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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
Thread-Index: AciRmuXokKnUmVQyROmRmE5PNupbGQB8oDogABBlm+AACyBNEAAGWVBQ
References: <200803251629.m2PGTC0N025942@dragon.ariadne.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066D81@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><28F05913385EAC43AF019413F674A0171246ED51@OCCLUST04EVS1.ugd.att.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066D85@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><18414.14946.299667.816439@harjus.tutpro.com>
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Mary Barnes" <mary.barnes@nortel.com>,
	"Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>,
	"Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>,
	"Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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The biggest problems with History-Info (IMHO) are:

- It is written so that the UAC may generate the first History-Info
entry
  or (more typically), it's proxy will. Creates some confusion on who
does what.
- It's optional
- The number of entries can be pruned by proxies, making the content
unreliable.
- The last hop (i.e., replacing with contact) is not made obvious in the
list (the
  whole point of this discussion).
- People have used it as a replacement to diversion-header, i.e., to map
to 
  ISDN redirection number information. <--- This is the biggest problem

All of those could be solve by a -bis.

(There are also a few minor mistakes in some of the flows).

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Barnes, Mary (RICH2:AR00) 
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 06:28
> To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha 
> Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> The proper use of History-Info isn't rocket science, but it 
> does require careful reading of the spec and proper 
> implementation (i.e., I agree if you don't implement the spec 
> properly, then it is a mess but that can be the case for any 
> spec that isn't implemented properly). There are some 
> inaccuracies in one of Dale's examples on forking that makes 
> it look far more error prone and problematic than it should 
> be. I'll respond separately with details.  
> 
> Mary. 
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Hans Erik van Elburg
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 3:07 AM
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> The point is that History-Info does not solve the problem so 
> something new is needed anyway.
> 
> And proper use of History-Info is rocket science as Dale has shown.
> 
> /Hans Erik
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Francois Audet
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 2:16 AM
> To: Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> There are existing implementations of History-Info in the field.
> 
> It's not rocket science.
> 
> And I don't see why introducing something else will be 
> simpler. It will just be extra complexity. 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of 
> > Juha Heinanen
> > Sent: Saturday, March 29, 2008 05:48
> > To: Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > Christer Holmberg writes:
> > 
> >  > However, I still fail to understand how Target would be more 
> > "complex"
> >  > than e.g. History-Info. 
> > 
> > christer,
> > 
> > ANY solution for anything must be MUCH simpler than history-info, 
> > which is far too complex by itself.
> > 
> > i haven't seen anyone fully implement history-info and most likely 
> > that is because of its complexity.  if you are now going to invent 
> > some other mechanism that is as complex or even more 
> complex, it has 
> > no change in real world.
> > 
> > i therefore suggest that h-i is deprecated and a replaced 
> by a simpler
> 
> > mechanism.
> > 
> > -- juha
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip 
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application 
> of sip _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip 
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr  1 11:12:17 2008
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From: Dan York <dyork@voxeo.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Apr 2008 14:12:07 -0400
To: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
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Subject: [Sip] Enjoyable read... Re: I-D Action:
	draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
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Hadriel,

Nice piece of work that you and Bob did!   I laughed quite a good bit  
throughout.

Thanks for injecting some humor here,
Dan

On Apr 1, 2008, at 3:15 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:

> Greetings,
> Given today's relative importance in history - being the date Swiss  
> farmers had their largest spaghetti crop harvest, Sweden introduced  
> color television, the USSR connected Kremvax to Usenet, the Alabama  
> state government changed the value of Pi to 3.0, and much more - we  
> took it upon ourselves to write up and submit a new Internet-Draft  
> for an update to RFC 3261 (and a bunch of other RFCs): P2P2PSIP,  
> a.k.a. SIP v4.0.
>
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
>
> Abstract:
> This document defines a new and improved version of SIP, which  
> tastes great and is less filling than the previous SIP.  This draft  
> updates all previous and future RFCs related to SIP in SIPPING,  
> SIMPLE, MMUSIC, BEHAVE, and so on.
>
> -hadriel
> p.s. I apologize for the length of it - it was only 41 pages long  
> originally, but my co-author demanded it be expanded to 42 pages  
> (for obvious reasons), and thus it's a bit bloated.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

-- 
Dan York, CISSP, Director of Emerging Communication Technology
Office of the CTO    Voxeo Corporation     dyork@voxeo.com
Phone: +1-407-455-5859  Skype: danyork  http://www.voxeo.com
Blogs: http://blogs.voxeo.com  http://www.disruptivetelephony.com

Build voice applications based on open standards.
Find out how at http://www.voxeo.com/free






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<html><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">
Hadriel,<div><br></div><div>Nice piece of work that you and Bob did! =A0 =
I laughed quite a good bit throughout.=A0</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks =
for injecting some humor here,</div><div>Dan<br><div><br><div><html>On =
Apr 1, 2008, at 3:15 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:</html><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Greetings,</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Given today's =
relative importance in history - being the date Swiss farmers had their =
largest spaghetti crop harvest, Sweden introduced color television, the =
USSR connected Kremvax to Usenet, the Alabama state government changed =
the value of Pi to 3.0, and much more - we took it upon ourselves to =
write up and submit a new Internet-Draft for an update to RFC 3261 (and =
a bunch of other RFCs): P2P2PSIP, a.k.a. SIP v4.0.</div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">A URL =
for this Internet-Draft is:</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><a =
href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.tx=
t">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt</a>=
</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: =
0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Abstract:</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">This document =
defines a new and improved version of SIP, which tastes great and is =
less filling than the previous SIP.<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0=
 </span>This draft updates all previous and future RFCs related to SIP =
in SIPPING, SIMPLE, MMUSIC, BEHAVE, and so on.</div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
">-hadriel</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">p.s. I apologize for the length =
of it - it was only 41 pages long originally, but my co-author demanded =
it be expanded to 42 pages (for obvious reasons), and thus it's a bit =
bloated.</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; =
">_______________________________________________</div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Sip mailing list<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </span><a =
href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip">https://www.ietf.org/ma=
ilman/listinfo/sip</a></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">This list is for NEW =
development of the core SIP Protocol</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Use <a =
href=3D"mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu">sip-implementors@cs.colum=
bia.edu</a> for questions on current sip</div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Use <a =
href=3D"mailto:sipping@ietf.org">sipping@ietf.org</a> for new =
developments on the application of sip</div> =
</blockquote></div><br><div> <span class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: =
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; =
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; =
orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; =
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: =
0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><span class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: =
0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); =
font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; =
font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; =
line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; =
text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; =
orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">--=A0</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Dan York, =
CISSP, Director of Emerging Communication Technology</div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Office of the CTO=A0 =A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span>Voxeo Corporation<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span>=A0 =A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><a =
href=3D"mailto:dyork@voxeo.com">dyork@voxeo.com</a></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Phone: +1-407-455-5859=A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span>Skype: danyork=A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><a =
href=3D"http://www.voxeo.com">http://www.voxeo.com</a></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Blogs: <a =
href=3D"http://blogs.voxeo.com">http://blogs.voxeo.com</a>=A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><a =
href=3D"http://www.disruptivetelephony.com">http://www.disruptivetelephony=
.com</a></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal =
12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Build voice applications based on open =
standards.</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Find out how at <a =
href=3D"http://www.voxeo.com/free">http://www.voxeo.com/free</a></div><div=
 style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; =
min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal =
normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></div><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"></span></span><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"> =
</div><br></div></div></body></html>=

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_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
--===============1905679208==--


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Message-ID: <47F27C8C.9070806@stpeter.im>
Date: Tue, 01 Apr 2008 12:18:52 -0600
From: Peter Saint-Andre <stpeter@stpeter.im>
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To: Dan York <dyork@voxeo.com>
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Cc: "sip@ietf.org" <sip@ietf.org>, Bob Penfield <BPenfield@acmepacket.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Enjoyable read... Re: I-D
	Action:	draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
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I'm waiting for v6 myself...

Dan York wrote:
> Hadriel,
> 
> Nice piece of work that you and Bob did!   I laughed quite a good bit
> throughout.
> 
> Thanks for injecting some humor here,
> Dan
> 
> On Apr 1, 2008, at 3:15 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> 
>> Greetings,
>> Given today's relative importance in history - being the date Swiss
>> farmers had their largest spaghetti crop harvest, Sweden introduced
>> color television, the USSR connected Kremvax to Usenet, the Alabama
>> state government changed the value of Pi to 3.0, and much more - we
>> took it upon ourselves to write up and submit a new Internet-Draft for
>> an update to RFC 3261 (and a bunch of other RFCs): P2P2PSIP, a.k.a.
>> SIP v4.0.
>>
>> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
>>
>> Abstract:
>> This document defines a new and improved version of SIP, which tastes
>> great and is less filling than the previous SIP.  This draft updates
>> all previous and future RFCs related to SIP in SIPPING, SIMPLE,
>> MMUSIC, BEHAVE, and so on.
>>
>> -hadriel
>> p.s. I apologize for the length of it - it was only 41 pages long
>> originally, but my co-author demanded it be expanded to 42 pages (for
>> obvious reasons), and thus it's a bit bloated.
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

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Cc: "sip@ietf.org" <sip@ietf.org>, Bob Penfield <BPenfield@acmepacket.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Enjoyable read... Re: I-D
	Action:	draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
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humor?

I'm looking forward to cleaning up the details and getting this 
approved. Its about time we moved on.

	Paul

Dan York wrote:
> Hadriel,
> 
> Nice piece of work that you and Bob did!   I laughed quite a good bit 
> throughout. 
> 
> Thanks for injecting some humor here,
> Dan
> 
> On Apr 1, 2008, at 3:15 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> Greetings,
>> Given today's relative importance in history - being the date Swiss 
>> farmers had their largest spaghetti crop harvest, Sweden introduced 
>> color television, the USSR connected Kremvax to Usenet, the Alabama 
>> state government changed the value of Pi to 3.0, and much more - we 
>> took it upon ourselves to write up and submit a new Internet-Draft for 
>> an update to RFC 3261 (and a bunch of other RFCs): P2P2PSIP, a.k.a. 
>> SIP v4.0.
>>
>> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
>>
>> Abstract:
>> This document defines a new and improved version of SIP, which tastes 
>> great and is less filling than the previous SIP.  This draft updates 
>> all previous and future RFCs related to SIP in SIPPING, SIMPLE, 
>> MMUSIC, BEHAVE, and so on.
>>
>> -hadriel
>> p.s. I apologize for the length of it - it was only 41 pages long 
>> originally, but my co-author demanded it be expanded to 42 pages (for 
>> obvious reasons), and thus it's a bit bloated.
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu 
>> <mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu> for questions on current sip
>> Use sipping@ietf.org <mailto:sipping@ietf.org> for new developments on 
>> the application of sip
> 
> -- 
> Dan York, CISSP, Director of Emerging Communication Technology
> Office of the CTO    Voxeo Corporation     dyork@voxeo.com 
> <mailto:dyork@voxeo.com>
> Phone: +1-407-455-5859  Skype: danyork  http://www.voxeo.com
> Blogs: http://blogs.voxeo.com  http://www.disruptivetelephony.com
> 
> Build voice applications based on open standards.
> Find out how at http://www.voxeo.com/free
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
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On Apr 1, 2008, at 1:29 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
> humor?
>
> I'm looking forward to cleaning up the details and getting this
> approved. Its about time we moved on.
>

That's the scary part. The draft is completely implementable. I'm  
pretty sure it wouldn't even work all that badly, especially if we cut  
down a bit on the BRIMSTONE spamming.

--
Dean

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Thanks Hadriel,
I'm looking forward to it too!
We'll get rid of the tel: confusion and the sipss: would finally solve  
secure SIP by providing end-to-end-TO-END security. I love it! hahaha

--
Bayan Towfiq

On Apr 1, 2008, at 12:31 PM, Dean Willis wrote:
>
> On Apr 1, 2008, at 1:29 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
>> humor?
>>
>> I'm looking forward to cleaning up the details and getting this
>> approved. Its about time we moved on.
>>
>
> That's the scary part. The draft is completely implementable. I'm
> pretty sure it wouldn't even work all that badly, especially if we cut
> down a bit on the BRIMSTONE spamming.
>
> --
> Dean
>
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

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	I-DAction:	draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
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References: <E6C2E8958BA59A4FB960963D475F7AC30BCBC8A24A@mail.acmepacket.com><2FB319C8-5072-4F0C-82AF-50F060DDC663@voxeo.com>
	<47F27F03.20703@cisco.com>
From: "Ganesan Sam-W00184" <sam.ganesan@motorola.com>
To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>, "Dan York" <dyork@voxeo.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Enjoyable read... Re:
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Count me in!!!

Sam 

-----Original Message-----
From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Paul Kyzivat
Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 2:29 PM
To: Dan York
Cc: sip@ietf.org; Bob Penfield
Subject: Re: [Sip] Enjoyable read... Re: I-DAction:
draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt

humor?

I'm looking forward to cleaning up the details and getting this
approved. Its about time we moved on.

	Paul

Dan York wrote:
> Hadriel,
> 
> Nice piece of work that you and Bob did!   I laughed quite a good bit 
> throughout. 
> 
> Thanks for injecting some humor here,
> Dan
> 
> On Apr 1, 2008, at 3:15 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> Greetings,
>> Given today's relative importance in history - being the date Swiss 
>> farmers had their largest spaghetti crop harvest, Sweden introduced 
>> color television, the USSR connected Kremvax to Usenet, the Alabama 
>> state government changed the value of Pi to 3.0, and much more - we 
>> took it upon ourselves to write up and submit a new Internet-Draft 
>> for an update to RFC 3261 (and a bunch of other RFCs): P2P2PSIP,
a.k.a.
>> SIP v4.0.
>>
>> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
>>
>> Abstract:
>> This document defines a new and improved version of SIP, which tastes

>> great and is less filling than the previous SIP.  This draft updates 
>> all previous and future RFCs related to SIP in SIPPING, SIMPLE, 
>> MMUSIC, BEHAVE, and so on.
>>
>> -hadriel
>> p.s. I apologize for the length of it - it was only 41 pages long 
>> originally, but my co-author demanded it be expanded to 42 pages (for

>> obvious reasons), and thus it's a bit bloated.
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu 
>> <mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu> for questions on current 
>> sip Use sipping@ietf.org <mailto:sipping@ietf.org> for new 
>> developments on the application of sip
> 
> --
> Dan York, CISSP, Director of Emerging Communication Technology
> Office of the CTO    Voxeo Corporation     dyork@voxeo.com 
> <mailto:dyork@voxeo.com>
> Phone: +1-407-455-5859  Skype: danyork  http://www.voxeo.com
> Blogs: http://blogs.voxeo.com  http://www.disruptivetelephony.com
> 
> Build voice applications based on open standards.
> Find out how at http://www.voxeo.com/free
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> --
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use
sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use
sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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Cc: "sip@ietf.org" <sip@ietf.org>, Bob Penfield <BPenfield@acmepacket.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Enjoyable read... Re: I-D
 Action:	draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
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At 01:29 PM 4/1/2008, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
>humor?
>
>I'm looking forward to cleaning up the details and getting this
>approved. Its about time we moved on.

last nit - it needs to explicitly deprecate all currently 
standardized headers by name (not just whimically mention "all others 
present and future are no good anymore") to reduce the last bits of 
potential confusion by readers - and I think this doc is done.

Who's gonna call for consensus on it?


>         Paul
>
>Dan York wrote:
> > Hadriel,
> >
> > Nice piece of work that you and Bob did!   I laughed quite a good bit
> > throughout.
> >
> > Thanks for injecting some humor here,
> > Dan
> >
> > On Apr 1, 2008, at 3:15 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >> Greetings,
> >> Given today's relative importance in history - being the date Swiss
> >> farmers had their largest spaghetti crop harvest, Sweden introduced
> >> color television, the USSR connected Kremvax to Usenet, the Alabama
> >> state government changed the value of Pi to 3.0, and much more - we
> >> took it upon ourselves to write up and submit a new Internet-Draft for
> >> an update to RFC 3261 (and a bunch of other RFCs): P2P2PSIP, a.k.a.
> >> SIP v4.0.
> >>
> >> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> >> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
> >>
> >> Abstract:
> >> This document defines a new and improved version of SIP, which tastes
> >> great and is less filling than the previous SIP.  This draft updates
> >> all previous and future RFCs related to SIP in SIPPING, SIMPLE,
> >> MMUSIC, BEHAVE, and so on.
> >>
> >> -hadriel
> >> p.s. I apologize for the length of it - it was only 41 pages long
> >> originally, but my co-author demanded it be expanded to 42 pages (for
> >> obvious reasons), and thus it's a bit bloated.
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> >> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> >> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu
> >> <mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu> for questions on current sip
> >> Use sipping@ietf.org <mailto:sipping@ietf.org> for new developments on
> >> the application of sip
> >
> > --
> > Dan York, CISSP, Director of Emerging Communication Technology
> > Office of the CTO    Voxeo Corporation     dyork@voxeo.com
> > <mailto:dyork@voxeo.com>
> > Phone: +1-407-455-5859  Skype: danyork  http://www.voxeo.com
> > Blogs: http://blogs.voxeo.com  http://www.disruptivetelephony.com
> >
> > Build voice applications based on open standards.
> > Find out how at http://www.voxeo.com/free
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> > Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>_______________________________________________
>Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Enjoyable read... Re: I-D
	Action:	draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
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References: <E6C2E8958BA59A4FB960963D475F7AC30BCBC8A24A@mail.acmepacket.com><2FB319C8-5072-4F0C-82AF-50F060DDC663@voxeo.com><47F27F03.20703@cisco.com>
	<XFE-SJC-212cx3Vp20N000024e1@xfe-sjc-212.amer.cisco.com>
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Agenda time in Dublin..... !!!!  


Sam 

-----Original Message-----
From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
James M. Polk
Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 4:01 PM
To: Paul Kyzivat; Dan York
Cc: sip@ietf.org; Bob Penfield
Subject: Re: [Sip] Enjoyable read... Re: I-D Action:
draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt

At 01:29 PM 4/1/2008, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
>humor?
>
>I'm looking forward to cleaning up the details and getting this 
>approved. Its about time we moved on.

last nit - it needs to explicitly deprecate all currently standardized
headers by name (not just whimically mention "all others present and
future are no good anymore") to reduce the last bits of potential
confusion by readers - and I think this doc is done.

Who's gonna call for consensus on it?


>         Paul
>
>Dan York wrote:
> > Hadriel,
> >
> > Nice piece of work that you and Bob did!   I laughed quite a good
bit
> > throughout.
> >
> > Thanks for injecting some humor here, Dan
> >
> > On Apr 1, 2008, at 3:15 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >> Greetings,
> >> Given today's relative importance in history - being the date Swiss

> >> farmers had their largest spaghetti crop harvest, Sweden introduced

> >> color television, the USSR connected Kremvax to Usenet, the Alabama

> >> state government changed the value of Pi to 3.0, and much more - we

> >> took it upon ourselves to write up and submit a new Internet-Draft 
> >> for an update to RFC 3261 (and a bunch of other RFCs): P2P2PSIP,
a.k.a.
> >> SIP v4.0.
> >>
> >> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> >> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
> >>
> >> Abstract:
> >> This document defines a new and improved version of SIP, which 
> >> tastes great and is less filling than the previous SIP.  This draft

> >> updates all previous and future RFCs related to SIP in SIPPING, 
> >> SIMPLE, MMUSIC, BEHAVE, and so on.
> >>
> >> -hadriel
> >> p.s. I apologize for the length of it - it was only 41 pages long 
> >> originally, but my co-author demanded it be expanded to 42 pages 
> >> (for obvious reasons), and thus it's a bit bloated.
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> >> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> >> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu 
> >> <mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu> for questions on current 
> >> sip Use sipping@ietf.org <mailto:sipping@ietf.org> for new 
> >> developments on the application of sip
> >
> > --
> > Dan York, CISSP, Director of Emerging Communication Technology
> > Office of the CTO    Voxeo Corporation     dyork@voxeo.com
> > <mailto:dyork@voxeo.com>
> > Phone: +1-407-455-5859  Skype: danyork  http://www.voxeo.com
> > Blogs: http://blogs.voxeo.com  http://www.disruptivetelephony.com
> >
> > Build voice applications based on open standards.
> > Find out how at http://www.voxeo.com/free
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > --------------------------------------------------------------------
> > ----
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>_______________________________________________
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr  1 18:19:22 2008
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From: "Richard Shockey" <richard@shockey.us>
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	"'Paul Kyzivat'" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Enjoyable read... Re:
	I-D	Action:	draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
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I was particularly impressed by the explicit support for RFC 3093

http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3093.txt

We've needed this for a long time.

>  -----Original Message-----
>  From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>  Dean Willis
>  Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 3:32 PM
>  To: Paul Kyzivat
>  Cc: SIP List
>  Subject: Re: [Sip] Enjoyable read... Re: I-D Action: draft-kaplan-sip-
>  four-oh-00.txt
>  
>  
>  On Apr 1, 2008, at 1:29 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
>  > humor?
>  >
>  > I'm looking forward to cleaning up the details and getting this
>  > approved. Its about time we moved on.
>  >
>  
>  That's the scary part. The draft is completely implementable. I'm
>  pretty sure it wouldn't even work all that badly, especially if we cut
>  down a bit on the BRIMSTONE spamming.
>  
>  --
>  Dean
>  
>  _______________________________________________
>  Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>  This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>  Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>  Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr  1 18:53:37 2008
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Subject: [Sip] WGLC Comments on draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-01
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Hi,

I have reviewed draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-01 for WGLC, and have some  
comments. Apologies in advance for getting this in late.

General:

While I do not have many major technical concerns, I think the  
presentation could use some work. I share Miguel's concern that the  
organization of section 4.1 needs work.  More specifics below:

Specific Comments:

Section 4.1 Paragraph 2 (editorial):

"Once these nodes will be
    created, the notification bodies will indicate their content."

I find this sentence confusing. I suggest something like "If this node  
is later created, the notification body will indicate its content."

Section 4.4, paragraph 1(clarity):
"The usage of hierarchical lists and <entry>
    references, etc. can thus be omitted."

You say that the usage of hierarchical lists and <entry> references  
can be omitted. Are they actually being forbidden in this context, or  
do you just mean to say that they are optional? If features of the  
resource list format are forbidden, then this draft needs normative  
language saying explicitly what is not to be used. If you just mean to  
say that they are optional, what are the interoperability issues if  
one device chooses to use them but the peer does not understand them?

"As it is
    anticipated that the XCAP server will be collocated with the SIP
    notifier, the subscriber MAY use relative XCAP URIs."

Is it the authors' intention to require this collocation? That seems  
to be an architectural consequence of allowing relative URIs, unless  
we assert that if an implementation is architected differently, it is  
up to the implementation to be able to dereference relative URIs.

Paragraph 2(editorial):

"If no Accept header is specified to a SUBSCRIBE request, the NOTIFY
    messages will also contain bodies in this MIME type."

I am confused by the word "also" in this context--does this imply that  
the body in this MIME type is in addition to some other body? I think  
you just mean to say that the default is xcap-diff+xml if the Accept  
header is ommitted, but the wording is confusing.

Section 4.7, first paragraph(clarity):

"Once there are superfluous resource
    selections in the requested URI list, the notifier SHOULD NOT  
provide
    overlapping similar responses for these resources."

The sentence is confusing. "Once there are..." implies that there  
_will_ eventually be superfuous resource selections. I think you mean  
to say "If there are..."

"Only the
    resources where the authenticated user has read privilege, will be
    included in the XCAP-Diff format."

That seems like a normative statement that needs normative language.

The  last half of the paragraph is hard to follow, as it intermingles  
three distinct ideas each worthy of its own paragraph. That is, 1)  
Subscriber must have read permissions to see things, 2) Subscriptions  
to elements that don't exist yet are still kept in case the element is  
created in the future, and 3) What happens if the subscriber switches  
event parameters in a re-subscribe.

Also, have we thought about the performance and DoS implications of  
requiring the notifier to keep subscription state for elements that  
may or may not exist at some point in the future? I'm not saying there  
is a problem, but it raises a warning flag to me. I'm willing to  
believe it is okay, but it might be worth some text explaining that.

Paragraph 3 (clarity):

I'm not sure what the MUST applies to here--are you saying that the  
server MUST check for the condition you list as an example, or simply  
that, if the notifier chooses not to send XML-Patch-Ops patches for  
reasons of local policy, it MUST fall back to xcap-patching mode?

Also, I suggest reversing the order of paragraphs 3 and 4, as 4  
introduces the general principle, and 3 is more about corner cases.

Paragraph 5 (clarity):

"RFC 3265 [RFC3265]
    proposes utilization of a "version" attribute information to state
    deltas in chapter 4.4.  Partial-PIDF-Notify
    [I-D.ietf-simple-partial-notify] requires that notifiers will not
    send a new request to the same dialog unless a successful response
    (200 OK) has been received for the last request.  The latter applies
    also to this "xcap-diff" event package."

This is confusing--you mention the version attribute but don't seem to  
indicate its use here. Why mention it at all, except maybe in a  
paragraph explaining why it wasn't chosen? OTOH, you do require the  
partial-pidf-notify approach--this needs some normative language,  
unless it is elsewhere and I missed it.

section 4.8, paragraph 1 (editorial/clarity):

"  However,
    once all atomic XCAP modifications are indicated with both previous
    and new ETags of each resource, it is easy to chain the modification
    list for a document and possibly omit some of the patches based on
    the received ETag (with HTTP) of a document."

s/"once all"/"since all"

"After that the
    subscriber MAY send a re-subscription to start the diff  
"aggregation"
    on the server."

Does this mean to imply the subscriber cannot start out with  
aggregation turned on? (I think this may be another case of presenting  
the edge case without presenting the primary use case first.)

Paragraph 2: (substantive)

You cannot safely use non-sequential CSeq to detect missing NOTIFY  
requests. For example, if the NOTIFY request is challenged by an  
intervening proxy, the subscriber will see non-sequential CSeq values.  
It may be unusual for NOTIFY to get challenged, but unless we forbid  
it, then we cannot depend on CSeq for this purpose.

Paragraph 3 (editorial/clarity):

"...look Section 5.1 of
    [I-D.ietf-simple-xml-patch-ops]..."

s/look/see

"It is
    hardly reasonable to signal this error to the notifier even if the
    error exists in the notifier process."

I think there is an implication here that should be stated explicitly,  
that is, the subscriber does not send a non-2XX response to a NOTIFY  
because of an inability to apply the patch.

Section 4.10 (substantive)

It's not clear to me how this interacts with the "aggregation"  
mechanism. In particular, if the notifier has more than one change in  
the 5 second window, but the subscriber did not allow aggregation, how  
is it handled?

Section 5, figure 3 (clarity):

It would be nice to see this in context of an actual NOTIFY.

Section 6, 2nd paragraph (nit):

There is no need for a bullet list if it contains only one bullet.

Section 7, Security Considerations (substantive)

I think we need more here. What sort of authentication is adequate  
(particularly for authenticating the notifier.) Does the potential  
sensitive content create any need for privacy and integrity protection  
beyond that generically needed for SIP-Events?















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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr  1 19:06:25 2008
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Subject: [Sip] WGLC review of draft-ietf-simple-xcap-diff-08
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(cross posting to SIP at request of SIMPLE chairs.)

Hi,

I just completed a slightly belated WGLC review of draft-ietf-simple- 
xcap-diff-08.

Caveat 1: I am absolutely the worst person in the IETF to review XML  
schema definitions. I hope someone who actually understands those is  
reviewing this draft.

Caveat 2: This draft is only useful if it advances in lockstep with  
the xcapevent draft in SIP. IMHO, If that draft gets significant  
revisions as a result of the WGLC, this draft should probably wait  
with it, as substantive changes there could conceivable have impact  
here.

Other than those caveats, I think this draft is ready to progress.

Thanks!

Ben.


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On Mar 5, 2008, at 1:06 AM, Avasarala Ranjit-A20990 wrote:
> Hi all
>
> What is the current status of this draft?

Some of the functionality was satisfied by RFC 4458. This draft is not  
longer being advanced.


>
>
>
> Regards
> Ranjit
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

_______________________________________________
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
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Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr  1 23:53:27 2008
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From: Enrico Marocco <enrico.marocco@telecomitalia.it>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] I-D Action: draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> p.s. I apologize for the length of it - it was only 41 pages long originally, but my co-author demanded it be expanded to 42 pages (for obvious reasons), and thus it's a bit bloated.

Now I'm sure: this is the answer!  Lovely :-)

-- 
Ciao,
Enrico

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_______________________________________________
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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References: <200803251629.m2PGTC0N025942@dragon.ariadne.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066D81@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><28F05913385EAC43AF019413F674A0171246ED51@OCCLUST04EVS1.ugd.att.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066D85@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><18414.14946.299667.816439@harjus.tutpro.com>
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From: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
To: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>, "Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>,
	"Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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It is clearly not the same as History-Info header as has been explained
in the draft and in several previous threads. It has also been explained
why History-Info can not be used for this as is.

A simple new header with a clear semantics which provides a clean
solution to the problem is therefore not even challenged by the
History-Info header. Instead you should argue why History-Info is so
bloody good that we should use it for this. We just learned that it is
not even usable as a diagnostic tool.

Why carry a whole log of request URI rewrites around when you are only
interested in the current target???

/Hans Erik

-----Original Message-----
From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com] 
Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 6:18 PM
To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals

Any addition of a new header that nobody can explain properly why it's
not the same as History-Info IS rocket science.

It sounds like we are getting paid by the number of URI we add to SIP. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hans Erik van Elburg [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:07
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> The point is that History-Info does not solve the problem so something

> new is needed anyway.
> 
> And proper use of History-Info is rocket science as Dale has shown.
> 
> /Hans Erik
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of 
> Francois Audet
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 2:16 AM
> To: Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> There are existing implementations of History-Info in the field.
> 
> It's not rocket science.
> 
> And I don't see why introducing something else will be simpler. It 
> will just be extra complexity.
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of
> > Juha Heinanen
> > Sent: Saturday, March 29, 2008 05:48
> > To: Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > Christer Holmberg writes:
> > 
> >  > However, I still fail to understand how Target would be more 
> > "complex"
> >  > than e.g. History-Info. 
> > 
> > christer,
> > 
> > ANY solution for anything must be MUCH simpler than history-info, 
> > which is far too complex by itself.
> > 
> > i haven't seen anyone fully implement history-info and most likely 
> > that is because of its complexity.  if you are now going to invent 
> > some other mechanism that is as complex or even more
> complex, it has
> > no change in real world.
> > 
> > i therefore suggest that h-i is deprecated and a replaced
> by a simpler
> 
> > mechanism.
> > 
> > -- juha
> > _______________________________________________
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> > 
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ext Ben Campbell wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I have reviewed draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-01 for WGLC, and have some 
> comments. Apologies in advance for getting this in late.
>
> General:
>
> While I do not have many major technical concerns, I think the 
> presentation could use some work. I share Miguel's concern that the 
> organization of section 4.1 needs work.  More specifics below:
>
right, it will be rephrased

> Specific Comments:
>
> Section 4.1 Paragraph 2 (editorial):
>
> "Once these nodes will be
>    created, the notification bodies will indicate their content."
>
> I find this sentence confusing. I suggest something like "If this node 
> is later created, the notification body will indicate its content."
>
much better phrased.

> Section 4.4, paragraph 1(clarity):
> "The usage of hierarchical lists and <entry>
>    references, etc. can thus be omitted."
>
> You say that the usage of hierarchical lists and <entry> references 
> can be omitted. Are they actually being forbidden in this context, or 
> do you just mean to say that they are optional? If features of the 
> resource list format are forbidden, then this draft needs normative 
> language saying explicitly what is not to be used. If you just mean to 
> say that they are optional, what are the interoperability issues if 
> one device chooses to use them but the peer does not understand them?
>
> "As it is
>    anticipated that the XCAP server will be collocated with the SIP
>    notifier, the subscriber MAY use relative XCAP URIs."
>
> Is it the authors' intention to require this collocation? That seems 
> to be an architectural consequence of allowing relative URIs, unless 
> we assert that if an implementation is architected differently, it is 
> up to the implementation to be able to dereference relative URIs.
>
in practice, the sip notifier must be aware of changes made by another 
protocol, i.e. http in this case. If these servers (notifier & http 
(xcap) daemon) are separated they need some sort of immediate mechanism 
to signal these events. It can be done with some unspecified ways, but 
the most simple one is when they are running on the very same host. 
However, even that simplest case is pretty hard (or complex enough) to 
implement properly (implementation description can be a long story 
although you are using OSS tools, like e.g. linux with Apache + 
xcap_module and some decent Sip stack with all the source code), and the 
intention is to define only the very simplest use-case here. It is not 
ruled out that they were separated but that would be much, much more 
difficult to implement, and there are many obstacles and open issues 
there. So there's magic (outside the scope of this i-d) here how to map 
the sip-uri to the xcap-root-uri, but this, the most simple use-case is 
what i'd expect to be implemented (and maybe, even some minor deployment 
as well ;-)).

Also we agreed with Miguel to be more explicit about this magic, does it 
sound sufficient to you ?
> Paragraph 2(editorial):
>
> "If no Accept header is specified to a SUBSCRIBE request, the NOTIFY
>    messages will also contain bodies in this MIME type."
>
> I am confused by the word "also" in this context--does this imply that 
> the body in this MIME type is in addition to some other body? I think 
> you just mean to say that the default is xcap-diff+xml if the Accept 
> header is ommitted, but the wording is confusing.
>
right, by bad finglish.
> Section 4.7, first paragraph(clarity):
>
> "Once there are superfluous resource
>    selections in the requested URI list, the notifier SHOULD NOT provide
>    overlapping similar responses for these resources."
>
> The sentence is confusing. "Once there are..." implies that there 
> _will_ eventually be superfuous resource selections. I think you mean 
> to say "If there are..."
right again.
>
> "Only the
>    resources where the authenticated user has read privilege, will be
>    included in the XCAP-Diff format."
>
> That seems like a normative statement that needs normative language.
>
again.
> The  last half of the paragraph is hard to follow, as it intermingles 
> three distinct ideas each worthy of its own paragraph. That is, 1) 
> Subscriber must have read permissions to see things, 2) Subscriptions 
> to elements that don't exist yet are still kept in case the element is 
> created in the future, and 3) What happens if the subscriber switches 
> event parameters in a re-subscribe.
I'll try to clarify it by a separation.
>
>
> Also, have we thought about the performance and DoS implications of 
> requiring the notifier to keep subscription state for elements that 
> may or may not exist at some point in the future? I'm not saying there 
> is a problem, but it raises a warning flag to me. I'm willing to 
> believe it is okay, but it might be worth some text explaining that.
good point. there are other ways to introduce DoS as well since 
diff-processing of many resources MAY be way too process-intensive.  
I'll add that in the security section.
>
> Paragraph 3 (clarity):
>
> I'm not sure what the MUST applies to here--are you saying that the 
> server MUST check for the condition you list as an example, or simply 
> that, if the notifier chooses not to send XML-Patch-Ops patches for 
> reasons of local policy, it MUST fall back to xcap-patching mode?
the reason to drop the aggregation mode for that particular resource is 
that once the client have to use http, it might get out-of-sync (with 
"rapidly" changing resources), the rule is to be certain that it will 
not happen. I'll try to clarify.
>
> Also, I suggest reversing the order of paragraphs 3 and 4, as 4 
> introduces the general principle, and 3 is more about corner cases.
>
ok.
> Paragraph 5 (clarity):
>
> "RFC 3265 [RFC3265]
>    proposes utilization of a "version" attribute information to state
>    deltas in chapter 4.4.  Partial-PIDF-Notify
>    [I-D.ietf-simple-partial-notify] requires that notifiers will not
>    send a new request to the same dialog unless a successful response
>    (200 OK) has been received for the last request.  The latter applies
>    also to this "xcap-diff" event package."
>
> This is confusing--you mention the version attribute but don't seem to 
> indicate its use here. Why mention it at all, except maybe in a 
> paragraph explaining why it wasn't chosen? OTOH, you do require the 
> partial-pidf-notify approach--this needs some normative language, 
> unless it is elsewhere and I missed it.
yep, this was notified by Miguel also

>
>
> section 4.8, paragraph 1 (editorial/clarity):
>
> "  However,
>    once all atomic XCAP modifications are indicated with both previous
>    and new ETags of each resource, it is easy to chain the modification
>    list for a document and possibly omit some of the patches based on
>    the received ETag (with HTTP) of a document."
>
> s/"once all"/"since all"
ok.
>
> "After that the
>    subscriber MAY send a re-subscription to start the diff "aggregation"
>    on the server."
>
> Does this mean to imply the subscriber cannot start out with 
> aggregation turned on? (I think this may be another case of presenting 
> the edge case without presenting the primary use case first.)
it can try to start in the aggregate mode straight away, but it may 
fail. So the safe way is to disable aggregation first before sync is 
achieved and enable it afterwards. I think I'll add something about this 
into those dreaded examples (in an appendix)
>
>
> Paragraph 2: (substantive)
>
> You cannot safely use non-sequential CSeq to detect missing NOTIFY 
> requests. For example, if the NOTIFY request is challenged by an 
> intervening proxy, the subscriber will see non-sequential CSeq values. 
> It may be unusual for NOTIFY to get challenged, but unless we forbid 
> it, then we cannot depend on CSeq for this purpose.
ok, didn't think about that at all.
>
> Paragraph 3 (editorial/clarity):
>
> "...look Section 5.1 of
>    [I-D.ietf-simple-xml-patch-ops]..."
>
> s/look/see
ok.
>
> "It is
>    hardly reasonable to signal this error to the notifier even if the
>    error exists in the notifier process."
>
> I think there is an implication here that should be stated explicitly, 
> that is, the subscriber does not send a non-2XX response to a NOTIFY 
> because of an inability to apply the patch.
>
right.
> Section 4.10 (substantive)
>
> It's not clear to me how this interacts with the "aggregation" 
> mechanism. In particular, if the notifier has more than one change in 
> the 5 second window, but the subscriber did not allow aggregation, how 
> is it handled?
yep this is indeed _difficult_. Easy to write (one sentence only), but 
really, really hard to implement properly ;-). First off there's a 
SHOULD directive fortunately... I'm not 100 % sure if you mean that 
xcap-patching is also disabled. So there's not a big difference in this 
context whether you have aggregation or xcap-patching modes, since in 
the xcap-patching mode you will see changes e.g. from "a" to "b" to "c" 
with all corresponding Etags while in the aggregate mode you'll see e.g. 
only changes from "a" to "c" in the notification body without the 
intermediate state. Certainly aggregation body is smaller but it fails 
to show the versioning history and the diff formats differ, but the end 
result will be the same certainly, i.e. "c". So _if_ you obey the timer, 
you wait for it to expire and then send the result in both cases (and of 
course during this timer interval you wait for any changes in these 
resources, and do something relevant, e.g. store internal object 
states).  If there's not any patching modes applied, then you should 
wait for the timer to expire and send appropriate actions, i.e. 
document(s) has either been created, modified or deleted. IIRC, in 
partial PIDF where we use the exact same patchings there's not a single 
line about this since this timer is inherited from the base PIDF 
package. In summary, you just don't have to do anything mysterious with 
timers except wait for a certain period of time. In practice, it happens 
to be quite a challenging task (but these specs usually _ignore_ the 
implementation PITA ;-))
>
> Section 5, figure 3 (clarity):
>
> It would be nice to see this in context of an actual NOTIFY.
I'll try to digest something into an appendix. That being said, the 
important things are bodies...

>
> Section 6, 2nd paragraph (nit):
>
> There is no need for a bullet list if it contains only one bullet.
right.
>
> Section 7, Security Considerations (substantive)
>
> I think we need more here. What sort of authentication is adequate 
> (particularly for authenticating the notifier.) Does the potential 
> sensitive content create any need for privacy and integrity protection 
> beyond that generically needed for SIP-Events?
>
yep, besides DoS TLS & S/MIME recommendations some text about identity 
"mapping" between http & sip would be reasonable. Anything else ?

THANKS Ben,

Jari

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ext Ben Campbell wrote:
> (cross posting to SIP at request of SIMPLE chairs.)
>
> Hi,
>
> I just completed a slightly belated WGLC review of 
> draft-ietf-simple-xcap-diff-08.
>
> Caveat 1: I am absolutely the worst person in the IETF to review XML 
> schema definitions. I hope someone who actually understands those is 
> reviewing this draft.
>
well, at least these validate with <http://validate.openlaboratory.net>...
> Caveat 2: This draft is only useful if it advances in lockstep with 
> the xcapevent draft in SIP. IMHO, If that draft gets significant 
> revisions as a result of the WGLC, this draft should probably wait 
> with it, as substantive changes there could conceivable have impact here.
>
> Other than those caveats, I think this draft is ready to progress.
>
> Thanks!
>
> Ben.
>
yep, these are definitely coupled anyways.

thanks, Jari


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From: "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>
To: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>,
	"Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>, "Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>,
	"Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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We would prefer Target-URI as it is simpler and predictable. These are
high on the evaluation criteria for operators. 

-----Original Message-----
From: Hans Erik van Elburg [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 5:43 AM
To: Francois Audet; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals

It is clearly not the same as History-Info header as has been explained
in the draft and in several previous threads. It has also been explained
why History-Info can not be used for this as is.

A simple new header with a clear semantics which provides a clean
solution to the problem is therefore not even challenged by the
History-Info header. Instead you should argue why History-Info is so
bloody good that we should use it for this. We just learned that it is
not even usable as a diagnostic tool.

Why carry a whole log of request URI rewrites around when you are only
interested in the current target???

/Hans Erik

-----Original Message-----
From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com] 
Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 6:18 PM
To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals

Any addition of a new header that nobody can explain properly why it's
not the same as History-Info IS rocket science.

It sounds like we are getting paid by the number of URI we add to SIP. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hans Erik van Elburg [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:07
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> The point is that History-Info does not solve the problem so something

> new is needed anyway.
> 
> And proper use of History-Info is rocket science as Dale has shown.
> 
> /Hans Erik
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of 
> Francois Audet
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 2:16 AM
> To: Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> There are existing implementations of History-Info in the field.
> 
> It's not rocket science.
> 
> And I don't see why introducing something else will be simpler. It 
> will just be extra complexity.
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of
> > Juha Heinanen
> > Sent: Saturday, March 29, 2008 05:48
> > To: Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > Christer Holmberg writes:
> > 
> >  > However, I still fail to understand how Target would be more 
> > "complex"
> >  > than e.g. History-Info. 
> > 
> > christer,
> > 
> > ANY solution for anything must be MUCH simpler than history-info, 
> > which is far too complex by itself.
> > 
> > i haven't seen anyone fully implement history-info and most likely 
> > that is because of its complexity.  if you are now going to invent 
> > some other mechanism that is as complex or even more
> complex, it has
> > no change in real world.
> > 
> > i therefore suggest that h-i is deprecated and a replaced
> by a simpler
> 
> > mechanism.
> > 
> > -- juha
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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From: Salvatore Loreto <salvatore.loreto@ericsson.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] WGLC for draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-01
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Hi,

for me the I-D is fine as is and I have no major comments that need to 
be addressed by the authors.

Sal

DRAGE, Keith (Keith) wrote:
> (As SIP WG chair)
>
> This WGLC ended yesterday, and as far as I can see, we have only
> received one set of comments, implying that only one member of the WG
> has reviewed the document.
>
> Two requests:
>
> -	If you have reviewed the document, and consider it so perfect
> that you have no comments, please indicate this to the list. 
>
> -	If you can find time to review the document, please send the sip
> chairs a mail indicating that you are willing to do so, and when you
> expect to do this by.
>
> Finally, if you have reviewed the document, but have not yet got around
> to sending your comments, please post them as soon as possible.
>
> Regards
>
> Keith
>
>   
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
>> Behalf Of DRAGE, Keith (Keith)
>> Sent: Monday, March 10, 2008 11:19 PM
>> To: IETF SIP List
>> Subject: [Sip] WGLC for draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-01
>>
>> (As SIP WG cochair)
>>
>> In parallel with the WGLC on xcap-diff in the message below 
>> (as these are related drafts), this is to initiate a WGLC on:
>>
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-01.txt 
>>
>> Comments should be sent to the SIP list and to the editor by 
>> 31st March 2008, ie. This is a 3 week WGLC to take into 
>> account the overlap with the current IETF meeting.
>>
>> Please take some steps to indicate the severity of the 
>> comment (from NIT through to major technical).
>>
>> Obviously please follow the requirements below for comments 
>> on the related draft.
>>
>> Regards
>>
>> Keith
>>
>>
>>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Robert Sparks [mailto:rjsparks@nostrum.com]
>> Sent: Monday, March 10, 2008 10:23 PM
>> To: simple mailing list
>> Cc: Jari Urpalainen; sip-chairs@tools.ietf.org
>> Subject: WGLC: draft-ietf-simple-xcap-diff-08
>>
>> Folks -
>>
>> This is a Working Group Last Call for comments on 
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-simple-xcap-diff-08.txt
>>
>> The editor for draft-ietf-simple-xcap-diff and 
>> draft-ietf-sip- xcapevent has indicated these drafts are 
>> ready for WGLC.
>> We're coordinating the LC time between the two working groups.
>>
>> Please have your comments to the editor/list by three weeks 
>> from today (March 31,2008).
>>
>> Thanks,
>>
>> RjS
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip 
>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>
>>     
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>
>   


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Hi,<br>
<br>
for me the I-D is fine as is and I have no major comments that need to
be addressed by the authors.<br>
<br>
Sal<br>
<br>
DRAGE, Keith (Keith) wrote:
<blockquote
 cite="mid:5D1A7985295922448D5550C94DE2918001D9F37F@DEEXC1U01.de.lucent.com"
 type="cite">
  <pre wrap="">(As SIP WG chair)

This WGLC ended yesterday, and as far as I can see, we have only
received one set of comments, implying that only one member of the WG
has reviewed the document.

Two requests:

-	If you have reviewed the document, and consider it so perfect
that you have no comments, please indicate this to the list. 

-	If you can find time to review the document, please send the sip
chairs a mail indicating that you are willing to do so, and when you
expect to do this by.

Finally, if you have reviewed the document, but have not yet got around
to sending your comments, please post them as soon as possible.

Regards

Keith

  </pre>
  <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="">-----Original Message-----
From: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org">sip-bounces@ietf.org</a> [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On 
Behalf Of DRAGE, Keith (Keith)
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2008 11:19 PM
To: IETF SIP List
Subject: [Sip] WGLC for draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-01

(As SIP WG cochair)

In parallel with the WGLC on xcap-diff in the message below 
(as these are related drafts), this is to initiate a WGLC on:

<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-01.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-01.txt</a> 

Comments should be sent to the SIP list and to the editor by 
31st March 2008, ie. This is a 3 week WGLC to take into 
account the overlap with the current IETF meeting.

Please take some steps to indicate the severity of the 
comment (from NIT through to major technical).

Obviously please follow the requirements below for comments 
on the related draft.

Regards

Keith



-----Original Message-----
From: Robert Sparks [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:rjsparks@nostrum.com">mailto:rjsparks@nostrum.com</a>]
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2008 10:23 PM
To: simple mailing list
Cc: Jari Urpalainen; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:sip-chairs@tools.ietf.org">sip-chairs@tools.ietf.org</a>
Subject: WGLC: draft-ietf-simple-xcap-diff-08

Folks -

This is a Working Group Last Call for comments on 
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-simple-xcap-diff-08.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-simple-xcap-diff-08.txt</a>

The editor for draft-ietf-simple-xcap-diff and 
draft-ietf-sip- xcapevent has indicated these drafts are 
ready for WGLC.
We're coordinating the LC time between the two working groups.

Please have your comments to the editor/list by three weeks 
from today (March 31,2008).

Thanks,

RjS

_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip</a>
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu">sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu</a> for questions on current sip 
Use <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:sipping@ietf.org">sipping@ietf.org</a> for new developments on the application of sip

    </pre>
  </blockquote>
  <pre wrap=""><!---->_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip</a>
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu">sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu</a> for questions on current sip
Use <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:sipping@ietf.org">sipping@ietf.org</a> for new developments on the application of sip

  </pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
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_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
--===============0723479245==--


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On Apr 1, 2008, at 9:19 PM, Richard Shockey wrote:

> I was particularly impressed by the explicit support for RFC 3093
>
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3093.txt
>
> We've needed this for a long time.

Which effectively defines HTTP as the new waist of the Internet  
hourglass, eh?

(in contrast to http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-rosenberg-internet- 
waist-hourglass-00.txt )

:-)
Dan

-- 
Dan York, CISSP, Director of Emerging Communication Technology
Office of the CTO    Voxeo Corporation     dyork@voxeo.com
Phone: +1-407-455-5859  Skype: danyork  http://www.voxeo.com
Blogs: http://blogs.voxeo.com  http://www.disruptivetelephony.com

Build voice applications based on open standards.
Find out how at http://www.voxeo.com/free






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<html><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">
<br><div><html>On Apr 1, 2008, at 9:19 PM, Richard Shockey =
wrote:</html><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">I was particularly impressed by =
the explicit support for RFC 3093</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><br></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><a =
href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3093.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc30=
93.txt</a></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">We've needed this for a long =
time.</div></blockquote><br></div><div>Which effectively defines HTTP as =
the new waist of the Internet hourglass, =
eh?</div><div><br></div><div>(in contrast to=A0<a =
href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-rosenberg-internet-waist-hourglass-=
00.txt">http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-rosenberg-internet-waist-hourglass-=
00.txt</a> =
)</div><div><br></div><div>:-)</div><div>Dan</div><div><br></div><div> =
<span class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"border-collapse: separate; =
color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; =
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; =
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: =
auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; =
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><span class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: =
0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); =
font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; =
font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; =
line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; =
text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; =
orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">--=A0</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Dan York, =
CISSP, Director of Emerging Communication Technology</div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Office of the CTO=A0 =A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span>Voxeo Corporation<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span>=A0 =A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><a =
href=3D"mailto:dyork@voxeo.com">dyork@voxeo.com</a></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Phone: +1-407-455-5859=A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span>Skype: danyork=A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><a =
href=3D"http://www.voxeo.com">http://www.voxeo.com</a></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Blogs: <a =
href=3D"http://blogs.voxeo.com">http://blogs.voxeo.com</a>=A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><a =
href=3D"http://www.disruptivetelephony.com">http://www.disruptivetelephony=
.com</a></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal =
12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Build voice applications based on open =
standards.</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Find out how at <a =
href=3D"http://www.voxeo.com/free">http://www.voxeo.com/free</a></div><div=
 style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; =
min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal =
normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></div><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"></span></span><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"> </div><br></body></html>=

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_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
--===============2116671306==--


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr  2 07:55:46 2008
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Date: Wed, 02 Apr 2008 08:55:09 -0600
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To: "sip@ietf.org" <sip@ietf.org>, simple mailing list <simple@ietf.org>, 
	XMPP Extension Discussion List <standards@xmpp.org>
Subject: [Sip] new SIP-XMPP list
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FYI, some folks who want to better define interworking between SIP and
XMPP have started an informal discussion list. You can subscribe via
either of the following URLs:

   http://mail.jabber.org/mailman/listinfo/sip-xmpp

   mailto:sip-xmpp-request@xmpp.org

The intended outcome of these efforts is a full set of I-Ds that define
mappings for addresses, presence, "pager mode" messages, 1-to-1 chat
sessions (via MSRP on the SIP side), multiparty chat sessions (via MSRP
on the SIP side and MUC on the XMPP side), multimedia sessions (via
Jingle on the XMPP side), and eventually even features like file
transfer, notifications, and device capabilities.

We may also request a BOF at a future IETF meeting for the purpose of
forming a working group or exploratory group (in accordance with RFC
5111). However, that is yet to be determined. Right now we're just
hashing out some of the issues involved with interworking, so if you
have an interest in the topic, feel free to join the list.

Thanks!

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/


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_______________________________________________
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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--===============1748979953==--


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr  2 08:42:20 2008
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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From: "Ian Elz" <ian.elz@ericsson.com>
To: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>,
	"Mary Barnes" <mary.barnes@nortel.com>,
	"Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>,
	"Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>,
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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Francois,

You have missed one vital issue relating to History-Info.

You cannot use a tel URI in History-Info as RFC3966 does not allow you
to use header parameters. H-I uses header parameters for Reason and
Privacy in H-I entries.

To use a tel URI in a H-I entry requires that you convert it to a sip
URI which requires that a suitable domain be found to create a valid
entry.

-----Original Message-----
From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com] 
Sent: 01 April 2008 17:30
To: Mary Barnes; Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals

The biggest problems with History-Info (IMHO) are:

- It is written so that the UAC may generate the first History-Info
entry
  or (more typically), it's proxy will. Creates some confusion on who
does what.
- It's optional
- The number of entries can be pruned by proxies, making the content
unreliable.
- The last hop (i.e., replacing with contact) is not made obvious in the
list (the
  whole point of this discussion).
- People have used it as a replacement to diversion-header, i.e., to map
to 
  ISDN redirection number information. <--- This is the biggest problem

All of those could be solve by a -bis.

(There are also a few minor mistakes in some of the flows).

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Barnes, Mary (RICH2:AR00) 
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 06:28
> To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha 
> Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> The proper use of History-Info isn't rocket science, but it 
> does require careful reading of the spec and proper 
> implementation (i.e., I agree if you don't implement the spec 
> properly, then it is a mess but that can be the case for any 
> spec that isn't implemented properly). There are some 
> inaccuracies in one of Dale's examples on forking that makes 
> it look far more error prone and problematic than it should 
> be. I'll respond separately with details.  
> 
> Mary. 
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Hans Erik van Elburg
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 3:07 AM
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> The point is that History-Info does not solve the problem so 
> something new is needed anyway.
> 
> And proper use of History-Info is rocket science as Dale has shown.
> 
> /Hans Erik
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Francois Audet
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 2:16 AM
> To: Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> There are existing implementations of History-Info in the field.
> 
> It's not rocket science.
> 
> And I don't see why introducing something else will be 
> simpler. It will just be extra complexity. 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of 
> > Juha Heinanen
> > Sent: Saturday, March 29, 2008 05:48
> > To: Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > Christer Holmberg writes:
> > 
> >  > However, I still fail to understand how Target would be more 
> > "complex"
> >  > than e.g. History-Info. 
> > 
> > christer,
> > 
> > ANY solution for anything must be MUCH simpler than history-info, 
> > which is far too complex by itself.
> > 
> > i haven't seen anyone fully implement history-info and most likely 
> > that is because of its complexity.  if you are now going to invent 
> > some other mechanism that is as complex or even more 
> complex, it has 
> > no change in real world.
> > 
> > i therefore suggest that h-i is deprecated and a replaced 
> by a simpler
> 
> > mechanism.
> > 
> > -- juha
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip 
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application 
> of sip _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip 
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 

_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Enrico Marocco <enrico.marocco@telecomitalia.it>
Date: Wed, 2 Apr 2008 12:08:20 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] I-D Action: draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
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Actually, what's really funny is the previous version really *was* 41 pages long and Bob really *did* insist I add something to make it 42 pages long (for obvious reasons).  The major piece I added to do so was page 4, with the two words "DON'T PANIC".
:)

-hadriel


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Enrico Marocco [mailto:enrico.marocco@telecomitalia.it]
> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 4:53 AM
> To: Hadriel Kaplan
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Bob Penfield
> Subject: Re: [Sip] I-D Action: draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
>
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> > p.s. I apologize for the length of it - it was only 41 pages long
> originally, but my co-author demanded it be expanded to 42 pages (for
> obvious reasons), and thus it's a bit bloated.
>
> Now I'm sure: this is the answer!  Lovely :-)
>
> --
> Ciao,
> Enrico
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Thanks for the quick response. My comments for anything that still  
seems like an open issue are inline:


On Apr 2, 2008, at 5:04 AM, Jari Urpalainen wrote:
> ext Ben Campbell wrote:

[...]

>> Section 4.4, paragraph 1(clarity):
>> "The usage of hierarchical lists and <entry>
>>   references, etc. can thus be omitted."
>>
>> You say that the usage of hierarchical lists and <entry> references  
>> can be omitted. Are they actually being forbidden in this context,  
>> or do you just mean to say that they are optional? If features of  
>> the resource list format are forbidden, then this draft needs  
>> normative language saying explicitly what is not to be used. If you  
>> just mean to say that they are optional, what are the  
>> interoperability issues if one device chooses to use them but the  
>> peer does not understand them?

Do you have any thoughts concerning the above comment?

>>
>>
>> "As it is
>>   anticipated that the XCAP server will be collocated with the SIP
>>   notifier, the subscriber MAY use relative XCAP URIs."
>>
>> Is it the authors' intention to require this collocation? That  
>> seems to be an architectural consequence of allowing relative URIs,  
>> unless we assert that if an implementation is architected  
>> differently, it is up to the implementation to be able to  
>> dereference relative URIs.
>>
> in practice, the sip notifier must be aware of changes made by  
> another protocol, i.e. http in this case. If these servers (notifier  
> & http (xcap) daemon) are separated they need some sort of immediate  
> mechanism to signal these events. It can be done with some  
> unspecified ways, but the most simple one is when they are running  
> on the very same host. However, even that simplest case is pretty  
> hard (or complex enough) to implement properly (implementation  
> description can be a long story although you are using OSS tools,  
> like e.g. linux with Apache + xcap_module and some decent Sip stack  
> with all the source code), and the intention is to define only the  
> very simplest use-case here. It is not ruled out that they were  
> separated but that would be much, much more difficult to implement,  
> and there are many obstacles and open issues there. So there's magic  
> (outside the scope of this i-d) here how to map the sip-uri to the  
> xcap-root-uri, but this, the most simple use-case is what i'd expect  
> to be implemented (and maybe, even some minor deployment as well ;-)).
>
> Also we agreed with Miguel to be more explicit about this magic,  
> does it sound sufficient to you ?

Likely. As long as we mention the need for the notifier to learn about  
changes at the XCAP server, and that such mechanisms are out of scope  
for this document. It makes sense to mention collocation as an example  
way to solve this, but it's only an example.

[...]

>>
>> Paragraph 3 (clarity):
>>
>> I'm not sure what the MUST applies to here--are you saying that the  
>> server MUST check for the condition you list as an example, or  
>> simply that, if the notifier chooses not to send XML-Patch-Ops  
>> patches for reasons of local policy, it MUST fall back to xcap- 
>> patching mode?
> the reason to drop the aggregation mode for that particular resource  
> is that once the client have to use http, it might get out-of-sync  
> (with "rapidly" changing resources), the rule is to be certain that  
> it will not happen. I'll try to clarify.

Thanks. I think it would be helpful to have a section dedicated  
describing the issue, and mention the ways to work around it.

[...]

>>
>> "After that the
>>   subscriber MAY send a re-subscription to start the diff  
>> "aggregation"
>>   on the server."
>>
>> Does this mean to imply the subscriber cannot start out with  
>> aggregation turned on? (I think this may be another case of  
>> presenting the edge case without presenting the primary use case  
>> first.)
> it can try to start in the aggregate mode straight away, but it may  
> fail. So the safe way is to disable aggregation first before sync is  
> achieved and enable it afterwards. I think I'll add something about  
> this into those dreaded examples (in an appendix)

See my previous comment about having a separate section to describe  
the issue and possible solutions. It's also important that we are  
clear on whether the delayed activation of "aggregation" mode is  
simply an optional solution to a potential issue, or is a normative  
requirement.

>
>>
>>
>> Paragraph 2: (substantive)
>>
>> You cannot safely use non-sequential CSeq to detect missing NOTIFY  
>> requests. For example, if the NOTIFY request is challenged by an  
>> intervening proxy, the subscriber will see non-sequential CSeq  
>> values. It may be unusual for NOTIFY to get challenged, but unless  
>> we forbid it, then we cannot depend on CSeq for this purpose.
> ok, didn't think about that at all.

This one needs some thought, then. There are actually a lot more  
causes than just digest challenges that may cause the client to see  
non-sequential CSeqs. If detection of lost notifies is critical, we  
need another solution (either to detect lost notifies or to remove the  
need to do so.)

>> Section 4.10 (substantive)
>>
>> It's not clear to me how this interacts with the "aggregation"  
>> mechanism. In particular, if the notifier has more than one change  
>> in the 5 second window, but the subscriber did not allow  
>> aggregation, how is it handled?
> yep this is indeed _difficult_. Easy to write (one sentence only),  
> but really, really hard to implement properly ;-). First off there's  
> a SHOULD directive fortunately... I'm not 100 % sure if you mean  
> that xcap-patching is also disabled. So there's not a big difference  
> in this context whether you have aggregation or xcap-patching modes,  
> since in the xcap-patching mode you will see changes e.g. from "a"  
> to "b" to "c" with all corresponding Etags while in the aggregate  
> mode you'll see e.g. only changes from "a" to "c" in the  
> notification body without the intermediate state. Certainly  
> aggregation body is smaller but it fails to show the versioning  
> history and the diff formats differ, but the end result will be the  
> same certainly, i.e. "c". So _if_ you obey the timer, you wait for  
> it to expire and then send the result in both cases (and of course  
> during this timer interval you wait for any changes in these  
> resources, and do something relevant, e.g. store internal object  
> states).  If there's not any patching modes applied, then you should  
> wait for the timer to expire and send appropriate actions, i.e.  
> document(s) has either been created, modified or deleted.

I'm not sure I understand what you mean on the last two sentences--can  
you give an example?

> IIRC, in partial PIDF where we use the exact same patchings there's  
> not a single line about this since this timer is inherited from the  
> base PIDF package. In summary, you just don't have to do anything  
> mysterious with timers except wait for a certain period of time. In  
> practice, it happens to be quite a challenging task (but these specs  
> usually _ignore_ the implementation PITA ;-))

It's still not clear to me if this is just a "hard implementation"  
problem or if it is really a conflict in normative requirements.  
Coding aside, what do you expect the most commen behavior to be if  
multiple changes occur inside the 5 second window, but the client has  
not allowed aggregation? (The example requested above might help me  
understand this.)

>
>>
>> Section 5, figure 3 (clarity):
>>
>> It would be nice to see this in context of an actual NOTIFY.
> I'll try to digest something into an appendix. That being said, the  
> important things are bodies...

To some degree, it is up to the companion draft to define the body in  
detail--this draft really talks about the SIP-event package, so I do  
think it is appropriate to show real message flows including the SIP  
parts.

[...]

>>
>> Section 7, Security Considerations (substantive)
>>
>> I think we need more here. What sort of authentication is adequate  
>> (particularly for authenticating the notifier.) Does the potential  
>> sensitive content create any need for privacy and integrity  
>> protection beyond that generically needed for SIP-Events?
>>
> yep, besides DoS TLS & S/MIME recommendations some text about  
> identity "mapping" between http & sip would be reasonable. Anything  
> else ?

I had not thought of the identity mapping issue--that discussion  
always seems to get more "interesting" than you might expect :-)  It  
might be worth adding SIPS thoughts to any TLS discussion.

Thanks!

Ben.
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr  2 09:19:53 2008
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>,
	"Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>,
	"Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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The loose-route proposal is clear, but attempts to solve a much larger problem.

The new header proposal is very far from clear, as was demonstrated by the
mailing list discussion, where nobody seems to agree on what the header 
was supposed to mean. Most people didn't understand why it was different
than the P-Called-ID (or whatever that was). 

Furthermore, what would that header actually mean? Is is the original 
target as inserted by the first UAC? If so, why is it different than the 
To header? Is it the target as modified by the originating domain's proxy 
(for example, "fixing" the phone number to make it into a real E.164 number
in a Tel or SIP URI?)? Or is it the last retargeting address? Or any 
retargeting in between? And how do you define retargeting in the first place?

The answers that Christer provided actually confused people who tought they
understood the proposal (i.e., people who tought we were talking about the 
P-Called header).

And finally, somebody needs to demonstrate how this can not overlap with
History-Info. Saying its "simpler" is misleading. It's simpler until we 
analyse completely what we are actually shooting for.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hans Erik van Elburg [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 02:43
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> It is clearly not the same as History-Info header as has been 
> explained in the draft and in several previous threads. It 
> has also been explained why History-Info can not be used for 
> this as is.
> 
> A simple new header with a clear semantics which provides a 
> clean solution to the problem is therefore not even 
> challenged by the History-Info header. Instead you should 
> argue why History-Info is so bloody good that we should use 
> it for this. We just learned that it is not even usable as a 
> diagnostic tool.
> 
> Why carry a whole log of request URI rewrites around when you 
> are only interested in the current target???
> 
> /Hans Erik
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 6:18 PM
> To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> Any addition of a new header that nobody can explain properly 
> why it's not the same as History-Info IS rocket science.
> 
> It sounds like we are getting paid by the number of URI we 
> add to SIP. 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Hans Erik van Elburg [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:07
> > To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > The point is that History-Info does not solve the problem 
> so something
> 
> > new is needed anyway.
> > 
> > And proper use of History-Info is rocket science as Dale has shown.
> > 
> > /Hans Erik
> > 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of 
> > Francois Audet
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 2:16 AM
> > To: Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > There are existing implementations of History-Info in the field.
> > 
> > It's not rocket science.
> > 
> > And I don't see why introducing something else will be simpler. It 
> > will just be extra complexity.
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > Behalf Of
> > > Juha Heinanen
> > > Sent: Saturday, March 29, 2008 05:48
> > > To: Christer Holmberg
> > > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > > 
> > > Christer Holmberg writes:
> > > 
> > >  > However, I still fail to understand how Target would be more 
> > > "complex"
> > >  > than e.g. History-Info. 
> > > 
> > > christer,
> > > 
> > > ANY solution for anything must be MUCH simpler than history-info, 
> > > which is far too complex by itself.
> > > 
> > > i haven't seen anyone fully implement history-info and 
> most likely 
> > > that is because of its complexity.  if you are now going 
> to invent 
> > > some other mechanism that is as complex or even more
> > complex, it has
> > > no change in real world.
> > > 
> > > i therefore suggest that h-i is deprecated and a replaced
> > by a simpler
> > 
> > > mechanism.
> > > 
> > > -- juha
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> 
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Ian Elz" <ian.elz@ericsson.com>, "Mary Barnes" <mary.barnes@nortel.com>, 
	"Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>,
	"Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>,
	"Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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That's not a problem with History-Info, it's a "problem" with Tel URIs.

Tel URIs doesn't allow to use "?Reason=302" or whatever, which makes sense
because Tel URIs are not necessarily used by SIP. It could be used by
PSTN, H.323, whatever you want. So allowing SIP parameters in there (like
embedded SIP headers) makes no sense. If you want to force
SIP, don't use a Tel URI.

Why are we talking about these types of parameters in the first place?

If we need to add something to History-Info to clarify the target parameter
(whatever that means), then it should be a History Info parameter, not
a URI parameter. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Ian Elz [mailto:ian.elz@ericsson.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 08:38
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Barnes, Mary (RICH2:AR00); 
> Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> Francois,
> 
> You have missed one vital issue relating to History-Info.
> 
> You cannot use a tel URI in History-Info as RFC3966 does not 
> allow you to use header parameters. H-I uses header 
> parameters for Reason and Privacy in H-I entries.
> 
> To use a tel URI in a H-I entry requires that you convert it 
> to a sip URI which requires that a suitable domain be found 
> to create a valid entry.
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> Sent: 01 April 2008 17:30
> To: Mary Barnes; Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; 
> Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> The biggest problems with History-Info (IMHO) are:
> 
> - It is written so that the UAC may generate the first 
> History-Info entry
>   or (more typically), it's proxy will. Creates some 
> confusion on who does what.
> - It's optional
> - The number of entries can be pruned by proxies, making the 
> content unreliable.
> - The last hop (i.e., replacing with contact) is not made 
> obvious in the list (the
>   whole point of this discussion).
> - People have used it as a replacement to diversion-header, 
> i.e., to map to
>   ISDN redirection number information. <--- This is the 
> biggest problem
> 
> All of those could be solve by a -bis.
> 
> (There are also a few minor mistakes in some of the flows).
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Barnes, Mary (RICH2:AR00)
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 06:28
> > To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); 
> Juha Heinanen; 
> > Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > The proper use of History-Info isn't rocket science, but it does 
> > require careful reading of the spec and proper 
> implementation (i.e., I 
> > agree if you don't implement the spec properly, then it is 
> a mess but 
> > that can be the case for any spec that isn't implemented properly). 
> > There are some inaccuracies in one of Dale's examples on 
> forking that 
> > makes it look far more error prone and problematic than it 
> should be. 
> > I'll respond separately with details.
> > 
> > Mary. 
> > 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of 
> > Hans Erik van Elburg
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 3:07 AM
> > To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > The point is that History-Info does not solve the problem 
> so something 
> > new is needed anyway.
> > 
> > And proper use of History-Info is rocket science as Dale has shown.
> > 
> > /Hans Erik
> > 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of 
> > Francois Audet
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 2:16 AM
> > To: Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > There are existing implementations of History-Info in the field.
> > 
> > It's not rocket science.
> > 
> > And I don't see why introducing something else will be simpler. It 
> > will just be extra complexity.
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > Behalf Of
> > > Juha Heinanen
> > > Sent: Saturday, March 29, 2008 05:48
> > > To: Christer Holmberg
> > > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > > 
> > > Christer Holmberg writes:
> > > 
> > >  > However, I still fail to understand how Target would be more 
> > > "complex"
> > >  > than e.g. History-Info. 
> > > 
> > > christer,
> > > 
> > > ANY solution for anything must be MUCH simpler than history-info, 
> > > which is far too complex by itself.
> > > 
> > > i haven't seen anyone fully implement history-info and 
> most likely 
> > > that is because of its complexity.  if you are now going 
> to invent 
> > > some other mechanism that is as complex or even more
> > complex, it has
> > > no change in real world.
> > > 
> > > i therefore suggest that h-i is deprecated and a replaced
> > by a simpler
> > 
> > > mechanism.
> > > 
> > > -- juha
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> 
> 
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>,
	"Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>,
	"Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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Again, the burden is on the proponent of the new header to prove that
a new header is needed when we apparently have headers that carries the
same information, and more. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hans Erik van Elburg [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 02:43
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> It is clearly not the same as History-Info header as has been 
> explained in the draft and in several previous threads. It 
> has also been explained why History-Info can not be used for 
> this as is.
> 
> A simple new header with a clear semantics which provides a 
> clean solution to the problem is therefore not even 
> challenged by the History-Info header. Instead you should 
> argue why History-Info is so bloody good that we should use 
> it for this. We just learned that it is not even usable as a 
> diagnostic tool.
> 
> Why carry a whole log of request URI rewrites around when you 
> are only interested in the current target???
> 
> /Hans Erik
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 6:18 PM
> To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> Any addition of a new header that nobody can explain properly 
> why it's not the same as History-Info IS rocket science.
> 
> It sounds like we are getting paid by the number of URI we 
> add to SIP. 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Hans Erik van Elburg [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:07
> > To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > The point is that History-Info does not solve the problem 
> so something
> 
> > new is needed anyway.
> > 
> > And proper use of History-Info is rocket science as Dale has shown.
> > 
> > /Hans Erik
> > 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of 
> > Francois Audet
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 2:16 AM
> > To: Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > There are existing implementations of History-Info in the field.
> > 
> > It's not rocket science.
> > 
> > And I don't see why introducing something else will be simpler. It 
> > will just be extra complexity.
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > Behalf Of
> > > Juha Heinanen
> > > Sent: Saturday, March 29, 2008 05:48
> > > To: Christer Holmberg
> > > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > > 
> > > Christer Holmberg writes:
> > > 
> > >  > However, I still fail to understand how Target would be more 
> > > "complex"
> > >  > than e.g. History-Info. 
> > > 
> > > christer,
> > > 
> > > ANY solution for anything must be MUCH simpler than history-info, 
> > > which is far too complex by itself.
> > > 
> > > i haven't seen anyone fully implement history-info and 
> most likely 
> > > that is because of its complexity.  if you are now going 
> to invent 
> > > some other mechanism that is as complex or even more
> > complex, it has
> > > no change in real world.
> > > 
> > > i therefore suggest that h-i is deprecated and a replaced
> > by a simpler
> > 
> > > mechanism.
> > > 
> > > -- juha
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> 
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From: "Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
To: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>,
	"Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>,
	"Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>
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Francois,

I believe the confusion you are talking about was related to the first
version of the draft, where we also talked about the P-Called-Party-ID
header etc.

I tried to clarify that, and make the second version of the draft more
clear. Based on the comments I have received the issues were
solved/clarified in the second version of the draft.

The only text left about P-Called-Party-ID is the paragraph where we DO
explain the difference between it and Target.

Regards,

Christer
 

-----Original Message-----
From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com] 
Sent: 2. huhtikuuta 2008 19:19
To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals

The loose-route proposal is clear, but attempts to solve a much larger
problem.

The new header proposal is very far from clear, as was demonstrated by
the mailing list discussion, where nobody seems to agree on what the
header was supposed to mean. Most people didn't understand why it was
different than the P-Called-ID (or whatever that was). 

Furthermore, what would that header actually mean? Is is the original
target as inserted by the first UAC? If so, why is it different than the
To header? Is it the target as modified by the originating domain's
proxy (for example, "fixing" the phone number to make it into a real
E.164 number in a Tel or SIP URI?)? Or is it the last retargeting
address? Or any retargeting in between? And how do you define
retargeting in the first place?

The answers that Christer provided actually confused people who tought
they understood the proposal (i.e., people who tought we were talking
about the P-Called header).

