
From david@mandelberg.org  Tue Dec  3 11:52:51 2013
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From: David Mandelberg <david@mandelberg.org>
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Subject: Re: [sidr] WG Adoption: draft-ymbk-lta-use-cases
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I support adoption. I think there are some parts of this doc that could 
use more work (and I'm happy to review). I also think that a use cases 
document would be helpful and this is a good starting point.

On 2013-11-26 20:39, Chris Morrow wrote:
> Howdy gentle WG folks,
> The authors of:
>   <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ymbk-lta-use-cases-00>
>
> are interested in starting a WG Adoption call for this piece of 
> scribed
> text. It would be good if other folk also agreed about the adoption.
>
> The abstract says:
>   "There are a number of critical circumstances where a localized
>    routing domain needs to augment or modify the Global RPKI.  This
>    document attempts to outline a few of them."
>
> Please consider this a 'WG Adoption' call, and let's attempt to close
> this out by:
>   12/9/2013 or 9/12/2013 or Ninth December Twenty-Thirteen or ... you
> get the point, see you in 2 weeks with (hopefully) clear direction 
> from
> the folks behind the emailz.
>
> -chris
> co-chair
> _______________________________________________
> sidr mailing list
> sidr@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr

-- 
David Eric Mandelberg / dseomn
http://david.mandelberg.org/

From carlosm3011@gmail.com  Wed Dec  4 16:25:35 2013
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Subject: Re: [sidr] WG Adoption: draft-ymbk-lta-use-cases
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+1, support adoption of the requirements document

On 11/26/13, 7:39 PM, Chris Morrow wrote:
> Howdy gentle WG folks,
> The authors of:
>   <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ymbk-lta-use-cases-00>
> 
> are interested in starting a WG Adoption call for this piece of scribed
> text. It would be good if other folk also agreed about the adoption.
> 
> The abstract says:
>   "There are a number of critical circumstances where a localized
>    routing domain needs to augment or modify the Global RPKI.  This
>    document attempts to outline a few of them."
> 
> Please consider this a 'WG Adoption' call, and let's attempt to close
> this out by:
>   12/9/2013 or 9/12/2013 or Ninth December Twenty-Thirteen or ... you
> get the point, see you in 2 weeks with (hopefully) clear direction from
> the folks behind the emailz.
> 
> -chris
> co-chair
> _______________________________________________
> sidr mailing list
> sidr@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr
> 

From carlosm3011@gmail.com  Wed Dec  4 16:32:45 2013
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Subject: Re: [sidr] wg adoption call for draft-austein-sidr-rpki-oob-setup-00
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+1 for adoption

cheers!

~Carlos

On 11/15/13, 11:12 AM, Murphy, Sandra wrote:
> The authors of draft-austein-sidr-rpki-oob-setup-00 have requested wg adoption.
> 
> See http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-austein-sidr-rpki-oob-setup-00 .
> 
> Please do respond to the list as to whether you support the wg adopting this as a work item.  You do not need to comment on the content of this draft at this time.  You are asked to indicate if you think that this is work that the wg should be doing and whether this draft is an acceptable starting point.  Adding whether you can/will review or not is useful.
> 
> Note that active support is required for adoption.  Silence is a vote against adoption.
> 
> This adoption call will end on Monday, Dec 2. 2013, (a bit more than the usual two weeks, since both chairs will likely be out of touch on Friday, Nov 29).
> 
> --Sandy, speaking as wg co-chair
> _______________________________________________
> sidr mailing list
> sidr@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr
> 

From prvs=50522304a9=sandra.murphy@parsons.com  Thu Dec  5 16:47:04 2013
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From: "Murphy, Sandra" <Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com>
To: "sidr@ietf.org" <sidr@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: wg adoption call for draft-austein-sidr-rpki-oob-setup-00
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Subject: Re: [sidr] wg adoption call for draft-austein-sidr-rpki-oob-setup-00
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The wg call for adoption has ended.  The response from the wg indicates con=
sensus for adoption of this as a working group work item.=0A=
=0A=
The authors should submit the draft with a wg formatted name (draft-ietf-si=
dr-yada-yada).=0A=
=0A=
--Sandy, speaking as a wg co-chair=0A=
=0A=
________________________________________=0A=
From: sidr-bounces@ietf.org [sidr-bounces@ietf.org] on behalf of Murphy, Sa=
ndra [Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com]=0A=
Sent: Friday, November 15, 2013 12:12 PM=0A=
To: sidr@ietf.org=0A=
Subject: [sidr] wg adoption call for draft-austein-sidr-rpki-oob-setup-00=
=0A=
=0A=
The authors of draft-austein-sidr-rpki-oob-setup-00 have requested wg adopt=
ion.=0A=
=0A=
See http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-austein-sidr-rpki-oob-setup-00 .=0A=
=0A=
Please do respond to the list as to whether you support the wg adopting thi=
s as a work item.  You do not need to comment on the content of this draft =
at this time.  You are asked to indicate if you think that this is work tha=
t the wg should be doing and whether this draft is an acceptable starting p=
oint.  Adding whether you can/will review or not is useful.=0A=
=0A=
Note that active support is required for adoption.  Silence is a vote again=
st adoption.=0A=
=0A=
This adoption call will end on Monday, Dec 2. 2013, (a bit more than the us=
ual two weeks, since both chairs will likely be out of touch on Friday, Nov=
 29).=0A=
=0A=
--Sandy, speaking as wg co-chair=0A=
_______________________________________________=0A=
sidr mailing list=0A=
sidr@ietf.org=0A=
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr=0A=

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From: "Murphy, Sandra" <Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com>
To: "sidr@ietf.org" <sidr@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: a query to the wg regarding publication draft
Thread-Index: AQHO3IXON5REMGrzckWEdHA42xLww5pGgOZH
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2013 00:52:36 +0000
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Subject: Re: [sidr] a query to the wg regarding publication draft
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There have been few replies to this message (thanks to Steve and Tim for th=
eir replies), perhaps because there's no deadline set to urge action.=0A=
=0A=
Please do respond to the list by 13 Dec with your thoughts on Rob's questio=
n.=0A=
=0A=
--Sandy, speaking as wg co-chair=0A=
=0A=
________________________________________=0A=
From: sidr-bounces@ietf.org [sidr-bounces@ietf.org] on behalf of Murphy, Sa=
ndra [Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com]=0A=
Sent: Friday, November 08, 2013 8:25 AM=0A=
To: sidr@ietf.org=0A=
Subject: [sidr] a query to the wg regarding publication draft=0A=
=0A=
Rob posed a question to the room during the meeting on Tue (Nov 5) about th=
e publication draft.  See slides at http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/88/slid=
es/slides-88-sidr-1.pdf.=0A=
=0A=
The question to the list is:=0A=
=0A=
Should the protocol be trimmed -- take out all of the =93control=94 operati=
ons, leaving just the <publish/> and <withdraw/> operations -- or should th=
e "control" operations be an optional sub-protocol?=0A=
=0A=
What say ye?=0A=
=0A=
--Sandy=0A=
_______________________________________________=0A=
sidr mailing list=0A=
sidr@ietf.org=0A=
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr=0A=

From kotikalapudi.sriram@nist.gov  Thu Dec  5 17:04:41 2013
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From: "Sriram, Kotikalapudi" <kotikalapudi.sriram@nist.gov>
To: Chris Morrow <morrowc@ops-netman.net>, "sidr-chairs@tools.ietf.org" <sidr-chairs@tools.ietf.org>, sidr wg list <sidr@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [sidr] WG Adoption: draft-ymbk-lta-use-cases
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Subject: Re: [sidr] WG Adoption: draft-ymbk-lta-use-cases
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Yes, support adoption.
I'm willing to review and provide feedback.

Sriram

>
>Howdy gentle WG folks,
>The authors of:
>  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ymbk-lta-use-cases-00>
>
>are interested in starting a WG Adoption call for this piece of scribed te=
xt. It
>would be good if other folk also agreed about the adoption.
>

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From: "Murphy, Sandra" <Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com>
To: "Roque Gagliano (rogaglia)" <rogaglia@cisco.com>, sidr wg list <sidr@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: a new direction for draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points
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Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2013 01:05:17 +0000
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Subject: [sidr] a new direction for draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points
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--_000_24B20D14B2CD29478C8D5D6E9CBB29F67876D946HSVMB001huntsvi_
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The authors made a suggestion (see below) for a new course of action for th=
e draft draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points, splitting the draft in=
to two work items.


And there have been nearly two months of mostly silence on the point.  (Tha=
nks to Steve and Arturo for their replies.).


If the working group does not reject the approach the authors suggest by 13=
 Dec 2013, the authors should proceed with submission of a new version of d=
raft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points that meets the first proposal:


- A "6490-bis" document that obsoletes RFC 6490 with the addition of multip=
le operators in section 3 of the current document.


and submission of an individual draft for consideration of the working grou=
p that meets the second proposal:


- A new BCP/Informational document on best practices when RPKI certificates=
 include multiple repository operators for the same materials.


--Sandy, speaking as wg co-chair

________________________________
From: sidr-bounces@ietf.org [sidr-bounces@ietf.org] on behalf of Roque Gagl=
iano (rogaglia) [rogaglia@cisco.com]
Sent: Monday, October 14, 2013 3:41 PM
To: sidr wg list
Subject: Re: [sidr] possible interim meeting for draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-p=
ublication-points

Dear Working Group:

The co-authors of the multi-publication points document would like to propo=
se a new course of action to the WG referring to this document.

Since its initial submission, the document addresses two problems related t=
o the support of multiple operators in RPKI:
i)- Multiple Operators support in TAL files  (Section 3 of current document=
)
ii)- Multiple Operators support in Certificates (Section 4 of current docum=
ent)

Today, we believe that the two problems are very different.  On one side po=
int i) could be quickly solved by the WG by updating or obsoleting RFC 6490=
 with the changes proposed in Section 3 of the document. We have shown in B=
erlin that changes to RPs should be very small and that "some" (and I say s=
o because in some cases it was accidental) backward compatibility exists wi=
th most popular RPs.

However the second point ii) while it does not require changes to existing =
standard document but rather a "BCP" document, it does require much more re=
search. While we go down to the RPKI hierarchy, we need to understand how m=
ultiple operators may create transient states and how RPs will typically re=
act to these. Some of the questions to answer were raised at the meeting an=
d recently in the WG mailing list.

Our proposal to the group is to split the current content in the document i=
n two documents:
- A "6490-bis" document that obsoletes RFC 6490 with the addition of multip=
le operators in section 3 of the current document.
- A new BCP/Informational document on best practices when RPKI certificates=
 include multiple repository operators for the same materials.

We look forward to hearing from you,
Regards,

Roque + Carlos + Terry


On Oct 2, 2013, at 9:58 AM, Roque Gagliano (rogaglia) <rogaglia@cisco.com<m=
ailto:rogaglia@cisco.com>> wrote:

Thanks Sharon for your email and analysis. These points are some of the poi=
nts raised during our last meeting.

I personally believe that the non-TAL work requires more research activity =
and I guess from your email that you have an interest in this area :-).

