would be "top down" decision making (oh, the horror) and  
> would require IANA staff to have a level of expertise in a wide  
> array of topic areas that is most likely not reasonable to assume.
>
> With respect to the draft, if SIDR is indicating IANA needs to  
> maintain an RPKI trust anchor (regardless of what it is covering), I  
> believe an IANA considerations section needs to state IANA is  
> directed to do this.  I understand that some folks are working on  
> appropriate wording.

WG CHair Hat Off

 From time to time the IETF heads into areas where its role intersects  
with the roles of other bodies, and its ability to direct the IANA to  
do, or not do, certain things has some relationship with the roles of  
these other bodies as well. In this case the draft's authors, namely  
myself, George Michaelson and Rob Loomans, have been made aware of  
some degree of intersection of interests between the RIRs and the IANA  
in terms of the roles of various bodies in terms of the publication of  
putative TA material that may be used by relying parties.

The draft deliberately does not prescribe any particular solution over  
and above any other, but proposes a way in which the RIRs and IANA can  
publish putative TA material in a manner that is useful to relying  
parties, should they choose to uses this material as their nominated  
Trust Anchors.

i.e. to state this clearly using wording comparable to David Conrad's  
note, the draft does not provide any particular direction to IANA, and  
while some folk may be off working on some appropriate wording to  
suggest to add to the draft that does provide such direction, other  
folk, including myself as a co-author of the document, are currently  
of the view that the current wording is entirely appropriate for the  
circumstance that we find ourselves in. No doubt the politics of the  
formation of rough consensus gathering in the IETF will sort all this  
out in the fullness of time.

My personal opinion follows:

The draft is not advocating that IANA does, or does not do any  
particular action with respect to the publication of TA material. In  
looking at the abundance of heat and absence of light that the topic  
of IANA signing of the root zone of the DNS has managed to generate  
over the years so far, and with the end still not yet in sight, and  
with the various statements of vague equivocation being made by many  
bodies, including that of the IAB (!), its all to easy to see that  
this general topic of the assumption of a "root" authority is one that  
is not simple, and that this topic when related to the address space  
may well bring out many more interests and many more perspectives than  
are evident in the current set of interested parties in the SIDR  
discussion. It would've been a tragedy, and perhaps a fatal one, if  
the DNSSEC standards had been contingent on the adoption of a single  
nominated process for iANA to sign the root zone of the DNS using IANA- 
generated keys. Obviously the DNSSEC documents would not have been  
published as RFCs yet, and the DNSSEC specifications would still be  
sitting in some strange half life as quasi-standards awaiting the  
termination of a process that is both overly political and potentially  
non-terminating! The signal that would give to DNS users as to the  
viability of DNSSEC would be less than a wholesome endorsement.

I personally see no merit whatsoever in consigning the SIDR work into  
a similar indeterminate twilight awaiting the termination of a  
political process that really has no clear outcome once the matter  
really gets the level of heat applied to it over the expression of  
national political interests into the Internet's infrastructure. Once  
the issue of authority over the address space is raised, then in the  
same fashion as the DNS where the matter has headed off into the realm  
of international politics, I personally suspect that we would see a  
statement of overarching interest being made by the NTIA within the US  
Government, citing some continuity of USG address management dating  
back through to the ARPA programs, and I also suspect that we'd see  
strong, perhaps vehement, statements of opposition coming from other  
national interests who would take the view, with some rational  
foundation, that one government has no right to hold such a privileged  
position with respect to an international public network while all  
other governments and treaty organizations are shut out of the process  
completely. The alignment of interests that are vehemently opposed to  
the USG exercising such a special role, and in particular given the  
rather unique ability to undertake a revocation apply a new level of  
political concern to the picture. It may well be that this particular  
looming political imbroglio over the authority of the address space is  
unavoidable, and that no matter what the IETF does or does not do, we  
are going to have to ensure the political stoush. Or, just maybe, we  
in the IETF can attempt to avoid the issue to some extent and insist  
that beauty, or in this case the choice of Trust Anchors, is in the  
eye of the beholder, or in this case is in the eye of relying parties.  
Maybe its better for the IETF to avoid being prescriptive as to where  
or how putative trust should be asserted as a part of the IETF's  
technology standard, and allow the technology to progress and be  
published as an Internet Standard without being stalled up on an issue  
which is not readily tractable given the breadth and diversity of  
interests. But some folk are perhaps more interested in politicizing  
the IETF and its outcomes, and forcing the IETF to take a stance that  
may well be interpreted as an outrageously partisan stance from a  
broader international political perspective. I _personally_ would view  
that development with some sorrow, as I suspect that we've seen too  
much of the IETF being branded as the compliant lapdog of a single  
government's interests for the past two decades, and as the IETF we've  
strived to get beyond all that and concentrate on developing and  
standardizing technology to the best of our collective abilities in  
the same fashion as, or hopefully better than, any other international  
standards organization. The way we've done that is to avoid taking  
sides arbitrarily in political debates and attempting to look at  
situations as objectively and as rationally as possible and perform a  
scoped task that relates to the development of technology. A little  
more of that form of rational process would, I believe, assist the  
SIDR WG to make the appropriate call here as well.


Geoff

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Geoff,

[No hat. Really.  Personal opinion only]

On Dec 4, 2008, at 10:50 PM, Geoff Huston wrote:
> From time to time the IETF heads into areas where its role  
> intersects with the roles of other bodies,

Yep.  Like (say) IPv6 and IPSEC requirements and the interaction with  
national crypto laws where the decision was made to choose the  
technically correct solution in the face of concerns that national  
laws would make deployment more difficult or even impossible (I  
remember a particularly interesting plenary in Danbury where that  
topic was 'discussed')...

> The draft is not advocating that IANA does, or does not do any  
> particular action with respect to the publication of TA material.
[many, many words elided]
> A little more of that form of rational process would, I believe,  
> assist the SIDR WG to make the appropriate call here as well.

This may come as a surprise, but I do not necessarily disagree with  
what you have said.  Because of personal experience, I am probably  
more aware of the political ramifications of single root issues than  
most here and as a result can see arguments both ways as to  
appropriate directions to take regarding trust anchor(s).

However, I am unaware of any public discussion in which those trust  
anchor issues have been broached much less addressed.  In the case of  
DNSSEC, there was little, if any, discussion about the operational  
realities of attempting to deploy DNSSEC including trust anchor issues  
and IANA's role.  As a (arguably) direct result, we're now 12 years  
into deployment and have gotten minimal traction.  It would be tragic  
to repeat that particularly sad history with RPKI.  Presumably, the  
goal here is to get something that can actually be deployed...

I would gently suggest that attempting to ignore the politically  
sensitive issues (whether they be national politics or ICANN/RIR  
politics) by not addressing the underlying cause of those issues is  
leading us down the exact same potentially non-terminal path you  
express concerns about (particularly when the NRO representative at  
the ICANN meeting waves a bouquet of red flags at the assembled  
governance officials during the plenary and when it becomes a topic of  
discussion and not necessarily in a good way (I'm told) at the IGF).   
The ant mound has already been stirred.  Pretending you're not covered  
in honey is unlikely to have a positive outcome.

If you wish to argue that the treatment of trust anchors should not be  
in the res-certs draft, that's fine as long as you follow it up with  
'it should be in X' (and you define 'X' :-)).  I believe it important  
that there be an open discussion about the pros and cons of the  
various trust anchor models and any recommendation be made in a  
transparent manner. I reiterate my belief that if IANA is going to be  
a participant in a trust anchor or anchors, it needs to be called out  
explicitly in the IANA Considerations section, but that's merely my  
opinion (like the entirety of this note).

FWIW.

Regards,
-drc

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Subject: Re: [sidr] draft-ietf-res-certs (IANA Considerations section)
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WG Chair Hat OFF

On 05/12/2008, at 7:28 PM, David Conrad wrote:

> Geoff,
>
> [No hat. Really.  Personal opinion only]
>
> On Dec 4, 2008, at 10:50 PM, Geoff Huston wrote:
>> From time to time the IETF heads into areas where its role  
>> intersects with the roles of other bodies,
>
> Yep.  Like (say) IPv6 and IPSEC requirements and the interaction  
> with national crypto laws where the decision was made to choose the  
> technically correct solution in the face of concerns that national  
> laws would make deployment more difficult or even impossible (I  
> remember a particularly interesting plenary in Danbury where that  
> topic was 'discussed')...
>
>> The draft is not advocating that IANA does, or does not do any  
>> particular action with respect to the publication of TA material.
> [many, many words elided]

ahh, but they were many fine words!  :-)

>
>> A little more of that form of rational process would, I believe,  
>> assist the SIDR WG to make the appropriate call here as well.
>
> This may come as a surprise, but I do not necessarily disagree with  
> what you have said.  Because of personal experience, I am probably  
> more aware of the political ramifications of single root issues than  
> most here and as a result can see arguments both ways as to  
> appropriate directions to take regarding trust anchor(s).
>
> However, I am unaware of any public discussion in which those trust  
> anchor issues have been broached much less addressed.  In the case  
> of DNSSEC, there was little, if any, discussion about the  
> operational realities of attempting to deploy DNSSEC including trust  
> anchor issues and IANA's role.  As a (arguably) direct result, we're  
> now 12 years into deployment and have gotten minimal traction.  It  
> would be tragic to repeat that particularly sad history with RPKI.   
> Presumably, the goal here is to get something that can actually be  
> deployed...