And finally, somebody needs to demonstrate how this can not overlap with
History-Info. Saying its "simpler" is misleading. It's simpler until we
analyse completely what we are actually shooting for.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hans Erik van Elburg [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 02:43
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> It is clearly not the same as History-Info header as has been 
> explained in the draft and in several previous threads. It 
> has also been explained why History-Info can not be used for 
> this as is.
> 
> A simple new header with a clear semantics which provides a 
> clean solution to the problem is therefore not even 
> challenged by the History-Info header. Instead you should 
> argue why History-Info is so bloody good that we should use 
> it for this. We just learned that it is not even usable as a 
> diagnostic tool.
> 
> Why carry a whole log of request URI rewrites around when you 
> are only interested in the current target???
> 
> /Hans Erik
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 6:18 PM
> To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> Any addition of a new header that nobody can explain properly 
> why it's not the same as History-Info IS rocket science.
> 
> It sounds like we are getting paid by the number of URI we 
> add to SIP. 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Hans Erik van Elburg [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:07
> > To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > The point is that History-Info does not solve the problem 
> so something
> 
> > new is needed anyway.
> > 
> > And proper use of History-Info is rocket science as Dale has shown.
> > 
> > /Hans Erik
> > 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of 
> > Francois Audet
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 2:16 AM
> > To: Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > There are existing implementations of History-Info in the field.
> > 
> > It's not rocket science.
> > 
> > And I don't see why introducing something else will be simpler. It 
> > will just be extra complexity.
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > Behalf Of
> > > Juha Heinanen
> > > Sent: Saturday, March 29, 2008 05:48
> > > To: Christer Holmberg
> > > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > > 
> > > Christer Holmberg writes:
> > > 
> > >  > However, I still fail to understand how Target would be more 
> > > "complex"
> > >  > than e.g. History-Info. 
> > > 
> > > christer,
> > > 
> > > ANY solution for anything must be MUCH simpler than history-info, 
> > > which is far too complex by itself.
> > > 
> > > i haven't seen anyone fully implement history-info and 
> most likely 
> > > that is because of its complexity.  if you are now going 
> to invent 
> > > some other mechanism that is as complex or even more
> > complex, it has
> > > no change in real world.
> > > 
> > > i therefore suggest that h-i is deprecated and a replaced
> > by a simpler
> > 
> > > mechanism.
> > > 
> > > -- juha
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> 
_______________________________________________
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From: "Vijay K. Gurbani" <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> Greetings,
> Given today's relative importance in history - being the date Swiss farmers had their largest spaghetti crop harvest, Sweden introduced color television, the USSR connected Kremvax to Usenet, the Alabama state government changed the value of Pi to 3.0, and much more - we took it upon ourselves to write up and submit a new Internet-Draft for an update to RFC 3261 (and a bunch of other RFCs): P2P2PSIP, a.k.a. SIP v4.0.
> 
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt

Hadriel: Given the problems we have had with UDP, I think your draft
should deprecate UDP in favor of carrying IP datagrams on avian
carriers (RFC 1149).  The benefits are many, and the frame format
is very simple:

    The IP datagram is printed, on a small scroll of paper, in
    hexadecimal, with each octet separated by whitestuff and blackstuff.
    The scroll of paper is wrapped around one leg of the avian carrier.
    A band of duct tape is used to secure the datagram's edges.  The
    bandwidth is limited to the leg length.  The MTU is variable, and
    paradoxically, generally increases with increased carrier age.  A
    typical MTU is 256 milligrams.  Some datagram padding may be needed.

    Upon receipt, the duct tape is removed and the paper copy of the
    datagram is optically scanned into a electronically transmittable
    form.

- vijay
-- 
Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
WWW:   http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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[As WG cochair]

3 more days left of this WGLC and I do not believe I have seen any
comments yet. If you have posted comments then do not panic, they are
not lost - I am just working from memory.

Is the document perfect? If so tell us.

You are just making the final polishing to an extensive set of comments
and will post shortly? Please do so with all despatch.

Have not yet looked at it? Then please do so - we need this document
reviewed and finished.

Regards

Keith

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com] 
> Sent: Saturday, March 22, 2008 5:00 AM
> To: SIP List
> Cc: Cullen Jennings; Dan Wing; DRAGE, Keith (Keith)
> Subject: WGLC for draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements-04
> 
> 
> I'm pleased to announce a Working Group Last Call on the 
> Media Security Requirements document.
> 
> Please give this a final read through and send any comments 
> to the author and the working group mailing list.
> 
> I'd like to wrap this by April 7. We should be ready to move 
> on to the DTLS framework document immediately afterwards. I hope.
> 
> For your reading pleasure, here's a link to the most recent 
> version of the requirements doc:
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-media-secur
> ity-requirements-04.txt
> 
> 
> --
> Dean Willis
> Officiously Acting as Co-Chair
> 
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: "Vijay K. Gurbani" <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Apr 2008 15:20:26 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] I-D Action: draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
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Hmmm... I thought RFC 1149 was at a lower layer, so UDP just rides on IP on top of Avian.  Really, it's essentially just another wireless layer-1, which I guess would be "WiFly" instead of WiFi.  I'll leave it to Dan's draft-wing-it to handle how one does that, if we need a sipping-style use-case.

But I really think RFC 1149 is for the birds, and would pigeon-hole us into one specific path.  That would create a chicken-and-egg problem, because without 1149 being popular, people would not flock to SIPv4, and that would fowl up 1149 becoming popular.  I'd rather duck that issue, and instead home-in on publishing a SIPv4 draft to sow the seeds, and letting it fly, and we can smooth any ruffled feathers later.  That way people can migrate to SIPv4 now, until the final published doc is grounded.  If SIPv4 and WiFly come home to roost we can crow about it later, but for now we need to let SIPv4 out of the cage, with space to stretch its wings and take off.

-hadriel


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Vijay K. Gurbani [mailto:vkg@alcatel-lucent.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 2:19 PM
> To: Hadriel Kaplan
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Bob Penfield
> Subject: Re: [Sip] I-D Action: draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
>
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> > Greetings,
> > Given today's relative importance in history - being the date Swiss
> farmers had their largest spaghetti crop harvest, Sweden introduced color
> television, the USSR connected Kremvax to Usenet, the Alabama state
> government changed the value of Pi to 3.0, and much more - we took it upon
> ourselves to write up and submit a new Internet-Draft for an update to RFC
> 3261 (and a bunch of other RFCs): P2P2PSIP, a.k.a. SIP v4.0.
> >
> > A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kaplan-sip-four-oh-00.txt
>
> Hadriel: Given the problems we have had with UDP, I think your draft
> should deprecate UDP in favor of carrying IP datagrams on avian
> carriers (RFC 1149).  The benefits are many, and the frame format
> is very simple:
>
>     The IP datagram is printed, on a small scroll of paper, in
>     hexadecimal, with each octet separated by whitestuff and blackstuff.
>     The scroll of paper is wrapped around one leg of the avian carrier.
>     A band of duct tape is used to secure the datagram's edges.  The
>     bandwidth is limited to the leg length.  The MTU is variable, and
>     paradoxically, generally increases with increased carrier age.  A
>     typical MTU is 256 milligrams.  Some datagram padding may be needed.
>
>     Upon receipt, the duct tape is removed and the paper copy of the
>     datagram is optically scanned into a electronically transmittable
>     form.
>
> - vijay
> --
> Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
> 2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
> Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
> WWW:   http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>,
	"Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>,
	"Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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As much as I read this, I still can't figure an example where the P-Called-Header
and the Target header are different:

   As defined in RFC3455 [5], if a SIP entity, which acts as registrar/
   home proxy for the terminating user, re-writes the Request-URI with
   the contact address of the registered UA it may insert a P-Called-
   Party-ID header field with the previous value of the Request-URI.

   The Target header field and P-Called-Party-ID header field have
   different semantics.  The Target header field represents the current
   target identity, while the P-Called-Party-ID represents the last
   Request-URI value used to reach the user before the Request-URI value
   was re-written with the Contact address of the UAS.  In some cases
   the P-Called-Party-ID may be the same as the current target but, it
   may also be the last route taken (not equal to the current target) to
   deliver the request.  Therefore the P-Called-Party-ID can not be used
   in a generic SIP environment to represent the current target. 

Can you give one. It seems to me that in both cases, the headers will
include the last Request-URI "just before it's replaced by the Contact used
in Registration".

Moving to History-Info...

The current text in History-Info is not clear at all about recording 
both "current target" and recording the target that corresponds to
the "Contact that was used in Registration" for the last hop. In fact,
none of the example illustrate the process. The implication from the
examples is that the proxy retargetting would magically know the 
contact address.

My personal preference would be to up-issue History-Info to have
a clear indication (say a History-Info parameter) that identifies the Contact, plus
some rule mandating that the previous entry would be the last target.
I would also want to fix all the examples to illustrate it. I will note that
for that approach to work, History-Info only needs to be supported at the
terminating retargeting proxy (just like target header).

The alternative is to use the proposed Target header. If we decide to go that
route, I still think that we need to up-issue History-Info (if anything to 
illustrates how the Target header works in conjunction to it). 

In either case I think we need to update History-Info at the same time as we fix this
problem.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Christer Holmberg [mailto:christer.holmberg@ericsson.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 10:19
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> 
> Francois,
> 
> I believe the confusion you are talking about was related to 
> the first version of the draft, where we also talked about 
> the P-Called-Party-ID header etc.
> 
> I tried to clarify that, and make the second version of the 
> draft more clear. Based on the comments I have received the 
> issues were solved/clarified in the second version of the draft.
> 
> The only text left about P-Called-Party-ID is the paragraph 
> where we DO explain the difference between it and Target.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Christer
>  
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> Sent: 2. huhtikuuta 2008 19:19
> To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> The loose-route proposal is clear, but attempts to solve a 
> much larger problem.
> 
> The new header proposal is very far from clear, as was 
> demonstrated by the mailing list discussion, where nobody 
> seems to agree on what the header was supposed to mean. Most 
> people didn't understand why it was different than the 
> P-Called-ID (or whatever that was). 
> 
> Furthermore, what would that header actually mean? Is is the 
> original target as inserted by the first UAC? If so, why is 
> it different than the To header? Is it the target as modified 
> by the originating domain's proxy (for example, "fixing" the 
> phone number to make it into a real
> E.164 number in a Tel or SIP URI?)? Or is it the last 
> retargeting address? Or any retargeting in between? And how 
> do you define retargeting in the first place?
> 
> The answers that Christer provided actually confused people 
> who tought they understood the proposal (i.e., people who 
> tought we were talking about the P-Called header).
> 
> And finally, somebody needs to demonstrate how this can not 
> overlap with History-Info. Saying its "simpler" is 
> misleading. It's simpler until we analyse completely what we 
> are actually shooting for.
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Hans Erik van Elburg [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com]
> > Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 02:43
> > To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > It is clearly not the same as History-Info header as has been 
> > explained in the draft and in several previous threads. It has also 
> > been explained why History-Info can not be used for this as is.
> > 
> > A simple new header with a clear semantics which provides a clean 
> > solution to the problem is therefore not even challenged by the 
> > History-Info header. Instead you should argue why 
> History-Info is so 
> > bloody good that we should use it for this. We just learned 
> that it is 
> > not even usable as a diagnostic tool.
> > 
> > Why carry a whole log of request URI rewrites around when 
> you are only 
> > interested in the current target???
> > 
> > /Hans Erik
> > 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 6:18 PM
> > To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > Any addition of a new header that nobody can explain 
> properly why it's 
> > not the same as History-Info IS rocket science.
> > 
> > It sounds like we are getting paid by the number of URI we 
> add to SIP.
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Hans Erik van Elburg 
> [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:07
> > > To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > > Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > > 
> > > The point is that History-Info does not solve the problem
> > so something
> > 
> > > new is needed anyway.
> > > 
> > > And proper use of History-Info is rocket science as Dale 
> has shown.
> > > 
> > > /Hans Erik
> > > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > Behalf Of
> > > Francois Audet
> > > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 2:16 AM
> > > To: Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > > 
> > > There are existing implementations of History-Info in the field.
> > > 
> > > It's not rocket science.
> > > 
> > > And I don't see why introducing something else will be 
> simpler. It 
> > > will just be extra complexity.
> > > 
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > > Behalf Of
> > > > Juha Heinanen
> > > > Sent: Saturday, March 29, 2008 05:48
> > > > To: Christer Holmberg
> > > > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > > > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > > > 
> > > > Christer Holmberg writes:
> > > > 
> > > >  > However, I still fail to understand how Target would be more 
> > > > "complex"
> > > >  > than e.g. History-Info. 
> > > > 
> > > > christer,
> > > > 
> > > > ANY solution for anything must be MUCH simpler than 
> history-info, 
> > > > which is far too complex by itself.
> > > > 
> > > > i haven't seen anyone fully implement history-info and
> > most likely
> > > > that is because of its complexity.  if you are now going
> > to invent
> > > > some other mechanism that is as complex or even more
> > > complex, it has
> > > > no change in real world.
> > > > 
> > > > i therefore suggest that h-i is deprecated and a replaced
> > > by a simpler
> > > 
> > > > mechanism.
> > > > 
> > > > -- juha
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > > > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > > > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on 
> current sip Use 
> > > > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > > > 
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > > 
> > 
> 
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>, Christer Holmberg
	<christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>, Hans Erik van Elburg
	<hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>, Juha Heinanen <jh@tutpro.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Francois Audet
>
> Can you give one. It seems to me that in both cases, the headers will
> include the last Request-URI "just before it's replaced by the Contact
> used
> in Registration".

From a previous email I sent a long time ago, given the following reasonably complex scenario, where "RTRG" means Re-Targeting, "RRT" means Re-Routing, "RT" means Routing, and the single letters represent connections:

                    RTRG                    RRT
                   +---+                   +---+
                   |R1 |                   |R2 |
                B /+---+\ C             E /+---+\ F
            RT   /       \  RT      RT   /       \  RT
           +---+/         \+---+ D +---+/         \+---+
           |P1 |           |P2 +---+P3 |           |P4 |
        A /+---+           +---+   +---+           +---+\ G
         /                                               \
   +---+/                                                 \+---+
   |UAC|                                                   |UAS|
   +---+                                                   +---+

Goal: to get the req-uri seen on "C" (right?).

UA-Loose-routing sets the req-uri to that seen on connection "C".
Target gives you C.
PCPID gives you E.
Hist-Info gives you A,B,C,D,E,F.
To header gives you A.

C != E, because P2 and P3 could be swapping req-uri's as they 3261 route.  UALR draft says "stop swapping when you route", but Target draft does not.

-hadriel

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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Hadriel Kaplan" <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>,
	"Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>,
	"Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>,
	"Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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Re-Targeting (RTRG) is when a Proxy changes a Request-URI to a different one, outside of
normal routing.  That's ok. For example, bob@example.com to alice@example.com.

What is the difference between RRT (Re-Routing) and Routing (Routing)? I don't get it.

And I don't see in here the place where the Request-URI is changed to the Contact
that was used in the REGISTER (i.e., where example.com changes bob@example.com to
bob@bobpc.example.com). That is really the missing part, no?

Is that what you call RRT? And if so, why is there an extra leg between it and the
UAS? Is it because P4 is an outbound proxy?

And I still don't see why C != E. It would only be different if loose route was not
used by the proxies (e.g., RFC 2543 proxies). Is that what you mean? If so, doesn't this
mean P-Called-Party-ID is essentially useless and IMS can't use it anyways? So we should 
just fix P-Called-Party-ID spec instead?

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hadriel Kaplan [mailto:HKaplan@acmepacket.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 13:22
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Christer Holmberg; Hans 
> Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of 
> > Francois Audet
> >
> > Can you give one. It seems to me that in both cases, the 
> headers will 
> > include the last Request-URI "just before it's replaced by 
> the Contact 
> > used in Registration".
> 
> From a previous email I sent a long time ago, given the 
> following reasonably complex scenario, where "RTRG" means 
> Re-Targeting, "RRT" means Re-Routing, "RT" means Routing, and 
> the single letters represent connections:
> 
>                     RTRG                    RRT
>                    +---+                   +---+
>                    |R1 |                   |R2 |
>                 B /+---+\ C             E /+---+\ F
>             RT   /       \  RT      RT   /       \  RT
>            +---+/         \+---+ D +---+/         \+---+
>            |P1 |           |P2 +---+P3 |           |P4 |
>         A /+---+           +---+   +---+           +---+\ G
>          /                                               \
>    +---+/                                                 \+---+
>    |UAC|                                                   |UAS|
>    +---+                                                   +---+
> 
> Goal: to get the req-uri seen on "C" (right?).
> 
> UA-Loose-routing sets the req-uri to that seen on connection "C".
> Target gives you C.
> PCPID gives you E.
> Hist-Info gives you A,B,C,D,E,F.
> To header gives you A.
> 
> C != E, because P2 and P3 could be swapping req-uri's as they 
> 3261 route.  UALR draft says "stop swapping when you route", 
> but Target draft does not.
> 
> -hadriel
> 
> 
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>, Christer Holmberg
	<christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>, Hans Erik van Elburg
	<hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>, Juha Heinanen <jh@tutpro.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Apr 2008 19:05:01 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
>
> Re-Targeting (RTRG) is when a Proxy changes a Request-URI to a different
> one, outside of
> normal routing.  That's ok. For example, bob@example.com to
> alice@example.com.
> What is the difference between RRT (Re-Routing) and Routing (Routing)? I
> don't get it.

I believe, based on the email discussion back in January, that "Re-Targeting" is when a Proxy re-targets the request to a new entity, so yes for example from bob to charlie.  In that situation, I believe what both Jonathan and Christer want is the "target-info" (the stuff we're trying to preserve) to be replaced by the new set (charlie's set).

Re-Routing is when the proxy/registrar replaces the req-uri due to AoR->contact resolution.  In that case we want to preserve the pre-resolved target info.

Routing is when a proxy routes.  I believe the intention was that this mean the proxy does not touch the req-uri, but my guess is that's not agreed is reality. (more on that later)


> And I don't see in here the place where the Request-URI is changed to the
> Contact
> that was used in the REGISTER (i.e., where example.com changes
> bob@example.com to
> bob@bobpc.example.com). That is really the missing part, no?

That is R2 in the diagram.


> Is that what you call RRT? And if so, why is there an extra leg between it
> and the
> UAS? Is it because P4 is an outbound proxy?

P4 is an outbound proxy.  But to be clear, what's going on here is call goes to bob@biloxi.com at R1, gets re-targeted by R1 to charlie@cambridge.com at R2, and R2 resolves it to charlie@trs80.cambridge.com (assuming Charlie's UA is trs80).


> And I still don't see why C != E. It would only be different if loose
> route was not
> used by the proxies (e.g., RFC 2543 proxies). Is that what you mean? If
> so, doesn't this
> mean P-Called-Party-ID is essentially useless and IMS can't use it
> anyways? So we should
> just fix P-Called-Party-ID spec instead?

I don't know that part.  I am not taking any "side" on this issue.  I am merely trying to bring clarity through ascii art. :)

My personal experience is proxies replace req-uri during routing a LOT, even when they're not resolving AoR->contact nor "re-targeting".  And what they're changing the req-uri to does not usually affect the identity of the called party, because the username portion is not being changed, and it's an e.164.  So PCPID "works".  But for this target-info use-case you want parameters from the original req-uri, and those may not be there by the time it gets to R2 and a PCPID is created.  So that's my guess of why C != E. But it's just a guess.


> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Hadriel Kaplan [mailto:HKaplan@acmepacket.com]
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > Behalf Of
> > > Francois Audet
> > >
> > > Can you give one. It seems to me that in both cases, the
> > headers will
> > > include the last Request-URI "just before it's replaced by
> > the Contact
> > > used in Registration".
> >
> > From a previous email I sent a long time ago, given the
> > following reasonably complex scenario, where "RTRG" means
> > Re-Targeting, "RRT" means Re-Routing, "RT" means Routing, and
> > the single letters represent connections:
> >
> >                     RTRG                    RRT
> >                    +---+                   +---+
> >                    |R1 |                   |R2 |
> >                 B /+---+\ C             E /+---+\ F
> >             RT   /       \  RT      RT   /       \  RT
> >            +---+/         \+---+ D +---+/         \+---+
> >            |P1 |           |P2 +---+P3 |           |P4 |
> >         A /+---+           +---+   +---+           +---+\ G
> >          /                                               \
> >    +---+/                                                 \+---+
> >    |UAC|                                                   |UAS|
> >    +---+                                                   +---+
> >
> > Goal: to get the req-uri seen on "C" (right?).
> >
> > UA-Loose-routing sets the req-uri to that seen on connection "C".
> > Target gives you C.
> > PCPID gives you E.
> > Hist-Info gives you A,B,C,D,E,F.
> > To header gives you A.
> >
> > C != E, because P2 and P3 could be swapping req-uri's as they
> > 3261 route.  UALR draft says "stop swapping when you route",
> > but Target draft does not.
> >
> > -hadriel
> >
> >
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On Apr 2, 2008, at 6:05 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
>>
>> Re-Targeting (RTRG) is when a Proxy changes a Request-URI to a  
>> different
>> one, outside of
>> normal routing.  That's ok. For example, bob@example.com to
>> alice@example.com.
>> What is the difference between RRT (Re-Routing) and Routing  
>> (Routing)? I
>> don't get it.
>
> I believe, based on the email discussion back in January, that "Re- 
> Targeting" is when a Proxy re-targets the request to a new entity,  
> so yes for example from bob to charlie.  In that situation, I  
> believe what both Jonathan and Christer want is the "target- 
> info" (the stuff we're trying to preserve) to be replaced by the new  
> set (charlie's set).
>
> Re-Routing is when the proxy/registrar replaces the req-uri due to  
> AoR->contact resolution.  In that case we want to preserve the pre- 
> resolved target info.
>

The difference between retargeting and rerouting is that rerouting  
preserves the expected response identity, and retargeting doesn't.

Assume connected-identity. In a "direct" call, one where no proxy  
routing is done, we'd expect to see that the identity sent by the  
target corresponds to the identity given for the target in the request  
URI.

That is, if Alice has invited Bob, she's expecting the connected- 
identity to be sourced from Bob.

This is preserved by typical "proxy contact routing",  to which I  
applied the term "rerouting". The request URI gets changed by the  
proxy, but the targeted identity doesn't.

So if Alice sends an INVITE for Bob's AOR to Bob's proxy, and Bob's  
proxy reroutes the INVITE to Bob's UA using a registered Contact, Bob  
still gets the call, and a connected-identity expressed by his UA will  
still be for "Bob".

However, if Bob's proxy retargeted the request to SpanishInquisition,  
the connected identity would no longer match with the request. I call  
this the "unanticipated respondent problem". After all, nobody expects  
the Spanish Inquisition to answer Bob's calls.

This could be a real problem is we were using security functions,  
since Alice might 1) not have keys for use with the Spanish  
Inquisition, and 2) Alice might reasonably wonder why they answered  
Bob's call.

Had we instead used a 302 to redirect Alice to the Spanish  
Inquisition, she'd at least be forewarned.

So, routing and rerouting operations imply that the response identity  
is equivalent to the pre-operation target identity. Retargeting  
implies that the response identity is not equivalent to the pre- 
operation target identity.


> Routing is when a proxy routes.  I believe the intention was that  
> this mean the proxy does not touch the req-uri, but my guess is  
> that's not agreed is reality. (more on that later)

In RFC 2543, routing always required changing the ReqURI.  RFC 3261  
loose-routing changed this, and proxies only change the Request URI  
when changing the target. RFC 3261 does not distinguish between target  
changes that change the identity of the target and those that do not,  
hence the new terms "rerouting" and "retargeting".

much text deleted . . .

>
> My personal experience is proxies replace req-uri during routing a  
> LOT, even when they're not resolving AoR->contact nor "re- 
> targeting".  And what they're changing the req-uri to does not  
> usually affect the identity of the called party, because the  
> username portion is not being changed, and it's an e.164.  So PCPID  
> "works".  But for this target-info use-case you want parameters from  
> the original req-uri, and those may not be there by the time it gets  
> to R2 and a PCPID is created.  So that's my guess of why C != E. But  
> it's just a guess.

I'd call that operation rerouting, not routing. It is the functional  
equivalent of replacing the request-URI with a Contact -- it's just  
that the new request-URI is determined by some means other than  
registration against the AOR. This might be, for example, via static  
provisioning, or by matching against a TRIP routing table. The fact  
that the userparts encode phone numbers is essentially irrelevant to  
the question of what type of operation (routing, rerouting,  
retargeting) is used, although it might be very important to how the  
proxy might decide which operation to use and which destination to  
encode.

--
Dean

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>
> On Apr 2, 2008, at 6:05 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
> > Routing is when a proxy routes.  I believe the intention was that
> > this mean the proxy does not touch the req-uri, but my guess is
> > that's not agreed is reality. (more on that later)
>
> In RFC 2543, routing always required changing the ReqURI.  RFC 3261
> loose-routing changed this, and proxies only change the Request URI
> when changing the target. RFC 3261 does not distinguish between target
> changes that change the identity of the target and those that do not,
> hence the new terms "rerouting" and "retargeting".

Sorry I should have been clearer.  I didn't mean it was in question what rfc3261 meant, I meant it was in question what "proxies" actually do.  Now the quick answer is, if they don't do what 3261 says, those ain't "proxies".  And I agree that I'm using a bad term here - I think the issue at hand is actually what real sip hops do in the real world, even those claiming to be a "proxy", not what rfc3261 Proxies (with a capital P) do.


> I'd call that operation rerouting, not routing. It is the functional
> equivalent of replacing the request-URI with a Contact -- it's just
> that the new request-URI is determined by some means other than
> registration against the AOR. This might be, for example, via static
> provisioning, or by matching against a TRIP routing table.

Or based on an ENUM response...

> The fact
> that the userparts encode phone numbers is essentially irrelevant to
> the question of what type of operation (routing, rerouting,
> retargeting) is used, although it might be very important to how the
> proxy might decide which operation to use and which destination to
> encode.

Yes, exactly.  And yet that proxy has absolutely no idea if it's re-routed or re-targeted by changing the hostpart.

-hadriel
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ext Ben Campbell wrote:
> Thanks for the quick response. My comments for anything that still 
> seems like an open issue are inline:
>
>
> On Apr 2, 2008, at 5:04 AM, Jari Urpalainen wrote:
>> ext Ben Campbell wrote:
>
> [...]
>
>>> Section 4.4, paragraph 1(clarity):
>>> "The usage of hierarchical lists and <entry>
>>>   references, etc. can thus be omitted."
>>>
>>> You say that the usage of hierarchical lists and <entry> references 
>>> can be omitted. Are they actually being forbidden in this context, 
>>> or do you just mean to say that they are optional? If features of 
>>> the resource list format are forbidden, then this draft needs 
>>> normative language saying explicitly what is not to be used. If you 
>>> just mean to say that they are optional, what are the 
>>> interoperability issues if one device chooses to use them but the 
>>> peer does not understand them?
>
> Do you have any thoughts concerning the above comment?
Sorry, i already made an actual fix, but forgot to reply.  Yep, these 
are "sophisticated" features which don't bring in any value here --> 
"...MUST NOT be used"

>
>>>
>>>
>>> "As it is
>>>   anticipated that the XCAP server will be collocated with the SIP
>>>   notifier, the subscriber MAY use relative XCAP URIs."
>>>
>>> Is it the authors' intention to require this collocation? That seems 
>>> to be an architectural consequence of allowing relative URIs, unless 
>>> we assert that if an implementation is architected differently, it 
>>> is up to the implementation to be able to dereference relative URIs.
>>>
>> in practice, the sip notifier must be aware of changes made by 
>> another protocol, i.e. http in this case. If these servers (notifier 
>> & http (xcap) daemon) are separated they need some sort of immediate 
>> mechanism to signal these events. It can be done with some 
>> unspecified ways, but the most simple one is when they are running on 
>> the very same host. However, even that simplest case is pretty hard 
>> (or complex enough) to implement properly (implementation description 
>> can be a long story although you are using OSS tools, like e.g. linux 
>> with Apache + xcap_module and some decent Sip stack with all the 
>> source code), and the intention is to define only the very simplest 
>> use-case here. It is not ruled out that they were separated but that 
>> would be much, much more difficult to implement, and there are many 
>> obstacles and open issues there. So there's magic (outside the scope 
>> of this i-d) here how to map the sip-uri to the xcap-root-uri, but 
>> this, the most simple use-case is what i'd expect to be implemented 
>> (and maybe, even some minor deployment as well ;-)).
>>
>> Also we agreed with Miguel to be more explicit about this magic, does 
>> it sound sufficient to you ?
>
> Likely. As long as we mention the need for the notifier to learn about 
> changes at the XCAP server, and that such mechanisms are out of scope 
> for this document. It makes sense to mention collocation as an example 
> way to solve this, but it's only an example.
>
> [...]
fine.
>
>
>>>
>>> Paragraph 3 (clarity):
>>>
>>> I'm not sure what the MUST applies to here--are you saying that the 
>>> server MUST check for the condition you list as an example, or 
>>> simply that, if the notifier chooses not to send XML-Patch-Ops 
>>> patches for reasons of local policy, it MUST fall back to 
>>> xcap-patching mode?
>> the reason to drop the aggregation mode for that particular resource 
>> is that once the client have to use http, it might get out-of-sync 
>> (with "rapidly" changing resources), the rule is to be certain that 
>> it will not happen. I'll try to clarify.
>
> Thanks. I think it would be helpful to have a section dedicated 
> describing the issue, and mention the ways to work around it.
>
> [...]
i 've added a whole new chapter about this into the "notifier 
generation" and re-arranged things so that it SHOULD be now much more 
unambiquous.

>
>
>>>
>>> "After that the
>>>   subscriber MAY send a re-subscription to start the diff "aggregation"
>>>   on the server."
>>>
>>> Does this mean to imply the subscriber cannot start out with 
>>> aggregation turned on? (I think this may be another case of 
>>> presenting the edge case without presenting the primary use case 
>>> first.)
>> it can try to start in the aggregate mode straight away, but it may 
>> fail. So the safe way is to disable aggregation first before sync is 
>> achieved and enable it afterwards. I think I'll add something about 
>> this into those dreaded examples (in an appendix)
>
> See my previous comment about having a separate section to describe 
> the issue and possible solutions. It's also important that we are 
> clear on whether the delayed activation of "aggregation" mode is 
> simply an optional solution to a potential issue, or is a normative 
> requirement.
>
As the aggregate mode has its drawbacks when versioning is not supported 
in http, I think I've managed to fix the text...
>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Paragraph 2: (substantive)
>>>
>>> You cannot safely use non-sequential CSeq to detect missing NOTIFY 
>>> requests. For example, if the NOTIFY request is challenged by an 
>>> intervening proxy, the subscriber will see non-sequential CSeq 
>>> values. It may be unusual for NOTIFY to get challenged, but unless 
>>> we forbid it, then we cannot depend on CSeq for this purpose.
>> ok, didn't think about that at all.
>
> This one needs some thought, then. There are actually a lot more 
> causes than just digest challenges that may cause the client to see 
> non-sequential CSeqs. If detection of lost notifies is critical, we 
> need another solution (either to detect lost notifies or to remove the 
> need to do so.)
now I've managed to put this "utter crap" myself :-), sorry, i.e. 
unordering doesn't happen when the notifier acts _properly_, so it's 
better to move that text altogether.
>
>>> Section 4.10 (substantive)
>>>
>>> It's not clear to me how this interacts with the "aggregation" 
>>> mechanism. In particular, if the notifier has more than one change 
>>> in the 5 second window, but the subscriber did not allow 
>>> aggregation, how is it handled?
>> yep this is indeed _difficult_. Easy to write (one sentence only), 
>> but really, really hard to implement properly ;-). First off there's 
>> a SHOULD directive fortunately... I'm not 100 % sure if you mean that 
>> xcap-patching is also disabled. So there's not a big difference in 
>> this context whether you have aggregation or xcap-patching modes, 
>> since in the xcap-patching mode you will see changes e.g. from "a" to 
>> "b" to "c" with all corresponding Etags while in the aggregate mode 
>> you'll see e.g. only changes from "a" to "c" in the notification body 
>> without the intermediate state. Certainly aggregation body is smaller 
>> but it fails to show the versioning history and the diff formats 
>> differ, but the end result will be the same certainly, i.e. "c". So 
>> _if_ you obey the timer, you wait for it to expire and then send the 
>> result in both cases (and of course during this timer interval you 
>> wait for any changes in these resources, and do something relevant, 
>> e.g. store internal object states).  If there's not any patching 
>> modes applied, then you should wait for the timer to expire and send 
>> appropriate actions, i.e. document(s) has either been created, 
>> modified or deleted.
>
> I'm not sure I understand what you mean on the last two sentences--can 
> you give an example?
btw. just noted that a rate limit was per a _user_ what would that mean 
? so should be per _subscription_.

let's say you'll notify a initial document at some time x. then comes 
two changes 1 & 2 for the same document within 2 seconds (ETags are 
those timestamps):
 
NOTIFY  1  --  x 
change 1    --  x+1s.
change 2    --  x+2s.
NOTIFY 2  -- x+5s.

so if those two changes are reported (NOTIFY 2) _without any patching_ 
you'll report the document uri reference with Etags at time x+5s due to 
this 5s rate limitation:
<xcap-diff  xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/root/">
   <document new-etag="x+2s"
             sel="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/coworkers"
             previous-etag="x"/>
</xcap-diff>

with xcap-patching you could have:

<xcap-diff  xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/root/">
   <document new-etag="x+1s"
             sel="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/coworkers"
             previous-etag="x">
       <add sel="*"><foo/></add>
  </document>
  <document new-etag="x+2s"
             sel="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/coworkers"
             previous-etag="x+1s">
       <add sel="*"><bar/></add>
  </document>
</xcap-diff>

while with the "aggregate" mode:

<xcap-diff  xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/root/">
   <document new-etag="x+2s"
             sel="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/coworkers"
             previous-etag="x">
       <add sel="*"><foo/><bar/></add>
  </document>
</xcap-diff>

So the first one shows the simplest case, and then the more complex 
xcap-patching and lastly aggregate, does this help ? I've the intention 
to add something similar to an appendix regardless of the pain...

So as can be seen from the example "aggregate" and "xcap-patching" both 
aggregate patches, but the "real" aggregate can do much clever decisions 
with the added complexity.

And i've made it now explicit that the notifier MAY respond with all of 
these 3 ways if aggregate is requested. If notifier requests 
xcap-patching "aggregate" MUST NOT be used, and with "no-patching" 
naturally only the simplest mode is allowed.

>
>> IIRC, in partial PIDF where we use the exact same patchings there's 
>> not a single line about this since this timer is inherited from the 
>> base PIDF package. In summary, you just don't have to do anything 
>> mysterious with timers except wait for a certain period of time. In 
>> practice, it happens to be quite a challenging task (but these specs 
>> usually _ignore_ the implementation PITA ;-))
>
> It's still not clear to me if this is just a "hard implementation" 
> problem or if it is really a conflict in normative requirements. 
> Coding aside, what do you expect the most commen behavior to be if 
> multiple changes occur inside the 5 second window, but the client has 
> not allowed aggregation? (The example requested above might help me 
> understand this.)
>
imo it is not a conflict, just a PITA in implementations, though 
sometimes a very nice optimization.
>>
>>>
>>> Section 5, figure 3 (clarity):
>>>
>>> It would be nice to see this in context of an actual NOTIFY.
>> I'll try to digest something into an appendix. That being said, the 
>> important things are bodies...
>
> To some degree, it is up to the companion draft to define the body in 
> detail--this draft really talks about the SIP-event package, so I do 
> think it is appropriate to show real message flows including the SIP 
> parts.
>
> [...]
>
yep, though from sip event pov. only the event-paramer and conditional 
headers are really relevant, and indeed the body examples are not shown 
in other specs, which allow virtually everything. In this case, this 
package _requires_ those limitations to those formats with/without 
patching, so it is definitely good to have good examples.

>>>
>>> Section 7, Security Considerations (substantive)
>>>
>>> I think we need more here. What sort of authentication is adequate 
>>> (particularly for authenticating the notifier.) Does the potential 
>>> sensitive content create any need for privacy and integrity 
>>> protection beyond that generically needed for SIP-Events?
>>>
>> yep, besides DoS TLS & S/MIME recommendations some text about 
>> identity "mapping" between http & sip would be reasonable. Anything 
>> else ?
>
> I had not thought of the identity mapping issue--that discussion 
> always seems to get more "interesting" than you might expect :-)  It 
> might be worth adding SIPS thoughts to any TLS discussion.
yep.
>
> Thanks!
>
> Ben.

Thanks again,
Jari
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On Apr 3, 2008, at 7:28 AM, Jari Urpalainen wrote:

[...]

>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Paragraph 2: (substantive)
>>>>
>>>> You cannot safely use non-sequential CSeq to detect missing  
>>>> NOTIFY requests. For example, if the NOTIFY request is challenged  
>>>> by an intervening proxy, the subscriber will see non-sequential  
>>>> CSeq values. It may be unusual for NOTIFY to get challenged, but  
>>>> unless we forbid it, then we cannot depend on CSeq for this  
>>>> purpose.
>>> ok, didn't think about that at all.
>>
>> This one needs some thought, then. There are actually a lot more  
>> causes than just digest challenges that may cause the client to see  
>> non-sequential CSeqs. If detection of lost notifies is critical, we  
>> need another solution (either to detect lost notifies or to remove  
>> the need to do so.)
> now I've managed to put this "utter crap" myself :-), sorry, i.e.  
> unordering doesn't happen when the notifier acts _properly_, so it's  
> better to move that text altogether.

The text was more about missing NOTIFY requests than it was out-of- 
order NOTIFYs (CSeq will actually catch the out-of-order case). Are  
you saying that it is okay to not be able to detect missing NOTIFYs,  
even in patch mode? Note that missing and out-of-order notifies can  
(rarely, we hope)  happen due to intervening devices even if the  
notifier is perfectly well behaved.

>
>>
>>>> Section 4.10 (substantive)
>>>>
>>>> It's not clear to me how this interacts with the "aggregation"  
>>>> mechanism. In particular, if the notifier has more than one  
>>>> change in the 5 second window, but the subscriber did not allow  
>>>> aggregation, how is it handled?
>>> yep this is indeed _difficult_. Easy to write (one sentence only),  
>>> but really, really hard to implement properly ;-). First off  
>>> there's a SHOULD directive fortunately... I'm not 100 % sure if  
>>> you mean that xcap-patching is also disabled. So there's not a big  
>>> difference in this context whether you have aggregation or xcap- 
>>> patching modes, since in the xcap-patching mode you will see  
>>> changes e.g. from "a" to "b" to "c" with all corresponding Etags  
>>> while in the aggregate mode you'll see e.g. only changes from "a"  
>>> to "c" in the notification body without the intermediate state.  
>>> Certainly aggregation body is smaller but it fails to show the  
>>> versioning history and the diff formats differ, but the end result  
>>> will be the same certainly, i.e. "c". So _if_ you obey the timer,  
>>> you wait for it to expire and then send the result in both cases  
>>> (and of course during this timer interval you wait for any changes  
>>> in these resources, and do something relevant, e.g. store internal  
>>> object states).  If there's not any patching modes applied, then  
>>> you should wait for the timer to expire and send appropriate  
>>> actions, i.e. document(s) has either been created, modified or  
>>> deleted.
>>
>> I'm not sure I understand what you mean on the last two sentences-- 
>> can you give an example?
> btw. just noted that a rate limit was per a _user_ what would that  
> mean ? so should be per _subscription_.
>
> let's say you'll notify a initial document at some time x. then  
> comes two changes 1 & 2 for the same document within 2 seconds  
> (ETags are those timestamps):
> NOTIFY  1  --  x change 1    --  x+1s.
> change 2    --  x+2s.
> NOTIFY 2  -- x+5s.
>
> so if those two changes are reported (NOTIFY 2) _without any  
> patching_ you'll report the document uri reference with Etags at  
> time x+5s due to this 5s rate limitation:
> <xcap-diff  xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/root/">
>  <document new-etag="x+2s"
>            sel="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/coworkers"
>            previous-etag="x"/>
> </xcap-diff>
>
> with xcap-patching you could have:
>
> <xcap-diff  xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/root/">
>  <document new-etag="x+1s"
>            sel="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/coworkers"
>            previous-etag="x">
>      <add sel="*"><foo/></add>
> </document>
> <document new-etag="x+2s"
>            sel="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/coworkers"
>            previous-etag="x+1s">
>      <add sel="*"><bar/></add>
> </document>
> </xcap-diff>'

Ah, I see you are effectively listing both change events in a single  
xcap-diff document, but still as separate events. That makes sense,  
but it was not obvious to me from the text that you could do this. I  
don't recall if the data format doc addressed it or not. It would  
definitely help to include examples for each mode of operation.

>
>
> while with the "aggregate" mode:
>
> <xcap-diff  xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/root/">
>  <document new-etag="x+2s"
>            sel="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/coworkers"
>            previous-etag="x">
>      <add sel="*"><foo/><bar/></add>
> </document>
> </xcap-diff>
>
> So the first one shows the simplest case, and then the more complex  
> xcap-patching and lastly aggregate, does this help ? I've the  
> intention to add something similar to an appendix regardless of the  
> pain...
>
> So as can be seen from the example "aggregate" and "xcap-patching"  
> both aggregate patches, but the "real" aggregate can do much clever  
> decisions with the added complexity.
>
> And i've made it now explicit that the notifier MAY respond with all  
> of these 3 ways if aggregate is requested. If notifier requests xcap- 
> patching "aggregate" MUST NOT be used, and with "no-patching"  
> naturally only the simplest mode is allowed.
>
>>
>>> IIRC, in partial PIDF where we use the exact same patchings  
>>> there's not a single line about this since this timer is inherited  
>>> from the base PIDF package. In summary, you just don't have to do  
>>> anything mysterious with timers except wait for a certain period  
>>> of time. In practice, it happens to be quite a challenging task  
>>> (but these specs usually _ignore_ the implementation PITA ;-))
>>
>> It's still not clear to me if this is just a "hard implementation"  
>> problem or if it is really a conflict in normative requirements.  
>> Coding aside, what do you expect the most commen behavior to be if  
>> multiple changes occur inside the 5 second window, but the client  
>> has not allowed aggregation? (The example requested above might  
>> help me understand this.)
>>
> imo it is not a conflict, just a PITA in implementations, though  
> sometimes a very nice optimization.

I _think_ I am okay with this, pending seeing the new text.

[...]

Thanks!

Ben.

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ext Ben Campbell wrote:
>
> On Apr 3, 2008, at 7:28 AM, Jari Urpalainen wrote:
>
> [...]
>
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Paragraph 2: (substantive)
>>>>>
>>>>> You cannot safely use non-sequential CSeq to detect missing NOTIFY 
>>>>> requests. For example, if the NOTIFY request is challenged by an 
>>>>> intervening proxy, the subscriber will see non-sequential CSeq 
>>>>> values. It may be unusual for NOTIFY to get challenged, but unless 
>>>>> we forbid it, then we cannot depend on CSeq for this purpose.
>>>> ok, didn't think about that at all.
>>>
>>> This one needs some thought, then. There are actually a lot more 
>>> causes than just digest challenges that may cause the client to see 
>>> non-sequential CSeqs. If detection of lost notifies is critical, we 
>>> need another solution (either to detect lost notifies or to remove 
>>> the need to do so.)
>> now I've managed to put this "utter crap" myself :-), sorry, i.e. 
>> unordering doesn't happen when the notifier acts _properly_, so it's 
>> better to move that text altogether.
>
> The text was more about missing NOTIFY requests than it was 
> out-of-order NOTIFYs (CSeq will actually catch the out-of-order case). 
> Are you saying that it is okay to not be able to detect missing 
> NOTIFYs, even in patch mode? Note that missing and out-of-order 
> notifies can (rarely, we hope)  happen due to intervening devices even 
> if the notifier is perfectly well behaved.
>
the implicit rule _now_ for the notifier is: if you don't get a final 
200 ack for a notify, do not send a new request and for a timeout, tear 
down the session (this is what i propose but as explicit). So what 
happens with  4xx, 5xx, 6xx etc is unspecified. So the rule for waiting 
for the 200 OK rules out-of-order. So if you get 4/5/6xx will that mean 
drop-out possibility ? no imo, since you can't send a new one unless the 
previous one has been sent successfully. So personally i _could_ go that 
far that tear down always if return code != 200, but probably some 
intelligent notifiers could resolve e.g. 413, though i have my doubts....
>>>
>>>>> Section 4.10 (substantive)
>>>>>
>>>>> It's not clear to me how this interacts with the "aggregation" 
>>>>> mechanism. In particular, if the notifier has more than one change 
>>>>> in the 5 second window, but the subscriber did not allow 
>>>>> aggregation, how is it handled?
>>>> yep this is indeed _difficult_. Easy to write (one sentence only), 
>>>> but really, really hard to implement properly ;-). First off 
>>>> there's a SHOULD directive fortunately... I'm not 100 % sure if you 
>>>> mean that xcap-patching is also disabled. So there's not a big 
>>>> difference in this context whether you have aggregation or 
>>>> xcap-patching modes, since in the xcap-patching mode you will see 
>>>> changes e.g. from "a" to "b" to "c" with all corresponding Etags 
>>>> while in the aggregate mode you'll see e.g. only changes from "a" 
>>>> to "c" in the notification body without the intermediate state. 
>>>> Certainly aggregation body is smaller but it fails to show the 
>>>> versioning history and the diff formats differ, but the end result 
>>>> will be the same certainly, i.e. "c". So _if_ you obey the timer, 
>>>> you wait for it to expire and then send the result in both cases 
>>>> (and of course during this timer interval you wait for any changes 
>>>> in these resources, and do something relevant, e.g. store internal 
>>>> object states).  If there's not any patching modes applied, then 
>>>> you should wait for the timer to expire and send appropriate 
>>>> actions, i.e. document(s) has either been created, modified or 
>>>> deleted.
>>>
>>> I'm not sure I understand what you mean on the last two 
>>> sentences--can you give an example?
>> btw. just noted that a rate limit was per a _user_ what would that 
>> mean ? so should be per _subscription_.
>>
>> let's say you'll notify a initial document at some time x. then comes 
>> two changes 1 & 2 for the same document within 2 seconds (ETags are 
>> those timestamps):
>> NOTIFY  1  --  x change 1    --  x+1s.
>> change 2    --  x+2s.
>> NOTIFY 2  -- x+5s.
>>
>> so if those two changes are reported (NOTIFY 2) _without any 
>> patching_ you'll report the document uri reference with Etags at time 
>> x+5s due to this 5s rate limitation:
>> <xcap-diff  xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/root/">
>>  <document new-etag="x+2s"
>>            sel="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/coworkers"
>>            previous-etag="x"/>
>> </xcap-diff>
>>
>> with xcap-patching you could have:
>>
>> <xcap-diff  xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/root/">
>>  <document new-etag="x+1s"
>>            sel="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/coworkers"
>>            previous-etag="x">
>>      <add sel="*"><foo/></add>
>> </document>
>> <document new-etag="x+2s"
>>            sel="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/coworkers"
>>            previous-etag="x+1s">
>>      <add sel="*"><bar/></add>
>> </document>
>> </xcap-diff>'
>
> Ah, I see you are effectively listing both change events in a single 
> xcap-diff document, but still as separate events. That makes sense, 
> but it was not obvious to me from the text that you could do this. I 
> don't recall if the data format doc addressed it or not. It would 
> definitely help to include examples for each mode of operation.
>
it is in the format spec, it was implicit in some older versions, but i 
fixed that:
"If several <document>
   elements with the same "sel" selector value exist in the XCAP diff
   document, i.e. for example, the full ETag change history is
   indicated, the corresponding patches MUST be appliable in the given
   document order."
>>
>>
>> while with the "aggregate" mode:
>>
>> <xcap-diff  xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/root/">
>>  <document new-etag="x+2s"
>>            sel="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/coworkers"
>>            previous-etag="x">
>>      <add sel="*"><foo/><bar/></add>
>> </document>
>> </xcap-diff>
>>
>> So the first one shows the simplest case, and then the more complex 
>> xcap-patching and lastly aggregate, does this help ? I've the 
>> intention to add something similar to an appendix regardless of the 
>> pain...
>>
>> So as can be seen from the example "aggregate" and "xcap-patching" 
>> both aggregate patches, but the "real" aggregate can do much clever 
>> decisions with the added complexity.
>>
>> And i've made it now explicit that the notifier MAY respond with all 
>> of these 3 ways if aggregate is requested. If notifier requests 
>> xcap-patching "aggregate" MUST NOT be used, and with "no-patching" 
>> naturally only the simplest mode is allowed.
>>
>>>
>>>> IIRC, in partial PIDF where we use the exact same patchings there's 
>>>> not a single line about this since this timer is inherited from the 
>>>> base PIDF package. In summary, you just don't have to do anything 
>>>> mysterious with timers except wait for a certain period of time. In 
>>>> practice, it happens to be quite a challenging task (but these 
>>>> specs usually _ignore_ the implementation PITA ;-))
>>>
>>> It's still not clear to me if this is just a "hard implementation" 
>>> problem or if it is really a conflict in normative requirements. 
>>> Coding aside, what do you expect the most commen behavior to be if 
>>> multiple changes occur inside the 5 second window, but the client 
>>> has not allowed aggregation? (The example requested above might help 
>>> me understand this.)
>>>
>> imo it is not a conflict, just a PITA in implementations, though 
>> sometimes a very nice optimization.
>
> I _think_ I am okay with this, pending seeing the new text.
>
> [...]
>
> Thanks!
>
> Ben.
>
great, i really hope you have time to look at the updated text when i 
get it "fully" ready with those reasonable examples ...

thanks,
Jari

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Subject: Re: [Sip] WGLC Comments on draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-01
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Jari Urpalainen wrote:

> the implicit rule _now_ for the notifier is: if you don't get a final 
> 200 ack for a notify, do not send a new request and for a timeout, tear 
> down the session (this is what i propose but as explicit). So what 
> happens with  4xx, 5xx, 6xx etc is unspecified. So the rule for waiting 
> for the 200 OK rules out-of-order. So if you get 4/5/6xx will that mean 
> drop-out possibility ? no imo, since you can't send a new one unless the 
> previous one has been sent successfully. So personally i _could_ go that 
> far that tear down always if return code != 200, but probably some 
> intelligent notifiers could resolve e.g. 413, though i have my doubts....

It is always be possible to get a 401 or 407 response to a NOTIFY, and 
it should be possible to retry it with the proper credentials. That 
ought not screw up the subscription. This could happen because your 
nonce expired on a long lived subscription.

Admittedly it would be pretty odd to have authorization in the NOTIFY 
direction, but it could be possible I think.

	Paul
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Apr  3 08:46:07 2008
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On Apr 3, 2008, at 9:39 AM, Jari Urpalainen wrote:

[...]

>>>>>> You cannot safely use non-sequential CSeq to detect missing  
>>>>>> NOTIFY requests. For example, if the NOTIFY request is  
>>>>>> challenged by an intervening proxy, the subscriber will see non- 
>>>>>> sequential CSeq values. It may be unusual for NOTIFY to get  
>>>>>> challenged, but unless we forbid it, then we cannot depend on  
>>>>>> CSeq for this purpose.
>>>>> ok, didn't think about that at all.
>>>>
>>>> This one needs some thought, then. There are actually a lot more  
>>>> causes than just digest challenges that may cause the client to  
>>>> see non-sequential CSeqs. If detection of lost notifies is  
>>>> critical, we need another solution (either to detect lost  
>>>> notifies or to remove the need to do so.)
>>> now I've managed to put this "utter crap" myself :-), sorry, i.e.  
>>> unordering doesn't happen when the notifier acts _properly_, so  
>>> it's better to move that text altogether.
>>
>> The text was more about missing NOTIFY requests than it was out-of- 
>> order NOTIFYs (CSeq will actually catch the out-of-order case). Are  
>> you saying that it is okay to not be able to detect missing  
>> NOTIFYs, even in patch mode? Note that missing and out-of-order  
>> notifies can (rarely, we hope)  happen due to intervening devices  
>> even if the notifier is perfectly well behaved.
>>
> the implicit rule _now_ for the notifier is: if you don't get a  
> final 200 ack for a notify, do not send a new request and for a  
> timeout, tear down the session (this is what i propose but as  
> explicit). So what happens with  4xx, 5xx, 6xx etc is unspecified.  
> So the rule for waiting for the 200 OK rules out-of-order. So if you  
> get 4/5/6xx will that mean drop-out possibility ? no imo, since you  
> can't send a new one unless the previous one has been sent  
> successfully. So personally i _could_ go that far that tear down  
> always if return code != 200, but probably some intelligent  
> notifiers could resolve e.g. 413, though i have my doubts....

Ah, I _think_ that helps, although keep in mind that not all non-200  
responses necessarily indicate the subscription should be torn down.

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Subject: [Sip] Final Reminder: SIPit 22 registration closes tomorrow (Friday)
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Registration for this SIPit closes this Friday (April 4).

If you've been waiting for the deadline to register - this is it.

RjS

------------

SIPit 22 will be hosted by the University of New Hampshire
Interoperability Laboratory
April 14 through 18, 2008.

Registration is $350 (USD) per person. Registration will close April 4.

Space is limited, so register early to ensure a seat.

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Subject: [Sip] Doubt in Invite client transaction - proceeding state
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Hi,

I looked into the previous threads too but couldn't clarify my doubt, so posting the question again.

My question is that how long will the client transaction be alive once we enter in proceeding state.

Previous threads suggest transaction will terminate when timer B, i.e. 64*T1 expires. But, what I see in RFC3261 - 17.1.1.2 fig. 5 (INVITE Client transaction) that timer B fires only in Calling state. There's no timer shown for proceeding state.

Does it mean that in proceeding state, the transaction will not terminate until the caller disconnects the call manually? 
 
GAURAV KHURANA 
# 91-9886646104





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<html><head><style type="text/css"><!-- DIV {margin:0px;} --></style></head><body><div style="font-family:verdana,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Hi,<br><br>I looked into the previous threads too but couldn't clarify my doubt, so posting the question again.<br><br>My question is that how long will the client transaction be alive once we enter in proceeding state.<br><br>Previous threads suggest transaction will terminate when timer B, i.e. 64*T1 expires. But, what I see in RFC3261 - 17.1.1.2 fig. 5 (INVITE Client transaction) that timer B fires only in Calling state. There's no timer shown for proceeding state.<br><br>Does it mean that in proceeding state, the transaction will not terminate until the caller disconnects the call manually? <br><div>&nbsp;</div><font face="lucida console, sans-serif">GAURAV KHURANA</font> <br># 91-9886646104<br><div><br></div></div><br>

      <hr size=1>You rock. That's why Blockbuster's offering you <a href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=47523/*http://tc.deals.yahoo.com/tc/blockbuster/text5.com">one month of Blockbuster Total Access</a>, No Cost.</body></html>
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	> <5C6820DA-CF95-4AAF-89B0-E61B9EF2B878@softarmor.com>
From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>,
	"Hadriel Kaplan" <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>,
	Christer Holmberg <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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Well, this just proves that it ain't that clear. Looks like Dean's 
definition of "re-routing" is broader than Hadriel's since it includes
strict routing in "the middle" not just "the end". Whatever we do, we should
get clear terms for "re-routing".

Jonathan's draft had the merit to make all this clearer.

Anyways, thanks Hadriel for confirming my understanding of your diagram.

I still don't see the difference between P-Called-ID and Target, i.e.,
"what are the cases where C != E", unless there is 2543-style strict routing.
And if there is, then I fail to see how P-Called-ID would be used: seems to 
me if P-Called-ID points to C instead of E, it is broken and should be fixed.

Of course maybe it's my non-existent knowledge of IMS. My question to Christer
would be "Is P-Called-ID as defined today, pointing to C, broken???".



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 18:46
> To: Hadriel Kaplan
> Cc: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Christer Holmberg; Hans 
> Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> 
> On Apr 2, 2008, at 6:05 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >
> >
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> >>
> >> Re-Targeting (RTRG) is when a Proxy changes a Request-URI to a 
> >> different one, outside of normal routing.  That's ok. For example, 
> >> bob@example.com to alice@example.com.
> >> What is the difference between RRT (Re-Routing) and Routing 
> >> (Routing)? I don't get it.
> >
> > I believe, based on the email discussion back in January, that "Re- 
> > Targeting" is when a Proxy re-targets the request to a new 
> entity, so 
> > yes for example from bob to charlie.  In that situation, I believe 
> > what both Jonathan and Christer want is the "target- info" 
> (the stuff 
> > we're trying to preserve) to be replaced by the new set (charlie's 
> > set).
> >
> > Re-Routing is when the proxy/registrar replaces the req-uri due to
> > AoR->contact resolution.  In that case we want to preserve the pre-
> > resolved target info.
> >
> 
> The difference between retargeting and rerouting is that 
> rerouting preserves the expected response identity, and 
> retargeting doesn't.
> 
> Assume connected-identity. In a "direct" call, one where no 
> proxy routing is done, we'd expect to see that the identity 
> sent by the target corresponds to the identity given for the 
> target in the request URI.
> 
> That is, if Alice has invited Bob, she's expecting the 
> connected- identity to be sourced from Bob.
> 
> This is preserved by typical "proxy contact routing",  to 
> which I applied the term "rerouting". The request URI gets 
> changed by the proxy, but the targeted identity doesn't.
> 
> So if Alice sends an INVITE for Bob's AOR to Bob's proxy, and 
> Bob's proxy reroutes the INVITE to Bob's UA using a 
> registered Contact, Bob still gets the call, and a 
> connected-identity expressed by his UA will still be for "Bob".
> 
> However, if Bob's proxy retargeted the request to 
> SpanishInquisition, the connected identity would no longer 
> match with the request. I call this the "unanticipated 
> respondent problem". After all, nobody expects the Spanish 
> Inquisition to answer Bob's calls.
> 
> This could be a real problem is we were using security 
> functions, since Alice might 1) not have keys for use with 
> the Spanish Inquisition, and 2) Alice might reasonably wonder 
> why they answered Bob's call.
> 
> Had we instead used a 302 to redirect Alice to the Spanish 
> Inquisition, she'd at least be forewarned.
> 
> So, routing and rerouting operations imply that the response 
> identity is equivalent to the pre-operation target identity. 
> Retargeting implies that the response identity is not 
> equivalent to the pre- operation target identity.
> 
> 
> > Routing is when a proxy routes.  I believe the intention 
> was that this 
> > mean the proxy does not touch the req-uri, but my guess is 
> that's not 
> > agreed is reality. (more on that later)
> 
> In RFC 2543, routing always required changing the ReqURI.  
> RFC 3261 loose-routing changed this, and proxies only change 
> the Request URI when changing the target. RFC 3261 does not 
> distinguish between target changes that change the identity 
> of the target and those that do not, hence the new terms 
> "rerouting" and "retargeting".
> 
> much text deleted . . .
> 
> >
> > My personal experience is proxies replace req-uri during routing a 
> > LOT, even when they're not resolving AoR->contact nor "re- 
> targeting".  
> > And what they're changing the req-uri to does not usually 
> affect the 
> > identity of the called party, because the username portion is not 
> > being changed, and it's an e.164.  So PCPID "works".  But for this 
> > target-info use-case you want parameters from the original req-uri, 
> > and those may not be there by the time it gets to R2 and a PCPID is 
> > created.  So that's my guess of why C != E. But it's just a guess.
> 
> I'd call that operation rerouting, not routing. It is the 
> functional equivalent of replacing the request-URI with a 
> Contact -- it's just that the new request-URI is determined 
> by some means other than registration against the AOR. This 
> might be, for example, via static provisioning, or by 
> matching against a TRIP routing table. The fact that the 
> userparts encode phone numbers is essentially irrelevant to 
> the question of what type of operation (routing, rerouting,
> retargeting) is used, although it might be very important to 
> how the proxy might decide which operation to use and which 
> destination to encode.
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> 
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From: "Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
To: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>,
	"Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>,
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Hi,

The P-Called-Party-ID is only inserted by the registrar of the UAS,
while the Target can be inserted also by other entities.

Regards,

Christer
 

-----Original Message-----
From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com] 
Sent: 2. huhtikuuta 2008 22:21
To: Christer Holmberg; Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen
Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals

As much as I read this, I still can't figure an example where the
P-Called-Header and the Target header are different:

   As defined in RFC3455 [5], if a SIP entity, which acts as registrar/
   home proxy for the terminating user, re-writes the Request-URI with
   the contact address of the registered UA it may insert a P-Called-
   Party-ID header field with the previous value of the Request-URI.

   The Target header field and P-Called-Party-ID header field have
   different semantics.  The Target header field represents the current
   target identity, while the P-Called-Party-ID represents the last
   Request-URI value used to reach the user before the Request-URI value
   was re-written with the Contact address of the UAS.  In some cases
   the P-Called-Party-ID may be the same as the current target but, it
   may also be the last route taken (not equal to the current target) to
   deliver the request.  Therefore the P-Called-Party-ID can not be used
   in a generic SIP environment to represent the current target. 

Can you give one. It seems to me that in both cases, the headers will
include the last Request-URI "just before it's replaced by the Contact
used in Registration".

Moving to History-Info...

The current text in History-Info is not clear at all about recording
both "current target" and recording the target that corresponds to the
"Contact that was used in Registration" for the last hop. In fact, none
of the example illustrate the process. The implication from the examples
is that the proxy retargetting would magically know the contact address.

My personal preference would be to up-issue History-Info to have a clear
indication (say a History-Info parameter) that identifies the Contact,
plus some rule mandating that the previous entry would be the last
target.
I would also want to fix all the examples to illustrate it. I will note
that for that approach to work, History-Info only needs to be supported
at the terminating retargeting proxy (just like target header).

The alternative is to use the proposed Target header. If we decide to go
that route, I still think that we need to up-issue History-Info (if
anything to illustrates how the Target header works in conjunction to
it). 

In either case I think we need to update History-Info at the same time
as we fix this problem.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Christer Holmberg [mailto:christer.holmberg@ericsson.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 10:19
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> 
> Francois,
> 
> I believe the confusion you are talking about was related to the first

> version of the draft, where we also talked about the P-Called-Party-ID

> header etc.
> 
> I tried to clarify that, and make the second version of the draft more

> clear. Based on the comments I have received the issues were 
> solved/clarified in the second version of the draft.
> 
> The only text left about P-Called-Party-ID is the paragraph where we 
> DO explain the difference between it and Target.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Christer
>  
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> Sent: 2. huhtikuuta 2008 19:19
> To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> The loose-route proposal is clear, but attempts to solve a much larger

> problem.
> 
> The new header proposal is very far from clear, as was demonstrated by

> the mailing list discussion, where nobody seems to agree on what the 
> header was supposed to mean. Most people didn't understand why it was 
> different than the P-Called-ID (or whatever that was).
> 
> Furthermore, what would that header actually mean? Is is the original 
> target as inserted by the first UAC? If so, why is it different than 
> the To header? Is it the target as modified by the originating 
> domain's proxy (for example, "fixing" the phone number to make it into

> a real
> E.164 number in a Tel or SIP URI?)? Or is it the last retargeting 
> address? Or any retargeting in between? And how do you define 
> retargeting in the first place?
> 
> The answers that Christer provided actually confused people who tought

> they understood the proposal (i.e., people who tought we were talking 
> about the P-Called header).
> 
> And finally, somebody needs to demonstrate how this can not overlap 
> with History-Info. Saying its "simpler" is misleading. It's simpler 
> until we analyse completely what we are actually shooting for.
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Hans Erik van Elburg [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com]
> > Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 02:43
> > To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > It is clearly not the same as History-Info header as has been 
> > explained in the draft and in several previous threads. It has also 
> > been explained why History-Info can not be used for this as is.
> > 
> > A simple new header with a clear semantics which provides a clean 
> > solution to the problem is therefore not even challenged by the 
> > History-Info header. Instead you should argue why 
> History-Info is so 
> > bloody good that we should use it for this. We just learned 
> that it is 
> > not even usable as a diagnostic tool.
> > 
> > Why carry a whole log of request URI rewrites around when 
> you are only 
> > interested in the current target???
> > 
> > /Hans Erik
> > 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 6:18 PM
> > To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > Any addition of a new header that nobody can explain 
> properly why it's 
> > not the same as History-Info IS rocket science.
> > 
> > It sounds like we are getting paid by the number of URI we 
> add to SIP.
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Hans Erik van Elburg 
> [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:07
> > > To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > > Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > > 
> > > The point is that History-Info does not solve the problem
> > so something
> > 
> > > new is needed anyway.
> > > 
> > > And proper use of History-Info is rocket science as Dale 
> has shown.
> > > 
> > > /Hans Erik
> > > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > Behalf Of
> > > Francois Audet
> > > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 2:16 AM
> > > To: Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > > 
> > > There are existing implementations of History-Info in the field.
> > > 
> > > It's not rocket science.
> > > 
> > > And I don't see why introducing something else will be 
> simpler. It 
> > > will just be extra complexity.
> > > 
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > > Behalf Of
> > > > Juha Heinanen
> > > > Sent: Saturday, March 29, 2008 05:48
> > > > To: Christer Holmberg
> > > > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > > > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > > > 
> > > > Christer Holmberg writes:
> > > > 
> > > >  > However, I still fail to understand how Target would be more 
> > > > "complex"
> > > >  > than e.g. History-Info. 
> > > > 
> > > > christer,
> > > > 
> > > > ANY solution for anything must be MUCH simpler than 
> history-info, 
> > > > which is far too complex by itself.
> > > > 
> > > > i haven't seen anyone fully implement history-info and
> > most likely
> > > > that is because of its complexity.  if you are now going
> > to invent
> > > > some other mechanism that is as complex or even more
> > > complex, it has
> > > > no change in real world.
> > > > 
> > > > i therefore suggest that h-i is deprecated and a replaced
> > > by a simpler
> > > 
> > > > mechanism.
> > > > 
> > > > -- juha
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > > > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > > > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on 
> current sip Use 
> > > > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > > > 
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > > 
> > 
> 
_______________________________________________
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>,
	"Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>,
	"Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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So what is the P-Called-Party-ID used for?

I'm trying to figure out the different use cases for P-Called-Party-ID versus
Target. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Christer Holmberg [mailto:christer.holmberg@ericsson.com] 
> Sent: Thursday, April 03, 2008 13:48
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> The P-Called-Party-ID is only inserted by the registrar of 
> the UAS, while the Target can be inserted also by other entities.
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From: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
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To: Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>,
	Christer Holmberg <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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Francois,

IMS has the notion of implicit registration, so when you register for 
AOR1 you may implicitly be registered for AOR2 and AOR3 as well. (Using 
the same Contact URI.)

So, when you subsequently receive an incoming request at your Contact 
URI, you can't tell from the Contact address which of the AORs was the 
target of the request. The P-Called-Party-ID allows you to figure that 
out, and therefore light up the proper line, or whatever, on your phone.

	Paul

Francois Audet wrote:
> So what is the P-Called-Party-ID used for?
> 
> I'm trying to figure out the different use cases for P-Called-Party-ID versus
> Target. 
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Christer Holmberg [mailto:christer.holmberg@ericsson.com] 
>> Sent: Thursday, April 03, 2008 13:48
>> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen
>> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
>> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
>>
>>
>> Hi,
>>
>> The P-Called-Party-ID is only inserted by the registrar of 
>> the UAS, while the Target can be inserted also by other entities.
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>,
	Christer Holmberg <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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What a mess.... I pitty the poor implementors who will have to implement this.

In any case, my preference is:

- An history-info-bis, with EXPLICIT history-info parameters that identify
  which entry is a Target and which one is the contact (from re-route). 
  That way you wouldn't need artificial intelligence to parse the history-info.
  Also, we would sort-out all the bugs in history info.

I can also deal with a new header, IF AND ONLY IF we also have a document that
described the accurately and without any ambivalence the different between
P-Called-Header and Target, AND if we still up-issue History-info to describe
how it works with this new header (and how history-info tracks everything).




> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com] 
> Sent: Thursday, April 03, 2008 14:46
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
> Cc: Christer Holmberg; Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; 
> sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> Francois,
> 
> IMS has the notion of implicit registration, so when you register for
> AOR1 you may implicitly be registered for AOR2 and AOR3 as 
> well. (Using the same Contact URI.)
> 
> So, when you subsequently receive an incoming request at your 
> Contact URI, you can't tell from the Contact address which of 
> the AORs was the target of the request. The P-Called-Party-ID 
> allows you to figure that out, and therefore light up the 
> proper line, or whatever, on your phone.
> 
> 	Paul
> 
> Francois Audet wrote:
> > So what is the P-Called-Party-ID used for?
> > 
> > I'm trying to figure out the different use cases for 
> P-Called-Party-ID 
> > versus Target.
> > 
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: Christer Holmberg [mailto:christer.holmberg@ericsson.com]
> >> Sent: Thursday, April 03, 2008 13:48
> >> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Hans Erik van Elburg; 
> Juha Heinanen
> >> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> >> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> >>
> >>
> >> Hi,
> >>
> >> The P-Called-Party-ID is only inserted by the registrar of 
> the UAS, 
> >> while the Target can be inserted also by other entities.
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> 
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)
Cc: sip@ietf.org, Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>, "DOLLY, MARTIN C,
	ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>,
	Christer Holmberg <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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Francois Audet writes:

 > What a mess.... I pitty the poor implementors who will have to
 > implement this.

paul's explanation about p-called-party-id was clear to me and it is
extremely easy to implement in openser proxy.

 > In any case, my preference is:

 > I can also deal with a new header, IF AND ONLY IF we also have a
 > document that
 > described the accurately and without any ambivalence the different
 > between P-Called-Header and Target, AND if we still up-issue
 > History-info to describe how it works with this new header (and how
 > history-info tracks everything).

i don't know about Target, but history-info is easy to deal with: we
simply deprecate it as a too complex thing that no popular sip proxies
or user agents have implemented.

-- juha
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Date: Fri, 4 Apr 2008 12:32:00 +0530
From: "ajay thakur" <thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com>
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Subject: [Sip] multiple register server or multiple outbound proxies
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Hi,
I have doubt about having multiple registrar server configuration and
multiple outbound server configuration on the phones?
And is it really required? Any comments on this ?



Thanks
Ajay

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<div>Hi,</div>
<div>I have doubt about having multiple registrar server configuration and</div>
<div>multiple outbound server configuration on the phones?</div>
<div>And is it really required? Any comments on this ?</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Thanks</div>
<div>Ajay&nbsp;</div>

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Subject: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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Sorry about the HTML formating. I'm too lazy to wrap my lines. And  
yes, this should probably be in an ID, but I'm too lazy for that too.

Here's why the answers seem to be confusing -- the question is  
confused. I'd like to try and rein it in a bit, and make a proposal.

We have a couple of things we want:

1) Delivery of application-specific info (aka "parameters") from the  
originating UA to the terminating UA

2) Delivery of parameters from proxies to the terminating UA

3) Information to allow the terminating UA to know which application,  
function, or identity (or something else) at that UA is being targeted  
by the request, over and above the mundane aspects of the request such  
as ordinary headers and bodies. Presumably this information is  
inserted somehow along the way, either at the source UA or some  
intermediate (proxy or the like) node. This information may, or may  
not, be the same as #1 and #2 above.

4) We think we have a need for the terminating UA to figure out who  
inserted each bit of information. I find this compelling.

5) We think we have a need for the terminating UA to understand the  
entire decision tree that resulted in the call arriving at it. I don't  
find this compelling at all (which is why I opposed  Diversion and  
History-Info), as I think that every application people THINK they  
need this for is more readily addressed by 1-3.

These "needs" have been getting tangled up in the most perniciously  
confusing sorts of ways I can imagine. We have History-Info,  
Diversion, P-This-That-And-the-Other-Thing, and probably a couple of  
dozen other hackneyed ways to work around this problem.  Quite  
probably a large number of the SIP extension headers we've documented  
have been narrow application-specific functions that really didn't  
need an RFC, but since an RFC is required to get a header, we've had  
to do a lot of work.

Why don't we have an easy answer?

The problem starts with SIP's take-off from HTTP. If we were using  
HTTP, we could use request-URI parameters to talk to the application.  
This works very well in HTTP land, since outside of very specialized  
cases, HTTP proxies don't change the request URI, and when they do  
it's an additive thing ; they add parameters as needed. Note that  
neither IETF nor W3C has found it needful to standardize HTTP request  
parameters. Any fool can code up a CGI script that uses new ones, and  
the neat thing is, they're always scoped to the application in use.

Let's look at the request for my Google home page:

http://www.google.com/ig?hl=en&source=iglk

This conveys the location of the target node, an application  
identifier, and two parameters delivered to that application. The  
target node is www.google.com, the application is "ig", and the  
parameters are "hl", which has a value of "en", and "source", which  
has a value of "iglk".

RFC 2543 just didn't work this way. Every proxy mangled the request  
URI to the best of its ability, such that there was absolutely no way  
to use the request URI to pass any useful information between UAs. I'm  
not sure why we went down this path. I argued against it at the time,  
but obviously I lost that argument. We partially fixed this with loose  
routing in RFC 3261, but we didn't fix it well enough, and we still  
have the problem. Jonathan's UA Loose Routing draft has tried to get  
us closer to the HTTP model (but do so with full backward  
compatibility), and lots of people have complained about the apparent  
resulting complexity. It shouldn't be complex -- it's so easy with  
HTTP, but SIP just isn't HTTP anymore.

We've tried putting stuff into body parts, and the ongoing war over  
proxy manipulation of body parts and requirements for multi-part MIME  
has been running for years now. Besides, we don't really have a way of  
indicating which body part does what, as the MIME syntax just doesn't  
give us a handle on it.

We have P-Called-Party-ID, which satisfies a subset of problem #3 by  
letting the terminating UA know which identity at that UA the request  
is targeting (and this COULD be used to indicate an application as  
opposed to a user, I suppose).

We also have Target, a header that as proposed provides a sort of  
partial combination of 3, 4, and 5 by basically stacking up another  
header instance every time a proxy changes the request URI. As I  
understand the author's intentions (which is not what I get from the  
draft), the idea is that every URI seen on the path from UAC to UAS is  
recorded in an instance of the Target header, One can then read the  
list backwards, and sort of guess which one was inserted by various  
proxies and maybe figure out which one was inserted by the originating  
UA. I mostly like what I think I understand of the author's  
intentions, but it's not QUITE what I want.

And I have a head ache from trying to sort this stuff out.

So here's a suggestion for a Radically Different Approach.

Let's define a new SIP extension header field. I call it "Params" for  
now.

Eachs Params header field contains one or more parameter=value pairs.  
The only mandatory of these pairs encodes the role (UA, proxy) and  
identity of the node inserting the Params field. Another pair might  
encode the URI targeted by the request as it leaves that node (which  
is probably only useful for debugging). Another pair might encode the  
identity targeted by the request, which as we know is not the same as  
the URI of the request. Still more pairs would encode any parameters  
being delivered to the UAS terminating the request. We also need a  
rule: only insert a Params if you expect it to be useful to the  
terminating UAS.  If you aren't changing something , DON'T PUT ONE IN!