Regards,
Roque

Hi Roque,

As you work on this, I wanted share some observations made by my colleague =
here at BU, Ethan Heilman. He read the draft in detail and had a two sugges=
tions and one question, see below.

Sharon



Suggestion 1:



Section 4.1 of the draft says: =93If the connection to the preferred URI fa=
ils, the RP SHOULD fetch the repository objects from the next URI of prefer=
ence."



We suggest that the failover logic be extended to include validation failur=
es as well as connection failures (similar to the logic for TALs). That is,=
 when RPKI-validation generates a warning, an RP should fail over to anothe=
r publication point. These warnings could be generated by stale manifests, =
manifest errors (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6486<https://urldefense.proo=
fpoint.com/v1/url?u=3Dhttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6486&k=3DppNirDwWpcp60F=
64Pj2f9Q%3D%3D%0A&r=3D1r2Unu%2Fc6gYAwDNJlKNsbPY52jaSAOPXvi3DGzGJXQo%3D%0A&m=
=3Dk9moRHdBcKv1YVn%2B05d4Q%2F6SBxF5N2hhQ4CzsG%2BvGYI%3D%0A&s=3Df91c1c4f76c7=
ab2d139669df30dfad9fb53ecdf7bb5b6dc47a66534f07054718>), expired certs, miss=
ing ROAs, and other validation failures. We call this failover mode FO-Corr=
upt (Failover On Corruption) as opposed to the current failover mode FO-Con=
nect (Failover On Connection failure) in the draft.  Here=92s why we sugges=
t FO-Corrupt:



1)      Multiple publication points using the FO-Connect policy increase th=
e attack surface, while multiple publication points using the FO-Corrupt po=
licy decrease the attack surface.  With FO-Connect, corruption failures in =
a given publication point will directly affect RPs that select that publica=
tion point.  Meanwhile, under FO-Corrupt, a corruption failure must occur o=
n all publication points before it affects RPs; each additional publication=
 point adds an additional barrier to an attacker that seeks to corrupt obje=
cts. This also allows operators to raise the cost of an attack by adding pu=
blication points using diverse software and operating systems.  Importantly=
, missing or corrupted RPKI objects can cause routes to become classified a=
s invalid, and therefore be less preferred -- I provide examples of this ha=
ppening in the attached PDF =96 so if some of the publication points contai=
n uncorrupted objects, it=92s important to ensure that RP=92s fetch them.



2)      The differences in behavior between TAL failover and RPKI object fa=
ilover could cause confusion.    FO-Corrupt would provide a more consistent=
 policy.   Compare the quote from Section 4.1 above with the following from=
 Section 3.2:          =93If the connection to the preferred URI fails or t=
he fetched certificate public key does not match the TAL public key, the RP=
 SHOULD fetch the TA certificate from the next URI of preference.=94

Suggestion 2:



Section 3.2 and 4.1 of the draft suggest three rules to select the URI of t=
he publication point:
(1). Provided order, "the order provided in the correspondent certificate" =
---- my reading is that  this would be consistent across all RPs.
(2). Random order (selecting randomly from the available list)
(3). RP prioritized order, "a prioritized list of URIs based on RP specific=
 parameters such as connection establishment delay", this may or may not be=
 consistent across some subset of RPs.



We see the value of giving RP=92s the flexibility to choosing publications =
points based on their own concerns (delay, jurisdiction, etc.).  But rule (=
3) seems problematic because it could be exploited by attackers to predict =
the order which an RP would fail over from one publication point to the nex=
t. For example:
i.                    An attacker could target the first publication point =
of the list to distribute bad or missing objects, causing all RPs to get ba=
d information.
ii.                  An attacker who happened to compromise a publication p=
oint that was not the first element of the list, could e.g. DOS publication=
 points at the top of the list to ensure that RPs would use the attacker=92=
s publication point.
iii.                An attacker which could predict the fail over order cou=
ld perform a rolling DOS attack attacking the first element, then the secon=
d and so on.



Question:

Finally, there has been lots of work on fault-tolerant distributed database=
 systems that allow RPs to resolve inconsistencies between replicas of a da=
tabase.  We=92re not experts on these systems, but given that RPs will down=
load RPKI data relatively infrequently, is this something that could be con=
sidered here?
<examples.pdf>

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--_000_24B20D14B2CD29478C8D5D6E9CBB29F67876D946HSVMB001huntsvi_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html dir=3D"ltr">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3DWindows-1=
252">
<style type=3D"text/css" id=3D"owaParaStyle"></style>
</head>
<body style=3D"word-wrap:break-word" fpstyle=3D"1" ocsi=3D"0">
<div style=3D"direction: ltr;font-family: Arial;color: #000000;font-size: 1=
0pt;">
<div>The authors made a suggestion (see below) for a new course of action f=
or the draft draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points, splitting the dra=
ft into two work items.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>And there have been nearly two months of mostly silence on the point. =
&nbsp;(Thanks to Steve and Arturo for their replies.).</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>If the working group does not reject the approach the authors suggest =
by 13 Dec 2013, the authors should proceed with submission of a new version=
 of draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points that meets the first propos=
al:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>- A &quot;6490-bis&quot; document that obsoletes RFC 6490 with the add=
ition of multiple operators in section 3 of the current document.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>and submission of an individual draft for consideration of the working=
 group that meets the second proposal:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>- A new BCP/Informational document on best practices when RPKI certifi=
cates include multiple repository operators for the same materials.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>--Sandy, speaking as wg co-chair</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div style=3D"font-family: Times New Roman; color: #000000; font-size: 16px=
">
<hr tabindex=3D"-1">
<div id=3D"divRpF703011" style=3D"direction: ltr; "><font face=3D"Tahoma" s=
ize=3D"2" color=3D"#000000"><b>From:</b> sidr-bounces@ietf.org [sidr-bounce=
s@ietf.org] on behalf of Roque Gagliano (rogaglia) [rogaglia@cisco.com]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 14, 2013 3:41 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> sidr wg list<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [sidr] possible interim meeting for draft-ietf-sidr-mul=
tiple-publication-points<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>
<div dir=3D"auto">
<div>Dear Working Group:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The co-authors of the multi-publication points document would like to =
propose a new course of action to the WG referring to this document.&nbsp;<=
/div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Since its initial submission, the document addresses two problems rela=
ted to the support of multiple operators in RPKI:&nbsp;</div>
<div><span class=3D"Apple-tab-span" style=3D"white-space:pre"></span>i)-&nb=
sp;Multiple Operators support in TAL files&nbsp;&nbsp;(Section 3 of current=
 document)</div>
<div><span class=3D"Apple-tab-span" style=3D"white-space:pre"></span>ii)-&n=
bsp;Multiple Operators support in Certificates (Section 4 of current docume=
nt)</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Today, we believe that the two problems are very different. &nbsp;On o=
ne side point i) could be quickly solved by the WG by updating or obsoletin=
g RFC 6490 with the changes proposed in Section 3 of the document. We have =
shown in Berlin that changes to RPs should
 be very small and that &quot;some&quot; (and I say so because in some case=
s it was accidental) backward compatibility exists with most popular RPs.</=
div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>However the second point ii) while it does not require changes to exis=
ting standard document but rather a &quot;BCP&quot; document, it does requi=
re much more research. While we go down to the RPKI hierarchy, we need to u=
nderstand how multiple operators may create
 transient states and how RPs will typically react to these. Some of the qu=
estions to answer were raised at the meeting and recently in the WG mailing=
 list.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Our proposal to the group is to split the current content in the docum=
ent in two documents: &nbsp;</div>
<div><span class=3D"Apple-tab-span" style=3D"white-space:pre"></span>-&nbsp=
;A&nbsp;&quot;6490-bis&quot; document that obsoletes RFC 6490 with the addi=
tion of multiple operators in section 3 of the current document.</div>
<div><span class=3D"Apple-tab-span" style=3D"white-space:pre"></span>- A ne=
w BCP/Informational document on best practices when RPKI certificates inclu=
de multiple repository operators for the same materials.</div>
<div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>We look forward to hearing from you,</div>
<div>Regards,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Roque &#43; Carlos &#43; Terry</div>
</div>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<br>
<div>
<div>On Oct 2, 2013, at 9:58 AM, Roque Gagliano (rogaglia) &lt;<a href=3D"m=
ailto:rogaglia@cisco.com" target=3D"_blank">rogaglia@cisco.com</a>&gt; wrot=
e:</div>
<br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type=3D"cite">
<div style=3D"word-wrap:break-word">Thanks Sharon for your email and analys=
is.&nbsp;These points are some of the points raised during our last meeting=
.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I personally believe that the non-TAL work requires more research acti=
vity and I guess from your email that you have an interest in this area :-)=
.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Regards,</div>
<div>Roque<br>
<div>
<div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type=3D"cite">
<div dir=3D"ltr"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>Hi Roque,=
<br>
<br>
As you work on this, I wanted share some observations made by my colleague =
here at BU, Ethan Heilman. He read the draft in detail and had a two sugges=
tions and one question, see below.<br>
<br>
Sharon<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"> </font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Suggestion 1:
</font></font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><font><font face=3D"C=
alibri"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt">Section 4.1 of the draft says: =93</=
span><span style=3D"font-size:12pt">If the connection to the preferred URI =
fails, the RP SHOULD fetch the repository
 objects from the next URI of preference.&quot; </span></font></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">We suggest that the failover logic be exte=
nded to include
<b>validation</b> failures as well as <b>connection</b> failures (similar t=
o the logic for TALs). That is, when RPKI-validation generates a warning, a=
n RP should fail over to another publication point. These warnings could be=
 generated by&nbsp;stale manifests, manifest
 errors (</font><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v1/url?u=3Dhtt=
p://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6486&amp;k=3DppNirDwWpcp60F64Pj2f9Q%3D%3D%0A&amp=
;r=3D1r2Unu%2Fc6gYAwDNJlKNsbPY52jaSAOPXvi3DGzGJXQo%3D%0A&amp;m=3Dk9moRHdBcK=
v1YVn%2B05d4Q%2F6SBxF5N2hhQ4CzsG%2BvGYI%3D%0A&amp;s=3Df91c1c4f76c7ab2d13966=
9df30dfad9fb53ecdf7bb5b6dc47a66534f07054718" target=3D"_blank"><span style=
=3D"color:blue"><font face=3D"Calibri">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6486</=
font></span></a><font><font face=3D"Calibri">),
 expired certs, missing ROAs, and other validation failures. We call this f=
ailover mode FO-Corrupt (Failover On Corruption) as opposed to the current =
failover mode FO-Connect (Failover On Connection failure) in the draft.
<span>&nbsp;</span>Here=92s why we suggest FO-Corrupt:</font></font></span>=
</div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; line-height:normal"><font><b><span=
 style=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">1)</font><span style=
=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;
</span></span></span></b><span style=3D"font-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calib=
ri">Multiple publication points using the FO-Connect policy increase the at=
tack surface, while multiple publication points using the FO-Corrupt policy=
 decrease the attack surface.
<span>&nbsp;</span>With FO-Connect, corruption failures in a given publicat=
ion point will directly affect RPs that select that publication point.<span=
>&nbsp;
</span>Meanwhile, under FO-Corrupt, a corruption failure must occur on <b>a=
ll </b>
publication points before it affects RPs; each additional publication point=
 adds an additional barrier to an attacker that seeks to corrupt objects. T=
his also allows operators to raise the cost of an attack by adding publicat=
ion points using diverse software
 and operating systems.<span>&nbsp; </span>Importantly, missing or corrupte=
d RPKI objects can cause routes to become classified as invalid, and theref=
ore be less preferred -- I provide examples of this happening in the attach=
ed PDF =96 so if some of the publication
 points contain uncorrupted objects, it=92s important to ensure that RP=92s=
 fetch them.</font></span></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; line-height:normal"><font><b><span=
 style=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">2)</font><span style=
=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;
</span></span></span></b><font face=3D"Calibri"><span style=3D"font-size:12=
pt">The differences in behavior between TAL failover and RPKI object failov=
er could cause confusion.<span>&nbsp;
</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>FO-Corrupt would provide a more consistent =
policy.<span>&nbsp; </span>
<span>&nbsp;</span>Compare the quote from Section 4.1 above with the f</spa=
n><span style=3D"font-size:12pt">ollowing from Section 3.2:
<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>=93</span><sp=
an style=3D"font-size:12pt">If the connection to the preferred URI fails or=
 the fetched&nbsp;certificate public key does not match the TAL public key,=
 the RP&nbsp;SHOULD fetch the TA certificate from the next URI of preferenc=
e.=94
</span></font></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Suggestion 2:
</font></font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Section 3.2 and 4.1 of the draft sug=
gest three rules to select the URI of the publication point:<br>
(1).&nbsp;Provided order, &quot;the order provided in the correspondent cer=
tificate&quot; ---- my reading is that
<span>&nbsp;</span>this would be consistent across all RPs.</font></font></=
span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">(2). Random order (selecting randoml=
y from the available list)</font></font></span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">(3).&nbsp;RP prioritized order,&nbsp=
;&quot;a prioritized list of URIs based on RP specific&nbsp;parameters such=
 as connection establishment delay&quot;, this may or may not be&nbsp;consi=
stent&nbsp;across
 some subset of RPs.&nbsp;</font></font></span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">We see the value of giving RP=92s th=
e flexibility to choosing publications points based on their own concerns (=
delay, jurisdiction, etc.).<span>&nbsp;
</span>But rule (3) seems problematic because it could<span style=3D""> be =
exploited by attackers to predict the order which an RP would fail over fro=
m one publication point to the next. For example:
</span></font></font></span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; line-height:normal"><font><b><span =
style=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">i.</font><span style=
=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span></b><font face=3D"Calibri"><span style=3D"font-size:12=
pt">An attacker could target the first publication point of the list&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D"font-size:12pt">to&nbsp;distribute bad or missing obje=
cts, causing all RPs to get bad information.</span></font></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; line-height:normal"><font><b><span =
style=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">ii.</font><span style=
=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;
</span></span></span></b><span style=3D"font-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calib=
ri">An attacker who happened to compromise a publication point that was not=
 the first element of the list, could e.g. DOS publication points at the to=
p of the list to ensure that RPs would
 use the attacker=92s publication point. &nbsp;</font></span></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; line-height:normal"><font><b><span =
style=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">iii.</font><span styl=
e=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span></b><span style=3D"font-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calib=
ri">An attacker which could predict the fail over order could perform a rol=
ling DOS attack attacking the first element, then the second and so on.
</font></span></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Question:<span>&nbsp;
</span></font></font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Finally, there has been lots of work=
 on fault-tolerant distributed database systems that allow RPs to resolve i=
nconsistencies between replicas of a database.<span>&nbsp;
</span>We=92re not experts on these systems, but given that RPs will downlo=
ad RPKI data relatively infrequently, is this something that could be consi=
dered here?
</font></font></span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font></div>
<span>&lt;examples.pdf&gt;</span></blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br>
sidr mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:sidr@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">sidr@ietf.org</a><br>
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr<br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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--_000_24B20D14B2CD29478C8D5D6E9CBB29F67876D946HSVMB001huntsvi_--