There are of course many possible reasons for this rather sad state of  
affairs in DNSSEC, but I must admit that I find it rather difficult to  
believe that a lack of an IETF debate on this topic would be at the  
heart of this particular saga (DNSSEC).

>
>
> I would gently suggest that attempting to ignore the politically  
> sensitive issues (whether they be national politics or ICANN/RIR  
> politics) by not addressing the underlying cause of those issues is  
> leading us down the exact same potentially non-terminal path you  
> express concerns about (particularly when the NRO representative at  
> the ICANN meeting waves a bouquet of red flags at the assembled  
> governance officials during the plenary and when it becomes a topic  
> of discussion and not necessarily in a good way (I'm told) at the  
> IGF).  The ant mound has already been stirred.  Pretending you're  
> not covered in honey is unlikely to have a positive outcome.

I'm sorry, but I'm completely unaware of this circumstance you are  
reporting here. However, I suppose that it is illustrative of the  
state of affairs we live in these days where these matters enjoy such  
political sensitivity.

>
>
> If you wish to argue that the treatment of trust anchors should not  
> be in the res-certs draft, that's fine as long as you follow it up  
> with 'it should be in X' (and you define 'X' :-)).  I believe it  
> important that there be an open discussion about the pros and cons  
> of the various trust anchor models and any recommendation be made in  
> a transparent manner. I reiterate my belief that if IANA is going to  
> be a participant in a trust anchor or anchors, it needs to be called  
> out explicitly in the IANA Considerations section, but that's merely  
> my opinion (like the entirety of this note).
>


I am arguing that the res-cert draft is appropriately phrased in  
making no particular call on IANA to represent itself as the "root" TA  
fpr the RPKI, and arguing that the draft is appropriate in that it  
paints the picture that the selection of TA material is a matter for  
relying parties to determine and simply describes how TA material can  
be packaged in a way that creates stable TA material. i.e. I am not  
heading down the path of saying where it should be - I am limiting  
myself to a "not here please" statement.

My related observation is pretty much the same as yours - these are  
thorny matters with many interests and perspectives. I for one don't  
see this matter being resolved by a simple SIDR WG discussion - oh no  
- thats just the opening statements in something that I fear will  
carry on, like DNSSEC, for a decade or longer.  So maybe I should just  
reconcile myself to the fact that progress on these drafts is not  
going to be glacial - its going to be geological, and I should spare  
my fingers the trouble of typing too much too early, becuase it seems  
that this particualr set of issues is going to be hanging around for  
decades, like this complete set of SIDR WG drafts. Oh what fun. not.




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Subject: Re: [sidr] draft-ietf-res-certs (IANA Considerations section)
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On Dec 5, 2008, at 5:31 AM, Geoff Huston wrote:
> ...
> I am arguing that the res-cert draft is appropriately phrased in  
> making no particular call on IANA to represent itself as the "root"  
> TA fpr the RPKI, and arguing that the draft is appropriate in that  
> it paints the picture that the selection of TA material is a matter  
> for relying parties to determine and simply describes how TA  
> material can be packaged in a way that creates stable TA material.  
> i.e. I am not heading down the path of saying where it should be - I  
> am limiting myself to a "not here please" statement.

Geoff -

That indirection would be a wonderful, elegant solution to
the situation, but unfortunately in its present form it
creates much larger problem than it solves.

In particular, we need to keep in mind that the usefulness of
the RPKI system for most parties is going to be predicated
upon providing a well-understood, deterministic mechanism for
verification of assertions across the entire Internet numbering
resource space.

The ability to perform such validation is well-defined in a
world with a single PKI hierarchy covering the resource space,
and (with all due respect to drc :-) it would be understandable
if an IETF WG decided omit specification of the TA entity in
the IANA Considerations section due to the inherently political
nature of the question, and with the hope that the Trust Anchor
determination for such a system would indeed be addressed
someplace else. While this would fail to allow for immediate
implementation of the full desired functionality, advancing a
res-cert draft without the TA specified would still allow for
technical validation of the solution and insertion of the
appropriate TA once that matter had been settled "elsewhere".

However, the res-cert-15 draft sidesteps this issue instead
by introduction of the alternative of having a "trust anchor
collection"; i.e. multiple RPKI certificate hierarchies to
cover the entire Internet numbering resource space.   This
proposal of multiple PKI hierarchies for a single resource
space is completely new technical construct which lacks
definition of many desired operations such as the process
for overall assertion validation, and process for transfer
of resources between RPKI hierarchies.

As a result, the IETF is being encouraged to advance an
incomplete *technical* solution.  Even if a well-understood
and accepted set of "trust anchor collection" material is
determined elsewhere sometime in the future, it's inclusion
still leaves unaddressed how a third-party makes use of the
constellations of RPKI certificate hierarchies to come up
with a generally understood consistent answer in validation
of any given RPKI assertion, nor would it address how routine
PKI functions should be implemented between the multiple RPKI
hierarchies that have been introduced as the "solution" to the
TA specification problem.

It's not the omission of the "root" TA for RPKI which is the
issue, it's the introduction of the ill-defined technical
construct of a  "trust anchor constellation" which (IMHO) makes
the current res-cert draft fundamentally flawed.


> My related observation is pretty much the same as yours - these are  
> thorny matters with many interests and perspectives. I for one don't  
> see this matter being resolved by a simple SIDR WG discussion - oh  
> no - thats just the opening statements in something that I fear will  
> carry on, like DNSSEC, for a decade or longer.  So maybe I should  
> just reconcile myself to the fact that progress on these drafts is  
> not going to be glacial - its going to be geological, and I should  
> spare my fingers the trouble of typing too much too early, becuase  
> it seems that this particualr set of issues is going to be hanging  
> around for decades, like this complete set of SIDR WG drafts. Oh  
> what fun. not.

The set of changes getting from res-cert-13 to res-cert-15
introduces technical ambiguity as noted above, and it seems
quite appropriate that incomplete specifications move at
glacial pace, if at all.

/John



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>
> In general, I like to see more description and discussion of the
> TA model here, as others (e.g., Roque on 11/17/08) and previous
> discussions seem to support as well.

Hi Danny,

I want to clarified that it was my understanding before the meeting  
that TA material information was going to be in the version 04 arch  
document (that was the issue that I raised in the 11/17 email),  
however during the IETF73 version 15 of the cert-profile came out and  
included that information.

As we discussed at the SIDR meeting, we should avoid having  
information duplicated in different documents and as arch document  
should not have formating information, the cert profile doc should  
then be the correct place to have this information.

So, I do not have an open point on this issue.

Regards,
Roque






> ---
>
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<html><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><div><br>In general, I like to see more description and =
discussion of the<br>TA model here, as others (e.g., Roque on 11/17/08) =
and previous<br>discussions seem to support as =
well.<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Hi =
Danny,</div><div><br></div><div>I want to clarified that it was my =
understanding before the meeting that TA material information was going =
to be in the version 04 arch document (that was the issue that I raised =
in the 11/17 email), however during the IETF73 version 15 of the =
cert-profile came out and included that =
information.</div><div><br></div><div>As we discussed at the SIDR =
meeting, we should avoid having information duplicated in different =
documents and as arch document should not have formating information, =
the cert profile doc should then be the correct place to have this =
information.</div><div><br></div><div>So, I do not have an open point on =
this =
issue.</div><div><br></div><div>Regards,</div><div>Roque</div><div><br></d=
iv><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><br><blockq=
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec  8 13:37:03 2008
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Date: Mon, 8 Dec 2008 14:44:46 -0500
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From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
Subject: [sidr] a proposed syntax change to the format of trust anchors
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The current  res-cert profile defines a format for trust anchors 
based on self-signed certs (either in isolation or embedded in a CMS 
signed object).

There is some work ongoing in the PKIX WG addressing trust anchor 
management. Much of this work is not directly applicable to the SIDR 
context, as the PKIX work is initially focusing on push-based 
management of TAs, whereas the SIDR model is pull-based. However, we 
have tentative agreement on a base format for trust anchors, and that 
format could be used in the SIDR context, with only a very minor 
change to our current syntax. Specifically, the base format allows 
for a SEQUENE of self-signed certs (or other representations about 
which we do not care) instead of a single self-signed cert.

If there are no objections, I'd like to ask Geoff to change the TA 
text in his document to adopt this format.