So, here's an example (with many fields left out)

Alice-1-->AliceOutboundProxy--2-->BobHomeProxy--3-- 
 >BobOutboundProxy--4-->Bob


Message 1: (note that the param MyAppID=23 is encoded by Alice)

INVITE sisp:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
From: sips:alice@192.168.2.1
To: sips:bob@example.com
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.168.2.1
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS alice.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Params: role=ua,src=sips:alice@192.168.2.1,MyAppID=23

Message 2: (note no new Params)

INVITE sips:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
From: sips:alice@192.168.2.1
To: sips:bob@example.com
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.168.2.1
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS alice.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS aoproxy.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Params: role=ua,src=sips:alice@192.168.2.1,MyAppID=23

Message 3: (retargeting occurs)

INVITE sips:bob@192.16.2.2 SIP/2.0
From: sips:alice@192.168.2.1
To: sips:bob@example.com
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.168.2.1
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS alice.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS aoproxy.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS bproxy.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Params: role=ua,src=sips:alice@192.168.2.1,MyAppID=23
Params: role=proxy,src=bproxy.example.com,target=<sips:bob@example.com>


Message 4: (note no new Params)

INVITE sips:bob@192.16.2.2 SIP/2.0
From: sips:alice@192.168.2.1
To: sips:bob@example.com
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.168.2.1
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS alice.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS aoproxy.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS bproxy.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS boproxy.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Params: role=ua,src=sips:alice@192.168.2.1,MyAppID=23
Params: role=proxy,src=bproxy.example.com,target=<sips:bob@example.com>


So with this request, Bob's UA can look at it and say "Ok, this  
requested is targeted to sips:bob@example.com, so I'd best respond  
appropriately.  And oh look, the originating UA wants me to know that  
MyAppID=23." Diagnostically, we can also look at it and see that there  
was a retargeting at the proxy bproxy.example.com, since said proxy  
was kind enough to insert the Params telling us so.

Ok, now I can hear people screaming "But this is what History-Info  
does!"

That might be. I'm not sure I actually understood History-Info. But  
this seems a bunch simpler, AND it allows for inclusion of "forward  
knowledge" (i.e., parameters inserted under application control)  
rather than only "backward knowledge" (a record of the decisions that  
got us here). Hence RFC 3087 / RFC 4458 type control mechanisms can be  
used effectively. Hint: If you have a voice mail application that is  
dependent on knowing that a retargeting decision resulted from a  busy  
condition, it's easy to put a "cause=busy" into the relevant Params.  
Note also that this doesn't seem to capture the full range of History- 
Info cases. I think it is a simpler replacement that gives the  
required functionality. And since it's just new extension header  
fields, it is 100% backwards compatible.

There are also some interesting anonymization interactions. For  
example, if you don't want to reveal a source, use anonymous or a temp- 
gruu in the "src=" Params. Or better yet, don't insert a Params at  
all! They're optional except when rerouting or retargeting.

--
Dean




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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 00:30:33 2008
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From: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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Subject: [Sip] Preventing unanticipated respondent syndrome when retargeting
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I define "unanticipated respondent syndrome" as the sense of surprise  
Alice gets when she calls Bob, only to have the call answered by  
Charlie. This is especially problematic if the sorts of security  
operations that depend on Alice having some sort of keying  
relationship with Charlie become important.

Alice is expecting:

Alice--1-->Proxy--2-->Bob

but instead she gets:

Alice--1-->Proxy--2-->Charlie

because Bob forwarded his phone to Charlie, or because Charlie, who is  
authorized to do so, registered as a contact for Bob, and Bob didn't  
answer (or has a lwoer qvalue, or whatever)

RFC 4916 lets Alice find out who answered the phone in the most  
difficult of cases, and other techniques like P-Asserted-Identity in a  
response address simpler cases (or we can use endpoint- asserted RFC  
4474 Identity when the keys are known or discoverable). So that's not  
a problem. Alice can figure out that she's talking to Charlie, once  
they get connected.

The only problem is cluing in Alice that she's about to be talking to  
Charlie instead of Bob.

In the cases I've identified above, the proxy knows that it is  
retargeting the request to Charlie, not rerouting the request to Bob.  
How does it know this? It either a) knows that the Call Forwarding  
feature has been activated, and that's always a retarget, or b) knows  
that the contact for Bob was registered by Charlie, who isn't Bob (but  
that Charlie is authorized to register for Bob's AOR). In fact, if  
this the case, it knows both Charlie's authentication identity and his  
contact.

Since the proxy knows, it should be able to inform Alice.

I therefore propose a provisional response from Proxy to Alice, which  
I'll provisionally call "121 (Retargeting)"

A proxy executing a retargeting operation (by which we mean an  
operation that replaces the request URI such that the authenticated  
identity of the new request URI is different from the authenticated  
identity of the old one) SHOULD return a 121 (Retargeting) provisional  
response. The 121 response contains a Contact header field, the value  
of which is the new identity being targeted. Optionally, we might  
include some sort of "cause" parameter, explaining why the request is  
being retargeted (like "Bob's dead, talk to Charlie").

If a proxy doesn't know whether it is rerouting or retargeting, it  
SHOULD assume that it is retargeting, and send the appropriate 121  
response.

In conclusion, this preserves the proxy-mediated functionality  
required for draft-ietf-sip-outbound, while giving us the I-know-who-I- 
expect-to-reach function of a 302 (Redirect).

Yeah, this should be an I-D. I'm now accepting volunteer co-authors to  
do the dirty work, assuming this idea gets any traction.

--
Dean

_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 00:32:56 2008
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From: "rossi kamal" <rossikamal@gmail.com>
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Would anyone suggest me on the key management protocols in existent SIP clients

if there is article or journal it would be preferable
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 00:45:42 2008
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From: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
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Is this any different then 181 Call Is Being Forwarded from RFC3261? 

-----Original Message-----
From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Dean Willis
Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 9:30 AM
To: sip@ietf.org List
Subject: [Sip] Preventing unanticipated respondent syndrome when
retargeting

I define "unanticipated respondent syndrome" as the sense of surprise
Alice gets when she calls Bob, only to have the call answered by
Charlie. This is especially problematic if the sorts of security
operations that depend on Alice having some sort of keying relationship
with Charlie become important.

Alice is expecting:

Alice--1-->Proxy--2-->Bob

but instead she gets:

Alice--1-->Proxy--2-->Charlie

because Bob forwarded his phone to Charlie, or because Charlie, who is
authorized to do so, registered as a contact for Bob, and Bob didn't
answer (or has a lwoer qvalue, or whatever)

RFC 4916 lets Alice find out who answered the phone in the most
difficult of cases, and other techniques like P-Asserted-Identity in a
response address simpler cases (or we can use endpoint- asserted RFC
4474 Identity when the keys are known or discoverable). So that's not a
problem. Alice can figure out that she's talking to Charlie, once they
get connected.

The only problem is cluing in Alice that she's about to be talking to
Charlie instead of Bob.

In the cases I've identified above, the proxy knows that it is
retargeting the request to Charlie, not rerouting the request to Bob.  
How does it know this? It either a) knows that the Call Forwarding
feature has been activated, and that's always a retarget, or b) knows
that the contact for Bob was registered by Charlie, who isn't Bob (but
that Charlie is authorized to register for Bob's AOR). In fact, if this
the case, it knows both Charlie's authentication identity and his
contact.

Since the proxy knows, it should be able to inform Alice.

I therefore propose a provisional response from Proxy to Alice, which
I'll provisionally call "121 (Retargeting)"

A proxy executing a retargeting operation (by which we mean an operation
that replaces the request URI such that the authenticated identity of
the new request URI is different from the authenticated identity of the
old one) SHOULD return a 121 (Retargeting) provisional response. The 121
response contains a Contact header field, the value of which is the new
identity being targeted. Optionally, we might include some sort of
"cause" parameter, explaining why the request is being retargeted (like
"Bob's dead, talk to Charlie").

If a proxy doesn't know whether it is rerouting or retargeting, it
SHOULD assume that it is retargeting, and send the appropriate 121
response.

In conclusion, this preserves the proxy-mediated functionality required
for draft-ietf-sip-outbound, while giving us the I-know-who-I-
expect-to-reach function of a 302 (Redirect).

Yeah, this should be an I-D. I'm now accepting volunteer co-authors to
do the dirty work, assuming this idea gets any traction.

--
Dean

_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use
sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use
sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
_______________________________________________
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Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 00:57:01 2008
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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References: <200803251629.m2PGTC0N025942@dragon.ariadne.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066D81@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><28F05913385EAC43AF019413F674A0171246ED51@OCCLUST04EVS1.ugd.att.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066D85@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><18414.14946.299667.816439@harjus.tutpro.com>
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From: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
To: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>, "Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>,
	"Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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Of course that is why we are having these discussions.

- P-Called-Party-ID does not carry this information. As has been
explained. It might sometimes carry the same URI, but it has a different
meaning.
- History-Information does not carry this information. As has been
explained. It might somewhere carry the same URI, but if that is not
extractable as being the one we need, then what good is it. You may not
like it but that is how it is.

Otherwise WE would not have proposed a new header.

/Hans Erik 

-----Original Message-----
From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 6:53 PM
To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals

Again, the burden is on the proponent of the new header to prove that a
new header is needed when we apparently have headers that carries the
same information, and more. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hans Erik van Elburg [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 02:43
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> It is clearly not the same as History-Info header as has been 
> explained in the draft and in several previous threads. It has also 
> been explained why History-Info can not be used for this as is.
> 
> A simple new header with a clear semantics which provides a clean 
> solution to the problem is therefore not even challenged by the 
> History-Info header. Instead you should argue why History-Info is so 
> bloody good that we should use it for this. We just learned that it is

> not even usable as a diagnostic tool.
> 
> Why carry a whole log of request URI rewrites around when you are only

> interested in the current target???
> 
> /Hans Erik
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 6:18 PM
> To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> Any addition of a new header that nobody can explain properly why it's

> not the same as History-Info IS rocket science.
> 
> It sounds like we are getting paid by the number of URI we add to SIP.
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Hans Erik van Elburg [mailto:hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:07
> > To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > The point is that History-Info does not solve the problem
> so something
> 
> > new is needed anyway.
> > 
> > And proper use of History-Info is rocket science as Dale has shown.
> > 
> > /Hans Erik
> > 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of
> > Francois Audet
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 2:16 AM
> > To: Juha Heinanen; Christer Holmberg
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > There are existing implementations of History-Info in the field.
> > 
> > It's not rocket science.
> > 
> > And I don't see why introducing something else will be simpler. It 
> > will just be extra complexity.
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > Behalf Of
> > > Juha Heinanen
> > > Sent: Saturday, March 29, 2008 05:48
> > > To: Christer Holmberg
> > > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > > Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > > 
> > > Christer Holmberg writes:
> > > 
> > >  > However, I still fail to understand how Target would be more 
> > > "complex"
> > >  > than e.g. History-Info. 
> > > 
> > > christer,
> > > 
> > > ANY solution for anything must be MUCH simpler than history-info, 
> > > which is far too complex by itself.
> > > 
> > > i haven't seen anyone fully implement history-info and
> most likely
> > > that is because of its complexity.  if you are now going
> to invent
> > > some other mechanism that is as complex or even more
> > complex, it has
> > > no change in real world.
> > > 
> > > i therefore suggest that h-i is deprecated and a replaced
> > by a simpler
> > 
> > > mechanism.
> > > 
> > > -- juha
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> 
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 01:06:33 2008
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Date: Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:04:30 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
In-reply-to: <7D9AB6CF-9DAF-4F5B-B777-C695B8A30E22@softarmor.com>
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Dean,

We already have 181 Call is Being Forwarded, which has a very similar
meaning. Of course, we don't specify use of the Contact header field in
that response, but can't we add it?

John 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Dean Willis
> Sent: 04 April 2008 08:30
> To: sip@ietf.org List
> Subject: [Sip] Preventing unanticipated respondent syndrome 
> when retargeting
> 
> I define "unanticipated respondent syndrome" as the sense of 
> surprise  
> Alice gets when she calls Bob, only to have the call answered by  
> Charlie. This is especially problematic if the sorts of security  
> operations that depend on Alice having some sort of keying  
> relationship with Charlie become important.
> 
> Alice is expecting:
> 
> Alice--1-->Proxy--2-->Bob
> 
> but instead she gets:
> 
> Alice--1-->Proxy--2-->Charlie
> 
> because Bob forwarded his phone to Charlie, or because 
> Charlie, who is  
> authorized to do so, registered as a contact for Bob, and Bob didn't  
> answer (or has a lwoer qvalue, or whatever)
> 
> RFC 4916 lets Alice find out who answered the phone in the most  
> difficult of cases, and other techniques like 
> P-Asserted-Identity in a  
> response address simpler cases (or we can use endpoint- asserted RFC  
> 4474 Identity when the keys are known or discoverable). So 
> that's not  
> a problem. Alice can figure out that she's talking to Charlie, once  
> they get connected.
> 
> The only problem is cluing in Alice that she's about to be 
> talking to  
> Charlie instead of Bob.
> 
> In the cases I've identified above, the proxy knows that it is  
> retargeting the request to Charlie, not rerouting the request 
> to Bob.  
> How does it know this? It either a) knows that the Call Forwarding  
> feature has been activated, and that's always a retarget, or 
> b) knows  
> that the contact for Bob was registered by Charlie, who isn't 
> Bob (but  
> that Charlie is authorized to register for Bob's AOR). In fact, if  
> this the case, it knows both Charlie's authentication 
> identity and his  
> contact.
> 
> Since the proxy knows, it should be able to inform Alice.
> 
> I therefore propose a provisional response from Proxy to 
> Alice, which  
> I'll provisionally call "121 (Retargeting)"
> 
> A proxy executing a retargeting operation (by which we mean an  
> operation that replaces the request URI such that the authenticated  
> identity of the new request URI is different from the authenticated  
> identity of the old one) SHOULD return a 121 (Retargeting) 
> provisional  
> response. The 121 response contains a Contact header field, 
> the value  
> of which is the new identity being targeted. Optionally, we might  
> include some sort of "cause" parameter, explaining why the 
> request is  
> being retargeted (like "Bob's dead, talk to Charlie").
> 
> If a proxy doesn't know whether it is rerouting or retargeting, it  
> SHOULD assume that it is retargeting, and send the appropriate 121  
> response.
> 
> In conclusion, this preserves the proxy-mediated functionality  
> required for draft-ietf-sip-outbound, while giving us the 
> I-know-who-I- 
> expect-to-reach function of a 302 (Redirect).
> 
> Yeah, this should be an I-D. I'm now accepting volunteer 
> co-authors to  
> do the dirty work, assuming this idea gets any traction.
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 01:19:22 2008
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Date: Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:18:29 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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After a longer delay than planned, I want to try to kick off discussions
on RFC 4474 issues again.
After much activity during IETF71, this is where I think we are, roughly
speaking:

There would seem to be 3 main issues:
1) Use of E.164-based SIP URIs within a SIP environment.
2) Use of E.164-based SIP URIs for numbers received from PSTN.
3) The SBC problem.

Item 1)(use of E.164-based SIP URI within SIP environment)
In fact, there are two angles on this item:

1a) the accuracy of the E.164 number, as characterised by questions such
as "is that number assigned to the originator of this request?" This is
independent of DTLS-SRTP;

1b) the meaning of the domain part, which does have a bearing on
DTLS-SRTP. It means the media are secured as far as that domain, so that
if that domain is an organisation you want to talk to, fine, but if it
is some intermediary, then you may be concerned.

I think there is a certain consensus that we can't do much more than
document this problem, but on the other hand we can try to avoid it to
some extent by encouraging the use of "email-style" SIP URIs.
E.164-based URIs will still be needed, particularly for interworking
with PSTN but also in those SIP environments where E.164 numbers are
more easily handled (e.g., phones with number-based user interfaces).
But perhaps we can explore more the possibility of using the two forms
in parallel, e.g., E.164-based in PAI (e.g., as TEL URI) and email-style
in From. I know Dan has an interesting straw man on this topic. I will
call this topic "Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs" and start
a new thread.

Item 2) (E.164-based SIP URIs from PSTN)
There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to the URI or
to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of authenticity. I
will start a new thread with the title "RFC 4474 and PSTN".

Item 3) (SBC traversal)
This received relatively little discussion during IETF 71 and on the
mailing list. I will start a new thread "RFC 4474 and SBC traversal".

There is of course interaction between 1) and 3), in that SBC
intervention can lead to re-signing, thereby solving 3) but introducing
1b).

As I said above, I will start 3 separate threads to further discuss
these three topics. The objective is to have a proposed way forward on
the separate topics by the next meeting, in terms of I-Ds, BoF proposals
or whatever.

So if you want to address those problems, please respond to the
appropriate thread. Respond to this email only if you have comments on
my interpretation of the set of problems or on the proposed process.

John
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 01:19:23 2008
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Date: Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:18:39 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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On this thread I would like to explore what can be done in terms of
avoiding the issues concerned with RFC 4474 and E.164-based SIP URIs by
migration towards the use of email-style URIs.
E.164-based URIs will still be needed, particularly for interworking
with PSTN but also in those SIP environments where E.164 numbers are
more easily handled (e.g., phones with number-based user interfaces).
But perhaps we can explore more the possibility of using the two forms
in parallel, e.g., E.164-based in PAI (e.g., as TEL URI) and email-style
in From. I know Dan has an interesting straw man on this topic, which I
will allow him to present himself.

John
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Date: Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:19:06 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to the URI or
to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of authenticity or
the opposite (i.e.,lack of such an indicator would mean the guarantee is
low, i.e., the identity has not been verified).

I think on this issue it is just a matter of somebody putting things
together into a draft. I think Dean and/or Adam were the main initiators
of this proposal - something like a source=pstn parameter. Would
somebody care to author a draft? Or do we need further discussion?

John
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 01:19:24 2008
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From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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SBCs do exist, often for good reasons that Hadriel has expanded on
already. I firmly believe that DTLS-SRTP will not be deployable in a
meaningful way without addressing this problem. Concerning solutions, we
have drafts from Kai and Dan, or perhaps a merger of the two somehow
would work. It also depends to some extent whether we are talking only
about email-style URIs or about E.164-based URIs too.

John
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 01:50:57 2008
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I would instead not put the SIP Identity header there.
No additional work needed.

Ciao
Hannes

Elwell, John wrote:
> There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to the URI or
> to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of authenticity or
> the opposite (i.e.,lack of such an indicator would mean the guarantee is
> low, i.e., the identity has not been verified).
>
> I think on this issue it is just a matter of somebody putting things
> together into a draft. I think Dean and/or Adam were the main initiators
> of this proposal - something like a source=pstn parameter. Would
> somebody care to author a draft? Or do we need further discussion?
>
> John
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>   

_______________________________________________
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 01:50:58 2008
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I wonder whether RFC 4474 isn't doing fine when you assume that E.164 
numbers apear in an email style format.
The assumption there is, however, that devices display the domain part 
as well (which they don't do today) and user's actually configure their 
authorization policies in a way that it includes both the E.164 number 
and a corresponding domain name.

Hence, this is not a standardization problem but a usability issue.

Do I misunderstand your proposal?

Ciao
Hannes


Elwell, John wrote:
> On this thread I would like to explore what can be done in terms of
> avoiding the issues concerned with RFC 4474 and E.164-based SIP URIs by
> migration towards the use of email-style URIs.
> E.164-based URIs will still be needed, particularly for interworking
> with PSTN but also in those SIP environments where E.164 numbers are
> more easily handled (e.g., phones with number-based user interfaces).
> But perhaps we can explore more the possibility of using the two forms
> in parallel, e.g., E.164-based in PAI (e.g., as TEL URI) and email-style
> in From. I know Dan has an interesting straw man on this topic, which I
> will allow him to present himself.
>
> John
> _______________________________________________
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> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>   

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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 01:50:59 2008
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This issue is totally independent from E.164

I don't like the idea of requiring DTLS-SRTP to provide proof of 
possession of the keying material.

Ciao
Hannes


Elwell, John wrote:
> SBCs do exist, often for good reasons that Hadriel has expanded on
> already. I firmly believe that DTLS-SRTP will not be deployable in a
> meaningful way without addressing this problem. Concerning solutions, we
> have drafts from Kai and Dan, or perhaps a merger of the two somehow
> would work. It also depends to some extent whether we are talking only
> about email-style URIs or about E.164-based URIs too.
>
> John
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>   

_______________________________________________
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Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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On Apr 4, 2008, at 2:45 AM, Hans Erik van Elburg wrote:
> Dean mumbled:
>> I therefore propose a provisional response from Proxy to Alice, which
>> I'll provisionally call "121 (Retargeting)"
> Is this any different then 181 Call Is Being Forwarded from RFC3261?

Well, 181 is rather totally unspecified, AFAIK.

Th main difference is that the proposed 121 has a Contact that tells  
you where the call is being forwarded. It also specifically means that  
the call was "retargeted" meaning that the anticipated respondent has  
changed.

It might be reasonable to "further specify" 181 to mean the same  
thing, since, AFAIK, nobody ever actually used 181 for anything.

John Elwell made a try at it in draft-elwell-sipping-redirection- 
reason-01, but this lacked the whole "Contact" parameter bit that  
tells the recipient where the call is being forwarded to.

--
Dean

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On Apr 4, 2008, at 3:04 AM, Elwell, John wrote:
> Dean,
>
> We already have 181 Call is Being Forwarded, which has a very similar
> meaning. Of course, we don't specify use of the Contact header field  
> in
> that response, but can't we add it?
>

I suppose that would work. The question is, does 181 imply that the  
anticipated response identity has changed? It seems like one might get  
a 181 on contact-rerouting.

I suppose we could also document 181 to only apply in a retargeting  
(or suspected retargeting, if the proxy doesn't know) case.

--
Dean

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From: "Fischer, Kai" <kai.fischer@siemens.com>
To: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@gmx.net>,
	"Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Hi Hannes,
what's than your recommendation how to handle SRTP (based on DTLS-SRTP)
for calls originated from PSTN and transferred to IP?
-Don't allow SRTP for such calls and fall back to RTP
-Allow SRTP, but don't protect the certificate fingerprint

Kai
 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Hannes Tschofenig
> Sent: Freitag, 4. April 2008 10:51
> To: Elwell, John
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
> 
> I would instead not put the SIP Identity header there.
> No additional work needed.
> 
> Ciao
> Hannes
> 
> Elwell, John wrote:
> > There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to 
> the URI or
> > to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of 
> authenticity or
> > the opposite (i.e.,lack of such an indicator would mean the 
> guarantee is
> > low, i.e., the identity has not been verified).
> >
> > I think on this issue it is just a matter of somebody putting things
> > together into a draft. I think Dean and/or Adam were the 
> main initiators
> > of this proposal - something like a source=pstn parameter. Would
> > somebody care to author a draft? Or do we need further discussion?
> >
> > John
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> > Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> >   
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> 
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 3:50 AM, Hannes Tschofenig wrote:
> I would instead not put the SIP Identity header there.
> No additional work needed.


Well, the problem is that you do apparently gain some benefit from the  
presence of the Identity header when used with DTLS-SRTP.

The DTLS-SRTP draft says:

> The certificate fingerprints are sent in SDP over SIP as part of the  
> offer/answer exchange. The SIP Identity mechanism [RFC4474] is used  
> to provide integrity for the fingerprints.

So, to the extent that fingerprint integrity is useful, RFC 4474  
identities are useful even when the assertion of identity is not strong.

--
Dean
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I wrote that text in the DTLS-SRTP framework document and when I wrote 
it I did not think about E.164 number usage.

As mentioned at the last meeting a bit more detail about the different 
use cases needs to be written. .

I don't think that there is a lot (if any) benefit of using SIP Identity 
when the call comes from the PSTN.

Ciao
Hannes


Dean Willis wrote:
>
>
> On Apr 4, 2008, at 3:50 AM, Hannes Tschofenig wrote:
>> I would instead not put the SIP Identity header there.
>> No additional work needed.
>
>
> Well, the problem is that you do apparently gain some benefit from the 
> presence of the Identity header when used with DTLS-SRTP.
>
> The DTLS-SRTP draft says:
>
>> The certificate fingerprints are sent in SDP over SIP as part of the 
>> offer/answer exchange. The SIP Identity mechanism [RFC4474] is used 
>> to provide integrity for the fingerprints.
>
> So, to the extent that fingerprint integrity is useful, RFC 4474 
> identities are useful even when the assertion of identity is not strong.
>
> -- 
> Dean

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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> -Allow SRTP, but don't protect the certificate fingerprint
>   
That's what I would do.


Ciao
Hannes

> Kai
>  
>
>   
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
>> Behalf Of Hannes Tschofenig
>> Sent: Freitag, 4. April 2008 10:51
>> To: Elwell, John
>> Cc: sip@ietf.org
>> Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
>>
>> I would instead not put the SIP Identity header there.
>> No additional work needed.
>>
>> Ciao
>> Hannes
>>
>> Elwell, John wrote:
>>     
>>> There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to 
>>>       
>> the URI or
>>     
>>> to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of 
>>>       
>> authenticity or
>>     
>>> the opposite (i.e.,lack of such an indicator would mean the 
>>>       
>> guarantee is
>>     
>>> low, i.e., the identity has not been verified).
>>>
>>> I think on this issue it is just a matter of somebody putting things
>>> together into a draft. I think Dean and/or Adam were the 
>>>       
>> main initiators
>>     
>>> of this proposal - something like a source=pstn parameter. Would
>>> somebody care to author a draft? Or do we need further discussion?
>>>
>>> John
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>   
>>>       
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>
>>     

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From: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
To: "Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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ETSI and TISPAN use it for their Communication Diversion service, that
means that people are using it. 

They stick in the History-Info header containing an entry for the
diverting party and an entry for the diverted-to party. In fact they use
History-Info here to say something about the future of the request;-)

/Hans Erik 

-----Original Message-----
From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com] 
Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 10:55 AM
To: Hans Erik van Elburg
Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] Preventing unanticipated respondent syndrome when
retargeting


On Apr 4, 2008, at 2:45 AM, Hans Erik van Elburg wrote:
> Dean mumbled:
>> I therefore propose a provisional response from Proxy to Alice, which

>> I'll provisionally call "121 (Retargeting)"
> Is this any different then 181 Call Is Being Forwarded from RFC3261?

Well, 181 is rather totally unspecified, AFAIK.

Th main difference is that the proposed 121 has a Contact that tells you
where the call is being forwarded. It also specifically means that the
call was "retargeted" meaning that the anticipated respondent has
changed.

It might be reasonable to "further specify" 181 to mean the same thing,
since, AFAIK, nobody ever actually used 181 for anything.

John Elwell made a try at it in draft-elwell-sipping-redirection-
reason-01, but this lacked the whole "Contact" parameter bit that tells
the recipient where the call is being forwarded to.

--
Dean

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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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There are actually two things that could be reasonable:

* Use SRTP but without DTLS-SRTP (just use SDES in this case)
* Use SRTP with DTLS-SRTP but without protecting the fingerprint. Hence, 
SIP Identity would not be used.

Ciao
Hannes


Hannes Tschofenig wrote:
>> -Allow SRTP, but don't protect the certificate fingerprint
>>   
>>     
> That's what I would do.
>
>
> Ciao
> Hannes
>
>   
>> Kai
>>  
>>
>>   
>>     
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
>>> Behalf Of Hannes Tschofenig
>>> Sent: Freitag, 4. April 2008 10:51
>>> To: Elwell, John
>>> Cc: sip@ietf.org
>>> Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
>>>
>>> I would instead not put the SIP Identity header there.
>>> No additional work needed.
>>>
>>> Ciao
>>> Hannes
>>>
>>> Elwell, John wrote:
>>>     
>>>       
>>>> There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to 
>>>>       
>>>>         
>>> the URI or
>>>     
>>>       
>>>> to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of 
>>>>       
>>>>         
>>> authenticity or
>>>     
>>>       
>>>> the opposite (i.e.,lack of such an indicator would mean the 
>>>>       
>>>>         
>>> guarantee is
>>>     
>>>       
>>>> low, i.e., the identity has not been verified).
>>>>
>>>> I think on this issue it is just a matter of somebody putting things
>>>> together into a draft. I think Dean and/or Adam were the 
>>>>       
>>>>         
>>> main initiators
>>>     
>>>       
>>>> of this proposal - something like a source=pstn parameter. Would
>>>> somebody care to author a draft? Or do we need further discussion?
>>>>
>>>> John
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>>   
>>>>       
>>>>         
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>
>>>     
>>>       
>
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>   

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> This issue is totally independent from E.164

Not fully. SBCs may exchange the domain part of the E.164 SIP URI, which
causes a break of the RFC 4474 signature. With email-style URIs a simple
exchange is not possible.

> 
> I don't like the idea of requiring DTLS-SRTP to provide proof of 
> possession of the keying material.

It is also the other way round. If you use DTLS-SRTP to encrypt RTP, the
terminating domain is interested where the call originates from and in
which domain the SRTP connection is terminated. DTLS-SRTP is not
initially used as mean to establish an identity rather than as the
initial aim to encrypt RTP.

Kai

> 
> Ciao
> Hannes
> 
> 
> Elwell, John wrote:
> > SBCs do exist, often for good reasons that Hadriel has expanded on
> > already. I firmly believe that DTLS-SRTP will not be deployable in a
> > meaningful way without addressing this problem. Concerning 
> solutions, we
> > have drafts from Kai and Dan, or perhaps a merger of the two somehow
> > would work. It also depends to some extent whether we are 
> talking only
> > about email-style URIs or about E.164-based URIs too.
> >
> > John
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> > Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> >   
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and SBC traversal
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Hi Kai,

>> This issue is totally independent from E.164
>>     
>
> Not fully. SBCs may exchange the domain part of the E.164 SIP URI, which
> causes a break of the RFC 4474 signature. With email-style URIs a simple
> exchange is not possible.
>   
This is true but this applies to SIP Identity in general and not to 
E.164 number usage with SIP Identity only.
Hence, I would not tie it to this discussion.

>   
>> I don't like the idea of requiring DTLS-SRTP to provide proof of 
>> possession of the keying material.
>>     
>
> It is also the other way round. If you use DTLS-SRTP to encrypt RTP, the
> terminating domain is interested where the call originates from and in
> which domain the SRTP connection is terminated. DTLS-SRTP is not
> initially used as mean to establish an identity rather than as the
> initial aim to encrypt RTP.
>   

I understand the need to know who the end points are. However, tying 
DTLS-SRTP is not a good idea since it
a) increases the liklihood that SIP identity never get's deployed (since 
it is suddently far more complex than before)
b) SIP identity is used also as a identity mechanism in areas where no 
media is exchanged.

Ciao
Hannes

> Kai
>
>   
>> Ciao
>> Hannes
>>
>>
>> Elwell, John wrote:
>>     
>>> SBCs do exist, often for good reasons that Hadriel has expanded on
>>> already. I firmly believe that DTLS-SRTP will not be deployable in a
>>> meaningful way without addressing this problem. Concerning 
>>>       
>> solutions, we
>>     
>>> have drafts from Kai and Dan, or perhaps a merger of the two somehow
>>> would work. It also depends to some extent whether we are 
>>>       
>> talking only
>>     
>>> about email-style URIs or about E.164-based URIs too.
>>>
>>> John
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>   
>>>       
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>
>>     

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Date: Fri, 04 Apr 2008 10:03:16 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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Hannes,

The problem is the changing of domain part as the E.164-based URI
traverses service providers, so that it no longer represents the true
origin of the request. Furthermore it breaks the RFC 4474 signature,
unless re-signed by the service provider.

With an email-style SIP URI (i.e. one in which the user part does not
look like an E.164 number), intermediate service providers cannot change
the domain part (or if they do they break things entirely).

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hannes Tschofenig [mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@gmx.net] 
> Sent: 04 April 2008 09:51
> To: Elwell, John
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
> 
> I wonder whether RFC 4474 isn't doing fine when you assume that E.164 
> numbers apear in an email style format.
> The assumption there is, however, that devices display the 
> domain part 
> as well (which they don't do today) and user's actually 
> configure their 
> authorization policies in a way that it includes both the 
> E.164 number 
> and a corresponding domain name.
> 
> Hence, this is not a standardization problem but a usability issue.
> 
> Do I misunderstand your proposal?
> 
> Ciao
> Hannes
> 
> 
> Elwell, John wrote:
> > On this thread I would like to explore what can be done in terms of
> > avoiding the issues concerned with RFC 4474 and E.164-based 
> SIP URIs by
> > migration towards the use of email-style URIs.
> > E.164-based URIs will still be needed, particularly for interworking
> > with PSTN but also in those SIP environments where E.164 numbers are
> > more easily handled (e.g., phones with number-based user 
> interfaces).
> > But perhaps we can explore more the possibility of using 
> the two forms
> > in parallel, e.g., E.164-based in PAI (e.g., as TEL URI) 
> and email-style
> > in From. I know Dan has an interesting straw man on this 
> topic, which I
> > will allow him to present himself.
> >
> > John
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> > Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> >   
> 
> 
_______________________________________________
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From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hannes Tschofenig [mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@gmx.net] 
> Sent: 04 April 2008 09:51
> To: Elwell, John
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and SBC traversal
> 
> This issue is totally independent from E.164
[JRE] Agreed.

> 
> I don't like the idea of requiring DTLS-SRTP to provide proof of 
> possession of the keying material.
[JRE] I don't understand. Are you saying you don't want to couple
DTLS-SRTP with RFC 4474 or similar?

John
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Date: Fri, 04 Apr 2008 10:13:10 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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Hannes,

Personally I think there will be occasions when knowing that media is
secured as far as a known PSTN gateway can be useful, so signing by the
gateway I think can still have some value. One way to achieve this would
be with an email-style SIP URI for the gateway. So I guess the questions
are:

1)Whether there is any value in a gateway signing with an E.164-based
SIP URI, e.g., sip:+123456789@gateway.example.org;user=phone, and if so
whether this needs a qualifier such a source=PSTN.

2) Whether there is any value in a qualifier such as source=PSTN even in
the absence of an RFC 4474 signature.

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hannes Tschofenig [mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@gmx.net] 
> Sent: 04 April 2008 09:51
> To: Elwell, John
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
> 
> I would instead not put the SIP Identity header there.
> No additional work needed.
> 
> Ciao
> Hannes
> 
> Elwell, John wrote:
> > There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to 
> the URI or
> > to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of 
> authenticity or
> > the opposite (i.e.,lack of such an indicator would mean the 
> guarantee is
> > low, i.e., the identity has not been verified).
> >
> > I think on this issue it is just a matter of somebody putting things
> > together into a draft. I think Dean and/or Adam were the 
> main initiators
> > of this proposal - something like a source=pstn parameter. Would
> > somebody care to author a draft? Or do we need further discussion?
> >
> > John
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> > Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> >   
> 
> 
_______________________________________________
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From: "Fischer, Kai" <kai.fischer@siemens.com>
To: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@gmx.net>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and SBC traversal
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> 
> >> This issue is totally independent from E.164
> >>     
> >
> > Not fully. SBCs may exchange the domain part of the E.164 
> SIP URI, which
> > causes a break of the RFC 4474 signature. With email-style 
> URIs a simple
> > exchange is not possible.
> >   
> This is true but this applies to SIP Identity in general and not to 
> E.164 number usage with SIP Identity only.
> Hence, I would not tie it to this discussion.

My point was, that with E.164 an intermediary SBC is able to exchange
the domain part without a possibility on the terminating side to
recognize the change. With email-like SIP URIs the domain change is not
possible or only with a hack. Two cases need to be differentiated:
-SBC modifies SDP: This results in a necessity to create a new SIP
Identity signature and a change of the domain part in the From header
(valid for both types of SIP URIs email and E.164)
-SBC modifies From header field only: This is applicable to E.164 only
and as far as I have recognized from the past discussions a real world
behavior

> 
> >   
> >> I don't like the idea of requiring DTLS-SRTP to provide proof of 
> >> possession of the keying material.
> >>     
> >
> > It is also the other way round. If you use DTLS-SRTP to 
> encrypt RTP, the
> > terminating domain is interested where the call originates 
> from and in
> > which domain the SRTP connection is terminated. DTLS-SRTP is not
> > initially used as mean to establish an identity rather than as the
> > initial aim to encrypt RTP.
> >   
> 
> I understand the need to know who the end points are. However, tying 
> DTLS-SRTP is not a good idea since it
> a) increases the liklihood that SIP identity never get's 
> deployed (since 
> it is suddently far more complex than before)
> b) SIP identity is used also as a identity mechanism in areas 
> where no 
> media is exchanged.

Do you propose to not apply RFC 4474 for DTLS-SRTP fingerprint
protection and to rely on something different?

Kai

> 
> Ciao
> Hannes
> 
> > Kai
> >
> >   
> >> Ciao
> >> Hannes
> >>
> >>
> >> Elwell, John wrote:
> >>     
> >>> SBCs do exist, often for good reasons that Hadriel has expanded on
> >>> already. I firmly believe that DTLS-SRTP will not be 
> deployable in a
> >>> meaningful way without addressing this problem. Concerning 
> >>>       
> >> solutions, we
> >>     
> >>> have drafts from Kai and Dan, or perhaps a merger of the 
> two somehow
> >>> would work. It also depends to some extent whether we are 
> >>>       
> >> talking only
> >>     
> >>> about email-style URIs or about E.164-based URIs too.
> >>>
> >>> John
> >>> _______________________________________________
> >>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> >>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> >>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> >>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the 
> application of sip
> >>>   
> >>>       
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> >> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> >> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> >> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> >>
> >>     
> 
> 
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From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)
Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: [Sip]  multiple register server or multiple outbound proxies
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ajay thakur writes:

 > I have doubt about having multiple registrar server configuration and
 > multiple outbound server configuration on the phones?
 > And is it really required? Any comments on this ?

for redundancy it would have been a good idea that a SIP ua would have
required to register will all configured outbound servers, but
unfortunately that is not the case with outbound i-d, which makes the
feature totally useless.

-- juha
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From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)
Cc: "sip@ietf.org List" <sip@ietf.org>
Subject: [Sip]  Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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Dean Willis writes:

 > Ok, now I can hear people screaming "But this is what History-Info  
 > does!"
 > 
 > That might be. I'm not sure I actually understood History-Info. But  
 > this seems a bunch simpler, AND it allows for inclusion of "forward  
 > knowledge" (i.e., parameters inserted under application control)  
 > rather than only "backward knowledge" (a record of the decisions that  
 > got us here). 

i fully agree with dean here.  dean's proposal is easy understand and
implement.  h-i is far too complex because of all the indexing stuff,
hassle with uri params vs. h-i params, etc.

 > Note also that this doesn't seem to capture the full range of History- 
 > Info cases. I think it is a simpler replacement that gives the  
 > required functionality. And since it's just new extension header  
 > fields, it is 100% backwards compatible.

again i fully agree.  whatever h-i tried to accomplish was clearly to
too much, because it resulted into complexity that never got implemented
by popular UAs or proxies.

-- juha
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From: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
To: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>,
	"Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>,
	"Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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I think that in a closed environment like IMS where all proxies can be
guaranteed to support loose routing, there is effectively almost no
difference between P-Called-Party-ID and Target header. 

One case where also in IMS the Target and the P-Called-Party-ID would
contain different values is for example when you call a freephone
address of a certain user, where the freephone uri is a service identity
on an AS. The freephone service would reroute the request to the actual
user user@company.com. The user may want to know that he was called
through a freephone number in this case:
P-Called-Party-ID:  user1@company.com
Target: freephone-user1@operator.com

/Hans Erik
 
-----Original Message-----
From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com] 
Sent: Thursday, April 03, 2008 11:03 PM
To: Christer Holmberg; Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen
Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals

So what is the P-Called-Party-ID used for?

I'm trying to figure out the different use cases for P-Called-Party-ID
versus Target. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Christer Holmberg [mailto:christer.holmberg@ericsson.com]
> Sent: Thursday, April 03, 2008 13:48
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> The P-Called-Party-ID is only inserted by the registrar of the UAS, 
> while the Target can be inserted also by other entities.
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From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)
Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>,
	Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>,
	Christer Holmberg <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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Hans Erik van Elburg writes:

 > P-Called-Party-ID:  user1@company.com
 > Target: freephone-user1@operator.com

based on the explanation yesterday on this mailing list, i got the
impression that P-Called-Party-ID would in this case contain the actual
called uri, i.e., the freephone uri, and r-uri would contain the contact
of the answering phone.

-- juha
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	csson.se > <18422.6431.775786.710973@harjus.tutpro.com>
From: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
To: "Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>
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No, because I assumed that the freephone number is not a registered AOR
of the user. 

The P-Called-Party-ID is effectively populated by the registrar when it
replaces the AOR in the Request URI with the Contact address.  

So we get:
Request URI = Contact address
P-Called-Party-ID:  user1@company.com 
Target: freephone-user1@operator.com

/Hans Erik

-----Original Message-----
From: Juha Heinanen [mailto:jh@tutpro.com] 
Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 2:04 PM
To: Hans Erik van Elburg
Cc: Francois Audet; Christer Holmberg; sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C,
ATTLABS
Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals

Hans Erik van Elburg writes:

 > P-Called-Party-ID:  user1@company.com  > Target:
freephone-user1@operator.com

based on the explanation yesterday on this mailing list, i got the
impression that P-Called-Party-ID would in this case contain the actual
called uri, i.e., the freephone uri, and r-uri would contain the contact
of the answering phone.

-- juha
_______________________________________________
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From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)
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	Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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Hans Erik van Elburg writes:

 > No, because I assumed that the freephone number is not a registered AOR
 > of the user. 

ok, so in your example proxy was forwarding the call to the freephone
uri to the user, i.e., freephone number was not an alias of the user's
aor.

-- juha
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From: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
To: "Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>,
	<sip@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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There seems to be a misunderstanding here, there is no intention for
stacking Target headers at all. There will always have to be zero or one
target header field with one clear meaning: "current target".

As soon as a retarget (using the definition from UALR draft) occurs an
existing target header will have to be removed, as it no longer
represents the current target.

Params only seems to tackle the parameter loss issue, and it seems
further to solve a different problem alltogether i.e. how to get
parameters from the caller to the callee. There is a risk that
parameters that where only intended to be received by user B end up at
user C.

/Hans Erik 

-----Original Message-----
From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Dean Willis
Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 9:07 AM
To: sip@ietf.org List
Subject: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"

Sorry about the HTML formating. I'm too lazy to wrap my lines. And yes,
this should probably be in an ID, but I'm too lazy for that too.

Here's why the answers seem to be confusing -- the question is confused.
I'd like to try and rein it in a bit, and make a proposal.

We have a couple of things we want:

1) Delivery of application-specific info (aka "parameters") from the
originating UA to the terminating UA

2) Delivery of parameters from proxies to the terminating UA

3) Information to allow the terminating UA to know which application,
function, or identity (or something else) at that UA is being targeted
by the request, over and above the mundane aspects of the request such
as ordinary headers and bodies. Presumably this information is inserted
somehow along the way, either at the source UA or some intermediate
(proxy or the like) node. This information may, or may not, be the same
as #1 and #2 above.

4) We think we have a need for the terminating UA to figure out who
inserted each bit of information. I find this compelling.

5) We think we have a need for the terminating UA to understand the
entire decision tree that resulted in the call arriving at it. I don't
find this compelling at all (which is why I opposed  Diversion and
History-Info), as I think that every application people THINK they need
this for is more readily addressed by 1-3.

These "needs" have been getting tangled up in the most perniciously
confusing sorts of ways I can imagine. We have History-Info, Diversion,
P-This-That-And-the-Other-Thing, and probably a couple of dozen other
hackneyed ways to work around this problem.  Quite probably a large
number of the SIP extension headers we've documented have been narrow
application-specific functions that really didn't need an RFC, but since
an RFC is required to get a header, we've had to do a lot of work.

Why don't we have an easy answer?

The problem starts with SIP's take-off from HTTP. If we were using HTTP,
we could use request-URI parameters to talk to the application.  
This works very well in HTTP land, since outside of very specialized
cases, HTTP proxies don't change the request URI, and when they do it's
an additive thing ; they add parameters as needed. Note that neither
IETF nor W3C has found it needful to standardize HTTP request
parameters. Any fool can code up a CGI script that uses new ones, and
the neat thing is, they're always scoped to the application in use.

Let's look at the request for my Google home page:

http://www.google.com/ig?hl=en&source=iglk

This conveys the location of the target node, an application identifier,
and two parameters delivered to that application. The target node is
www.google.com, the application is "ig", and the parameters are "hl",
which has a value of "en", and "source", which has a value of "iglk".

RFC 2543 just didn't work this way. Every proxy mangled the request URI
to the best of its ability, such that there was absolutely no way to use
the request URI to pass any useful information between UAs. I'm not sure
why we went down this path. I argued against it at the time, but
obviously I lost that argument. We partially fixed this with loose
routing in RFC 3261, but we didn't fix it well enough, and we still have
the problem. Jonathan's UA Loose Routing draft has tried to get us
closer to the HTTP model (but do so with full backward compatibility),
and lots of people have complained about the apparent resulting
complexity. It shouldn't be complex -- it's so easy with HTTP, but SIP
just isn't HTTP anymore.

We've tried putting stuff into body parts, and the ongoing war over
proxy manipulation of body parts and requirements for multi-part MIME
has been running for years now. Besides, we don't really have a way of
indicating which body part does what, as the MIME syntax just doesn't
give us a handle on it.

We have P-Called-Party-ID, which satisfies a subset of problem #3 by
letting the terminating UA know which identity at that UA the request is
targeting (and this COULD be used to indicate an application as opposed
to a user, I suppose).

We also have Target, a header that as proposed provides a sort of
partial combination of 3, 4, and 5 by basically stacking up another
header instance every time a proxy changes the request URI. As I
understand the author's intentions (which is not what I get from the
draft), the idea is that every URI seen on the path from UAC to UAS is
recorded in an instance of the Target header, One can then read the list
backwards, and sort of guess which one was inserted by various proxies
and maybe figure out which one was inserted by the originating UA. I
mostly like what I think I understand of the author's intentions, but
it's not QUITE what I want.

And I have a head ache from trying to sort this stuff out.

So here's a suggestion for a Radically Different Approach.

Let's define a new SIP extension header field. I call it "Params" for
now.

Eachs Params header field contains one or more parameter=value pairs.  
The only mandatory of these pairs encodes the role (UA, proxy) and
identity of the node inserting the Params field. Another pair might
encode the URI targeted by the request as it leaves that node (which is
probably only useful for debugging). Another pair might encode the
identity targeted by the request, which as we know is not the same as
the URI of the request. Still more pairs would encode any parameters
being delivered to the UAS terminating the request. We also need a
rule: only insert a Params if you expect it to be useful to the
terminating UAS.  If you aren't changing something , DON'T PUT ONE IN!

So, here's an example (with many fields left out)

Alice-1-->AliceOutboundProxy--2-->BobHomeProxy--3--
 >BobOutboundProxy--4-->Bob


Message 1: (note that the param MyAppID=23 is encoded by Alice)

INVITE sisp:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
From: sips:alice@192.168.2.1
To: sips:bob@example.com
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.168.2.1
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS alice.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Params: role=ua,src=sips:alice@192.168.2.1,MyAppID=23

Message 2: (note no new Params)

INVITE sips:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
From: sips:alice@192.168.2.1
To: sips:bob@example.com
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.168.2.1
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS alice.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS aoproxy.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Params: role=ua,src=sips:alice@192.168.2.1,MyAppID=23

Message 3: (retargeting occurs)

INVITE sips:bob@192.16.2.2 SIP/2.0
From: sips:alice@192.168.2.1
To: sips:bob@example.com
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.168.2.1
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS alice.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS aoproxy.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS bproxy.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Params: role=ua,src=sips:alice@192.168.2.1,MyAppID=23
Params: role=proxy,src=bproxy.example.com,target=<sips:bob@example.com>


Message 4: (note no new Params)

INVITE sips:bob@192.16.2.2 SIP/2.0
From: sips:alice@192.168.2.1
To: sips:bob@example.com
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.168.2.1
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS alice.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS aoproxy.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS bproxy.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS boproxy.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Params: role=ua,src=sips:alice@192.168.2.1,MyAppID=23
Params: role=proxy,src=bproxy.example.com,target=<sips:bob@example.com>


So with this request, Bob's UA can look at it and say "Ok, this  
requested is targeted to sips:bob@example.com, so I'd best respond  
appropriately.  And oh look, the originating UA wants me to know that  
MyAppID=23." Diagnostically, we can also look at it and see that there  
was a retargeting at the proxy bproxy.example.com, since said proxy  
was kind enough to insert the Params telling us so.

Ok, now I can hear people screaming "But this is what History-Info  
does!"

That might be. I'm not sure I actually understood History-Info. But  
this seems a bunch simpler, AND it allows for inclusion of "forward  
knowledge" (i.e., parameters inserted under application control)  
rather than only "backward knowledge" (a record of the decisions that  
got us here). Hence RFC 3087 / RFC 4458 type control mechanisms can be  
used effectively. Hint: If you have a voice mail application that is  
dependent on knowing that a retargeting decision resulted from a  busy  
condition, it's easy to put a "cause=busy" into the relevant Params.  
Note also that this doesn't seem to capture the full range of History- 
Info cases. I think it is a simpler replacement that gives the  
required functionality. And since it's just new extension header  
fields, it is 100% backwards compatible.

There are also some interesting anonymization interactions. For  
example, if you don't want to reveal a source, use anonymous or a temp- 
gruu in the "src=" Params. Or better yet, don't insert a Params at  
all! They're optional except when rerouting or retargeting.

--
Dean




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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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From: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
To: "Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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Correct.

/Hans Erik 

-----Original Message-----
From: Juha Heinanen [mailto:jh@tutpro.com] 
Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 2:20 PM
To: Hans Erik van Elburg
Cc: Francois Audet; Christer Holmberg; sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C,
ATTLABS
Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals

Hans Erik van Elburg writes:

 > No, because I assumed that the freephone number is not a registered
AOR  > of the user. 

ok, so in your example proxy was forwarding the call to the freephone
uri to the user, i.e., freephone number was not an alias of the user's
aor.

-- juha
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Preventing unanticipated respondent syndrome when
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Dean,

Why response code 121 when we already have 181? Perhaps it needs some 
added info but it seems like the right response.

Second, in the case where Charlie registers with Bob's AOR, how does 
identity work? Won't Charlie appear to *be* Bob? Presumably it depends 
on what credentials Charlie uses. But I think in many cases this will 
indeed look like Bob.

	Paul

Dean Willis wrote:
> I define "unanticipated respondent syndrome" as the sense of surprise  
> Alice gets when she calls Bob, only to have the call answered by  
> Charlie. This is especially problematic if the sorts of security  
> operations that depend on Alice having some sort of keying  
> relationship with Charlie become important.
> 
> Alice is expecting:
> 
> Alice--1-->Proxy--2-->Bob
> 
> but instead she gets:
> 
> Alice--1-->Proxy--2-->Charlie
> 
> because Bob forwarded his phone to Charlie, or because Charlie, who is  
> authorized to do so, registered as a contact for Bob, and Bob didn't  
> answer (or has a lwoer qvalue, or whatever)
> 
> RFC 4916 lets Alice find out who answered the phone in the most  
> difficult of cases, and other techniques like P-Asserted-Identity in a  
> response address simpler cases (or we can use endpoint- asserted RFC  
> 4474 Identity when the keys are known or discoverable). So that's not  
> a problem. Alice can figure out that she's talking to Charlie, once  
> they get connected.
> 
> The only problem is cluing in Alice that she's about to be talking to  
> Charlie instead of Bob.
> 
> In the cases I've identified above, the proxy knows that it is  
> retargeting the request to Charlie, not rerouting the request to Bob.  
> How does it know this? It either a) knows that the Call Forwarding  
> feature has been activated, and that's always a retarget, or b) knows  
> that the contact for Bob was registered by Charlie, who isn't Bob (but  
> that Charlie is authorized to register for Bob's AOR). In fact, if  
> this the case, it knows both Charlie's authentication identity and his  
> contact.
> 
> Since the proxy knows, it should be able to inform Alice.
> 
> I therefore propose a provisional response from Proxy to Alice, which  
> I'll provisionally call "121 (Retargeting)"
> 
> A proxy executing a retargeting operation (by which we mean an  
> operation that replaces the request URI such that the authenticated  
> identity of the new request URI is different from the authenticated  
> identity of the old one) SHOULD return a 121 (Retargeting) provisional  
> response. The 121 response contains a Contact header field, the value  
> of which is the new identity being targeted. Optionally, we might  
> include some sort of "cause" parameter, explaining why the request is  
> being retargeted (like "Bob's dead, talk to Charlie").
> 
> If a proxy doesn't know whether it is rerouting or retargeting, it  
> SHOULD assume that it is retargeting, and send the appropriate 121  
> response.
> 
> In conclusion, this preserves the proxy-mediated functionality  
> required for draft-ietf-sip-outbound, while giving us the I-know-who-I- 
> expect-to-reach function of a 302 (Redirect).
> 
> Yeah, this should be an I-D. I'm now accepting volunteer co-authors to  
> do the dirty work, assuming this idea gets any traction.
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> _______________________________________________
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Hi ,
=20
 I need an opens source or freeware server that can provide Voice Mail
,Conferencing and Mobility functionalities to H.323 and a SIP endpoints.
Is Asterisk the only option or are there any other such servers
available for testing ?
=20
 Kindly do provide your valuable suggestions .Awaiting an earliest
response.
=20
Regards,
Anisha

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charset=3Dus-ascii">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.6000.16525" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D838212408-04042008><FONT face=3DGaramond =
color=3D#000080>Hi=20
,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D838212408-04042008><FONT face=3DGaramond=20
color=3D#000080></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D838212408-04042008><FONT face=3DGaramond =
color=3D#000080>&nbsp;I=20
need an opens source or freeware server that can provide Voice Mail=20
,Conferencing and Mobility functionalities to H.323 and a SIP endpoints. =
Is=20
Asterisk the only option or are there any other such servers available =
for=20
testing ?</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D838212408-04042008><FONT face=3DGaramond=20
color=3D#000080></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D838212408-04042008><FONT face=3DGaramond=20
color=3D#000080>&nbsp;Kindly do provide your valuable suggestions =
.Awaiting an=20
earliest response.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D838212408-04042008><FONT face=3DGaramond=20
color=3D#000080></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D838212408-04042008><FONT face=3DGaramond=20
color=3D#000080>Regards,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D838212408-04042008><FONT face=3DGaramond=20
color=3D#000080>Anisha</FONT></SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
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--===============1061978715==--


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 08:26:39 2008
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Date: Fri, 04 Apr 2008 13:15:21 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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Hans Erik,

This is a good example. For comparison purposes, can anyone say how we
would achieve this with:
i) ua-loose-route
ii) history-info
iii) Dean's proposal?

John
 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Hans Erik van Elburg
> Sent: 04 April 2008 12:50
> To: Francois Audet; Christer Holmberg; Juha Heinanen
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> I think that in a closed environment like IMS where all proxies can be
> guaranteed to support loose routing, there is effectively almost no
> difference between P-Called-Party-ID and Target header. 
> 
> One case where also in IMS the Target and the P-Called-Party-ID would
> contain different values is for example when you call a freephone
> address of a certain user, where the freephone uri is a 
> service identity
> on an AS. The freephone service would reroute the request to 
> the actual
> user user@company.com. The user may want to know that he was called
> through a freephone number in this case:
> P-Called-Party-ID:  user1@company.com
> Target: freephone-user1@operator.com
> 
> /Hans Erik
>  
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com] 
> Sent: Thursday, April 03, 2008 11:03 PM
> To: Christer Holmberg; Hans Erik van Elburg; Juha Heinanen
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> So what is the P-Called-Party-ID used for?
> 
> I'm trying to figure out the different use cases for P-Called-Party-ID
> versus Target. 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Christer Holmberg [mailto:christer.holmberg@ericsson.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, April 03, 2008 13:48
> > To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Hans Erik van Elburg; 
> Juha Heinanen
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> > Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> > 
> > 
> > Hi,
> > 
> > The P-Called-Party-ID is only inserted by the registrar of the UAS, 
> > while the Target can be inserted also by other entities.
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 08:31:48 2008
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Date: Fri, 04 Apr 2008 15:00:53 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
To: IETF SIP List <sip@ietf.org>
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I think this is ready to go if the following minor comments are
addressed:

1. "This
   specification also defines multiple keep alive schemes."
Change "multiple" to "two".

2. "A Flow is a network protocol layer (layer 4) association"
Change "network" to "transport".

3. "One case where a UA may not want to include
   the sip.instance media feature tag at all is when it is making an
   anonymous request or some other privacy concern requires that the UA
   not reveal its identity."
There is no statement about what should be done in this case.

4. "These registration requests include a distinct reg-id parameter in
   the Contact header field."
I think some normative language is needed here. Perhaps change to:
"For registration requests in accordance with outbound behaviour, the UA
MUST include a distinct reg-id parameter in the Contact header field."

5. "the target first
   hop SIP note"
Change "note" to "node".

6. "as this is already allowed by
   [RFC3261].  Section 7.5, however a UA that did not register using
   outbound registration"
I think this should say
"as this is already allowed by
   [RFC3261] section 7.5. However, a UA that did not register using
   outbound registration"

7. "Configuration indicating keepalive support for a specific target is
   considered an explicit indication.  If these conditions are
   satisfied, the UA sends its keepalives according to the same
   guidelines described in the rest of this section as UAs which
   register."
I don't understand the meaning of the first sentence. Is it trying to
say that configuration is an alternative way of determining support for
keepalive?

8. "For devices where power is
   not a significant concern, the UA SHOULD select a random number
   between 95 and 120 seconds between keepalives.  When battery power is
   a concern, the UA SHOULD select a random number between 672 and 840
   seconds (14 minutes).  These times MAY be configurable."
The last sentence seems to undermine the previous SHOULD strength
statements. Also, what exactly can be configurable - just the upper and
lower bounds? I don't think, for example, we are proposing to allow
somebody to configure say 180 seconds as both upper and lower bounds
(not a range, no randomisation). So I think it is the bounds that can be
configurable, and even then the 20% difference must be maintained.
Perhaps it should say something like:
"The UA MUST select a random number between a fixed or configurable
upper bound and a lower bound, where the lower bound is 20% less then
the upper bound. The fixed upper bound or the default configurable upper
bound SHOULD be 120 seconds (95 seconds lower bound) where battery power
is not a concern and 840 seconds (672 seconds lower bound) where battery
power is a concern."

9. "The delay time is computed by selecting a uniform random time
between
   50 and 100 percent of the wait time.  The UA MUST wait for the value
   of the delay time before trying another registration to form a new
   flow for that URI."
I find this a little confusing. The several paragraphs before that have
all talked about wait time, or time to wait, which suggests that that is
how long you wait before trying registration again. Then we suddenly
have this "delay time" introduced, and it says that "UA MUST wait for
the value of the delay time before trying another registration". It
might be better to introduce the concept of delay time and wait time up
front. Furthermore, it is not clear whether the delay time (between 50
and 100 percent of the wait time) starts when the wait time starts or
when the wait time finishes. I think the examples given in the
succeeding paragraph suggest it is the former interpretation. In any
case, it needs to be clarified.

10. "The Edge Proxy can determine
   if it is the first hop by examining the Via header field."
Does this still work in the case of topology hiding by an upstream
entity?

11. "When a '+sip.instance' media feature parameter is present in a
   Contact header field of a REGISTER request (after the Contact header
   validation as described above), the corresponding binding is between
   an AOR and the combination of the instance-id (from the +sip.instance
   media feature parameter) and the value of reg-id parameter if it is
   present."
I think the normative statements that follow are only concerned with the
case where reg-id is present, so I think it should be changed to:
"When a '+sip.instance' media feature parameter and a reg-id parameter
are present in a
   Contact header field of a REGISTER request (after the Contact header
   validation as described above), the corresponding binding is between
   an AOR and the combination of the instance-id (from the +sip.instance
   media feature parameter) and the value of reg-id parameter."

John







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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>, "sip@ietf.org List" <sip@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 4 Apr 2008 11:40:58 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] Preventing unanticipated respondent syndrome when
	retargeting
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Howdy,
Can you describe more succinctly why this is a problem that needs fixing?  (not that I don't think it would be - I'm just low on caffeine and can't grasp the issue being solved)  I guess I don't get why Alice needs to know this before getting a 200? (or before a 180/183)

Also, how would this "work" with forking?

-hadriel


> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dean
> Willis
>
> I define "unanticipated respondent syndrome" as the sense of surprise
> Alice gets when she calls Bob, only to have the call answered by
> Charlie. This is especially problematic if the sorts of security
> operations that depend on Alice having some sort of keying
> relationship with Charlie become important.
>
> Alice is expecting:
>
> Alice--1-->Proxy--2-->Bob
>
> but instead she gets:
>
> Alice--1-->Proxy--2-->Charlie
>
> because Bob forwarded his phone to Charlie, or because Charlie, who is
> authorized to do so, registered as a contact for Bob, and Bob didn't
> answer (or has a lwoer qvalue, or whatever)
>
> RFC 4916 lets Alice find out who answered the phone in the most
> difficult of cases, and other techniques like P-Asserted-Identity in a
> response address simpler cases (or we can use endpoint- asserted RFC
> 4474 Identity when the keys are known or discoverable). So that's not
> a problem. Alice can figure out that she's talking to Charlie, once
> they get connected.
>
> The only problem is cluing in Alice that she's about to be talking to
> Charlie instead of Bob.
>
> In the cases I've identified above, the proxy knows that it is
> retargeting the request to Charlie, not rerouting the request to Bob.
> How does it know this? It either a) knows that the Call Forwarding
> feature has been activated, and that's always a retarget, or b) knows
> that the contact for Bob was registered by Charlie, who isn't Bob (but
> that Charlie is authorized to register for Bob's AOR). In fact, if
> this the case, it knows both Charlie's authentication identity and his
> contact.
>
> Since the proxy knows, it should be able to inform Alice.
>
> I therefore propose a provisional response from Proxy to Alice, which
> I'll provisionally call "121 (Retargeting)"
>
> A proxy executing a retargeting operation (by which we mean an
> operation that replaces the request URI such that the authenticated
> identity of the new request URI is different from the authenticated
> identity of the old one) SHOULD return a 121 (Retargeting) provisional
> response. The 121 response contains a Contact header field, the value
> of which is the new identity being targeted. Optionally, we might
> include some sort of "cause" parameter, explaining why the request is
> being retargeted (like "Bob's dead, talk to Charlie").
>
> If a proxy doesn't know whether it is rerouting or retargeting, it
> SHOULD assume that it is retargeting, and send the appropriate 121
> response.
>
> In conclusion, this preserves the proxy-mediated functionality
> required for draft-ietf-sip-outbound, while giving us the I-know-who-I-
> expect-to-reach function of a 302 (Redirect).
>
> Yeah, this should be an I-D. I'm now accepting volunteer co-authors to
> do the dirty work, assuming this idea gets any traction.
>
> --
> Dean
>
> _______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Elwell, John wrote:
> There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to the URI or
> to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of authenticity or
> the opposite (i.e.,lack of such an indicator would mean the guarantee is
> low, i.e., the identity has not been verified).
>   

Versus the limited guarantee of authenticity of rfc4474 generally?
Let's be clear here: rfc4474 (like rfc4871) is a domain level "I
take responsibility" kind of mechanism. It is not any strong proof
that the local part is who it says it is. A receiver should always be
at least somewhat skeptical.
> I think on this issue it is just a matter of somebody putting things
> together into a draft. I think Dean and/or Adam were the main initiators
> of this proposal - something like a source=pstn parameter. Would
> somebody care to author a draft? Or do we need further discussion?
>   

This seems like a slippery slope here. There may plenty of other reasons
that the local part might not be trusted besides being routed from the
PSTN.

So let me ask: what problem are we trying to solve and for whom?
And lets keep in mind the skeptical receiver.

       Mike
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
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	"Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
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This is so simple, that the people who say it's simple don't even agree on the
meaning.

 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Juha Heinanen [mailto:jh@tutpro.com] 
> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 05:20
> To: Hans Erik van Elburg
> Cc: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Christer Holmberg; 
> sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
> 
> Hans Erik van Elburg writes:
> 
>  > No, because I assumed that the freephone number is not a 
> registered AOR  > of the user. 
> 
> ok, so in your example proxy was forwarding the call to the 
> freephone uri to the user, i.e., freephone number was not an 
> alias of the user's aor.
> 
> -- juha
> 
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Date: Fri, 04 Apr 2008 18:10:05 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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Michael,

The proposed indicator is probably better described as "not verified"
rather than "limited guarantee of authenticity". But maybe, as has also
been suggested, we simply should not use RFC 4474 on requests from a
PSTN gateway.

John 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Michael Thomas [mailto:mat@cisco.com] 
> Sent: 04 April 2008 17:12
> To: Elwell, John
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
> 
> Elwell, John wrote:
> > There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to 
> the URI or
> > to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of 
> authenticity or
> > the opposite (i.e.,lack of such an indicator would mean the 
> guarantee is
> > low, i.e., the identity has not been verified).
> >   
> 
> Versus the limited guarantee of authenticity of rfc4474 generally?
> Let's be clear here: rfc4474 (like rfc4871) is a domain level "I
> take responsibility" kind of mechanism. It is not any strong proof
> that the local part is who it says it is. A receiver should always be
> at least somewhat skeptical.
> > I think on this issue it is just a matter of somebody putting things
> > together into a draft. I think Dean and/or Adam were the 
> main initiators
> > of this proposal - something like a source=pstn parameter. Would
> > somebody care to author a draft? Or do we need further discussion?
> >   
> 
> This seems like a slippery slope here. There may plenty of 
> other reasons
> that the local part might not be trusted besides being routed from the
> PSTN.
> 
> So let me ask: what problem are we trying to solve and for whom?
> And lets keep in mind the skeptical receiver.
> 
>        Mike
> 
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Hans Erik van Elburg <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>, Francois Audet
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Hans
> Erik van Elburg
>
> I think that in a closed environment like IMS where all proxies can be
> guaranteed to support loose routing, there is effectively almost no
> difference between P-Called-Party-ID and Target header.

I beg to differ - even in IMS all "proxies" cannot be guaranteed to be doing loose-routing, if by that you mean not changing the req-uri as they forward. What's written in IMS specs and what's getting deployed/configured in the field are not identical all of the time, nor in all scenarios for the same IMS network... much like IETF SIP.
(this is not to say that this has any impact on the gist of your comment or the proposals - just noting that "IMS specs" and IMS reality are not one and the same, as you're probably aware)

-hadriel
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 7:24 AM, Hans Erik van Elburg wrote:
> There seems to be a misunderstanding here, there is no intention for
> stacking Target headers at all. There will always have to be zero or  
> one
> target header field with one clear meaning: "current target".
>

I believe you. But like others, I found the draft unclear, and it made  
more sense if I assumed a stack of Target headers.

> As soon as a retarget (using the definition from UALR draft) occurs an
> existing target header will have to be removed, as it no longer
> represents the current target.

Then it doesn't help Charlie knows that he's answering a call meant  
for Bob when Bob forwards his phone to Charlie and Alice calls Bob.

> Params only seems to tackle the parameter loss issue, and it seems
> further to solve a different problem alltogether i.e. how to get
> parameters from the caller to the callee.

Well, that WAS the original goal of US-Loose-Route, and is the thing  
we have a chartered milestone for:

 From our charter:
Feb 2008
Delivering request-URI and parameters to UAS via proxy to IESG (PS)

> There is a risk that
> parameters that where only intended to be received by user B end up at
> user C.

Well, that can certainly happen with any header. The workaround if it  
worries you is to use a 302.

--
Dean
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 11:13:37 2008
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 8:12 AM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
> Dean,
>
> Why response code 121 when we already have 181? Perhaps it needs  
> some added info but it seems like the right response.
>

181 might well make sense. I used 121 so we could fish out any real  
differences with 181.

> Second, in the case where Charlie registers with Bob's AOR, how does  
> identity work? Won't Charlie appear to *be* Bob? Presumably it  
> depends on what credentials Charlie uses. But I think in many cases  
> this will indeed look like Bob.
>

In the case I envision, Charlie registers like so:

REGISTER example.com SIP/2.0
To: sip:bob@example.com
From: sip:charlie@example.com
....

The registrar authenticates the request as coming from Charlie, and  
checks its configuration to determine that Charlie is authorized to  
register to the Bob AOR. Hence, it knows that Charlie is not Bob, and  
that "contact routing" using the associated contact is retargeting,  
not rerouting.

 From an RFC 4474 perspective, the identity that Charlie's requests  
might carry would be "sip:charlie@example.com".

--
Dean

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Elwell, John wrote:
> Michael,
>
> The proposed indicator is probably better described as "not verified"
> rather than "limited guarantee of authenticity". But maybe, as has also
> been suggested, we simply should not use RFC 4474 on requests from a
> PSTN gateway.
>   

Rather than work on a solution, I'd rather hear why a receiver cares
about any of this. Ie, what does the consumer of this information do
differently? The experience from the email world thus far is "not much"
which makes me suspicious this is too abstract a problem for the outside
world to care about.

A far more important question to be asking IMO is what will drive
4474 _deployment_, rather than adding bells and whistles to it. Until
there's something of a critical mass then it's pretty much just speculation
about the real life concerns.

       Mike, who's ecstatic that 7% of domains are dkim checking now
         but still doesn't think we know a lot about the evaluation of 
the localpart
> John 
>
>   
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Michael Thomas [mailto:mat@cisco.com] 
>> Sent: 04 April 2008 17:12
>> To: Elwell, John
>> Cc: sip@ietf.org
>> Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
>>
>> Elwell, John wrote:
>>     
>>> There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to 
>>>       
>> the URI or
>>     
>>> to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of 
>>>       
>> authenticity or
>>     
>>> the opposite (i.e.,lack of such an indicator would mean the 
>>>       
>> guarantee is
>>     
>>> low, i.e., the identity has not been verified).
>>>   
>>>       
>> Versus the limited guarantee of authenticity of rfc4474 generally?
>> Let's be clear here: rfc4474 (like rfc4871) is a domain level "I
>> take responsibility" kind of mechanism. It is not any strong proof
>> that the local part is who it says it is. A receiver should always be
>> at least somewhat skeptical.
>>     
>>> I think on this issue it is just a matter of somebody putting things
>>> together into a draft. I think Dean and/or Adam were the 
>>>       
>> main initiators
>>     
>>> of this proposal - something like a source=pstn parameter. Would
>>> somebody care to author a draft? Or do we need further discussion?
>>>   
>>>       
>> This seems like a slippery slope here. There may plenty of 
>> other reasons
>> that the local part might not be trusted besides being routed from the
>> PSTN.
>>
>> So let me ask: what problem are we trying to solve and for whom?
>> And lets keep in mind the skeptical receiver.
>>
>>        Mike
>>
>>     
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 10:40 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> Howdy,
> Can you describe more succinctly why this is a problem that needs  
> fixing?  (not that I don't think it would be - I'm just low on  
> caffeine and can't grasp the issue being solved)  I guess I don't  
> get why Alice needs to know this before getting a 200? (or before a  
> 180/183)

There are several reasons why we need it before a 200. As to a a 180  
or 183, I suppose it makes as much sense to convey the retargeting  
identity in a 100 as in a 121. As for as a 180: There's no assurance  
there will ever be one sent by the terminating UAS -- it may well  
answer immediately.

First, it may be important for Alice to know that her call is going to  
not-Bob, lest in the earliest media phases she say something mean only  
for Bob's ears.

If we're using sipping-certs and end-node asserted identity, Alice  
needs to get Charlie's cert before she can validate Charlie's identity  
assertion. This is not instantaneous, and the earlier the notice, the  
better.

One can also postulate that Alice might be using other  
cryptotechniques (like IBE, instead of IBA) that require knowing the  
identity of the target and might require some setup time.

You might want to go back to Jon Peterson's diatribe on how proxy  
retargeting breaks many things, suggesting that we should have just  
used 302 with end-to-end direct SIP all along. Of course, the 302  
model doesn't work with the much-needed NAT traversal functions of sip- 
outbound, so the idea here is to offer a compromise that preserves  
both function sets.


> Also, how would this "work" with forking?

Either multiple responses (one per fork) or multiple Contacts (one per  
fork) in one response. Personally, I like multiple Contacts.

Or we could just go ahead and deprecate forking ;-).

--
Dean
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 1:20 PM, Michael Thomas wrote:
> Elwell, John wrote:
>> Michael,
>>
>> The proposed indicator is probably better described as "not verified"
>> rather than "limited guarantee of authenticity". But maybe, as has  
>> also
>> been suggested, we simply should not use RFC 4474 on requests from a
>> PSTN gateway.
>>
>
> Rather than work on a solution, I'd rather hear why a receiver cares
> about any of this. Ie, what does the consumer of this information do
> differently? The experience from the email world thus far is "not  
> much"
> which makes me suspicious this is too abstract a problem for the  
> outside
> world to care about.
>

That's a fair question.

The worry is that an RFC 4474 identity assertion forms what is  
essentially a contract verification "I, identity service example.com,  
have verified according to best current practices that the party  
originating this message is authorized to use the identity sip:alice@example.com 
".

We generally assume the "best current practices" something on the  
order of "the party in question has presented credentials based on a  
secret known to sip:alice@example.com and presumably unknown to other  
parties, and this presentation is consistent with prior interactions  
had by this identity service and sip:alice@example.com".

But when the identity assertion is coming from a PSTN caller ID, it's  
significantly less authoritative statement: "I, the identity service  
at example.com, think that this request came from +12142821376 because  
this is the calling party identifier presented to my telephony  
interface."

There is a profound liability distinction between these two. Failure  
to resolve it means that RFC 4474 identity headers would never be more  
credible than PSTN caller-ID, and we seem to think they need to be  
more credible.

> A far more important question to be asking IMO is what will drive
> 4474 _deployment_, rather than adding bells and whistles to it. Until
> there's something of a critical mass then it's pretty much just  
> speculation
> about the real life concerns.


Of course it will be driven be legal requirements around call- 
traceability, logging (especially in the financial services business)  
and intercept. Nobody cares about spam.