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Subject: [sidr] I-D Action: draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threats-09.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Secure Inter-Domain Routing Working Group=
 of the IETF.

	Title           : Threat Model for BGP Path Security
	Author(s)       : Stephen Kent
                          Andrew Chi
	Filename        : draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threats-09.txt
	Pages           : 20
	Date            : 2013-12-10

Abstract:
   This document describes a threat model for the context in which
   Exterior Border Gateway Protocol (EBGP) path security mechanisms will
   be developed.  The threat model includes an analysis of the Resource
   Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI), and focuses on the ability of an
   autonomous system (AS) to verify the authenticity of the AS path info
   received in a BGP update.  We use the term PATHSEC to refer to any
   BGP path security technology that makes use of the RPKI.  PATHSEC
   will secure BGP, consistent with the inter-AS security focus of the
   RPKI.

   The document characterizes classes of potential adversaries that are
   considered to be threats, and examines classes of attacks that might
   be launched against PATHSEC.  It does not revisit attacks against
   unprotected BGP, as that topic has already been addressed in the
   BGP-4 standard.  It concludes with brief discussion of residual
   vulnerabilities.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threats

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threats-09

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threats-09


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
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From achi@cs.unc.edu  Tue Dec 10 15:33:32 2013
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Subject: [sidr] Fwd: New Version Notification - draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threats-09.txt
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This revision addresses Stephen Farrell's comments (thanks).

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: <internet-drafts@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, Dec 10, 2013 at 6:26 PM
Subject: New Version Notification - draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threats-09.txt


A new version (-09) has been submitted for draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threats:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threats-09.txt


The IETF datatracker page for this Internet-Draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threats/

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IETF Secretariat.

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<div dir=3D"ltr">This revision addresses Stephen Farrell&#39;s comments (th=
anks).<br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message -----=
-----<br>From: <b class=3D"gmail_sendername"></b> <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org">internet-drafts@ietf.org</a>&gt;</=
span><br>
Date: Tue, Dec 10, 2013 at 6:26 PM<br>Subject: New Version Notification - d=
raft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threats-09.txt<br><br><br>
A new version (-09) has been submitted for draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threats:<=
br>
<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threa=
ts-09.txt" target=3D"_blank">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf=
-sidr-bgpsec-threats-09.txt</a><br>
<br>
<br>
The IETF datatracker page for this Internet-Draft is:<br>
<a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threats/=
" target=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec=
-threats/</a><br>
<br>
Diff from previous version:<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-threat=
s-09" target=3D"_blank">http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-sidr-=
bgpsec-threats-09</a><br>
<br>
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n<br>
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<br>
IETF Secretariat.<br>
<br>
</div><br></div>

--047d7b3439b8dbaa8a04ed368921--

From internet-drafts@ietf.org  Wed Dec 11 09:03:56 2013
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Subject: [sidr] I-D Action: draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-oob-setup-00.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Secure Inter-Domain Routing Working Group=
 of the IETF.

	Title           : An Out-Of-Band Setup Protocol For RPKI Production Servic=
es
	Author(s)       : Rob Austein
	Filename        : draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-oob-setup-00.txt
	Pages           : 19
	Date            : 2013-12-11

Abstract:
   This note describes a simple out-of-band protocol to ease setup of
   the RPKI provisioning and publication protocols between two parties.
   The protocol is encoded in a small number of XML messages, which can
   be passed back and forth by any mutually agreeable secure means.

   This setup protocol is not part of the provisioning or publication
   protocol, rather, it is intended to simplify configuration of these
   protocols by setting up relationships and exchanging BPKI keying
   material.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-oob-setup

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-oob-setup-00


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From sra@hactrn.net  Wed Dec 11 09:13:40 2013
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Resubmission as WG draft, no substantive changes from
draft-austein-sidr-rpki-oob-setup-00.

From internet-drafts@ietf.org  Thu Dec 12 08:23:12 2013
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Subject: [sidr] I-D Action: draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-rtr-impl-05.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Secure Inter-Domain Routing Working Group=
 of the IETF.

	Title           : RPKI Router Implementation Report
	Author(s)       : Randy Bush
                          Rob Austein
                          Keyur Patel
                          Hannes Gredler
                          Matthias Waehlisch
	Filename        : draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-rtr-impl-05.txt
	Pages           : 11
	Date            : 2013-12-12

Abstract:
   This document is an implementation report for the RPKI Router
   protocol as defined in [RFC6810].  The editor did not verify the
   accuracy of the information provided by respondents.  The respondents
   are experts with the implementations they reported on, and their
   responses are considered authoritative for the implementations for
   which their responses represent.  Respondents were asked to only use
   the YES answer if the feature had at least been tested in the lab.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-rtr-impl

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-rtr-impl-05

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-sidr-rpki-rtr-impl-05


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

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From sra@hactrn.net  Thu Dec 12 10:21:01 2013
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Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2013 13:20:52 -0500
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Subject: Re: [sidr] I-D Action: draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-rtr-impl-05.txt
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This I-D passed the IESG last week, with a few minor clarifications
requested; this revision attempts to address those.  For details, see:

  https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sidr-rpki-rtr-impl

From internet-drafts@ietf.org  Mon Dec 16 07:20:06 2013
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Secure Inter-Domain Routing Working Group=
 of the IETF.

	Title           : An Overview of BGPSEC
	Author(s)       : Matt Lepinski
                          Sean Turner
	Filename        : draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-overview-04.txt
	Pages           : 10
	Date            : 2013-12-16

Abstract:
   This document provides an overview of a security extension to the
   Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) referred to as BGPSEC.  BGPSEC improves
   security for BGP routing.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-overview

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-overview-04

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-sidr-bgpsec-overview-04


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

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ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