Steve
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec  8 13:37:06 2008
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Date: Mon, 8 Dec 2008 14:56:35 -0500
To: John Curran <jcurran@istaff.org>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
Cc: sidr@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [sidr] draft-ietf-res-certs ("Trust Anchor Collection" model)
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At 2:08 AM -0500 12/4/08, John Curran wrote:
>On Nov 6, 2008, at 1:00 PM, Geoff Huston wrote:
>>
>>Since Sandy's Last Call on this document there have been a few 
>>changes to the document which I should note here.
>>...
>>Following advice from Steve Kent, the section on Trust Anchors was
>>revised (section 6). The change has concerned the terminology used to
>>described the various structures proposed in the TA model.
>
>The clarifications and additions in section 6.3 are a major
>step forward in understanding the intent of the draft with
>respect to Trust Anchors.  With the improved understanding,
>there are some questions raised as to how exactly the full
>set of assertions should be obtained for any given Internet
>numbering resource.
>
>The draft uses the term "default trust anchor collection" in
>section 6.3 ("Relying Parties can assemble the default trust
>anchor collection by using the registry TA certificate for each
>nominated trust anchor...") but doesn't specify how to navigate
>the multiple RPKI hierarchies that occur only in the presence
>of a "trust anchor collection", nor does it provide guidance
>on to perform overall interpretation of multiple valid assertions
>which might occur in presence of a "trust anchor collection".
>
>The semantic logic regarding how to handle sets of overlapping
>and contradictory assertions is essential for consistent
>interpretation of the certificates contained in the full set
>of RIR/IANA RPKI hierarchies.  Note that RFC 3779 not only
>doesn't provide any assistance in resolving this situation,
>it specifically sets rules to prevent such an situation from
>occurring:
>"Sections 2 and 3 specify several rules about the encoding of the 
>extensions defined in this specification that MUST be followed. 
>These encoding rules serve the following purposes. First, they 
>result in a unique encoding of the extension's value; two instances 
>of an extension can be compared for equality octet-by-octet. 
>Second, they achieve the minimal size encoding of the information. 
>Third, they allow relying parties to use one-pass algorithms when 
>performing certification path validation; in particular, the relying 
>parties do not need to sort the information, or to implement extra 
>code in the subset checking algorithms to handle several boundary 
>cases (adjacent, overlapping, or subsumed ranges)."
>In its present form, the draft departs from the single certificate
>hierarchy envisioned in RFC 3779 ("IP address space is currently
>managed by a hierarchy nominally rooted at IANA, but managed by
>the RIRs"), and thus makes numerous combinations of conflicting
>assertions possible for the same numbering resource.  Without
>unstated information on how to obtain and correctly interpret
>such combinations, the ambiguities that result prevent using
>the proposed model with multiple RPKI hierarchies to ascertain
>information for a given numbering resource with any degree of
>certainty.  As this is *the* utility value of an RPKI system
>for many in the community, I'd recommend we either correct the
>model or supply the missing information which will allow for
>deterministic use of the total RPKI infrastructure.
>
>/John

John,

I'm not sure what you mean by "multiple valid assertions." If you 
mean multiple ROAs that identify different AS'es, then that is an 
allowed outcome, as I believe Randy has separately noted. If the ROAs 
all can be validated, then they are all equally "good" in the eyes of 
the RPKI model. This is true whether we have one TA or multiple TAs.

It think the point to which you may be alluding is that if we have 
the five RIRs and IANA as TAs, then a mismatch between IANA's 
allocation database and the database of any RIR, or between the 
databases of any RIRs, will not automatically be detected by the RFC 
3779 path validation mechanism.  That observation is correct, but 
there's more ...

I once proposed developing software to detect conflicting allocations 
(sub-allocations). The proposed was shot down by folks who argued 
that transfer of address space among users would cause too many false 
positives to make detection mechanisms worthwhile. Thus, even if we 
were to adopt a model where IANA is the only default TA, lower tiers 
in the nominal hierarchy can still make mistakes that result in 
conflicts. The limitation imposed by the 3779 path validation 
criteria is that such errors are limited to the set of resources held 
by the CA in question. So, if we adopt a model with IANA as the only 
root, we do reduce the range of errors that can result in conflicting 
allocations, but we do not prevent all such (potential) conflicts.

I can think of ways to help relying parties to detect possible 
IANA/RIR and RIR/RIR allocation conflicts in a model where both RIRs 
and IANA are TAs, but, as noted above, we have to remember that this 
will not deal with all such conflicts.

Finallly, we have to remember that, ultimately, each RP gets to make 
its own TA choices. We are offering a default (or putative) set of 
TAs as part of the architecture, but we cannot mandate which entities 
each relying party will select. Also, ISPs that use RFC 1918 
addresses and choose to make use of the RPKI, they will need to 
(locally) override the public address space hierarchy anyway.

Steve


P.S.  Irrespective of my analysis above, yes, I do prefer a 
singly-rooted PKI, with IANA as the only TA, but I can live with a 
set of TAs so long as I can count them on my fingers, and they all 
are authoritative for the resources in question :-).
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From sidr-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec  8 13:43:00 2008
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On 09/12/2008, at 6:44 AM, Stephen Kent wrote:

> The current  res-cert profile defines a format for trust anchors  
> based on self-signed certs (either in isolation or embedded in a CMS  
> signed object).
>
> There is some work ongoing in the PKIX WG addressing trust anchor  
> management. Much of this work is not directly applicable to the SIDR  
> context, as the PKIX work is initially focusing on push-based  
> management of TAs, whereas the SIDR model is pull-based. However, we  
> have tentative agreement on a base format for trust anchors, and  
> that format could be used in the SIDR context, with only a very  
> minor change to our current syntax. Specifically, the base format  
> allows for a SEQUENE of self-signed certs (or other representations  
> about which we do not care) instead of a single self-signed cert.
>
> If there are no objections, I'd like to ask Geoff to change the TA  
> text in his document to adopt this format.

Thanks Steve,

As I understand your proposal, the CMS packaging remains, but it  
allows for a sequence of self-signed certs in which, in this profile,  
the sequence has a single member.

have I got that right?

regards,

    Geoff



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To: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
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>>...
>
>Thanks Steve,
>
>As I understand your proposal, the CMS packaging remains, but it 
>allows for a sequence of self-signed certs in which, in this 
>profile, the sequence has a single member.
>
>have I got that right?
>
>regards,
>
>    Geoff

Yes, Geoff, absolutely correct.

Steve
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On 09/12/2008, at 8:09 AM, Stephen Kent wrote:

>>> ...
>>
>> Thanks Steve,
>>
>> As I understand your proposal, the CMS packaging remains, but it  
>> allows for a sequence of self-signed certs in which, in this  
>> profile, the sequence has a single member.
>>
>> have I got that right?
>>
>> regards,
>>
>>   Geoff
>
> Yes, Geoff, absolutely correct.
>
> Steve

I think that converging our TA model with TAMP is a very good idea,  
and I support this proposal.

-George
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Stephen Kent wrote:
> 
> Steve
> 
> 
> P.S.  Irrespective of my analysis above, yes, I do prefer a 
> singly-rooted PKI, with IANA as the only TA, but I can live with a set 
> of TAs so long as I can count them on my fingers, and they all are 
> authoritative for the resources in question :-).
> _______________________________________________


Steve, That's the concern -- what happens if 2 RIR's assert authority to 
the same resource?

   --Heather


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On Tue, 9 Dec 2008, Heather Schiller wrote:

> Stephen Kent wrote:
>> 
>> Steve
>> 
>> 
>> P.S.  Irrespective of my analysis above, yes, I do prefer a singly-rooted 
>> PKI, with IANA as the only TA, but I can live with a set of TAs so long as 
>> I can count them on my fingers, and they all are authoritative for the 
>> resources in question :-).
>> _______________________________________________
>
>
> Steve, That's the concern -- what happens if 2 RIR's assert authority to the 
> same resource?

That was my interpretation of John's concern, too.

I believe that part of the freedom granted to relying parties ("granted" 
because there's no way to prevent them) is not only that relying parties 
are free to choose their trust anchors, but also that the relying parties 
are free to say what they trust their trust anchors to speak 
authoritatively for.

So the relying parties can take care to ensure that they do not grant 
overlapping authority to their trust anchors.  It should be the case that 
relying parties who mess that up, mess themselves up, not other people.

--Sandy



>
>  --Heather
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> sidr mailing list
> sidr@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr
>
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Sandra Murphy wrote:
> 
> 
> On Tue, 9 Dec 2008, Heather Schiller wrote:
> 
>> Stephen Kent wrote:
>>>
>>> Steve
>>>
>>>
>>> P.S.  Irrespective of my analysis above, yes, I do prefer a 
>>> singly-rooted PKI, with IANA as the only TA, but I can live with a 
>>> set of TAs so long as I can count them on my fingers, and they all 
>>> are authoritative for the resources in question :-).
>>> _______________________________________________
>>
>>
>> Steve, That's the concern -- what happens if 2 RIR's assert authority 
>> to the same resource?
> 
> That was my interpretation of John's concern, too.
> 
> I believe that part of the freedom granted to relying parties ("granted" 
> because there's no way to prevent them) is not only that relying parties 
> are free to choose their trust anchors, but also that the relying 
> parties are free to say what they trust their trust anchors to speak 
> authoritatively for.
> 
> So the relying parties can take care to ensure that they do not grant 
> overlapping authority to their trust anchors.  It should be the case 
> that relying parties who mess that up, mess themselves up, not other 
> people.
> 
> --Sandy
> 
> 
> 

It sounds like you are suggesting that it is up to the operator to 
decide who is authoritative for a set of resources.  This seems 
illogical because the operator doesn't control the resources and who is 
authoritative for them.  Deciding which RIR should be authoritative for 
a resource is non trivial and should not be left up to individual 
operators.  Appointing a single TA - and having it delegate downward 
resolves this conflict.  ..alternatively find some other way to ensure 
that multiple TA's can not have a conflict.