--
dean

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>
> There are several reasons why we need it before a 200. As to a a 180
> or 183, I suppose it makes as much sense to convey the retargeting
> identity in a 100 as in a 121. As for as a 180: There's no assurance
> there will ever be one sent by the terminating UAS -- it may well
> answer immediately.

Yes, but my point was I think you only need/want this info at the same time a 180/183/200 comes back, so why not use them instead of creating more responses?  In other words, if there is no 180 sent back but in fact Charlie answers immediately, and Alice finds out in the 200 then, isn't that ok?
Less is more. :)


> First, it may be important for Alice to know that her call is going to
> not-Bob, lest in the earliest media phases she say something mean only
> for Bob's ears.

Alice can't say anything to Charlie until she gets SDP from Charlie, in a 18x or 2xx, which is why I keep wondering what's wrong with just using the already existent 18x/2xx.


> If we're using sipping-certs and end-node asserted identity, Alice
> needs to get Charlie's cert before she can validate Charlie's identity
> assertion. This is not instantaneous, and the earlier the notice, the
> better.

Unfortunately 4474 won't allow that anyway in responses - you need 4916, as you well know.  If you want to fix that I'm all for it, but it was shot down before. :(


> You might want to go back to Jon Peterson's diatribe on how proxy
> retargeting breaks many things, suggesting that we should have just
> used 302 with end-to-end direct SIP all along. Of course, the 302
> model doesn't work with the much-needed NAT traversal functions of sip-
> outbound, so the idea here is to offer a compromise that preserves
> both function sets.

I think "end-to-end" would have been broken no matter what 3261 said about 302's, for obvious reasons, but yes I don't disagree that proxy recursion for 3xx (and forking) may end up being a Faustian deal.

-hadriel
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 1:19 AM, Elwell, John wrote:
> There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to the URI or
> to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of authenticity  
> or
> the opposite (i.e.,lack of such an indicator would mean the  
> guarantee is
> low, i.e., the identity has not been verified).
>
> I think on this issue it is just a matter of somebody putting things
> together into a draft. I think Dean and/or Adam were the main  
> initiators
> of this proposal - something like a source=pstn parameter. Would
> somebody care to author a draft? Or do we need further discussion?
>
> John

I think more discussion is needed of what we want to accomplish before  
we can sort out what mechanism are needed. There seems to be a wide  
range of assumptions about what we want.

Culle <with my individual contributor hat on>
>
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I think this could mess up User Agents that do not understand the new response code and treat it like any other 1xx. In this situation, the Proxy is acting as the UAS for the 121 response, and RFC 3261 requires that it have a to-tag. The UAC will create an dialog for the 121 response.

The problem is that the Contact does not meet the criteria required for a provisional response in that it does not reach the UAS (the Proxy) that established the dialog.

What will happen to any in-dialog requests sent by the UAC on the early dialog?

cheers,
(-:bob

-----Original Message-----
From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dean Willis
Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 3:30 AM
To: sip@ietf.org List
Subject: [Sip] Preventing unanticipated respondent syndrome when retargeting

I define "unanticipated respondent syndrome" as the sense of surprise
Alice gets when she calls Bob, only to have the call answered by
Charlie. This is especially problematic if the sorts of security
operations that depend on Alice having some sort of keying
relationship with Charlie become important.

Alice is expecting:

Alice--1-->Proxy--2-->Bob

but instead she gets:

Alice--1-->Proxy--2-->Charlie

because Bob forwarded his phone to Charlie, or because Charlie, who is
authorized to do so, registered as a contact for Bob, and Bob didn't
answer (or has a lwoer qvalue, or whatever)

RFC 4916 lets Alice find out who answered the phone in the most
difficult of cases, and other techniques like P-Asserted-Identity in a
response address simpler cases (or we can use endpoint- asserted RFC
4474 Identity when the keys are known or discoverable). So that's not
a problem. Alice can figure out that she's talking to Charlie, once
they get connected.

The only problem is cluing in Alice that she's about to be talking to
Charlie instead of Bob.

In the cases I've identified above, the proxy knows that it is
retargeting the request to Charlie, not rerouting the request to Bob.
How does it know this? It either a) knows that the Call Forwarding
feature has been activated, and that's always a retarget, or b) knows
that the contact for Bob was registered by Charlie, who isn't Bob (but
that Charlie is authorized to register for Bob's AOR). In fact, if
this the case, it knows both Charlie's authentication identity and his
contact.

Since the proxy knows, it should be able to inform Alice.

I therefore propose a provisional response from Proxy to Alice, which
I'll provisionally call "121 (Retargeting)"

A proxy executing a retargeting operation (by which we mean an
operation that replaces the request URI such that the authenticated
identity of the new request URI is different from the authenticated
identity of the old one) SHOULD return a 121 (Retargeting) provisional
response. The 121 response contains a Contact header field, the value
of which is the new identity being targeted. Optionally, we might
include some sort of "cause" parameter, explaining why the request is
being retargeted (like "Bob's dead, talk to Charlie").

If a proxy doesn't know whether it is rerouting or retargeting, it
SHOULD assume that it is retargeting, and send the appropriate 121
response.

In conclusion, this preserves the proxy-mediated functionality
required for draft-ietf-sip-outbound, while giving us the I-know-who-I-
expect-to-reach function of a 302 (Redirect).

Yeah, this should be an I-D. I'm now accepting volunteer co-authors to
do the dirty work, assuming this idea gets any traction.

--
Dean

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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>, "sip@ietf.org" <sip@ietf.org>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Elwell, John
>
> There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to the URI or
> to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of authenticity or
> the opposite (i.e.,lack of such an indicator would mean the guarantee is
> low, i.e., the identity has not been verified).

I haven't thought about this since it was last on the list, and I think I was a proponent of it at that time, but why were we thinking this would ever be set?  I mean if I'm a clid spoofer, why would I ever want to add such a param??  Isn't it like a "spam=yes" flag you're describing, and then expecting potential spammers to set it?  I've forgotten the train of thought which lead to this param as a viable solution.


> I think on this issue it is just a matter of somebody putting things
> together into a draft. I think Dean and/or Adam were the main initiators
> of this proposal - something like a source=pstn parameter.

Or just source=evil. ;)

-hadriel
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and SBC traversal
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Hi Kai,

Fischer, Kai wrote:
>>>> This issue is totally independent from E.164
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>> Not fully. SBCs may exchange the domain part of the E.164 
>>>       
>> SIP URI, which
>>     
>>> causes a break of the RFC 4474 signature. With email-style 
>>>       
>> URIs a simple
>>     
>>> exchange is not possible.
>>>   
>>>       
>> This is true but this applies to SIP Identity in general and not to 
>> E.164 number usage with SIP Identity only.
>> Hence, I would not tie it to this discussion.
>>     
>
> My point was, that with E.164 an intermediary SBC is able to exchange
> the domain part without a possibility on the terminating side to
> recognize the change.
>  With email-like SIP URIs the domain change is not
> possible or only with a hack.

I see what you mean.

The issue is that John, in one of his other mails, wants to add this 
relationship between the E.164 number and the corresponding domain. If 
you do not create this relationship then there are attacks possible and 
SIP Identity is just not the right mechanism since there is a domain 
that asserts certain properties and they just don't exist in this 
specific case. Bad luck.


>  Two cases need to be differentiated:
> -SBC modifies SDP: This results in a necessity to create a new SIP
> Identity signature and a change of the domain part in the From header
> (valid for both types of SIP URIs email and E.164)
> -SBC modifies From header field only: This is applicable to E.164 only
> and as far as I have recognized from the past discussions a real world
> behavior
>
>   

But in general there was the claim that SIP Identity does not work to 
well with SBCs. Dan wrote a draft about it.


>>>   
>>>       
>>>> I don't like the idea of requiring DTLS-SRTP to provide proof of 
>>>> possession of the keying material.
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>> It is also the other way round. If you use DTLS-SRTP to 
>>>       
>> encrypt RTP, the
>>     
>>> terminating domain is interested where the call originates 
>>>       
>> from and in
>>     
>>> which domain the SRTP connection is terminated. DTLS-SRTP is not
>>> initially used as mean to establish an identity rather than as the
>>> initial aim to encrypt RTP.
>>>   
>>>       
>> I understand the need to know who the end points are. However, tying 
>> DTLS-SRTP is not a good idea since it
>> a) increases the liklihood that SIP identity never get's 
>> deployed (since 
>> it is suddently far more complex than before)
>> b) SIP identity is used also as a identity mechanism in areas 
>> where no 
>> media is exchanged.
>>     
>
> Do you propose to not apply RFC 4474 for DTLS-SRTP fingerprint
> protection and to rely on something different?
>   

SIP Identity works nice in certain environments. The fields that are 
covered by the digital signature calculation in SIP Identity have not 
been chosen arbitrarily. When an SBC changes some of the protected 
fields then there are obviously problems.

Imagine a mechanism that wouldn't compute a signature at all then SBCs 
could do whatever they want.
Good for SBCs; not so good for security.

Ciao
Hannes

> Kai
>
>   
>> Ciao
>> Hannes
>>
>>     
>>> Kai
>>>
>>>   
>>>       
>>>> Ciao
>>>> Hannes
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Elwell, John wrote:
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>>>> SBCs do exist, often for good reasons that Hadriel has expanded on
>>>>> already. I firmly believe that DTLS-SRTP will not be 
>>>>>           
>> deployable in a
>>     
>>>>> meaningful way without addressing this problem. Concerning 
>>>>>       
>>>>>           
>>>> solutions, we
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>>>> have drafts from Kai and Dan, or perhaps a merger of the 
>>>>>           
>> two somehow
>>     
>>>>> would work. It also depends to some extent whether we are 
>>>>>       
>>>>>           
>>>> talking only
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>>>> about email-style URIs or about E.164-based URIs too.
>>>>>
>>>>> John
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>>>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the 
>>>>>           
>> application of sip
>>     
>>>>>   
>>>>>       
>>>>>           
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>>
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>     

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Hannes Tschofenig
>
> SIP Identity works nice in certain environments. The fields that are
> covered by the digital signature calculation in SIP Identity have not
> been chosen arbitrarily. When an SBC changes some of the protected
> fields then there are obviously problems.

Actually, I think some of the fields chosen for signing did NOT need to be signed, and added nothing tangible; or if they did, the result of it making it unusable in many environments was not worth the specific security issue(s) they prevented. (specifically I am talking about the Contact, CSeq, and Call-Id)

There are plenty of valuable SIP Requests which SBCs don't change bodies/From/To of that could use 4474 as is today, if it did not sign those 3 fields.  For example a MESSAGE request (which does not even have a Contact, but would fail the Call-Id changing).  Or a SUBSCRIBE.  Or an INFO. :)


> Imagine a mechanism that wouldn't compute a signature at all then SBCs
> could do whatever they want.
> Good for SBCs; not so good for security.

Depends on how you define secure, at what layer, and most importantly for whom, but we don't need to get into that on this list. :)

-hadriel
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 2:33 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>>
>> There are several reasons why we need it before a 200. As to a a 180
>> or 183, I suppose it makes as much sense to convey the retargeting
>> identity in a 100 as in a 121. As for as a 180: There's no assurance
>> there will ever be one sent by the terminating UAS -- it may well
>> answer immediately.
>
> Yes, but my point was I think you only need/want this info at the  
> same time a 180/183/200 comes back, so why not use them instead of  
> creating more responses?  In other words, if there is no 180 sent  
> back but in fact Charlie answers immediately, and Alice finds out in  
> the 200 then, isn't that ok?

no, because it's too late. I now have this response from somebody that  
I'm not expecting a response from.

If Bob's proxy tells me to expect a response from Charlie, and I get a  
response from Charlie, that's ok. But if I just get this response from  
Charlie, I don't know if somebody has hacked me or what.

Further, there's a timing thing -- I'm likely to get the 1x1 from  
Bob's proxy long (hundreds of ms)  before I get the 180/200 from  
Charlie. So I can use that time window to prep up any keywork needed  
to talk to Charlie. If I wait until after Charlie sends a 200 OK and  
starts streaming media, it'll be harder to get it done in time.

Ideally, I'd like to see Charlie's media key fingerprint in that 1x1  
response. I think.

>
> Less is more. :)
>
>
>> First, it may be important for Alice to know that her call is going  
>> to
>> not-Bob, lest in the earliest media phases she say something mean  
>> only
>> for Bob's ears.
>
> Alice can't say anything to Charlie until she gets SDP from Charlie,  
> in a 18x or 2xx, which is why I keep wondering what's wrong with  
> just using the already existent 18x/2xx.

But how long after that SDP arrives is it before Alice can cognitively  
digest that she's talking to Charlie? How long until she can get  
Charlie's key and verify his authenticity?

>
>
>
>> If we're using sipping-certs and end-node asserted identity, Alice
>> needs to get Charlie's cert before she can validate Charlie's  
>> identity
>> assertion. This is not instantaneous, and the earlier the notice, the
>> better.
>
> Unfortunately 4474 won't allow that anyway in responses - you need  
> 4916, as you well know.  If you want to fix that I'm all for it, but  
> it was shot down before. :(


I'm working on it one roadblock at a time.

The Identity header mechanism of RFC 4474 works just fine in  
responses  IFF the node inserting the response has the means to  
authenticate the responder's identity. While "traditional" SIP Systems  
using digest auth don't have this (necessitating RFC 4916), "outbound"  
proxies with persistent TLS connections probably can make an identity  
assertion. And if we're using endpoint keys for the assertion rather  
than keys held by proxies, the UAS can clearly make an identity  
assertion in a response.

If we have a real PKIX, or if we have IBE/IBA, or if we have secrets  
shared between users, then we can use RFC 4474 Identity headers end-to- 
end, in both request and responses. Yes, this is a slight extension of  
the RFC 4474 text, but it seems to get the job done. And it's central  
to my current thinking on P2SIP.

--
Dean

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On Apr 4, 2008, at 2:42 PM, Bob Penfield wrote:
>
> I think this could mess up User Agents that do not understand the  
> new response code and treat it like any other 1xx. In this  
> situation, the Proxy is acting as the UAS for the 121 response, and  
> RFC 3261 requires that it have a to-tag. The UAC will create an  
> dialog for the 121 response.
>
> The problem is that the Contact does not meet the criteria required  
> for a provisional response in that it does not reach the UAS (the  
> Proxy) that established the dialog.
>
> What will happen to any in-dialog requests sent by the UAC on the  
> early dialog?

This may be true. If so, it means yet more parts of the original SIP  
design are broken by all this early-dialog cruft that we should have  
just said "No, hell no, and what part of no did you not understand?"  
to. If so, put the new targets in Yet Another Header field.

--
Dean
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 2:50 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>> Elwell, John
>>
>> There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to the URI  
>> or
>> to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of  
>> authenticity or
>> the opposite (i.e.,lack of such an indicator would mean the  
>> guarantee is
>> low, i.e., the identity has not been verified).
>
> I haven't thought about this since it was last on the list, and I  
> think I was a proponent of it at that time, but why were we thinking  
> this would ever be set?  I mean if I'm a clid spoofer, why would I  
> ever want to add such a param??  Isn't it like a "spam=yes" flag  
> you're describing, and then expecting potential spammers to set it?   
> I've forgotten the train of thought which lead to this param as a  
> viable solution.

The Identity header essentially signs the From. It's traceable back to  
whoever made the signature. So, if you were an identity server, you  
could spoof any kind of caller ID you might want. But we'd know it was  
you doing it . . .

What we're looking for is a way for an RFC 4474 identity server to say  
something about how strong it believes its assertion to be. Sure, it  
could lie, but then we wouldn't trust it in the future. It's much  
better if it volunteers the information to us that it doesn't REALLY  
know who the caller is, since it has only the caller-ID information to  
go from.

If an identity server were to fully RFC 4474 "sign" a message rom a  
PSTN, it's even possible that the identity server operator could be  
held legally liable for inaccuracy in the asserted identity. In other  
words, if a caller-ID spoofer made a call through the example.com  
gateway, and the example.com identity server attaches an Identity  
header on to the resulting INVITE that asserts the spoofed telephone  
number identity, then someone injured (defrauded) by the caller could  
claim negligence on the part of the example.com identity server and  
sue for damages.

This is why things like identity servers (and CAs) have statements of  
policy that describe their procedures and the strength of claim being  
made. Those published policies are legal contracts with the users of  
the certificates. It's part of why x.509 certs are so big and have so  
many things like subject-alt-names and extended key usage. SIP  
identity services need the same sorts of legal flexibility. Being able  
to sign a request on the basis of "I swear to you that it came through  
my gateway, but I don't know who it really came from, so I make no  
assertions about this identity other than that the request came  
through my gateway with the calling-party-ID information described  
herein" is really, really important.

--
Dean

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 4:25 PM
>
> On Apr 4, 2008, at 2:33 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> > Yes, but my point was I think you only need/want this info at the
> > same time a 180/183/200 comes back, so why not use them instead of
> > creating more responses?  In other words, if there is no 180 sent
> > back but in fact Charlie answers immediately, and Alice finds out in
> > the 200 then, isn't that ok?
>
> no, because it's too late. I now have this response from somebody that
> I'm not expecting a response from.

So then we'll need a 121 for the 121 then too?  ;)

> If Bob's proxy tells me to expect a response from Charlie, and I get a
> response from Charlie, that's ok. But if I just get this response from
> Charlie, I don't know if somebody has hacked me or what.

You won't know that for the 121 either - if someone has the callid/via/from-tag/etc. necessary to send you a fake matching response, a 121 will not be hard for them to send.  Obviously if a 121 could be signed by Bob's proxy, saying "I'm sending this to Charlie", that would be interesting maybe.  But you could instead just have Bob's proxy put something in the Invite it forwards to Charlie which Charlie copies in his response, to tell you he's legit to have gotten it. (and that mechanism at the same time could help avoid the rfc4474 baiting attack problem)


> Further, there's a timing thing -- I'm likely to get the 1x1 from
> Bob's proxy long (hundreds of ms)  before I get the 180/200 from
> Charlie. So I can use that time window to prep up any keywork needed
> to talk to Charlie. If I wait until after Charlie sends a 200 OK and
> starts streaming media, it'll be harder to get it done in time.
> Ideally, I'd like to see Charlie's media key fingerprint in that 1x1
> response. I think.

Currently that fingerprint is in SDP anyway, and furthermore unique to Charlie (not available to Bob's proxy or even Charlie's proxy).  Isn't what you want then just rfc5027 (sec-preconditions)?


> The Identity header mechanism of RFC 4474 works just fine in
> responses  IFF the node inserting the response has the means to
> authenticate the responder's identity. While "traditional" SIP Systems
> using digest auth don't have this (necessitating RFC 4916), "outbound"
> proxies with persistent TLS connections probably can make an identity
> assertion. And if we're using endpoint keys for the assertion rather
> than keys held by proxies, the UAS can clearly make an identity
> assertion in a response.

I believe, from my google searching of the mail archives a while ago, that the main argument for not signing the responses was not to do with digest auth of the responder - it was because of the retarget scenario, where a retargeted-to domain could not possibly sign the response unless we allowed the To-URI to be changed in responses, which people were not wont to do due to 2543 dialog matching rules. At least that was my google impression. :)

-hadriel

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Cc: "sip@ietf.org" <sip@ietf.org>, "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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There is a difficult line to walk here:

On one hand the GW operator doesn't want to be held liable for asserting 
an address it can't verify.

OTOH the UAS (should) want *some* assurance of the identity of the 
caller before displaying it as caller id.

If the UAS won't display without a trusted signature, and the GWs won't 
provide a signature for anything from the PSTN, then sip phones won't 
ever get callerid for calls from the PSTN.

If the UAS on the open internet will display anything (e.g. From) 
without any verification information, then I think we will, in a 
practical sense, have something that is far worse than the PSTN is 
today. (Maybe not worse than the PSTN will be when we have more IP 
interconnects with it.)

	Paul

Dean Willis wrote:
> On Apr 4, 2008, at 2:50 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>>> Elwell, John
>>>
>>> There seems to be some interest in adding some indicator to the URI  
>>> or
>>> to the header field to warn of the limited guarantee of  
>>> authenticity or
>>> the opposite (i.e.,lack of such an indicator would mean the  
>>> guarantee is
>>> low, i.e., the identity has not been verified).
>> I haven't thought about this since it was last on the list, and I  
>> think I was a proponent of it at that time, but why were we thinking  
>> this would ever be set?  I mean if I'm a clid spoofer, why would I  
>> ever want to add such a param??  Isn't it like a "spam=yes" flag  
>> you're describing, and then expecting potential spammers to set it?   
>> I've forgotten the train of thought which lead to this param as a  
>> viable solution.
> 
> The Identity header essentially signs the From. It's traceable back to  
> whoever made the signature. So, if you were an identity server, you  
> could spoof any kind of caller ID you might want. But we'd know it was  
> you doing it . . .
> 
> What we're looking for is a way for an RFC 4474 identity server to say  
> something about how strong it believes its assertion to be. Sure, it  
> could lie, but then we wouldn't trust it in the future. It's much  
> better if it volunteers the information to us that it doesn't REALLY  
> know who the caller is, since it has only the caller-ID information to  
> go from.
> 
> If an identity server were to fully RFC 4474 "sign" a message rom a  
> PSTN, it's even possible that the identity server operator could be  
> held legally liable for inaccuracy in the asserted identity. In other  
> words, if a caller-ID spoofer made a call through the example.com  
> gateway, and the example.com identity server attaches an Identity  
> header on to the resulting INVITE that asserts the spoofed telephone  
> number identity, then someone injured (defrauded) by the caller could  
> claim negligence on the part of the example.com identity server and  
> sue for damages.
> 
> This is why things like identity servers (and CAs) have statements of  
> policy that describe their procedures and the strength of claim being  
> made. Those published policies are legal contracts with the users of  
> the certificates. It's part of why x.509 certs are so big and have so  
> many things like subject-alt-names and extended key usage. SIP  
> identity services need the same sorts of legal flexibility. Being able  
> to sign a request on the basis of "I swear to you that it came through  
> my gateway, but I don't know who it really came from, so I make no  
> assertions about this identity other than that the request came  
> through my gateway with the calling-party-ID information described  
> herein" is really, really important.
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 3:59 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 4:25 PM
>>
>> On Apr 4, 2008, at 2:33 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>> Yes, but my point was I think you only need/want this info at the
>>> same time a 180/183/200 comes back, so why not use them instead of
>>> creating more responses?  In other words, if there is no 180 sent
>>> back but in fact Charlie answers immediately, and Alice finds out in
>>> the 200 then, isn't that ok?
>>
>> no, because it's too late. I now have this response from somebody  
>> that
>> I'm not expecting a response from.
>
> So then we'll need a 121 for the 121 then too?  ;)

No, because teh 121 comes from an attributable source in the expected  
domain.

>
>
>> If Bob's proxy tells me to expect a response from Charlie, and I  
>> get a
>> response from Charlie, that's ok. But if I just get this response  
>> from
>> Charlie, I don't know if somebody has hacked me or what.
>
> You won't know that for the 121 either - if someone has the callid/ 
> via/from-tag/etc. necessary to send you a fake matching response, a  
> 121 will not be hard for them to send.  Obviously if a 121 could be  
> signed by Bob's proxy, saying "I'm sending this to Charlie", that  
> would be interesting maybe.  But you could instead just have Bob's  
> proxy put something in the Invite it forwards to Charlie which  
> Charlie copies in his response, to tell you he's legit to have  
> gotten it. (and that mechanism at the same time could help avoid the  
> rfc4474 baiting attack problem)
>

Well, that's why I want identity-signed responses.

--
dean

>
>> Further, there's a timing thing -- I'm likely to get the 1x1 from
>> Bob's proxy long (hundreds of ms)  before I get the 180/200 from
>> Charlie. So I can use that time window to prep up any keywork needed
>> to talk to Charlie. If I wait until after Charlie sends a 200 OK and
>> starts streaming media, it'll be harder to get it done in time.
>> Ideally, I'd like to see Charlie's media key fingerprint in that 1x1
>> response. I think.
>
> Currently that fingerprint is in SDP anyway, and furthermore unique  
> to Charlie (not available to Bob's proxy or even Charlie's proxy).   
> Isn't what you want then just rfc5027 (sec-preconditions)?

Not really. There are scenarios where getting Charlie's cert  
fingerprint in advance of the 200 OK is useful.

>
>
>
>> The Identity header mechanism of RFC 4474 works just fine in
>> responses  IFF the node inserting the response has the means to
>> authenticate the responder's identity. While "traditional" SIP  
>> Systems
>> using digest auth don't have this (necessitating RFC 4916),  
>> "outbound"
>> proxies with persistent TLS connections probably can make an identity
>> assertion. And if we're using endpoint keys for the assertion rather
>> than keys held by proxies, the UAS can clearly make an identity
>> assertion in a response.
>
> I believe, from my google searching of the mail archives a while  
> ago, that the main argument for not signing the responses was not to  
> do with digest auth of the responder - it was because of the  
> retarget scenario, where a retargeted-to domain could not possibly  
> sign the response unless we allowed the To-URI to be changed in  
> responses, which people were not wont to do due to 2543 dialog  
> matching rules. At least that was my google impression. :)

right -- so we use a previous provisional response from a node on the  
"expected path" to solve the unanticipated response problem resulting  
from the retarget!

--
Dean

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For SIP itself (?), or for SRTP?

-d
 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of rossi kamal
> Sent: Thursday, April 03, 2008 7:52 AM
> To: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: [Sip] sip@ietf.org
> 
> Would anyone suggest me on the key management protocols in 
> existent SIP clients
> 
> if there is article or journal it would be preferable
> _______________________________________________
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Date: Fri, 4 Apr 2008 19:15:02 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>
> If an identity server were to fully RFC 4474 "sign" a message rom a
> PSTN, it's even possible that the identity server operator could be
> held legally liable for inaccuracy in the asserted identity. In other
> words, if a caller-ID spoofer made a call through the example.com
> gateway, and the example.com identity server attaches an Identity
> header on to the resulting INVITE that asserts the spoofed telephone
> number identity, then someone injured (defrauded) by the caller could
> claim negligence on the part of the example.com identity server and
> sue for damages.

I'm pretty sure that's not possible.  It's possible to sue the good guys, in the local country - but it's quite hard if not impossible for me to sue some enterprise in Thailand, for example.  I don't know if verisign/thawte/etc. would give them a cert, but since we're not mandating specific "SIP 4474" certs and they can use the domain cert they legitimately got for web, I don't see how my UA is to know any better about their's than softarmor.com's cert. (without whitelists)

But more importantly, if you're thinking these things would truly have *legal* ramification, then my guess is no "good-guys" would touch signing with 4474 with a ten foot pole, ever.  Do DKIM email signatures have such legal implications?

-hadriel
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
>
> There is a difficult line to walk here:

Yes, very.

> On one hand the GW operator doesn't want to be held liable for asserting
> an address it can't verify.
> OTOH the UAS (should) want *some* assurance of the identity of the
> caller before displaying it as caller id.

But I think that's the rub - people are pointing out that a PSTN Gateway doesn't have that assurance of the CLID it got to begin with.  Garbage in = garbage out.  I don't disagree there is a pragmatic middle-ground though. (the reality is the CLID's correct 99%+ of the time)
I'm just trying to figure out how in SIP it wouldn't quickly be worthless.


> If the UAS won't display without a trusted signature, and the GWs won't
> provide a signature for anything from the PSTN, then sip phones won't
> ever get callerid for calls from the PSTN.

Sure, but it's the first antecedent I don't think holds: it just needs to display it differently, like with a "?" at the end or some such.  I know, I'm dreaming. :)  This problem sucketh.

-hadriel
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Thank you John.

I am OK with your edits 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 11.

I don't understand your point about 3.

For 7, it should say "A configuration option indicating...".

For 9, I'll have to defer to Rohan and Cullen because I find it
confusing too.

For 10, I believe that it would work if an upstream evil B2BUA does
topology hiding since the proxy uses the Via in the Request and not the 
Path in the response.



> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Elwell, John
> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 07:01
> To: IETF SIP List
> Subject: [Sip] Review of sip-outbound-13
> 
> I think this is ready to go if the following minor comments are
> addressed:
> 
> 1. "This
>    specification also defines multiple keep alive schemes."
> Change "multiple" to "two".
> 
> 2. "A Flow is a network protocol layer (layer 4) association"
> Change "network" to "transport".
> 
> 3. "One case where a UA may not want to include
>    the sip.instance media feature tag at all is when it is making an
>    anonymous request or some other privacy concern requires 
> that the UA
>    not reveal its identity."
> There is no statement about what should be done in this case.
> 
> 4. "These registration requests include a distinct reg-id parameter in
>    the Contact header field."
> I think some normative language is needed here. Perhaps change to:
> "For registration requests in accordance with outbound 
> behaviour, the UA MUST include a distinct reg-id parameter in 
> the Contact header field."
> 
> 5. "the target first
>    hop SIP note"
> Change "note" to "node".
> 
> 6. "as this is already allowed by
>    [RFC3261].  Section 7.5, however a UA that did not register using
>    outbound registration"
> I think this should say
> "as this is already allowed by
>    [RFC3261] section 7.5. However, a UA that did not register using
>    outbound registration"
> 
> 7. "Configuration indicating keepalive support for a specific 
> target is
>    considered an explicit indication.  If these conditions are
>    satisfied, the UA sends its keepalives according to the same
>    guidelines described in the rest of this section as UAs which
>    register."
> I don't understand the meaning of the first sentence. Is it 
> trying to say that configuration is an alternative way of 
> determining support for keepalive?
> 
> 8. "For devices where power is
>    not a significant concern, the UA SHOULD select a random number
>    between 95 and 120 seconds between keepalives.  When 
> battery power is
>    a concern, the UA SHOULD select a random number between 672 and 840
>    seconds (14 minutes).  These times MAY be configurable."
> The last sentence seems to undermine the previous SHOULD 
> strength statements. Also, what exactly can be configurable - 
> just the upper and lower bounds? I don't think, for example, 
> we are proposing to allow somebody to configure say 180 
> seconds as both upper and lower bounds (not a range, no 
> randomisation). So I think it is the bounds that can be 
> configurable, and even then the 20% difference must be maintained.
> Perhaps it should say something like:
> "The UA MUST select a random number between a fixed or 
> configurable upper bound and a lower bound, where the lower 
> bound is 20% less then the upper bound. The fixed upper bound 
> or the default configurable upper bound SHOULD be 120 seconds 
> (95 seconds lower bound) where battery power is not a concern 
> and 840 seconds (672 seconds lower bound) where battery power 
> is a concern."
> 
> 9. "The delay time is computed by selecting a uniform random 
> time between
>    50 and 100 percent of the wait time.  The UA MUST wait for 
> the value
>    of the delay time before trying another registration to form a new
>    flow for that URI."
> I find this a little confusing. The several paragraphs before 
> that have all talked about wait time, or time to wait, which 
> suggests that that is how long you wait before trying 
> registration again. Then we suddenly have this "delay time" 
> introduced, and it says that "UA MUST wait for the value of 
> the delay time before trying another registration". It might 
> be better to introduce the concept of delay time and wait 
> time up front. Furthermore, it is not clear whether the delay 
> time (between 50 and 100 percent of the wait time) starts 
> when the wait time starts or when the wait time finishes. I 
> think the examples given in the succeeding paragraph suggest 
> it is the former interpretation. In any case, it needs to be 
> clarified.
> 
> 10. "The Edge Proxy can determine
>    if it is the first hop by examining the Via header field."
> Does this still work in the case of topology hiding by an 
> upstream entity?
> 
> 11. "When a '+sip.instance' media feature parameter is present in a
>    Contact header field of a REGISTER request (after the 
> Contact header
>    validation as described above), the corresponding binding 
> is between
>    an AOR and the combination of the instance-id (from the 
> +sip.instance
>    media feature parameter) and the value of reg-id parameter if it is
>    present."
> I think the normative statements that follow are only 
> concerned with the case where reg-id is present, so I think 
> it should be changed to:
> "When a '+sip.instance' media feature parameter and a reg-id 
> parameter are present in a
>    Contact header field of a REGISTER request (after the 
> Contact header
>    validation as described above), the corresponding binding 
> is between
>    an AOR and the combination of the instance-id (from the 
> +sip.instance
>    media feature parameter) and the value of reg-id parameter."
> 
> John
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip 
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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References: <0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D09160BB@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><E6C2E8958BA59A4FB960963D475F7AC30BCBDE8CF6@mail.acmepacket.com><03A9C5ED-8D4C-48EF-A612-3CEAADD885BD@softarmor.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "'Elwell, John'" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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> But more importantly, if you're thinking these things would 
> truly have *legal* ramification, then my guess is no 
> "good-guys" would touch signing with 4474 with a ten foot 
> pole, ever.  Do DKIM email signatures have such legal 
> implications?

The closest analogy in DKIM would be someone that operated
a T.37/RFC2305 gateway (which converts fax to email), and
sends those resulting emails with their domain (example.com).

-d

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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Dean Willis wrote:
>
> On Apr 4, 2008, at 1:20 PM, Michael Thomas wrote:
>> Rather than work on a solution, I'd rather hear why a receiver cares
>> about any of this. Ie, what does the consumer of this information do
>> differently? The experience from the email world thus far is "not much"
>> which makes me suspicious this is too abstract a problem for the outside
>> world to care about.
>>
>
> That's a fair question.
>
> The worry is that an RFC 4474 identity assertion forms what is 
> essentially a contract verification "I, identity service example.com, 
> have verified according to best current practices that the party 
> originating this message is authorized to use the identity 
> sip:alice@example.com".

Is 4474 really that emphatic? Can you point me to the section that defines
that (sorry, I'm not being rhetorical). That's a pretty high barrier, 
and strikes
me as a very hard thing for any bulk signing service to guarantee. DKIM
is far weaker.
>
> We generally assume the "best current practices" something on the 
> order of "the party in question has presented credentials based on a 
> secret known to sip:alice@example.com and presumably unknown to other 
> parties, and this presentation is consistent with prior interactions 
> had by this identity service and sip:alice@example.com".

That puts an awful lot of responsibility on the signer, especially if the
signer isn't colocated with the credential verification.  With DKIM, we
do not make that kind of guarantee; it's up to the domain itself to
determine what the best practices are which might be some cryptographic
guarantee (say, SMTP auth), or might be layer 8 guarantee ("you'll
lose your job if you do this"). By not making any explicit guarantee
about the authorization to use a given local part, we skate around
this thorny issue and frankly makes it a lot easier to roll out a signer.
>
> But when the identity assertion is coming from a PSTN caller ID, it's 
> significantly less authoritative statement: "I, the identity service 
> at example.com, think that this request came from +12142821376 because 
> this is the calling party identifier presented to my telephony 
> interface."

Why is this limited to just the PSTN? Given your average megacorp or 
telephant,
the possibility for spoofing of the local part seems pretty significant 
when you're
talking about bulk signers. Weakening the guarantees to "you can complain
to my SIP admins" is a lot easier to achieve in real life.
>
> There is a profound liability distinction between these two. Failure 
> to resolve it means that RFC 4474 identity headers would never be more 
> credible than PSTN caller-ID, and we seem to think they need to be 
> more credible.

I don't buy this: PSTN caller id is a cross domain transitive trust model.
4474 limits this to domain boundaries. That people want to put e.164
like thingies in the localpart doesn't change who controls the namespace:
it's the domain's, fullstop. Trying to go anything beyond saying that the
localpart is anything beyond an opaque blob as far as the receiver is
concerned is essentially saying that I want to tell you my rules for laying
out my name space, part of which has thingies that look (but aren't)
e.164 blobs.

I really don't think you want to go here. The complexity here is
enormous.

But I'm not sure that my question was answered though: what do you
expect a receiver to do differently? Are you thinking about human
factors on the UAS? Something else?


       Mike
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Cc: "'Elwell, John'" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Elwell, John
> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 1:19 AM
> To: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
> 
> On this thread I would like to explore what can be done in terms of
> avoiding the issues concerned with RFC 4474 and E.164-based 
> SIP URIs by
> migration towards the use of email-style URIs.
> E.164-based URIs will still be needed, particularly for interworking
> with PSTN but also in those SIP environments where E.164 numbers are
> more easily handled (e.g., phones with number-based user interfaces).
> But perhaps we can explore more the possibility of using the two forms
> in parallel, e.g., E.164-based in PAI (e.g., as TEL URI) and 
> email-style in From. I know Dan has an interesting straw man on 
> this topic, which I will allow him to present himself.

One idea that someone (Jonathan?) posted to SIP, about a week 
before the Philadelphia meeting, was to mix both e.164 and email
style identifiers.  In that email, it was suggested to use a 
separator between the two (a "*", as I recall).  

I have been thinking about using both E.164-style and email-style 
URIs in parallel, for two reasons:

  1.  provide a migration path from E.164-style URIs to email-style
      URIs
  2.  allow stronger identity to be asserted for email-style URIs


Here is a straw-man idea:

On an outgoing request containing an e164-style URI in the From:
(or PAI, as you prefer), the domain additionally places the user's 
email-style URI into a new header (let's call it "email-identity").
It determines the mapping between a user's E.164 URI and email URI
using a flat database (example: +14085551234 -> dwing@cisco.com).

This new header is signed along with everything else we like to 
sign [choose RFC4474, draft-fischer-sip-e2e-sec-media-00.txt, or 
draft-wing-sip-identity-media-02.txt, as you prefer].

If the receiving domain understands email-identity, it validates
the claimed identity, and it presents the email-style URI to the
called party.  Thus, the E.164 in the From: (or in the PAI) is 
essentially ignored.  If the receiving domain does not understand
email-identity, the receiving domain does not enjoy any benefits
of the email-identity header and does not experience any harm from
the email-identity header.

This provides a backwards-compatible way to migrate to email-style
URIs, and gives us strong identity with those email-style URIs.

-d

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> But more importantly, if you're thinking these things would truly have *legal* ramification, then my guess is no "good-guys" would touch signing with 4474 with a ten foot pole, ever.  Do DKIM email signatures have such legal implications?
>   
IANAL, but I sure hope not. It's certainly not what we intended.

But I'm not convinced (yet) that this is what 4474 is trying to do.
And I'm definitely not convinced that just because something in
my namespace happens to superficially look like a e.164 address
that I'm bound to some different standard. Would a rot13 on the
e.164-like thingie be sufficient to avoid those legal implications?

I'm sorry, but the implicit complexity just makes my head hurt.

       Mike
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 6:15 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>>
>> If an identity server were to fully RFC 4474 "sign" a message rom a
>> PSTN, it's even possible that the identity server operator could be
>> held legally liable for inaccuracy in the asserted identity. In other
>> words, if a caller-ID spoofer made a call through the example.com
>> gateway, and the example.com identity server attaches an Identity
>> header on to the resulting INVITE that asserts the spoofed telephone
>> number identity, then someone injured (defrauded) by the caller could
>> claim negligence on the part of the example.com identity server and
>> sue for damages.
>
> I'm pretty sure that's not possible.  It's possible to sue the good  
> guys, in the local country - but it's quite hard if not impossible  
> for me to sue some enterprise in Thailand, for example.  I don't  
> know if verisign/thawte/etc. would give them a cert, but since we're  
> not mandating specific "SIP 4474" certs and they can use the domain  
> cert they legitimately got for web, I don't see how my UA is to know  
> any better about their's than softarmor.com's cert. (without  
> whitelists)

Dude, go talk to your lawyer.

I'm NOT talking about a foreign identity service that is the source of  
caller-ID fraud. I'm talking about an allegedly trustworthy identity  
service that is culpably negligent because it has allowed itself to  
become a conduit of identity fraud.

If you're  a US business, and you sign a a request containing a  
telephone number, and it turns out you're wrong (not because you're  
doing it on purpose, but because you are incompetent) and I get taken  
in by a scammer as a result of your mistake, I can sue you for all the  
damages I receive. I might even win, and at the very least, I'm going  
to cost you a big chunk of money.

But if you signed the request with a stipulation that you passed the  
request on, but that the identity came from the PSTN and is not  
something you have verified (and these things are true), then you are  
NOT liable, because there is no genenral expectation that PSTN caller  
ID is absolutely correct. You might also escape liability by very  
careful application of your published operations policy, but it's  
possible to run into the "implicit warranty" problem in some states.  
remember, this isn't criminal law, it's civil damages litigation,  
which has a much lower threshold of proof.

> But more importantly, if you're thinking these things would truly  
> have *legal* ramification, then my guess is no "good-guys" would  
> touch signing with 4474 with a ten foot pole, ever.  Do DKIM email  
> signatures have such legal implications?

Certificate issuance certainly has such legal ramifications. That's  
why there is a mass of policy documents around each of the CAs, and  
why you can't really trust a cert in the absence of understanding a  
CA's policies, and even then you can trust it only to the extent of  
the insurance and assets of the CA. And it's why you're more likely to  
believe a Verisign or other tier-1 CA's signing than you are to  
believe one from the Elbonian Secret Police -- because Verisign and  
the other Tier-1s have done the homework to both make themselves  
credible and manage their liability.

Even with this, I'm only describing the tip of the vast iceberg of  
legal complexity and liability that exist.

Given this, and in the absence a mechanism for making a disclaimer,  
you WOULD have to be a fool to slap an identity header on something  
that you didn't authenticate.

And yes, DKIM signatures can potentially have significant legal  
implications. The case law is generally undecided, but I expect it to  
be a lucrative area of practice for my attorneys.

--
Dean
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 6:53 PM, Dan Wing wrote:
>
>> But more importantly, if you're thinking these things would
>> truly have *legal* ramification, then my guess is no
>> "good-guys" would touch signing with 4474 with a ten foot
>> pole, ever.  Do DKIM email signatures have such legal
>> implications?
>
> The closest analogy in DKIM would be someone that operated
> a T.37/RFC2305 gateway (which converts fax to email), and
> sends those resulting emails with their domain (example.com).

If you're an operator of a DKIM system, and somebody hacks your system  
and sends mail that's authoritatively from your domain, you can be  
held liable for the consequences of the email.  So could somebody who  
doesn't run DKIM and is hacked. But  bur position is actually weaker  
than someone who doesn't run DKIM, because you've made a stronger  
assurance of trust, effectively increasing your responsibility under  
implicit warranty.

--
Dean
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Dean Willis wrote:
> On Apr 4, 2008, at 6:53 PM, Dan Wing wrote:
>   
>>> But more importantly, if you're thinking these things would
>>> truly have *legal* ramification, then my guess is no
>>> "good-guys" would touch signing with 4474 with a ten foot
>>> pole, ever.  Do DKIM email signatures have such legal
>>> implications?
>>>       
>> The closest analogy in DKIM would be someone that operated
>> a T.37/RFC2305 gateway (which converts fax to email), and
>> sends those resulting emails with their domain (example.com).
>>     
>
> If you're an operator of a DKIM system, and somebody hacks your system  
> and sends mail that's authoritatively from your domain, you can be  
> held liable for the consequences of the email.  So could somebody who  
> doesn't run DKIM and is hacked. But  bur position is actually weaker  
> than someone who doesn't run DKIM, because you've made a stronger  
> assurance of trust, effectively increasing your responsibility under  
> implicit warranty.
>   
Anything is possible I suppose but this strikes me as rather alarmist.
Lots of big domains are running DKIM these days including some big old
banks who are usually pretty cautious about such things and ISP's who
have pretty awful control over their user base.  But we're not trying to 
vouch
for the authorization to use a given localpart either.

I'm pretty sure that if anything about this subject hinges on the likelihood
or not of future litigation we are in deep do-do.

          Mike
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To: "'Michael Thomas'" <mat@cisco.com>,
	"'Dean Willis'" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "'Elwell, John'" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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> Dean Willis wrote:
> > On Apr 4, 2008, at 6:53 PM, Dan Wing wrote:
> >   
> >>> But more importantly, if you're thinking these things would
> >>> truly have *legal* ramification, then my guess is no
> >>> "good-guys" would touch signing with 4474 with a ten foot
> >>> pole, ever.  Do DKIM email signatures have such legal
> >>> implications?
> >>>       
> >> The closest analogy in DKIM would be someone that operated
> >> a T.37/RFC2305 gateway (which converts fax to email), and
> >> sends those resulting emails with their domain (example.com).
> >>     
> >
> > If you're an operator of a DKIM system, and somebody hacks 
> your system  
> > and sends mail that's authoritatively from your domain, you can be  
> > held liable for the consequences of the email.  So could 
> somebody who  
> > doesn't run DKIM and is hacked. But  bur position is 
> actually weaker  
> > than someone who doesn't run DKIM, because you've made a stronger  
> > assurance of trust, effectively increasing your 
> responsibility under  
> > implicit warranty.
> >   
> Anything is possible I suppose but this strikes me as rather alarmist.
> Lots of big domains are running DKIM these days including some big old
> banks who are usually pretty cautious about such things and ISP's who
> have pretty awful control over their user base.  But we're 
> not trying to 
> vouch
> for the authorization to use a given localpart either.
> 
> I'm pretty sure that if anything about this subject hinges on 
> the likelihood
> or not of future litigation we are in deep do-do.

Consider that, today, the opposite is true for the postal service,
the PSTN, ISPs, and email:  if you give them a letter, a phone 
number, a destination IP address, or a destination email address,
they are expected to route that letter, phone number, IP packet, or
email message accordingly.  There is a 'contract' to do so, and
a contract that they will not mis-route the letter, call, IP
packet, or email.

Similarly, when the letter, call, packet, or email is handed off
by the postal service, phone company, ISP, or email provider, it
has 'finished' doing its job.  Someone else in your house (or
place of business) might destroy the letter or mis-handle the
phone call.  Someone might drop the packet (your firewall, your
PC that crashed).  When the email is sitting on the email server,
someone might guess your password, login via POP, and retrieve
it without your knowledge.

DKIM, and rfc4474, do much the same, in reverse.

-d

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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 6:57 PM, Michael Thomas wrote:
> Dean Willis wrote:
>>
>> On Apr 4, 2008, at 1:20 PM, Michael Thomas wrote:
>>> Rather than work on a solution, I'd rather hear why a receiver cares
>>> about any of this. Ie, what does the consumer of this information do
>>> differently? The experience from the email world thus far is "not  
>>> much"
>>> which makes me suspicious this is too abstract a problem for the  
>>> outside
>>> world to care about.
>>>
>>
>> That's a fair question.
>>
>> The worry is that an RFC 4474 identity assertion forms what is
>> essentially a contract verification "I, identity service example.com,
>> have verified according to best current practices that the party
>> originating this message is authorized to use the identity
>> sip:alice@example.com".
>
> Is 4474 really that emphatic? Can you point me to the section that  
> defines
> that (sorry, I'm not being rhetorical). That's a pretty high barrier,
> and strikes
> me as a very hard thing for any bulk signing service to guarantee.  
> DKIM
> is far weaker.

4474 provides a relatively strong assertion of identity. There isn't  
one place in the text that says it, but again and again throughout the  
text it covers potential weaknesses and why they aren't a problem. It  
talks about identities being "verified". My professional opinion is  
that, as written, RFC 4474, implies that the identity service has  
strongly vouched for the identity indicated in the header.

Consider the text of Section 5:

> This document defines a new role for SIP entities called an  
> authentication service. The authentication service role can be  
> instantiated by a proxy server or a user agent. Any entity that  
> instantiates the authentication service role MUST possess the  
> private key of a domain certificate. Intermediaries that instantiate  
> this role MUST be capable of authenticating one or more SIP users  
> that can register in that domain.


This normatively states that the authentication service can  
authenticate the users for which it voices, with the strong  
implication (supported later in the text) that it actually does so.

Consider also the discussion of trusted entities:

> One solution to this problem is to use 'trusted' SIP intermediaries  
> that assert an identity for users in the form of a privileged SIP  
> header. A mechanism for doing so (with the P-Asserted-Identity  
> header) is given in [12]. However, this solution allows only hop- by- 
> hop trust between intermediaries, not end-to-end cryptographic  
> authentication, and it assumes a managed network of nodes with  
> strict mutual trust relationships, an assumption that is  
> incompatible with widespread Internet deployment.


If you've represented yourself as a trusted provider of information,   
and arrange for people to trust that information, then you've entered  
into a contract to provide trustworthy services in a workmanlike  
fashion. If you do a shoddy job, you're liable for the consequences to  
your victims. This is true throughout legal systems derived from the  
British common law, including the US.  That's why every mutual fund  
you might buy has a prospectus saying "Past history does not guarantee  
future performance".


>
>>
>> We generally assume the "best current practices" something on the
>> order of "the party in question has presented credentials based on a
>> secret known to sip:alice@example.com and presumably unknown to other
>> parties, and this presentation is consistent with prior interactions
>> had by this identity service and sip:alice@example.com".
>
> That puts an awful lot of responsibility on the signer, especially  
> if the
> signer isn't colocated with the credential verification.  With DKIM,  
> we
> do not make that kind of guarantee; it's up to the domain itself to
> determine what the best practices are which might be some  
> cryptographic
> guarantee (say, SMTP auth), or might be layer 8 guarantee ("you'll
> lose your job if you do this"). By not making any explicit guarantee
> about the authorization to use a given local part, we skate around
> this thorny issue and frankly makes it a lot easier to roll out a  
> signer.

Right. But 4474 makes strong assertions about the user part.

And that's why we either have to choose to "take with a grain of salt"  
any Identity that contains something that might possibly be a phone  
number, or we have to have some way of differentiating things that  
came from the PSTN from those we really authenticated, or we have to  
follow the letter of RFC 4474 and NOT provide an identity header when  
there's any doubt. Several people have proposed this last choice, and  
it's technically valid.

But since DTLS-SRTP does get some benefit from having an RFC 4474  
header, this consequently weakens what we get from DTLS-SRTP whenever  
there's a call that originates on the PSTN and transits an IP network.  
This might be OK too, but if that's what we choose, then we have to  
document the limitation.

And so far, we keep going around in circles explaining the problem.  
And since we can't declare consensus on something people don't  
understand, we'll keep going around in circles until either 1) people  
get it, or 2) we give up.


>
>>
>> But when the identity assertion is coming from a PSTN caller ID, it's
>> significantly less authoritative statement: "I, the identity service
>> at example.com, think that this request came from +12142821376  
>> because
>> this is the calling party identifier presented to my telephony
>> interface."
>
> Why is this limited to just the PSTN? Given your average megacorp or
> telephant,
> the possibility for spoofing of the local part seems pretty  
> significant
> when you're
> talking about bulk signers. Weakening the guarantees to "you can  
> complain
> to my SIP admins" is a lot easier to achieve in real life.

Might be. But we've currently established the expectation that an  
Identity header serves to authenticate the calling party for access to  
confidential records like voice mail, access to conference calls, and  
so on. We can certainly go back and write in some guidance about the  
meaningfulness of the assertion, if that's what we choose to do.


>
>>
>> There is a profound liability distinction between these two. Failure
>> to resolve it means that RFC 4474 identity headers would never be  
>> more
>> credible than PSTN caller-ID, and we seem to think they need to be
>> more credible.
>
> I don't buy this: PSTN caller id is a cross domain transitive trust  
> model.
> 4474 limits this to domain boundaries. That people want to put e.164
> like thingies in the localpart doesn't change who controls the  
> namespace:
> it's the domain's, fullstop. Trying to go anything beyond saying  
> that the
> localpart is anything beyond an opaque blob as far as the receiver is
> concerned is essentially saying that I want to tell you my rules for  
> laying
> out my name space, part of which has thingies that look (but aren't)
> e.164 blobs.
>

Right -- the law is clear that as an identity server, you're  
responsible for the accuracy of your work, no matter whether the user  
part is numeric or textual or encodoes a phone number.

The question is, how do you avoid making misleading assertions?


> I really don't think you want to go here. The complexity here is
> enormous.
>
> But I'm not sure that my question was answered though: what do you
> expect a receiver to do differently? Are you thinking about human
> factors on the UAS? Something else?


Here's what 4474 already says:

> As a recipient of a request, a user agent that can verify signed  
> identities should also support an appropriate user interface to  
> render the validity of identity to a user. User agent     
> implementations SHOULD differentiate signed From header field values  
> from unsigned From header field values when rendering to an end-user  
> the identity of the sender of a request.


So yes, we expect the UAS to treat these things differently based on  
the presence of an Identity header. We could equally assume that it  
will treat them differently based on strength of the identity  
assertion. For example, one might choose to request a PIN from PSTN  
callers attending a conference bridge, but not do so from VoIP callers  
who have authorized identities.

--
Dean


--
Dean

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$Id: draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements-04-rev.txt,v 1.2 2008/04/05 00:53:27 ekr Exp $

This document seems to me to be in good shape.

I have the following comments about this document. None of these are critical
so I won't cry if they don't get made, and I don't want them to hold
the document up if they're controversy.


S 4.1.
   which it is detect-attack, which provides protection against the

"which is"?


   before the SDP answer arrives) might make the requirements to become
   obsolete, but at the time of writing no progress has been

Not sure I know what this means: "to become obsolete" seems ungramattical
here. 


S 4.3.
The entire section on shared key conferencing doesn't lead to any
requirements as far as I can tell. Does it make sense to remove
it from this document?


S 5.1.
   R-DISTINCT:
         The media security key management protocol MUST be capble of
s/capble/capable/


S 5.3.
   R-OTHER-SIGNALING:
         A solution SHOULD be able to negotiate keys for SRTP sessions
         created via different call signaling protocols (e.g., between
         Jabber, SIP, H.323, MGCP).

This is not discussed anywhere in the document. I wonder if it makes
sense to remove it.


Appendix A.
   Based on how the SRTP keys are exchanged, each SRTP key exchange
   mechanism belongs to one general category:



      signaling path:  All the keying is carried in the call signaling

Remove one blank line here.


S A.1.12.
It's a little weird to have the discussion of media path keying 
properties here before you describe the systems.


S A.1.12.2.
The issues you raise about middleboxes and clipping apply equally
to DTLS-SRTP and ZRTP, no?


S A.1.12.3.
Again, I would think to remove this section.


      DTLS-SRTP
         Keying: Yes, because with the assumed cipher suite,
         TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, each end indicates its SRTP key.

This statement is not correct. With all conventional TLS modes, neither
side completely controls either key.


S A.1.13.1.
The way you're using "public key cryptography" to mean "PKI" is not
the normal terminology. DH is PKC. I would use PKI to indicate
"certs are needed". So, for instance, SDP-DH and ZRTP definitely use
PKC.


         PFS is achieved if the negotiated cipher suite includes an
         exponential or discrete-logarithmic key exchange (e.g., Diffie-
         Hellman (DH_RSA from [RFC4346]) or Elliptic Curve Diffie-
         Hellman [RFC4492]).

I don't know what "exponential or discrete logarithmic key exchange"
means. After all, RSA involves exponentiation. Presumably you mean
"something with ephemeral keys". This currently means discrete log
over integer and elliptic curve fields, but could be RSA in principle.

S A.1.13.3.
It's probably important to indicate that it is desirable to have
the profile be RTP/SAVP when SRTP is used. That's a disadvantage
of media path probing, for instance. I don't think that comes
across clearly here.

S A.3.2.
   This document assumes DTLS will use TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA as
   its cipher suite, which is the mandatory-to-implement cipher suite in
   TLS [RFC4346].

I'm not sure what the relevance of this is. I guess RSA matters, but
since we negotiate a separate protection profile for SRTP, 3DES/SHA
isn't that relevant. Btw, TLS 1.2. will be AES.

Note also that DTLS-SRTP is compatible with RTP before the DTLS
handshake.




-Ekr












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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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I have more to say here (sorry), but one thing leaps out at me:

Dean Willis wrote:
>>> But when the identity assertion is coming from a PSTN caller ID, it's
>>> significantly less authoritative statement: "I, the identity service
>>> at example.com, think that this request came from +12142821376 because
>>> this is the calling party identifier presented to my telephony
>>> interface."
>>
>> Why is this limited to just the PSTN? Given your average megacorp or
>> telephant,
>> the possibility for spoofing of the local part seems pretty significant
>> when you're
>> talking about bulk signers. Weakening the guarantees to "you can 
>> complain
>> to my SIP admins" is a lot easier to achieve in real life.
>
> Might be. But we've currently established the expectation that an 
> Identity header serves to authenticate the calling party for access to 
> confidential records like voice mail, access to conference calls, and 
> so on. We can certainly go back and write in some guidance about the 
> meaningfulness of the assertion, if that's what we choose to do.
>
Wait a minute: are we talking about cross-domain Identity being
used as credentials to access voice mail in another domain? Because
if it's only within a given domain's administrative control, it can know
the name space layout through out of band means. That is, it can know
if the names that it generates to gateway e.164 addresses are bogus
addresses to get at voice  mail, etc.

If it's the cross domain case, can you tell me the use case?

        Mike
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 9:01 PM, Michael Thomas wrote:
> I have more to say here (sorry), but one thing leaps out at me:
>
> Dean Willis wrote:
>>>> But when the identity assertion is coming from a PSTN caller ID,  
>>>> it's
>>>> significantly less authoritative statement: "I, the identity  
>>>> service
>>>> at example.com, think that this request came from +12142821376  
>>>> because
>>>> this is the calling party identifier presented to my telephony
>>>> interface."
>>>
>>> Why is this limited to just the PSTN? Given your average megacorp or
>>> telephant,
>>> the possibility for spoofing of the local part seems pretty  
>>> significant
>>> when you're
>>> talking about bulk signers. Weakening the guarantees to "you can  
>>> complain
>>> to my SIP admins" is a lot easier to achieve in real life.
>>
>> Might be. But we've currently established the expectation that an  
>> Identity header serves to authenticate the calling party for access  
>> to confidential records like voice mail, access to conference  
>> calls, and so on. We can certainly go back and write in some  
>> guidance about the meaningfulness of the assertion, if that's what  
>> we choose to do.
>>
> Wait a minute: are we talking about cross-domain Identity being
> used as credentials to access voice mail in another domain? Because
> if it's only within a given domain's administrative control, it can  
> know
> the name space layout through out of band means. That is, it can know
> if the names that it generates to gateway e.164 addresses are bogus
> addresses to get at voice  mail, etc.
>
> If it's the cross domain case, can you tell me the use case?
>

RFC 4474 is a cross-domain authenticator.

Use case:

sip:JoeBob@example.com calls his voice mail provider's message  
retrieval box, sip:messages.example.net

Since example.net trusts example.com's RFC 4474 assertions, the  
voicemail box at messages.example.net does not authenticate JoeBobs'  
request. Instead, it accepts on trust that example.com authenticated  
him, and plays out JoeBob's messages.

This is AFAIK a valid use case for RFC 4474.

Now, assume JoeBob is instead named "180055511212@example.com". All of  
the above works fine, until somebody calls into example.com's PSTN  
gateway from a spoofed Caller-ID of "18005551212" and asks said  
gateway to connect them to messages.example.net

Here example.net needs to t be able to tell the difference between a  
call that originated on the IP network from 18005551212 and was  
properly authenticated (making a strong RFC 4474 assertion), and a  
call that originated on the PSTN and therefore has a weak identity  
assertion requiring further authentication.

--
dean

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>
> Dude, go talk to your lawyer.
>
> I'm NOT talking about a foreign identity service that is the source of
> caller-ID fraud. I'm talking about an allegedly trustworthy identity
> service that is culpably negligent because it has allowed itself to
> become a conduit of identity fraud.
>
> If you're  a US business, and you sign a a request containing a
> telephone number, and it turns out you're wrong (not because you're
> doing it on purpose, but because you are incompetent) and I get taken
> in by a scammer as a result of your mistake, I can sue you for all the
> damages I receive. I might even win, and at the very least, I'm going
> to cost you a big chunk of money.

Yes, and you mistook my premise I think - I was not arguing about that for a US firm (heck, in the US you could sue even without a signature ;) - I was arguing about it for a foreign one.  Whether a US-based identity issuer (e.g., Verisign) has that liability for certs it gives out to foreign entities I don't know, IANAL, and isn't germane to my argument (I think).


> But if you signed the request with a stipulation that you passed the
> request on, but that the identity came from the PSTN and is not
> something you have verified (and these things are true), then you are
> NOT liable, because there is no genenral expectation that PSTN caller
> ID is absolutely correct.

Then everyone would set this source=unverified param, even those that have very reasonable expectation of it being legit, and we wouldn't get the semantic difference we're looking for.


> Given this, and in the absence a mechanism for making a disclaimer,
> you WOULD have to be a fool to slap an identity header on something
> that you didn't authenticate.

Then I think anyone would have to be a fool to slap an identity header on anything, including things they authenticated.  SIP's trust model simply isn't HTTP's, even with SIPS and TLS and all.  It isn't even really the same as email's, though certainly closer.

-hadriel
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Dan Wing writes:

 > On an outgoing request containing an e164-style URI in the From:
 > (or PAI, as you prefer), the domain additionally places the user's 
 > email-style URI into a new header (let's call it "email-identity").
 > It determines the mapping between a user's E.164 URI and email URI
 > using a flat database (example: +14085551234 -> dwing@cisco.com).

my proxy is currently is using P-Preferred-Identity header for that
purpose.  why is a new header needed?

-- juha
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To: Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com>, "sip@ietf.org" <sip@ietf.org>
Date: Sat, 5 Apr 2008 12:05:28 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dan
> Wing
>
> Here is a straw-man idea:
>
> On an outgoing request containing an e164-style URI in the From:
> (or PAI, as you prefer), the domain additionally places the user's
> email-style URI into a new header (let's call it "email-identity").
> It determines the mapping between a user's E.164 URI and email URI
> using a flat database (example: +14085551234 -> dwing@cisco.com).

Interesting proposal.

> This new header is signed along with everything else we like to
> sign [choose RFC4474, draft-fischer-sip-e2e-sec-media-00.txt, or
> draft-wing-sip-identity-media-02.txt, as you prefer].

You wouldn't be able to use 4474 as is, because it has no way to sign a new header, afaik. (though I'm all for a 4474bis ;)
I know this is only a straw-man and too soon to get into the details, but I can't help myself, so I wonder why you wouldn't just put this email-style URI *inside* the From-URI as an escaped uri or user param.  That way it avoids a new header and gets signed by 4474 as is, and really what you're saying is it is an alias property of the From-URI.


> This provides a backwards-compatible way to migrate to email-style
> URIs, and gives us strong identity with those email-style URIs.

And lets the UAS offer its user the ability to add both the e164 and email-forms into its contact address book.  I'm not sure if that's good or bad, but it's a nice feature.

-hadriel
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Date: Sat, 5 Apr 2008 12:24:39 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] Preventing unanticipated respondent syndrome when
	retargeting
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 6:35 PM
>
> On Apr 4, 2008, at 3:59 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >
> > You won't know that for the 121 either - if someone has the callid/
> > via/from-tag/etc. necessary to send you a fake matching response, a
> > 121 will not be hard for them to send.  Obviously if a 121 could be
> > signed by Bob's proxy, saying "I'm sending this to Charlie", that
> > would be interesting maybe.  But you could instead just have Bob's
> > proxy put something in the Invite it forwards to Charlie which
> > Charlie copies in his response, to tell you he's legit to have
> > gotten it. (and that mechanism at the same time could help avoid the
> > rfc4474 baiting attack problem)
>
> Well, that's why I want identity-signed responses.

Signing the response won't avoid baiting.  Baiting is an attack on the called party, not the calling.  The issue is Charlie or his verifier doesn't know if he should be receiving the request, since the signed To-URI is Bob's.

In an early un-published form of the baiting draft I proposed a possible solution whereby Bob's proxy would in fact sign some new "re-target" header that effectively says "Charlie, Bob's domain is sending this to you".  The original 4474 identity would be left as is, and none of the headers it signs would be changed so that it's verifiable, and the additional re-target identity also signs some of the same headers (minus call-id/cseq/contact) plus the new re-target header. (you can think of it as signing Christer's Target header)  I removed that because I thought the solution was hokey and a troubleshooting/performance nightmare and highly unlikely to ever be deployed, and instead that Charlie could just decide who he wanted to answer calls re-targeted from, even without 4474.

But if you do something like that, then that target signature could actually be copied into the 18x/2xx responses, and the UAC can verify them to see that Bob's domain explicitly allowed Charlie to get the request.

But I'm not personally convinced that this is a problem which needs to be solved, given the overhead of the solution.

-hadriel
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Date: Sat, 5 Apr 2008 12:35:43 -0400
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 6:35 PM
>
> On Apr 4, 2008, at 3:59 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >
> > I believe, from my google searching of the mail archives a while
> > ago, that the main argument for not signing the responses was not to
> > do with digest auth of the responder - it was because of the
> > retarget scenario, where a retargeted-to domain could not possibly
> > sign the response unless we allowed the To-URI to be changed in
> > responses, which people were not wont to do due to 2543 dialog
> > matching rules. At least that was my google impression. :)
>
> right -- so we use a previous provisional response from a node on the
> "expected path" to solve the unanticipated response problem resulting
> from the retarget!

It won't help.  If we're stuck with 2543-type dialog matching rules, then the 121 AND the 18x/2xx can't change them, even if the 121 was sent saying "prepare for changing", since 121 would be treated by legacy nodes as a 1xx.  IF you're suggesting the 121 and subsequent responses use a new header for the re-targeted-to URI, then that solution could have been done to begin with instead of 4916 sending an UPDATE (and indeed I don't know why it wasn't, but I presume there was some valid reason).

Whether we *are* stuck with 2543-type dialog matching or not is a different topic, and my guess is its subject title would be "Here there be dragons". :)

-hadriel
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Juha Heinanen [mailto:jh@tutpro.com] 
> Sent: Saturday, April 05, 2008 7:48 AM
> To: Dan Wing
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; 'Elwell, John'
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
> 
> Dan Wing writes:
> 
>  > On an outgoing request containing an e164-style URI in the From:
>  > (or PAI, as you prefer), the domain additionally places the user's 
>  > email-style URI into a new header (let's call it "email-identity").
>  > It determines the mapping between a user's E.164 URI and email URI
>  > using a flat database (example: +14085551234 -> dwing@cisco.com).
> 
> my proxy is currently is using P-Preferred-Identity header for that
> purpose.  why is a new header needed?

The header, containing the email-style URI, needs to be signed.

I do not care if it is a new header or not, but I see value in not
overloading a header with an already-defined semantic (such as
P-Preferred-Identity).  But this is a detail.

-d

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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On Apr 4, 2008, at 11:15 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> ...
>> If you're  a US business, and you sign a a request containing a
>> telephone number, and it turns out you're wrong (not because you're
>> doing it on purpose, but because you are incompetent) and I get taken
>> in by a scammer as a result of your mistake, I can sue you for all  
>> the
>> damages I receive. I might even win, and at the very least, I'm going
>> to cost you a big chunk of money.
>
> Yes, and you mistook my premise I think - I was not arguing about  
> that for a US firm (heck, in the US you could sue even without a  
> signature ;) - I was arguing about it for a foreign one.  Whether a  
> US-based identity issuer (e.g., Verisign) has that liability for  
> certs it gives out to foreign entities I don't know, IANAL, and  
> isn't germane to my argument (I think).
>

Ok, I'll buy that.


>
>> But if you signed the request with a stipulation that you passed the
>> request on, but that the identity came from the PSTN and is not
>> something you have verified (and these things are true), then you are
>> NOT liable, because there is no genenral expectation that PSTN caller
>> ID is absolutely correct.
>
> Then everyone would set this source=unverified param, even those  
> that have very reasonable expectation of it being legit, and we  
> wouldn't get the semantic difference we're looking for.

The legal premise is "best current practice" -- you can't be  
absolutely sure in any case, but if you're such a doofus that you do a  
full RFC 4474 signature on something that we all agree can't be  
verified, then you may need to get slapped awake.

Unfortunately, the way RFC 4474 and DTLS Framework currently interact  
means that NOT using RFC 4474 on PSTN-sourced calls makes you almost  
as much of a doofus.

So we either change need to change RFC 4474 (by making a signature  
"mean less" OR by allowing one to make a disclaimer on the signature),  
or we change DTLS-SRTP framework to make it nod depend on RFC 4474 for  
end-to-end communication of the signature. We do have two drafts  
(Wing, Fischer) that would accomplish this.
>
>> Given this, and in the absence a mechanism for making a disclaimer,
>> you WOULD have to be a fool to slap an identity header on something
>> that you didn't authenticate.
>
> Then I think anyone would have to be a fool to slap an identity  
> header on anything, including things they authenticated.  SIP's  
> trust model simply isn't HTTP's, even with SIPS and TLS and all.  It  
> isn't even really the same as email's, though certainly closer.

Appropriate legal caution is required in all commercial practices. But  
blatant disregard for common sense will usually get you in trouble.

--
Dean


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On Apr 5, 2008, at 11:35 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 6:35 PM
>>
>> On Apr 4, 2008, at 3:59 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>>
>>> I believe, from my google searching of the mail archives a while
>>> ago, that the main argument for not signing the responses was not to
>>> do with digest auth of the responder - it was because of the
>>> retarget scenario, where a retargeted-to domain could not possibly
>>> sign the response unless we allowed the To-URI to be changed in
>>> responses, which people were not wont to do due to 2543 dialog
>>> matching rules. At least that was my google impression. :)
>>
>> right -- so we use a previous provisional response from a node on the
>> "expected path" to solve the unanticipated response problem resulting
>> from the retarget!
>
> It won't help.  If we're stuck with 2543-type dialog matching rules,  
> then the 121 AND the 18x/2xx can't change them, even if the 121 was  
> sent saying "prepare for changing", since 121 would be treated by  
> legacy nodes as a 1xx.  IF you're suggesting the 121 and subsequent  
> responses use a new header for the re-targeted-to URI, then that  
> solution could have been done to begin with instead of 4916 sending  
> an UPDATE (and indeed I don't know why it wasn't, but I presume  
> there was some valid reason).
>
> Whether we *are* stuck with 2543-type dialog matching or not is a  
> different topic, and my guess is its subject title would be "Here  
> there be dragons". :)


Alice calls Bob, gets a provisional response from Bob's proxy saying  
the call has been forwarded to Charlie.

The prov response lets Alice know to expect something about about the  
response -- specifically, that it is going to be coming from someone  
who is not the target.

So if the response from Charlie says "Yeah, I'm Bob, signed by  
Charlie", then Alice would understand that despite the "From" being  
Bob, that she's really talking to Charlie.

--
Dean
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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On Apr 5, 2008, at 12:08 PM, Dean Willis wrote too quickly:
>
> So we either change need to change RFC 4474 (by making a signature
> "mean less" OR by allowing one to make a disclaimer on the signature),
> or we change DTLS-SRTP framework to make it nod depend on RFC 4474 for
> end-to-end communication of the signature. We do have two drafts
> (Wing, Fischer) that would accomplish this.

Sorry, I wrote too quickly and left out a bridge-construct, making the  
above more confusing than my usual rambling. And I misphrased a word  
or two. Sorry.

Let's retry:

So we either change need to change RFC 4474 (by making a signature   
"mean less" OR by allowing one to make a disclaimer on the  
signature),  or we change DTLS-SRTP framework to make it not depend on  
RFC 4474 for  end-to-end protection of the fingerprint.

We also have the issue of detecting fingerprint changes midstream,  
meaning that we've had a MITM on the media (that has replaced the  
Identity header). We do have two drafts  (Wing, Fischer) that would  
accomplish this.

The consequence of the second para above, if I understand it  
correctly, is that DTLS-Framework is relying on the RFC 4474 Identity  
header to protect the integrity of the key fingerprint which is  
transmitted in the SDP.  If the Identity header is UA-signed, this is  
pretty much rock-solid. However, if it is signed by an intermediate  
node, then it is possible that the intermediate node has altered the  
SDP (and fingerprint), and that it may be colluding in interception of  
the media. And that's just the way RFC 4474 works, so anything that  
relies on it (like DTLS-SRTP framework) has this limitation.

The point is that there may be a possibility to fix all these flaws in  
one pass. I'm not sure what solution would do this, but I have the  
feeling there's one out there that we just haven't quite identified yet.

The logic goes this way: DTLS-SRTP framework uses RFC 4474 for  
integrity protection of the fingerprint. By doing so it inherits  
weaknesses of RFC 4474. We have noted two of these as issues:

1) RFC 4474 cannot legitimately be used for calls originating on the  
PSTN and transiting a gateway to SIP because it lacks a way to inform  
the recipient that the From: field was not actually authenticated by  
the authentication service.  Otherwise said: as written, 4474 promises  
that the From: field was authenticated by the authentication service,  
and since in this case it wasn't authenticated, the service shouldn't  
be saying it was authenticated.

2) RFC 4474 headers may be subject to replacement by intermediates.  
While this might be required for certain uses of intermediates (such  
as SBCs that replace SDP because they're relaying it), it can also be  
used to insert an intermediary that intercepts the cleartext of the  
media (taps the call) without the consent of the endpoints.

We could work around by fixing these problems independently -- for  
example, by adding the From: disclaimer proposed by Adam and the  
assorted SBC-traversal and fingerprint preservation/verification  
techniques proposed by Dan, Kai, and probably others.

Or we could fix it by either fundamentally changing RFC 4474, or by  
providing a different fingerprint integrity mechanism for DTLS-SRTP  
framework and thereby breaking the dependency cycle.

--
Dean

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Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote: 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> > Behalf Of Dan Wing
> >
> > Here is a straw-man idea:
> >
> > On an outgoing request containing an e164-style URI in the From:
> > (or PAI, as you prefer), the domain additionally places the user's
> > email-style URI into a new header (let's call it "email-identity").
> > It determines the mapping between a user's E.164 URI and email URI
> > using a flat database (example: +14085551234 -> dwing@cisco.com).
> 
> Interesting proposal.
> 
> > This new header is signed along with everything else we like to
> > sign [choose RFC4474, draft-fischer-sip-e2e-sec-media-00.txt, or
> > draft-wing-sip-identity-media-02.txt, as you prefer].
> 
> You wouldn't be able to use 4474 as is, because it has no way 
> to sign a new header, afaik.

Right, RFC4474 is not extensible.

> (though I'm all for a 4474bis ;)
> I know this is only a straw-man and too soon to get into the 
> details, but I can't help myself, so I wonder why you 
> wouldn't just put this email-style URI *inside* the From-URI 
> as an escaped uri or user param.  That way it avoids a new 
> header and gets signed by 4474 as is, and really what you're 
> saying is it is an alias property of the From-URI.