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Subject: [sidr] The Wireless Network Infrastructure Bible: 2014 - 2020
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<HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dwindows-1252" http-equiv=3DContent-Ty=
pe>
<META name=3DGENERATOR content=3D"MSHTML 11.00.9600.16476"></HEAD>
<BODY><FONT size=3D2 face=3D"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<TABLE style=3D"WIDTH: 887px; WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-=
TRANSFORM: none; COLOR: rgb(34,34,34); FONT: small arial; LETTER-SPACING: n=
ormal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" cellSpacing=3D0 ce=
llPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" bgColor=3Dwhite border=3D0>
<TR>
<TD style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: arial, sans-serif; WIDTH: 887px; PADDING-BOTTOM: =
0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm" =
width=3D"100%"><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-se=
rif>
<H1 style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px !important">The Wireless=
 Network Infrastructure Bible: 2014 =96 2020 - Macrocell RAN, Small Cells, =
RRH, DAS, Cloud RAN, Carrier WiFi, Mobile Core &amp; Backhaul<BR></H1></FON=
T></TD>
<TD style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: arial, sans-serif; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-T=
OP: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm" noWrap><FONT f=
ace=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
<DIV style=3D"WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none;=
 COLOR: rgb(34,34,34); TEXT-ALIGN: center; FONT: small arial; LETTER-SPACIN=
G: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-te=
xt-stroke-width: 0px" align=3Dcenter><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DVerdana,A=
rial,Helvetica,sans-serif>
<HR align=3Dcenter SIZE=3D1 width=3D"100%">
</FONT></DIV>
<P style=3D"WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; C=
OLOR: rgb(34,34,34); FONT: small arial; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-=
COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">=
<FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif></FONT></P>
<DIV style=3D"WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none;=
 COLOR: rgb(34,34,34); FONT: small arial; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUN=
D-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px=
"><SPAN style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 15px"><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DVerdana,Ar=
ial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Hello,&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<P style=3D"WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; C=
OLOR: rgb(34,34,34); FONT: small arial; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-=
COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">=
<SPAN style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 15px"><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DVerdana,Aria=
l,Helvetica,sans-serif>Hope you are doing well.&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<DIV style=3D"WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none;=
 COLOR: rgb(34,34,34); FONT: small arial; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUN=
D-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px=
"><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>I w=
anted to bring to your attention the latest SNS Telecom report in which you=
 might be interested, "&nbsp;<SPAN style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center">The Wireles=
s Network Infrastructure Bible: 2014 =96 2020 - Macrocell RAN, Small Cells,=
 RRH, DAS, Cloud RAN, Carrier WiFi, Mobile Core &amp; Backhaul."</SPAN></FO=
NT></FONT></DIV>
<P style=3D"WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; C=
OLOR: rgb(34,34,34); FONT: small arial; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-=
COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">=
<FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif><SPAN style=
=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 15px"></SPAN></FONT></P>
<DIV style=3D"WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none;=
 COLOR: rgb(34,34,34); FONT: small arial; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUN=
D-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px=
"><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>I believe=
 this report will be highly applicable for you. If you would like to see th=
e report sample or have any questions, please let me know. &nbsp;</FONT></D=
IV>
<P style=3D"WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; C=
OLOR: rgb(34,34,34); FONT: small arial; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-=
COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">=
<FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif><U><B>Repor=
t Information:</B></U></FONT></P>
<DIV style=3D"WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none;=
 COLOR: rgb(34,34,34); FONT: small arial; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUN=
D-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px=
"><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Release D=
ate: December 2013</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none;=
 COLOR: rgb(34,34,34); FONT: small arial; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUN=
D-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px=
">
<TABLE style=3D"WIDTH: 693px; MARGIN: 0px" cellSpacing=3D0>
<TR>
<TD style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: arial, sans-serif; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; MARGIN: 0=
px">
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-se=
rif>Number of Pages: 391</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-se=
rif>Number of Tables and Figures: 450</FONT></DIV></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<P style=3D"WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; C=
OLOR: rgb(34,34,34); FONT: small arial; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-=
COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">=
<FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif><U><B>Repor=
t Overview:</B></U></FONT></P>
<DIV style=3D"WHITE-SPACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none;=
 COLOR: rgb(34,34,34); FONT: small arial; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUN=
D-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px=
"><FONT color=3D#000000>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>The term =93Wireless N=
etwork Infrastructure=94 has conventionally been associated with macrocell =
Radio Access Network (RAN) and mobile core network infrastructure, which SN=
S Research estimates to account for nearly $52 Billion in spending by the e=
nd of 2014.&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>However, the scope of =
the term is expanding as wireless carriers increase their investments in He=
terogeneous Network or HetNet infrastructure encompassing &nbsp;WiFi, small=
 cells, Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS), Remote Radio Heads (RRH) and the=
 emerging Cloud RAN concept. Driven by the promise of added capacity and co=
verage with minimum investment in additional spectrum, HetNet infrastructur=
e is expected to account for nearly $17 Billion in spending by the end of 2=
014.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>While macrocell RAN sp=
ending is forecast to decline at a CAGR of 3% over the next 6 years, SNS Re=
search estimates that the overall wireless network infrastructure market en=
compassing macrocell RAN, HetNet, mobile core and backhaul infrastructure w=
ill witness tremendous growth over the coming years. Growing at a CAGR of o=
ver 5%, the market will account for over $104 Billion in annual spending by=
 the end of 2020.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Complimenting this gro=
wth would be over $1 Billion worth of annual R&amp;D investments on 5G mobi=
le technology by wireless carriers, vendors and vertical market players ali=
ke, in a bid to further enhance the capacity, speed and performance of futu=
re mobile networks.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>The =93Wireless Networ=
k Infrastructure Bible: 2014 =96 2020 - Macrocell RAN, Small Cells, RRH, DA=
S, Cloud RAN, Carrier WiFi, Mobile Core &amp; Backhaul=94 report presents a=
n in-depth assessment of 9 individual submarkets of the wireless network in=
frastructure opportunity. Besides analyzing the key market drivers, challen=
ges, operator revenue potential, regional CapEx commitments, expert intervi=
ews and vendor strategies, the report also presents revenue and unit shipme=
nt forecasts for the market from 2014 to 2020 at a regional as well as a gl=
obal scale. Historical figures are also provided for 2010, 2011 and 2013.</=
FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>The report comes with =
an associated Excel datasheet suite covering quantitative data from over 40=
0 numeric forecasts presented in the report.</FONT></DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt"><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans=
-serif><U></U><U></U></FONT>&nbsp;</P></FONT></DIV><FONT style=3D"WHITE-SPA=
CE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FONT: small Calibri, s=
ans-serif; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT=
-INDENT: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" color=3D#000000><SPAN lang=3D=
"">
<DIV><B><U><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Key Findings:</F=
ONT></U></B></DIV>
<DIV><B><U><BR><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif></FONT></U><=
/B></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>The report has the fol=
lowing key findings:<BR></FONT>
<UL>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Between 2014 and 2020, the 2G, 3G &amp; 4G wireless network infr=
astructure market is expected to grow at a CAGR of nearly 5%</FONT></SPAN><=
/LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Vendors are increasing their focus on profit margins. Many are a=
lready cutting staff, embracing operational excellence, evolving their new =
business models, acquiring niche businesses and expanding their managed ser=
vices offerings</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>New CapEx commitment avenues such as HetNet infrastructure and v=
irtualization will usher industry restructuring. The wireless network infra=
structure market will consolidate so as to eliminate one of the current glo=
bal players by 2020</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>As wireless carriers look to offload traffic from their overburd=
ened macrocell infrastructure, HetNet infrastructure will represent a marke=
t worth $43 Billion in 2020</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Operators will ramp up on backhaul, aggregation, transport, rout=
ing based on IP and Ethernet technologies for offering mobile broadband ser=
vices</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Developing market growth will be a significant factor during the=
 forecast period, with China and India seeing some of the highest levels of=
 growth, both in terms of shipments and in the size of their installed base=
. After 2014, developing countries and their requirements will begin to sha=
pe future infrastructure technologies and architectures</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Due to the investments in a single RAN technology, future LTE in=
vestments will cost much less than early investments of the technology</FON=
T></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Supplemented with a drive towards virtualization, a limited amou=
nt of hardware installation will be needed when wireless carriers upgrade t=
o LTE in the future</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>From 2016 onwards wireless carriers and vendors will spend at le=
ast $1 Billion per annum in R&amp;D spending to drive standardization and c=
ommercialization of 5G technology</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Voice over LTE (VoLTE) subscriptions will surpass 700 Million by=
 2020</FONT></SPAN></LI></UL></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><B><U><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Topics Covered:<=
/FONT></U></B></DIV>
<DIV><B><U><BR><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif></FONT></U><=
/B></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>The report covers the =
following topics:<BR></FONT>
<UL>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Up-to-date coverage of market dynamics allowing wireless network=
 infrastructure vendors to analyze the opportunities and challenges of sell=
ing to wireless carriers in different regional markets</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Analysis of demand and supply of wireless infrastructure and the=
 strategies of the key vendors. Research includes quantitative and qualitat=
ive market assessments as well as the forecasts of market trends, technolog=
y requirements and deployment strategies</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Market analysis and forecasts for 9 individual submarkets and th=
eir subcategories: macrocell Radio Access Network (RAN), mobile core, macro=
cell backhaul, Remote Radio Heads (RRH), Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS),=
 small cell RAN, cloud RAN, small cell backhaul and carrier WiFi</FONT></SP=
AN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Exclusive interview transcripts from 2 of the largest wireless n=
etwork infrastructure vendors; Ericsson and NSN</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Mobile network CapEx commitments per region&nbsp;<BR></FONT></SP=
AN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Mobile network subscriptions, traffic projections and service re=
venue by technology and region</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>An assessment of 5G technology, initiatives and R&amp;D commitme=
nts</FONT></SPAN></LI></UL></DIV></SPAN><BR>
<DIV><B><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Historical Revenue =
&amp; Forecast Segmentation:</FONT></B></DIV>
<DIV><B><BR><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif></FONT></B></DI=
V><SPAN>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>Market forecasts and h=
istorical revenue/unit shipment figures are provided for each of the follow=
ing submarkets and their subcategories:&nbsp;<BR></FONT>
<UL>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Submarkets<BR></FONT></SPAN>
<UL>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Macrocell RAN</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Small Cell RAN</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Remote Radio Heads (RRH)</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Cloud RAN</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Carrier WiFi</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Mobile Core</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Macrocell Backhaul</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Small Cell Backhaul<BR></FONT></SPAN></LI></UL></LI></UL><FONT f=
ace=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif><SPAN>The following regional and t=
echnology markets are also covered:</SPAN><BR></FONT></DIV></SPAN>
<UL><SPAN>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Regional Markets<BR></FONT></SPAN>
<UL>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Asia Pacific</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Eastern Europe</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Latin &amp; Central America</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Middle East &amp; Africa</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>North America</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Western Europe<BR></FONT></SPAN></LI></UL></LI></SPAN></UL>
<UL><SPAN>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Technology Markets<BR></FONT></SPAN>
<UL>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>GSM</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>CDMA/CDMA2000/EV-DO</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>W-CDMA/HSPA</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>LTE FDD</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>TD-LTE</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>WiMAX</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>WiFi</FONT></SPAN></LI></UL></LI></SPAN></UL></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif><B><U>Key Questions An=
swered:</U></B><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><B><U><BR><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif></FONT></U><=
/B></DIV><SPAN>
<DIV><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif>The report provides an=
swers to the following key questions:<BR></FONT>
<UL><SPAN>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>What are the key market drivers and challenges for SDN, NFV and =
the wider network virtualization ecosystem=3F</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>How is the 2G, 3G &amp; 4G wireless infrastructure market evolvi=
ng by segment and region=3F What will the market size be in 2020 and at wha=
t rate will it grow=3F</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>What trends, challenges and barriers are influencing its growth=
=3F</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>How will the market shape for small cell infrastructure and othe=
r HetNet deployments such as DAS and cloud RAN=3F</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>How will WiFi fit into future mobile network architectures for a=
ccess and offload=3F</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Who are the key vendors in the market, what is their market shar=
e and what are their strategies=3F</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>What strategies should be adopted by wireless carriers and infra=
structure vendors to remain a dominant market force=3F</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Which 2G, 3G &amp; 4G technology constitutes the highest amount =
of spending and how will this evolve overtime=3F</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>How will LTE deployments proceed, and how long will GSM, HSPA an=
d CDMA technologies co-exist with LTE=3F</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>When will WiMAX infrastructure spending diminish=3F</FONT></SPAN=
></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>What is the global and regional outlook for each individual sub-=
market including macrocell RAN, small cells, RRH, DAS, cloud RAN, carrier W=
iFi, mobile core, macrocell backhaul and small cell backhaul=3F</FONT></SPA=
N></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>What is the opportunity for the mobile backhaul market, and what=
 new backhaul solutions are evolving=3F</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>Do emerging virtualization technologies such as Network Function=
s Virtualization (NFV) pose a threat to traditional wireless infrastructure=
 vendors=3F</FONT></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>How much will vendors and operators invest in 5G R&amp;D=3F</FON=
T></SPAN></LI>
<LI style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 15px"><SPAN><FONT face=3DVerdana,Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif>How low is the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of a HetNet deploym=
ent in comparison to a homogeneous macrocell only RAN network=3F</FONT></SP=
AN></LI></SPAN></UL></DIV></SPAN></DIV></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style=3D"WHITE-S=
PACE: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; FLOAT: none; COLOR: =
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From: "Murphy, Sandra" <Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com>
To: "sidr@ietf.org" <sidr@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: a query to the wg regarding publication draft
Thread-Index: AQHO3IXON5REMGrzckWEdHA42xLww5pGgOZHgBJBJ+w=
Date: Tue, 17 Dec 2013 15:35:56 +0000
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Subject: Re: [sidr] a query to the wg regarding publication draft
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No replies, so the author(s) should take the action they think best.=0A=
=0A=
--Sandy, speaking as co-chair=0A=
________________________________________=0A=
From: sidr [sidr-bounces@ietf.org] on behalf of Murphy, Sandra [Sandra.Murp=
hy@parsons.com]=0A=
Sent: Thursday, December 05, 2013 7:52 PM=0A=
To: sidr@ietf.org=0A=
Subject: Re: [sidr] a query to the wg regarding publication draft=0A=
=0A=
There have been few replies to this message (thanks to Steve and Tim for th=
eir replies), perhaps because there's no deadline set to urge action.=0A=
=0A=
Please do respond to the list by 13 Dec with your thoughts on Rob's questio=
n.=0A=
=0A=
--Sandy, speaking as wg co-chair=0A=
=0A=
________________________________________=0A=
From: sidr-bounces@ietf.org [sidr-bounces@ietf.org] on behalf of Murphy, Sa=
ndra [Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com]=0A=
Sent: Friday, November 08, 2013 8:25 AM=0A=
To: sidr@ietf.org=0A=
Subject: [sidr] a query to the wg regarding publication draft=0A=
=0A=
Rob posed a question to the room during the meeting on Tue (Nov 5) about th=
e publication draft.  See slides at http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/88/slid=
es/slides-88-sidr-1.pdf.=0A=
=0A=
The question to the list is:=0A=
=0A=
Should the protocol be trimmed -- take out all of the =93control=94 operati=
ons, leaving just the <publish/> and <withdraw/> operations -- or should th=
e "control" operations be an optional sub-protocol?=0A=
=0A=
What say ye?=0A=
=0A=
--Sandy=0A=
_______________________________________________=0A=
sidr mailing list=0A=
sidr@ietf.org=0A=
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr=0A=
_______________________________________________=0A=
sidr mailing list=0A=
sidr@ietf.org=0A=
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr=0A=