--Heather

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On Tue, Dec 09, 2008 at 12:09:05PM -0500, Sandra Murphy wrote:
  On Tue, 9 Dec 2008, Heather Schiller wrote:
  >Stephen Kent wrote:
  >>
  >>P.S.  Irrespective of my analysis above, yes, I do prefer a singly-rooted 
  >>PKI, with IANA as the only TA, but I can live with a set of TAs so long 
  >>as I can count them on my fingers, and they all are authoritative for the 
  >>resources in question :-).
  >>_______________________________________________
  >Steve, That's the concern -- what happens if 2 RIR's assert authority to 
  >the same resource?
  
  That was my interpretation of John's concern, too.
  
  I believe that part of the freedom granted to relying parties ("granted" 
  because there's no way to prevent them) is not only that relying parties 
  are free to choose their trust anchors, but also that the relying parties 
  are free to say what they trust their trust anchors to speak 
  authoritatively for.

  So the relying parties can take care to ensure that they do not grant 
  overlapping authority to their trust anchors.  It should be the case that 
  relying parties who mess that up, mess themselves up, not other people.

zoinks.  that seems like an awful lot of trust to take
out of the architecture and put back into the oft
overtired or overworked or counterincented fingers sidr 
is trying to secure against.  are you still going with
'secure' in the title?

another problem, this relatively radical change in the
architecture turns a whole class of people who are guaranteed
to be proponents of sidr (like caida, whose research it will
make easier because it will reduce the amount of work we have
to do to resolve addresses to science) into people whose lives
sidr will make much harder for little benefit.

so, you at least have some marketing issues. 

but i see even deeper problems.  it now sounds like a dlv-based
bgp, and afaict for the same reasons.  geoff explains to drc:

        My related observation is pretty much the same as yours - these are
        thorny matters with many interests and perspectives. I for one don't
        see this matter being resolved by a simple SIDR WG discussion - oh
        no - thats just the opening statements in something that I fear will
        carry on, like DNSSEC, for a decade or longer.

as justified as that fear is, i can't imagine widespread support
for pulling another IPv6 to avoid pulling another DNSSEC.  
(i'm no DNSSEC fan, but we should acknowledge that the root is
closer to getting signed than it's ever been (thanks to meatspace
governments recognizing the alternatives are worse), while
IPv6 still doesn't even have any scalable routing architecture
to even talk about deploying.  but i asked vixie to tune in
here, since he no doubt has some hard-earned wisdom from tilting
at dlv that is relevant.)
seems to me we've got a long history of 'let's leave that
(economic/ownership/trust) part of this problem for some set
of people who is not us' in recent ietf attempts to retrofit
societal needs back into the Internet architecture, and scant
evidence that even the designers are happy with the results.
i agree that the trust architecture merits a separate draft,
but i don't see a good case for postponing that draft.  especially
since geoff and others are pushing hard for the RIRs to allow for 
legitimate sale of ipv4 addresses to the highest bidder, asap.
if we're gonna turn the economic and the ownership 
architectures for IP addresses upside down at the same time,
we'd best make the trust architecture exceedingly clear.

k
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On 10/12/2008, at 3:07 AM, Heather Schiller wrote:

> Stephen Kent wrote:
>> Steve
>> P.S.  Irrespective of my analysis above, yes, I do prefer a singly- 
>> rooted PKI, with IANA as the only TA, but I can live with a set of  
>> TAs so long as I can count them on my fingers, and they all are  
>> authoritative for the resources in question :-).
>> _______________________________________________
>
>
> Steve, That's the concern -- what happens if 2 RIR's assert  
> authority to the same resource?
>

WG chair hat off

And no I'm not Steve either. :-)

There is no protection anywhere in the RPKI to prevent overlap as an  
intrinsic property of the RPKI in the case where a single issuer may  
certify the same resource to two different entities simultaneously.  
Certificates do not generally prevent this situation of overlap.

And in some cases this may be a feature rather than a bug. When you  
consider the case of a transfer of resources between two entities it  
may be prudent to certify the new entity with the resources while the  
old entity is also certified with the resources in order to allow  
relying parties to synchronise their local cached state of the  
distributed repository with the new entity's certified resources  
before the CA revokes the old entity's certificate that included the  
transferred resources.

As far as I can tell certificates cannot provide any particular  
"protection in terms of duplication. The protection, and assurance, is  
reliant on the accuracy and integrity of the processes used by all  
involved parties in the correct and diligent administration of number  
resources. I don't see how certificates can provide any intrinsic  
protection against procedural failures - it is incumbent on the CAs  
here to be very diligent in their administration of these resources  
and ensure that their records, and their issued certificates are  
accurate.

As far as I understand the situation this statement applies  
irrespective of any particular TA model.


regards,

   Geoff



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On Dec 2, 2008, at 7:24 PM, Stephen Kent wrote:

> An AS 0 ROA is a positive assertion about the prefixes expressed in  
> it, as far as RP software is concerned. The "feature" of this  
> assertion is that, any unauthenticated assertions about the prefixes  
> should be rejected in favor of this verifiable ROA (assuming that  
> the ROA was signed by an entity that holds the prefixes in  
> question). In saying that I am making some assumptions about how ROs  
> use ROAs, and Danny has argued that we need to be more precise about  
> such assumptions.
>
> I see the AS 0 ROA as a valuable tool to deal with unallocated and  
> reserved address space, during the very long period when relying  
> parties will see a mix of verifiable and unverifiable assertions  
> about route origination. I have not thought so much about the  
> utility of this capability in a fully deployed system. I also did  
> not consider assertions about AS numbers, a feature of BOAs.

Steve,

Sorry for the late reply on this subject, but I was rereading the  
archives and it brought to my recollection a statement you made at the  
microphone in Minneapolis regarding AS 0 ROAs.  I didn't readily grasp  
the meaning of what you said, so I'm seeking clarification.

As I recall, you stated that a registry wishing to use a BOA to cover  
its space could just as well use AS 0 ROAs with a different practice.   
Whenever that registry allocated space, it would have to reissue the  
AS 0 ROAs so the newly allocated space is not covered.  At least I  
think that was the gist of what you described.

Is this correct, or can you explain again the scenario you mentioned?

-andy
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Date: Thu, 11 Dec 2008 16:54:22 -0500
To: Sandra Murphy <sandy@sparta.com>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
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Subject: Re: [sidr] draft-ietf-res-certs ("Trust Anchor Collection" model)
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At 12:09 PM -0500 12/9/08, Sandra Murphy wrote:
>On Tue, 9 Dec 2008, Heather Schiller wrote:
>...
>
>So the relying parties can take care to ensure that they do not 
>grant overlapping authority to their trust anchors.  It should be 
>the case that relying parties who mess that up, mess themselves up, 
>not other people.
>
>--Sandy

yes, the effects of an RP error in managing it TA info is local to that RP.

Steve
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Date: Thu, 11 Dec 2008 16:54:22 -0500
To: Heather Schiller <heather.schiller@verizonbusiness.com>
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Subject: Re: [sidr] draft-ietf-res-certs ("Trust Anchor Collection" model)
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At 1:38 PM -0500 12/9/08, Heather Schiller wrote:
>...
>It sounds like you are suggesting that it is up to the operator to 
>decide who is authoritative for a set of resources.  This seems 
>illogical because the operator doesn't control the resources and who 
>is authoritative for them.  Deciding which RIR should be 
>authoritative for a resource is non trivial and should not be left 
>up to individual operators.  Appointing a single TA - and having it 
>delegate downward resolves this conflict.  ..alternatively find some 
>other way to ensure that multiple TA's can not have a conflict.
>
>
>--Heather

Heather,

In ANY PKI, each RP is always the final arbiter of who he/she 
perceives to be authoritative. The best we can do here is to provide 
a default TA (or set of TAs), that are easy for RPs to adopt, and 
that reflect the extant resource allocation system. That's what we 
have done, almost :-).

I have a lot of exposure to attempts to create PKIs that cross 
organizations boundaries, in various parts of the world. Compared the 
other efforts with which I am familiar, this is a very, very good 
effort. We have avoided creating third parties to act as CAs. We 
don't have bridge CAs (which could not work with the 3779 path 
validation description). We're debating the downside of offering 6 
TAs, all of which are legitimate, authoritative entities in the 
resource allocation system, vs 1. I think we're pretty close.