That would look something like:

  From: Dan Wing <sip:+14085551234@cisco.com;email-id=dwing@cisco.com>

and the originating domain (cisco.com) would provide strong identity 
over the entire URI, including the E.164 and the email-style portion
(dwing@cisco.com).

I wanted to avoid signing the E.164 in the From, because we have not 
yet resolved if we can do that in a meaningful way.

> > This provides a backwards-compatible way to migrate to email-style
> > URIs, and gives us strong identity with those email-style URIs.
> 
> And lets the UAS offer its user the ability to add both the 
> e164 and email-forms into its contact address book.  I'm not 
> sure if that's good or bad, but it's a nice feature.

Right, but that could also be another attack vector if the
E.164 is unsigned or only trustable hop-by-hop.

-d

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Date: Sat, 05 Apr 2008 19:34:32 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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	Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>, Rohan Mahy <rohan@ekabal.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Francois Audet
> Sent: 05 April 2008 00:38
> To: Elwell, John; IETF SIP List; Cullen Jennings; Rohan Mahy
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Review of sip-outbound-13
> 
> Thank you John.
> 
> I am OK with your edits 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 11.
> 
> I don't understand your point about 3.
[JRE] It says that there is a case where a UA might not want to use the
sip.instance media feature tag, yet that tag is essential for outbound.
Is it saying that in such a case the UA should not use sip-outbound?

> 
> For 7, it should say "A configuration option indicating...".
[JRE] OK, on re-reading it I understand it better, since it is referring
to the "explicit indication" in the previous paragraph. However, I think
your proposed wording change would be be an improvement.

> 
> For 9, I'll have to defer to Rohan and Cullen because I find it
> confusing too.
[JRE]Yes, and that is why I wasn't able to propose new words.

> 
> For 10, I believe that it would work if an upstream evil B2BUA does
> topology hiding since the proxy uses the Via in the Request 
> and not the 
> Path in the response.
[JRE] What I meant was, if a proxy receives a REGISTER request with only
a single element in the Via header field, how does it know whether the
request came from a UA or from a topology-hiding B2BUA? This is probably
an unlikely situation for a REGISTER request (UA -> B2BUA -> proxy), but
can we rule it out?

John

> 
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> > Behalf Of Elwell, John
> > Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 07:01
> > To: IETF SIP List
> > Subject: [Sip] Review of sip-outbound-13
> > 
> > I think this is ready to go if the following minor comments are
> > addressed:
> > 
> > 1. "This
> >    specification also defines multiple keep alive schemes."
> > Change "multiple" to "two".
> > 
> > 2. "A Flow is a network protocol layer (layer 4) association"
> > Change "network" to "transport".
> > 
> > 3. "One case where a UA may not want to include
> >    the sip.instance media feature tag at all is when it is making an
> >    anonymous request or some other privacy concern requires 
> > that the UA
> >    not reveal its identity."
> > There is no statement about what should be done in this case.
> > 
> > 4. "These registration requests include a distinct reg-id 
> parameter in
> >    the Contact header field."
> > I think some normative language is needed here. Perhaps change to:
> > "For registration requests in accordance with outbound 
> > behaviour, the UA MUST include a distinct reg-id parameter in 
> > the Contact header field."
> > 
> > 5. "the target first
> >    hop SIP note"
> > Change "note" to "node".
> > 
> > 6. "as this is already allowed by
> >    [RFC3261].  Section 7.5, however a UA that did not register using
> >    outbound registration"
> > I think this should say
> > "as this is already allowed by
> >    [RFC3261] section 7.5. However, a UA that did not register using
> >    outbound registration"
> > 
> > 7. "Configuration indicating keepalive support for a specific 
> > target is
> >    considered an explicit indication.  If these conditions are
> >    satisfied, the UA sends its keepalives according to the same
> >    guidelines described in the rest of this section as UAs which
> >    register."
> > I don't understand the meaning of the first sentence. Is it 
> > trying to say that configuration is an alternative way of 
> > determining support for keepalive?
> > 
> > 8. "For devices where power is
> >    not a significant concern, the UA SHOULD select a random number
> >    between 95 and 120 seconds between keepalives.  When 
> > battery power is
> >    a concern, the UA SHOULD select a random number between 
> 672 and 840
> >    seconds (14 minutes).  These times MAY be configurable."
> > The last sentence seems to undermine the previous SHOULD 
> > strength statements. Also, what exactly can be configurable - 
> > just the upper and lower bounds? I don't think, for example, 
> > we are proposing to allow somebody to configure say 180 
> > seconds as both upper and lower bounds (not a range, no 
> > randomisation). So I think it is the bounds that can be 
> > configurable, and even then the 20% difference must be maintained.
> > Perhaps it should say something like:
> > "The UA MUST select a random number between a fixed or 
> > configurable upper bound and a lower bound, where the lower 
> > bound is 20% less then the upper bound. The fixed upper bound 
> > or the default configurable upper bound SHOULD be 120 seconds 
> > (95 seconds lower bound) where battery power is not a concern 
> > and 840 seconds (672 seconds lower bound) where battery power 
> > is a concern."
> > 
> > 9. "The delay time is computed by selecting a uniform random 
> > time between
> >    50 and 100 percent of the wait time.  The UA MUST wait for 
> > the value
> >    of the delay time before trying another registration to 
> form a new
> >    flow for that URI."
> > I find this a little confusing. The several paragraphs before 
> > that have all talked about wait time, or time to wait, which 
> > suggests that that is how long you wait before trying 
> > registration again. Then we suddenly have this "delay time" 
> > introduced, and it says that "UA MUST wait for the value of 
> > the delay time before trying another registration". It might 
> > be better to introduce the concept of delay time and wait 
> > time up front. Furthermore, it is not clear whether the delay 
> > time (between 50 and 100 percent of the wait time) starts 
> > when the wait time starts or when the wait time finishes. I 
> > think the examples given in the succeeding paragraph suggest 
> > it is the former interpretation. In any case, it needs to be 
> > clarified.
> > 
> > 10. "The Edge Proxy can determine
> >    if it is the first hop by examining the Via header field."
> > Does this still work in the case of topology hiding by an 
> > upstream entity?
> > 
> > 11. "When a '+sip.instance' media feature parameter is present in a
> >    Contact header field of a REGISTER request (after the 
> > Contact header
> >    validation as described above), the corresponding binding 
> > is between
> >    an AOR and the combination of the instance-id (from the 
> > +sip.instance
> >    media feature parameter) and the value of reg-id 
> parameter if it is
> >    present."
> > I think the normative statements that follow are only 
> > concerned with the case where reg-id is present, so I think 
> > it should be changed to:
> > "When a '+sip.instance' media feature parameter and a reg-id 
> > parameter are present in a
> >    Contact header field of a REGISTER request (after the 
> > Contact header
> >    validation as described above), the corresponding binding 
> > is between
> >    an AOR and the combination of the instance-id (from the 
> > +sip.instance
> >    media feature parameter) and the value of reg-id parameter."
> > 
> > John
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip 
> > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> _______________________________________________
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> 
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Apr  5 11:40:28 2008
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Date: Sat, 05 Apr 2008 19:40:07 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
In-reply-to: <16d201c8973e$a3456620$c5f0200a@cisco.com>
To: Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com>, Juha Heinanen <jh@tutpro.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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Also PPI is not end-to-end - it is intended only to go as far as the
first proxy, where it is moved to PAI or discarded.

John 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com] 
> Sent: 05 April 2008 18:01
> To: 'Juha Heinanen'
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Elwell, John
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
> 
> 
>  
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Juha Heinanen [mailto:jh@tutpro.com] 
> > Sent: Saturday, April 05, 2008 7:48 AM
> > To: Dan Wing
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; 'Elwell, John'
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
> > 
> > Dan Wing writes:
> > 
> >  > On an outgoing request containing an e164-style URI in the From:
> >  > (or PAI, as you prefer), the domain additionally places 
> the user's 
> >  > email-style URI into a new header (let's call it 
> "email-identity").
> >  > It determines the mapping between a user's E.164 URI and 
> email URI
> >  > using a flat database (example: +14085551234 -> dwing@cisco.com).
> > 
> > my proxy is currently is using P-Preferred-Identity header for that
> > purpose.  why is a new header needed?
> 
> The header, containing the email-style URI, needs to be signed.
> 
> I do not care if it is a new header or not, but I see value in not
> overloading a header with an already-defined semantic (such as
> P-Preferred-Identity).  But this is a detail.
> 
> -d
> 
> 
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Apr  5 11:43:54 2008
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Date: Sat, 05 Apr 2008 19:43:58 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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I too think the straw man from Dan is an interesting idea. The
alternative that I think Hadriel is suggesting (email style as a
parameter of the E.164-based SIP URI) would probably not survive any
changes of the E.164-based URI by intermediaries -part of the problem
with E.164-based URIs in practice.

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com] 
> Sent: 05 April 2008 19:03
> To: 'Hadriel Kaplan'; sip@ietf.org
> Cc: Elwell, John
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
> 
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote: 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> > > Behalf Of Dan Wing
> > >
> > > Here is a straw-man idea:
> > >
> > > On an outgoing request containing an e164-style URI in the From:
> > > (or PAI, as you prefer), the domain additionally places the user's
> > > email-style URI into a new header (let's call it 
> "email-identity").
> > > It determines the mapping between a user's E.164 URI and email URI
> > > using a flat database (example: +14085551234 -> dwing@cisco.com).
> > 
> > Interesting proposal.
> > 
> > > This new header is signed along with everything else we like to
> > > sign [choose RFC4474, draft-fischer-sip-e2e-sec-media-00.txt, or
> > > draft-wing-sip-identity-media-02.txt, as you prefer].
> > 
> > You wouldn't be able to use 4474 as is, because it has no way 
> > to sign a new header, afaik.
> 
> Right, RFC4474 is not extensible.
> 
> > (though I'm all for a 4474bis ;)
> > I know this is only a straw-man and too soon to get into the 
> > details, but I can't help myself, so I wonder why you 
> > wouldn't just put this email-style URI *inside* the From-URI 
> > as an escaped uri or user param.  That way it avoids a new 
> > header and gets signed by 4474 as is, and really what you're 
> > saying is it is an alias property of the From-URI.
> 
> That would look something like:
> 
>   From: Dan Wing <sip:+14085551234@cisco.com;email-id=dwing@cisco.com>
> 
> and the originating domain (cisco.com) would provide strong identity 
> over the entire URI, including the E.164 and the email-style portion
> (dwing@cisco.com).
> 
> I wanted to avoid signing the E.164 in the From, because we have not 
> yet resolved if we can do that in a meaningful way.
> 
> > > This provides a backwards-compatible way to migrate to email-style
> > > URIs, and gives us strong identity with those email-style URIs.
> > 
> > And lets the UAS offer its user the ability to add both the 
> > e164 and email-forms into its contact address book.  I'm not 
> > sure if that's good or bad, but it's a nice feature.
> 
> Right, but that could also be another attack vector if the
> E.164 is unsigned or only trustable hop-by-hop.
> 
> -d
> 
> 
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From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Dean,

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Dean Willis
> Sent: 05 April 2008 18:57
> To: sip@ietf.org List
> Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
> 
> 
> On Apr 5, 2008, at 12:08 PM, Dean Willis wrote too quickly:
> >
> > So we either change need to change RFC 4474 (by making a signature
> > "mean less" OR by allowing one to make a disclaimer on the 
> signature),
> > or we change DTLS-SRTP framework to make it nod depend on 
> RFC 4474 for
> > end-to-end communication of the signature. We do have two drafts
> > (Wing, Fischer) that would accomplish this.
> 
> Sorry, I wrote too quickly and left out a bridge-construct, 
> making the  
> above more confusing than my usual rambling. And I misphrased a word  
> or two. Sorry.
> 
> Let's retry:
> 
> So we either change need to change RFC 4474 (by making a signature   
> "mean less" OR by allowing one to make a disclaimer on the  
> signature),  or we change DTLS-SRTP framework to make it not 
> depend on  
> RFC 4474 for  end-to-end protection of the fingerprint.
> 
> We also have the issue of detecting fingerprint changes midstream,  
> meaning that we've had a MITM on the media (that has replaced the  
> Identity header). We do have two drafts  (Wing, Fischer) that would  
> accomplish this.
> 
> The consequence of the second para above, if I understand it  
> correctly, is that DTLS-Framework is relying on the RFC 4474 
> Identity  
> header to protect the integrity of the key fingerprint which is  
> transmitted in the SDP.  If the Identity header is UA-signed, 
> this is  
> pretty much rock-solid. However, if it is signed by an intermediate  
> node, then it is possible that the intermediate node has altered the  
> SDP (and fingerprint), and that it may be colluding in 
> interception of  
> the media. And that's just the way RFC 4474 works, so anything that  
> relies on it (like DTLS-SRTP framework) has this limitation.
> 
> The point is that there may be a possibility to fix all these 
> flaws in  
> one pass. I'm not sure what solution would do this, but I have the  
> feeling there's one out there that we just haven't quite 
> identified yet.
> 
> The logic goes this way: DTLS-SRTP framework uses RFC 4474 for  
> integrity protection of the fingerprint. By doing so it inherits  
> weaknesses of RFC 4474. We have noted two of these as issues:
> 
> 1) RFC 4474 cannot legitimately be used for calls originating on the  
> PSTN and transiting a gateway to SIP because it lacks a way 
> to inform  
> the recipient that the From: field was not actually authenticated by  
> the authentication service.  Otherwise said: as written, 4474 
> promises  
> that the From: field was authenticated by the authentication 
> service,  
> and since in this case it wasn't authenticated, the service 
> shouldn't  
> be saying it was authenticated.
> 
> 2) RFC 4474 headers may be subject to replacement by intermediates.  
> While this might be required for certain uses of intermediates (such  
> as SBCs that replace SDP because they're relaying it), it can 
> also be  
> used to insert an intermediary that intercepts the cleartext of the  
> media (taps the call) without the consent of the endpoints.
> 
> We could work around by fixing these problems independently -- for  
> example, by adding the From: disclaimer proposed by Adam and the  
> assorted SBC-traversal and fingerprint preservation/verification  
> techniques proposed by Dan, Kai, and probably others.
> 
> Or we could fix it by either fundamentally changing RFC 4474, or by  
> providing a different fingerprint integrity mechanism for DTLS-SRTP  
> framework and thereby breaking the dependency cycle.
[JRE] But isn't this effectively what the Wing and Fischer drafts are
doing, i.e., providing a different fingerprint integrity mechanism? They
would probably still need something like a PSTN disclaimer solution too.

John
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Session Initiation Protocol Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : Certificate Management Service for The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
	Author(s)       : C. Jennings, J. Fischl
	Filename        : draft-ietf-sip-certs-06.txt
	Pages           : 30
	Date            : 2008-04-05

This draft defines a Credential Service that allows Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) User Agents (UAs) to use a SIP event
package to discover the certificates of other users.  This mechanism
allows user agents that want to contact a given Address-of-Record
(AOR) to retrieve that AOR's certificate by subscribing to the
Credential Service, which returns an authenticated response
containing that certificate.  The Credential Service also allows
users to store and retrieve their own certificates and private keys.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-certs-06.txt

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Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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I too think that the idea is interesting - modulo all the loose ends.

	Paul

Elwell, John wrote:
> I too think the straw man from Dan is an interesting idea. The
> alternative that I think Hadriel is suggesting (email style as a
> parameter of the E.164-based SIP URI) would probably not survive any
> changes of the E.164-based URI by intermediaries -part of the problem
> with E.164-based URIs in practice.
> 
> John
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com] 
>> Sent: 05 April 2008 19:03
>> To: 'Hadriel Kaplan'; sip@ietf.org
>> Cc: Elwell, John
>> Subject: RE: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
>>
>> Hadriel Kaplan wrote: 
>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
>>>> Behalf Of Dan Wing
>>>>
>>>> Here is a straw-man idea:
>>>>
>>>> On an outgoing request containing an e164-style URI in the From:
>>>> (or PAI, as you prefer), the domain additionally places the user's
>>>> email-style URI into a new header (let's call it 
>> "email-identity").
>>>> It determines the mapping between a user's E.164 URI and email URI
>>>> using a flat database (example: +14085551234 -> dwing@cisco.com).
>>> Interesting proposal.
>>>
>>>> This new header is signed along with everything else we like to
>>>> sign [choose RFC4474, draft-fischer-sip-e2e-sec-media-00.txt, or
>>>> draft-wing-sip-identity-media-02.txt, as you prefer].
>>> You wouldn't be able to use 4474 as is, because it has no way 
>>> to sign a new header, afaik.
>> Right, RFC4474 is not extensible.
>>
>>> (though I'm all for a 4474bis ;)
>>> I know this is only a straw-man and too soon to get into the 
>>> details, but I can't help myself, so I wonder why you 
>>> wouldn't just put this email-style URI *inside* the From-URI 
>>> as an escaped uri or user param.  That way it avoids a new 
>>> header and gets signed by 4474 as is, and really what you're 
>>> saying is it is an alias property of the From-URI.
>> That would look something like:
>>
>>   From: Dan Wing <sip:+14085551234@cisco.com;email-id=dwing@cisco.com>
>>
>> and the originating domain (cisco.com) would provide strong identity 
>> over the entire URI, including the E.164 and the email-style portion
>> (dwing@cisco.com).
>>
>> I wanted to avoid signing the E.164 in the From, because we have not 
>> yet resolved if we can do that in a meaningful way.
>>
>>>> This provides a backwards-compatible way to migrate to email-style
>>>> URIs, and gives us strong identity with those email-style URIs.
>>> And lets the UAS offer its user the ability to add both the 
>>> e164 and email-forms into its contact address book.  I'm not 
>>> sure if that's good or bad, but it's a nice feature.
>> Right, but that could also be another attack vector if the
>> E.164 is unsigned or only trustable hop-by-hop.
>>
>> -d
>>
>>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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On Apr 5, 2008, at 2:23 PM, Elwell, John wrote:
>>
>> On Apr 5, 2008, at 12:08 PM, Dean Willis posited:
>>>
>> Or we could fix it by either fundamentally changing RFC 4474, or by
>> providing a different fingerprint integrity mechanism for DTLS-SRTP
>> framework and thereby breaking the dependency cycle.
> [JRE] But isn't this effectively what the Wing and Fischer drafts are
> doing, i.e., providing a different fingerprint integrity mechanism?  
> They
> would probably still need something like a PSTN disclaimer solution  
> too.

It's a different thing to assert "this media goes with this  
INVITE" (when you sent both) than it is to assert "The identity we  
have authenticated as the source of this call is +19725199190" (when  
you don't really know).

The gateway service provider sending the INVITE is certainly  
responsible for the INVITE, so if they want to cryptographically  
assert that the RTP they're also responsible for is related to that  
INVITE, then I don't see that as a liability. Of course if they get it  
wrong they might have a problem, but that's just a cost of doing  
business -- and it's a lot easier to make assertions about something  
you control (the INVITE and the RTP) than about something you don't  
(the Caller-ID information).

In other words, if you're not asserting something as true that you  
reasonably have cause to expect may not be true, then you probably  
have no negligence, at least not of that type I've been talking about.

Do we need a special disclaimer for populating a From header field  
with a phone number? As this is the Best Current Practice, and since  
we've gone to some pains in the industry to say that an  
unauthenticated From:  is pretty much meaningless (see all the 3GPP  
sample calls from AlienBlaster), my opinion is no, we wouldn't need a  
disclaimer.

As for what the drafts actually do (do either Wing or Fischer  
completely eliminate a dependency on RFC 4474?), I'll leave that to  
the working group to figure out. Although it sure looks to me like  
that's what they're trying to do. :-).

--
Dean

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From: "DRAGE, Keith \(Keith\)" <drage@alcatel-lucent.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and SBC traversal
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This thread was split out by John so it was a separate thread from the
E164 discussion.

RFC 4474 is a SIP document.

It is appropriate for the SIP WG to discuss perceived issues with a SIP
WG publication.

Regards

Keith 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Hannes Tschofenig
> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 10:24 AM
> To: Fischer, Kai
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Elwell, John
> Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and SBC traversal
> 
> Hi Kai,
> 
> >> This issue is totally independent from E.164
> >>     
> >
> > Not fully. SBCs may exchange the domain part of the E.164 SIP URI, 
> > which causes a break of the RFC 4474 signature. With 
> email-style URIs 
> > a simple exchange is not possible.
> >   
> This is true but this applies to SIP Identity in general and not to
> E.164 number usage with SIP Identity only.
> Hence, I would not tie it to this discussion.
> 
> >   
> >> I don't like the idea of requiring DTLS-SRTP to provide proof of 
> >> possession of the keying material.
> >>     
> >
> > It is also the other way round. If you use DTLS-SRTP to 
> encrypt RTP, 
> > the terminating domain is interested where the call originates from 
> > and in which domain the SRTP connection is terminated. DTLS-SRTP is 
> > not initially used as mean to establish an identity rather 
> than as the 
> > initial aim to encrypt RTP.
> >   
> 
> I understand the need to know who the end points are. 
> However, tying DTLS-SRTP is not a good idea since it
> a) increases the liklihood that SIP identity never get's 
> deployed (since it is suddently far more complex than before)
> b) SIP identity is used also as a identity mechanism in areas 
> where no media is exchanged.
> 
> Ciao
> Hannes
> 
> > Kai
> >
> >   
> >> Ciao
> >> Hannes
> >>
> >>
> >> Elwell, John wrote:
> >>     
> >>> SBCs do exist, often for good reasons that Hadriel has 
> expanded on 
> >>> already. I firmly believe that DTLS-SRTP will not be 
> deployable in a 
> >>> meaningful way without addressing this problem. Concerning
> >>>       
> >> solutions, we
> >>     
> >>> have drafts from Kai and Dan, or perhaps a merger of the 
> two somehow 
> >>> would work. It also depends to some extent whether we are
> >>>       
> >> talking only
> >>     
> >>> about email-style URIs or about E.164-based URIs too.
> >>>
> >>> John
> >>> _______________________________________________
> >>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> >>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> >>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> >>> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> >>>   
> >>>       
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> >> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
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> >> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> >>
> >>     
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Elwell, John [mailto:john.elwell@siemens.com]
>
> I too think the straw man from Dan is an interesting idea. The
> alternative that I think Hadriel is suggesting (email style as a
> parameter of the E.164-based SIP URI) would probably not survive any
> changes of the E.164-based URI by intermediaries -part of the problem
> with E.164-based URIs in practice.

I don't disagree with that, obviously, but 4474 breaks in such a case anyway.  In other words, I thought he was proposing both the e164 and email-style get signed, but maybe I misunderstood.  Regardless, I (maybe naively) hope the changing of From-URI E.164's is a temporary situation, for anyone except those doing end-end relationship-hiding, for whom none of this will apply anyway.

-hadriel
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> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Elwell, John [mailto:john.elwell@siemens.com]
> >
> > I too think the straw man from Dan is an interesting idea. The
> > alternative that I think Hadriel is suggesting (email style as a
> > parameter of the E.164-based SIP URI) would probably not survive any
> > changes of the E.164-based URI by intermediaries -part of 
> > the problem with E.164-based URIs in practice.
> 
> I don't disagree with that, obviously, but 4474 breaks in 
> such a case anyway.  In other words, I thought he was 
> proposing both the e164 and email-style get signed, but maybe 
> I misunderstood. 

The success and value of signing an E.164 is not changed by my 
proposal; signing the E.164 and solving the 'which domain can
sign for an E.164' is orthogonal to my proposal.  It is still
a useful problem to solve.  

But, with my proposal if you received a message that had
signed both:

  From: Dan Wing <sip:+14085551234@att.net;user=phone>
  email-id: Dan Wing <sip:dwing@cisco.com>

and the display on the receiving system could display either one,
you would probably have it display both.  After all, it is hard to 
know which one will have more meaning or value to the called 
party.  Certainly, the signature generated by the originating
domain (cisco.com) has superior security properties compared 
to the signature generated by an intermediary (att.net).

> Regardless, I (maybe naively) hope the 
> changing of From-URI E.164's is a temporary situation, for 
> anyone except those doing end-end relationship-hiding, for 
> whom none of this will apply anyway.

-d

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Date: Sun, 6 Apr 2008 10:40:53 -0700
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Review of sip-outbound-13
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Hi John,

Thanks for your detailed comments. I have a few specifics inline.

On Apr 5, 2008, at 11:34 AM, Elwell, John wrote:
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
>> Behalf Of Francois Audet
>> Sent: 05 April 2008 00:38
>> To: Elwell, John; IETF SIP List; Cullen Jennings; Rohan Mahy
>> Subject: Re: [Sip] Review of sip-outbound-13
>>
>> Thank you John.
>>
>> I am OK with your edits 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 11.
>>
>> I don't understand your point about 3.
> [JRE] It says that there is a case where a UA might not want to use  
> the
> sip.instance media feature tag, yet that tag is essential for  
> outbound.
> Is it saying that in such a case the UA should not use sip-outbound?
The text is explaining under what circumstances a UA would decide not  
to include +sip.instance in (any kind of) request.  Outbound  
registration requests certainly will not work if the UA leaves this  
parameter out.   I believe some of this is discussed in GRUU, but a  
complete discussion of this topic is certainly out of scope of the  
outbound spec.

[snip]
>> For 9, I'll have to defer to Rohan and Cullen because I find it
>> confusing too.
> [JRE]Yes, and that is why I wasn't able to propose new words.

We provided SHOULD level recommendations for the timers in this  
section.  If the UA has a good reason to do something else it MAY.   
The timers, the random spacing or lack thereof, even the backoff  
algorithm, they all could be configurable.  This is all we can say  
and all we should say on the matter.  I don't want to clutter up the  
text with a lot of text explaining things that UAs could do that we  
don't recommend.

I am certainly open to reading new proposed text, but I think the  
current text tells implementors what they should do pretty clearly.

>> For 10, I believe that it would work if an upstream evil B2BUA does
>> topology hiding since the proxy uses the Via in the Request
>> and not the
>> Path in the response.
> [JRE] What I meant was, if a proxy receives a REGISTER request with  
> only
> a single element in the Via header field, how does it know whether the
> request came from a UA or from a topology-hiding B2BUA? This is  
> probably
> an unlikely situation for a REGISTER request (UA -> B2BUA ->  
> proxy), but
> can we rule it out?

A B2BUA has to behave as a legal UA.  The B2BUA will either advertise  
support for the outbound option-tag or not. If it does not support  
outbound, the registrar won't try an outbound-style registration and  
the original UAC will discover that from the response (no problem).  
If the B2BUA wants to support outbound, it will need to follow the  
spec. If the B2BUA wants to simulate an outbound-aware edge proxy,  
and also support topology hiding, it will need to insure that there  
are at least two Via headers in the request. It could easily do this  
by adding itself twice to the Via header field (possible, but not our  
problem).

Even if the B2BUA is truly broken and blindly copies option tags from  
the original UAC to the registrar (DON"T DO THIS KIDS!!!), it is  
unlikely that the B2BUA will know about and insert the 'ob' parameter  
in the first Path header.  The next hop will think the first edge  
proxy did not support outbound and carry on with non-outbound  
registration.

thanks,
-rohan


>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
>>> Behalf Of Elwell, John
>>> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 07:01
>>> To: IETF SIP List
>>> Subject: [Sip] Review of sip-outbound-13
>>>
>>> I think this is ready to go if the following minor comments are
>>> addressed:
>>>
>>> 1. "This
>>>    specification also defines multiple keep alive schemes."
>>> Change "multiple" to "two".
>>>
>>> 2. "A Flow is a network protocol layer (layer 4) association"
>>> Change "network" to "transport".
>>>
>>> 3. "One case where a UA may not want to include
>>>    the sip.instance media feature tag at all is when it is making an
>>>    anonymous request or some other privacy concern requires
>>> that the UA
>>>    not reveal its identity."
>>> There is no statement about what should be done in this case.
>>>
>>> 4. "These registration requests include a distinct reg-id
>> parameter in
>>>    the Contact header field."
>>> I think some normative language is needed here. Perhaps change to:
>>> "For registration requests in accordance with outbound
>>> behaviour, the UA MUST include a distinct reg-id parameter in
>>> the Contact header field."
>>>
>>> 5. "the target first
>>>    hop SIP note"
>>> Change "note" to "node".
>>>
>>> 6. "as this is already allowed by
>>>    [RFC3261].  Section 7.5, however a UA that did not register using
>>>    outbound registration"
>>> I think this should say
>>> "as this is already allowed by
>>>    [RFC3261] section 7.5. However, a UA that did not register using
>>>    outbound registration"
>>>
>>> 7. "Configuration indicating keepalive support for a specific
>>> target is
>>>    considered an explicit indication.  If these conditions are
>>>    satisfied, the UA sends its keepalives according to the same
>>>    guidelines described in the rest of this section as UAs which
>>>    register."
>>> I don't understand the meaning of the first sentence. Is it
>>> trying to say that configuration is an alternative way of
>>> determining support for keepalive?
>>>
>>> 8. "For devices where power is
>>>    not a significant concern, the UA SHOULD select a random number
>>>    between 95 and 120 seconds between keepalives.  When
>>> battery power is
>>>    a concern, the UA SHOULD select a random number between
>> 672 and 840
>>>    seconds (14 minutes).  These times MAY be configurable."
>>> The last sentence seems to undermine the previous SHOULD
>>> strength statements. Also, what exactly can be configurable -
>>> just the upper and lower bounds? I don't think, for example,
>>> we are proposing to allow somebody to configure say 180
>>> seconds as both upper and lower bounds (not a range, no
>>> randomisation). So I think it is the bounds that can be
>>> configurable, and even then the 20% difference must be maintained.
>>> Perhaps it should say something like:
>>> "The UA MUST select a random number between a fixed or
>>> configurable upper bound and a lower bound, where the lower
>>> bound is 20% less then the upper bound. The fixed upper bound
>>> or the default configurable upper bound SHOULD be 120 seconds
>>> (95 seconds lower bound) where battery power is not a concern
>>> and 840 seconds (672 seconds lower bound) where battery power
>>> is a concern."
>>>
>>> 9. "The delay time is computed by selecting a uniform random
>>> time between
>>>    50 and 100 percent of the wait time.  The UA MUST wait for
>>> the value
>>>    of the delay time before trying another registration to
>> form a new
>>>    flow for that URI."
>>> I find this a little confusing. The several paragraphs before
>>> that have all talked about wait time, or time to wait, which
>>> suggests that that is how long you wait before trying
>>> registration again. Then we suddenly have this "delay time"
>>> introduced, and it says that "UA MUST wait for the value of
>>> the delay time before trying another registration". It might
>>> be better to introduce the concept of delay time and wait
>>> time up front. Furthermore, it is not clear whether the delay
>>> time (between 50 and 100 percent of the wait time) starts
>>> when the wait time starts or when the wait time finishes. I
>>> think the examples given in the succeeding paragraph suggest
>>> it is the former interpretation. In any case, it needs to be
>>> clarified.
>>>
>>> 10. "The Edge Proxy can determine
>>>    if it is the first hop by examining the Via header field."
>>> Does this still work in the case of topology hiding by an
>>> upstream entity?
>>>
>>> 11. "When a '+sip.instance' media feature parameter is present in a
>>>    Contact header field of a REGISTER request (after the
>>> Contact header
>>>    validation as described above), the corresponding binding
>>> is between
>>>    an AOR and the combination of the instance-id (from the
>>> +sip.instance
>>>    media feature parameter) and the value of reg-id
>> parameter if it is
>>>    present."
>>> I think the normative statements that follow are only
>>> concerned with the case where reg-id is present, so I think
>>> it should be changed to:
>>> "When a '+sip.instance' media feature parameter and a reg-id
>>> parameter are present in a
>>>    Contact header field of a REGISTER request (after the
>>> Contact header
>>>    validation as described above), the corresponding binding
>>> is between
>>>    an AOR and the combination of the instance-id (from the
>>> +sip.instance
>>>    media feature parameter) and the value of reg-id parameter."
>>>
>>> John
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use
>>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>

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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>, "IETF SIP List" <sip@ietf.org>, 
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> > For 10, I believe that it would work if an upstream evil B2BUA does 
> > topology hiding since the proxy uses the Via in the Request and not 
> > the Path in the response.
> [JRE] What I meant was, if a proxy receives a REGISTER 
> request with only a single element in the Via header field, 
> how does it know whether the request came from a UA or from a 
> topology-hiding B2BUA? This is probably an unlikely situation 
> for a REGISTER request (UA -> B2BUA -> proxy), but can we rule it out?

Ah, "upstream" vis-a-vis the UAC, as opposed to "upstream" vis-a-vis the
outbound proxy.

Of course a B2BUA can screw things up. If one decides to have a 
B2BUA between the Outbound proxy and the UAC (which seems to be a weird
place for putting it), then obviously the B2BUA would have to comply to
outbound for outbound to work. I would think that normally, the B2BUA would
be on the other side or the outbound proxy, or even co-located with it.

There are plenty of opportunities for a B2BUA to mess things up. I don't 
believe it would make sense to say anything about it. 
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Gaurav,

I think it's totally up to TU to determine to cancel the call or not in=20
early dialog stage,
you cannot mandate all UA cancel the in call in 5 mins, can you??

-Rockson

On Fri, Apr 4, 2008 at  1:52 AM, gaurav khurana wrote:

Hi,

I looked into the previous threads too but couldn't clarify my doubt, so=20
posting the question again.

My question is that how long will the client transaction be alive once=20
we enter in proceeding state.

Previous threads suggest transaction will terminate when timer B, i.e.=20
64*T1 expires. But, what I see in RFC3261 - 17.1.1.2 fig. 5 (INVITE=20
Client transaction) that timer B fires only in Calling state. There's no=20
timer shown for proceeding state.

Does it mean that in proceeding state, the transaction will not=20
terminate until the caller disconnects the call manually?

GAURAV KHURANA
# 91-9886646104


___________________________________

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Total Access=20
<http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=3D47523/*http://tc.deals.yahoo.com/tc/blockbust=
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------------------------------

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<DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LET=
TERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0">Gaurav,</FONT></DIV><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" S=
IZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><D=
IV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTE=
RSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0">I think it's totally up to TU to determine to =
cancel the call or not in early dialog stage,</FONT></DIV><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEF=
T"><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" =
KERNING=3D"0">you cannot mandate all UA cancel the in call in 5 mins, can y=
ou??</FONT></DIV><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTER=
SPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT FACE=3D"Ve=
rdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0">-Rock=
son </FONT></DIV><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTER=
SPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" CO=
LOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><DIV ALIGN=3D"=
LEFT"><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"=
0" KERNING=3D"0">On Fri, Apr 4, 2008 at&nbsp; 1:52 AM, gaurav khurana wrote=
:</FONT></DIV><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPA=
CING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT FACE=3D"Verda=
na" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0">Hi, </FO=
NT></DIV><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=
=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" =
SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0">I looked int=
o the previous threads too but couldn't clarify my doubt, so posting the qu=
estion again. </FONT></DIV><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#0000=
00" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=
=3D"0">My question is that how long will the client transaction be alive on=
ce we enter in proceeding state. </FONT></DIV><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=
=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><DIV =
ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSP=
ACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0">Previous threads suggest transaction will termina=
te when timer B, i.e. 64*T1 expires. But, what I see in RFC3261 - 17.1.1.2 =
fig. 5 (INVITE Client transaction) that timer B fires only in Calling state=
. There's no timer shown for proceeding state. </FONT></DIV><FONT FACE=3D"V=
erdana" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br>=
</FONT><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#0000=
00" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0">Does it mean that in proceeding state=
, the transaction will not terminate until the caller disconnects the call =
manually? </FONT></DIV><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"3=
" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0">&nbsp; <FONT SIZE=3D"=
2"></FONT></FONT></DIV><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT FACE=3D"lucida console, sa=
ns-serif" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0">GA=
URAV KHURANA <FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"></FONT></FONT></DIV><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"=
><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KE=
RNING=3D"0"># 91-9886646104 </FONT></DIV><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"3" =
COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><FONT FACE=
=3D"lucida console, sans-serif" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=
=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"=
#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><=
FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERN=
ING=3D"0">___________________________________<FONT FACE=3D"lucida console, =
sans-serif"></FONT></FONT></DIV><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"=
#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><=
FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"3" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERN=
ING=3D"0">You rock. That's why Blockbuster's offering you <FONT COLOR=3D"#3=
333FF"><A HREF=3D"http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=3D47523/*http://tc.deals.yahoo=
.com/tc/blockbuster/text5.com" TARGET=3D"_blank"><U>one month of Blockbuste=
r Total Access</U></A></FONT>, No Cost. <FONT SIZE=3D"2"></FONT></FONT></DI=
V><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" K=
ERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"=
2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0">--------------------=
----------</FONT></DIV><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" =
LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"><br></FONT><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT FACE=
=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0"=
>_______________________________________________</FONT></DIV><DIV ALIGN=3D"=
LEFT"><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"=
0" KERNING=3D"0">Sip mailing list=C2=A0 <FONT COLOR=3D"#3333FF"><A HREF=3D"=
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip" TARGET=3D"_blank"><U>https://www=
.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip</U></A><FONT COLOR=3D"#000000"><A HREF=3D"ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip" TARGET=3D"_blank">=C2=A0</A></FONT=
></FONT></FONT></DIV><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" =
COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"0">This list is for NEW de=
velopment of the core SIP Protocol</FONT></DIV><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT FA=
CE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D"=
0">Use <FONT COLOR=3D"#3333FF"><A HREF=3D"mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columb=
ia.edu"><U>sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu</U></A><FONT COLOR=3D"#000000">=
<A HREF=3D"mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu">=C2=A0</A>=C2=A0for que=
stions on current sip</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV><DIV ALIGN=3D"LEFT"><FONT F=
ACE=3D"Verdana" SIZE=3D"2" COLOR=3D"#000000" LETTERSPACING=3D"0" KERNING=3D=
"0">Use <FONT COLOR=3D"#3333FF"><A HREF=3D"mailto:sipping@ietf.org"><U>sipp=
ing@ietf.org</U></A><FONT COLOR=3D"#000000"><A HREF=3D"mailto:sipping@ietf.=
org">=C2=A0</A>=C2=A0for new developments on the application of sip</FONT><=
/FONT></FONT></DIV>
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_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
--===============1612752709==--


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Apr  7 01:24:58 2008
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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	<155b01c896af$f57ca910$c5f0200a@cisco.com>
From: "Fischer, Kai" <kai.fischer@siemens.com>
To: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>, <sip@ietf.org>
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Cc: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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That's an interesting proposal. I didn't get if your intention is to
sign both headers (From header with E.164 and 'email-identity' header)
or only the email-based one.

In case signing both, an identity binding between the E.164 SIP URI and
the email based one is created, which results into the other problems
with RFC 4474 discussed in the two mail threads 'RFC 4474 and PSTN' /
'RFC 4474 and SBC traversal'. 

In case signing only the 'email-identity' header, does this mean that
email-like SIP URIs are only provided in the new header field (because
they are signed) and not in the From header in the long term (after
migration ;-)).

Kai

> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> > Behalf Of Elwell, John
> > Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 1:19 AM
> > To: sip@ietf.org
> > Subject: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
> > 
> > On this thread I would like to explore what can be done in terms of
> > avoiding the issues concerned with RFC 4474 and E.164-based 
> > SIP URIs by
> > migration towards the use of email-style URIs.
> > E.164-based URIs will still be needed, particularly for interworking
> > with PSTN but also in those SIP environments where E.164 numbers are
> > more easily handled (e.g., phones with number-based user 
> interfaces).
> > But perhaps we can explore more the possibility of using 
> the two forms
> > in parallel, e.g., E.164-based in PAI (e.g., as TEL URI) and 
> > email-style in From. I know Dan has an interesting straw man on 
> > this topic, which I will allow him to present himself.
> 
> One idea that someone (Jonathan?) posted to SIP, about a week 
> before the Philadelphia meeting, was to mix both e.164 and email
> style identifiers.  In that email, it was suggested to use a 
> separator between the two (a "*", as I recall).  
> 
> I have been thinking about using both E.164-style and email-style 
> URIs in parallel, for two reasons:
> 
>   1.  provide a migration path from E.164-style URIs to email-style
>       URIs
>   2.  allow stronger identity to be asserted for email-style URIs
> 
> 
> Here is a straw-man idea:
> 
> On an outgoing request containing an e164-style URI in the From:
> (or PAI, as you prefer), the domain additionally places the user's 
> email-style URI into a new header (let's call it "email-identity").
> It determines the mapping between a user's E.164 URI and email URI
> using a flat database (example: +14085551234 -> dwing@cisco.com).
> 
> This new header is signed along with everything else we like to 
> sign [choose RFC4474, draft-fischer-sip-e2e-sec-media-00.txt, or 
> draft-wing-sip-identity-media-02.txt, as you prefer].
> 
> If the receiving domain understands email-identity, it validates
> the claimed identity, and it presents the email-style URI to the
> called party.  Thus, the E.164 in the From: (or in the PAI) is 
> essentially ignored.  If the receiving domain does not understand
> email-identity, the receiving domain does not enjoy any benefits
> of the email-identity header and does not experience any harm from
> the email-identity header.
> 
> This provides a backwards-compatible way to migrate to email-style
> URIs, and gives us strong identity with those email-style URIs.
> 
> -d
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
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> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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References: <200803251629.m2PGTC0N025942@dragon.ariadne.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066D81@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><28F05913385EAC43AF019413F674A0171246ED51@OCCLUST04EVS1.ugd.att.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066D85@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><18414.14946.299667.816439@harjus.tutpro.com><1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF15D57E04@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com><47B2061B1E5E494B96AA40008300D850371EB4@esealmw109.eemea.ericsson.se><1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF15DABF84@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com><47B2061B1E5E494B96AA40008300D8503A2F4B@esealmw109.eemea.ericsson.se><1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF15DEE1D7@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066E01@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF15E39032@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066E12@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF15EB7DF4@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com><47F55014.9040408@cisco.com><1ECE0EB50388174!790F9694F7752!
	2 CCF15E B7 F8A@zrc2h
	xm0.corp.nortel.com><18421.47305.126027.185083@harjus.tutpro.com><7A4F9554-7C45-4E65-8A10-FCD546032FF4@softarmor.com><47B2061B1E5E494B96AA40008300D8504437CF@esealmw109.eemea.ericsson.se>
	<C0077FE7-A3FE-46F0-8CBC-D579BE84166B@softarmor.com>
From: "Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
To: "Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>,
	"Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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Hi Dean, 

>>Params only seems to tackle the parameter loss issue, and it seems 
>>further to solve a different problem alltogether i.e. how to get 
>>parameters from the caller to the callee.
>
>Well, that WAS the original goal of US-Loose-Route, and is the thing we
have a chartered milestone for:
>
>From our charter:
>Feb 2008
>Delivering request-URI and parameters to UAS via proxy to IESG (PS)

I believe the UA loose mechanism works in the same way as the Target
mechanism in that sense: if a retarget occurs, the Request-URI is
overwritten, and the R-URI carries the current target.

Regards,

Christer

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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Apr  7 09:17:43 2008
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Date: Mon, 07 Apr 2008 14:53:47 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Review of sip-outbound-13
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Rohan,

OK, I can accept the explanations you give.

John 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Rohan Mahy
> Sent: 06 April 2008 18:41
> To: Elwell, John
> Cc: IETF SIP List; Rohan Mahy; Francois Audet; Cullen Jennings
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Review of sip-outbound-13
> 
> Hi John,
> 
> Thanks for your detailed comments. I have a few specifics inline.
> 
> On Apr 5, 2008, at 11:34 AM, Elwell, John wrote:
> >
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> >> Behalf Of Francois Audet
> >> Sent: 05 April 2008 00:38
> >> To: Elwell, John; IETF SIP List; Cullen Jennings; Rohan Mahy
> >> Subject: Re: [Sip] Review of sip-outbound-13
> >>
> >> Thank you John.
> >>
> >> I am OK with your edits 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 11.
> >>
> >> I don't understand your point about 3.
> > [JRE] It says that there is a case where a UA might not 
> want to use  
> > the
> > sip.instance media feature tag, yet that tag is essential for  
> > outbound.
> > Is it saying that in such a case the UA should not use sip-outbound?
> The text is explaining under what circumstances a UA would 
> decide not  
> to include +sip.instance in (any kind of) request.  Outbound  
> registration requests certainly will not work if the UA leaves this  
> parameter out.   I believe some of this is discussed in GRUU, but a  
> complete discussion of this topic is certainly out of scope of the  
> outbound spec.
> 
> [snip]
> >> For 9, I'll have to defer to Rohan and Cullen because I find it
> >> confusing too.
> > [JRE]Yes, and that is why I wasn't able to propose new words.
> 
> We provided SHOULD level recommendations for the timers in this  
> section.  If the UA has a good reason to do something else it MAY.   
> The timers, the random spacing or lack thereof, even the backoff  
> algorithm, they all could be configurable.  This is all we can say  
> and all we should say on the matter.  I don't want to clutter up the  
> text with a lot of text explaining things that UAs could do that we  
> don't recommend.
> 
> I am certainly open to reading new proposed text, but I think the  
> current text tells implementors what they should do pretty clearly.
> 
> >> For 10, I believe that it would work if an upstream evil B2BUA does
> >> topology hiding since the proxy uses the Via in the Request
> >> and not the
> >> Path in the response.
> > [JRE] What I meant was, if a proxy receives a REGISTER 
> request with  
> > only
> > a single element in the Via header field, how does it know 
> whether the
> > request came from a UA or from a topology-hiding B2BUA? This is  
> > probably
> > an unlikely situation for a REGISTER request (UA -> B2BUA ->  
> > proxy), but
> > can we rule it out?
> 
> A B2BUA has to behave as a legal UA.  The B2BUA will either 
> advertise  
> support for the outbound option-tag or not. If it does not support  
> outbound, the registrar won't try an outbound-style registration and  
> the original UAC will discover that from the response (no problem).  
> If the B2BUA wants to support outbound, it will need to follow the  
> spec. If the B2BUA wants to simulate an outbound-aware edge proxy,  
> and also support topology hiding, it will need to insure that there  
> are at least two Via headers in the request. It could easily do this  
> by adding itself twice to the Via header field (possible, but 
> not our  
> problem).
> 
> Even if the B2BUA is truly broken and blindly copies option 
> tags from  
> the original UAC to the registrar (DON"T DO THIS KIDS!!!), it is  
> unlikely that the B2BUA will know about and insert the 'ob' 
> parameter  
> in the first Path header.  The next hop will think the first edge  
> proxy did not support outbound and carry on with non-outbound  
> registration.
> 
> thanks,
> -rohan
> 
> 
> >>> -----Original Message-----
> >>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> >>> Behalf Of Elwell, John
> >>> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 07:01
> >>> To: IETF SIP List
> >>> Subject: [Sip] Review of sip-outbound-13
> >>>
> >>> I think this is ready to go if the following minor comments are
> >>> addressed:
> >>>
> >>> 1. "This
> >>>    specification also defines multiple keep alive schemes."
> >>> Change "multiple" to "two".
> >>>
> >>> 2. "A Flow is a network protocol layer (layer 4) association"
> >>> Change "network" to "transport".
> >>>
> >>> 3. "One case where a UA may not want to include
> >>>    the sip.instance media feature tag at all is when it 
> is making an
> >>>    anonymous request or some other privacy concern requires
> >>> that the UA
> >>>    not reveal its identity."
> >>> There is no statement about what should be done in this case.
> >>>
> >>> 4. "These registration requests include a distinct reg-id
> >> parameter in
> >>>    the Contact header field."
> >>> I think some normative language is needed here. Perhaps change to:
> >>> "For registration requests in accordance with outbound
> >>> behaviour, the UA MUST include a distinct reg-id parameter in
> >>> the Contact header field."
> >>>
> >>> 5. "the target first
> >>>    hop SIP note"
> >>> Change "note" to "node".
> >>>
> >>> 6. "as this is already allowed by
> >>>    [RFC3261].  Section 7.5, however a UA that did not 
> register using
> >>>    outbound registration"
> >>> I think this should say
> >>> "as this is already allowed by
> >>>    [RFC3261] section 7.5. However, a UA that did not 
> register using
> >>>    outbound registration"
> >>>
> >>> 7. "Configuration indicating keepalive support for a specific
> >>> target is
> >>>    considered an explicit indication.  If these conditions are
> >>>    satisfied, the UA sends its keepalives according to the same
> >>>    guidelines described in the rest of this section as UAs which
> >>>    register."
> >>> I don't understand the meaning of the first sentence. Is it
> >>> trying to say that configuration is an alternative way of
> >>> determining support for keepalive?
> >>>
> >>> 8. "For devices where power is
> >>>    not a significant concern, the UA SHOULD select a random number
> >>>    between 95 and 120 seconds between keepalives.  When
> >>> battery power is
> >>>    a concern, the UA SHOULD select a random number between
> >> 672 and 840
> >>>    seconds (14 minutes).  These times MAY be configurable."
> >>> The last sentence seems to undermine the previous SHOULD
> >>> strength statements. Also, what exactly can be configurable -
> >>> just the upper and lower bounds? I don't think, for example,
> >>> we are proposing to allow somebody to configure say 180
> >>> seconds as both upper and lower bounds (not a range, no
> >>> randomisation). So I think it is the bounds that can be
> >>> configurable, and even then the 20% difference must be maintained.
> >>> Perhaps it should say something like:
> >>> "The UA MUST select a random number between a fixed or
> >>> configurable upper bound and a lower bound, where the lower
> >>> bound is 20% less then the upper bound. The fixed upper bound
> >>> or the default configurable upper bound SHOULD be 120 seconds
> >>> (95 seconds lower bound) where battery power is not a concern
> >>> and 840 seconds (672 seconds lower bound) where battery power
> >>> is a concern."
> >>>
> >>> 9. "The delay time is computed by selecting a uniform random
> >>> time between
> >>>    50 and 100 percent of the wait time.  The UA MUST wait for
> >>> the value
> >>>    of the delay time before trying another registration to
> >> form a new
> >>>    flow for that URI."
> >>> I find this a little confusing. The several paragraphs before
> >>> that have all talked about wait time, or time to wait, which
> >>> suggests that that is how long you wait before trying
> >>> registration again. Then we suddenly have this "delay time"
> >>> introduced, and it says that "UA MUST wait for the value of
> >>> the delay time before trying another registration". It might
> >>> be better to introduce the concept of delay time and wait
> >>> time up front. Furthermore, it is not clear whether the delay
> >>> time (between 50 and 100 percent of the wait time) starts
> >>> when the wait time starts or when the wait time finishes. I
> >>> think the examples given in the succeeding paragraph suggest
> >>> it is the former interpretation. In any case, it needs to be
> >>> clarified.
> >>>
> >>> 10. "The Edge Proxy can determine
> >>>    if it is the first hop by examining the Via header field."
> >>> Does this still work in the case of topology hiding by an
> >>> upstream entity?
> >>>
> >>> 11. "When a '+sip.instance' media feature parameter is 
> present in a
> >>>    Contact header field of a REGISTER request (after the
> >>> Contact header
> >>>    validation as described above), the corresponding binding
> >>> is between
> >>>    an AOR and the combination of the instance-id (from the
> >>> +sip.instance
> >>>    media feature parameter) and the value of reg-id
> >> parameter if it is
> >>>    present."
> >>> I think the normative statements that follow are only
> >>> concerned with the case where reg-id is present, so I think
> >>> it should be changed to:
> >>> "When a '+sip.instance' media feature parameter and a reg-id
> >>> parameter are present in a
> >>>    Contact header field of a REGISTER request (after the
> >>> Contact header
> >>>    validation as described above), the corresponding binding
> >>> is between
> >>>    an AOR and the combination of the instance-id (from the
> >>> +sip.instance
> >>>    media feature parameter) and the value of reg-id parameter."
> >>>
> >>> John
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> _______________________________________________
> >>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> >>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use
> >>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> >>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the 
> application of sip
> >>>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> >> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> >> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> >> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> >>
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
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Cc: "'Elwell, John'" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Fischer, Kai [mailto:kai.fischer@siemens.com] 
> Sent: Monday, April 07, 2008 1:25 AM
> To: Dan Wing; sip@ietf.org
> Cc: Elwell, John
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
> 
> That's an interesting proposal. I didn't get if your intention is to
> sign both headers (From header with E.164 and 'email-identity' header)
> or only the email-based one.

For the purposes of my straw-man, you can assume (a) we have resolved
all problems with signing E.164s in From, or you can assume (b) we have
not resolved any problem with signing E.164 in From -- either way, my
proposal still provides benefit:  the called party can use the email-
style address to establish end-to-end identity with the calling party,
and can use that to establish an end-to-end SRTP session (using a
mechanism similar to your draft or the Wing/Kaplan draft).

> In case signing both, an identity binding between the E.164 
> SIP URI and
> the email based one is created, which results into the other problems
> with RFC 4474 discussed in the two mail threads 'RFC 4474 and PSTN' /
> 'RFC 4474 and SBC traversal'. 
> 
> In case signing only the 'email-identity' header, does this mean that
> email-like SIP URIs are only provided in the new header field (because
> they are signed) and not in the From header in the long term (after
> migration ;-)).

Once both endpoints know they can use email-style URIs, they could put
the same information into the From and into the Email-Identity headers
-- or sign the From and ignore the email-identity.

-d


> Kai
> 
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> > > Behalf Of Elwell, John
> > > Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 1:19 AM
> > > To: sip@ietf.org
> > > Subject: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
> > > 
> > > On this thread I would like to explore what can be done 
> in terms of
> > > avoiding the issues concerned with RFC 4474 and E.164-based 
> > > SIP URIs by
> > > migration towards the use of email-style URIs.
> > > E.164-based URIs will still be needed, particularly for 
> interworking
> > > with PSTN but also in those SIP environments where E.164 
> numbers are
> > > more easily handled (e.g., phones with number-based user 
> > interfaces).
> > > But perhaps we can explore more the possibility of using 
> > the two forms
> > > in parallel, e.g., E.164-based in PAI (e.g., as TEL URI) and 
> > > email-style in From. I know Dan has an interesting straw man on 
> > > this topic, which I will allow him to present himself.
> > 
> > One idea that someone (Jonathan?) posted to SIP, about a week 
> > before the Philadelphia meeting, was to mix both e.164 and email
> > style identifiers.  In that email, it was suggested to use a 
> > separator between the two (a "*", as I recall).  
> > 
> > I have been thinking about using both E.164-style and email-style 
> > URIs in parallel, for two reasons:
> > 
> >   1.  provide a migration path from E.164-style URIs to email-style
> >       URIs
> >   2.  allow stronger identity to be asserted for email-style URIs
> > 
> > 
> > Here is a straw-man idea:
> > 
> > On an outgoing request containing an e164-style URI in the From:
> > (or PAI, as you prefer), the domain additionally places the user's 
> > email-style URI into a new header (let's call it "email-identity").
> > It determines the mapping between a user's E.164 URI and email URI
> > using a flat database (example: +14085551234 -> dwing@cisco.com).
> > 
> > This new header is signed along with everything else we like to 
> > sign [choose RFC4474, draft-fischer-sip-e2e-sec-media-00.txt, or 
> > draft-wing-sip-identity-media-02.txt, as you prefer].
> > 
> > If the receiving domain understands email-identity, it validates
> > the claimed identity, and it presents the email-style URI to the
> > called party.  Thus, the E.164 in the From: (or in the PAI) is 
> > essentially ignored.  If the receiving domain does not understand
> > email-identity, the receiving domain does not enjoy any benefits
> > of the email-identity header and does not experience any harm from
> > the email-identity header.
> > 
> > This provides a backwards-compatible way to migrate to email-style
> > URIs, and gives us strong identity with those email-style URIs.
> > 
> > -d
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> > Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 

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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Apr  7 13:16:40 2008
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: "sip@ietf.org" <sip@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 7 Apr 2008 16:15:42 -0400
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Howdy,
I have the following comments, mostly editorial nits, on the latest draft.  I think these do not overlap with John Elwell's.

General comment: I think it's in great shape, and very thorough.

1) I do not see any discussion of RFC 3680 SIP Registration Event Package.  I assume that each registered flow's contact is treated as a unique contact in all regards to RFC 3680, right?  And the reg-id and instance would be saved in the "unknown-param" XML element of the contact element, making those unique (vs. being unique contact URI's).  I think maybe that should be clarified somewhere, as rfc3680 is not uncommon.


2) If a Register is 3xx redirected, does the new retargeted Register use the same reg-id, even though it's a different "flow"? (I assume so)  I ask because some people use 3xx for Registers to load-balance or perform anycasting.  It may be good to add this to end of section 4.2.1.


3) Page 5:
Reg-id: "When a UA registers multiple times, each concurrent registration gets a unique reg-id value."  Replace with: "When a UA registers multiple times, each for a different flow, each concurrent registration gets a unique reg-id value."


4) Page 12, Section 3.5.2:
   The proxy or registrar acts as a Session
   Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) [I-D.ietf-behave-rfc3489bis]
   server on the SIP signaling port.
Insert "limited" before "Session". (ie, it is not a full STUN server)


5) Page 12, Section 3.5.2:
      Note:  The STUN mechanism is very robust and allows the detection
      of a changed IP address.
Add "and port" at the end.


6) Page 12, Section 4.1:
"It also provides an easy way to guarantee uniqueness within the AOR."  I'm a bit confused by that, because I don't believe we're saying one UA instance only ever represents one AoR. (ie, multiple AoR's registered on the same UA will have the same registered contact instance)  Recommend removing or rewording.


7) Page 14, Section 4.2.1:
   For each outbound proxy URI in the set, the UAC SHOULD send a
   REGISTER request using this URI as the default outbound proxy.  (The
   UA could limit the number of flows formed to conserve battery power,
   for example).
The logic flow is awkward there.  Change second sentence to start with "Alternatively, the UAC could...".


8) Page 15, Section 4.2.1:
   If the registering UA receives a 439 (First Hop Lacks Outbound
   Support) response to a REGISTER request, it MAY re-attempt
   registration without an outbound proxy (subject to local policy at
   the client).
I think what you mean at the end is instead "without using the outbound mechanism"?


9) Page 16, Section 4.3:
   ... For TLS protocols, there MUST also
   be a match between the host production in the next hop and one of the
   URIs contained in the subjectAltName in the peer certificate.
s/production in/resolved for/


10) Page 18, Section 4.4.1:
   A User Agent that forms flows, checks if the configured URI to which
   the UA is connecting resolves to a stream-based transport (ex:  TCP
   and TLS over TCP).
That's confusing, because double-CRLF is used for connection-oriented transports period, not only stream-based ones (ie, also used for SCTP).  And no statement is made about why it checks for stream-based, so I recommend removing it or clarifying.

-hadriel
_______________________________________________
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On Mon, Apr 7, 2008 at 1:15 PM, Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com> wrote:
> Howdy,
>  I have the following comments, mostly editorial nits, on the latest draft.  I think these do not overlap with John Elwell's.
>
>  General comment: I think it's in great shape, and very thorough.

Thanks!

>  1) I do not see any discussion of RFC 3680 SIP Registration Event Package.  I assume that each registered flow's contact is treated as a unique contact in all regards to RFC 3680, right?  And the reg-id and instance would be saved in the "unknown-param" XML element of the contact element, making those unique (vs. being unique contact URI's).  I think maybe that should be clarified somewhere, as rfc3680 is not uncommon.

Paul K had an extension to reg-event for GRUU.  I think his document
would be a logical place to clarify since GRUU depends on outbound.

>  2) If a Register is 3xx redirected, does the new retargeted Register use the same reg-id, even though it's a different "flow"? (I assume so)  I ask because some people use 3xx for Registers to load-balance or perform anycasting.  It may be good to add this to end of section 4.2.1.

Yes, the UA uses the same reg-id.  It uses the the reg-id to indicate
that this is (for example) my "2nd logical flow" to my registrar or
the logical flow over my "cellular interface".  Can you suggest
something here or point out the specific part that is confusing.?

>  3) Page 5:
>  Reg-id: "When a UA registers multiple times, each concurrent registration gets a unique reg-id value."  Replace with: "When a UA registers multiple times, each for a different flow, each concurrent registration gets a unique reg-id value."

good

>  4) Page 12, Section 3.5.2:
>    The proxy or registrar acts as a Session
>    Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) [I-D.ietf-behave-rfc3489bis]
>    server on the SIP signaling port.
>  Insert "limited" before "Session". (ie, it is not a full STUN server)

good

>  5) Page 12, Section 3.5.2:
>       Note:  The STUN mechanism is very robust and allows the detection
>       of a changed IP address.
>  Add "and port" at the end.

good

>  6) Page 12, Section 4.1:
>  "It also provides an easy way to guarantee uniqueness within the AOR."  I'm a bit confused by that, because I don't believe we're saying one UA instance only ever represents one AoR. (ie, multiple AoR's registered on the same UA will have the same registered contact instance)  Recommend removing or rewording.

I don't see the confusion.  _Within_ the AOR, the instance-id provides
further disambiguation.  I can absolutely use the instance with more
than one AOR.

>  7) Page 14, Section 4.2.1:
>    For each outbound proxy URI in the set, the UAC SHOULD send a
>    REGISTER request using this URI as the default outbound proxy.  (The
>    UA could limit the number of flows formed to conserve battery power,
>    for example).
>  The logic flow is awkward there.  Change second sentence to start with "Alternatively, the UAC could...".

better

>  8) Page 15, Section 4.2.1:
>    If the registering UA receives a 439 (First Hop Lacks Outbound
>    Support) response to a REGISTER request, it MAY re-attempt
>    registration without an outbound proxy (subject to local policy at
>    the client).
>  I think what you mean at the end is instead "without using the outbound mechanism"?

yes

>  9) Page 16, Section 4.3:
>    ... For TLS protocols, there MUST also
>    be a match between the host production in the next hop and one of the
>    URIs contained in the subjectAltName in the peer certificate.
>  s/production in/resolved for/

I don't think your proposed rewording is correct.  Perhaps s/next
hop/next hop URI/ ?

>  10) Page 18, Section 4.4.1:
>    A User Agent that forms flows, checks if the configured URI to which
>    the UA is connecting resolves to a stream-based transport (ex:  TCP
>    and TLS over TCP).
>  That's confusing, because double-CRLF is used for connection-oriented transports period, not only stream-based ones (ie, also used for SCTP).  And no statement is made about why it checks for stream-based, so I recommend removing it or clarifying.

How about:
s/stream-based/connection-oriented/  ?

thanks,
-rohan

>  -hadriel
>  _______________________________________________
>  Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>  This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>  Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>  Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>
_______________________________________________
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
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At Fri, 04 Apr 2008 11:20:30 -0700,
Michael Thomas wrote:
>        Mike, who's ecstatic that 7% of domains are dkim checking now

Hi Mike,

I was curious where you got this figure from...

Thanks,
-Ekr

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At Fri, 04 Apr 2008 11:50:53 +0300,
Hannes Tschofenig wrote:
> 
> This issue is totally independent from E.164
> 
> I don't like the idea of requiring DTLS-SRTP to provide proof of 
> possession of the keying material.

To be honest, I'm not even sure what this means. DTLS-SRTP inherently
provides a proof that the peer you're encrypting to has keying
material that matches whatever was in the fingerprint. That's
a distinct question from whether the fingerprint is cryptographically
bound to the message.

-Ekr


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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> At Fri, 04 Apr 2008 11:20:30 -0700,
> Michael Thomas wrote:
>   
>>        Mike, who's ecstatic that 7% of domains are dkim checking now
>>     
>
> Hi Mike,
>
> I was curious where you got this figure from...
>
>   
Ha ha,  I was wondering if anybody would notice :) It's from grinding 
through
our logs. It is between Cisco and other companies since the 7% doesn't
include cisco-cisco messages (it's 7% of domains we send to seem to vfy).
The bottom line is that it may be somewhat optimistic since the companies
who we correspond with might be more likely to be early adopters, but
then again, maybe it's not all that optimistic. I was pretty surprised.

       Mike
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and SBC traversal
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On Apr 7, 2008, at 5:43 PM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> At Fri, 04 Apr 2008 11:50:53 +0300,
> Hannes Tschofenig wrote:
>>
>> This issue is totally independent from E.164
>>
>> I don't like the idea of requiring DTLS-SRTP to provide proof of
>> possession of the keying material.
>
> To be honest, I'm not even sure what this means. DTLS-SRTP inherently
> provides a proof that the peer you're encrypting to has keying
> material that matches whatever was in the fingerprint. That's
> a distinct question from whether the fingerprint is cryptographically
> bound to the message.

Right. The only dependency between DTLS-SRTP and RFC 4474 is integrity  
protection of the key's fingerprint, not the actual key itself. The  
fingerprint is shipped in the SDP, and the key is negotiated in the  
media channel itself using a partial-key combination approach (aka D-H).

The fingerprint is used to relate signaling to media. This works even  
without RFC 4474. What RFC 4474 does is reduce the opportunity for  
somebody on the signaling AND media paths to replace the key, and use  
this to tap the media flow without being noticed by endpoints. It is  
somewhat arguable as to how useful this integrity protection is.

Of course, given that the usual implementation of RFC 4474 is for the  
authentication service that puts in the RFC 4474 Identity header to be  
a proxy that's on the signaling path, this would make it fairly easy  
for that proxy to collude in tapping the call. But if RFC 4474 is used  
end-to-end with client keys, the it provides fairly comprehensive  
protection.

--
Dean
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	e> <E6C2E8958BA59A4FB960963D475F7AC30BCBDE89F9@mail.acmepacket.com>
From: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
To: "Hadriel Kaplan" <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>,
	"Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>,
	"Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>,
	"Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals
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Well... for some strange reason IMS uses IETF SIP.
I agree with you that reality is often just not right.

;-)
/Hans Erik

-----Original Message-----
From: Hadriel Kaplan [mailto:HKaplan@acmepacket.com] 
Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 7:35 PM
To: Hans Erik van Elburg; Francois Audet; Christer Holmberg; Juha
Heinanen
Cc: sip@ietf.org; DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS
Subject: RE: [Sip] Comparison of retargeting proposals



> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of 
> Hans Erik van Elburg
>
> I think that in a closed environment like IMS where all proxies can be

> guaranteed to support loose routing, there is effectively almost no 
> difference between P-Called-Party-ID and Target header.

I beg to differ - even in IMS all "proxies" cannot be guaranteed to be
doing loose-routing, if by that you mean not changing the req-uri as
they forward. What's written in IMS specs and what's getting
deployed/configured in the field are not identical all of the time, nor
in all scenarios for the same IMS network... much like IETF SIP.
(this is not to say that this has any impact on the gist of your comment
or the proposals - just noting that "IMS specs" and IMS reality are not
one and the same, as you're probably aware)

-hadriel
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From: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
To: "Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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The Target header proposal clearly ties the parameters destined for the
target with the current target, this means that if the current target
changes these parameters will no longer be. 

/Hans Erik 

-----Original Message-----
From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com] 
Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 8:09 PM
To: Hans Erik van Elburg
Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"


On Apr 4, 2008, at 7:24 AM, Hans Erik van Elburg wrote:
> There seems to be a misunderstanding here, there is no intention for 
> stacking Target headers at all. There will always have to be zero or 
> one target header field with one clear meaning: "current target".
>

I believe you. But like others, I found the draft unclear, and it made
more sense if I assumed a stack of Target headers.

> As soon as a retarget (using the definition from UALR draft) occurs an

> existing target header will have to be removed, as it no longer 
> represents the current target.

Then it doesn't help Charlie knows that he's answering a call meant for
Bob when Bob forwards his phone to Charlie and Alice calls Bob.

> Params only seems to tackle the parameter loss issue, and it seems 
> further to solve a different problem alltogether i.e. how to get 
> parameters from the caller to the callee.

Well, that WAS the original goal of US-Loose-Route, and is the thing we
have a chartered milestone for:

 From our charter:
Feb 2008
Delivering request-URI and parameters to UAS via proxy to IESG (PS)

> There is a risk that
> parameters that where only intended to be received by user B end up at

> user C.

Well, that can certainly happen with any header. The workaround if it
worries you is to use a 302.

--
Dean
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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From: "Fischer, Kai" <kai.fischer@siemens.com>
To: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>, <sip@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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> > 
> > That's an interesting proposal. I didn't get if your intention is to
> > sign both headers (From header with E.164 and 
> 'email-identity' header)
> > or only the email-based one.
> 
> For the purposes of my straw-man, you can assume (a) we have resolved
> all problems with signing E.164s in From, or you can assume 
> (b) we have
> not resolved any problem with signing E.164 in From -- either way, my
> proposal still provides benefit:  the called party can use the email-
> style address to establish end-to-end identity with the calling party,
> and can use that to establish an end-to-end SRTP session (using a
> mechanism similar to your draft or the Wing/Kaplan draft).
> 
Let's explore your proposal further regarding the problems discussed in
the other two threads (sorry for mixing the email threads now, but it is
close related to the migration proposal):

First problem: Weak PSTN numbers
Proposal
- Don't include the E.164 number in the signature if it was received
from the PSTN (certificate fingerprint is still protected and bound to
the email-style SIP URI of SIP Gateway provided in 'email-identity')
- Include the E.164 number in the signature if not received from the
PSTN
That's independent from the concrete signing mechanism except that RFC
4474 does not cover the new header field

Second problem: SBC traversal
- If both identity information are signed it conflicts with SBCs
modifying SDP information and therefore need to change the domain part
of the SIP URI in the From header as well
- If only the email-identity information is signed (by the Wing/Kaplan
or Fischer draft), intermediary SBCs should not break the signature.
However, the E.164 number has PSTN security level only as assumed above,
but email-style is bound to certificate fingerprint and signed

An straw man extension to your proposal, which mitigates the SBC
traversal problem is to create two signatures. One signing the
email-identity including the certificate fingerprint and which is
protected end-to-end. The other one covering the From header field and
which might re-newed during traversal by intermediaries. The
disadvantage are for sure two signing processes.

Kai
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On Apr 8, 2008, at 4:29 AM, Hans Erik van Elburg wrote:
> The Target header proposal clearly ties the parameters destined for  
> the
> target with the current target, this means that if the current target
> changes these parameters will no longer be.
>

Well then while it might be useful, it doesn't solve the chartered  
problem. It doesn't even attempt to solve the chartered problem.

And that makes the draft itself very useful by helping to explain what  
the problem isn't, which we've apparently become somewhat confused  
about.

--
Dean

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From: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
To: "Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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It solves the chartered problem that you quoted.
And it solves all the use cases listed in the UALR draft.

If you go and redefine the problem, then yes the Target header may not
longer solve the redefined problem. 

-----Original Message-----
From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com] 
Sent: Tuesday, April 08, 2008 7:35 PM
To: Hans Erik van Elburg
Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"


On Apr 8, 2008, at 4:29 AM, Hans Erik van Elburg wrote:
> The Target header proposal clearly ties the parameters destined for 
> the target with the current target, this means that if the current 
> target changes these parameters will no longer be.
>

Well then while it might be useful, it doesn't solve the chartered
problem. It doesn't even attempt to solve the chartered problem.

And that makes the draft itself very useful by helping to explain what
the problem isn't, which we've apparently become somewhat confused
about.

--
Dean

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On Apr 8, 2008, at 12:47 PM, Hans Erik van Elburg wrote:
> It solves the chartered problem that you quoted.
> And it solves all the use cases listed in the UALR draft.
>
> If you go and redefine the problem, then yes the Target header may not
> longer solve the redefined problem.
>
> Dean wrote:
>> On Apr 8, 2008, at 4:29 AM, Hans Erik van Elburg wrote:
>>> The Target header proposal clearly ties the parameters destined for
>>> the target with the current target, this means that if the current
>>> target changes these parameters will no longer be.
>>>
>>
>> Well then while it might be useful, it doesn't solve the chartered
>> problem. It doesn't even attempt to solve the chartered problem.
>>
>> And that makes the draft itself very useful by helping to explain  
>> what
>> the problem isn't, which we've apparently become somewhat confused
>> about.


Ok, I'm probably confused.

The chartered problem (this part I'm sure of, I wrote the charter) is  
for delivery of URI parameters from UAC to UAS, despite speed-dial  
routing and contact routing (aka "retargeting" or "rerouting",  
depending on your definition) in a proxy or proxies between those UAs.

But you said that the current draft discards the parameters when the  
target changes, so by definition it wouldn't address that problem.

Then you said again that it DOES solve the chartered problem.

This makes me strongly suspect we're not all talking about the same  
problem, which seems like a real problem to me.

--
Dean
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Fischer, Kai [mailto:kai.fischer@siemens.com] 
> Sent: Tuesday, April 08, 2008 6:32 AM
> To: Dan Wing; sip@ietf.org
> Cc: Elwell, John
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
> 
> > > 
> > > That's an interesting proposal. I didn't get if your 
> intention is to
> > > sign both headers (From header with E.164 and 
> > 'email-identity' header)
> > > or only the email-based one.
> > 
> > For the purposes of my straw-man, you can assume (a) we 
> have resolved
> > all problems with signing E.164s in From, or you can assume 
> > (b) we have
> > not resolved any problem with signing E.164 in From -- 
> either way, my
> > proposal still provides benefit:  the called party can use 
> the email-
> > style address to establish end-to-end identity with the 
> calling party,
> > and can use that to establish an end-to-end SRTP session (using a
> > mechanism similar to your draft or the Wing/Kaplan draft).
> > 
> Let's explore your proposal further regarding the problems 
> discussed in
> the other two threads (sorry for mixing the email threads 
> now, but it is
> close related to the migration proposal):
> 
> First problem: Weak PSTN numbers
> Proposal
> - Don't include the E.164 number in the signature if it was received
> from the PSTN (certificate fingerprint is still protected and bound to
> the email-style SIP URI of SIP Gateway provided in 'email-identity')
> - Include the E.164 number in the signature if not received from the
> PSTN
> That's independent from the concrete signing mechanism except that RFC
> 4474 does not cover the new header field
> 
> Second problem: SBC traversal
> - If both identity information are signed it conflicts with SBCs
> modifying SDP information and therefore need to change the domain part
> of the SIP URI in the From header as well
> - If only the email-identity information is signed (by the Wing/Kaplan
> or Fischer draft), intermediary SBCs should not break the signature.
> However, the E.164 number has PSTN security level only as 
> assumed above,
> but email-style is bound to certificate fingerprint and signed
> 
> An straw man extension to your proposal, which mitigates the SBC
> traversal problem is to create two signatures. One signing the
> email-identity including the certificate fingerprint and which is
> protected end-to-end. The other one covering the From header field and
> which might re-newed during traversal by intermediaries. The
> disadvantage are for sure two signing processes.