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From: "Murphy, Sandra" <Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com>
To: "Roque Gagliano (rogaglia)" <rogaglia@cisco.com>, sidr wg list <sidr@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [sidr] a new direction for draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points
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Subject: Re: [sidr] a new direction for	draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points
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No replies, so the authors should proceed as suggested.

--Sandy, speaking as co-chair
________________________________
From: sidr [sidr-bounces@ietf.org] on behalf of Murphy, Sandra [Sandra.Murp=
hy@parsons.com]
Sent: Thursday, December 05, 2013 8:05 PM
To: Roque Gagliano (rogaglia); sidr wg list
Subject: [sidr] a new direction for draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-po=
ints

The authors made a suggestion (see below) for a new course of action for th=
e draft draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points, splitting the draft in=
to two work items.


And there have been nearly two months of mostly silence on the point.  (Tha=
nks to Steve and Arturo for their replies.).


If the working group does not reject the approach the authors suggest by 13=
 Dec 2013, the authors should proceed with submission of a new version of d=
raft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points that meets the first proposal:


- A "6490-bis" document that obsoletes RFC 6490 with the addition of multip=
le operators in section 3 of the current document.


and submission of an individual draft for consideration of the working grou=
p that meets the second proposal:


- A new BCP/Informational document on best practices when RPKI certificates=
 include multiple repository operators for the same materials.


--Sandy, speaking as wg co-chair

________________________________
From: sidr-bounces@ietf.org [sidr-bounces@ietf.org] on behalf of Roque Gagl=
iano (rogaglia) [rogaglia@cisco.com]
Sent: Monday, October 14, 2013 3:41 PM
To: sidr wg list
Subject: Re: [sidr] possible interim meeting for draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-p=
ublication-points

Dear Working Group:

The co-authors of the multi-publication points document would like to propo=
se a new course of action to the WG referring to this document.

Since its initial submission, the document addresses two problems related t=
o the support of multiple operators in RPKI:
i)- Multiple Operators support in TAL files  (Section 3 of current document=
)
ii)- Multiple Operators support in Certificates (Section 4 of current docum=
ent)

Today, we believe that the two problems are very different.  On one side po=
int i) could be quickly solved by the WG by updating or obsoleting RFC 6490=
 with the changes proposed in Section 3 of the document. We have shown in B=
erlin that changes to RPs should be very small and that "some" (and I say s=
o because in some cases it was accidental) backward compatibility exists wi=
th most popular RPs.

However the second point ii) while it does not require changes to existing =
standard document but rather a "BCP" document, it does require much more re=
search. While we go down to the RPKI hierarchy, we need to understand how m=
ultiple operators may create transient states and how RPs will typically re=
act to these. Some of the questions to answer were raised at the meeting an=
d recently in the WG mailing list.

Our proposal to the group is to split the current content in the document i=
n two documents:
- A "6490-bis" document that obsoletes RFC 6490 with the addition of multip=
le operators in section 3 of the current document.
- A new BCP/Informational document on best practices when RPKI certificates=
 include multiple repository operators for the same materials.

We look forward to hearing from you,
Regards,

Roque + Carlos + Terry


On Oct 2, 2013, at 9:58 AM, Roque Gagliano (rogaglia) <rogaglia@cisco.com<m=
ailto:rogaglia@cisco.com>> wrote:

Thanks Sharon for your email and analysis. These points are some of the poi=
nts raised during our last meeting.

I personally believe that the non-TAL work requires more research activity =
and I guess from your email that you have an interest in this area :-).

Regards,
Roque

Hi Roque,

As you work on this, I wanted share some observations made by my colleague =
here at BU, Ethan Heilman. He read the draft in detail and had a two sugges=
tions and one question, see below.

Sharon



Suggestion 1:



Section 4.1 of the draft says: =93If the connection to the preferred URI fa=
ils, the RP SHOULD fetch the repository objects from the next URI of prefer=
ence."



We suggest that the failover logic be extended to include validation failur=
es as well as connection failures (similar to the logic for TALs). That is,=
 when RPKI-validation generates a warning, an RP should fail over to anothe=
r publication point. These warnings could be generated by stale manifests, =
manifest errors (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6486<https://urldefense.proo=
fpoint.com/v1/url?u=3Dhttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6486&k=3DppNirDwWpcp60F=
64Pj2f9Q%3D%3D%0A&r=3D1r2Unu%2Fc6gYAwDNJlKNsbPY52jaSAOPXvi3DGzGJXQo%3D%0A&m=
=3Dk9moRHdBcKv1YVn%2B05d4Q%2F6SBxF5N2hhQ4CzsG%2BvGYI%3D%0A&s=3Df91c1c4f76c7=
ab2d139669df30dfad9fb53ecdf7bb5b6dc47a66534f07054718>), expired certs, miss=
ing ROAs, and other validation failures. We call this failover mode FO-Corr=
upt (Failover On Corruption) as opposed to the current failover mode FO-Con=
nect (Failover On Connection failure) in the draft.  Here=92s why we sugges=
t FO-Corrupt:



1)      Multiple publication points using the FO-Connect policy increase th=
e attack surface, while multiple publication points using the FO-Corrupt po=
licy decrease the attack surface.  With FO-Connect, corruption failures in =
a given publication point will directly affect RPs that select that publica=
tion point.  Meanwhile, under FO-Corrupt, a corruption failure must occur o=
n all publication points before it affects RPs; each additional publication=
 point adds an additional barrier to an attacker that seeks to corrupt obje=
cts. This also allows operators to raise the cost of an attack by adding pu=
blication points using diverse software and operating systems.  Importantly=
, missing or corrupted RPKI objects can cause routes to become classified a=
s invalid, and therefore be less preferred -- I provide examples of this ha=
ppening in the attached PDF =96 so if some of the publication points contai=
n uncorrupted objects, it=92s important to ensure that RP=92s fetch them.



2)      The differences in behavior between TAL failover and RPKI object fa=
ilover could cause confusion.    FO-Corrupt would provide a more consistent=
 policy.   Compare the quote from Section 4.1 above with the following from=
 Section 3.2:          =93If the connection to the preferred URI fails or t=
he fetched certificate public key does not match the TAL public key, the RP=
 SHOULD fetch the TA certificate from the next URI of preference.=94

Suggestion 2:



Section 3.2 and 4.1 of the draft suggest three rules to select the URI of t=
he publication point:
(1). Provided order, "the order provided in the correspondent certificate" =
---- my reading is that  this would be consistent across all RPs.
(2). Random order (selecting randomly from the available list)
(3). RP prioritized order, "a prioritized list of URIs based on RP specific=
 parameters such as connection establishment delay", this may or may not be=
 consistent across some subset of RPs.



We see the value of giving RP=92s the flexibility to choosing publications =
points based on their own concerns (delay, jurisdiction, etc.).  But rule (=
3) seems problematic because it could be exploited by attackers to predict =
the order which an RP would fail over from one publication point to the nex=
t. For example:
i.                    An attacker could target the first publication point =
of the list to distribute bad or missing objects, causing all RPs to get ba=
d information.
ii.                  An attacker who happened to compromise a publication p=
oint that was not the first element of the list, could e.g. DOS publication=
 points at the top of the list to ensure that RPs would use the attacker=92=
s publication point.
iii.                An attacker which could predict the fail over order cou=
ld perform a rolling DOS attack attacking the first element, then the secon=
d and so on.