Steve
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Date: Thu, 11 Dec 2008 16:54:22 -0500
To: Heather Schiller <heather.schiller@verizonbusiness.com>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
Cc: sidr@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [sidr] draft-ietf-res-certs ("Trust Anchor Collection" model)
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At 11:07 AM -0500 12/9/08, Heather Schiller wrote:
>Stephen Kent wrote:
>>
>>Steve
>>
>>
>>P.S.  Irrespective of my analysis above, yes, I do prefer a 
>>singly-rooted PKI, with IANA as the only TA, but I can live with a 
>>set of TAs so long as I can count them on my fingers, and they all 
>>are authoritative for the resources in question :-).
>>_______________________________________________
>
>
>Steve, That's the concern -- what happens if 2 RIR's assert 
>authority to the same resource?
>
>   --Heather

If two RIRs claim to be authoritative for the same address block, and 
if they both allocate that block to lower tier entities (e.g., ISPs), 
then certs and ROAs issued by those entities will validated by RP 
software using the default TA set. Note, though that an equivalent 
problem can arise of one RIR accidentally allocates the same block to 
two ISPs. We can't reliably detect and automatically reject this, 
because when address space transfers are in process, they look the 
same (in terms of RPKI objects).

Yes, it would be preferable if we had a way to detect inter-RIR 
conflicts when they represent errors.  There is at least one possible 
solution to this, even if both IANA and the RIRs are represented as 
"default" or "nominal" trust anchors, but it would be cleaner if IANA 
was the sole TA.

Steve


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<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<html><head><style type="text/css"><!--
blockquote, dl, ul, ol, li { padding-top: 0 ; padding-bottom: 0 }
 --></style><title>Re: [sidr] draft-ietf-res-certs (&quot;Trust Anchor
Collection&quot;</title></head><body>
<div>At 11:07 AM -0500 12/9/08, Heather Schiller wrote:</div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite>Stephen Kent wrote:
<blockquote type="cite" cite><br>
Steve<br>
<br>
<br>
P.S.&nbsp; Irrespective of my analysis above, yes, I do prefer a
singly-rooted PKI, with IANA as the only TA, but I can live with a set
of TAs so long as I can count them on my fingers, and they all are
authoritative for the resources in question :-).<br>
_______________________________________________</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><br>
<br>
Steve, That's the concern -- what happens if 2 RIR's assert authority
to the same resource?<br>
<br>
&nbsp; --Heather</blockquote>
<div><br></div>
<div>If two RIRs claim to be authoritative for the same address block,
and if they<u> both</u> allocate that block to lower tier entities
(e.g., ISPs), then certs and ROAs issued by those entities will
validated by RP software using the default TA set. Note, though that
an equivalent problem can arise of one RIR accidentally allocates the
same block to two ISPs. We can't reliably detect and automatically
reject this, because when address space transfers are in process, they
look the same (in terms of RPKI objects).</div>
<div><br></div>
<div>Yes, it would be preferable if we had a way to detect inter-RIR
conflicts when they represent errors.&nbsp; There is at least one
possible solution to this, even if both IANA and the RIRs are
represented as &quot;default&quot; or &quot;nominal&quot; trust
anchors, but it would be cleaner if IANA was the sole TA.</div>
<div><br></div>
<div>Steve</div>
<div><br></div>
<div><br></div>
</body>
</html>
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Date: Thu, 11 Dec 2008 16:54:22 -0500
To: k claffy <kc@caida.org>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
Cc: sidr@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [sidr] draft-ietf-res-certs ("Trust Anchor Collection" model)
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At 7:33 PM -0800 12/9/08, k claffy wrote:
>On Tue, Dec 09, 2008 at 12:09:05PM -0500, Sandra Murphy wrote:
>   On Tue, 9 Dec 2008, Heather Schiller wrote:
>   >Stephen Kent wrote:
>   >>
>   >>P.S.  Irrespective of my analysis above, yes, I do prefer a singly-rooted
>   >>PKI, with IANA as the only TA, but I can live with a set of TAs so long
>   >>as I can count them on my fingers, and they all are authoritative for the
>   >>resources in question :-).
>   >>_______________________________________________
>   >Steve, That's the concern -- what happens if 2 RIR's assert authority to
>   >the same resource?
>
>   That was my interpretation of John's concern, too.
>
>   I believe that part of the freedom granted to relying parties ("granted"
>   because there's no way to prevent them) is not only that relying parties
>   are free to choose their trust anchors, but also that the relying parties
>   are free to say what they trust their trust anchors to speak
>   authoritatively for.

that's correct.

>
>   So the relying parties can take care to ensure that they do not grant
>   overlapping authority to their trust anchors.  It should be the case that
>   relying parties who mess that up, mess themselves up, not other people.
>
>zoinks.  that seems like an awful lot of trust to take
>out of the architecture and put back into the oft
>overtired or overworked or counterincented fingers sidr
>is trying to secure against.  are you still going with
>'secure' in the title?

yes, I am :-). The insecurity that results from an RP making errors 
primarily affects that RP, i.e., he/she is vulnerable to viewing 
invalid origin assertions as being authentic, but no other RPs suffer 
the same fate.

>another problem, this relatively radical change in the
>architecture turns a whole class of people who are guaranteed
>to be proponents of sidr (like caida, whose research it will
>make easier because it will reduce the amount of work we have
>to do to resolve addresses to science) into people whose lives
>sidr will make much harder for little benefit.

On what basis do you assert that there is little benefit from this 
infrastructure?

>so, you at least have some marketing issues.
>
>but i see even deeper problems.  it now sounds like a dlv-based
>bgp, and afaict for the same reasons.  geoff explains to drc:
>
>         My related observation is pretty much the same as yours - these are
>         thorny matters with many interests and perspectives. I for one don't
>         see this matter being resolved by a simple SIDR WG discussion - oh
>         no - thats just the opening statements in something that I fear will
>         carry on, like DNSSEC, for a decade or longer.

I am less pessimistic that Geoff in this regard, but I do think it 
would be preferable to move forward with our 6 TA model, and work the 
politics to to enable migration to a single TA (IANA) model. It will 
be easy to make this migration if the community agrees.

>as justified as that fear is, i can't imagine widespread support
>for pulling another IPv6 to avoid pulling another DNSSEC.

I don't understand this metaphor. I fear you've been hanging out with 
Randy too much :-)!

>(i'm no DNSSEC fan, but we should acknowledge that the root is
>closer to getting signed than it's ever been (thanks to meatspace
>governments recognizing the alternatives are worse), while
>IPv6 still doesn't even have any scalable routing architecture
>to even talk about deploying.  but i asked vixie to tune in
>here, since he no doubt has some hard-earned wisdom from tilting
>at dlv that is relevant.)

I agree that we're getting close on IANA as the single DNSSEC root. 
This too has been a political issue, after a long technical 
development process. I am hoping we have a shorter tech development 
process for the RPKI.

>seems to me we've got a long history of 'let's leave that
>(economic/ownership/trust) part of this problem for some set
>of people who is not us' in recent ietf attempts to retrofit
>societal needs back into the Internet architecture, and scant
>evidence that even the designers are happy with the results.
>i agree that the trust architecture merits a separate draft,
>but i don't see a good case for postponing that draft.  especially
>since geoff and others are pushing hard for the RIRs to allow for
>legitimate sale of ipv4 addresses to the highest bidder, asap.
>if we're gonna turn the economic and the ownership
>architectures for IP addresses upside down at the same time,
>we'd best make the trust architecture exceedingly clear.

We can split off the discussion of trust anchors options and 
management into a separate I-D, if enough folks believe that will 
help.  But, I also agree with you that if we just use this document 
restructuring to defer the problem, we  are not making great progress.

Steve
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Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2008 10:52:28 -0500
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From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
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Subject: Re: [sidr] Request for WG Last Call for
 draft-ietf-sidr-bogons-02.txt and draft-ietf-sidr-roa-validation-01.txt
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At 9:27 AM -0500 12/10/08, Andrew Newton wrote:
>On Dec 2, 2008, at 7:24 PM, Stephen Kent wrote:
>
>>An AS 0 ROA is a positive assertion about the prefixes expressed in 
>>it, as far as RP software is concerned. The "feature" of this 
>>assertion is that, any unauthenticated assertions about the 
>>prefixes should be rejected in favor of this verifiable ROA 
>>(assuming that the ROA was signed by an entity that holds the 
>>prefixes in question). In saying that I am making some assumptions 
>>about how ROs use ROAs, and Danny has argued that we need to be 
>>more precise about such assumptions.
>>
>>I see the AS 0 ROA as a valuable tool to deal with unallocated and 
>>reserved address space, during the very long period when relying 
>>parties will see a mix of verifiable and unverifiable assertions 
>>about route origination. I have not thought so much about the 
>>utility of this capability in a fully deployed system. I also did 
>>not consider assertions about AS numbers, a feature of BOAs.
>
>Steve,
>
>Sorry for the late reply on this subject, but I was rereading the 
>archives and it brought to my recollection a statement you made at 
>the microphone in Minneapolis regarding AS 0 ROAs.  I didn't readily 
>grasp the meaning of what you said, so I'm seeking clarification.
>
>As I recall, you stated that a registry wishing to use a BOA to 
>cover its space could just as well use AS 0 ROAs with a different 
>practice.  
>Whenever that registry allocated space, it would have to reissue the 
>AS 0 ROAs so the newly allocated space is not covered.  At least I 
>think that was the gist of what you described.
>
>Is this correct, or can you explain again the scenario you mentioned?
>
>-andy


Andy,

Your characterization is good paraphrase of my comments at the mic. 
In fairness to Geoff's BOA proposal, my ROA As 0 convention is not as 
powerful, in that it has no provisions for making a negative 
assertion about AS numbers.