Sure, you could do that.

But at this point in time it seems there is little value in
RFC4474 signatures if there are SBCs on the path; if the SBCs
support RFC4474, they will have to re-sign the identity and
will have to re-write the From.  In such a situation, RFC4474
provides protection of SIP requests being modified between 
the Service Provider (running the SBC) and yourself.  You can 
achieve identical protection from the same attack by doing 
SIP-over-(D)TLS with that same SBC, and not bothering with
RFC4474 (or RFC4916) to/from that SBC.

(I would even go so far to say that, in the same case with 
your provider running an SBC, running SIP-over-(D)TLS to that
provider is superior to RFC4474 because SIP-over-(D)TLS 
protects SIP responses; neither RFC4474 or RFC4916 protect 
SIP responses.)

-d

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I believe the mechanism people are looking for is to get the params from UAC to UAS, UNLESS the UAS identity changes (ie, it is retargeted), in which case it should NOT deliver the UAC's original but rather the ones of the retargeter.
In other words, there is a logical boundary/scope for the params, which is defined by a re-targeting operation.

-hadriel


> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dean
> Willis
>
> The chartered problem (this part I'm sure of, I wrote the charter) is
> for delivery of URI parameters from UAC to UAS, despite speed-dial
> routing and contact routing (aka "retargeting" or "rerouting",
> depending on your definition) in a proxy or proxies between those UAs.
>
> But you said that the current draft discards the parameters when the
> target changes, so by definition it wouldn't address that problem.
>
> Then you said again that it DOES solve the chartered problem.
>
> This makes me strongly suspect we're not all talking about the same
> problem, which seems like a real problem to me.
>
> --
> Dean
> _______________________________________________
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> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr  8 14:30:59 2008
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From: Dale.Worley@comcast.net
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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   From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>

   The problem is the changing of domain part as the E.164-based URI
   traverses service providers, so that it no longer represents the true
   origin of the request.

Well, yes.  If you change the domain part of a URI as it traverses
service providers, you're going to break things.  If you mean "what
the user +123456789 means in cisco.com's domain", say
<sip:+123456789@cisco.com>.  If you mean "what the user +123456789
means in siemens.com's domain", say <sip:+123456789@siemens.com>.  And
there's no reason to believe that there is any relationship between
the two -- unless you have authoritative information about *both*
domains.

If you mean "the E.164 number +123456789", say <tel:+123456789>.

I don't see anything that will go wrong if people pay attention to
what URIs are defined to mean.

Now there is a problem with signing tel: URIs, how do you determine
that the signer has the authority to sign a particular tel: URI, but
that's a delegation-of-authority problem that is not inherently
different from other delegation-of-authority problems -- you need a
publicly-known root authority and a tree of delegations.

Dale
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	(message from Hadriel Kaplan on Fri, 4 Apr 2008 19:15:02 -0400)
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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   From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>

   > From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
   >
   > If an identity server were to fully RFC 4474 "sign" a message rom a
   > PSTN, it's even possible that the identity server operator could be
   > held legally liable for inaccuracy in the asserted identity. In other
   > words, if a caller-ID spoofer made a call through the example.com
   > gateway, and the example.com identity server attaches an Identity
   > header on to the resulting INVITE that asserts the spoofed telephone
   > number identity, then someone injured (defrauded) by the caller could
   > claim negligence on the part of the example.com identity server and
   > sue for damages.

   I'm pretty sure that's not possible.  It's possible to sue the good
   guys, in the local country - but it's quite hard if not impossible
   for me to sue some enterprise in Thailand, for example.  I don't
   know if verisign/thawte/etc. would give them a cert, but since
   we're not mandating specific "SIP 4474" certs and they can use the
   domain cert they legitimately got for web, I don't see how my UA is
   to know any better about their's than softarmor.com's
   cert. (without whitelists)

   But more importantly, if you're thinking these things would truly
   have *legal* ramification, then my guess is no "good-guys" would
   touch signing with 4474 with a ten foot pole, ever.  Do DKIM email
   signatures have such legal implications?

I think we're losing sight of the context...  *If* people who receive
calls actually care about authenticating the identity of callers via
SIP mechanisms (rather than by recognizing voices, or originating the
call themselves, etc.), then they're going to start depending on RFC
4474, etc.  And once they start depending on that, bad guys will start
trying to exploit that dependency, especially by exploiting identity
services that do not enforce identification effectively.  Indeed, we
can expect bad guys to set up identity services specifically for this
purpose.  At that point, people will discover the hard way that some
identity services are unreliable, so they will start whitelisting
identity services and/or CAs that reliably enforce reliability on
identity services.

The sort of reputation that has wide public trust will come to be seen
as a valuable asset, and identity services with that sort of
reputation (of which there won't be many) will charge signficant money
for their services.

Within that context, a PSTN gateway will not routinely apply
identification based on caller ID from an identity service which is
widely trusted - they can't determine the identity well enough, and
nobody is going to pay for it.

Now please excuse me, I have to go wire $10,000 to a government
officer in Nigeria who needs it to finance the payment of a legacy to
a distant cousin of mine.  (I can trust him, his From identity was
certified by the Nigerian government!)

Dale
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr  8 15:46:47 2008
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: <Dale.Worley@comcast.net>, <sip@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
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Didn't we go through this already?

If it says sip:+123456789@cisco.com, it's effectively a user
in domain cisco.com with name "+123456789".

If it says sip:+123456789@cisco.com;user=phone, it's effectively
a phone number derived from a Tel URI that is currently being routed
in cisco.com domain. But don't count on the domain to be authoritative
of the phone number.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Dale.Worley@comcast.net
> Sent: Tuesday, April 08, 2008 14:31
> To: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
> 
>    From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
> 
>    The problem is the changing of domain part as the E.164-based URI
>    traverses service providers, so that it no longer 
> represents the true
>    origin of the request.
> 
> Well, yes.  If you change the domain part of a URI as it 
> traverses service providers, you're going to break things.  
> If you mean "what the user +123456789 means in cisco.com's 
> domain", say <sip:+123456789@cisco.com>.  If you mean "what 
> the user +123456789 means in siemens.com's domain", say 
> <sip:+123456789@siemens.com>.  And there's no reason to 
> believe that there is any relationship between the two -- 
> unless you have authoritative information about *both* domains.
> 
> If you mean "the E.164 number +123456789", say <tel:+123456789>.
> 
> I don't see anything that will go wrong if people pay 
> attention to what URIs are defined to mean.
> 
> Now there is a problem with signing tel: URIs, how do you 
> determine that the signer has the authority to sign a 
> particular tel: URI, but that's a delegation-of-authority 
> problem that is not inherently different from other 
> delegation-of-authority problems -- you need a publicly-known 
> root authority and a tree of delegations.
> 
> Dale
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip 
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
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Subject: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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...
> Well, yes.  If you change the domain part of a URI as it traverses
> service providers, you're going to break things.  If you mean "what
> the user +123456789 means in cisco.com's domain", say
> <sip:+123456789@cisco.com>.  If you mean "what the user +123456789
> means in siemens.com's domain", say <sip:+123456789@siemens.com>.
> And there's no reason to believe that there is any relationship
> between the two -- unless you have authoritative information about
> *both* domains.

If those URIs included ";user=phone", there is a transitive 
relationship between the SIP URI and the TEL URI.  Without
";user=phone", I agree that no meaning is supposed to be applied 
to the user-part (the part to the left of the "@").

> If you mean "the E.164 number +123456789", say <tel:+123456789>.
>
> I don't see anything that will go wrong if people pay attention 
> to what URIs are defined to mean.
>
> Now there is a problem with signing tel: URIs, how do you determine
> that the signer has the authority to sign a particular tel: URI, but
> that's a delegation-of-authority problem that is not inherently
> different from other delegation-of-authority problems -- you need a
> publicly-known root authority and a tree of delegations.

That is one approach to determining who owns something.

I have a different approach, which I derived from how we determine if 
someone owns an IP address when we receive a TCP SYN that is 
proportedly from that IP address:  challange them to prove that 
packets route the other way.  Afterall, the Internet does not have
a central authority for who owns an IP address (or else we could
secure BGP routing better than we secure it today).

In SIP, you accomplish something similar to the TCP SYN cookie by
sending a SIP request towards the E.164, asking them to sign the 
request and return it to you.  Details are in 
draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt and comments are welcome.

-d

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Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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On Apr 8, 2008, at 4:16 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
> I believe the mechanism people are looking for is to get the params  
> from UAC to UAS, UNLESS the UAS identity changes (ie, it is  
> retargeted), in which case it should NOT deliver the UAC's original  
> but rather the ones of the retargeter.

Ok, in this scenario, is "contact routing" at the proxy a   
retargeting? I'm guessing not.

What about originating side operations, like a speed-dial application?

What about parameters inserted by a proxy?

--
Dean

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On Apr 8, 2008, at 5:14 PM, Dale.Worley@comcast.net wrote:
>
> I think we're losing sight of the context...  *If* people who receive
> calls actually care about authenticating the identity of callers via
> SIP mechanisms (rather than by recognizing voices, or originating the
> call themselves, etc.), then they're going to start depending on RFC
> 4474, etc.  And once they start depending on that, bad guys will start
> trying to exploit that dependency, especially by exploiting identity
> services that do not enforce identification effectively.  Indeed, we
> can expect bad guys to set up identity services specifically for this
> purpose.  At that point, people will discover the hard way that some
> identity services are unreliable, so they will start whitelisting
> identity services and/or CAs that reliably enforce reliability on
> identity services.

I'm with you so far. Consequence: No "reliable" identity service will  
assert an identity with a phone number in it.,

But we NEED them to do so, otherwise we can't detect MITM attacks that  
affect both signaling and media.

catch 22.

>
>
> The sort of reputation that has wide public trust will come to be seen
> as a valuable asset, and identity services with that sort of
> reputation (of which there won't be many) will charge signficant money
> for their services.
>

To whom? The user of the identity being authenticated, or the consumer  
of the authentication?

Note that "quality" certs today aren't cheap. I don't have one.


> Within that context, a PSTN gateway will not routinely apply
> identification based on caller ID from an identity service which is
> widely trusted - they can't determine the identity well enough, and
> nobody is going to pay for it.

So are you saying that the gateway's calls won't get Identity headers,  
or that they will, but they'll be signed using a bogus or less-trusted  
cert than would be used for calls originating from IP  terminals that  
support strong authentication?


>
> Now please excuse me, I have to go wire $10,000 to a government
> officer in Nigeria who needs it to finance the payment of a legacy to
> a distant cousin of mine.  (I can trust him, his From identity was
> certified by the Nigerian government!)

Can you please ask him about Barrister James and the million he was  
supposed to wire me for my new startup? We're launching a SIP  
Authentication Service, "allur419srus.com". It will be widely trusted.  
But James hasn't called back since I advanced his legal fees.


--
Dean

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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
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Date: Tue, 8 Apr 2008 22:15:57 -0400
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>
> On Apr 8, 2008, at 4:16 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> > I believe the mechanism people are looking for is to get the params
> > from UAC to UAS, UNLESS the UAS identity changes (ie, it is
> > retargeted), in which case it should NOT deliver the UAC's original
> > but rather the ones of the retargeter.
>
> Ok, in this scenario, is "contact routing" at the proxy a
> retargeting? I'm guessing not.

Nope, if it is simply sending it to the same UA "identity" (such as the case when it contact-routes to a registered contact of the AoR identified by the req-uri) then it's not retargeting.  Under Christer's proposal, the Target header remains unchanged from whatever it was before that proxy, but req-uri still gets swapped to registered contact; under Jonathan's the req-uri is left alone and a Route header inserted for the registered contact-uri.

I think both of them generally assume the same model for what makes up retargeting vs. not.  Though it's not clear to me exactly how the proxies can know it.  For example if a proxy receives a req-uri for "sip:sales@acme.com", would routing it to "sip:joe@acme.com" based on an ACD list be a retarget or not?  What about sending it to "sip:acme.com" and it being routed to a receptionist?


> What about originating side operations, like a speed-dial application?

I'm not sure I understand why that's different than slow-dialing?  I personally don't know what applications need this req-uri param stuff in particular. (I assume so things like Refers and 3xx can expect the params they use to reach the new target)


> What about parameters inserted by a proxy?

Inserted into the req-uri?  Good question... for the authors. :)

-hadriel
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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References: <200803251629.m2PGTC0N025942@dragon.ariadne.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066D81@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><28F05913385EAC43AF019413F674A0171246ED51@OCCLUST04EVS1.ugd.att.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066D85@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><18414.14946.299667.816439@harjus.tutpro.com><1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF15D57E04@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com><47B2061B1E5E494B96AA40008300D850371EB4@esealmw109.eemea.ericsson.se><1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF15DABF84@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com><47B2061B1E5E494B96AA40008300D8503A2F4B@esealmw109.eemea.ericsson.se><1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF15DEE1D7@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066E01@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF15E39032@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066E12@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF15EB7DF4@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com><47F55014.9040408@cisco.com><1ECE0EB50388174!790F9694F7752!
	! ! ! 2 CCF 15 EB7 F 8A@z rc2
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From: "Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
To: "Hadriel Kaplan" <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>,
	"Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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Hi, 

>>>I believe the mechanism people are looking for is to get the params 
>>>from UAC to UAS, UNLESS the UAS identity changes (ie, it is 
>>>retargeted), in which case it should NOT deliver the UAC's original 
>>>but rather the ones of the retargeter.
>>
>>Ok, in this scenario, is "contact routing" at the proxy a retargeting?

>>I'm guessing not.
>
>Nope, if it is simply sending it to the same UA "identity" (such as the
case when it contact-routes to a registered 
>contact of the AoR identified by the req-uri) then it's not
retargeting.  Under Christer's proposal, the Target header 
>remains unchanged from whatever it was before that proxy, but req-uri
still gets swapped to registered contact; under 
>Jonathan's the req-uri is left alone and a Route header inserted for
the registered contact-uri.
>
>I think both of them generally assume the same model for what makes up
retargeting vs. not.

Correct.

Subclause 3.1 of the Target draft also says:

"The terms reroute, translate/translation and retarget are understood as
defined in draft-rosenberg-sip-ua-loose-route-01 [8]."

Regards,

Christer

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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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   From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>

   If those URIs included ";user=phone", there is a transitive 
   relationship between the SIP URI and the TEL URI.  Without
   ";user=phone", I agree that no meaning is supposed to be applied 
   to the user-part (the part to the left of the "@").

True.  In that case, we have SIP URIs which are essentially aliases
for tel URIs.  But in that case, any signing should be of the
fundamental tel URI, which then obviates the problem with an SBC that
translates one alias-URI into another.

   In SIP, you accomplish something similar to the TCP SYN cookie by
   sending a SIP request towards the E.164, asking them to sign the 
   request and return it to you.  Details are in 
   draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt and comments are welcome.

It seems like this mechanism is at most as certain as the E.164
mapping that it uses for the "reverse direction".  I gather from the
Enum people there is some trouble with that.

It seems to me that in practice, people don't validate requestors by
checking their apparent IP address, but rather by whether they can
present certificates.  But that is probably an issue that has been
hashed over before...

Dale
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Rohan Mahy <rohan.mahy@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 8 Apr 2008 22:48:05 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] Comments on sip-outbound-13
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Rohan Mahy [mailto:rohan.mahy@gmail.com]
>
> Paul K had an extension to reg-event for GRUU.  I think his document
> would be a logical place to clarify since GRUU depends on outbound.

It does? Geesh. What a tangled web of dependencies we weave. ;)


> >  2) If a Register is 3xx redirected, does the new retargeted Register
> use the same reg-id, even though it's a different "flow"? (I assume so)  I
> ask because some people use 3xx for Registers to load-balance or perform
> anycasting.  It may be good to add this to end of section 4.2.1.
>
> Yes, the UA uses the same reg-id.  It uses the the reg-id to indicate
> that this is (for example) my "2nd logical flow" to my registrar or
> the logical flow over my "cellular interface".  Can you suggest
> something here or point out the specific part that is confusing.?

I ask because one could get a 3xx for Register at any time, for example while there is an established dialog over that flow.  (but it would be weird, and we can't account for all bizarre corner cases)
At the end of section 4.2.1, add:
"If the registering UA receives a 3xx response to the REGISTER request, such that it moves its registration "flow", it SHOULD reuse the same reg-id value for the moved REGISTER."


> >  6) Page 12, Section 4.1:
> >  "It also provides an easy way to guarantee uniqueness within the AOR."
> I'm a bit confused by that, because I don't believe we're saying one UA
> instance only ever represents one AoR. (ie, multiple AoR's registered on
> the same UA will have the same registered contact instance)  Recommend
> removing or rewording.
>
> I don't see the confusion.  _Within_ the AOR, the instance-id provides
> further disambiguation.  I can absolutely use the instance with more
> than one AOR.

Ahh, then maybe it's a missing comma that screwed me up.  Should be:
"It also provides an easy way to guarantee uniqueness, within the AoR, when multiple UA's are registered for the same AOR."
Otherwise to me it looked like it was claiming the instance guaranteed uniqueness [to] the AoR.


>
> >  9) Page 16, Section 4.3:
> >    ... For TLS protocols, there MUST also
> >    be a match between the host production in the next hop and one of the
> >    URIs contained in the subjectAltName in the peer certificate.
> >  s/production in/resolved for/
>
> I don't think your proposed rewording is correct.  Perhaps s/next
> hop/next hop URI/ ?

OK.  Is "production" a common use for it?  Maybe s/production in/portion of/ as well as your URI addition?


> >  10) Page 18, Section 4.4.1:
> >    A User Agent that forms flows, checks if the configured URI to which
> >    the UA is connecting resolves to a stream-based transport (ex:  TCP
> >    and TLS over TCP).
> >  That's confusing, because double-CRLF is used for connection-oriented
> transports period, not only stream-based ones (ie, also used for SCTP).
> And no statement is made about why it checks for stream-based, so I
> recommend removing it or clarifying.
>
> How about:
> s/stream-based/connection-oriented/  ?

Cool with me.

-hadriel
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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   From: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>

   So are you saying that the gateway's calls won't get Identity headers,  
   or that they will, but they'll be signed using a bogus or less-trusted  
   cert than would be used for calls originating from IP  terminals that  
   support strong authentication?

It seems to me that any identity mechanism of the sort we have been
discussing will be used only in specialized cases where strong
indentity assurance are needed and can be provided, and that it is
likely that gateways won't use it at all, nor will most organizations.

Dale
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To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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One thing is troubling me in this discussion:

What are these parameters? Who is inserting them, and why?

In my world view clients don't *generate* URIs. Rather they use URIs 
that have been given to them, or that they have looked up in some public 
registry. URIs are *created* by the recipient.

In this regard they are much like postal addresses. Part of a postal 
address is routing, like the domain name in a URI. But the rest is like 
the user part of a URI. If you start sticking extra stuff into a postal 
address, the post office might get it to the right mailbox, but its 
likely to be tossed in the trash, or the extra stuff ignored.

By that logic, parameters on a URI should not be passed along when a 
request is retargeted. The parameters are meaningful, if at all, to the 
retargeter. It may in fact use them to decide where to retarget. But by 
the same logic it shouldn't be attaching them to the retargeted URI 
because that amounts to constructing a URI for someone else. It should 
only be selecting among URIs its been given as new targets.

	Paul

Dean Willis wrote:
> On Apr 8, 2008, at 4:16 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> I believe the mechanism people are looking for is to get the params  
>> from UAC to UAS, UNLESS the UAS identity changes (ie, it is  
>> retargeted), in which case it should NOT deliver the UAC's original  
>> but rather the ones of the retargeter.
> 
> Ok, in this scenario, is "contact routing" at the proxy a   
> retargeting? I'm guessing not.
> 
> What about originating side operations, like a speed-dial application?
> 
> What about parameters inserted by a proxy?
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Dale.Worley@comcast.net
> Sent: Tuesday, April 08, 2008 7:31 PM
> To: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
>    From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
> 
>    If those URIs included ";user=phone", there is a transitive 
>    relationship between the SIP URI and the TEL URI.  Without
>    ";user=phone", I agree that no meaning is supposed to be applied 
>    to the user-part (the part to the left of the "@").
> 
> True.  In that case, we have SIP URIs which are essentially aliases
> for tel URIs.  But in that case, any signing should be of the
> fundamental tel URI, which then obviates the problem with an SBC that
> translates one alias-URI into another.

But the only mechanism we have to sign, RFC4474, does not provide a
way to sign a tel URI.

>    In SIP, you accomplish something similar to the TCP SYN cookie by
>    sending a SIP request towards the E.164, asking them to sign the 
>    request and return it to you.  Details are in 
>    draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt and comments are welcome.
> 
> It seems like this mechanism is at most as certain as the E.164
> mapping that it uses for the "reverse direction".  I gather from the
> Enum people there is some trouble with that.

I don't understand your statement; draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt 
does not use ENUM, rather it uses the same routing that the SIP
network (of proxies, B2BUAs, and SBCs) uses.

> It seems to me that in practice, people don't validate requestors by
> checking their apparent IP address, but rather by whether they can
> present certificates.  But that is probably an issue that has been
> hashed over before...

draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt does not have people perform the
reverse routability check.  The reverse routability check happens
without the users noticing, as part of validating that an E.164
request that just arrived would have a new request (towards that
same E.164) routing in the same direction.

-d

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Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Dale,

Suppose you are building a sip adapter for black phones. (Well, black 
phones with a callerid display.)

What criteria should it use before displaying the callerid of the 
incoming call?

It is restricted by hardware and convention regarding what it displays - 
generally just digits for the number. The customer is going to be upset 
if he just replaced a pstn phone, and isn't getting callerid from the 
same callers he used to get it from. OTOH, the phone is likely to be 
worried about trusting From - its just too easy to forge.

	Paul

Dale.Worley@comcast.net wrote:
>    From: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
> 
>    So are you saying that the gateway's calls won't get Identity headers,  
>    or that they will, but they'll be signed using a bogus or less-trusted  
>    cert than would be used for calls originating from IP  terminals that  
>    support strong authentication?
> 
> It seems to me that any identity mechanism of the sort we have been
> discussing will be used only in specialized cases where strong
> indentity assurance are needed and can be provided, and that it is
> likely that gateways won't use it at all, nor will most organizations.
> 
> Dale
> _______________________________________________
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> 
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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From: "Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>,
	"Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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Hi,

IF the problem was to provide URI parameters "end-to-end", independent
of re-targets etc, I think that could be solved using the To header.

The ua-loose-route draft says:

"When a SIP call is forwarded (also known as retargeting), the actual
target of the address changes completely,
but the To field does not."

In addition, the draft says:

"When a retargeting operation happens, the URI that needs to be
delivered to the UAS is the SIP address or name
after the most recent retargeting operation."

...and I think that is what Paul is also saying.

Regards,

Christer


 

-----Original Message-----
From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Paul Kyzivat
Sent: 9. huhtikuuta 2008 7:07
To: Dean Willis
Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"

One thing is troubling me in this discussion:

What are these parameters? Who is inserting them, and why?

In my world view clients don't *generate* URIs. Rather they use URIs
that have been given to them, or that they have looked up in some public
registry. URIs are *created* by the recipient.

In this regard they are much like postal addresses. Part of a postal
address is routing, like the domain name in a URI. But the rest is like
the user part of a URI. If you start sticking extra stuff into a postal
address, the post office might get it to the right mailbox, but its
likely to be tossed in the trash, or the extra stuff ignored.

By that logic, parameters on a URI should not be passed along when a
request is retargeted. The parameters are meaningful, if at all, to the
retargeter. It may in fact use them to decide where to retarget. But by
the same logic it shouldn't be attaching them to the retargeted URI
because that amounts to constructing a URI for someone else. It should
only be selecting among URIs its been given as new targets.

	Paul

Dean Willis wrote:
> On Apr 8, 2008, at 4:16 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> I believe the mechanism people are looking for is to get the params 
>> from UAC to UAS, UNLESS the UAS identity changes (ie, it is 
>> retargeted), in which case it should NOT deliver the UAC's original 
>> but rather the ones of the retargeter.
> 
> Ok, in this scenario, is "contact routing" at the proxy a   
> retargeting? I'm guessing not.
> 
> What about originating side operations, like a speed-dial application?
> 
> What about parameters inserted by a proxy?
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr  8 22:27:40 2008
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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At Tue, 8 Apr 2008 17:01:40 -0700,
Dan Wing wrote:
> > If you mean "the E.164 number +123456789", say <tel:+123456789>.
> >
> > I don't see anything that will go wrong if people pay attention 
> > to what URIs are defined to mean.
> >
> > Now there is a problem with signing tel: URIs, how do you determine
> > that the signer has the authority to sign a particular tel: URI, but
> > that's a delegation-of-authority problem that is not inherently
> > different from other delegation-of-authority problems -- you need a
> > publicly-known root authority and a tree of delegations.
> 
> That is one approach to determining who owns something.
> 
> I have a different approach, which I derived from how we determine if 
> someone owns an IP address when we receive a TCP SYN that is 
> proportedly from that IP address:  challange them to prove that 
> packets route the other way.  Afterall, the Internet does not have
> a central authority for who owns an IP address (or else we could
> secure BGP routing better than we secure it today).
>
> In SIP, you accomplish something similar to the TCP SYN cookie by
> sending a SIP request towards the E.164, asking them to sign the 
> request and return it to you.  Details are in 
> draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt and comments are welcome.

While withholding judgement on draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01, I don't
think this is that accurate a description of what can be inferred
from the fact that a peer can complete a TCP connection initiated with
a given source IP address.

As you say, in order to allow a TCP connection to be established,
the passive endpoint requires the active endpoint to prove 
(for some value of prove) that it received the passive endpoint's
SYN/ACK by ACKing the passive endpoint's ISN. This arguably serves
at least two security purposes:

- Prevention of DoS: TCP connections consume resources on the
  client. Forcing the client to ACK the ISN prevents blind
  resource consumption attacks on the passive endpoint.
  (This can also be combined with a stateless cookie technique,
  aka SYN cookies) to produce a system where no state is consumed
  on the passive endpoint until the liveness check is passed.

- Endpoint authentication: the ability of the active endpoint
  to ACK the ISN demonstrates that the active endpoint is on-path
  from the passive endpoint to the claimed initiating source
  IP address.

This second guarantee is very weak for three reasons:

(1) Many TCP stacks do not use sufficiently random PRNGs to
    generate the ISN, in which case sequence number prediction
    attacks are a real problem.
(2) Even if the ISN is randomly generated, there are only
    32 bits of ISN, so it's at least theoretically possible
    to guess it in a blind attack (though of course very
    expensive).
(3) Even if we ignore the previous two considerations, 
    all that the ability to ACK the ISN indicates is that
    the attacker is on-path. There are many situations
    in which an attacker is on-path (wireless being a 
    commonly cited case).

It's precisely for these reasons that one cannot use source IP
authentication for TCP connections on the public Internet, that
mechanisms such as .rhosts are deprecated, and that cryptographic
mechanisms such as IPsec were designed.

Incidentally, this third deficiency seems to me to be shared
by draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc. Any attacker who is on path 
between the relying party and the target of the return
routability check (either because they are on-path in
the SIP routing fabric or because they are able to
observe one of the links) will be able to pass the return
routability check.

-Ekr



  
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To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>, sip-bounces@ietf.org,
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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+1

The reality is that while most of us may be aware that CallerID in the PSTN is easy to forge (and if you aren't, send me your number and I'll call you :-), the VAST majority of regular phone users actually *trust* the CallerID. So if a call comes in with the CallerID of your bank and you wind up talking to a very nice "representative", most folks will accept that as real. (I don't, but I am a paranoid security guy.)

SIP without strong identity just makes it that much more trivial to spoof CallerID. It's a wonderful playground for identity thieves, phishers, fraudsters and pranksters.

Dan
-- 
Dan York, CISSP, Director of Emerging Communication Technology
Office of the CTO    Voxeo Corporation     dyork@voxeo.com
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Bring your web applications to the phone.
Find out how at http://evolution.voxeo.com



-----Original Message-----
From: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>

Date: Wed, 09 Apr 2008 00:24:22 
To:Dale.Worley@comcast.net
Cc:sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN


Dale,

Suppose you are building a sip adapter for black phones. (Well, black
phones with a callerid display.)

What criteria should it use before displaying the callerid of the
incoming call?

It is restricted by hardware and convention regarding what it displays -
generally just digits for the number. The customer is going to be upset
if he just replaced a pstn phone, and isn't getting callerid from the
same callers he used to get it from. OTOH, the phone is likely to be
worried about trusting From - its just too easy to forge.

	Paul

Dale.Worley@comcast.net wrote:
>    From: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
>
>    So are you saying that the gateway's calls won't get Identity headers,
>    or that they will, but they'll be signed using a bogus or less-trusted
>    cert than would be used for calls originating from IP  terminals that
>    support strong authentication?
>
> It seems to me that any identity mechanism of the sort we have been
> discussing will be used only in specialized cases where strong
> indentity assurance are needed and can be provided, and that it is
> likely that gateways won't use it at all, nor will most organizations.
>
> Dale
> _______________________________________________
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>
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From: "Hans Erik van Elburg" <hanserik.van.elburg@ericsson.com>
To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>,
	"Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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This is also my understanding.

/Hans Erik 

-----Original Message-----
From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Paul Kyzivat
Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 6:07 AM
To: Dean Willis
Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"

One thing is troubling me in this discussion:

What are these parameters? Who is inserting them, and why?

In my world view clients don't *generate* URIs. Rather they use URIs
that have been given to them, or that they have looked up in some public
registry. URIs are *created* by the recipient.

In this regard they are much like postal addresses. Part of a postal
address is routing, like the domain name in a URI. But the rest is like
the user part of a URI. If you start sticking extra stuff into a postal
address, the post office might get it to the right mailbox, but its
likely to be tossed in the trash, or the extra stuff ignored.

By that logic, parameters on a URI should not be passed along when a
request is retargeted. The parameters are meaningful, if at all, to the
retargeter. It may in fact use them to decide where to retarget. But by
the same logic it shouldn't be attaching them to the retargeted URI
because that amounts to constructing a URI for someone else. It should
only be selecting among URIs its been given as new targets.

	Paul

Dean Willis wrote:
> On Apr 8, 2008, at 4:16 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> I believe the mechanism people are looking for is to get the params 
>> from UAC to UAS, UNLESS the UAS identity changes (ie, it is 
>> retargeted), in which case it should NOT deliver the UAC's original 
>> but rather the ones of the retargeter.
> 
> Ok, in this scenario, is "contact routing" at the proxy a   
> retargeting? I'm guessing not.
> 
> What about originating side operations, like a speed-dial application?
> 
> What about parameters inserted by a proxy?
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
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> 
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From: "Fischer, Kai" <kai.fischer@siemens.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com] 
> Sent: Dienstag, 8. April 2008 23:10
> To: Fischer, Kai; sip@ietf.org
> Cc: Elwell, John
> Subject: RE: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Fischer, Kai [mailto:kai.fischer@siemens.com] 
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 08, 2008 6:32 AM
> > To: Dan Wing; sip@ietf.org
> > Cc: Elwell, John
> > Subject: RE: [Sip] Migration from E.164 to email-style SIP URIs
> > 
> > Let's explore your proposal further regarding the problems 
> > discussed in
> > the other two threads (sorry for mixing the email threads 
> > now, but it is
> > close related to the migration proposal):
> > 
> > First problem: Weak PSTN numbers
> > Proposal
> > - Don't include the E.164 number in the signature if it was received
> > from the PSTN (certificate fingerprint is still protected 
> and bound to
> > the email-style SIP URI of SIP Gateway provided in 'email-identity')
> > - Include the E.164 number in the signature if not received from the
> > PSTN
> > That's independent from the concrete signing mechanism 
> except that RFC
> > 4474 does not cover the new header field
> > 
> > Second problem: SBC traversal
> > - If both identity information are signed it conflicts with SBCs
> > modifying SDP information and therefore need to change the 
> domain part
> > of the SIP URI in the From header as well
> > - If only the email-identity information is signed (by the 
> Wing/Kaplan
> > or Fischer draft), intermediary SBCs should not break the signature.
> > However, the E.164 number has PSTN security level only as 
> > assumed above,
> > but email-style is bound to certificate fingerprint and signed
> > 
> > An straw man extension to your proposal, which mitigates the SBC
> > traversal problem is to create two signatures. One signing the
> > email-identity including the certificate fingerprint and which is
> > protected end-to-end. The other one covering the From 
> header field and
> > which might re-newed during traversal by intermediaries. The
> > disadvantage are for sure two signing processes.
> 
> Sure, you could do that.
> 
> But at this point in time it seems there is little value in
> RFC4474 signatures if there are SBCs on the path; if the SBCs
> support RFC4474, they will have to re-sign the identity and
> will have to re-write the From.  In such a situation, RFC4474
> provides protection of SIP requests being modified between 
> the Service Provider (running the SBC) and yourself.  You can 
> achieve identical protection from the same attack by doing 
> SIP-over-(D)TLS with that same SBC, and not bothering with
> RFC4474 (or RFC4916) to/from that SBC.

I agree to that. The other way around, the second signature provides
additional benfit (end-to-end property) if RFC 4474 is used in that
scenarios for some reason. But that depends if the outcome of the 'RFC
4474 and SBC traversal' email thread is
- Yes, there is a problem which need to be fixed or
- No problem, RFC 4474 is applicable in these scenarios

Kai

> 
> (I would even go so far to say that, in the same case with 
> your provider running an SBC, running SIP-over-(D)TLS to that
> provider is superior to RFC4474 because SIP-over-(D)TLS 
> protects SIP responses; neither RFC4474 or RFC4916 protect 
> SIP responses.)
> 
> -d
> 
> 
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	rc2hxm0	.corp.nortel.com><18421.47305.126027.185083@harjus.tutpro.com>	<7A4F9554-7C45-4E65-8A10-FCD546032FF4@softarmor.com>	<47B2061B1E5E494B96AA40008300D8504437CF@esealmw109.eemea.ericsson.se>	<C0077FE7-A3FE-46F0-8CBC-D579BE84166B@softarmor.com>	<47B2061B1E5E494B96AA40008300D850479EBC@esealmw109.eemea.ericsson.se>	<BEF11B14-FD51-4960-B922-D6D3E31DBDDE@softarmor.com>	<47B2061B1E5E494B96AA40008300D8504AC05E@esealmw109.eemea.ericsson.se>	<B63E709C-D32B-43DA-B84F-93AB41B98CDE@softarmor.com>	<E6C2E8958BA59A4FB960963D475F7AC30BCBF3C0CD@mail.acmepacket.com><89214FFB-BFF8-4366-A3FB-120671DDD70F@softarmor.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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Christer Holmberg wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> IF the problem was to provide URI parameters "end-to-end", independent
> of re-targets etc, I think that could be solved using the To header.

Of course SBCs are inclined to change To headers also, so even they 
aren't safe. In fact, *nothing* is safe from an SBC.
(They are lurking behind every door and corner, waiting to mess up your 
message under the guise of "fixing" it.)

	Paul

> The ua-loose-route draft says:
> 
> "When a SIP call is forwarded (also known as retargeting), the actual
> target of the address changes completely,
> but the To field does not."
> 
> In addition, the draft says:
> 
> "When a retargeting operation happens, the URI that needs to be
> delivered to the UAS is the SIP address or name
> after the most recent retargeting operation."
> 
> ...and I think that is what Paul is also saying.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Christer
> 
> 
>  
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Paul Kyzivat
> Sent: 9. huhtikuuta 2008 7:07
> To: Dean Willis
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
> 
> One thing is troubling me in this discussion:
> 
> What are these parameters? Who is inserting them, and why?
> 
> In my world view clients don't *generate* URIs. Rather they use URIs
> that have been given to them, or that they have looked up in some public
> registry. URIs are *created* by the recipient.
> 
> In this regard they are much like postal addresses. Part of a postal
> address is routing, like the domain name in a URI. But the rest is like
> the user part of a URI. If you start sticking extra stuff into a postal
> address, the post office might get it to the right mailbox, but its
> likely to be tossed in the trash, or the extra stuff ignored.
> 
> By that logic, parameters on a URI should not be passed along when a
> request is retargeted. The parameters are meaningful, if at all, to the
> retargeter. It may in fact use them to decide where to retarget. But by
> the same logic it shouldn't be attaching them to the retargeted URI
> because that amounts to constructing a URI for someone else. It should
> only be selecting among URIs its been given as new targets.
> 
> 	Paul
> 
> Dean Willis wrote:
>> On Apr 8, 2008, at 4:16 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>> I believe the mechanism people are looking for is to get the params 
>>> from UAC to UAS, UNLESS the UAS identity changes (ie, it is 
>>> retargeted), in which case it should NOT deliver the UAC's original 
>>> but rather the ones of the retargeter.
>> Ok, in this scenario, is "contact routing" at the proxy a   
>> retargeting? I'm guessing not.
>>
>> What about originating side operations, like a speed-dial application?
>>
>> What about parameters inserted by a proxy?
>>
>> --
>> Dean
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
>> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use
> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
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References: <200803251629.m2PGTC0N025942@dragon.ariadne.com><CA9998CD4A020D418654FCDEF4E707DF05066E12@esealmw113.eemea.ericsson.se><1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF15EB7DF4@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com><47F55014.9040408@cisco.com>	<1ECE0EB50388174!790F9694F7752!!!
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	<47F CC285.80 10207@cisco.com>
From: "DOLLY, MARTIN C, ATTLABS" <mdolly@att.com>
To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>,
	"Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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Paul,

I do not think the question is where SBCs are, but rather where they are
not. The reality is a solution needs to address that, either that or the
forum developing a solution is not in touch with reality.

Martin 

-----Original Message-----
From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Paul Kyzivat
Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 9:20 AM
To: Christer Holmberg
Cc: sip@ietf.org; Dean Willis
Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"



Christer Holmberg wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> IF the problem was to provide URI parameters "end-to-end", independent
> of re-targets etc, I think that could be solved using the To header.

Of course SBCs are inclined to change To headers also, so even they 
aren't safe. In fact, *nothing* is safe from an SBC.
(They are lurking behind every door and corner, waiting to mess up your 
message under the guise of "fixing" it.)

	Paul

> The ua-loose-route draft says:
> 
> "When a SIP call is forwarded (also known as retargeting), the actual
> target of the address changes completely,
> but the To field does not."
> 
> In addition, the draft says:
> 
> "When a retargeting operation happens, the URI that needs to be
> delivered to the UAS is the SIP address or name
> after the most recent retargeting operation."
> 
> ...and I think that is what Paul is also saying.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Christer
> 
> 
>  
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Paul Kyzivat
> Sent: 9. huhtikuuta 2008 7:07
> To: Dean Willis
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
> 
> One thing is troubling me in this discussion:
> 
> What are these parameters? Who is inserting them, and why?
> 
> In my world view clients don't *generate* URIs. Rather they use URIs
> that have been given to them, or that they have looked up in some
public
> registry. URIs are *created* by the recipient.
> 
> In this regard they are much like postal addresses. Part of a postal
> address is routing, like the domain name in a URI. But the rest is
like
> the user part of a URI. If you start sticking extra stuff into a
postal
> address, the post office might get it to the right mailbox, but its
> likely to be tossed in the trash, or the extra stuff ignored.
> 
> By that logic, parameters on a URI should not be passed along when a
> request is retargeted. The parameters are meaningful, if at all, to
the
> retargeter. It may in fact use them to decide where to retarget. But
by
> the same logic it shouldn't be attaching them to the retargeted URI
> because that amounts to constructing a URI for someone else. It should
> only be selecting among URIs its been given as new targets.
> 
> 	Paul
> 
> Dean Willis wrote:
>> On Apr 8, 2008, at 4:16 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>> I believe the mechanism people are looking for is to get the params 
>>> from UAC to UAS, UNLESS the UAS identity changes (ie, it is 
>>> retargeted), in which case it should NOT deliver the UAC's original 
>>> but rather the ones of the retargeter.
>> Ok, in this scenario, is "contact routing" at the proxy a   
>> retargeting? I'm guessing not.
>>
>> What about originating side operations, like a speed-dial
application?
>>
>> What about parameters inserted by a proxy?
>>
>> --
>> Dean
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
>> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use
> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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To: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>, Christer Holmberg
	<christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Paul
> Kyzivat
>
> Christer Holmberg wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > IF the problem was to provide URI parameters "end-to-end", independent
> > of re-targets etc, I think that could be solved using the To header.
>
> Of course SBCs are inclined to change To headers also, so even they
> aren't safe. In fact, *nothing* is safe from an SBC.
> (They are lurking behind every door and corner, waiting to mess up your
> message under the guise of "fixing" it.)

Yes, what we're actually trying to do is secretly replace your URI's with Folger's crystals, to see if anyone can tell the difference.  Detecting it is pretty easy though - just look for "AYBABTU" in the URI.

-hadriel
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Cc: "sip@ietf.org" <sip@ietf.org>, Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>,
	Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>,
	Christer Holmberg <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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Call-Info: <http://preview.tinyurl.com/69rzz>

On Apr 9, 2008, at 9:42 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:

>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf  
>> Of Paul
>> Kyzivat
>>
>> Christer Holmberg wrote:
>>> Hi,
>>>
>>> IF the problem was to provide URI parameters "end-to-end",  
>>> independent
>>> of re-targets etc, I think that could be solved using the To header.
>>
>> Of course SBCs are inclined to change To headers also, so even they
>> aren't safe. In fact, *nothing* is safe from an SBC.
>> (They are lurking behind every door and corner, waiting to mess up  
>> your
>> message under the guise of "fixing" it.)
>
> Yes, what we're actually trying to do is secretly replace your URI's  
> with Folger's crystals, to see if anyone can tell the difference.   
> Detecting it is pretty easy though - just look for "AYBABTU" in the  
> URI.
>
> -hadriel
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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   From: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>

   Suppose you are building a sip adapter for black phones. (Well, black 
   phones with a callerid display.)

   What criteria should it use before displaying the callerid of the 
   incoming call?

That there is a From header.

People have just argued at great length that PSTN caller ID is not
trustable, so displaying a From header has the same level of security.

Dale

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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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   From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
   >    If those URIs included ";user=phone", there is a transitive 
   >    relationship between the SIP URI and the TEL URI.  Without
   >    ";user=phone", I agree that no meaning is supposed to be applied 
   >    to the user-part (the part to the left of the "@").
   > 
   > True.  In that case, we have SIP URIs which are essentially aliases
   > for tel URIs.  But in that case, any signing should be of the
   > fundamental tel URI, which then obviates the problem with an SBC that
   > translates one alias-URI into another.

   But the only mechanism we have to sign, RFC4474, does not provide a
   way to sign a tel URI.

OK, so we have several different URIs, sip:1234@domain;user=phone,
which are understood to be equivalent to tel:1234 and also to each
other, and because of that, SBCs feel free to translate each of these
into each other, but the signing mechanism generates signatures which
depend on which of these particular URIs is present.  So you have to
change either your signing mechanism to recognize the equivalence, or
your SBCs to stop exploiting the equivalence.

   >    In SIP, you accomplish something similar to the TCP SYN cookie by
   >    sending a SIP request towards the E.164, asking them to sign the 
   >    request and return it to you.  Details are in 
   >    draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt and comments are welcome.
   > 
   > It seems like this mechanism is at most as certain as the E.164
   > mapping that it uses for the "reverse direction".  I gather from the
   > Enum people there is some trouble with that.

   I don't understand your statement; draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt 
   does not use ENUM, rather it uses the same routing that the SIP
   network (of proxies, B2BUAs, and SBCs) uses.

Sorry, I don't understand.  You said "sending a SIP request towards
the E.164", by which I understand an Enum lookup.  Did you mean
"sending a SIP request towards a SIP URI which purposts to represent
an E.164"?

Once we start thinking about that, it opens the can of worms again, in
that validating sip:1234@xxx;user=phone is a different operation than
validating sip:1234@yyy;user=phone, so we can validate only one of
those two purportedly equivalent SIP URIs.  This seems to lead back to
the position that assuming those two URIs are equivalent for any
purpose is a Bad Idea, and therefore we should change the SBCs
behavior.

   > It seems to me that in practice, people don't validate requestors by
   > checking their apparent IP address, but rather by whether they can
   > present certificates.  But that is probably an issue that has been
   > hashed over before...

s/people/applications/

   draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt does not have people perform the
   reverse routability check.  The reverse routability check happens
   without the users noticing, as part of validating that an E.164
   request that just arrived would have a new request (towards that
   same E.164) routing in the same direction.

What I mean is that few security mechanisms that I know of depend on
determining that the purported origin of a message is its actual
origin.  In practice, applications use SSL, where identity is
determined by certificates presented.

Dale
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>,
	"Christer Holmberg" <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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Well, SBCs wouldn't replace the To headers if people actually populated them
properly with valid URIs (for phone numbers).

The vast majority of implementations that I've seen do NOT use useful To and
From headers for phone numbers. They don't use real Tel URIs (or Tel URIs embedded
in sip headers).

As a consequence, if somebody didn't fix them, you'd get all sorts of problems.
Including address books and call logs with wrong entries, which have the unfortunate
effect that trying to dial these numbers automatically often doesn't work. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Paul Kyzivat
> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 06:20
> To: Christer Holmberg
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Dean Willis
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
> 
> 
> 
> Christer Holmberg wrote:
> > Hi,
> > 
> > IF the problem was to provide URI parameters "end-to-end", 
> independent 
> > of re-targets etc, I think that could be solved using the To header.
> 
> Of course SBCs are inclined to change To headers also, so 
> even they aren't safe. In fact, *nothing* is safe from an SBC.
> (They are lurking behind every door and corner, waiting to 
> mess up your message under the guise of "fixing" it.)
> 
> 	Paul
> 
> > The ua-loose-route draft says:
> > 
> > "When a SIP call is forwarded (also known as retargeting), 
> the actual 
> > target of the address changes completely, but the To field 
> does not."
> > 
> > In addition, the draft says:
> > 
> > "When a retargeting operation happens, the URI that needs to be 
> > delivered to the UAS is the SIP address or name after the 
> most recent 
> > retargeting operation."
> > 
> > ...and I think that is what Paul is also saying.
> > 
> > Regards,
> > 
> > Christer
> > 
> > 
> >  
> > 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of 
> > Paul Kyzivat
> > Sent: 9. huhtikuuta 2008 7:07
> > To: Dean Willis
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
> > 
> > One thing is troubling me in this discussion:
> > 
> > What are these parameters? Who is inserting them, and why?
> > 
> > In my world view clients don't *generate* URIs. Rather they 
> use URIs 
> > that have been given to them, or that they have looked up in some 
> > public registry. URIs are *created* by the recipient.
> > 
> > In this regard they are much like postal addresses. Part of 
> a postal 
> > address is routing, like the domain name in a URI. But the rest is 
> > like the user part of a URI. If you start sticking extra 
> stuff into a 
> > postal address, the post office might get it to the right 
> mailbox, but 
> > its likely to be tossed in the trash, or the extra stuff ignored.
> > 
> > By that logic, parameters on a URI should not be passed 
> along when a 
> > request is retargeted. The parameters are meaningful, if at all, to 
> > the retargeter. It may in fact use them to decide where to 
> retarget. 
> > But by the same logic it shouldn't be attaching them to the 
> retargeted 
> > URI because that amounts to constructing a URI for someone else. It 
> > should only be selecting among URIs its been given as new targets.
> > 
> > 	Paul
> > 
> > Dean Willis wrote:
> >> On Apr 8, 2008, at 4:16 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >>> I believe the mechanism people are looking for is to get 
> the params 
> >>> from UAC to UAS, UNLESS the UAS identity changes (ie, it is 
> >>> retargeted), in which case it should NOT deliver the 
> UAC's original 
> >>> but rather the ones of the retargeter.
> >> Ok, in this scenario, is "contact routing" at the proxy a   
> >> retargeting? I'm guessing not.
> >>
> >> What about originating side operations, like a speed-dial 
> application?
> >>
> >> What about parameters inserted by a proxy?
> >>
> >> --
> >> Dean
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> >> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> >> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> >> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> >>
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip 
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)
Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Dale.Worley@comcast.net writes:

 > OK, so we have several different URIs, sip:1234@domain;user=phone,
 > which are understood to be equivalent to tel:1234 and also to each
 > other

this is not true.

-- juha
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From: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
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To: Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>,
	Christer Holmberg <christer.holmberg@ericsson.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
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Well, there is no incentive to put in the right thing if it will be 
changed anyway. And I have no confidence that it wouldn't be changed 
even if it was fine.

But I agree with your sentiment. IMO the proper To when "dialing" digits 
is a TEL URI. Unless of course you want a secure call, since there is no 
TELS.

	Paul

Francois Audet wrote:
> Well, SBCs wouldn't replace the To headers if people actually populated them
> properly with valid URIs (for phone numbers).
> 
> The vast majority of implementations that I've seen do NOT use useful To and
>>From headers for phone numbers. They don't use real Tel URIs (or Tel URIs embedded
> in sip headers).
> 
> As a consequence, if somebody didn't fix them, you'd get all sorts of problems.
> Including address books and call logs with wrong entries, which have the unfortunate
> effect that trying to dial these numbers automatically often doesn't work. 
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
>> Behalf Of Paul Kyzivat
>> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 06:20
>> To: Christer Holmberg
>> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Dean Willis
>> Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
>>
>>
>>
>> Christer Holmberg wrote:
>>> Hi,
>>>
>>> IF the problem was to provide URI parameters "end-to-end", 
>> independent 
>>> of re-targets etc, I think that could be solved using the To header.
>> Of course SBCs are inclined to change To headers also, so 
>> even they aren't safe. In fact, *nothing* is safe from an SBC.
>> (They are lurking behind every door and corner, waiting to 
>> mess up your message under the guise of "fixing" it.)
>>
>> 	Paul
>>
>>> The ua-loose-route draft says:
>>>
>>> "When a SIP call is forwarded (also known as retargeting), 
>> the actual 
>>> target of the address changes completely, but the To field 
>> does not."
>>> In addition, the draft says:
>>>
>>> "When a retargeting operation happens, the URI that needs to be 
>>> delivered to the UAS is the SIP address or name after the 
>> most recent 
>>> retargeting operation."
>>>
>>> ...and I think that is what Paul is also saying.
>>>
>>> Regards,
>>>
>>> Christer
>>>
>>>
>>>  
>>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
>> Behalf Of 
>>> Paul Kyzivat
>>> Sent: 9. huhtikuuta 2008 7:07
>>> To: Dean Willis
>>> Cc: sip@ietf.org
>>> Subject: Re: [Sip] Long: Thoughts on "retargeting proposals"
>>>
>>> One thing is troubling me in this discussion:
>>>
>>> What are these parameters? Who is inserting them, and why?
>>>
>>> In my world view clients don't *generate* URIs. Rather they 
>> use URIs 
>>> that have been given to them, or that they have looked up in some 
>>> public registry. URIs are *created* by the recipient.
>>>
>>> In this regard they are much like postal addresses. Part of 
>> a postal 
>>> address is routing, like the domain name in a URI. But the rest is 
>>> like the user part of a URI. If you start sticking extra 
>> stuff into a 
>>> postal address, the post office might get it to the right 
>> mailbox, but 
>>> its likely to be tossed in the trash, or the extra stuff ignored.
>>>
>>> By that logic, parameters on a URI should not be passed 
>> along when a 
>>> request is retargeted. The parameters are meaningful, if at all, to 
>>> the retargeter. It may in fact use them to decide where to 
>> retarget. 
>>> But by the same logic it shouldn't be attaching them to the 
>> retargeted 
>>> URI because that amounts to constructing a URI for someone else. It 
>>> should only be selecting among URIs its been given as new targets.
>>>
>>> 	Paul
>>>
>>> Dean Willis wrote:
>>>> On Apr 8, 2008, at 4:16 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>>>> I believe the mechanism people are looking for is to get 
>> the params 
>>>>> from UAC to UAS, UNLESS the UAS identity changes (ie, it is 
>>>>> retargeted), in which case it should NOT deliver the 
>> UAC's original 
>>>>> but rather the ones of the retargeter.
>>>> Ok, in this scenario, is "contact routing" at the proxy a   
>>>> retargeting? I'm guessing not.
>>>>
>>>> What about originating side operations, like a speed-dial 
>> application?
>>>> What about parameters inserted by a proxy?
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> Dean
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
>>>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
>>>> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
>>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
>>> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip 
>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>
> 
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Juha Heinanen wrote:
> Dale.Worley@comcast.net writes:
>
>  > OK, so we have several different URIs, sip:1234@domain;user=phone,
>  > which are understood to be equivalent to tel:1234 and also to each
>  > other
>
> this is not true.
>   

I was wondering about that... it sure doesn't seem to me that they're
the same thing at all because I have control of my sip: name space and
if I manufacture e.164-like addresses that's nobody's business but mine.


       Mike
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Juha Heinanen wrote:
> Dale.Worley@comcast.net writes:
> 
>  > OK, so we have several different URIs, sip:1234@domain;user=phone,
>  > which are understood to be equivalent to tel:1234 and also to each
>  > other
> 
> this is not true.

To what does "this" refer?

You are correct that these URIs aren't equivalent. But I think Dale is 
right that they are often "understood" to be equivalent, at least to the 
extent that SBCs feel free to translate among them at will, and phones 
feel free to display the number parts without regard for the domain part.

	Paul
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My concern is that accepting any old From and displaying the numeric 
part as callerid, will in fact lower the bar considerably from what it 
is in the PSTN today.

Of course I may be wrong about that. Perhaps the bar is already as low 
as it can go.

	Paul

Dale.Worley@comcast.net wrote:
>    From: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
> 
>    Suppose you are building a sip adapter for black phones. (Well, black 
>    phones with a callerid display.)
> 
>    What criteria should it use before displaying the callerid of the 
>    incoming call?
> 
> That there is a From header.
> 
> People have just argued at great length that PSTN caller ID is not
> trustable, so displaying a From header has the same level of security.
> 
> Dale
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Dean Willis wrote:
> On Apr 4, 2008, at 9:01 PM, Michael Thomas wrote:
>   
>> Wait a minute: are we talking about cross-domain Identity being
>> used as credentials to access voice mail in another domain? Because
>> if it's only within a given domain's administrative control, it can  
>> know
>> the name space layout through out of band means. That is, it can know
>> if the names that it generates to gateway e.164 addresses are bogus
>> addresses to get at voice  mail, etc.
>>
>> If it's the cross domain case, can you tell me the use case?
>>
>>     
>
> RFC 4474 is a cross-domain authenticator.
>
> Use case:
>
> sip:JoeBob@example.com calls his voice mail provider's message  
> retrieval box, sip:messages.example.net
>
> Since example.net trusts example.com's RFC 4474 assertions, the  
> voicemail box at messages.example.net does not authenticate JoeBobs'  
> request. Instead, it accepts on trust that example.com authenticated  
> him, and plays out JoeBob's messages.
>
> This is AFAIK a valid use case for RFC 4474.
>   

It's a _valid_ use case, but is it a _real_ use case? That is, is there
anybody out there using cross realm credentials in that way? Even
cellular isn't handled in that way because my sim is still with my
home provider even if I've roamed...

But even if that's the case, why would weakening the assertion
be useful? The two domains would obviously need to know quite
a bit about each other, so it's not clear to me why this
knowledge needs to be shipped inband.
> Now, assume JoeBob is instead named "180055511212@example.com". All of  
> the above works fine, until somebody calls into example.com's PSTN  
> gateway from a spoofed Caller-ID of "18005551212" and asks said  
> gateway to connect them to messages.example.net
>   

So just don't sign it. Or sign it as @example.com. Or just tell the voice
mail provider not to create voice mail boxes for users with e164@example.com
like addresses. This really seems tenuous to me, Dean.

       Mike
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From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Paul Kyzivat writes:

 > >  > OK, so we have several different URIs, sip:1234@domain;user=phone,
 > >  > which are understood to be equivalent to tel:1234 and also to each
 > >  > other
 > > 
 > > this is not true.
 > 
 > To what does "this" refer?

i don't have access to rfcs, but since the number in sip uri user part
is not a globally unique e.164 number (+...), it has no meaning without
the domain, i.e., tel:1234 means nothing.  there must be some tel uri
rfc, where this is explained.

-- juha
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Juha Heinanen wrote:
> Paul Kyzivat writes:
> 
>  > >  > OK, so we have several different URIs, sip:1234@domain;user=phone,
>  > >  > which are understood to be equivalent to tel:1234 and also to each
>  > >  > other
>  > > 
>  > > this is not true.
>  > 
>  > To what does "this" refer?
> 
> i don't have access to rfcs, but since the number in sip uri user part
> is not a globally unique e.164 number (+...), it has no meaning without
> the domain, i.e., tel:1234 means nothing.  there must be some tel uri
> rfc, where this is explained.

OK, if that is what you are objecting to. Agreed the example isn't a 
valid tel. But it is equally invalid in sip.

I was overlooking that, assuming the point was simply to show some tel: 
and corresponding sip, and wasn't about the precise form of the digits.

	Paul
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Eric Rescorla
> Sent: Tuesday, April 08, 2008 10:28 PM
> To: Dan Wing
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> At Tue, 8 Apr 2008 17:01:40 -0700,
> Dan Wing wrote:
> > > If you mean "the E.164 number +123456789", say <tel:+123456789>.
> > >
> > > I don't see anything that will go wrong if people pay attention 
> > > to what URIs are defined to mean.
> > >
> > > Now there is a problem with signing tel: URIs, how do you 
> determine
> > > that the signer has the authority to sign a particular 
> tel: URI, but
> > > that's a delegation-of-authority problem that is not inherently
> > > different from other delegation-of-authority problems -- 
> you need a
> > > publicly-known root authority and a tree of delegations.
> > 
> > That is one approach to determining who owns something.
> > 
> > I have a different approach, which I derived from how we 
> determine if 
> > someone owns an IP address when we receive a TCP SYN that is 
> > proportedly from that IP address:  challange them to prove that 
> > packets route the other way.  Afterall, the Internet does not have
> > a central authority for who owns an IP address (or else we could
> > secure BGP routing better than we secure it today).
> >
> > In SIP, you accomplish something similar to the TCP SYN cookie by
> > sending a SIP request towards the E.164, asking them to sign the 
> > request and return it to you.  Details are in 
> > draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt and comments are welcome.
> 
> While withholding judgement on draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01, I don't
> think this is that accurate a description of what can be inferred
> from the fact that a peer can complete a TCP connection initiated with
> a given source IP address.
> 
> As you say, in order to allow a TCP connection to be established,
> the passive endpoint requires the active endpoint to prove 
> (for some value of prove) that it received the passive endpoint's
> SYN/ACK by ACKing the passive endpoint's ISN. This arguably serves
> at least two security purposes:
> 
> - Prevention of DoS: TCP connections consume resources on the
>   client. Forcing the client to ACK the ISN prevents blind
>   resource consumption attacks on the passive endpoint.
>   (This can also be combined with a stateless cookie technique,
>   aka SYN cookies) to produce a system where no state is consumed
>   on the passive endpoint until the liveness check is passed.
> 
> - Endpoint authentication: the ability of the active endpoint
>   to ACK the ISN demonstrates that the active endpoint is on-path
>   from the passive endpoint to the claimed initiating source
>   IP address.
> 
> This second guarantee is very weak for three reasons:
> 
> (1) Many TCP stacks do not use sufficiently random PRNGs to
>     generate the ISN, in which case sequence number prediction
>     attacks are a real problem.
> (2) Even if the ISN is randomly generated, there are only
>     32 bits of ISN, so it's at least theoretically possible
>     to guess it in a blind attack (though of course very
>     expensive).

Fortunately SIP does not suffer from a 32-bit number space, so
(1) and (2) are not a limitation with draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc.

> (3) Even if we ignore the previous two considerations, 
>     all that the ability to ACK the ISN indicates is that
>     the attacker is on-path. There are many situations
>     in which an attacker is on-path (wireless being a 
>     commonly cited case).
> 
> It's precisely for these reasons that one cannot use source IP
> authentication for TCP connections on the public Internet, that
> mechanisms such as .rhosts are deprecated, and that cryptographic
> mechanisms such as IPsec were designed.
>
> Incidentally, this third deficiency seems to me to be shared
> by draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc. Any attacker who is on path 
> between the relying party and the target of the return
> routability check (either because they are on-path in
> the SIP routing fabric or because they are able to
> observe one of the links) will be able to pass the return
> routability check.

That is correct.

A signature generated by the originating domain (e.g., RFC4474)
would protect from such an on-path attacker -- unless of course 
the on-path attacker is also generated the original message 
and is also on-path for the return routability check.  

But, then, if the attacker is on-path for the return 
routability check, they already 'own' that E.164.  Ignoring
draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc for a minute, any normal INVITE 
for that E.164 will go to that very same attacker.

-d

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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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At Wed, 9 Apr 2008 11:22:33 -0700,
Dan Wing wrote:
> > (3) Even if we ignore the previous two considerations, 
> >     all that the ability to ACK the ISN indicates is that
> >     the attacker is on-path. There are many situations
> >     in which an attacker is on-path (wireless being a 
> >     commonly cited case).
> > 
> > It's precisely for these reasons that one cannot use source IP
> > authentication for TCP connections on the public Internet, that
> > mechanisms such as .rhosts are deprecated, and that cryptographic
> > mechanisms such as IPsec were designed.
> >
> > Incidentally, this third deficiency seems to me to be shared
> > by draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc. Any attacker who is on path 
> > between the relying party and the target of the return
> > routability check (either because they are on-path in
> > the SIP routing fabric or because they are able to
> > observe one of the links) will be able to pass the return
> > routability check.
> 
> That is correct.
> 
> A signature generated by the originating domain (e.g., RFC4474)
> would protect from such an on-path attacker -- unless of course 
> the on-path attacker is also generated the original message 
> and is also on-path for the return routability check.  
> 
> But, then, if the attacker is on-path for the return 
> routability check, they already 'own' that E.164.  Ignoring
> draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc for a minute, any normal INVITE 
> for that E.164 will go to that very same attacker.

Again, I'm not (at least not yet) passing judgment on this draft.
Rather, I'm observing that your characterization of the situation
with IP isn't really right. I'll have to read this draft more
carefully to determine whether I think it works.

-Ekr
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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>    From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
>    >    If those URIs included ";user=phone", there is a transitive 
>    >    relationship between the SIP URI and the TEL URI.  Without
>    >    ";user=phone", I agree that no meaning is supposed to 
> be applied 
>    >    to the user-part (the part to the left of the "@").
>    > 
>    > True.  In that case, we have SIP URIs which are 
> essentially aliases
>    > for tel URIs.  But in that case, any signing should be of the
>    > fundamental tel URI, which then obviates the problem 
> with an SBC that
>    > translates one alias-URI into another.
> 
>    But the only mechanism we have to sign, RFC4474, does not provide a
>    way to sign a tel URI.
> 
> OK, so we have several different URIs, sip:1234@domain;user=phone,
> which are understood to be equivalent to tel:1234 and also to each
> other, and because of that, SBCs feel free to translate each of these
> into each other, but the signing mechanism generates signatures which
> depend on which of these particular URIs is present.  So you have to
> change either your signing mechanism to recognize the equivalence, or
> your SBCs to stop exploiting the equivalence.

Yes, I agree.

>    >    In SIP, you accomplish something similar to the TCP 
> SYN cookie by
>    >    sending a SIP request towards the E.164, asking them 
> to sign the 
>    >    request and return it to you.  Details are in 
>    >    draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt and comments are welcome.
>    > 
>    > It seems like this mechanism is at most as certain as the E.164
>    > mapping that it uses for the "reverse direction".  I 
> gather from the
>    > Enum people there is some trouble with that.
> 
>    I don't understand your statement; draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt 
>    does not use ENUM, rather it uses the same routing that the SIP
>    network (of proxies, B2BUAs, and SBCs) uses.
> 
> Sorry, I don't understand.  You said "sending a SIP request towards
> the E.164", by which I understand an Enum lookup.  Did you mean
> "sending a SIP request towards a SIP URI which purposts to represent
> an E.164"?

draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt says to turn the SIP URI into a TEL URI,
and then generate a Return Routability Check (RRC) towards that TEL URI:

  "1.  Strip the domain name of the From:  of the incoming INVITE.  This
       results in a TEL URI.  For example,
       "sip:+14085551234@example.com;user=phone" is rewritten to
       "tel:+14085551212".

   2.  Rewrite the TEL URI to a SIP URI, following the Verifier's
       default routing rules.  For example, if outgoing calls are sent
       to the service provider example.net, then "tel:+14085551212" is
       rewritten to "sip:+14085551212@example.net;user=phone".

   3.  Generate a random nonce.

   4.  Using the SIP URI constructed in step (2), construct a SIP
       SUBSCRIBE message with Request-URI and To headers that use that
       SIP URI, and an "Expires" header of 0.  The SUBSCRIBE contains
       the random nonce in its body as Content-Type application/
       return-routability-nonce.

   5.  Send the SUBSCRIBE message.  This will cause the calling party to
       send a NOTIFY."

> Once we start thinking about that, it opens the can of worms again, in
> that validating sip:1234@xxx;user=phone is a different operation than
> validating sip:1234@yyy;user=phone, so we can validate only one of
> those two purportedly equivalent SIP URIs.  This seems to lead back to
> the position that assuming those two URIs are equivalent for any
> purpose is a Bad Idea, and therefore we should change the SBCs
> behavior.

(I assume the omission of "+" in those two URIs was an accident.)

If I receive two Invites on one day from

  (a)  sip:+1234@yyy;user=phone
and
  (b)  sip:+1234@xxx;user=phone 

I expect that they were both originated by someone who really does 'own' that
number.

If I turn the SIP URL into a TEL URI (tel:+1234), and route it using my
default routing rules, it could be routed somewhere else
(sip:+1234@zzz;user=phone), and then to somewhere else again
(sip:+1234@abcd;user=phone).  But as long as it eventually arrives at the same
place as (a) or (b) originated from -- then I am happy that my own outbound
SIP routing thinks that (a) or (b) really do "own" the E.164 number "+1234" --
because that is what my SIP routing says is true.

>    > It seems to me that in practice, people don't validate 
> requestors by
>    > checking their apparent IP address, but rather by 
> whether they can
>    > present certificates.  But that is probably an issue 
> that has been
>    > hashed over before...
> 
> s/people/applications/
> 
>    draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt does not have people perform the
>    reverse routability check.  The reverse routability check happens
>    without the users noticing, as part of validating that an E.164
>    request that just arrived would have a new request (towards that
>    same E.164) routing in the same direction.
> 
> What I mean is that few security mechanisms that I know of depend on
> determining that the purported origin of a message is its actual
> origin.  In practice, applications use SSL, where identity is
> determined by certificates presented.

Doing such would require something, somewhere, to assert who owns a certain
E.164.  I don't know how to do that.  An ENUM system cannot do that, because
of a pile of reasons (ITU politics, service provider business models, LNP, and
so on).  Certificate Authorities, at least as they currently exist, are not
capable of asserting that a company 'owns' a certain E.164 or a range of
E.164s.


draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc is my pragmatic approach to the problem at hand.  It
does not require ENUM, does not require CA's to assert who owns an E.164 -- it
uses SIP itself to test if the message was originated from the same place we
would route an E.164 call to.

-d

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> Again, I'm not (at least not yet) passing judgment on this draft.
> Rather, I'm observing that your characterization of the situation
> with IP isn't really right. I'll have to read this draft more
> carefully to determine whether I think it works.

Well, I only said I was inspired by SYN cookies; not that I was
trying to do Just As Good as SYN cookies.

-d

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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>, "Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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If if have a web page with sip:+12242@example.com;user=phone, and I click on
it should result in my default SIP app to make a call to +12242@example.com.

Example.com may route it to +12242@att.net or whatever.

If I have a web page with tel:+12242 and I click on it, my default
TELEPHONE app (which may not may not be SIP) should make a call to
+12242. If my default voice app happens to be SIP, then it will
send the request to my default outbound proxy.

So, Juha is right, those 2 URIs are very different.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Paul Kyzivat
> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 09:46
> To: Juha Heinanen
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> 
> 
> Juha Heinanen wrote:
> > Dale.Worley@comcast.net writes:
> > 
> >  > OK, so we have several different URIs, 
> sip:1234@domain;user=phone,  
> > > which are understood to be equivalent to tel:1234 and 
> also to each  
> > > other
> > 
> > this is not true.
> 
> To what does "this" refer?
> 
> You are correct that these URIs aren't equivalent. But I 
> think Dale is right that they are often "understood" to be 
> equivalent, at least to the extent that SBCs feel free to 
> translate among them at will, and phones feel free to display 
> the number parts without regard for the domain part.
> 
> 	Paul
> _______________________________________________
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> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip 
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Review of draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements-04
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Eric Rescorla
> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 6:14 PM
> To: sip@ietf.org; 
> draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements@tools.ietf.org
> Subject: [Sip] Review of draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements-04
> 
> $Id: draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements-04-rev.txt,v 
> 1.2 2008/04/05 00:53:27 ekr Exp $
> 
> This document seems to me to be in good shape.
> 
> I have the following comments about this document. None of 
> these are critical
> so I won't cry if they don't get made, and I don't want them to hold
> the document up if they're controversy.
> 
> 
> S 4.1.
>    which it is detect-attack, which provides protection against the
> 
> "which is"?

Fixed.

> 
>    before the SDP answer arrives) might make the requirements 
> to become
>    obsolete, but at the time of writing no progress has been
> 
> Not sure I know what this means: "to become obsolete" seems 
> ungramattical here. 

Changed to:

  Preventing the arrival of early media (i.e., media that 
  arrives at the SDP offerer before the SDP answer arrives) 
  might obsolete the R-AVOID-CLIPPING requirement, but at the 
  time of writing such early media exists in many normal call 
  scenarios.

> S 4.3.
> The entire section on shared key conferencing doesn't lead to any
> requirements as far as I can tell. Does it make sense to remove
> it from this document?

Right.  It seems useful to leave it in, as mentioned at the beginning
of the section:

   The consensus on the RTPSEC mailing list was to concentrate on
   unicast, point-to-point sessions.  Thus, there are no requirements
   related to shared key conferencing.  This section is retained for
   informational purposes.

if others agree it should be removed, I can remove it.

> S 5.1.
>    R-DISTINCT:
>          The media security key management protocol MUST be capble of
> s/capble/capable/

Fixed.

> S 5.3.
>    R-OTHER-SIGNALING:
>          A solution SHOULD be able to negotiate keys for SRTP sessions
>          created via different call signaling protocols (e.g., between
>          Jabber, SIP, H.323, MGCP).
> 
> This is not discussed anywhere in the document. I wonder if it makes
> sense to remove it.

I know that my employer's products interwork between SIP and MGCP (and 
our proprietary SCCP) with SRTP today -- all using Security Descriptions.

I know we have a need to meet this requirement with anything that 
replaces our Security Descriptions implementations.  I expect others
do, too.  

Would adding motivating text (in a new subsection 4.xxx) be useful?  I
had assumed the need was self-evident.

> Appendix A.
>    Based on how the SRTP keys are exchanged, each SRTP key exchange
>    mechanism belongs to one general category:
> 
> 
> 
>       signaling path:  All the keying is carried in the call signaling
> 
> Remove one blank line here.
> 
> 
> S A.1.12.
> It's a little weird to have the discussion of media path keying 
> properties here before you describe the systems.

I moved A.1.12 to a new section A.4.
 
> S A.1.12.2.
> The issues you raise about middleboxes and clipping apply equally
> to DTLS-SRTP and ZRTP, no?

ZRTP allows RTP to flow while the ZRTP exchange is happening, so ZRTP
should incur no clipping.

> S A.1.12.3.
> Again, I would think to remove this section.

This is the 'centralized keying' section, which is derived from the
conferencing discussion (for which we have no requirements in the
document -- only a non-normative discussion).

I will remove it, unless someone objects.

>       DTLS-SRTP
>          Keying: Yes, because with the assumed cipher suite,
>          TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, each end indicates 
> its SRTP key.
> 
> This statement is not correct. With all conventional TLS 
> modes, neither side completely controls either key.

Agreed.  It is in the removed section, so it's gone entirely anyway.


> 
> S A.1.13.1.
> The way you're using "public key cryptography" to mean "PKI" is not
> the normal terminology. DH is PKC. I would use PKI to indicate
> "certs are needed". So, for instance, SDP-DH and ZRTP definitely use
> PKC.

Ok.  Changed from:

   Using public key cryptography for confidentiality and authentication
   can introduce requirements for two types of systems: (1) a system to
   distribute public keys (often in the form of certificates), and (2) a
   system for validating certificates.

to:

   Requiring certificates for confidentiality and authentication 
   can introduce requirements for two types of systems: (1) a system to 
   distribute certificates, and (2) a system for validating certificates. 


>          PFS is achieved if the negotiated cipher suite includes an
>          exponential or discrete-logarithmic key exchange 
> (e.g., Diffie-
>          Hellman (DH_RSA from [RFC4346]) or Elliptic Curve Diffie-
>          Hellman [RFC4492]).
> 
> I don't know what "exponential or discrete logarithmic key exchange"
> means. After all, RSA involves exponentiation. Presumably you mean
> "something with ephemeral keys". This currently means discrete log
> over integer and elliptic curve fields, but could be RSA in principle.

Thanks.  I don't know where that text came from (it isn't my wording
but it was in my original -00).  Changed to:

      DTLS-SRTP
         PFS is provided if the negotiated cipher suite uses ephemeral
         keys (e.g., Diffie-Hellman (DH_RSA from [RFC4346]) or Elliptic
         Curve Diffie-Hellman [RFC4492]).

> S A.1.13.3.
> It's probably important to indicate that it is desirable to have
> the profile be RTP/SAVP when SRTP is used. That's a disadvantage
> of media path probing, for instance. I don't think that comes
> across clearly here.

There is a disadvantage with RTP/SAVP as the profile, as well, mentioned at
the beginning of that section -- just prior to the list of candidate
techniques.  