Question:

Finally, there has been lots of work on fault-tolerant distributed database=
 systems that allow RPs to resolve inconsistencies between replicas of a da=
tabase.  We=92re not experts on these systems, but given that RPs will down=
load RPKI data relatively infrequently, is this something that could be con=
sidered here?
<examples.pdf>

_______________________________________________
sidr mailing list
sidr@ietf.org<mailto:sidr@ietf.org>
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr


--_000_24B20D14B2CD29478C8D5D6E9CBB29F67876F01EHSVMB001huntsvi_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html dir=3D"ltr">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3DWindows-1=
252">
<style type=3D"text/css" id=3D"owaParaStyle"></style>
</head>
<body style=3D"word-wrap:break-word" fpstyle=3D"1" ocsi=3D"0">
<div style=3D"direction: ltr;font-family: Arial;color: #000000;font-size: 1=
0pt;">No replies, so the authors should proceed as suggested.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>--Sandy, speaking as co-chair<br>
<div style=3D"font-family: Times New Roman; color: #000000; font-size: 16px=
">
<hr tabindex=3D"-1">
<div id=3D"divRpF399548" style=3D"direction: ltr; "><font face=3D"Tahoma" s=
ize=3D"2" color=3D"#000000"><b>From:</b> sidr [sidr-bounces@ietf.org] on be=
half of Murphy, Sandra [Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, December 05, 2013 8:05 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Roque Gagliano (rogaglia); sidr wg list<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [sidr] a new direction for draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publica=
tion-points<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>
<div style=3D"direction:ltr; font-family:Arial; color:#000000; font-size:10=
pt">
<div>The authors made a suggestion (see below) for a new course of action f=
or the draft draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points, splitting the dra=
ft into two work items.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>And there have been nearly two months of mostly silence on the point. =
&nbsp;(Thanks to Steve and Arturo for their replies.).</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>If the working group does not reject the approach the authors suggest =
by 13 Dec 2013, the authors should proceed with submission of a new version=
 of draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points that meets the first propos=
al:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>- A &quot;6490-bis&quot; document that obsoletes RFC 6490 with the add=
ition of multiple operators in section 3 of the current document.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>and submission of an individual draft for consideration of the working=
 group that meets the second proposal:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>- A new BCP/Informational document on best practices when RPKI certifi=
cates include multiple repository operators for the same materials.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>--Sandy, speaking as wg co-chair</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div style=3D"font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-size:16px">
<hr tabindex=3D"-1">
<div id=3D"divRpF703011" style=3D"direction:ltr"><font face=3D"Tahoma" size=
=3D"2" color=3D"#000000"><b>From:</b> sidr-bounces@ietf.org [sidr-bounces@i=
etf.org] on behalf of Roque Gagliano (rogaglia) [rogaglia@cisco.com]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 14, 2013 3:41 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> sidr wg list<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [sidr] possible interim meeting for draft-ietf-sidr-mul=
tiple-publication-points<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>
<div dir=3D"auto">
<div>Dear Working Group:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The co-authors of the multi-publication points document would like to =
propose a new course of action to the WG referring to this document.&nbsp;<=
/div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Since its initial submission, the document addresses two problems rela=
ted to the support of multiple operators in RPKI:&nbsp;</div>
<div><span class=3D"Apple-tab-span" style=3D"white-space:pre"></span>i)-&nb=
sp;Multiple Operators support in TAL files&nbsp;&nbsp;(Section 3 of current=
 document)</div>
<div><span class=3D"Apple-tab-span" style=3D"white-space:pre"></span>ii)-&n=
bsp;Multiple Operators support in Certificates (Section 4 of current docume=
nt)</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Today, we believe that the two problems are very different. &nbsp;On o=
ne side point i) could be quickly solved by the WG by updating or obsoletin=
g RFC 6490 with the changes proposed in Section 3 of the document. We have =
shown in Berlin that changes to RPs should
 be very small and that &quot;some&quot; (and I say so because in some case=
s it was accidental) backward compatibility exists with most popular RPs.</=
div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>However the second point ii) while it does not require changes to exis=
ting standard document but rather a &quot;BCP&quot; document, it does requi=
re much more research. While we go down to the RPKI hierarchy, we need to u=
nderstand how multiple operators may create
 transient states and how RPs will typically react to these. Some of the qu=
estions to answer were raised at the meeting and recently in the WG mailing=
 list.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Our proposal to the group is to split the current content in the docum=
ent in two documents: &nbsp;</div>
<div><span class=3D"Apple-tab-span" style=3D"white-space:pre"></span>-&nbsp=
;A&nbsp;&quot;6490-bis&quot; document that obsoletes RFC 6490 with the addi=
tion of multiple operators in section 3 of the current document.</div>
<div><span class=3D"Apple-tab-span" style=3D"white-space:pre"></span>- A ne=
w BCP/Informational document on best practices when RPKI certificates inclu=
de multiple repository operators for the same materials.</div>
<div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>We look forward to hearing from you,</div>
<div>Regards,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Roque &#43; Carlos &#43; Terry</div>
</div>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<br>
<div>
<div>On Oct 2, 2013, at 9:58 AM, Roque Gagliano (rogaglia) &lt;<a href=3D"m=
ailto:rogaglia@cisco.com" target=3D"_blank">rogaglia@cisco.com</a>&gt; wrot=
e:</div>
<br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type=3D"cite">
<div style=3D"word-wrap:break-word">Thanks Sharon for your email and analys=
is.&nbsp;These points are some of the points raised during our last meeting=
.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I personally believe that the non-TAL work requires more research acti=
vity and I guess from your email that you have an interest in this area :-)=
.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Regards,</div>
<div>Roque<br>
<div>
<div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type=3D"cite">
<div dir=3D"ltr"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>Hi Roque,=
<br>
<br>
As you work on this, I wanted share some observations made by my colleague =
here at BU, Ethan Heilman. He read the draft in detail and had a two sugges=
tions and one question, see below.<br>
<br>
Sharon<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"> </font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Suggestion 1:
</font></font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><font><font face=3D"C=
alibri"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt">Section 4.1 of the draft says: =93</=
span><span style=3D"font-size:12pt">If the connection to the preferred URI =
fails, the RP SHOULD fetch the repository
 objects from the next URI of preference.&quot; </span></font></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">We suggest that the failover logic be exte=
nded to include
<b>validation</b> failures as well as <b>connection</b> failures (similar t=
o the logic for TALs). That is, when RPKI-validation generates a warning, a=
n RP should fail over to another publication point. These warnings could be=
 generated by&nbsp;stale manifests, manifest
 errors (</font><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v1/url?u=3Dhtt=
p://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6486&amp;k=3DppNirDwWpcp60F64Pj2f9Q%3D%3D%0A&amp=
;r=3D1r2Unu%2Fc6gYAwDNJlKNsbPY52jaSAOPXvi3DGzGJXQo%3D%0A&amp;m=3Dk9moRHdBcK=
v1YVn%2B05d4Q%2F6SBxF5N2hhQ4CzsG%2BvGYI%3D%0A&amp;s=3Df91c1c4f76c7ab2d13966=
9df30dfad9fb53ecdf7bb5b6dc47a66534f07054718" target=3D"_blank"><span style=
=3D"color:blue"><font face=3D"Calibri">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6486</=
font></span></a><font><font face=3D"Calibri">),
 expired certs, missing ROAs, and other validation failures. We call this f=
ailover mode FO-Corrupt (Failover On Corruption) as opposed to the current =
failover mode FO-Connect (Failover On Connection failure) in the draft.
<span>&nbsp;</span>Here=92s why we suggest FO-Corrupt:</font></font></span>=
</div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; line-height:normal"><font><b><span=
 style=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">1)</font><span style=
=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;
</span></span></span></b><span style=3D"font-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calib=
ri">Multiple publication points using the FO-Connect policy increase the at=
tack surface, while multiple publication points using the FO-Corrupt policy=
 decrease the attack surface.
<span>&nbsp;</span>With FO-Connect, corruption failures in a given publicat=
ion point will directly affect RPs that select that publication point.<span=
>&nbsp;
</span>Meanwhile, under FO-Corrupt, a corruption failure must occur on <b>a=
ll </b>
publication points before it affects RPs; each additional publication point=
 adds an additional barrier to an attacker that seeks to corrupt objects. T=
his also allows operators to raise the cost of an attack by adding publicat=
ion points using diverse software
 and operating systems.<span>&nbsp; </span>Importantly, missing or corrupte=
d RPKI objects can cause routes to become classified as invalid, and theref=
ore be less preferred -- I provide examples of this happening in the attach=
ed PDF =96 so if some of the publication
 points contain uncorrupted objects, it=92s important to ensure that RP=92s=
 fetch them.</font></span></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; line-height:normal"><font><b><span=
 style=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">2)</font><span style=
=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;
</span></span></span></b><font face=3D"Calibri"><span style=3D"font-size:12=
pt">The differences in behavior between TAL failover and RPKI object failov=
er could cause confusion.<span>&nbsp;
</span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>FO-Corrupt would provide a more consistent =
policy.<span>&nbsp; </span>
<span>&nbsp;</span>Compare the quote from Section 4.1 above with the f</spa=
n><span style=3D"font-size:12pt">ollowing from Section 3.2:
<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>=93</span><sp=
an style=3D"font-size:12pt">If the connection to the preferred URI fails or=
 the fetched&nbsp;certificate public key does not match the TAL public key,=
 the RP&nbsp;SHOULD fetch the TA certificate from the next URI of preferenc=
e.=94
</span></font></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Suggestion 2:
</font></font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Section 3.2 and 4.1 of the draft sug=
gest three rules to select the URI of the publication point:<br>
(1).&nbsp;Provided order, &quot;the order provided in the correspondent cer=
tificate&quot; ---- my reading is that
<span>&nbsp;</span>this would be consistent across all RPs.</font></font></=
span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">(2). Random order (selecting randoml=
y from the available list)</font></font></span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">(3).&nbsp;RP prioritized order,&nbsp=
;&quot;a prioritized list of URIs based on RP specific&nbsp;parameters such=
 as connection establishment delay&quot;, this may or may not be&nbsp;consi=
stent&nbsp;across
 some subset of RPs.&nbsp;</font></font></span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">We see the value of giving RP=92s th=
e flexibility to choosing publications points based on their own concerns (=
delay, jurisdiction, etc.).<span>&nbsp;
</span>But rule (3) seems problematic because it could<span style=3D""> be =
exploited by attackers to predict the order which an RP would fail over fro=
m one publication point to the next. For example:
</span></font></font></span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; line-height:normal"><font><b><span =
style=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">i.</font><span style=
=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span></b><font face=3D"Calibri"><span style=3D"font-size:12=
pt">An attacker could target the first publication point of the list&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D"font-size:12pt">to&nbsp;distribute bad or missing obje=
cts, causing all RPs to get bad information.</span></font></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; line-height:normal"><font><b><span =
style=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">ii.</font><span style=
=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;
</span></span></span></b><span style=3D"font-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calib=
ri">An attacker who happened to compromise a publication point that was not=
 the first element of the list, could e.g. DOS publication points at the to=
p of the list to ensure that RPs would
 use the attacker=92s publication point. &nbsp;</font></span></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; line-height:normal"><font><b><span =
style=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">iii.</font><span styl=
e=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span></b><span style=3D"font-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calib=
ri">An attacker which could predict the fail over order could perform a rol=
ling DOS attack attacking the first element, then the second and so on.
</font></span></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Question:<span>&nbsp;
</span></font></font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt; line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Finally, there has been lots of work=
 on fault-tolerant distributed database systems that allow RPs to resolve i=
nconsistencies between replicas of a database.<span>&nbsp;
</span>We=92re not experts on these systems, but given that RPs will downlo=
ad RPKI data relatively infrequently, is this something that could be consi=
dered here?
</font></font></span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font></div>
<span>&lt;examples.pdf&gt;</span></blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br>
sidr mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:sidr@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">sidr@ietf.org</a><br>
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr<br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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Subject: [sidr] I-D Action: draft-ietf-sidr-rtr-keying-04.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Secure Inter-Domain Routing Working Group=
 of the IETF.