If I were a registry (or an ISP) making use of the AS 0 ROA approach, 
I would issue one EE cert and one associated ROA )covering all of the 
unallocated space that I hold). The EE cert would have a lifetime 
consistent with the time I take to respond to allocation requests, 
maybe on 1-day lifetime. That way I would not have to put the EE cert 
on a CRL when a new AS 0 ROA was issued; I'd just be issuing one new 
cert and one new ROA every day. Since it is probably good practice to 
issue a CRL every day, the set of objects published by the 
registry/ISP would have to change that frequently anyway, so this is 
not much of a new burden, (e.g., the manifest has to change whenever 
a new CRL is issued).

I also note that even if we don't adopt AS 0 ROAs as a recognized way 
to make this sort of assertion, any ROA issuer can use it anyway, 
either explicitly or via analogous means :-).

Steve


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On Dec 12, 2008, at 10:52 AM, Stephen Kent wrote:

> Andy,
>
> Your characterization is good paraphrase of my comments at the mic.  
> In fairness to Geoff's BOA proposal, my ROA As 0 convention is not  
> as powerful, in that it has no provisions for making a negative  
> assertion about AS numbers.
>
> If I were a registry (or an ISP) making use of the AS 0 ROA  
> approach, I would issue one EE cert and one associated ROA )covering  
> all of the unallocated space that I hold). The EE cert would have a  
> lifetime consistent with the time I take to respond to allocation  
> requests, maybe on 1-day lifetime. That way I would not have to put  
> the EE cert on a CRL when a new AS 0 ROA was issued; I'd just be  
> issuing one new cert and one new ROA every day. Since it is probably  
> good practice to issue a CRL every day, the set of objects published  
> by the registry/ISP would have to change that frequently anyway, so  
> this is not much of a new burden, (e.g., the manifest has to change  
> whenever a new CRL is issued).
>
> I also note that even if we don't adopt AS 0 ROAs as a recognized  
> way to make this sort of assertion, any ROA issuer can use it  
> anyway, either explicitly or via analogous means :-).
>
> Steve

Steve,

Thanks for the information.  That was very helpful.

As to the use of a negative attestation (be it BOA or AS 0 ROA) by a  
registry, that will most likely be decided by policy in my opinion.   
But I do believe there are operational differences between the two  
approaches.

A 1 day lifetime is reasonable during the working week, but weekends  
and holidays are a different story.  And often times those weekends  
are used for maintenance windows.  Additionally, there are exception  
cases were allocations need to be updated urgently and then there are  
trouble shooting events... in both these situations an AS 0 ROA acts  
like an another moving part that needs to be double checked whereas a  
BOA requires less care and maintenance.  From my perspective, a BOA  
seems less error prone should negative attestations be desired.

I think there is also another angle to the adoption issue that needs  
consideration.  As I stated, I do not know if negative attestations  
will be immediately adopted and at what level.  But let's hypothesize  
about a community that adopts RPKI and does not use them.  And then, 5  
years after adoption they determine that such a thing is needed.  To  
get them, there would be a need to cycle back through the standards  
track and software adoption curve.  It seems better to have BOAs in  
the standard now and have them ignored then to have to iterate through  
another standards & software adoption process.

-andy

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On Dec 11, 2008, at 4:54 PM, Stephen Kent wrote:

> If two RIRs claim to be authoritative for the same address block,  
> and if they both allocate that block to lower tier entities (e.g.,  
> ISPs), then certs and ROAs issued by those entities will validated  
> by RP software using the default TA set. Note, though that an  
> equivalent problem can arise of one RIR accidentally allocates the  
> same block to two ISPs. We can't reliably detect and automatically  
> reject this, because when address space transfers are in process,  
> they look the same (in terms of RPKI objects).
>
> Yes, it would be preferable if we had a way to detect inter-RIR  
> conflicts when they represent errors.  There is at least one  
> possible solution to this, even if both IANA and the RIRs are  
> represented as "default" or "nominal" trust anchors, but it would be  
> cleaner if IANA was the sole TA.
>
> Steve

Steve,

I want to be sure I understand this.  The double allocation conflict  
can originate from anywhere in the tree, even from the root, right?   
So this conflict is only tangential to the nature of the trust  
anchor(s)?

-andy
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Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2008 16:46:25 -0500
To: Andrew Newton <andy@hxr.us>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
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Subject: Re: [sidr] Request for WG Last Call for
 draft-ietf-sidr-bogons-02.txt and draft-ietf-sidr-roa-validation-01.txt
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At 2:31 PM -0500 12/12/08, Andrew Newton wrote:
>On Dec 12, 2008, at 10:52 AM, Stephen Kent wrote:
>...
>Steve,
>
>Thanks for the information.  That was very helpful.
>
>As to the use of a negative attestation (be it BOA or AS 0 ROA) by a 
>registry, that will most likely be decided by policy in my opinion.  
>But I do believe there are operational differences between the two approaches.
>
>A 1 day lifetime is reasonable during the working week, but weekends 
>and holidays are a different story.  And often times those weekends 
>are used for maintenance windows.  Additionally, there are exception 
>cases were allocations need to be updated urgently and then there 
>are trouble shooting events... in both these situations an AS 0 ROA 
>acts like an another moving part that needs to be double checked 
>whereas a BOA requires less care and maintenance.  From my 
>perspective, a BOA seems less error prone should negative 
>attestations be desired.

First, recall that each CRL says when the next CRL will be issued, so 
if one decides to not issue CRLs on weekend and holidays, that 
distinction is easy to express in the CRL NextUpdate field. 
Similarly, if the intent is to not make new allocations and enable 
then during such periods, the AS 0 ROA can be given a longer lifetime 
for those days.

Separately, I don't think I understand the operational difference. A 
BOA, as a signed object, would need to be revoked just as an AS 0 ROA 
would, and it would have the same lifetime management requirements. 
Which aspect of BOAs vs. AA 0 ROAs, do you believe make the former 
easier to deal with in these contexts?

>I think there is also another angle to the adoption issue that needs 
>consideration.  As I stated, I do not know if negative attestations 
>will be immediately adopted and at what level.  But let's 
>hypothesize about a community that adopts RPKI and does not use 
>them.  And then, 5 years after adoption they determine that such a 
>thing is needed.  To get them, there would be a need to cycle back 
>through the standards track and software adoption curve.  It seems 
>better to have BOAs in the standard now and have them ignored then 
>to have to iterate through another standards & software adoption 
>process.

I think there are several, separable issues here. One issue is 
whether we need to make provisions for negative assertions. If so, 
then I agree that making provisions for such assertions sooner is 
better.  A second issue is the scope of such assertions (just address 
space or address space and AS numbers).  Then  we can ask what form 
such assertions should take, e.g., BOAs vs. ROAs, vs. ?

I observe that if the scope of such assertions is just address space, 
and not AS numbers I believe we can do this via ROAs, and thus we 
already have the necessary mechanism available. It then becomes a 
matter of policy whether to make such assertions ort not.

Steve
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Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2008 16:53:25 -0500
To: Andrew Newton <andy@hxr.us>
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Subject: Re: [sidr] draft-ietf-res-certs ("Trust Anchor Collection" model)
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At 2:37 PM -0500 12/12/08, Andrew Newton wrote:
>>...
>
>Steve,
>
>I want to be sure I understand this.  The double allocation conflict 
>can originate from anywhere in the tree, even from the root, right?  
>So this conflict is only tangential to the nature of the trust anchor(s)?
>
>-andy

Yes, that's right. The use of 3779 extensions does not prevent an 
authorized holder of resources from issuing two certs for a subset of 
the resources.  It does provide hard evidence of such an allocation, 
which in itself helps identify where an error was made, if indeed, 
the actions reflects an error (e.g., vs. a transfer of the resource). 
Use of CRLs also allows one to remedy an error in a highly visible 
fashion.

Steve
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On Dec 12, 2008, at 1:53 PM, Stephen Kent wrote:
> At 2:37 PM -0500 12/12/08, Andrew Newton wrote:
>>
>> The double allocation conflict can originate from anywhere in the  
>> tree, even from the root, right?  So this conflict is only  
>> tangential to the nature of the trust anchor(s)?
> Yes, that's right.