This section is titled Best Effort Encryption, and RTP/SAVP is not a candidate
technique to provide best effort encryption -- RTP/SAVP causes a call to fail
to complete if any of the remote forks or targets (during retargeting) rejects
the call because they don't understand that profile.  This is discussed at the
beginning of that section, in order to justify why we need best effort
encryption -- so that we can deploy SRTP without a priori knowledge of the
called party's deployment of RTP/SAVP-capable endpoints at that particular
moment.

> S A.3.2.
>    This document assumes DTLS will use 
> TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA as
>    its cipher suite, which is the mandatory-to-implement 
> cipher suite in
>    TLS [RFC4346].
> 
> I'm not sure what the relevance of this is.

This is relevant because I could have assumed a null cipher instead, which
would change much of the analysis.  If we use DH_RSA

> I guess RSA matters, but
> since we negotiate a separate protection profile for SRTP, 3DES/SHA
> isn't that relevant. Btw, TLS 1.2. will be AES.

Thanks, changed to:

   This document assumes DTLS will use TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA as
   its cipher suite, which is the mandatory-to-implement cipher suite in
   TLS [I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis].

> Note also that DTLS-SRTP is compatible with RTP before the DTLS
> handshake.

Only if the RTP profile is RTP/AVP; if the profile is RTP/SAVP, one expects
only SRTP.  Is there text that needs to change to note that in the
requirements doc?

-d


> 
> 
> 
> -Ekr
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 

_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
To: "'Francois Audet'" <audet@nortel.com>,
	"'Paul Kyzivat'" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>, "'Juha Heinanen'" <jh@tutpro.com>
References: <0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D09160BA@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><47F5EBDE.3070907@gmx.net><0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D0916122@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><200804082130.m38LUpUO004626@dragon.ariadne.com><3fa401c899d4$e3ec74a0$c5f0200a@cisco.com><200804090231.m392V1oX026567@dragon.ariadne.com><406b01c899f9$68c470f0$c5f0200a@cisco.com><200804091555.m39FtLa6020989@dragon.ariadne.com><18428.60275.209757.845202@taimen.test.fi><47FCF2BD.9010808@cisco.com>
	<1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF160A41B0@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com>
Date: Wed, 9 Apr 2008 18:20:23 -0700
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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What if I am trying to do video -- which cannot be done over the Internet
(unless you are insane and enjoy video delivered over an ISDN line,
naturally).

-d


> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Francois Audet
> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 4:55 PM
> To: Paul Kyzivat; Juha Heinanen
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> If if have a web page with sip:+12242@example.com;user=phone, 
> and I click on
> it should result in my default SIP app to make a call to 
> +12242@example.com.
> 
> Example.com may route it to +12242@att.net or whatever.
> 
> If I have a web page with tel:+12242 and I click on it, my default
> TELEPHONE app (which may not may not be SIP) should make a call to
> +12242. If my default voice app happens to be SIP, then it will
> send the request to my default outbound proxy.
> 
> So, Juha is right, those 2 URIs are very different.
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> > Behalf Of Paul Kyzivat
> > Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 09:46
> > To: Juha Heinanen
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > Juha Heinanen wrote:
> > > Dale.Worley@comcast.net writes:
> > > 
> > >  > OK, so we have several different URIs, 
> > sip:1234@domain;user=phone,  
> > > > which are understood to be equivalent to tel:1234 and 
> > also to each  
> > > > other
> > > 
> > > this is not true.
> > 
> > To what does "this" refer?
> > 
> > You are correct that these URIs aren't equivalent. But I 
> > think Dale is right that they are often "understood" to be 
> > equivalent, at least to the extent that SBCs feel free to 
> > translate among them at will, and phones feel free to display 
> > the number parts without regard for the domain part.
> > 
> > 	Paul
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip 
> > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr  9 19:46:03 2008
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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
To: "'Francois Audet'" <audet@nortel.com>
References: <0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D09160BA@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><47F5EBDE.3070907@gmx.net><0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D0916122@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><200804082130.m38LUpUO004626@dragon.ariadne.com><3fa401c899d4$e3ec74a0$c5f0200a@cisco.com><200804090231.m392V1oX026567@dragon.ariadne.com><406b01c899f9$68c470f0$c5f0200a@cisco.com><200804091555.m39FtLa6020989@dragon.ariadne.com><18428.60275.209757.845202@taimen.test.fi><47FCF2BD.9010808@cisco.com>
	<1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF160A41B0@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com>
Date: Wed, 9 Apr 2008 19:46:19 -0700
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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[resending with a correction; I had intended to say 'over the PSTN' (not 'over
the Internet').


What if I am trying to do video -- which cannot be done over the PSTN (unless
you are insane and enjoy video delivered over an ISDN line, naturally).

-d


> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Francois Audet
> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 4:55 PM
> To: Paul Kyzivat; Juha Heinanen
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>
> If if have a web page with sip:+12242@example.com;user=phone,
> and I click on
> it should result in my default SIP app to make a call to
> +12242@example.com.
>
> Example.com may route it to +12242@att.net or whatever.
>
> If I have a web page with tel:+12242 and I click on it, my default
> TELEPHONE app (which may not may not be SIP) should make a call to
> +12242. If my default voice app happens to be SIP, then it will
> send the request to my default outbound proxy.
>
> So, Juha is right, those 2 URIs are very different.
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > Behalf Of Paul Kyzivat
> > Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 09:46
> > To: Juha Heinanen
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> >
> >
> >
> > Juha Heinanen wrote:
> > > Dale.Worley@comcast.net writes:
> > >
> > >  > OK, so we have several different URIs,
> > sip:1234@domain;user=phone, 
> > > > which are understood to be equivalent to tel:1234 and
> > also to each 
> > > > other
> > >
> > > this is not true.
> >
> > To what does "this" refer?
> >
> > You are correct that these URIs aren't equivalent. But I
> > think Dale is right that they are often "understood" to be
> > equivalent, at least to the extent that SBCs feel free to
> > translate among them at will, and phones feel free to display
> > the number parts without regard for the domain part.
> >
> >     Paul
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> >
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip 


_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr  9 20:05:55 2008
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	<0f5c01c89ab5$0ec99870$c5f0200a@cisco.com>
From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Well, you can still do video over PSTN with H.320. I still view this as =
"telephony".

Not sure I understand the question.

----
Fran=E7ois AUDET, Nortel Networks
mailto:audet@nortel.com



-----Original Message-----
From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com]
Sent: Wed 09-Apr-08 7:46 PM
To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
Cc: sip@ietf.org; 'Paul Kyzivat'; 'Juha Heinanen'
Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
=20
[resending with a correction; I had intended to say 'over the PSTN' (not =
'over
the Internet').


What if I am trying to do video -- which cannot be done over the PSTN =
(unless
you are insane and enjoy video delivered over an ISDN line, naturally).

-d


> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Francois Audet
> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 4:55 PM
> To: Paul Kyzivat; Juha Heinanen
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>
> If if have a web page with sip:+12242@example.com;user=3Dphone,
> and I click on
> it should result in my default SIP app to make a call to
> +12242@example.com.
>
> Example.com may route it to +12242@att.net or whatever.
>
> If I have a web page with tel:+12242 and I click on it, my default
> TELEPHONE app (which may not may not be SIP) should make a call to
> +12242. If my default voice app happens to be SIP, then it will
> send the request to my default outbound proxy.
>
> So, Juha is right, those 2 URIs are very different.
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > Behalf Of Paul Kyzivat
> > Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 09:46
> > To: Juha Heinanen
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> >
> >
> >
> > Juha Heinanen wrote:
> > > Dale.Worley@comcast.net writes:
> > >
> > >  > OK, so we have several different URIs,
> > sip:1234@domain;user=3Dphone,=20
> > > > which are understood to be equivalent to tel:1234 and
> > also to each=20
> > > > other
> > >
> > > this is not true.
> >
> > To what does "this" refer?
> >
> > You are correct that these URIs aren't equivalent. But I
> > think Dale is right that they are often "understood" to be
> > equivalent, at least to the extent that SBCs feel free to
> > translate among them at will, and phones feel free to display
> > the number parts without regard for the domain part.
> >
> >     Paul
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> >
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip=20




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<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Well, you can still do video over PSTN with H.320. I =
still view this as &quot;telephony&quot;.<BR>
<BR>
Not sure I understand the question.<BR>
<BR>
----<BR>
Fran=E7ois AUDET, Nortel Networks<BR>
<A HREF=3D"mailto:audet@nortel.com">mailto:audet@nortel.com</A><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
-----Original Message-----<BR>
From: Dan Wing [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:dwing@cisco.com">mailto:dwing@cisco.com</A>]<BR>
Sent: Wed 09-Apr-08 7:46 PM<BR>
To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)<BR>
Cc: sip@ietf.org; 'Paul Kyzivat'; 'Juha Heinanen'<BR>
Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it<BR>
<BR>
[resending with a correction; I had intended to say 'over the PSTN' (not =
'over<BR>
the Internet').<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
What if I am trying to do video -- which cannot be done over the PSTN =
(unless<BR>
you are insane and enjoy video delivered over an ISDN line, =
naturally).<BR>
<BR>
-d<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
&gt; -----Original Message-----<BR>
&gt; From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org</A>] =
On<BR>
&gt; Behalf Of Francois Audet<BR>
&gt; Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 4:55 PM<BR>
&gt; To: Paul Kyzivat; Juha Heinanen<BR>
&gt; Cc: sip@ietf.org<BR>
&gt; Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it<BR>
&gt;<BR>
&gt; If if have a web page with sip:+12242@example.com;user=3Dphone,<BR>
&gt; and I click on<BR>
&gt; it should result in my default SIP app to make a call to<BR>
&gt; +12242@example.com.<BR>
&gt;<BR>
&gt; Example.com may route it to +12242@att.net or whatever.<BR>
&gt;<BR>
&gt; If I have a web page with tel:+12242 and I click on it, my =
default<BR>
&gt; TELEPHONE app (which may not may not be SIP) should make a call =
to<BR>
&gt; +12242. If my default voice app happens to be SIP, then it will<BR>
&gt; send the request to my default outbound proxy.<BR>
&gt;<BR>
&gt; So, Juha is right, those 2 URIs are very different.<BR>
&gt;<BR>
&gt; &gt; -----Original Message-----<BR>
&gt; &gt; From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org</A>] =
On<BR>
&gt; &gt; Behalf Of Paul Kyzivat<BR>
&gt; &gt; Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 09:46<BR>
&gt; &gt; To: Juha Heinanen<BR>
&gt; &gt; Cc: sip@ietf.org<BR>
&gt; &gt; Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it<BR>
&gt; &gt;<BR>
&gt; &gt;<BR>
&gt; &gt;<BR>
&gt; &gt; Juha Heinanen wrote:<BR>
&gt; &gt; &gt; Dale.Worley@comcast.net writes:<BR>
&gt; &gt; &gt;<BR>
&gt; &gt; &gt;&nbsp; &gt; OK, so we have several different URIs,<BR>
&gt; &gt; sip:1234@domain;user=3Dphone,<BR>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; which are understood to be equivalent to tel:1234 =
and<BR>
&gt; &gt; also to each<BR>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; other<BR>
&gt; &gt; &gt;<BR>
&gt; &gt; &gt; this is not true.<BR>
&gt; &gt;<BR>
&gt; &gt; To what does &quot;this&quot; refer?<BR>
&gt; &gt;<BR>
&gt; &gt; You are correct that these URIs aren't equivalent. But I<BR>
&gt; &gt; think Dale is right that they are often &quot;understood&quot; =
to be<BR>
&gt; &gt; equivalent, at least to the extent that SBCs feel free to<BR>
&gt; &gt; translate among them at will, and phones feel free to =
display<BR>
&gt; &gt; the number parts without regard for the domain part.<BR>
&gt; &gt;<BR>
&gt; &gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Paul<BR>
&gt; &gt; _______________________________________________<BR>
&gt; &gt; Sip mailing list&nbsp; <A =
HREF=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip">https://www.ietf.org/m=
ailman/listinfo/sip</A><BR>
&gt; &gt; This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol =
Use<BR>
&gt; &gt; sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current =
sip<BR>
&gt; &gt; Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application =
of sip<BR>
&gt; &gt;<BR>
&gt; _______________________________________________<BR>
&gt; Sip mailing list&nbsp; <A =
HREF=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip">https://www.ietf.org/m=
ailman/listinfo/sip</A><BR>
&gt; This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol<BR>
&gt; Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current =
sip<BR>
&gt; Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of =
sip<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
</FONT>
</P>

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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr  9 20:06:06 2008
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To: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
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At Wed, 9 Apr 2008 18:10:05 -0700,
Dan Wing wrote:

> >    before the SDP answer arrives) might make the requirements 
> > to become
> >    obsolete, but at the time of writing no progress has been
> > 
> > Not sure I know what this means: "to become obsolete" seems 
> > ungramattical here. 
> 
> Changed to:
> 
>   Preventing the arrival of early media (i.e., media that 
>   arrives at the SDP offerer before the SDP answer arrives) 
>   might obsolete the R-AVOID-CLIPPING requirement, but at the 
>   time of writing such early media exists in many normal call 
>   scenarios.

Looks good.


> > S 4.3.
> > The entire section on shared key conferencing doesn't lead to any
> > requirements as far as I can tell. Does it make sense to remove
> > it from this document?
> 
> Right.  It seems useful to leave it in, as mentioned at the beginning
> of the section:
> 
>    The consensus on the RTPSEC mailing list was to concentrate on
>    unicast, point-to-point sessions.  Thus, there are no requirements
>    related to shared key conferencing.  This section is retained for
>    informational purposes.
> 
> if others agree it should be removed, I can remove it.

I've got no real problem with leaving it in, I just wanted
to note it.

> > S 5.3.
> >    R-OTHER-SIGNALING:
> >          A solution SHOULD be able to negotiate keys for SRTP sessions
> >          created via different call signaling protocols (e.g., between
> >          Jabber, SIP, H.323, MGCP).
> > 
> > This is not discussed anywhere in the document. I wonder if it makes
> > sense to remove it.
> 
> I know that my employer's products interwork between SIP and MGCP (and 
> our proprietary SCCP) with SRTP today -- all using Security Descriptions.
> 
> I know we have a need to meet this requirement with anything that 
> replaces our Security Descriptions implementations.  I expect others
> do, too.  
> 
> Would adding motivating text (in a new subsection 4.xxx) be useful?  I
> had assumed the need was self-evident.

As a matter of form, I think it would be good to have a section
with motivating text.


> > S A.1.12.2.
> > The issues you raise about middleboxes and clipping apply equally
> > to DTLS-SRTP and ZRTP, no?
> 
> ZRTP allows RTP to flow while the ZRTP exchange is happening, so ZRTP
> should incur no clipping.

> > S A.1.13.1.
> > The way you're using "public key cryptography" to mean "PKI" is not
> > the normal terminology. DH is PKC. I would use PKI to indicate
> > "certs are needed". So, for instance, SDP-DH and ZRTP definitely use
> > PKC.
> 
> Ok.  Changed from:
> 
>    Using public key cryptography for confidentiality and authentication
>    can introduce requirements for two types of systems: (1) a system to
>    distribute public keys (often in the form of certificates), and (2) a
>    system for validating certificates.
> 
> to:
> 
>    Requiring certificates for confidentiality and authentication 
>    can introduce requirements for two types of systems: (1) a system to 
>    distribute certificates, and (2) a system for validating certificates. 

Looks good.

> > I don't know what "exponential or discrete logarithmic key exchange"
> > means. After all, RSA involves exponentiation. Presumably you mean
> > "something with ephemeral keys". This currently means discrete log
> > over integer and elliptic curve fields, but could be RSA in principle.
> 
> Thanks.  I don't know where that text came from (it isn't my wording
> but it was in my original -00).  Changed to:
> 
>       DTLS-SRTP
>          PFS is provided if the negotiated cipher suite uses ephemeral
>          keys (e.g., Diffie-Hellman (DH_RSA from [RFC4346]) or Elliptic
>          Curve Diffie-Hellman [RFC4492]).

s/DH_RSA/DHE_RSA/. DH_RSA means static keys.


> > S A.1.13.3.
> > It's probably important to indicate that it is desirable to have
> > the profile be RTP/SAVP when SRTP is used. That's a disadvantage
> > of media path probing, for instance. I don't think that comes
> > across clearly here.
> 
> There is a disadvantage with RTP/SAVP as the profile, as well, mentioned at
> the beginning of that section -- just prior to the list of candidate
> techniques.  
> 
> This section is titled Best Effort Encryption, and RTP/SAVP is not a candidate
> technique to provide best effort encryption -- RTP/SAVP causes a call to fail
> to complete if any of the remote forks or targets (during retargeting) rejects
> the call because they don't understand that profile.  This is discussed at the
> beginning of that section, in order to justify why we need best effort
> encryption -- so that we can deploy SRTP without a priori knowledge of the
> called party's deployment of RTP/SAVP-capable endpoints at that particular
> moment.

So, maybe I just misunderstood the situation: I had thought that 
with the new media cap stuff one would offer both RTP/SAVP and
RTP/AVP, so you would get best effort. Am I confused?

> > I guess RSA matters, but
> > since we negotiate a separate protection profile for SRTP, 3DES/SHA
> > isn't that relevant. Btw, TLS 1.2. will be AES.
> 
> Thanks, changed to:
> 
>    This document assumes DTLS will use TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA as
>    its cipher suite, which is the mandatory-to-implement cipher suite in
>    TLS [I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis].
> 
> > Note also that DTLS-SRTP is compatible with RTP before the DTLS
> > handshake.
> 
> Only if the RTP profile is RTP/AVP; if the profile is RTP/SAVP, one expects
> only SRTP.  Is there text that needs to change to note that in the
> requirements doc?

Not sure. See my comment above about RTP/SAVP.

-Ekr
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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On Apr 9, 2008, at 11:53 AM, Michael Thomas wrote:
>
>> Now, assume JoeBob is instead named "180055511212@example.com". All  
>> of  the above works fine, until somebody calls into example.com's  
>> PSTN  gateway from a spoofed Caller-ID of "18005551212" and asks  
>> said  gateway to connect them to messages.example.net
>>
>
> So just don't sign it. Or sign it as @example.com. Or just tell the  
> voice
> mail provider not to create voice mail boxes for users with e164@example.com
> like addresses. This really seems tenuous to me, Dean.

I'm getting REALLY TIRED OF EXPLAINING THIS. Yeah, I know, one must  
say things ten time to be heard once. But this is eleven . . . ;-)

We need to sign it, because SRTP-DTLS relies on the signature in order  
to protect the fingerprint of the media key from MITM attacks.

In short, SRTP-DTLS requires RFC 4474 (for full function), and PSTN  
interaction precludes RFC 4474.

Something has to give. As I see it, we MUST pick at least one of the  
following:

1) Change RFC 4474 so that it can be used with phone gateways.
2) Change DTLS-SRTP so that it doesn't depend on RFC 4474.
3) Decide that we can live without integrity protection of the media  
key on calls transiting PSTN gateways, and document this.

We already have a strong argument for amending RFC 4474 so that SBCs  
that tweak the SDP don't break the Identity signature. If we do this,  
add the "not really an identity" flag, and mod DTLS-SRTP to account  
for the changes, then I think we have a full solution.

--
Dean

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References: <0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D09160BA@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><47F5EBDE.3070907@gmx.net><0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D0916122@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><200804082130.m38LUpUO004626@dragon.ariadne.com><3fa401c899d4$e3ec74a0$c5f0200a@cisco.com><200804090231.m392V1oX026567@dragon.ariadne.com><406b01c899f9$68c470f0$c5f0200a@cisco.com><200804091555.m39FtLa6020989@dragon.ariadne.com><18428.60275.209757.845202@taimen.test.fi><47FCF2BD.9010808@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 8:04 PM
> To: Dan Wing
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Paul Kyzivat; Juha Heinanen
> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> Well, you can still do video over PSTN with H.320. I still 
> view this as "telephony".

Sorry -- please pick something you cannot do over the PSTN.  Instant
Messaging, presence, high-quality video (HDTV), whatever.

> Not sure I understand the question.

Let me reword my previous email into a question:

If you have a non-SIP telephony application that trunks towards the PSTN, and
it is configured to process tel URIs, and it is asked to initiate a call that
exceeds the capabilities of the PSTN (instant messaging, presence,
HDTV-quality video, whatever you prefer) -- would it route the call towards a
"SIP trunk" in order to gain the ability to set up that call, abort the call,
or just ignore it all and trunk towards the PSTN?

An additional question (statement, actually) is:  We can't influence how that
non-SIP telephony application provides for its own identity and authentication
of tel URIs.

(This is getting me to lean more towards my email-identity straw-man.  With
it, we can step out of this festering, smelly pile of trying to get E.164
working well with SIP and move to email-style SIP URIs.  The IETF is capable
of building an end-to-end identity/authentication solution around email-style
SIP URIs; we have one (RFC4474) that works if we prohibit SBCs and B2BUAs from
modifying SDP).

-d

_______________________________________________
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Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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Date: Thu, 10 Apr 2008 08:03:13 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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Subject: [Sip] E.164-based SIP URIs and TEL URIs as aliases
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Dale.Worley@comcast.net
> Sent: 09 April 2008 03:31
> To: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> 
>    From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
> 
>    If those URIs included ";user=phone", there is a transitive 
>    relationship between the SIP URI and the TEL URI.  Without
>    ";user=phone", I agree that no meaning is supposed to be applied 
>    to the user-part (the part to the left of the "@").
> 
> True.  In that case, we have SIP URIs which are essentially aliases
> for tel URIs.  But in that case, any signing should be of the
> fundamental tel URI, which then obviates the problem with an SBC that
> translates one alias-URI into another.
[JRE] But what about other parameters on the right hand side. For
example, is
tel:+123456789
an alias for:
sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?

I don't think so.

And is:
sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone;
an alias for:
sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?

I don't think so

And is:
sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6
an alias for:
sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?
Possibly, assuming by routing the first one to provider.net it
eventually gets changed to the latter and routed accordingly.

You might ask whether these are valid examples. I believe they are,
because the GRUU draft says just add a gr parameter to the AoR, and I
believe the user=phone parameter is part of the AoR in this case.

Of course, you wouldn't have a GRUU in a From header field, so this is
perhaps not relevant to the RFC 4474 discussion (hence the change of
thread name), but it is germane to the issue of how a Request URI can
change as it is routed through intermediaries.

John
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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> (This is getting me to lean more towards my email-identity straw-man.  With
> it, we can step out of this festering, smelly pile of trying to get E.164
> working well with SIP and move to email-style SIP URIs.  The IETF is capable
> of building an end-to-end identity/authentication solution around email-style
> SIP URIs; we have one (RFC4474) that works if we prohibit SBCs and B2BUAs from
> modifying SDP).

I believe this is the conclusion and about sums it up.
Henry


On 4/9/08 11:20 PM, "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com> wrote:

>  
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
>> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 8:04 PM
>> To: Dan Wing
>> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Paul Kyzivat; Juha Heinanen
>> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>> 
>> Well, you can still do video over PSTN with H.320. I still
>> view this as "telephony".
> 
> Sorry -- please pick something you cannot do over the PSTN.  Instant
> Messaging, presence, high-quality video (HDTV), whatever.
> 
>> Not sure I understand the question.
> 
> Let me reword my previous email into a question:
> 
> If you have a non-SIP telephony application that trunks towards the PSTN, and
> it is configured to process tel URIs, and it is asked to initiate a call that
> exceeds the capabilities of the PSTN (instant messaging, presence,
> HDTV-quality video, whatever you prefer) -- would it route the call towards a
> "SIP trunk" in order to gain the ability to set up that call, abort the call,
> or just ignore it all and trunk towards the PSTN?
> 
> An additional question (statement, actually) is:  We can't influence how that
> non-SIP telephony application provides for its own identity and authentication
> of tel URIs.
> 
> (This is getting me to lean more towards my email-identity straw-man.  With
> it, we can step out of this festering, smelly pile of trying to get E.164
> working well with SIP and move to email-style SIP URIs.  The IETF is capable
> of building an end-to-end identity/authentication solution around email-style
> SIP URIs; we have one (RFC4474) that works if we prohibit SBCs and B2BUAs from
> modifying SDP).
> 
> -d
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164-based SIP URIs and TEL URIs as aliases
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Elwell, John wrote:
>  
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
>> Behalf Of Dale.Worley@comcast.net
>> Sent: 09 April 2008 03:31
>> To: sip@ietf.org
>> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>>
>>
>>    From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
>>
>>    If those URIs included ";user=phone", there is a transitive 
>>    relationship between the SIP URI and the TEL URI.  Without
>>    ";user=phone", I agree that no meaning is supposed to be applied 
>>    to the user-part (the part to the left of the "@").
>>
>> True.  In that case, we have SIP URIs which are essentially aliases
>> for tel URIs.  But in that case, any signing should be of the
>> fundamental tel URI, which then obviates the problem with an SBC that
>> translates one alias-URI into another.
> [JRE] But what about other parameters on the right hand side. For
> example, is
> tel:+123456789
> an alias for:
> sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?
> 
> I don't think so.
> 
> And is:
> sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone;
> an alias for:
> sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?
> 
> I don't think so
> 
> And is:
> sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6
> an alias for:
> sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?
> Possibly, assuming by routing the first one to provider.net it
> eventually gets changed to the latter and routed accordingly.
> 
> You might ask whether these are valid examples. I believe they are,
> because the GRUU draft says just add a gr parameter to the AoR, and I
> believe the user=phone parameter is part of the AoR in this case.

IMO it is a little fuzzy whether URI parameters are actually part of an 
AOR. When adding or looking up a URI in a location service, it is first 
canonicalized by removing all URI parameters, including the "user" 
parameter. As a result, both

   sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone
   sip:+123456789@provider.net

will route to the same place. Its not entirely clear to me whether the 
gruu is to be constructed with the canonicalized URI or the original 
one. But there seems to be nothing to prevent you from registering once 
using user=phone, and another time omitting it, or using user=ip. And 
you would get the same location service entry in both cases.


> Of course, you wouldn't have a GRUU in a From header field, so this is
> perhaps not relevant to the RFC 4474 discussion (hence the change of
> thread name), but it is germane to the issue of how a Request URI can
> change as it is routed through intermediaries.

I think the bottom line is that we can't just toss out the term "alias" 
as something that is well defined. I think that A can be an alias for B 
for one purpose, but not be an alias for B for some other purpose.

In this discussion, I think two From-URIs might sometimes be considered 
aliases of one another if they result in the same callerid display to 
the recipient, or if calls to both reach the same destination.

	Thanks,
	Paul
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Hi,

On Tue, Apr 8, 2008 at 7:48 PM, Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com> wrote:
>  > >  2) If a Register is 3xx redirected, does the new retargeted Register
>  > use the same reg-id, even though it's a different "flow"? (I assume so)  I
>  > ask because some people use 3xx for Registers to load-balance or perform
>  > anycasting.  It may be good to add this to end of section 4.2.1.
>  >
>  > Yes, the UA uses the same reg-id.  It uses the the reg-id to indicate
>  > that this is (for example) my "2nd logical flow" to my registrar or
>  > the logical flow over my "cellular interface".  Can you suggest
>  > something here or point out the specific part that is confusing.?
>
>  I ask because one could get a 3xx for Register at any time, for example while there is an established dialog over that flow.  (but it would be weird, and we can't account for all bizarre corner cases)
>  At the end of section 4.2.1, add:
>  "If the registering UA receives a 3xx response to the REGISTER request, such that it moves its registration "flow", it SHOULD reuse the same reg-id value for the moved REGISTER."

I think it may already say to do something like that overall in
another place.  I'll take a closer look and see if it adds or detracts
from the overall clarity of the document.

>  > >  6) Page 12, Section 4.1:
>  > >  "It also provides an easy way to guarantee uniqueness within the AOR."
>  > I'm a bit confused by that, because I don't believe we're saying one UA
>  > instance only ever represents one AoR. (ie, multiple AoR's registered on
>  > the same UA will have the same registered contact instance)  Recommend
>  > removing or rewording.
>  >
>  > I don't see the confusion.  _Within_ the AOR, the instance-id provides
>  > further disambiguation.  I can absolutely use the instance with more
>  > than one AOR.
>
>  Ahh, then maybe it's a missing comma that screwed me up.  Should be:
>  "It also provides an easy way to guarantee uniqueness, within the AoR, when multiple UA's are registered for the same AOR."
>  Otherwise to me it looked like it was claiming the instance guaranteed uniqueness [to] the AoR.

I think this is more confusing with the extra commas, and the RFC
editor is likely to just remove them anyway.  (I remember paragraph
upon paragraph in the Replaces or MWI spec where the only change
between the RFC and the approved ID where a bunch of commas removed.)

>  > >  9) Page 16, Section 4.3:
>  > >    ... For TLS protocols, there MUST also
>  > >    be a match between the host production in the next hop and one of the
>  > >    URIs contained in the subjectAltName in the peer certificate.
>  > >  s/production in/resolved for/
>  >
>  > I don't think your proposed rewording is correct.  Perhaps s/next
>  > hop/next hop URI/ ?

Actually when I looked at the text again, it is completely wrong.  If
the certificate has a domain name in subjectName, but no
subjectAltName, the UA should compare against that too.

>  OK.  Is "production" a common use for it?  Maybe s/production in/portion of/ as well as your URI addition?

Yes. FYI: "production" has a very specific meaning.  It refers to a
name used inside the BNF.  The host production in the RFC 3261 is
shown here:

SIP-URI = "sip:" [ userinfo ] hostport uri-parameters [ headers ]
...
hostport = host [ ":" port ]
host = hostname / IPv4address / IPv6reference

thanks,
-rohan
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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I'm still not sure I get it.

If I present a Tel URI, and somebody uses it to reach me, and it just happens
that we are both using SIP as our default "Telephony" client, then sure, you
absolutely will be able to do whatever you want (IM, HD, etc.). 

The point is that if you choose to advertise a Tel URI INSTEAD of a SIP URI, don't be
surprised if you have people reaching you with PSTN-capabilies only.

Conversely, if you choose to advertize a SIP URI ONLY, then you may be missing out
entirely on people calling from PSTN.

- At least, that's the theory...

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 21:20
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; 'Paul Kyzivat'; 'Juha Heinanen'
> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
>  
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> > Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 8:04 PM
> > To: Dan Wing
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; Paul Kyzivat; Juha Heinanen
> > Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> > 
> > Well, you can still do video over PSTN with H.320. I still 
> view this 
> > as "telephony".
> 
> Sorry -- please pick something you cannot do over the PSTN.  
> Instant Messaging, presence, high-quality video (HDTV), whatever.
> 
> > Not sure I understand the question.
> 
> Let me reword my previous email into a question:
> 
> If you have a non-SIP telephony application that trunks 
> towards the PSTN, and it is configured to process tel URIs, 
> and it is asked to initiate a call that exceeds the 
> capabilities of the PSTN (instant messaging, presence, 
> HDTV-quality video, whatever you prefer) -- would it route 
> the call towards a "SIP trunk" in order to gain the ability 
> to set up that call, abort the call, or just ignore it all 
> and trunk towards the PSTN?
> 
> An additional question (statement, actually) is:  We can't 
> influence how that non-SIP telephony application provides for 
> its own identity and authentication of tel URIs.
> 
> (This is getting me to lean more towards my email-identity 
> straw-man.  With it, we can step out of this festering, 
> smelly pile of trying to get E.164 working well with SIP and 
> move to email-style SIP URIs.  The IETF is capable of 
> building an end-to-end identity/authentication solution 
> around email-style SIP URIs; we have one (RFC4474) that works 
> if we prohibit SBCs and B2BUAs from modifying SDP).
> 
> -d
> 
> 
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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
To: "'Francois Audet'" <audet@nortel.com>
References: <0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D09160BA@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><47F5EBDE.3070907@gmx.net><0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D0916122@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><200804082130.m38LUpUO004626@dragon.ariadne.com><3fa401c899d4$e3ec74a0$c5f0200a@cisco.com><200804090231.m392V1oX026567@dragon.ariadne.com><406b01c899f9$68c470f0$c5f0200a@cisco.com><200804091555.m39FtLa6020989@dragon.ariadne.com><18428.60275.209757.845202@taimen.test.fi><47FCF2BD.9010808@cisco.com>
	<1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF160A41B0@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com>
	<0f5c01c89ab5$0ec99870$c5f0200a@cisco.com>
	<1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF035D4FC9@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com>
	<102501c89ac2$30337230$c5f0200a@cisco.com>
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Date: Thu, 10 Apr 2008 10:02:57 -0700
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com] 
> Sent: Thursday, April 10, 2008 9:50 AM
> To: Dan Wing
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Paul Kyzivat; Juha Heinanen
> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> I'm still not sure I get it.
> 
> If I present a Tel URI, and somebody uses it to reach me, and 
> it just happens
> that we are both using SIP as our default "Telephony" client, 
> then sure, you
> absolutely will be able to do whatever you want (IM, HD, etc.). 
> 
> The point is that if you choose to advertise a Tel URI 
> INSTEAD of a SIP URI, don't be
> surprised if you have people reaching you with PSTN-capabilies only.

Sure, folks might contact me over the PSTN if I used a TEL URI, and
I agree that I wouldn't be surprised.  Afterall, the PSTN remains the
lowest-common denominator for interactive communications.

> Conversely, if you choose to advertize a SIP URI ONLY, then 
> you may be missing out entirely on people calling from PSTN.
>
> - At least, that's the theory...

Advertising a SIP URI exclusively would be as silly as advertising
an email URI exclusively.  You always want a way to accept incoming
PSTN calls (because it is the lowest common denominator for 
interactive communications), and a legitimate business would also 
want a physical address and a postal address to receive physical
packages and deliveries.

-d

> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com] 
> > Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 21:20
> > To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
> > Cc: sip@ietf.org; 'Paul Kyzivat'; 'Juha Heinanen'
> > Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> > 
> >  
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> > > Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 8:04 PM
> > > To: Dan Wing
> > > Cc: sip@ietf.org; Paul Kyzivat; Juha Heinanen
> > > Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> > > 
> > > Well, you can still do video over PSTN with H.320. I still 
> > view this 
> > > as "telephony".
> > 
> > Sorry -- please pick something you cannot do over the PSTN.  
> > Instant Messaging, presence, high-quality video (HDTV), whatever.
> > 
> > > Not sure I understand the question.
> > 
> > Let me reword my previous email into a question:
> > 
> > If you have a non-SIP telephony application that trunks 
> > towards the PSTN, and it is configured to process tel URIs, 
> > and it is asked to initiate a call that exceeds the 
> > capabilities of the PSTN (instant messaging, presence, 
> > HDTV-quality video, whatever you prefer) -- would it route 
> > the call towards a "SIP trunk" in order to gain the ability 
> > to set up that call, abort the call, or just ignore it all 
> > and trunk towards the PSTN?
> > 
> > An additional question (statement, actually) is:  We can't 
> > influence how that non-SIP telephony application provides for 
> > its own identity and authentication of tel URIs.
> > 
> > (This is getting me to lean more towards my email-identity 
> > straw-man.  With it, we can step out of this festering, 
> > smelly pile of trying to get E.164 working well with SIP and 
> > move to email-style SIP URIs.  The IETF is capable of 
> > building an end-to-end identity/authentication solution 
> > around email-style SIP URIs; we have one (RFC4474) that works 
> > if we prohibit SBCs and B2BUAs from modifying SDP).
> > 
> > -d
> > 
> > 

_______________________________________________
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> Advertising a SIP URI exclusively would be as silly as 
> advertising an email URI exclusively.  You always want a way 
> to accept incoming PSTN calls (because it is the lowest 
> common denominator for interactive communications), and a 
> legitimate business would also want a physical address and a 
> postal address to receive physical packages and deliveries.

Agreed.

Cutting to the chase, I'd put the following on my business card:

tel: +1-408-495-2456
sip:audet@nortel.com
mailto:audet@nortel.com

Cheers.
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To: Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Francois,

I agree with your point entirely.

BUT, even if I choose to advertise a sip URI (with user=phone), some of 
the UASs I call may well display only the numeric portion as the 
callerid. Those people in turn may then attempt to call me back using a 
TEL URI, and as a result, may end up going over the PSTN, even if 
originating from a sip device. (I don't know how often a PSTN path will 
be chosen even if a sip path was possible, but probably more often than 
we would wish.)

If the devices are half way smart, even if they only show the number 
they will keep the entire URI in their call log, so that if I attempt a 
callback via the call log it will use the whole URI. But I expect some 
devices will be dumber than that.

I don't know that we can do anything about it, except perhaps publish 
some best practices drafts. But I expect it may be a problem for a long 
time.

	Paul

Francois Audet wrote:
> I'm still not sure I get it.
> 
> If I present a Tel URI, and somebody uses it to reach me, and it just happens
> that we are both using SIP as our default "Telephony" client, then sure, you
> absolutely will be able to do whatever you want (IM, HD, etc.). 
> 
> The point is that if you choose to advertise a Tel URI INSTEAD of a SIP URI, don't be
> surprised if you have people reaching you with PSTN-capabilies only.
> 
> Conversely, if you choose to advertize a SIP URI ONLY, then you may be missing out
> entirely on people calling from PSTN.
> 
> - At least, that's the theory...
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com] 
>> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 21:20
>> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
>> Cc: sip@ietf.org; 'Paul Kyzivat'; 'Juha Heinanen'
>> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>>
>>  
>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
>>> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 8:04 PM
>>> To: Dan Wing
>>> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Paul Kyzivat; Juha Heinanen
>>> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>>>
>>> Well, you can still do video over PSTN with H.320. I still 
>> view this 
>>> as "telephony".
>> Sorry -- please pick something you cannot do over the PSTN.  
>> Instant Messaging, presence, high-quality video (HDTV), whatever.
>>
>>> Not sure I understand the question.
>> Let me reword my previous email into a question:
>>
>> If you have a non-SIP telephony application that trunks 
>> towards the PSTN, and it is configured to process tel URIs, 
>> and it is asked to initiate a call that exceeds the 
>> capabilities of the PSTN (instant messaging, presence, 
>> HDTV-quality video, whatever you prefer) -- would it route 
>> the call towards a "SIP trunk" in order to gain the ability 
>> to set up that call, abort the call, or just ignore it all 
>> and trunk towards the PSTN?
>>
>> An additional question (statement, actually) is:  We can't 
>> influence how that non-SIP telephony application provides for 
>> its own identity and authentication of tel URIs.
>>
>> (This is getting me to lean more towards my email-identity 
>> straw-man.  With it, we can step out of this festering, 
>> smelly pile of trying to get E.164 working well with SIP and 
>> move to email-style SIP URIs.  The IETF is capable of 
>> building an end-to-end identity/authentication solution 
>> around email-style SIP URIs; we have one (RFC4474) that works 
>> if we prohibit SBCs and B2BUAs from modifying SDP).
>>
>> -d
>>
>>
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
To: "'Paul Kyzivat'" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>,
	"'Francois Audet'" <audet@nortel.com>
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Date: Thu, 10 Apr 2008 10:18:58 -0700
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com] 
> Sent: Thursday, April 10, 2008 10:14 AM
> To: Francois Audet
> Cc: Dan Wing; sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> Francois,
> 
> I agree with your point entirely.
> 
> BUT, even if I choose to advertise a sip URI (with 
> user=phone), some of 
> the UASs I call may well display only the numeric portion as the 
> callerid. Those people in turn may then attempt to call me 
> back using a 
> TEL URI, and as a result, may end up going over the PSTN, even if 
> originating from a sip device. (I don't know how often a PSTN 
> path will 
> be chosen even if a sip path was possible, but probably more 
> often than we would wish.)

Until there is a reason to use IP, nobody cares if the call goes
over the PSTN.  Reasons might include, but are not limited to,
encrypted media, strong identity, high-quality video, multimedia 
(whiteboard, screen sharing, etc.), and so on.

> If the devices are half way smart, even if they only show the number 
> they will keep the entire URI in their call log, so that if I 
> attempt a 
> callback via the call log it will use the whole URI. But I 
> expect some 
> devices will be dumber than that.
> 
> I don't know that we can do anything about it, except perhaps publish 
> some best practices drafts. But I expect it may be a problem 
> for a long time.

Yep.

-d


> 	Paul
> 
> Francois Audet wrote:
> > I'm still not sure I get it.
> > 
> > If I present a Tel URI, and somebody uses it to reach me, 
> and it just happens
> > that we are both using SIP as our default "Telephony" 
> client, then sure, you
> > absolutely will be able to do whatever you want (IM, HD, etc.). 
> > 
> > The point is that if you choose to advertise a Tel URI 
> INSTEAD of a SIP URI, don't be
> > surprised if you have people reaching you with PSTN-capabilies only.
> > 
> > Conversely, if you choose to advertize a SIP URI ONLY, then 
> you may be missing out
> > entirely on people calling from PSTN.
> > 
> > - At least, that's the theory...
> > 
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com] 
> >> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 21:20
> >> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
> >> Cc: sip@ietf.org; 'Paul Kyzivat'; 'Juha Heinanen'
> >> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> >>
> >>  
> >>
> >>> -----Original Message-----
> >>> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> >>> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 8:04 PM
> >>> To: Dan Wing
> >>> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Paul Kyzivat; Juha Heinanen
> >>> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> >>>
> >>> Well, you can still do video over PSTN with H.320. I still 
> >> view this 
> >>> as "telephony".
> >> Sorry -- please pick something you cannot do over the PSTN.  
> >> Instant Messaging, presence, high-quality video (HDTV), whatever.
> >>
> >>> Not sure I understand the question.
> >> Let me reword my previous email into a question:
> >>
> >> If you have a non-SIP telephony application that trunks 
> >> towards the PSTN, and it is configured to process tel URIs, 
> >> and it is asked to initiate a call that exceeds the 
> >> capabilities of the PSTN (instant messaging, presence, 
> >> HDTV-quality video, whatever you prefer) -- would it route 
> >> the call towards a "SIP trunk" in order to gain the ability 
> >> to set up that call, abort the call, or just ignore it all 
> >> and trunk towards the PSTN?
> >>
> >> An additional question (statement, actually) is:  We can't 
> >> influence how that non-SIP telephony application provides for 
> >> its own identity and authentication of tel URIs.
> >>
> >> (This is getting me to lean more towards my email-identity 
> >> straw-man.  With it, we can step out of this festering, 
> >> smelly pile of trying to get E.164 working well with SIP and 
> >> move to email-style SIP URIs.  The IETF is capable of 
> >> building an end-to-end identity/authentication solution 
> >> around email-style SIP URIs; we have one (RFC4474) that works 
> >> if we prohibit SBCs and B2BUAs from modifying SDP).
> >>
> >> -d
> >>
> >>
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> > Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 

_______________________________________________
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Francois Audet wrote:
>  
>> Advertising a SIP URI exclusively would be as silly as 
>> advertising an email URI exclusively.  You always want a way 
>> to accept incoming PSTN calls (because it is the lowest 
>> common denominator for interactive communications), and a 
>> legitimate business would also want a physical address and a 
>> postal address to receive physical packages and deliveries.
> 
> Agreed.
> 
> Cutting to the chase, I'd put the following on my business card:
> 
> tel: +1-408-495-2456
> sip:audet@nortel.com
> mailto:audet@nortel.com

Interestingly, that doesn't indicate that you are reachable via sip 
using the numeric address.

A sip caller given the tel might figure that out, but might not. If you 
had user enum, and the caller used it, then all is well. But if not, and 
if the caller just blasts the tel uri to his SP, it may figure it out, 
and may not.

You are going to ask why the caller would use the tel form in that case. 
One reason would be because the UI of the device only supports numeric 
input.

	Paul
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> > Agreed.
> > 
> > Cutting to the chase, I'd put the following on my business card:
> > 
> > tel: +1-408-495-2456
> > sip:audet@nortel.com
> > mailto:audet@nortel.com
> 
> Interestingly, that doesn't indicate that you are reachable 
> via sip using the numeric address.

Yes, I did that on purpose. I don't see a point in doing it.

> A sip caller given the tel might figure that out, but might 
> not. If you had user enum, and the caller used it, then all 
> is well. But if not, and if the caller just blasts the tel 
> uri to his SP, it may figure it out, and may not.
> 
> You are going to ask why the caller would use the tel form in 
> that case. 
> One reason would be because the UI of the device only 
> supports numeric input.

So, a SIP user (or anybody young enough to prefer IM paradigm to phone
paradigm) will use sip:audet@nortel.com.

The old luddites with a PSTN-looking phone will keep on dialing digits
on their phone. That's where the Tel URI is useful.

The niche market for sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone is very 
small. Beyond people on this mailing list, I really don't see who would
care. I really believe that practically speaking, sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone
is meant to be used "on-the wire" as opposed to by users.

sip:audet@nortel.com                   ~= http://www.att.com
sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone ~= http://www.att.com/gen/landing-pages?pid=3308

I think we are rat-holing on imaginary issues.
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From: Dale.Worley@comcast.net
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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   From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>

   > Sorry, I don't understand.  You said "sending a SIP request towards
   > the E.164", by which I understand an Enum lookup.  Did you mean
   > "sending a SIP request towards a SIP URI which purposts to represent
   > an E.164"?

   draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt says to turn the SIP URI into a TEL URI,
   and then generate a Return Routability Check (RRC) towards that TEL URI:

     "1.  Strip the domain name of the From:  of the incoming INVITE.  This
	  results in a TEL URI.  For example,
	  "sip:+14085551234@example.com;user=phone" is rewritten to
	  "tel:+14085551212".

      2.  Rewrite the TEL URI to a SIP URI, following the Verifier's
	  default routing rules.  For example, if outgoing calls are sent
	  to the service provider example.net, then "tel:+14085551212" is
	  rewritten to "sip:+14085551212@example.net;user=phone".

      3.  Generate a random nonce.

      4.  Using the SIP URI constructed in step (2), construct a SIP
	  SUBSCRIBE message with Request-URI and To headers that use that
	  SIP URI, and an "Expires" header of 0.  The SUBSCRIBE contains
	  the random nonce in its body as Content-Type application/
	  return-routability-nonce.

      5.  Send the SUBSCRIBE message.  This will cause the calling party to
	  send a NOTIFY."

Interesting...  Because the verification generated by this algorithm
is not quite what I expected from how it was described, and it is both
narrower and probably more useful than what I expected.  The
verification is that "Within the Verifier's context, the routing rules
that are in effect send tel:+1234 to the given domain."  This actually
doesn't say anything about ownership of E.164 numbers (other than that
E.164 numbers are the space of URIs), but it says a tremendous amount
about how requests are routed from the Verifier's context:  "If I call
the given number, will I reach the given domain?"  That's not useful
for validating an incoming caller based on an asserted E.164 origin
number (unless one's local E.164 routing is known to be trustable),
but it's really useful for knowing if I can call the caller back using
the asserted E.164 number.

Dale
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164-based SIP URIs and TEL URIs as aliases
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   From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>

   [JRE] But what about other parameters on the right hand side. For
   example, is
   tel:+123456789
   an alias for:
   sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?

   I don't think so.

   And is:
   sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone;
   an alias for:
   sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?

   I don't think so

   And is:
   sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6
   an alias for:
   sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?
   Possibly, assuming by routing the first one to provider.net it
   eventually gets changed to the latter and routed accordingly.

Personally, I agree with you that these URIs are all "different".  But
if we consider them to be different, any signing mechanism must
consider them to be different, and any transport mechanism must avoid
changing one of them into another.

Previously in this discussion, people have argued that SBCs are not
behaving incorrectly when they change one of these URIs into another,
and that thus any signing mechanism must tolerate such a substitution.

Dale
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Francois Audet wrote:
>  
>>> Agreed.
>>>
>>> Cutting to the chase, I'd put the following on my business card:
>>>
>>> tel: +1-408-495-2456
>>> sip:audet@nortel.com
>>> mailto:audet@nortel.com
>> Interestingly, that doesn't indicate that you are reachable 
>> via sip using the numeric address.
> 
> Yes, I did that on purpose. I don't see a point in doing it.
> 
>> A sip caller given the tel might figure that out, but might 
>> not. If you had user enum, and the caller used it, then all 
>> is well. But if not, and if the caller just blasts the tel 
>> uri to his SP, it may figure it out, and may not.
>>
>> You are going to ask why the caller would use the tel form in 
>> that case. 
>> One reason would be because the UI of the device only 
>> supports numeric input.
> 
> So, a SIP user (or anybody young enough to prefer IM paradigm to phone
> paradigm) will use sip:audet@nortel.com.
> 
> The old luddites with a PSTN-looking phone will keep on dialing digits
> on their phone. That's where the Tel URI is useful.
> 
> The niche market for sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone is very 
> small. Beyond people on this mailing list, I really don't see who would
> care. I really believe that practically speaking, sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone
> is meant to be used "on-the wire" as opposed to by users.
> 
> sip:audet@nortel.com                   ~= http://www.att.com
> sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone ~= http://www.att.com/gen/landing-pages?pid=3308
> 
> I think we are rat-holing on imaginary issues.

Perhaps. The above is a bit esoteric. A more realisic issue is what to 
put in From, where at the moment you can't put multiple choices. So I 
have to choose whether to cater to the luddites or the young. (I'm not 
young, but I don't think I'm *quite* a luddite. Just saddled with a lot 
of legacy stuff I don't have the option of changing or am too cheap to 
change. (I *am* cheap.))

At least with P-A-I you can put both a sip and a tel. The alternative 
being explored on this list of including both in normal sip signaling 
would solve that.

	Paul
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Cc: sip@ietf.org, Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Yeah, I'd say putting sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone in From
(or anything "on-the-wire") is very appropriate.

I don't think we are disagreeing actually. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com] 
> Sent: Thursday, April 10, 2008 11:05
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
> Cc: Dan Wing; sip@ietf.org; Juha Heinanen
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> 
> 
> Francois Audet wrote:
> >  
> >>> Agreed.
> >>>
> >>> Cutting to the chase, I'd put the following on my business card:
> >>>
> >>> tel: +1-408-495-2456
> >>> sip:audet@nortel.com
> >>> mailto:audet@nortel.com
> >> Interestingly, that doesn't indicate that you are 
> reachable via sip 
> >> using the numeric address.
> > 
> > Yes, I did that on purpose. I don't see a point in doing it.
> > 
> >> A sip caller given the tel might figure that out, but 
> might not. If 
> >> you had user enum, and the caller used it, then all is 
> well. But if 
> >> not, and if the caller just blasts the tel uri to his SP, it may 
> >> figure it out, and may not.
> >>
> >> You are going to ask why the caller would use the tel form in that 
> >> case.
> >> One reason would be because the UI of the device only supports 
> >> numeric input.
> > 
> > So, a SIP user (or anybody young enough to prefer IM 
> paradigm to phone
> > paradigm) will use sip:audet@nortel.com.
> > 
> > The old luddites with a PSTN-looking phone will keep on 
> dialing digits 
> > on their phone. That's where the Tel URI is useful.
> > 
> > The niche market for sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone is very 
> > small. Beyond people on this mailing list, I really don't see who 
> > would care. I really believe that practically speaking, 
> > sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone
> > is meant to be used "on-the wire" as opposed to by users.
> > 
> > sip:audet@nortel.com                   ~= http://www.att.com
> > sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone ~= 
> > http://www.att.com/gen/landing-pages?pid=3308
> > 
> > I think we are rat-holing on imaginary issues.
> 
> Perhaps. The above is a bit esoteric. A more realisic issue 
> is what to put in From, where at the moment you can't put 
> multiple choices. So I have to choose whether to cater to the 
> luddites or the young. (I'm not young, but I don't think I'm 
> *quite* a luddite. Just saddled with a lot of legacy stuff I 
> don't have the option of changing or am too cheap to change. 
> (I *am* cheap.))
> 
> At least with P-A-I you can put both a sip and a tel. The 
> alternative being explored on this list of including both in 
> normal sip signaling would solve that.
> 
> 	Paul
> 
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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From: "Dwight, Timothy M (Tim)" <timothy.dwight@verizonbusiness.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Paul,

I don't understand a couple of your points below.  Can you elaborate?

tim 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Paul Kyzivat
> Sent: Thursday, April 10, 2008 12:14 PM
> To: Francois Audet
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Dan Wing
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> Francois,
> 
> I agree with your point entirely.
> 
> BUT, even if I choose to advertise a sip URI (with user=phone), some
of 
> the UASs I call may well display only the numeric portion as the 
> callerid. Those people in turn may then attempt to call me back using
a 
> TEL URI, and as a result, may end up going over the PSTN, even if 
> originating from a sip device. (I don't know how often a PSTN 
> path will be chosen even if a sip path was possible, but probably more

> often than we would wish.)

Are you saying that use of tel:+4085551212 as opposed to
sip:+4085551212;user=phone makes it more likely that the call will be
routed the PSTN?  If so, why would that be?  



> If the devices are half way smart, even if they only show the number 
> they will keep the entire URI in their call log, so that if I attempt
a 
> callback via the call log it will use the whole URI. But I expect some

> devices will be dumber than that.

When you say "use the whole URI" do you mean in the R-URI?  I'm not sure
this would be desirable behavior.  If the host part of the R-URI does
not identify a domain for which the network serving the calling party is
authoritative, then as I understand it the network serving the calling
party should simply proxy the INVITE per 3263.  But then how does the
network serving the calling party provide originating services to its
subscriber?

As a practical matter I'll note that in some networks with which I am
familiar, the value to be used in the host part of the R-URI is dictated
by the network.



> I don't know that we can do anything about it, except perhaps publish 
> some best practices drafts. But I expect it may be a problem 
> for a long 
> time.

A "best practice" promoting the behavior described above, seems
problematic.  Maybe if there are networks somehow fundamentally unlike
that described above (e.g., where there is no concept of originating
services), it could be scoped to be applicable to them?  I suppose this
is a general problem with best practices - few are universally "best".


> 
> 	Paul
> 
> Francois Audet wrote:
> > I'm still not sure I get it.
> > 
> > If I present a Tel URI, and somebody uses it to reach me, 
> and it just happens
> > that we are both using SIP as our default "Telephony" 
> client, then sure, you
> > absolutely will be able to do whatever you want (IM, HD, etc.). 
> > 
> > The point is that if you choose to advertise a Tel URI 
> INSTEAD of a SIP URI, don't be
> > surprised if you have people reaching you with PSTN-capabilies only.
> > 
> > Conversely, if you choose to advertize a SIP URI ONLY, then 
> you may be missing out
> > entirely on people calling from PSTN.
> > 
> > - At least, that's the theory...
> > 
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com] 
> >> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 21:20
> >> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
> >> Cc: sip@ietf.org; 'Paul Kyzivat'; 'Juha Heinanen'
> >> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> >>
> >>  
> >>
> >>> -----Original Message-----
> >>> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> >>> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 8:04 PM
> >>> To: Dan Wing
> >>> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Paul Kyzivat; Juha Heinanen
> >>> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> >>>
> >>> Well, you can still do video over PSTN with H.320. I still 
> >> view this 
> >>> as "telephony".
> >> Sorry -- please pick something you cannot do over the PSTN.  
> >> Instant Messaging, presence, high-quality video (HDTV), whatever.
> >>
> >>> Not sure I understand the question.
> >> Let me reword my previous email into a question:
> >>
> >> If you have a non-SIP telephony application that trunks 
> >> towards the PSTN, and it is configured to process tel URIs, 
> >> and it is asked to initiate a call that exceeds the 
> >> capabilities of the PSTN (instant messaging, presence, 
> >> HDTV-quality video, whatever you prefer) -- would it route 
> >> the call towards a "SIP trunk" in order to gain the ability 
> >> to set up that call, abort the call, or just ignore it all 
> >> and trunk towards the PSTN?
> >>
> >> An additional question (statement, actually) is:  We can't 
> >> influence how that non-SIP telephony application provides for 
> >> its own identity and authentication of tel URIs.
> >>
> >> (This is getting me to lean more towards my email-identity 
> >> straw-man.  With it, we can step out of this festering, 
> >> smelly pile of trying to get E.164 working well with SIP and 
> >> move to email-style SIP URIs.  The IETF is capable of 
> >> building an end-to-end identity/authentication solution 
> >> around email-style SIP URIs; we have one (RFC4474) that works 
> >> if we prohibit SBCs and B2BUAs from modifying SDP).
> >>
> >> -d
> >>
> >>
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> > Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>, Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Dwight, Timothy M (Tim) wrote:
> Paul,
> 
> I don't understand a couple of your points below.  Can you elaborate?
> 
> tim 
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
>> Behalf Of Paul Kyzivat
>> Sent: Thursday, April 10, 2008 12:14 PM
>> To: Francois Audet
>> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Dan Wing
>> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>>
>> Francois,
>>
>> I agree with your point entirely.
>>
>> BUT, even if I choose to advertise a sip URI (with user=phone), some
> of 
>> the UASs I call may well display only the numeric portion as the 
>> callerid. Those people in turn may then attempt to call me back using
> a 
>> TEL URI, and as a result, may end up going over the PSTN, even if 
>> originating from a sip device. (I don't know how often a PSTN 
>> path will be chosen even if a sip path was possible, but probably more
> 
>> often than we would wish.)
> 
> Are you saying that use of tel:+4085551212 as opposed to
> sip:+4085551212;user=phone makes it more likely that the call will be
> routed the PSTN?  If so, why would that be?  

IMO if I give you sip:+4085551212@sp.com, with or without user=phone, 
then a call back to that URI MUST be via sip, and the 3263 rules say 
that it MUST be routed to domain sp.com before making any decision about 
how to reach something associated with the user part.

If I give you tel:+4085551212, then you have total freedom regarding 
what protocol to use to reach me, and the path taken. You may just use 
an arbitrary PSTN phone, or an H.323 phone, or a proprietary voip 
service, or whatever.

>> If the devices are half way smart, even if they only show the number 
>> they will keep the entire URI in their call log, so that if I attempt
> a 
>> callback via the call log it will use the whole URI. But I expect some
> 
>> devices will be dumber than that.
> 
> When you say "use the whole URI" do you mean in the R-URI? 

I was thinking of a device that keeps a log of *incoming* calls, so the 
From-URI would be appropriate.

> I'm not sure
> this would be desirable behavior.  If the host part of the R-URI does
> not identify a domain for which the network serving the calling party is
> authoritative, then as I understand it the network serving the calling
> party should simply proxy the INVITE per 3263.  But then how does the
> network serving the calling party provide originating services to its
> subscriber?
> 
> As a practical matter I'll note that in some networks with which I am
> familiar, the value to be used in the host part of the R-URI is dictated
> by the network.

If you are originating a call from a dial string, not a URI, then I 
guess you can formulate the R-URI any way you want. But if the calling 
party is supplying a URI (e.g. one it has saved from a prior received 
call) then it should be used as-is.

If you want some server on the originating end to do something for the 
outbound call, then you should put a Route header in the request 
identifying the server.

As a practical matter, suppose you receive a call from 
sip:george.bush@whitehouse.gov. If you want to return that call, you 
have little choice but to use that as the R-URI. You can't very well 
send it to sip:george.bush@your-sp.com and expect the right thing to happen.

So, if you received a call from sip:+12125551234@foo.com;user=phone, 
then IMO the caller had an expectation that callbacks would be delivered 
there, not to sip:+12125551234@your-sp.com. But in fact that is exactly 
what a lot of systems are doing.

>> I don't know that we can do anything about it, except perhaps publish 
>> some best practices drafts. But I expect it may be a problem 
>> for a long 
>> time.
> 
> A "best practice" promoting the behavior described above, seems
> problematic.  Maybe if there are networks somehow fundamentally unlike
> that described above (e.g., where there is no concept of originating
> services), it could be scoped to be applicable to them?  I suppose this
> is a general problem with best practices - few are universally "best".

I think as a community we are far from agreeing on what "best practices" 
are.  Hopefully it will eventually be sorted out. But it seems that 
there is a fair chance that we will never all agree on what best 
practices are in this regard, and will continue to be partitioned into a 
bunch of warring feudal communities, with tax collectors on every road.

>> 	Paul
>>
>> Francois Audet wrote:
>>> I'm still not sure I get it.
>>>
>>> If I present a Tel URI, and somebody uses it to reach me, 
>> and it just happens
>>> that we are both using SIP as our default "Telephony" 
>> client, then sure, you
>>> absolutely will be able to do whatever you want (IM, HD, etc.). 
>>>
>>> The point is that if you choose to advertise a Tel URI 
>> INSTEAD of a SIP URI, don't be
>>> surprised if you have people reaching you with PSTN-capabilies only.
>>>
>>> Conversely, if you choose to advertize a SIP URI ONLY, then 
>> you may be missing out
>>> entirely on people calling from PSTN.
>>>
>>> - At least, that's the theory...
>>>
>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com] 
>>>> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 21:20
>>>> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
>>>> Cc: sip@ietf.org; 'Paul Kyzivat'; 'Juha Heinanen'
>>>> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>>>>
>>>>  
>>>>
>>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>>> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
>>>>> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 8:04 PM
>>>>> To: Dan Wing
>>>>> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Paul Kyzivat; Juha Heinanen
>>>>> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>>>>>
>>>>> Well, you can still do video over PSTN with H.320. I still 
>>>> view this 
>>>>> as "telephony".
>>>> Sorry -- please pick something you cannot do over the PSTN.  
>>>> Instant Messaging, presence, high-quality video (HDTV), whatever.
>>>>
>>>>> Not sure I understand the question.
>>>> Let me reword my previous email into a question:
>>>>
>>>> If you have a non-SIP telephony application that trunks 
>>>> towards the PSTN, and it is configured to process tel URIs, 
>>>> and it is asked to initiate a call that exceeds the 
>>>> capabilities of the PSTN (instant messaging, presence, 
>>>> HDTV-quality video, whatever you prefer) -- would it route 
>>>> the call towards a "SIP trunk" in order to gain the ability 
>>>> to set up that call, abort the call, or just ignore it all 
>>>> and trunk towards the PSTN?
>>>>
>>>> An additional question (statement, actually) is:  We can't 
>>>> influence how that non-SIP telephony application provides for 
>>>> its own identity and authentication of tel URIs.
>>>>
>>>> (This is getting me to lean more towards my email-identity 
>>>> straw-man.  With it, we can step out of this festering, 
>>>> smelly pile of trying to get E.164 working well with SIP and 
>>>> move to email-style SIP URIs.  The IETF is capable of 
>>>> building an end-to-end identity/authentication solution 
>>>> around email-style SIP URIs; we have one (RFC4474) that works 
>>>> if we prohibit SBCs and B2BUAs from modifying SDP).
>>>>
>>>> -d
>>>>
>>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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If I understand what Dan is proposing, the result is that you get a call 
if the callee believes the caller owns the number, regardless of whether 
anyone else in the world does.

	Paul

Dale.Worley@comcast.net wrote:
>    From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
> 
>    > Sorry, I don't understand.  You said "sending a SIP request towards
>    > the E.164", by which I understand an Enum lookup.  Did you mean
>    > "sending a SIP request towards a SIP URI which purposts to represent
>    > an E.164"?
> 
>    draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt says to turn the SIP URI into a TEL URI,
>    and then generate a Return Routability Check (RRC) towards that TEL URI:
> 
>      "1.  Strip the domain name of the From:  of the incoming INVITE.  This
> 	  results in a TEL URI.  For example,
> 	  "sip:+14085551234@example.com;user=phone" is rewritten to
> 	  "tel:+14085551212".
> 
>       2.  Rewrite the TEL URI to a SIP URI, following the Verifier's
> 	  default routing rules.  For example, if outgoing calls are sent
> 	  to the service provider example.net, then "tel:+14085551212" is
> 	  rewritten to "sip:+14085551212@example.net;user=phone".
> 
>       3.  Generate a random nonce.
> 
>       4.  Using the SIP URI constructed in step (2), construct a SIP
> 	  SUBSCRIBE message with Request-URI and To headers that use that
> 	  SIP URI, and an "Expires" header of 0.  The SUBSCRIBE contains
> 	  the random nonce in its body as Content-Type application/
> 	  return-routability-nonce.
> 
>       5.  Send the SUBSCRIBE message.  This will cause the calling party to
> 	  send a NOTIFY."
> 
> Interesting...  Because the verification generated by this algorithm
> is not quite what I expected from how it was described, and it is both
> narrower and probably more useful than what I expected.  The
> verification is that "Within the Verifier's context, the routing rules
> that are in effect send tel:+1234 to the given domain."  This actually
> doesn't say anything about ownership of E.164 numbers (other than that
> E.164 numbers are the space of URIs), but it says a tremendous amount
> about how requests are routed from the Verifier's context:  "If I call
> the given number, will I reach the given domain?"  That's not useful
> for validating an incoming caller based on an asserted E.164 origin
> number (unless one's local E.164 routing is known to be trustable),
> but it's really useful for knowing if I can call the caller back using
> the asserted E.164 number.
> 
> Dale
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Dan, 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Dan Wing
> Sent: 09 April 2008 19:54
> To: Dale.Worley@comcast.net; sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> >    From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
> >    >    If those URIs included ";user=phone", there is a transitive 
> >    >    relationship between the SIP URI and the TEL URI.  Without
> >    >    ";user=phone", I agree that no meaning is supposed to 
> > be applied 
> >    >    to the user-part (the part to the left of the "@").
> >    > 
> >    > True.  In that case, we have SIP URIs which are 
> > essentially aliases
> >    > for tel URIs.  But in that case, any signing should be of the
> >    > fundamental tel URI, which then obviates the problem 
> > with an SBC that
> >    > translates one alias-URI into another.
> > 
> >    But the only mechanism we have to sign, RFC4474, does 
> not provide a
> >    way to sign a tel URI.
> > 
> > OK, so we have several different URIs, sip:1234@domain;user=phone,
> > which are understood to be equivalent to tel:1234 and also to each
> > other, and because of that, SBCs feel free to translate 
> each of these
> > into each other, but the signing mechanism generates 
> signatures which
> > depend on which of these particular URIs is present.  So you have to
> > change either your signing mechanism to recognize the 
> equivalence, or
> > your SBCs to stop exploiting the equivalence.
> 
> Yes, I agree.
> 
> >    >    In SIP, you accomplish something similar to the TCP 
> > SYN cookie by
> >    >    sending a SIP request towards the E.164, asking them 
> > to sign the 
> >    >    request and return it to you.  Details are in 
> >    >    draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt and comments are welcome.
> >    > 
> >    > It seems like this mechanism is at most as certain as the E.164
> >    > mapping that it uses for the "reverse direction".  I 
> > gather from the
> >    > Enum people there is some trouble with that.
> > 
> >    I don't understand your statement; 
> draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt 
> >    does not use ENUM, rather it uses the same routing that the SIP
> >    network (of proxies, B2BUAs, and SBCs) uses.
> > 
> > Sorry, I don't understand.  You said "sending a SIP request towards
> > the E.164", by which I understand an Enum lookup.  Did you mean
> > "sending a SIP request towards a SIP URI which purposts to represent
> > an E.164"?
> 
> draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt says to turn the SIP URI into 
> a TEL URI,
> and then generate a Return Routability Check (RRC) towards 
> that TEL URI:
> 
>   "1.  Strip the domain name of the From:  of the incoming 
> INVITE.  This
>        results in a TEL URI.  For example,
>        "sip:+14085551234@example.com;user=phone" is rewritten to
>        "tel:+14085551212".
> 
>    2.  Rewrite the TEL URI to a SIP URI, following the Verifier's
>        default routing rules.  For example, if outgoing calls are sent
>        to the service provider example.net, then "tel:+14085551212" is
>        rewritten to "sip:+14085551212@example.net;user=phone".
> 
>    3.  Generate a random nonce.
> 
>    4.  Using the SIP URI constructed in step (2), construct a SIP
>        SUBSCRIBE message with Request-URI and To headers that use that
>        SIP URI, and an "Expires" header of 0.  The SUBSCRIBE contains
>        the random nonce in its body as Content-Type application/
>        return-routability-nonce.
> 
>    5.  Send the SUBSCRIBE message.  This will cause the 
> calling party to
>        send a NOTIFY."
> 
> > Once we start thinking about that, it opens the can of 
> worms again, in
> > that validating sip:1234@xxx;user=phone is a different 
> operation than
> > validating sip:1234@yyy;user=phone, so we can validate only one of
> > those two purportedly equivalent SIP URIs.  This seems to 
> lead back to
> > the position that assuming those two URIs are equivalent for any
> > purpose is a Bad Idea, and therefore we should change the SBCs
> > behavior.
> 
> (I assume the omission of "+" in those two URIs was an accident.)
> 
> If I receive two Invites on one day from
> 
>   (a)  sip:+1234@yyy;user=phone
> and
>   (b)  sip:+1234@xxx;user=phone 
> 
> I expect that they were both originated by someone who really 
> does 'own' that
> number.
> 
> If I turn the SIP URL into a TEL URI (tel:+1234), and route 
> it using my
> default routing rules, it could be routed somewhere else
> (sip:+1234@zzz;user=phone), and then to somewhere else again
> (sip:+1234@abcd;user=phone).  But as long as it eventually 
> arrives at the same
> place as (a) or (b) originated from -- then I am happy that 
> my own outbound
> SIP routing thinks that (a) or (b) really do "own" the E.164 
> number "+1234" --
> because that is what my SIP routing says is true.
[JRE] What about the following case? Enterprise.com uses two service
providers, sp1.net for incoming calls and some outgoing calls and
sp2.net for other outgoing calls. It sends an INVITE request via
sp2.net, which signs the E.164-based From URI. The SUBSCRIBE request is
routed via sp1.net to enterprise.com, which will be unable to sign the
NOTIFY request. However, if the outgoing call had gone via sp1.net there
would be no problem. I am not sure whether this behaviour is a good
thing or a bad thing.

Of course, if enterprise.com signs and the signature survives end-to-end
there is no problem and the called user gets a more useful caller ID.

John
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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
To: "'Paul Kyzivat'" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>, <Dale.Worley@comcast.net>
References: <0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D09160BA@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><47F5EBDE.3070907@gmx.net><0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D0916122@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><200804082130.m38LUpUO004626@dragon.ariadne.com><3fa401c899d4$e3ec74a0$c5f0200a@cisco.com><200804090231.m392V1oX026567@dragon.ariadne.com><406b01c899f9$68c470f0$c5f0200a@cisco.com>	<200804091555.m39FtLa6020989@dragon.ariadne.com>	<091b01c89a73$123ea0f0$c5f0200a@cisco.com><200804101751.m3AHpbfD005178@dragon.ariadne.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Paul Kyzivat
> Sent: Thursday, April 10, 2008 12:19 PM
> To: Dale.Worley@comcast.net
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> If I understand what Dan is proposing, the result is that you 
> get a call 
> if the callee believes the caller owns the number, regardless 
> of whether anyone else in the world does.

Right.

And we know our own SIP routing is set up correctly, right?  
Otherwise it's broken and doesn't work for the intended purpose 
-- namely, sending SIP messages to their intended destination.

-d


> 	Paul
> 
> Dale.Worley@comcast.net wrote:
> >    From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
> > 
> >    > Sorry, I don't understand.  You said "sending a SIP 
> request towards
> >    > the E.164", by which I understand an Enum lookup.  Did you mean
> >    > "sending a SIP request towards a SIP URI which 
> purposts to represent
> >    > an E.164"?
> > 
> >    draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc-01.txt says to turn the SIP URI 
> into a TEL URI,
> >    and then generate a Return Routability Check (RRC) 
> towards that TEL URI:
> > 
> >      "1.  Strip the domain name of the From:  of the 
> incoming INVITE.  This
> > 	  results in a TEL URI.  For example,
> > 	  "sip:+14085551234@example.com;user=phone" is rewritten to
> > 	  "tel:+14085551212".
> > 
> >       2.  Rewrite the TEL URI to a SIP URI, following the Verifier's
> > 	  default routing rules.  For example, if outgoing 
> calls are sent
> > 	  to the service provider example.net, then 
> "tel:+14085551212" is
> > 	  rewritten to "sip:+14085551212@example.net;user=phone".
> > 
> >       3.  Generate a random nonce.
> > 
> >       4.  Using the SIP URI constructed in step (2), construct a SIP
> > 	  SUBSCRIBE message with Request-URI and To headers 
> that use that
> > 	  SIP URI, and an "Expires" header of 0.  The SUBSCRIBE contains
> > 	  the random nonce in its body as Content-Type application/
> > 	  return-routability-nonce.
> > 
> >       5.  Send the SUBSCRIBE message.  This will cause the 
> calling party to
> > 	  send a NOTIFY."
> > 
> > Interesting...  Because the verification generated by this algorithm
> > is not quite what I expected from how it was described, and 
> it is both
> > narrower and probably more useful than what I expected.  The
> > verification is that "Within the Verifier's context, the 
> routing rules
> > that are in effect send tel:+1234 to the given domain."  
> This actually
> > doesn't say anything about ownership of E.164 numbers 
> (other than that
> > E.164 numbers are the space of URIs), but it says a 
> tremendous amount
> > about how requests are routed from the Verifier's context:  
> "If I call
> > the given number, will I reach the given domain?"  That's not useful
> > for validating an incoming caller based on an asserted E.164 origin
> > number (unless one's local E.164 routing is known to be trustable),
> > but it's really useful for knowing if I can call the caller 
> back using
> > the asserted E.164 number.
> > 
> > Dale
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> > Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

_______________________________________________
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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
To: "'Elwell, John'" <john.elwell@siemens.com>, <Dale.Worley@comcast.net>,
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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... 
> [JRE] What about the following case? Enterprise.com uses two service
> providers, sp1.net for incoming calls and some outgoing calls and
> sp2.net for other outgoing calls. It sends an INVITE request via
> sp2.net, which signs the E.164-based From URI. The SUBSCRIBE 
> request is
> routed via sp1.net to enterprise.com, which will be unable to sign the
> NOTIFY request. However, if the outgoing call had gone via 
> sp1.net there
> would be no problem. I am not sure whether this behaviour is a good
> thing or a bad thing.

Here is a quick ASCII diagram of what you are describing:

                     sp1.net-<<-
                    /           
                   /             
  Enterprise.com -<
                   \
                    \sp2.net->>-


> Of course, if enterprise.com signs and the signature survives 
> end-to-end there is no problem and the called user gets a more 
> useful caller ID.