	Title           : Router Keying for BGPsec
	Author(s)       : Sean Turner
                          Keyur Patel
                          Randy Bush
	Filename        : draft-ietf-sidr-rtr-keying-04.txt
	Pages           : 8
	Date            : 2013-12-17

Abstract:
   BGPsec-speaking routers must be provisioned with private keys and the
   corresponding public key must be published in the global RPKI
   (Resource Public Key Infrastructure).  This document describes two
   ways of provisioning public/private keys, router-driven and operator-
   driven.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sidr-rtr-keying

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-sidr-rtr-keying-04

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-sidr-rtr-keying-04


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


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This is probably a little late, but I support this plan.

Sharon


On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 11:17 AM, Murphy, Sandra
<Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com>wrote:

>  No replies, so the authors should proceed as suggested.
>
>  --Sandy, speaking as co-chair
>  ------------------------------
> *From:* sidr [sidr-bounces@ietf.org] on behalf of Murphy, Sandra [
> Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com]
> *Sent:* Thursday, December 05, 2013 8:05 PM
> *To:* Roque Gagliano (rogaglia); sidr wg list
> *Subject:* [sidr] a new direction for
> draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points
>
>   The authors made a suggestion (see below) for a new course of action
> for the draft draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points, splitting the
> draft into two work items.
>
>
>  And there have been nearly two months of mostly silence on the point.
>  (Thanks to Steve and Arturo for their replies.).
>
>
>  If the working group does not reject the approach the authors suggest by
> 13 Dec 2013, the authors should proceed with submission of a new version =
of
> draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points that meets the first proposal=
:
>
>
>  - A "6490-bis" document that obsoletes RFC 6490 with the addition of
> multiple operators in section 3 of the current document.
>
>
>  and submission of an individual draft for consideration of the working
> group that meets the second proposal:
>
>
>  - A new BCP/Informational document on best practices when RPKI
> certificates include multiple repository operators for the same materials=
.
>
>
>  --Sandy, speaking as wg co-chair
>
>  ------------------------------
> *From:* sidr-bounces@ietf.org [sidr-bounces@ietf.org] on behalf of Roque
> Gagliano (rogaglia) [rogaglia@cisco.com]
> *Sent:* Monday, October 14, 2013 3:41 PM
> *To:* sidr wg list
> *Subject:* Re: [sidr] possible interim meeting for
> draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points
>
>   Dear Working Group:
>
>  The co-authors of the multi-publication points document would like to
> propose a new course of action to the WG referring to this document.
>
>  Since its initial submission, the document addresses two problems
> related to the support of multiple operators in RPKI:
> i)- Multiple Operators support in TAL files  (Section 3 of current
> document)
> ii)- Multiple Operators support in Certificates (Section 4 of current
> document)
>
>  Today, we believe that the two problems are very different.  On one side
> point i) could be quickly solved by the WG by updating or obsoleting RFC
> 6490 with the changes proposed in Section 3 of the document. We have show=
n
> in Berlin that changes to RPs should be very small and that "some" (and I
> say so because in some cases it was accidental) backward compatibility
> exists with most popular RPs.
>
>  However the second point ii) while it does not require changes to
> existing standard document but rather a "BCP" document, it does require
> much more research. While we go down to the RPKI hierarchy, we need to
> understand how multiple operators may create transient states and how RPs
> will typically react to these. Some of the questions to answer were raise=
d
> at the meeting and recently in the WG mailing list.
>
>  Our proposal to the group is to split the current content in the
> document in two documents:
> - A "6490-bis" document that obsoletes RFC 6490 with the addition of
> multiple operators in section 3 of the current document.
> - A new BCP/Informational document on best practices when RPKI
> certificates include multiple repository operators for the same materials=
.
>
>  We look forward to hearing from you,
> Regards,
>
>  Roque + Carlos + Terry
>
>
>  On Oct 2, 2013, at 9:58 AM, Roque Gagliano (rogaglia) <rogaglia@cisco.co=
m>
> wrote:
>
>  Thanks Sharon for your email and analysis. These points are some of the
> points raised during our last meeting.
>
>  I personally believe that the non-TAL work requires more research
> activity and I guess from your email that you have an interest in this ar=
ea
> :-).
>
>  Regards,
> Roque
>
>  Hi Roque,
>
> As you work on this, I wanted share some observations made by my colleagu=
e
> here at BU, Ethan Heilman. He read the draft in detail and had a two
> suggestions and one question, see below.
>
> Sharon
>
>
>  *Suggestion 1: *
>
>
>  Section 4.1 of the draft says: =93If the connection to the preferred URI
> fails, the RP SHOULD fetch the repository objects from the next URI of
> preference."
>
>
>  We suggest that the failover logic be extended to include *validation*fa=
ilures as well as
> *connection* failures (similar to the logic for TALs). That is, when
> RPKI-validation generates a warning, an RP should fail over to another
> publication point. These warnings could be generated by stale manifests,
> manifest errors (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6486<https://urldefense.pr=
oofpoint.com/v1/url?u=3Dhttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6486&k=3DppNirDwWpcp6=
0F64Pj2f9Q%3D%3D%0A&r=3D1r2Unu%2Fc6gYAwDNJlKNsbPY52jaSAOPXvi3DGzGJXQo%3D%0A=
&m=3Dk9moRHdBcKv1YVn%2B05d4Q%2F6SBxF5N2hhQ4CzsG%2BvGYI%3D%0A&s=3Df91c1c4f76=
c7ab2d139669df30dfad9fb53ecdf7bb5b6dc47a66534f07054718>),
> expired certs, missing ROAs, and other validation failures. We call this
> failover mode FO-Corrupt (Failover On Corruption) as opposed to the curre=
nt
> failover mode FO-Connect (Failover On Connection failure) in the draft.  =
Here=92s
> why we suggest FO-Corrupt:
>
>
>  *1)      *Multiple publication points using the FO-Connect policy
> increase the attack surface, while multiple publication points using the
> FO-Corrupt policy decrease the attack surface.  With FO-Connect,
> corruption failures in a given publication point will directly affect RPs
> that select that publication point.  Meanwhile, under FO-Corrupt, a
> corruption failure must occur on *all * publication points before it
> affects RPs; each additional publication point adds an additional barrier
> to an attacker that seeks to corrupt objects. This also allows operators =
to
> raise the cost of an attack by adding publication points using diverse
> software and operating systems.  Importantly, missing or corrupted RPKI
> objects can cause routes to become classified as invalid, and therefore b=
e
> less preferred -- I provide examples of this happening in the attached PD=
F
> =96 so if some of the publication points contain uncorrupted objects, it=
=92s
> important to ensure that RP=92s fetch them.
>
>
>  *2)      *The differences in behavior between TAL failover and RPKI
> object failover could cause confusion.    FO-Corrupt would provide a more
> consistent policy.   Compare the quote from Section 4.1 above with the fo=
llowing
> from Section 3.2:          =93If the connection to the preferred URI fail=
s
> or the fetched certificate public key does not match the TAL public key,
> the RP SHOULD fetch the TA certificate from the next URI of preference.=
=94
>
>  *Suggestion 2: *
>
>
>  Section 3.2 and 4.1 of the draft suggest three rules to select the URI
> of the publication point:
> (1). Provided order, "the order provided in the correspondent certificate=
"
> ---- my reading is that  this would be consistent across all RPs.
>  (2). Random order (selecting randomly from the available list)
>  (3). RP prioritized order, "a prioritized list of URIs based on RP
> specific parameters such as connection establishment delay", this may or
> may not be consistent across some subset of RPs.
>
>
>  We see the value of giving RP=92s the flexibility to choosing publicatio=
ns
> points based on their own concerns (delay, jurisdiction, etc.).  But rule
> (3) seems problematic because it could be exploited by attackers to
> predict the order which an RP would fail over from one publication point =
to
> the next. For example:
>  *i.                    *An attacker could target the first publication
> point of the list to distribute bad or missing objects, causing all RPs
> to get bad information.
>  *ii.                  *An attacker who happened to compromise a
> publication point that was not the first element of the list, could e.g.
> DOS publication points at the top of the list to ensure that RPs would us=
e
> the attacker=92s publication point.
>  *iii.                *An attacker which could predict the fail over
> order could perform a rolling DOS attack attacking the first element, the=
n
> the second and so on.
>
>
>  *Question:  *
>
>  Finally, there has been lots of work on fault-tolerant distributed
> database systems that allow RPs to resolve inconsistencies between replic=
as
> of a database.  We=92re not experts on these systems, but given that RPs
> will download RPKI data relatively infrequently, is this something that
> could be considered here?
>  <examples.pdf>
>
>
>   _______________________________________________
> sidr mailing list
> sidr@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> sidr mailing list
> sidr@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr
>
>


--=20
Sharon Goldberg
Computer Science, Boston University
http://www.cs.bu.edu/~goldbe

--e89a8f646edd53eecc04ee2134f6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr">This is probably a little late, but I support this plan.<d=
iv><br></div><div>Sharon</div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br><div class=
=3D"gmail_quote">On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 11:17 AM, Murphy, Sandra <span dir=
=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com" target=3D"_blank"=
>Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>


<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">




<div style=3D"word-wrap:break-word">
<div style=3D"direction:ltr;font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial">No replies, s=
o the authors should proceed as suggested.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>--Sandy, speaking as co-chair<br>
<div style=3D"font-size:16px;font-family:Times New Roman">
<hr>
<div style=3D"direction:ltr"><font face=3D"Tahoma" color=3D"#000000"><b>Fro=
m:</b> sidr [<a href=3D"mailto:sidr-bounces@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">sid=
r-bounces@ietf.org</a>] on behalf of Murphy, Sandra [<a href=3D"mailto:Sand=
ra.Murphy@parsons.com" target=3D"_blank">Sandra.Murphy@parsons.com</a>]<br>



<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, December 05, 2013 8:05 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Roque Gagliano (rogaglia); sidr wg list<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [sidr] a new direction for draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publica=
tion-points<br>
</font><br>
</div><div><div>
<div></div>
<div>
<div style=3D"direction:ltr;font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial">
<div>The authors made a suggestion (see below) for a new course of action f=
or the draft draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points, splitting the dra=
ft into two work items.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>And there have been nearly two months of mostly silence on the point. =
=A0(Thanks to Steve and Arturo for their replies.).</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>If the working group does not reject the approach the authors suggest =
by 13 Dec 2013, the authors should proceed with submission of a new version=
 of draft-ietf-sidr-multiple-publication-points that meets the first propos=
al:</div>