Sorry, I'm a bit confused, but perhaps that's because I misunderstood  
the original issue.  My reading of the issue in question is:

Assume you as an RP have accepted TAs 1 through 6 to certify blocks of  
address space they allocate and (say) TA 2 decides to certify the same  
block as TA 3.  This seems fundamentally different to me than 'further  
down the tree', i.e., either ISP X doubly allocating a block to two  
customers or ISP X and ISP Y receiving the same allocation.  In both  
of the 'further down the tree' cases, there is a parent that can  
'adjudicate' the conflict either via the chain of trust defined by the  
RPKI or via contractual relationships.  In the case of multiple TAs  
certifying the same block, no such parent exists and the RP gets a  
choice: either accept the fact that a block has been allocated to  
multiple entities and deal with it (somehow), figure out which of the  
assertions to believe from which TA, or stop believing one of the  
TAs.  None of these seem particularly appealing.

If I didn't misunderstand the issue, this seems like a potentially  
serious problem, particularly if the TAs have difficulty working/ 
playing well together (perish the thought) and/or turn out to be  
competitors in the fullness of time.

Did I misunderstand?

Regards,
-drc

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Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2008 10:42:15 -0500
To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
Cc: sidr@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [sidr] draft-ietf-res-certs ("Trust Anchor Collection" model)
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At 3:02 PM -0800 12/12/08, David Conrad wrote:
>On Dec 12, 2008, at 1:53 PM, Stephen Kent wrote:
>>At 2:37 PM -0500 12/12/08, Andrew Newton wrote:
>>>
>>>The double allocation conflict can originate from anywhere in the 
>>>tree, even from the root, right?  So this conflict is only 
>>>tangential to the nature of the trust anchor(s)?
>>Yes, that's right.
>
>Sorry, I'm a bit confused, but perhaps that's because I 
>misunderstood the original issue.  My reading of the issue in 
>question is:
>
>Assume you as an RP have accepted TAs 1 through 6 to certify blocks 
>of address space they allocate and (say) TA 2 decides to certify the 
>same block as TA 3.  This seems fundamentally different to me than 
>'further down the tree', i.e., either ISP X doubly allocating a 
>block to two customers or ISP X and ISP Y receiving the same 
>allocation.  In both of the 'further down the tree' cases, there is 
>a parent that can 'adjudicate' the conflict either via the chain of 
>trust defined by the RPKI or via contractual relationships.  In the 
>case of multiple TAs certifying the same block, no such parent 
>exists and the RP gets a choice: either accept the fact that a block 
>has been allocated to multiple entities and deal with it (somehow), 
>figure out which of the assertions to believe from which TA, or stop 
>believing one of the TAs.  None of these seem particularly appealing.
>
>If I didn't misunderstand the issue, this seems like a potentially 
>serious problem, particularly if the TAs have difficulty 
>working/playing well together (perish the thought) and/or turn out 
>to be competitors in the fullness of time.
>
>Did I misunderstand?
>
>Regards,
>-drc

David,

You are correct that in the case of a duplicate allocation by any 
entity farther down the tree, there is a single entity (the CA in 
question) that can resolve the conflict. However, from the 
perspective of relying party software, the problem is the same, i.e., 
the conflicting assertions (certs and ROAs) both validate.  I thought 
that was the focus of the question.

As you note, if two RIRs issue conflicting certs, and both are TAs, 
then the out-of-band resolution of the conflict requires cooperation 
across organizational boundaries. If the community agrees that 
records maintained by IANA re allocation of address blocks to RIRs 
are the preferred way to avoid/resolve such conflicts, then certs 
issued by IANA to the RIRs, reflecting such allocations, would 
provide a solution (at least from the RP software perspective).  Note 
that such certs could be issued by IANA even if each RIR is a 
"default" TA, and used by RP software as an independent check on the 
consistency of the RPKI TA certs issued by RIRs to themselves.

Steve
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Subject: [sidr] Multiple v. Single TA (was something else)
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>  Note that such certs could be issued by IANA even if each RIR is a  
> "default" TA, and used by RP software as an independent check on the  
> consistency of the RPKI TA certs issued by RIRs to themselves.

Steve,
Can you expand upon this comment?  Would this be a normal
model to operate or is there some offshoot?

Somewhat related...

Here's one of my issues with multiple RIRs being TAs.  Some
RIRs invest much more heavily in security than others, and NONE
currently have an operational role in routing on the Internet
(this talk of weekends, holidays, et al., illustrates the issue).

If someone were to launch a targeted attack they could first
compromise the least secure RIR (TA), and then they can do what
they wish and affect ANY resource, right?.  Whereas, with a single
TA model, the attack surface would only involve a single RIR and
IANA up my validation path, is that correct?  What other factors
should be considered here?

What about security of the repository in a multi-TA model, are
there things that should be considered there?

-danny

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To: Danny McPherson <danny@tcb.net>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
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Subject: Re: [sidr] Multiple v. Single TA (was something else)
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At 2:35 PM -0700 12/15/08, Danny McPherson wrote:
>>  Note that such certs could be issued by IANA even if each RIR is a 
>>"default" TA, and used by RP software as an independent check on 
>>the consistency of the RPKI TA certs issued by RIRs to themselves.
>
>Steve,
>Can you expand upon this comment?  Would this be a normal
>model to operate or is there some offshoot?

This is definitely a special case. In a "normal' RP environment, 
there would be no provision to perform this sort of cross check. I 
fairness, however, use of the 3779 extension in path validation is 
not supported by most RPs anyway, so the RPKI is special. Also, since 
we see a need to provide tools to enable an RP to manage TAs to allow 
for use of RFC 1918 addresses (locally), it would be simple to add 
this cross check into such code.

>Somewhat related...
>
>Here's one of my issues with multiple RIRs being TAs.  Some
>RIRs invest much more heavily in security than others, and NONE
>currently have an operational role in routing on the Internet
>(this talk of weekends, holidays, et al., illustrates the issue).
>
>If someone were to launch a targeted attack they could first
>compromise the least secure RIR (TA), and then they can do what
>they wish and affect ANY resource, right?.  Whereas, with a single
>TA model, the attack surface would only involve a single RIR and
>IANA up my validation path, is that correct?  What other factors
>should be considered here?

I agree with your analysis. Having RIRs be TAs without a cross check 
capability does increase the overall system vulnerability, for the 
reasons you cited above.

>What about security of the repository in a multi-TA model, are
>there things that should be considered there?

I don't think the repository system incurs significant additional 
risks due to adoption of a multi-TA model, since each RIR seems like 
a "natural" host for repository data  for its members. Also, we put 
in a number of safeguards (based on data being signed by the 
cognizant authorities, typically ISPs) to minimize the risks posed by 
attacks against repositories But I admit to not having looked into 
this issue closely.

Steve
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Subject: [sidr] minutes from sidr IETF 73
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Thanks to Roque Gagliano, who took the minutes at the sidr meeting in 
Minneapolis.

The minutes are below.  Please comment to the list of any changes you 
think are needed.

--Sandy


Minutes for IETF SIDR Meeting IETF73.
November 17th 2008. 1300-1500
Salon AB - Hilton.
Minneapolis, MN. USA.

Chairs:
Sandra Murphy
Geoff Huston (participating remotely).

Minutes taker: Roque Gagliano - LACNIC
Jabber scriber: George Michaelson - APNIC

1300: Session called to order.

A) Administrivia
B) Updated Drafts

1) Two presentations by Matt Lepinski BBN Technologies:


a) RPKI Architecture Document (draft-ietf-sidr-arch-04.txt):
- 04 Document out, differences with 03: Improved abstract and
consistency with other SIDR doc. No open issues, please read.
Comments?:
Sandy - Route Filters and semantic issues raised by Geoff (the list
is exclusionary, the issue was raised during the RPSL discussion last
time).
Matt - Not in the current version, need to have private discussion of
how go deal with this issue.
Ruediger - Route Filter Use is not real validation but to implement
policy. For doing this you can use different sources of information,
better if it is good sources. This discussion of what do we do until
we get to the final form of validation has not happen yet (will it in
this century?).
Geoffry Haas - in support, SIDR should talk about create filters from
data. RPSEC work leading should talk about using this data for
security preference. If a network chooses not to use, that should be
fine.
Randy Bush - dont think you want to get into what shades of lipstick
on the pig?.
Matt - The intention of the arch, document is just that the date in
the RPKI can be used as an input for policy desicion.
Roque - Please do not mention DNSSEC and what happened with trust
anchor material information?
Matt - Ok.
Stephen - We need to keep detailed information in only one document,
open to know about which one. The Cert profile version 15 has
reasonable information but we need to keep it in one place.
Sandy- Architecture document do not normally have formatting
information.



a) ROA Format document (draft-ietf-sidr-roa-format-04.txt):
Version-04. Changes since 03:
- Clarified text on ROA validity.
- Addresses in ROA must be a subset of EE certificate Prefixes (not
need for exact match).