<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>- A &quot;6490-bis&quot; document that obsoletes RFC 6490 with the add=
ition of multiple operators in section 3 of the current document.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>and submission of an individual draft for consideration of the working=
 group that meets the second proposal:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>- A new BCP/Informational document on best practices when RPKI certifi=
cates include multiple repository operators for the same materials.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>--Sandy, speaking as wg co-chair</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div style=3D"font-size:16px;font-family:Times New Roman">
<hr>
<div style=3D"direction:ltr"><font face=3D"Tahoma" color=3D"#000000"><b>Fro=
m:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:sidr-bounces@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">sidr-boun=
ces@ietf.org</a> [<a href=3D"mailto:sidr-bounces@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank=
">sidr-bounces@ietf.org</a>] on behalf of Roque Gagliano (rogaglia) [<a hre=
f=3D"mailto:rogaglia@cisco.com" target=3D"_blank">rogaglia@cisco.com</a>]<b=
r>



<b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 14, 2013 3:41 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> sidr wg list<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [sidr] possible interim meeting for draft-ietf-sidr-mul=
tiple-publication-points<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>
<div dir=3D"auto">
<div>Dear Working Group:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The co-authors of the multi-publication points document would like to =
propose a new course of action to the WG referring to this document.=A0</di=
v>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Since its initial submission, the document addresses two problems rela=
ted to the support of multiple operators in RPKI:=A0</div>
<div><span style=3D"white-space:pre-wrap"></span>i)-=A0Multiple Operators s=
upport in TAL files=A0=A0(Section 3 of current document)</div>
<div><span style=3D"white-space:pre-wrap"></span>ii)-=A0Multiple Operators =
support in Certificates (Section 4 of current document)</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Today, we believe that the two problems are very different. =A0On one =
side point i) could be quickly solved by the WG by updating or obsoleting R=
FC 6490 with the changes proposed in Section 3 of the document. We have sho=
wn in Berlin that changes to RPs should
 be very small and that &quot;some&quot; (and I say so because in some case=
s it was accidental) backward compatibility exists with most popular RPs.</=
div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>However the second point ii) while it does not require changes to exis=
ting standard document but rather a &quot;BCP&quot; document, it does requi=
re much more research. While we go down to the RPKI hierarchy, we need to u=
nderstand how multiple operators may create
 transient states and how RPs will typically react to these. Some of the qu=
estions to answer were raised at the meeting and recently in the WG mailing=
 list.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Our proposal to the group is to split the current content in the docum=
ent in two documents: =A0</div>
<div><span style=3D"white-space:pre-wrap"></span>-=A0A=A0&quot;6490-bis&quo=
t; document that obsoletes RFC 6490 with the addition of multiple operators=
 in section 3 of the current document.</div>
<div><span style=3D"white-space:pre-wrap"></span>- A new BCP/Informational =
document on best practices when RPKI certificates include multiple reposito=
ry operators for the same materials.</div>
<div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>We look forward to hearing from you,</div>
<div>Regards,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Roque + Carlos + Terry</div>
</div>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<br>
<div>
<div>On Oct 2, 2013, at 9:58 AM, Roque Gagliano (rogaglia) &lt;<a href=3D"m=
ailto:rogaglia@cisco.com" target=3D"_blank">rogaglia@cisco.com</a>&gt; wrot=
e:</div>
<br>
<blockquote type=3D"cite">
<div style=3D"word-wrap:break-word">Thanks Sharon for your email and analys=
is.=A0These points are some of the points raised during our last meeting.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I personally believe that the non-TAL work requires more research acti=
vity and I guess from your email that you have an interest in this area :-)=
.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Regards,</div>
<div>Roque<br>
<div>
<div><br>
<blockquote type=3D"cite">
<div dir=3D"ltr"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>Hi Roque,=
<br>
<br>
As you work on this, I wanted share some observations made by my colleague =
here at BU, Ethan Heilman. He read the draft in detail and had a two sugges=
tions and one question, see below.<br>
<br>
Sharon<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"> </font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-size=
:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">=A0</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"font=
-size:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Suggestion 1:
</font></font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-size=
:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">=A0</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><font><font face=3D"Ca=
libri"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt">Section 4.1 of the draft says: =93</s=
pan><span style=3D"font-size:12pt">If the connection to the preferred URI f=
ails, the RP SHOULD fetch the repository
 objects from the next URI of preference.&quot; </span></font></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-size=
:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">=A0</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">We suggest that the failover logic be exten=
ded to include
<b>validation</b> failures as well as <b>connection</b> failures (similar t=
o the logic for TALs). That is, when RPKI-validation generates a warning, a=
n RP should fail over to another publication point. These warnings could be=
 generated by=A0stale manifests, manifest
 errors (</font><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v1/url?u=3Dhtt=
p://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6486&amp;k=3DppNirDwWpcp60F64Pj2f9Q%3D%3D%0A&amp=
;r=3D1r2Unu%2Fc6gYAwDNJlKNsbPY52jaSAOPXvi3DGzGJXQo%3D%0A&amp;m=3Dk9moRHdBcK=
v1YVn%2B05d4Q%2F6SBxF5N2hhQ4CzsG%2BvGYI%3D%0A&amp;s=3Df91c1c4f76c7ab2d13966=
9df30dfad9fb53ecdf7bb5b6dc47a66534f07054718" target=3D"_blank"><span style=
=3D"color:blue"><font face=3D"Calibri">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6486</=
font></span></a><font><font face=3D"Calibri">),
 expired certs, missing ROAs, and other validation failures. We call this f=
ailover mode FO-Corrupt (Failover On Corruption) as opposed to the current =
failover mode FO-Connect (Failover On Connection failure) in the draft.
<span>=A0</span>Here=92s why we suggest FO-Corrupt:</font></font></span></d=
iv>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-size=
:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">=A0</font></font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in;line-height:normal"><font><b><span =
style=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">1)</font><span style=
=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0
</span></span></span></b><span style=3D"font-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calib=
ri">Multiple publication points using the FO-Connect policy increase the at=
tack surface, while multiple publication points using the FO-Corrupt policy=
 decrease the attack surface.
<span>=A0</span>With FO-Connect, corruption failures in a given publication=
 point will directly affect RPs that select that publication point.<span>=
=A0
</span>Meanwhile, under FO-Corrupt, a corruption failure must occur on <b>a=
ll </b>
publication points before it affects RPs; each additional publication point=
 adds an additional barrier to an attacker that seeks to corrupt objects. T=
his also allows operators to raise the cost of an attack by adding publicat=
ion points using diverse software
 and operating systems.<span>=A0 </span>Importantly, missing or corrupted R=
PKI objects can cause routes to become classified as invalid, and therefore=
 be less preferred -- I provide examples of this happening in the attached =
PDF =96 so if some of the publication
 points contain uncorrupted objects, it=92s important to ensure that RP=92s=
 fetch them.</font></span></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"fo=
nt-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">=A0</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in;line-height:normal"><font><b><span =
style=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">2)</font><span style=
=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0
</span></span></span></b><font face=3D"Calibri"><span style=3D"font-size:12=
pt">The differences in behavior between TAL failover and RPKI object failov=
er could cause confusion.<span>=A0
</span><span>=A0=A0</span>FO-Corrupt would provide a more consistent policy=
.<span>=A0 </span>
<span>=A0</span>Compare the quote from Section 4.1 above with the f</span><=
span style=3D"font-size:12pt">ollowing from Section 3.2:
<span>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 </span>=93</span><span style=3D"font-size:12=
pt">If the connection to the preferred URI fails or the fetched=A0certifica=
te public key does not match the TAL public key, the RP=A0SHOULD fetch the =
TA certificate from the next URI of preference.=94
</span></font></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"font=
-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">=A0</font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"font=
-size:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Suggestion 2:
</font></font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-size=
:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">=A0</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Section 3.2 and 4.1 of the draft sugg=
est three rules to select the URI of the publication point:<br>
(1).=A0Provided order, &quot;the order provided in the correspondent certif=
icate&quot; ---- my reading is that
<span>=A0</span>this would be consistent across all RPs.</font></font></spa=
n></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">(2). Random order (selecting randomly=
 from the available list)</font></font></span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">(3).=A0RP prioritized order,=A0&quot;=
a prioritized list of URIs based on RP specific=A0parameters such as connec=
tion establishment delay&quot;, this may or may not be=A0consistent=A0acros=
s
 some subset of RPs.=A0</font></font></span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-size=
:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">=A0</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">We see the value of giving RP=92s the=
 flexibility to choosing publications points based on their own concerns (d=
elay, jurisdiction, etc.).<span>=A0
</span>But rule (3) seems problematic because it could<span> be exploited b=
y attackers to predict the order which an RP would fail over from one publi=
cation point to the next. For example:
</span></font></font></span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;line-height:normal"><font><b><span s=
tyle=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">i.</font><span style=
=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=
=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0
</span></span></span></b><font face=3D"Calibri"><span style=3D"font-size:12=
pt">An attacker could target the first publication point of the list=A0</sp=
an><span style=3D"font-size:12pt">to=A0distribute bad or missing objects, c=
ausing all RPs to get bad information.</span></font></font></div>



<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;line-height:normal"><font><b><span s=
tyle=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">ii.</font><span style=
=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=
=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0
</span></span></span></b><span style=3D"font-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calib=
ri">An attacker who happened to compromise a publication point that was not=
 the first element of the list, could e.g. DOS publication points at the to=
p of the list to ensure that RPs would
 use the attacker=92s publication point. =A0</font></span></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;line-height:normal"><font><b><span s=
tyle=3D"font-size:12pt"><span><font face=3D"Calibri">iii.</font><span style=
=3D"font:7pt/normal &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=
=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0
</span></span></span></b><span style=3D"font-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calib=
ri">An attacker which could predict the fail over order could perform a rol=
ling DOS attack attacking the first element, then the second and so on.
</font></span></font></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-size=
:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">=A0</font></span></p>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"font=
-size:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Question:<span>=A0
</span></font></font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><b><span style=3D"font=
-size:12pt"><font face=3D"Calibri">=A0</font></span></b></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font>
<div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0pt;line-height:normal"><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:12pt"><font><font face=3D"Calibri">Finally, there has been lots of work =
on fault-tolerant distributed database systems that allow RPs to resolve in=
consistencies between replicas of a database.<span>=A0
</span>We=92re not experts on these systems, but given that RPs will downlo=
ad RPKI data relatively infrequently, is this something that could be consi=
dered here?
</font></font></span></div>
<font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"></font></div>
<span>&lt;examples.pdf&gt;</span></blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br>
sidr mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:sidr@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">sidr@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr</a><br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<br>_______________________________________________<br>
sidr mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:sidr@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">sidr@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sidr</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br>Sharon G=
oldberg<br>Computer Science, Boston University<br><a href=3D"http://www.cs.=
bu.edu/~goldbe" target=3D"_blank">http://www.cs.bu.edu/~goldbe</a>
</div></div>

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