RobertK - Currently you can have prefixes overlapping from different
ROAs, the problem is that it can be confusing for implementors. One
implementation takes it as "wrong.".
Ruediger - What is the problem? this can be a feature. I may want to
announce the aggregate and have particular policies for some and not
all the more specifics. Overlapping ROAs should be allowed.
Rob Austein - Now that we have a use for these, I will change the
code.
S. Kent - How does people feel about inherit bit in the ROA. Looks to
us that can be a problem to developers to have those and not the
explicit cert.
Rob Austein - Agreed may be simpler to implement
RobertK - You still need to go up the chain.
Rob Austein - This issue is only for ROAs, do not put in more generic
doc. Leave it in the ROA doc.
Matt - Will take this issue to the list.
Randy - Overlapping Prefixes: Will be working with Ruediger on the
unusual cases. Do we want to give funny code about this?
Sandy - Any harm to overlapping ROAs?
Randy - The code, but it is a consequence of funny arch.
Matt - Hopefully will discuss this on the list.
Other issue: multiple signature proposal, believe there is not
consensus to change.
Randy - I do not consent.
Ruediger - Cases are so rare that I do not consent.
Rob Austein - I do not consent.
Sandy - As a WG chair I also believe there is not consensus for this.

What is the process on for multiple ROA? The ROA draft continue alive
but not consensus on adding multiple signatures to the ROAs.

Russ (Author CMS) - No problem going that way.

Next discussion raised: BOA & ROA ASN=0:

Matt - Transition period, ROA for AS = 0. Can we add text that it
should be interpreted as "should not be routable".
Randy - Fear of manual trust anchor configuration can be a
consequence and we will finish similarly to the current bogon
filters.
S Kent - Unlike BOA during the transition period this idea will not
mean a new mechanism, this is zero changes.
Sandy - Would it require changes in the validation software?
S Kent - NO.
Randy - It would require changes in the BGP path selection in
routers?
S Kent - Maybe.
Ruediger - I would like to have detestation as a way to tell
"everything should validate PKI", also in the transition I would like
to have detestation for things that I know that should not be there.
Dave - Is this the same as BOA?
S. Kent. - What it says is that the origin ASN for this prefix is 0.
Rob Austein - The issue is the semantic in routing that is a
different discussion.
Roque - Ruediger mentioned that want to have a detestation mechanism,
the question is what is he expecting from the RIR when generating ROA
ASN=0 or BOA, that impacts our registration software and may have
consequences in time to route.


Presentation by Stephen Kent from BBN - Certificate Policy document:
draft-ietf-sidr-cp-04.txt


   Thanks comments.
   Stephen explained the meaning of the CP document and particularly
pointed out that this is the one document every party in RPKI agrees
to.
   Changes from version 03:
- inclusion of "bogon" route.
possibility of different signed objects (not just ROA).

Randy: do we need an RFC?
Stephen: not in the current text.
Randy: So I have to agree to accept signed objects that I do not know
its semantics?
Stephen: CP area about issuing Certs by CA.
Randy: What contract am I making?
Stephen: There is no responsibility of the issuer of the Certs on
what it is used to signed. You cannot control what the end users do,
you can point out what the intend is: routing security.
Randy: Do not have problem to make this distinction.
Stephen: will take it to the mailing list.

- Change Cert. Authorities, added IANA.
CP will be co-adminitrated by IANA and the five RIRs.
Mark: You gave it to the RIR and you asked for feedback, what is
next?
Stephen: Would like more participation from the RIR. And listen to
their feedback.
Randy: Why does the document mentions "default-trust-anchor" that is
something that relying party decides.
Stephen: It is normal practice to have that information in the CP,
the "normally used" but yes the RP may decide.
Randy: As it is a touchy issue, please finesse it.
Stephen: Will try.
Paul Hoffman: We need this, as it is common practice in every CP. RP
will like to have as much information as possible in the CP document.
Danny McPherson: There are implications on the decision of the trust
anchors and would like to have discussion in the IETF.
Stephen: I have some slides.
- Key changeover. Includes ISP/LIR, etc.
Randy: there are also LIR to sub-LIR, needs to get the appropriate
text here.
- 6.3.2 trying to explain why the RIR cert change periodically while
IANA do not, but the language needs to be modified.
- Trust anchor material, showed the current practice. Check the new
version of the CERT Profile draft.

End of Presentation. Question section:

Andrei - I apologize for the lack of feedback. The problem is that it
is "tricky". Our legal team is checking it, for the time it takes I
can see it is not a simple thing. I also believe that the doc. goes
to issues that are still "hot discussions". Example, re-allocation
policies are still under discussion. Another thing it states that the
use is "secure routing", but the trust is that we are talking about
"right of use". Can we put it in one page document? we are talking
about different laws, etc.

Stephen - This is the formal for all PKI. You are correct it is not
trivial. If you want to make changes, we are open to receive them.
Not a lot of feedback yet. Can we make it in one page document, NO.
You need to ask people that already reviewed a CP before to check it.
Andrei - The problem is that the standard template takes you to area
you do not want to go.
Stephen - We can have sections that can be moved from the CP to the
CPS which can be regionalized.
Andrei - This is an IETF doc. What would be the status after
approved?
Stephen - After approval will be publicly available.
Randy - Check DNS, for DNSSEC is not PKI and do not need a CP. For
Andrei, the CP is for relying parties to tell them what we are
telling them they can rely on. Feels Sympathy on the concerns but as
a RP likes having CP.
Russ - One of the reason for having this document agreed by all the
parties is that all the material refers to a policy document, and
this is that document.
Danny - Can you explain your comment to RFC3779 and trust anchors?
Stephen - When validating prefixes and ASNs you need on the top a
self-signed cert, with RFC3779 extension, not any CA cert.


C) New Drafts section:

1) Presentation by John Mohapatra - Juniper:
draft-pmohapat-sidr-pfx-validate-00.txt

The idea is: given RPKI, what can the router really do?
A work in progress, several contributions received.
Need a mechanism to differentiate between invalid and legitimate
prefixes been announced.

Maintain in POP authenticated prefix and AS cache database. You can
also have a database inside the router.
The drat talks about the database structure.
BGP decision process changed to compare the lookup result before
LOCAL_PREF.
iBGP vs eBGP: No validation on iBGP sessions.
Can we do it in real time? looking to performance issues.
There may be an overlap with  the roa validation document: the draft
started from a different angle, what can we really do?, finished with
something that has similarities with the roa validation draft.
However there are differences: no "linked validation", #states for
validation outcomes, BGP Speaker validation dissociated from
Database, can work with any database (or data-source), ex RPLS.

Future Work: Work on the protocol bits for interaction in-PoP
database and in-Speaker database.Also, Talking with the roa
validation draft authors to check for possible merge.

Danny - Validation side: What about protecting against hijacking a
more specific?
John - Anything that can be expressed by a ROA can use this
mechanism.
Danny - What about ASN spoofing?
John - Yep that is a problem.
Danny - What about soft-reconfiguration, rate limit for the
connection to the database, that is something that needs to be deal
with. Should I store prefixes that I know are false? Need some
guidance in the doc about what to store and implications.
Randy - Have serious question about scaling issues. Want to hear
about what gears are going to be used. The size of the router that
you expects is critical.
John - This is a policy mechanism.
Ward - The protocol to the BGP Speaker and the PoP Database is it
part of the WG work?. I believe so.
Sandy - Need to check the charter or include it in the charter.

2) Presenation by Robert Kisteleki from RIPE NCC -
(draft-kisteleki-sidr-rpsl-sig-00.txt).

Use of RPKI signatures to sign RPSL object.
Not specific to one object type. Can have multiple signature and that
is helpful for route objects when you can sign by the prefix and the
ASN authoritative party.
Signature in RPSL "like" format to feed back the database.
Some canonization examples shown.
Signature formats: chose DKIM format.
Where to put the signature? "remarks: Signature is" or new attribute:
"signature", may be problem with some legacy software.
Example given.
Open questions:
Multiple signatures?
Unicode?
Sync with other people that are thinking on the same line.

Is there support in the Working Group?

Randy - I believe this is valid work however not the proper working
group. have too much work here.
Sandy - Which WG should be?
Randy - Not recommendation.
Haas - This looks like another WG.
Randy - We are having problem getting our work out.
Henk - Some time ago did some RPSL work and were by individual
submission.
Danny - Need Charter discuss.
Geoff (form jabber) - As co-chair I am in favor of picking up this
document.

Thanks for staying late.

Adjourned.
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Secure Inter-Domain Routing Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : Securing RPSL Objects with RPKI Signatures
	Author(s)       : R. Kisteleki, J. Boumans
	Filename        : draft-ietf-sidr-rpsl-sig-00.txt
	Pages           : 11
	Date            : 2008-12-18

This document describes a method to allow parties to electronically
sign RPSL-like objects and validate such electronic signatures.  This
allows relying parties to detect accidental or malicious
modifications on such objects.  It also allows parties who run
Internet Routing Registries or similar databases, but do not yet have
RPSS-like authentication of the maintainers of certain objects, to
verify that the additions or modifications of such database objects
are done by the legitimate holder(s) of the Internet resources
mentioned in those objects.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sidr-rpsl-sig-00.txt

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As I have seen no comments on Roque's minutes for IETF 73, I uploaded them 
without change.  The minutes and slides can be viewed at:

https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/73/materials.html

Final corrections to the minutes are due 7 Jan 2009, so I would appreciate 
any changes being communicated to the list by 5 Jan 2009.

--Sandy
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