Exactly.

If enterprise.com is UNABLE to create a signature, but rather its 
signatures are destroyed and over-written by sp1.net or sp2.net,
then yes, the best that can be done is trust sp1.net and sp2.net
to have Done The Right Thing.  That is not too valuable to me.  
If that is the only value we want or need, we already have RFC4474 
that provides exactly this same characteristic.

draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc is an attempt to provide something 
stronger, so that the message arrives at Enterprise.com and 
they -- not their service provider(s) -- create the signature (as
you said).

-d

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From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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Dale, 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Dale.Worley@comcast.net
> Sent: 10 April 2008 19:01
> To: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164-based SIP URIs and TEL URIs as aliases
> 
> 
>    From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
> 
>    [JRE] But what about other parameters on the right hand side. For
>    example, is
>    tel:+123456789
>    an alias for:
>    sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?
> 
>    I don't think so.
> 
>    And is:
>    sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone;
>    an alias for:
>    sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?
> 
>    I don't think so
> 
>    And is:
>    sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6
>    an alias for:
>    sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?
>    Possibly, assuming by routing the first one to provider.net it
>    eventually gets changed to the latter and routed accordingly.
> 
> Personally, I agree with you that these URIs are all "different".  But
> if we consider them to be different, any signing mechanism must
> consider them to be different, and any transport mechanism must avoid
> changing one of them into another.
> 
> Previously in this discussion, people have argued that SBCs are not
> behaving incorrectly when they change one of these URIs into another,
> and that thus any signing mechanism must tolerate such a substitution.
[JRE] I don't see how we can tolerate the dropping of the gr parameter,
which would happen in a couple of cases above if the URIs concerned were
treated as aliases.

John
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com] 
> Sent: 10 April 2008 15:46
> To: Elwell, John
> Cc: Dale.Worley@comcast.net; sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164-based SIP URIs and TEL URIs as aliases
> 
> 
> 
> Elwell, John wrote:
> >  
> > 
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> >> Behalf Of Dale.Worley@comcast.net
> >> Sent: 09 April 2008 03:31
> >> To: sip@ietf.org
> >> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> >>
> >>
> >>    From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
> >>
> >>    If those URIs included ";user=phone", there is a transitive 
> >>    relationship between the SIP URI and the TEL URI.  Without
> >>    ";user=phone", I agree that no meaning is supposed to 
> be applied 
> >>    to the user-part (the part to the left of the "@").
> >>
> >> True.  In that case, we have SIP URIs which are essentially aliases
> >> for tel URIs.  But in that case, any signing should be of the
> >> fundamental tel URI, which then obviates the problem with 
> an SBC that
> >> translates one alias-URI into another.
> > [JRE] But what about other parameters on the right hand side. For
> > example, is
> > tel:+123456789
> > an alias for:
> > sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?
> > 
> > I don't think so.
> > 
> > And is:
> > sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone;
> > an alias for:
> > sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?
> > 
> > I don't think so
> > 
> > And is:
> > sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6
> > an alias for:
> > sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?
> > Possibly, assuming by routing the first one to provider.net it
> > eventually gets changed to the latter and routed accordingly.
> > 
> > You might ask whether these are valid examples. I believe they are,
> > because the GRUU draft says just add a gr parameter to the 
> AoR, and I
> > believe the user=phone parameter is part of the AoR in this case.
> 
> IMO it is a little fuzzy whether URI parameters are actually 
> part of an 
> AOR. When adding or looking up a URI in a location service, 
> it is first 
> canonicalized by removing all URI parameters, including the "user" 
> parameter. As a result, both
> 
>    sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone
>    sip:+123456789@provider.net
> 
> will route to the same place. 
[JRE] Really? I always thought the purpose of the user=phone parameter
was to distinguish telephone number URIs from other URIs that happen to
look like phone numbers. With the assertion you make above, the
user=phone parameter would serve no purpose.

> Its not entirely clear to me 
> whether the 
> gruu is to be constructed with the canonicalized URI or the original 
> one. But there seems to be nothing to prevent you from 
> registering once 
> using user=phone, and another time omitting it, or using user=ip. And 
> you would get the same location service entry in both cases.
[JRE] That wasn't really the point I was getting at. My concern is that
if user=phone can be part of a GRUU, and if SBCs see this in a
Request-URI and think "oh, it's a telephone number", they might convert
it to a tel URI, or change the domain part in the SIP URI and somehow
contrive to drop the gr parameter. In such cases the GRUU will be
corrupted and will not work.


> 
> 
> > Of course, you wouldn't have a GRUU in a From header field, 
> so this is
> > perhaps not relevant to the RFC 4474 discussion (hence the change of
> > thread name), but it is germane to the issue of how a 
> Request URI can
> > change as it is routed through intermediaries.
> 
> I think the bottom line is that we can't just toss out the 
> term "alias" 
> as something that is well defined. I think that A can be an 
> alias for B 
> for one purpose, but not be an alias for B for some other purpose.
> 
> In this discussion, I think two From-URIs might sometimes be 
> considered 
> aliases of one another if they result in the same callerid display to 
> the recipient, or if calls to both reach the same destination.
[JRE] That might be so, but in the Request-URI it seems to be much more
of a concern. Can anyone shed any light on what SBCs might do if a
Request URI contains both user=phone and gr=xxxx parameters? Hadriel?

John
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Paul,

> > 
> > Are you saying that use of tel:+4085551212 as opposed to
> > sip:+4085551212;user=phone makes it more likely that the call will
be
> > routed to the PSTN?  If so, why would that be?  
> 
> IMO if I give you sip:+4085551212@sp.com, with or without user=phone, 
> then a call back to that URI MUST be via sip, and the 3263 rules say 
> that it MUST be routed to domain sp.com before making any 
> decision about how to reach something associated with the user part.

OK, I'm fine with that.


> If I give you tel:+4085551212, then you have total freedom regarding 
> what protocol to use to reach me, and the path taken. You may just use

> an arbitrary PSTN phone, or an H.323 phone, or a proprietary voip 
> service, or whatever.

I see your point.  In the networks with which I am familiar there is not
such cleverness, though.  They only know SIP and PSTN, and only use PSTN
as a fallback.  So in my limited world, the type of URI (sip vs. tel)
does not impact the liklihood that the call will be transported via SIP.


> >> If the devices are half way smart, even if they only show the
number 
> >> they will keep the entire URI in their call log, so that if I
attempt a
> >> callback via the call log it will use the whole URI. But I expect
some
> >> devices will be dumber than that.
> > 
> > When you say "use the whole URI" do you mean in the R-URI? 
> 
> I was thinking of a device that keeps a log of *incoming* 
> calls, so the From-URI would be appropriate.

Yes, I understand that.  I was asking if you meant that the device would
put the value it extracted from the From-URI into the Request-URI of the
callback.  As opposed for example to putting it in the To-URI and maybe
constructing a R-URI with the same user part ("dialed digits") but a
different host part (identifying the network serving the calling party).
I guess such a thing would be legal.


> > I'm not sure
> > this would be desirable behavior.  If the host part of the R-URI
does
> > not identify a domain for which the network serving the calling
party is
> > authoritative, then as I understand it the network serving the
calling
> > party should simply proxy the INVITE per 3263.  But then how does
the
> > network serving the calling party provide originating services to
its
> > subscriber?
> > 
> > As a practical matter I'll note that in some networks with which I
am
> > familiar, the value to be used in the host part of the R-URI is
dictated
> > by the network.
> 
> If you are originating a call from a dial string, not a URI, then I 
> guess you can formulate the R-URI any way you want. But if the calling

> party is supplying a URI (e.g. one it has saved from a prior received 
> call) then it should be used as-is.

Well as I noted, such a call will fail in some networks with which I am
familiar.  In some cases it may succeed because the network ignores or
its dreaded SBCs overwrite, the host part of the R-URI.  I doubt you'll
find many public networks willing to allow their proxies to be used but
their call servers bypassed.


> If you want some server on the originating end to do something for the

> outbound call, then you should put a Route header in the request 
> identifying the server.

I see how that could work, yes.  Except for the issue that many
currently deployed devices do not support Route headers.   


> 
> As a practical matter, suppose you receive a call from 
> sip:george.bush@whitehouse.gov. If you want to return that call, you 
> have little choice but to use that as the R-URI. You can't very well 
> send it to sip:george.bush@your-sp.com and expect the right 
> thing to happen.

Of course.  But I believe the issue here is specific to URIs that have
telephone numbers as the user part.  

I think the issue we're wrestling with is whether the semantics of the
relationship between user and host part of such URIs is the same as that
of "email style" URIs.  I believe that it is not.

In an email style URI (one whose user part is not a telephone number)
the domain in the host part provides service to the user identified in
the user part.  In a URI whose user part is a telephone number, the
domain in the host part may or may not (i.e., cannot be assumed to)
provide service to the user identified in the user part.  By identifying
"foo.com" in the host part of a URI whose user part contains a telephone
number, I am giving the network authoritative for foo.com the right to
examine for purposes of routing, the user part of the URI.  I am not
implying that that network provides service to the user identified by
the URI's user part.  It might, but if it did that would be
coincidental.


> So, if you received a call from sip:+12125551234@foo.com;user=phone, 
> then IMO the caller had an expectation that callbacks would be
delivered 
> there, not to sip:+12125551234@your-sp.com. But in fact that is
exactly 
> what a lot of systems are doing.

This has nothing to do with where the call is delivered.  If we're
talking about global public telephone numbers, then +12125551234
uniquely identifies an endpoint.  In the absence of erroroneous
configuration both calls will complete to that endpoint.  The only
practical difference is how they get there.  



> 
> >> I don't know that we can do anything about it, except perhaps
publish 
> >> some best practices drafts. But I expect it may be a problem for a
long 
> >> time.
> > 
> > A "best practice" promoting the behavior described above, seems
> > problematic.  Maybe if there are networks somehow fundamentally
unlike
> > that described above (e.g., where there is no concept of originating
> > services), it could be scoped to be applicable to them?  I suppose
this
> > is a general problem with best practices - few are universally
"best".
> 
> I think as a community we are far from agreeing on what "best 
> practices" 
> are.  Hopefully it will eventually be sorted out. But it seems that 
> there is a fair chance that we will never all agree on what best 
> practices are in this regard, and will continue to be 
> partitioned into a 
> bunch of warring feudal communities, with tax collectors on 
> every road.

Frankly I'm missing why this is such a big deal.  If a network changes
sip:+12125551234@foo.com;user=phone to sip:+12125551234@your-sp.com, but
the session anyway terminates to the device at which +12125551234 is
registered, so what?

Tim
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Subject: [Sip] E.164-based SIP URIs and TEL URIs - the purpose for user=phone
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Elwell, John wrote:
[snip]
>>> And is:
>>> sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6
>>> an alias for:
>>> sip:+123456789@example.com;user=phone;gr=abd76gd6  ?
>>> Possibly, assuming by routing the first one to provider.net it
>>> eventually gets changed to the latter and routed accordingly.
>>>
>>> You might ask whether these are valid examples. I believe they are,
>>> because the GRUU draft says just add a gr parameter to the 
>> AoR, and I
>>> believe the user=phone parameter is part of the AoR in this case.
>> IMO it is a little fuzzy whether URI parameters are actually 
>> part of an 
>> AOR. When adding or looking up a URI in a location service, 
>> it is first 
>> canonicalized by removing all URI parameters, including the "user" 
>> parameter. As a result, both
>>
>>    sip:+123456789@provider.net;user=phone
>>    sip:+123456789@provider.net
>>
>> will route to the same place. 
> [JRE] Really? I always thought the purpose of the user=phone parameter
> was to distinguish telephone number URIs from other URIs that happen to
> look like phone numbers. With the assertion you make above, the
> user=phone parameter would serve no purpose.

At one point I thought that too - that the user= parameter defined 
alternative namespaces for the user part of the uri, within the same 
domain. But then the relevant portions of 3261 were pointed out to me, 
which contradicted that idea:

3261 Section 10.3:

       5. The registrar extracts the address-of-record from the To header
          field of the request.  If the address-of-record is not valid
          for the domain in the Request-URI, the registrar MUST send a
          404 (Not Found) response and skip the remaining steps.  The URI
          MUST then be converted to a canonical form.  To do that, all
          URI parameters MUST be removed (including the user-param), and
          any escaped characters MUST be converted to their unescaped
          form.  The result serves as an index into the list of bindings.

3261 Section 16.5

    ...  When accessing the
    location service constructed by a registrar, the Request-URI MUST
    first be canonicalized as described in Section 10.3 before being used
    as an index.  The output of these mechanisms is used to construct the
    target set.

The end result is that the user= parameter really has no significance.

Section 19.1.1 says:

          The set of valid telephone-subscriber strings is a subset of
          valid user strings.  The user URI parameter exists to
          distinguish telephone numbers from user names that happen to
          look like telephone numbers.  If the user string contains a
          telephone number formatted as a telephone-subscriber, the user
          parameter value "phone" SHOULD be present.  Even without this
          parameter, recipients of SIP and SIPS URIs MAY interpret the
          pre-@ part as a telephone number if local restrictions on the
          name space for user name allow it.

Based on the above, its not that a given domain can have the same string 
represent a telephone number *and* something else. It can only do one or 
the other for any given string. The parameter is only an informative 
qualifier regarding which it is. But I don't know who it is supposed to 
be informing. The servers running within the domain presumably already 
know this.

Section 16.5 (Re proxies) says:

    If the domain of the Request-URI indicates a domain this element is
    not responsible for, the Request-URI MUST be placed into the target
    set as the only target, and the element MUST proceed to the task of
    Request Forwarding (Section 16.6).

       There are many circumstances in which a proxy might receive a
       request for a domain it is not responsible for.  A firewall proxy
       handling outgoing calls (the way HTTP proxies handle outgoing
       requests) is an example of where this is likely to occur.

Section 16.6 then gives the steps for request forwarding. In this case 
these don't change the R-URI since the target is the same as the old 
R-URI. The only way the parameters or the user portion of the R-URI can 
enter in here is in adding extra headers to the request, notably 
including Route headers. So the fact that this includes what seems to be 
a phone number could result in a Route header whose value depends on 
that phone number. But that just results in visiting added intermediate 
stops, not what the final destination is.

So, the only remaining way for this parameter to influence anything is 
in a UAS.

Section 8.2.2.1 says:

    However, the Request-URI identifies the UAS that is to process the
    request.  If the Request-URI uses a scheme not supported by the UAS,
    it SHOULD reject the request with a 416 (Unsupported URI Scheme)
    response.  If the Request-URI does not identify an address that the
    UAS is willing to accept requests for, it SHOULD reject the request
    with a 404 (Not Found) response.

Apparently the UAS only must be *willing* to process the URI - there is 
no requirement that it *be responsible* for the domain of the R-URI. IMO 
that is a mistake, but it seems to be the normative justification for SBCs.

So, a UAS that is willing may receive a request for any old domain. And 
then I guess it is free to use the user= parameter to decide that the 
user part of the URI is in tel format, and it then may decide to 
generate a *different* request to some other destination that it thinks 
is responsible for the phone number, and link the two requests.

So apparently that is the value of the user parameter.

	Paul

>> Its not entirely clear to me 
>> whether the 
>> gruu is to be constructed with the canonicalized URI or the original 
>> one. But there seems to be nothing to prevent you from 
>> registering once 
>> using user=phone, and another time omitting it, or using user=ip. And 
>> you would get the same location service entry in both cases.
> [JRE] That wasn't really the point I was getting at. My concern is that
> if user=phone can be part of a GRUU, and if SBCs see this in a
> Request-URI and think "oh, it's a telephone number", they might convert
> it to a tel URI, or change the domain part in the SIP URI and somehow
> contrive to drop the gr parameter. In such cases the GRUU will be
> corrupted and will not work.
> 
> 
>>
>>> Of course, you wouldn't have a GRUU in a From header field, 
>> so this is
>>> perhaps not relevant to the RFC 4474 discussion (hence the change of
>>> thread name), but it is germane to the issue of how a 
>> Request URI can
>>> change as it is routed through intermediaries.
>> I think the bottom line is that we can't just toss out the 
>> term "alias" 
>> as something that is well defined. I think that A can be an 
>> alias for B 
>> for one purpose, but not be an alias for B for some other purpose.
>>
>> In this discussion, I think two From-URIs might sometimes be 
>> considered 
>> aliases of one another if they result in the same callerid display to 
>> the recipient, or if calls to both reach the same destination.
> [JRE] That might be so, but in the Request-URI it seems to be much more
> of a concern. Can anyone shed any light on what SBCs might do if a
> Request URI contains both user=phone and gr=xxxx parameters? Hadriel?
> 
> John
> 
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>, Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Dwight, Timothy M (Tim) wrote:
> Paul,
> 
>>> Are you saying that use of tel:+4085551212 as opposed to
>>> sip:+4085551212;user=phone makes it more likely that the call will
> be
>>> routed to the PSTN?  If so, why would that be?  
>> IMO if I give you sip:+4085551212@sp.com, with or without user=phone, 
>> then a call back to that URI MUST be via sip, and the 3263 rules say 
>> that it MUST be routed to domain sp.com before making any 
>> decision about how to reach something associated with the user part.
> 
> OK, I'm fine with that.
> 
> 
>> If I give you tel:+4085551212, then you have total freedom regarding 
>> what protocol to use to reach me, and the path taken. You may just use
> 
>> an arbitrary PSTN phone, or an H.323 phone, or a proprietary voip 
>> service, or whatever.
> 
> I see your point.  In the networks with which I am familiar there is not
> such cleverness, though.  They only know SIP and PSTN, and only use PSTN
> as a fallback.  So in my limited world, the type of URI (sip vs. tel)
> does not impact the liklihood that the call will be transported via SIP.
> 
> 
>>>> If the devices are half way smart, even if they only show the
> number 
>>>> they will keep the entire URI in their call log, so that if I
> attempt a
>>>> callback via the call log it will use the whole URI. But I expect
> some
>>>> devices will be dumber than that.
>>> When you say "use the whole URI" do you mean in the R-URI? 
>> I was thinking of a device that keeps a log of *incoming* 
>> calls, so the From-URI would be appropriate.
> 
> Yes, I understand that.  I was asking if you meant that the device would
> put the value it extracted from the From-URI into the Request-URI of the
> callback.  As opposed for example to putting it in the To-URI and maybe
> constructing a R-URI with the same user part ("dialed digits") but a
> different host part (identifying the network serving the calling party).
> I guess such a thing would be legal.

Section 8.1.1.1 of 3261 applies here:

    The initial Request-URI of the message SHOULD be set to the value of
    the URI in the To field.  One notable exception is the REGISTER
    method; behavior for setting the Request-URI of REGISTER is given in
    Section 10.  It may also be undesirable for privacy reasons or
    convenience to set these fields to the same value (especially if the
    originating UA expects that the Request-URI will be changed during
    transit).

    In some special circumstances, the presence of a pre-existing route
    set can affect the Request-URI of the message.  A pre-existing route
    set is an ordered set of URIs that identify a chain of servers, to
    which a UAC will send outgoing requests that are outside of a dialog.
    Commonly, they are configured on the UA by a user or service provider
    manually, or through some other non-SIP mechanism.  When a provider
    wishes to configure a UA with an outbound proxy, it is RECOMMENDED
    that this be done by providing it with a pre-existing route set with
    a single URI, that of the outbound proxy.

    When a pre-existing route set is present, the procedures for
    populating the Request-URI and Route header field detailed in Section
    12.2.1.1 MUST be followed (even though there is no dialog), using the
    desired Request-URI as the remote target URI.

The only case in which R-URI won't equal the To-URI is if there is a 
preexisting route set and the first route in that set is a 
strict-router. In that case the To-URI will end up as the last value of 
the Route header.

Loose routing has been defined for five years or so now. It generally 
ought to be supported. So in general the R-URI should equal the To-URI. 
In my example they would both equal what was in the From-URI of the 
incoming call that is now being returned.

>>> I'm not sure
>>> this would be desirable behavior.  If the host part of the R-URI
> does
>>> not identify a domain for which the network serving the calling
> party is
>>> authoritative, then as I understand it the network serving the
> calling
>>> party should simply proxy the INVITE per 3263.  But then how does
> the
>>> network serving the calling party provide originating services to
> its
>>> subscriber?
>>>
>>> As a practical matter I'll note that in some networks with which I
> am
>>> familiar, the value to be used in the host part of the R-URI is
> dictated
>>> by the network.
>> If you are originating a call from a dial string, not a URI, then I 
>> guess you can formulate the R-URI any way you want. But if the calling 
>> party is supplying a URI (e.g. one it has saved from a prior received 
>> call) then it should be used as-is.
> 
> Well as I noted, such a call will fail in some networks with which I am
> familiar.  In some cases it may succeed because the network ignores or
> its dreaded SBCs overwrite, the host part of the R-URI.  I doubt you'll
> find many public networks willing to allow their proxies to be used but
> their call servers bypassed.

Their proxies don't have to be bypassed. Those proxies just become part 
of a preexisting route set known to the UAC and populated into the Route 
header.

>> If you want some server on the originating end to do something for the 
>> outbound call, then you should put a Route header in the request 
>> identifying the server.
> 
> I see how that could work, yes.  Except for the issue that many
> currently deployed devices do not support Route headers.   

Its about time they got with the program.

>> As a practical matter, suppose you receive a call from 
>> sip:george.bush@whitehouse.gov. If you want to return that call, you 
>> have little choice but to use that as the R-URI. You can't very well 
>> send it to sip:george.bush@your-sp.com and expect the right 
>> thing to happen.
> 
> Of course.  But I believe the issue here is specific to URIs that have
> telephone numbers as the user part.  
> 
> I think the issue we're wrestling with is whether the semantics of the
> relationship between user and host part of such URIs is the same as that
> of "email style" URIs.  I believe that it is not.

It should be the same until you get to the target domain.

But I just posted another message on a closely related point that goes 
into this more. You might want to reply to that.

And I don't see how treating them differently helps you. Won't your SP 
still want to provide originating services when I'm calling 
sip:george.bush@whitehouse.gov? How will it do so?

> In an email style URI (one whose user part is not a telephone number)
> the domain in the host part provides service to the user identified in
> the user part.  In a URI whose user part is a telephone number, the
> domain in the host part may or may not (i.e., cannot be assumed to)
> provide service to the user identified in the user part. 

I think we can/should assume that it is *claiming* responsibility, at 
least to the extent that return calls to this URI should pass through 
it, perhaps after passing through other servers. It may decide to relay 
the call on elsewhere, but initially it is to be assumed to be the 
responsible domain. As I note in my other post, proxies MUST treat it 
that way.

> By identifying
> "foo.com" in the host part of a URI whose user part contains a telephone
> number, I am giving the network authoritative for foo.com the right to
> examine for purposes of routing, the user part of the URI.  I am not
> implying that that network provides service to the user identified by
> the URI's user part.  It might, but if it did that would be
> coincidental.

That is really true for any URI. When the request reaches a server 
authoritative for the domain of the URI it is some sense has reached its 
destination - the place the stated in the URI. It is up to that server 
to decide if it really wants to respond, or to forward it on to some 
*other* *more* responsible server.

There is no law that says how a server responsible for a domain is to 
interpret the user part. Even if the URI looks like a phone number and 
there is a user=phone param, it is not *obligated* to deliver the 
request to some place that the *caller* thinks owns that phone number. 
It can make its own decision.

Now this may all still work, swapping domain names while leaving the 
user part alone. But only if it is done amongst a bunch of "consenting 
adult" servers that have a consistent policy about the handling of the 
user part.

>> So, if you received a call from sip:+12125551234@foo.com;user=phone, 
>> then IMO the caller had an expectation that callbacks would be
> delivered 
>> there, not to sip:+12125551234@your-sp.com. But in fact that is
> exactly 
>> what a lot of systems are doing.
> 
> This has nothing to do with where the call is delivered.  If we're
> talking about global public telephone numbers, then +12125551234
> uniquely identifies an endpoint.  In the absence of erroroneous
> configuration both calls will complete to that endpoint.  The only
> practical difference is how they get there.  

*You* may think that +12125551234 uniquely identifies the endpoint. But 
that doesn't mean that foo.com agrees with you. foo.com minted the URI 
with the expectation that requests would be delivered to it.

You may sent it to your-sp.com *first*, but ultimately you ought to be 
getting it to the foo.com server with sip:+12125551234@foo.com as the R-URI.

A key difference in this regard is that if you are obligated to get it 
to sip:+12125551234@foo.com then you won't be able to route it via the 
PSTN. That may be exactly what foo.com intended.

>>>> I don't know that we can do anything about it, except perhaps
> publish 
>>>> some best practices drafts. But I expect it may be a problem for a
> long 
>>>> time.
>>> A "best practice" promoting the behavior described above, seems
>>> problematic.  Maybe if there are networks somehow fundamentally
> unlike
>>> that described above (e.g., where there is no concept of originating
>>> services), it could be scoped to be applicable to them?  I suppose
> this
>>> is a general problem with best practices - few are universally
> "best".
>> I think as a community we are far from agreeing on what "best 
>> practices" 
>> are.  Hopefully it will eventually be sorted out. But it seems that 
>> there is a fair chance that we will never all agree on what best 
>> practices are in this regard, and will continue to be 
>> partitioned into a 
>> bunch of warring feudal communities, with tax collectors on 
>> every road.
> 
> Frankly I'm missing why this is such a big deal.  If a network changes
> sip:+12125551234@foo.com;user=phone to sip:+12125551234@your-sp.com, but
> the session anyway terminates to the device at which +12125551234 is
> registered, so what?

Getting an e2e sip connection can be a big deal. It means I can 
potentially use a variety of media, rather than just voice, and I can 
use various call control primitives that wouldn't otherwise be available.

What you want can easily be achieved if the caller starts out with a tel 
uri in the r-uri field. But then it has the latitude to decide which it 
wants to do.

	Paul
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>, Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Date: Thu, 10 Apr 2008 21:01:33 -0400
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Elwell, John [mailto:john.elwell@siemens.com]
>
> [JRE] That might be so, but in the Request-URI it seems to be much more
> of a concern. Can anyone shed any light on what SBCs might do if a
> Request URI contains both user=phone and gr=xxxx parameters? Hadriel?

That's unknowable.  There are over a dozen SBC vendors, according to the analysts, possibly as many as 30 depending on your definition, though many of them are only seen in specific markets or regions.  Even if you could ask all of them, they wouldn't be able to answer, because it's basically highly configurable. (and my guess is it is on other SIP devices too)

I know we've had a problem with it in one case where we weren't trying to prevent it from working, but in talking with some people in IETF-Philly I'm still not sure if it was specific to our config in that case, or just a problem gruu would have even with legacy true-3261 networks in general. (my guess is it's specific to SBCs, or really any b2bua, because most b2bua's replace the Contact URI, and gruu is subsequently broken... and there are a LOT more b2bua's than just SBCs)

In general though, Paul wasn't far off on the bogey-man - the whole idea of an SBC is to give total control to the owner of the SBC, imo.  (I just happen to think that's ok)  For example my company's SBC doesn't modify the req-uri unless it's set to, which of course most everyone does the instant they install it.

In my personal opinion this type of stuff can be changed by vendors or their customers through configs, and will be if it provides value, so long as it doesn't conflict with their other goals.  That's why I wrote the draft-kaplan-sip-uris-change draft.  All providers want calls to work, imho.

-hadriel

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Paul
> Kyzivat
>
> IMO if I give you sip:+4085551212@sp.com, with or without user=phone,
> then a call back to that URI MUST be via sip, and the 3263 rules say
> that it MUST be routed to domain sp.com before making any decision about
> how to reach something associated with the user part.

Interesting.  You said "if I give you... then a call *back* to that MUST be via sip".  In what way do you mean "if I give you..."?  Like in the From-URI of an outgoing request?  Or out-of-band (e.g., on a business card)?  Or both?


> If you are originating a call from a dial string, not a URI, then I
> guess you can formulate the R-URI any way you want. But if the calling
> party is supplying a URI (e.g. one it has saved from a prior received
> call) then it should be used as-is.

So how are we to tell which one it was, if you can formulate a dial string any which way? (I'm confused)


> If you want some server on the originating end to do something for the
> outbound call, then you should put a Route header in the request
> identifying the server.

And I wish that would work, but in many cases it won't.  For some of those cases I think it's because of bad equipment, and hopefully not a permanent problem.  But the From-URI you end up getting has a host-part that is of the previous or local domain, instead of the real originating domain, and thus the Req/To-URI you end up generating later will likewise be the local or next-domain.  If we could get wider vendor support for Tel-URIs (and Route headers), this problem will go away eventually... I hope.

-hadriel
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From: Dan York <dyork@voxeo.com>
Date: Thu, 10 Apr 2008 22:40:04 -0400
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On Apr 9, 2008, at 9:10 PM, Dan Wing wrote:
Dan,

>
>> S 4.3.
>> The entire section on shared key conferencing doesn't lead to any
>> requirements as far as I can tell. Does it make sense to remove
>> it from this document?
>
> Right.  It seems useful to leave it in, as mentioned at the beginning
> of the section:
>
>    The consensus on the RTPSEC mailing list was to concentrate on
>    unicast, point-to-point sessions.  Thus, there are no requirements
>    related to shared key conferencing.  This section is retained for
>    informational purposes.
>
> if others agree it should be removed, I can remove it.
>

DY> I agree that it is useful to leave the information in there,  
primarily to prevent people reading the document and saying "But what  
about shared key conferencing?".  However, it does seem somewhat  
strange to have it there in the Call Scenarios section when there are  
no requirements for that particular call scenario.

DY> What if you were to move it into an Appendix - perhaps into the  
existing Appendix B where you have already indicated that shared key  
conferencing is out-of-scope (this section would then elaborate on  
the point of why it is difficult), or perhaps into a new Appendix.

My 2 cents,
Dan

-- 
Dan York, CISSP, Director of Emerging Communication Technology
Office of the CTO    Voxeo Corporation     dyork@voxeo.com
Phone: +1-407-455-5859  Skype: danyork  http://www.voxeo.com
Blogs: http://blogs.voxeo.com  http://www.disruptivetelephony.com

Build voice applications based on open standards.
Find out how at http://www.voxeo.com/free






--Apple-Mail-30--206346027
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<html><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">
<br><div><html>On Apr 9, 2008, at 9:10 PM, Dan Wing =
wrote:</html>Dan,</div><div><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div> <blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">S 4.3.</div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">The entire section on shared key conferencing =
doesn't lead to any</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">requirements as far as I =
can tell. Does it make sense to remove</div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">it from =
this document?</div> </blockquote><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><br></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Right.<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </span>It seems useful to leave it =
in, as mentioned at the beginning</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">of the =
section:</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; "><span class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0=A0 =
</span>The consensus on the RTPSEC mailing list was to concentrate =
on</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: =
0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0=A0 =
</span>unicast, point-to-point sessions.<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </span>Thus, there are no =
requirements</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0=A0 </span>related to shared key =
conferencing.<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </span>This =
section is retained for</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0=A0 </span>informational =
purposes.</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">if others agree it should be removed, I can remove =
it.</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; =
"><br></div></blockquote><br></div><div>DY> I agree that it is useful to =
leave the information in there, primarily to prevent people reading the =
document and saying "But what about shared key conferencing?". =A0However,=
 it does seem somewhat strange to have it there in the Call Scenarios =
section when there are no requirements for that particular call =
scenario.</div><div><br></div><div>DY> What if you were to move it into =
an Appendix - perhaps into the existing Appendix B where you have =
already indicated that shared key conferencing is out-of-scope (this =
section would then elaborate on the point of why it is difficult), or =
perhaps into a new Appendix.</div><div><br></div><div>My 2 =
cents,</div><div>Dan</div><div><br></div><div> <span =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"border-collapse: separate; color: =
rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: =
normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: =
0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: =
0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><span class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: =
0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); =
font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; =
font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; =
line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; =
text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; =
orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">--=A0</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Dan York, =
CISSP, Director of Emerging Communication Technology</div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Office of the CTO=A0 =A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span>Voxeo Corporation<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span>=A0 =A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><a =
href=3D"mailto:dyork@voxeo.com">dyork@voxeo.com</a></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Phone: +1-407-455-5859=A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span>Skype: danyork=A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><a =
href=3D"http://www.voxeo.com">http://www.voxeo.com</a></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Blogs: <a =
href=3D"http://blogs.voxeo.com">http://blogs.voxeo.com</a>=A0<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><a =
href=3D"http://www.disruptivetelephony.com">http://www.disruptivetelephony=
.com</a></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal =
12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Build voice applications based on open =
standards.</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Find out how at <a =
href=3D"http://www.voxeo.com/free">http://www.voxeo.com/free</a></div><div=
 style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; =
min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal =
normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></div><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"></span></span><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"> </div><br></body></html>=

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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Paul
>> Kyzivat
>>
>> IMO if I give you sip:+4085551212@sp.com, with or without user=phone,
>> then a call back to that URI MUST be via sip, and the 3263 rules say
>> that it MUST be routed to domain sp.com before making any decision about
>> how to reach something associated with the user part.
> 
> Interesting.  You said "if I give you... then a call *back* to that MUST be via sip".  In what way do you mean "if I give you..."?  Like in the From-URI of an outgoing request?  Or out-of-band (e.g., on a business card)?  Or both?

Sorry - I wasn't clear.

In this case what I had in mind (by referring to a "call back") was that 
  I gave it to you in a From-URI.

That's just one use case. A similar one would be if I gave it to you in 
a vcard and you called me (not *back* in this case) using the URI from that.

>> If you are originating a call from a dial string, not a URI, then I
>> guess you can formulate the R-URI any way you want. But if the calling
>> party is supplying a URI (e.g. one it has saved from a prior received
>> call) then it should be used as-is.
> 
> So how are we to tell which one it was, if you can formulate a dial string any which way? (I'm confused)

What I meant was: if you are a device with a URI that receives digits 
and uses them to construct a URI, rather than receiving a URI, then you 
can create the URI any way you want. We don't have a lot of rules about it.

For instance, you could just take the digits, slap "sip:" on the front, 
and "@domain;user=dialstring" on the back, and it would be very 
explicit. But of course almost nobody does that.

Or you could do the above but leave the user=dialstring off, on the 
agreement that it will be understood as a dialstring.

Or you could use some dial plan info local to the UAC to translate the 
dial string into an E.164 number, and then put that into a sip: or tel: URI.

How the UA decides if it is getting a dial string or a URI is up to it, 
and is strongly a function of its UI. In many cases this will be quite 
obvious. (E.g. If all it has is a number pad.) If the device is capable 
of full keyboard input, then it may always expect full URIs, or it may 
take either and distinguish based on the syntax of the text entered.

>> If you want some server on the originating end to do something for the
>> outbound call, then you should put a Route header in the request
>> identifying the server.
> 
> And I wish that would work, but in many cases it won't. 

AFAIK we are in the business of determining the valid ways of doing 
things. If implementations choose to do otherwise all we can do is keep 
encouraging.

> For some of those cases I think it's because of bad equipment, and hopefully not a permanent problem.  But the From-URI you end up getting has a host-part that is of the previous or local domain, instead of the real originating domain, and thus the Req/To-URI you end up generating later will likewise be the local or next-domain.  If we could get wider vendor support for Tel-URIs (and Route headers), this problem will go away eventually... I hope.

The problem with trying to make up for the inadequacies of the neighbors 
is - how do you know which ones do it right and which do it wrong?

I guess you SBC guys can keep getting the business to try to solve that 
problem. But it really means a bunch of configuration about the 
idiosyncrasies of all the peers. That only works when there are a 
limited number of them.

	Paul

> -hadriel
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Date: Thu, 10 Apr 2008 23:17:45 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
>
> In this case what I had in mind (by referring to a "call back") was that
>   I gave it to you in a From-URI.

Ah, ok.  The only issue then is that when a UAC generates a request, it's not really clear how it should know when it wants things back *only* via SIP, or when it doesn't care.  For example, if you make a phone call, why would your UAC use a From-URI of TEL?

It would (typically) be your registered AoR, and sip:me@domain.  And yet I doubt very much that most phones, or their users, really care whether people calling them *back* go through the PSTN or not to reach their SIP phone.  I bet most of them have no idea they're even *using* a SIP phone.


> >> If you want some server on the originating end to do something for the
> >> outbound call, then you should put a Route header in the request
> >> identifying the server.
> >
> > And I wish that would work, but in many cases it won't.
>
> AFAIK we are in the business of determining the valid ways of doing
> things. If implementations choose to do otherwise all we can do is keep
> encouraging.

Absolutely.  But pragmatism has its place too. (I'm not saying this is one of those times though)


> The problem with trying to make up for the inadequacies of the neighbors
> is - how do you know which ones do it right and which do it wrong?

With some things it's part of the peering agreement (e.g., a "profile"), with some things it's based on device-specific config or vendor-profiles.  But for some things it's a lowest-common-denominator: change it to what works with every device.


> I guess you SBC guys can keep getting the business to try to solve that
> problem. But it really means a bunch of configuration about the
> idiosyncrasies of all the peers. That only works when there are a
> limited number of them.

Yup, and why I'm trying to get things to stop needing to be "fixed".  It's not core to an SBC's value prop, and not a good long-term strategy for such.

-hadriel
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Thanks, Paul.  This has been a useful exchange.

I agree with you that we need to be able to provide originating services
to the calling party without forcing the R-URI to identify a domain for
which the calling party's network is authoritative.  And as you note
this is mandatory to support "email style" R-URIs.  Inclusion of a Route
header seems like a good solution, albeit one dependent on supplier
implementation.  IMS offers another.

On reflection I'm not sure the rule that "if I give you
sip:+4085551212@sp.com, with or without user=phone, then a call back to
that URI MUST be via sip" is advisable.  What if there's no VoIP peering
agreement between my network and the network authoritative for 'sp.com'?
Which would you prefer, that the call fail or that it be routed via the
PSTN?  Given that there's no practical way to know each caller's
preference, networks will have to implement some "reasonable" policy.
To me it seems reasonable to expect that someone who identifies himself
with a telephone number would not be opposed to receiving calls via the
PSTN, if that's the only way they can be delivered.

I'm not sure what you mean by "foo.com minted the URI with the
expectation that requests would be delivered to it".  I'm not sure what
"minting" means, but hopefully it doesn't involve foo.com generating
calls whose From-URI imbeds a telephone number for which foo.com is not
responsible.  "Responsibility" is a bit vague, but basically I mean that
either the number is assigned to foo.com by the numbering plan
authority, the number is ported to foo.com, or use of the number is
authorized to foo.com by its legitimate owner (e.g., through a wholesale
arrangement).  The issue is that there be a "chain of custody" leading
to the entity providing service to the number.  Implementation of lawful
intercept, for example, relies on this.

tim


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com] 
> Sent: Thursday, April 10, 2008 6:34 PM
> To: Dwight, Timothy M (Tim)
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Francois Audet; Dan Wing
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> 
> 
> Dwight, Timothy M (Tim) wrote:
> > Paul,
> > 
> >>> Are you saying that use of tel:+4085551212 as opposed to
> >>> sip:+4085551212;user=phone makes it more likely that the call will
> > be
> >>> routed to the PSTN?  If so, why would that be?  
> >> IMO if I give you sip:+4085551212@sp.com, with or without 
> user=phone, 
> >> then a call back to that URI MUST be via sip, and the 3263 
> rules say 
> >> that it MUST be routed to domain sp.com before making any 
> >> decision about how to reach something associated with the 
> user part.
> > 
> > OK, I'm fine with that.
> > 
> > 
> >> If I give you tel:+4085551212, then you have total freedom 
> regarding 
> >> what protocol to use to reach me, and the path taken. You 
> may just use
> > 
> >> an arbitrary PSTN phone, or an H.323 phone, or a proprietary voip 
> >> service, or whatever.
> > 
> > I see your point.  In the networks with which I am familiar 
> there is not
> > such cleverness, though.  They only know SIP and PSTN, and 
> only use PSTN
> > as a fallback.  So in my limited world, the type of URI 
> (sip vs. tel)
> > does not impact the liklihood that the call will be 
> transported via SIP.
> > 
> > 
> >>>> If the devices are half way smart, even if they only show the
> > number 
> >>>> they will keep the entire URI in their call log, so that if I
> > attempt a
> >>>> callback via the call log it will use the whole URI. But I expect
> > some
> >>>> devices will be dumber than that.
> >>> When you say "use the whole URI" do you mean in the R-URI? 
> >> I was thinking of a device that keeps a log of *incoming* 
> >> calls, so the From-URI would be appropriate.
> > 
> > Yes, I understand that.  I was asking if you meant that the 
> device would
> > put the value it extracted from the From-URI into the 
> Request-URI of the
> > callback.  As opposed for example to putting it in the 
> To-URI and maybe
> > constructing a R-URI with the same user part ("dialed digits") but a
> > different host part (identifying the network serving the 
> calling party).
> > I guess such a thing would be legal.
> 
> Section 8.1.1.1 of 3261 applies here:
> 
>     The initial Request-URI of the message SHOULD be set to 
> the value of
>     the URI in the To field.  One notable exception is the REGISTER
>     method; behavior for setting the Request-URI of REGISTER 
> is given in
>     Section 10.  It may also be undesirable for privacy reasons or
>     convenience to set these fields to the same value 
> (especially if the
>     originating UA expects that the Request-URI will be changed during
>     transit).
> 
>     In some special circumstances, the presence of a 
> pre-existing route
>     set can affect the Request-URI of the message.  A 
> pre-existing route
>     set is an ordered set of URIs that identify a chain of servers, to
>     which a UAC will send outgoing requests that are outside 
> of a dialog.
>     Commonly, they are configured on the UA by a user or 
> service provider
>     manually, or through some other non-SIP mechanism.  When 
> a provider
>     wishes to configure a UA with an outbound proxy, it is RECOMMENDED
>     that this be done by providing it with a pre-existing 
> route set with
>     a single URI, that of the outbound proxy.
> 
>     When a pre-existing route set is present, the procedures for
>     populating the Request-URI and Route header field 
> detailed in Section
>     12.2.1.1 MUST be followed (even though there is no 
> dialog), using the
>     desired Request-URI as the remote target URI.
> 
> The only case in which R-URI won't equal the To-URI is if there is a 
> preexisting route set and the first route in that set is a 
> strict-router. In that case the To-URI will end up as the 
> last value of 
> the Route header.
> 
> Loose routing has been defined for five years or so now. It generally 
> ought to be supported. So in general the R-URI should equal 
> the To-URI. 
> In my example they would both equal what was in the From-URI of the 
> incoming call that is now being returned.
> 
> >>> I'm not sure
> >>> this would be desirable behavior.  If the host part of the R-URI
> > does
> >>> not identify a domain for which the network serving the calling
> > party is
> >>> authoritative, then as I understand it the network serving the
> > calling
> >>> party should simply proxy the INVITE per 3263.  But then how does
> > the
> >>> network serving the calling party provide originating services to
> > its
> >>> subscriber?
> >>>
> >>> As a practical matter I'll note that in some networks with which I
> > am
> >>> familiar, the value to be used in the host part of the R-URI is
> > dictated
> >>> by the network.
> >> If you are originating a call from a dial string, not a 
> URI, then I 
> >> guess you can formulate the R-URI any way you want. But if 
> the calling 
> >> party is supplying a URI (e.g. one it has saved from a 
> prior received 
> >> call) then it should be used as-is.
> > 
> > Well as I noted, such a call will fail in some networks 
> with which I am
> > familiar.  In some cases it may succeed because the network 
> ignores or
> > its dreaded SBCs overwrite, the host part of the R-URI.  I 
> doubt you'll
> > find many public networks willing to allow their proxies to 
> be used but
> > their call servers bypassed.
> 
> Their proxies don't have to be bypassed. Those proxies just 
> become part 
> of a preexisting route set known to the UAC and populated 
> into the Route 
> header.
> 
> >> If you want some server on the originating end to do 
> something for the 
> >> outbound call, then you should put a Route header in the request 
> >> identifying the server.
> > 
> > I see how that could work, yes.  Except for the issue that many
> > currently deployed devices do not support Route headers.   
> 
> Its about time they got with the program.
> 
> >> As a practical matter, suppose you receive a call from 
> >> sip:george.bush@whitehouse.gov. If you want to return that 
> call, you 
> >> have little choice but to use that as the R-URI. You can't 
> very well 
> >> send it to sip:george.bush@your-sp.com and expect the right 
> >> thing to happen.
> > 
> > Of course.  But I believe the issue here is specific to 
> URIs that have
> > telephone numbers as the user part.  
> > 
> > I think the issue we're wrestling with is whether the 
> semantics of the
> > relationship between user and host part of such URIs is the 
> same as that
> > of "email style" URIs.  I believe that it is not.
> 
> It should be the same until you get to the target domain.
> 
> But I just posted another message on a closely related point 
> that goes 
> into this more. You might want to reply to that.
> 
> And I don't see how treating them differently helps you. 
> Won't your SP 
> still want to provide originating services when I'm calling 
> sip:george.bush@whitehouse.gov? How will it do so?
> 
> > In an email style URI (one whose user part is not a 
> telephone number)
> > the domain in the host part provides service to the user 
> identified in
> > the user part.  In a URI whose user part is a telephone number, the
> > domain in the host part may or may not (i.e., cannot be assumed to)
> > provide service to the user identified in the user part. 
> 
> I think we can/should assume that it is *claiming* responsibility, at 
> least to the extent that return calls to this URI should pass through 
> it, perhaps after passing through other servers. It may 
> decide to relay 
> the call on elsewhere, but initially it is to be assumed to be the 
> responsible domain. As I note in my other post, proxies MUST treat it 
> that way.
> 
> > By identifying
> > "foo.com" in the host part of a URI whose user part 
> contains a telephone
> > number, I am giving the network authoritative for foo.com 
> the right to
> > examine for purposes of routing, the user part of the URI.  I am not
> > implying that that network provides service to the user 
> identified by
> > the URI's user part.  It might, but if it did that would be
> > coincidental.
> 
> That is really true for any URI. When the request reaches a server 
> authoritative for the domain of the URI it is some sense has 
> reached its 
> destination - the place the stated in the URI. It is up to 
> that server 
> to decide if it really wants to respond, or to forward it on to some 
> *other* *more* responsible server.
> 
> There is no law that says how a server responsible for a domain is to 
> interpret the user part. Even if the URI looks like a phone 
> number and 
> there is a user=phone param, it is not *obligated* to deliver the 
> request to some place that the *caller* thinks owns that 
> phone number. 
> It can make its own decision.
> 
> Now this may all still work, swapping domain names while leaving the 
> user part alone. But only if it is done amongst a bunch of 
> "consenting 
> adult" servers that have a consistent policy about the 
> handling of the 
> user part.
> 
> >> So, if you received a call from 
> sip:+12125551234@foo.com;user=phone, 
> >> then IMO the caller had an expectation that callbacks would be
> > delivered 
> >> there, not to sip:+12125551234@your-sp.com. But in fact that is
> > exactly 
> >> what a lot of systems are doing.
> > 
> > This has nothing to do with where the call is delivered.  If we're
> > talking about global public telephone numbers, then +12125551234
> > uniquely identifies an endpoint.  In the absence of erroroneous
> > configuration both calls will complete to that endpoint.  The only
> > practical difference is how they get there.  
> 
> *You* may think that +12125551234 uniquely identifies the 
> endpoint. But 
> that doesn't mean that foo.com agrees with you. foo.com 
> minted the URI 
> with the expectation that requests would be delivered to it.
> 
> You may sent it to your-sp.com *first*, but ultimately you 
> ought to be 
> getting it to the foo.com server with 
> sip:+12125551234@foo.com as the R-URI.
> 
> A key difference in this regard is that if you are obligated 
> to get it 
> to sip:+12125551234@foo.com then you won't be able to route 
> it via the 
> PSTN. That may be exactly what foo.com intended.
> 
> >>>> I don't know that we can do anything about it, except perhaps
> > publish 
> >>>> some best practices drafts. But I expect it may be a 
> problem for a
> > long 
> >>>> time.
> >>> A "best practice" promoting the behavior described above, seems
> >>> problematic.  Maybe if there are networks somehow fundamentally
> > unlike
> >>> that described above (e.g., where there is no concept of 
> originating
> >>> services), it could be scoped to be applicable to them?  I suppose
> > this
> >>> is a general problem with best practices - few are universally
> > "best".
> >> I think as a community we are far from agreeing on what "best 
> >> practices" 
> >> are.  Hopefully it will eventually be sorted out. But it 
> seems that 
> >> there is a fair chance that we will never all agree on what best 
> >> practices are in this regard, and will continue to be 
> >> partitioned into a 
> >> bunch of warring feudal communities, with tax collectors on 
> >> every road.
> > 
> > Frankly I'm missing why this is such a big deal.  If a 
> network changes
> > sip:+12125551234@foo.com;user=phone to 
> sip:+12125551234@your-sp.com, but
> > the session anyway terminates to the device at which +12125551234 is
> > registered, so what?
> 
> Getting an e2e sip connection can be a big deal. It means I can 
> potentially use a variety of media, rather than just voice, and I can 
> use various call control primitives that wouldn't otherwise 
> be available.
> 
> What you want can easily be achieved if the caller starts out 
> with a tel 
> uri in the r-uri field. But then it has the latitude to 
> decide which it 
> wants to do.
> 
> 	Paul
> 
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On Apr 10, 2008, at 5:24 PM, Dwight, Timothy M (Tim) wrote:
>
> I see your point.  In the networks with which I am familiar there is  
> not
> such cleverness, though.  They only know SIP and PSTN, and only use  
> PSTN
> as a fallback.  So in my limited world, the type of URI (sip vs. tel)
> does not impact the liklihood that the call will be transported via  
> SIP.
>


We need an RFC 3262 for resolving Tel: URLs.

I suspect it looks like:

1) Consult your configured routing information. If that fails,
2) Do an ENUM lookup. If that fails,
3) If you have a telephony routing table (like TRIP), consult that. If  
that fails,
4) Use your default telephony route; send it to a gateway.

Or perhaps these are reorderable approaches, and each node needs  
something like an nsswitch.conf file to tell it which routing order to  
use?

--
Dean

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On Apr 10, 2008, at 6:00 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
>
>
> At one point I thought that too - that the user= parameter defined
> alternative namespaces for the user part of the uri, within the same
> domain. But then the relevant portions of 3261 were pointed out to me,
> which contradicted that idea:
>
> 3261 Section 10.3:
>
>       5. The registrar extracts the address-of-record from the To  
> header
>          field of the request.  If the address-of-record is not valid
>          for the domain in the Request-URI, the registrar MUST send a
>          404 (Not Found) response and skip the remaining steps.  The  
> URI
>          MUST then be converted to a canonical form.  To do that, all
>          URI parameters MUST be removed (including the user-param),  
> and
>          any escaped characters MUST be converted to their unescaped
>          form.  The result serves as an index into the list of  
> bindings.
>
> 3261 Section 16.5
>
>    ...  When accessing the
>    location service constructed by a registrar, the Request-URI MUST
>    first be canonicalized as described in Section 10.3 before being  
> used
>    as an index.  The output of these mechanisms is used to construct  
> the
>    target set.
>
> The end result is that the user= parameter really has no significance.

It MAY have no significance. If the UAS or proxy (not registrar!) node  
has access to telephony routing information (such as TRIP), then its  
policy MAY be to treat a user=phone URI differently by applying a  
different routing policy, e.g. by picking a route from TRIP.

>
>
> Section 19.1.1 says:
>
>          The set of valid telephone-subscriber strings is a subset of
>          valid user strings.  The user URI parameter exists to
>          distinguish telephone numbers from user names that happen to
>          look like telephone numbers.  If the user string contains a
>          telephone number formatted as a telephone-subscriber, the  
> user
>          parameter value "phone" SHOULD be present.  Even without this
>          parameter, recipients of SIP and SIPS URIs MAY interpret the
>          pre-@ part as a telephone number if local restrictions on the
>          name space for user name allow it.
>
> Based on the above, its not that a given domain can have the same  
> string
> represent a telephone number *and* something else. It can only do  
> one or
> the other for any given string. The parameter is only an informative
> qualifier regarding which it is. But I don't know who it is supposed  
> to
> be informing. The servers running within the domain presumably already
> know this.

Of course, the UAS or proxy with telephony routing information MAY  
choose to apply such to a numeric looking request even without a  
user=phone.

Knowing when to do telephony routing and when to do more SIP-like  
routing (RFC 3263, etc.) is a real challenge. We missed a bet by not  
making user=phone or tel: mandatory here.


>
>
> Section 16.5 (Re proxies) says:
>
>    If the domain of the Request-URI indicates a domain this element is
>    not responsible for, the Request-URI MUST be placed into the target
>    set as the only target, and the element MUST proceed to the task of
>    Request Forwarding (Section 16.6).
>
>       There are many circumstances in which a proxy might receive a
>       request for a domain it is not responsible for.  A firewall  
> proxy
>       handling outgoing calls (the way HTTP proxies handle outgoing
>       requests) is an example of where this is likely to occur.
>
> Section 16.6 then gives the steps for request forwarding. In this case
> these don't change the R-URI since the target is the same as the old
> R-URI. The only way the parameters or the user portion of the R-URI  
> can
> enter in here is in adding extra headers to the request, notably
> including Route headers. So the fact that this includes what seems  
> to be
> a phone number could result in a Route header whose value depends on
> that phone number. But that just results in visiting added  
> intermediate
> stops, not what the final destination is.
>
> So, the only remaining way for this parameter to influence anything is
> in a UAS.

It seems to me that a routing proxy could reroute the request based on  
numeric interpretation, and that it might choose to do numeric  
interpretation based on the user=phone.


>
>
> Section 8.2.2.1 says:
>
>    However, the Request-URI identifies the UAS that is to process the
>    request.  If the Request-URI uses a scheme not supported by the  
> UAS,
>    it SHOULD reject the request with a 416 (Unsupported URI Scheme)
>    response.  If the Request-URI does not identify an address that the
>    UAS is willing to accept requests for, it SHOULD reject the request
>    with a 404 (Not Found) response.
>
> Apparently the UAS only must be *willing* to process the URI - there  
> is
> no requirement that it *be responsible* for the domain of the R-URI.  
> IMO
> that is a mistake, but it seems to be the normative justification  
> for SBCs.

Yep.

>
>
> So, a UAS that is willing may receive a request for any old domain.  
> And
> then I guess it is free to use the user= parameter to decide that the
> user part of the URI is in tel format, and it then may decide to
> generate a *different* request to some other destination that it  
> thinks
> is responsible for the phone number, and link the two requests.
>
> So apparently that is the value of the user parameter.

If it were used consistently within an organizational topology, I  
maintain that it could have utility at rerouting proxies.

On the other hand, I think we should have just used tel: for all these  
cases. It's much cleaner.

--
Dean
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
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	Title           : An Extensible Markup Language (XML) Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP) Diff Event Package
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	Filename        : draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-02.txt
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ext Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
> This draft is a work item of the Session Initiation Protocol Working Group of the IETF.
>
>
> 	Title           : An Extensible Markup Language (XML) Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP) Diff Event Package
> 	Author(s)       : J. Urpalainen
> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-02.txt
> 	Pages           : 28
> 	Date            : 2008-04-11
>
> This document describes an "xcap-diff" SIP event package for the SIP
> Event Notification Framework, with the aid of which clients can
> receive notifications of the partial changes of Extensible Markup
> Language (XML) Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP) resources.  The
> initial synchronization and document updates are based on using the
> XCAP-Diff format.
>
>   
Hi All !

I've digested all wglc comments (and hopefully got them correctly). 
Thanks for everybody who commented and please check that they ended up 
being as _good enough_. Well if not, please comment...

-so the intro & basic operation got mangled a bit, probably it is now 
more understandable.
-diff-processing parameter was not precisely enough presented, now 
there's some normative text also.
-subscriber & notifier processing is also more accurate, though _longer_
-some examples in an appendix to describe to thing to novice implementers...

In principle, there should be no "real" changes, i.e. those which should 
really influence implementations, though i may have added some 
unnecessary stuff there.

br, Jari


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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
>>
>> In this case what I had in mind (by referring to a "call back") was that
>>   I gave it to you in a From-URI.
> 
> Ah, ok.  The only issue then is that when a UAC generates a request, it's not really clear how it should know when it wants things back *only* via SIP, or when it doesn't care.  For example, if you make a phone call, why would your UAC use a From-URI of TEL?
> 
> It would (typically) be your registered AoR, and sip:me@domain.  And yet I doubt very much that most phones, or their users, really care whether people calling them *back* go through the PSTN or not to reach their SIP phone.  I bet most of them have no idea they're even *using* a SIP phone.

Yes, this is definitely a policy issue. And for many phones it really 
won't matter. In that case I think they would be best to use tel:. 
(Except of course that may introduce interop problems with devices that 
don't support tel. But those will be fixed by SBCs :-)

It starts to matter when the device does more than audio.

>>>> If you want some server on the originating end to do something for the
>>>> outbound call, then you should put a Route header in the request
>>>> identifying the server.
>>> And I wish that would work, but in many cases it won't.
>> AFAIK we are in the business of determining the valid ways of doing
>> things. If implementations choose to do otherwise all we can do is keep
>> encouraging.
> 
> Absolutely.  But pragmatism has its place too. (I'm not saying this is one of those times though)
> 
> 
>> The problem with trying to make up for the inadequacies of the neighbors
>> is - how do you know which ones do it right and which do it wrong?
> 
> With some things it's part of the peering agreement (e.g., a "profile"), with some things it's based on device-specific config or vendor-profiles.  But for some things it's a lowest-common-denominator: change it to what works with every device.
> 
> 
>> I guess you SBC guys can keep getting the business to try to solve that
>> problem. But it really means a bunch of configuration about the
>> idiosyncrasies of all the peers. That only works when there are a
>> limited number of them.
> 
> Yup, and why I'm trying to get things to stop needing to be "fixed".  It's not core to an SBC's value prop, and not a good long-term strategy for such.

I'm really glad to hear that. And even though you are a marketing guy, I 
believe you.

	Paul
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Paul Kyzivat writes:

 > (Except of course that may introduce interop problems with devices that 
 > don't support tel. But those will be fixed by SBCs :-)

i think it is mandatory for sip phones to support tel.  otherwise it is
impossible to for a sip phone in another domain to 302 caller to a pstn
number.

-- juha
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>, Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Dwight, Timothy M (Tim) wrote:
> Thanks, Paul.  This has been a useful exchange.
> 
> I agree with you that we need to be able to provide originating services
> to the calling party without forcing the R-URI to identify a domain for
> which the calling party's network is authoritative.  And as you note
> this is mandatory to support "email style" R-URIs.  Inclusion of a Route
> header seems like a good solution, albeit one dependent on supplier
> implementation.  IMS offers another.

IMS *does* use Route headers for this, at least in-dialog. Its been 
quite awhile since I looked at IMS and I'm starting to forget. As I 
recall they were a bit inconsistent about whether the P-CSCF is listed 
in the Route header, or if the request is just sent there without. If I 
remember correctly the Route header isn't used for the REGISTER, But it 
is used subsequently.

In any case, if you want to just populate your request with the correct 
R-URI and then send it to an outbound proxy without naming that proxy 
anywhere in the message, that is ok too.

> On reflection I'm not sure the rule that "if I give you
> sip:+4085551212@sp.com, with or without user=phone, then a call back to
> that URI MUST be via sip" is advisable.  What if there's no VoIP peering
> agreement between my network and the network authoritative for 'sp.com'?
> Which would you prefer, that the call fail or that it be routed via the
> PSTN?  Given that there's no practical way to know each caller's
> preference, networks will have to implement some "reasonable" policy.
> To me it seems reasonable to expect that someone who identifies himself
> with a telephone number would not be opposed to receiving calls via the
> PSTN, if that's the only way they can be delivered.

I wouldn't object to "trying something else", like turning the sip uri 
with user=phone into a tel uri, *if* the call otherwise cannot be 
completed. Its then an error recovery strategy.

> I'm not sure what you mean by "foo.com minted the URI with the
> expectation that requests would be delivered to it".  I'm not sure what
> "minting" means,

It just means the foo.com itself created the URI. Which indicates that 
it at least *believes* it can process the user part.

> but hopefully it doesn't involve foo.com generating
> calls whose From-URI imbeds a telephone number for which foo.com is not
> responsible. 

AFAIK foo.com is permitted to populate the user portion of the uri with 
anything it wants that is syntactically valid.

This is certainly true when user=phone is absent. And I think it is true 
if user=phone is present. All that does is make a statement about the 
*syntax* of the field, nothing about the ownership of a telephone number.

> "Responsibility" is a bit vague, but basically I mean that
> either the number is assigned to foo.com by the numbering plan
> authority, the number is ported to foo.com, or use of the number is
> authorized to foo.com by its legitimate owner (e.g., through a wholesale
> arrangement).  The issue is that there be a "chain of custody" leading
> to the entity providing service to the number.  Implementation of lawful
> intercept, for example, relies on this.

Well, absent a mechanism for signing E.164 numbers with certs that 
*prove* ownership there is no way to enforce that policy. And it seems 
far from clear that others agree with you that this is the policy that 
ought to exist.

IMO that is a value of distinguishing tel from sip/user=phone. With sip, 
the supplier of the URI determines the routing. With tel, the originator 
of the call determines the routing.

It is the desire to ignore the domain name in the sip URI that leads to 
your need to have this special, unenforceable, policy on responsibility. 
(Well, its enforceable in a legal sense with peering agreements, but 
that builds a closed garden.)

	Paul

> tim
> 
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com] 
>> Sent: Thursday, April 10, 2008 6:34 PM
>> To: Dwight, Timothy M (Tim)
>> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Francois Audet; Dan Wing
>> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>>
>>
>>
>> Dwight, Timothy M (Tim) wrote:
>>> Paul,
>>>
>>>>> Are you saying that use of tel:+4085551212 as opposed to
>>>>> sip:+4085551212;user=phone makes it more likely that the call will
>>> be
>>>>> routed to the PSTN?  If so, why would that be?  
>>>> IMO if I give you sip:+4085551212@sp.com, with or without 
>> user=phone, 
>>>> then a call back to that URI MUST be via sip, and the 3263 
>> rules say 
>>>> that it MUST be routed to domain sp.com before making any 
>>>> decision about how to reach something associated with the 
>> user part.
>>> OK, I'm fine with that.
>>>
>>>
>>>> If I give you tel:+4085551212, then you have total freedom 
>> regarding 
>>>> what protocol to use to reach me, and the path taken. You 
>> may just use
>>>> an arbitrary PSTN phone, or an H.323 phone, or a proprietary voip 
>>>> service, or whatever.
>>> I see your point.  In the networks with which I am familiar 
>> there is not
>>> such cleverness, though.  They only know SIP and PSTN, and 
>> only use PSTN
>>> as a fallback.  So in my limited world, the type of URI 
>> (sip vs. tel)
>>> does not impact the liklihood that the call will be 
>> transported via SIP.
>>>
>>>>>> If the devices are half way smart, even if they only show the
>>> number 
>>>>>> they will keep the entire URI in their call log, so that if I
>>> attempt a
>>>>>> callback via the call log it will use the whole URI. But I expect
>>> some
>>>>>> devices will be dumber than that.
>>>>> When you say "use the whole URI" do you mean in the R-URI? 
>>>> I was thinking of a device that keeps a log of *incoming* 
>>>> calls, so the From-URI would be appropriate.
>>> Yes, I understand that.  I was asking if you meant that the 
>> device would
>>> put the value it extracted from the From-URI into the 
>> Request-URI of the
>>> callback.  As opposed for example to putting it in the 
>> To-URI and maybe
>>> constructing a R-URI with the same user part ("dialed digits") but a
>>> different host part (identifying the network serving the 
>> calling party).
>>> I guess such a thing would be legal.
>> Section 8.1.1.1 of 3261 applies here:
>>
>>     The initial Request-URI of the message SHOULD be set to 
>> the value of
>>     the URI in the To field.  One notable exception is the REGISTER
>>     method; behavior for setting the Request-URI of REGISTER 
>> is given in
>>     Section 10.  It may also be undesirable for privacy reasons or
>>     convenience to set these fields to the same value 
>> (especially if the
>>     originating UA expects that the Request-URI will be changed during
>>     transit).
>>
>>     In some special circumstances, the presence of a 
>> pre-existing route
>>     set can affect the Request-URI of the message.  A 
>> pre-existing route
>>     set is an ordered set of URIs that identify a chain of servers, to
>>     which a UAC will send outgoing requests that are outside 
>> of a dialog.
>>     Commonly, they are configured on the UA by a user or 
>> service provider
>>     manually, or through some other non-SIP mechanism.  When 
>> a provider
>>     wishes to configure a UA with an outbound proxy, it is RECOMMENDED
>>     that this be done by providing it with a pre-existing 
>> route set with
>>     a single URI, that of the outbound proxy.
>>
>>     When a pre-existing route set is present, the procedures for
>>     populating the Request-URI and Route header field 
>> detailed in Section
>>     12.2.1.1 MUST be followed (even though there is no 
>> dialog), using the
>>     desired Request-URI as the remote target URI.
>>
>> The only case in which R-URI won't equal the To-URI is if there is a 
>> preexisting route set and the first route in that set is a 
>> strict-router. In that case the To-URI will end up as the 
>> last value of 
>> the Route header.
>>
>> Loose routing has been defined for five years or so now. It generally 
>> ought to be supported. So in general the R-URI should equal 
>> the To-URI. 
>> In my example they would both equal what was in the From-URI of the 
>> incoming call that is now being returned.
>>
>>>>> I'm not sure
>>>>> this would be desirable behavior.  If the host part of the R-URI
>>> does
>>>>> not identify a domain for which the network serving the calling
>>> party is
>>>>> authoritative, then as I understand it the network serving the
>>> calling
>>>>> party should simply proxy the INVITE per 3263.  But then how does
>>> the
>>>>> network serving the calling party provide originating services to
>>> its
>>>>> subscriber?
>>>>>
>>>>> As a practical matter I'll note that in some networks with which I
>>> am
>>>>> familiar, the value to be used in the host part of the R-URI is
>>> dictated
>>>>> by the network.
>>>> If you are originating a call from a dial string, not a 
>> URI, then I 
>>>> guess you can formulate the R-URI any way you want. But if 
>> the calling 
>>>> party is supplying a URI (e.g. one it has saved from a 
>> prior received 
>>>> call) then it should be used as-is.
>>> Well as I noted, such a call will fail in some networks 
>> with which I am
>>> familiar.  In some cases it may succeed because the network 
>> ignores or
>>> its dreaded SBCs overwrite, the host part of the R-URI.  I 
>> doubt you'll
>>> find many public networks willing to allow their proxies to 
>> be used but
>>> their call servers bypassed.
>> Their proxies don't have to be bypassed. Those proxies just 
>> become part 
>> of a preexisting route set known to the UAC and populated 
>> into the Route 
>> header.
>>
>>>> If you want some server on the originating end to do 
>> something for the 
>>>> outbound call, then you should put a Route header in the request 
>>>> identifying the server.
>>> I see how that could work, yes.  Except for the issue that many
>>> currently deployed devices do not support Route headers.   
>> Its about time they got with the program.
>>
>>>> As a practical matter, suppose you receive a call from 
>>>> sip:george.bush@whitehouse.gov. If you want to return that 
>> call, you 
>>>> have little choice but to use that as the R-URI. You can't 
>> very well 
>>>> send it to sip:george.bush@your-sp.com and expect the right 
>>>> thing to happen.
>>> Of course.  But I believe the issue here is specific to 
>> URIs that have
>>> telephone numbers as the user part.  
>>>
>>> I think the issue we're wrestling with is whether the 
>> semantics of the
>>> relationship between user and host part of such URIs is the 
>> same as that
>>> of "email style" URIs.  I believe that it is not.
>> It should be the same until you get to the target domain.
>>
>> But I just posted another message on a closely related point 
>> that goes 
>> into this more. You might want to reply to that.
>>
>> And I don't see how treating them differently helps you. 
>> Won't your SP 
>> still want to provide originating services when I'm calling 
>> sip:george.bush@whitehouse.gov? How will it do so?
>>
>>> In an email style URI (one whose user part is not a 
>> telephone number)
>>> the domain in the host part provides service to the user 
>> identified in
>>> the user part.  In a URI whose user part is a telephone number, the
>>> domain in the host part may or may not (i.e., cannot be assumed to)
>>> provide service to the user identified in the user part. 
>> I think we can/should assume that it is *claiming* responsibility, at 
>> least to the extent that return calls to this URI should pass through 
>> it, perhaps after passing through other servers. It may 
>> decide to relay 
>> the call on elsewhere, but initially it is to be assumed to be the 
>> responsible domain. As I note in my other post, proxies MUST treat it 
>> that way.
>>
>>> By identifying
>>> "foo.com" in the host part of a URI whose user part 
>> contains a telephone
>>> number, I am giving the network authoritative for foo.com 
>> the right to
>>> examine for purposes of routing, the user part of the URI.  I am not
>>> implying that that network provides service to the user 
>> identified by
>>> the URI's user part.  It might, but if it did that would be
>>> coincidental.
>> That is really true for any URI. When the request reaches a server 
>> authoritative for the domain of the URI it is some sense has 
>> reached its 
>> destination - the place the stated in the URI. It is up to 
>> that server 
>> to decide if it really wants to respond, or to forward it on to some 
>> *other* *more* responsible server.
>>
>> There is no law that says how a server responsible for a domain is to 
>> interpret the user part. Even if the URI looks like a phone 
>> number and 
>> there is a user=phone param, it is not *obligated* to deliver the 
>> request to some place that the *caller* thinks owns that 
>> phone number. 
>> It can make its own decision.
>>
>> Now this may all still work, swapping domain names while leaving the 
>> user part alone. But only if it is done amongst a bunch of 
>> "consenting 
>> adult" servers that have a consistent policy about the 
>> handling of the 
>> user part.
>>
>>>> So, if you received a call from 
>> sip:+12125551234@foo.com;user=phone, 
>>>> then IMO the caller had an expectation that callbacks would be
>>> delivered 
>>>> there, not to sip:+12125551234@your-sp.com. But in fact that is
>>> exactly 
>>>> what a lot of systems are doing.
>>> This has nothing to do with where the call is delivered.  If we're
>>> talking about global public telephone numbers, then +12125551234
>>> uniquely identifies an endpoint.  In the absence of erroroneous
>>> configuration both calls will complete to that endpoint.  The only
>>> practical difference is how they get there.  
>> *You* may think that +12125551234 uniquely identifies the 
>> endpoint. But 
>> that doesn't mean that foo.com agrees with you. foo.com 
>> minted the URI 
>> with the expectation that requests would be delivered to it.
>>
>> You may sent it to your-sp.com *first*, but ultimately you 
>> ought to be 
>> getting it to the foo.com server with 
>> sip:+12125551234@foo.com as the R-URI.
>>
>> A key difference in this regard is that if you are obligated 
>> to get it 
>> to sip:+12125551234@foo.com then you won't be able to route 
>> it via the 
>> PSTN. That may be exactly what foo.com intended.
>>
>>>>>> I don't know that we can do anything about it, except perhaps
>>> publish 
>>>>>> some best practices drafts. But I expect it may be a 
>> problem for a
>>> long 
>>>>>> time.
>>>>> A "best practice" promoting the behavior described above, seems
>>>>> problematic.  Maybe if there are networks somehow fundamentally
>>> unlike
>>>>> that described above (e.g., where there is no concept of 
>> originating
>>>>> services), it could be scoped to be applicable to them?  I suppose
>>> this
>>>>> is a general problem with best practices - few are universally
>>> "best".
>>>> I think as a community we are far from agreeing on what "best 
>>>> practices" 
>>>> are.  Hopefully it will eventually be sorted out. But it 
>> seems that 
>>>> there is a fair chance that we will never all agree on what best 
>>>> practices are in this regard, and will continue to be 
>>>> partitioned into a 
>>>> bunch of warring feudal communities, with tax collectors on 
>>>> every road.
>>> Frankly I'm missing why this is such a big deal.  If a 
>> network changes
>>> sip:+12125551234@foo.com;user=phone to 
>> sip:+12125551234@your-sp.com, but
>>> the session anyway terminates to the device at which +12125551234 is
>>> registered, so what?
>> Getting an e2e sip connection can be a big deal. It means I can 
>> potentially use a variety of media, rather than just voice, and I can 
>> use various call control primitives that wouldn't otherwise 
>> be available.
>>
>> What you want can easily be achieved if the caller starts out 
>> with a tel 
>> uri in the r-uri field. But then it has the latitude to 
>> decide which it 
>> wants to do.
>>
>> 	Paul
>>
> 
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Getting back to this, the circumstance that is worried about cannot exist.

Unlike in IP networks, an e.164 cannot be "dual homed".  It is not possible
for sp1.net and sp2.net to allow origination/termination of the same e.164

In the PSTN, a call to an e.164 always is routed to a specific service
provider.  The service provider can route it to one of several termination
domains (at the direction of the enterprise/consumer).

The enterprise can indeed be served by multiple service providers, but the
e.164s would be different.

On the PSTN, "who owns it" is actually fairly poorly defined.  In countries
where number portability is implemented, the subscriber has a right to port
the number, but it's actually "owned" in nearly every sense by the carrier
who currently serves it.  In most non-portability countries, for all intents
and purposes, the carrier owns the number.

For routing purposes, the destination of the route is known by the service
provider.  Other service providers can learn the identity of the carrier
that currently serves the number, but typically not the identity of, or the
route to, the terminating domain.  

The advent of user ENUM could change these relationships and knowledge, but,
so far, user ENUM is not widely implemented.  Infrastructure ENUM attempts
to fix the route issue, by providing anyone the termination domain
information, while retaining the current effective ownership of the numbers
by the carrier.  Private ENUM leaves the relationships as they are.

When an enterprise asserts that it owns a number, it doesn't.  The carrier
effectively owns it.  What the enterprise can do is use the number as a
globally unique string and then create some URIs using that string.  That
isn't the same thing.  We need to keep that in mind.

Brian

-----Original Message-----
From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dan
Wing
Sent: Thursday, April 10, 2008 4:22 PM
To: 'Elwell, John'; Dale.Worley@comcast.net; sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it

... 
> [JRE] What about the following case? Enterprise.com uses two service
> providers, sp1.net for incoming calls and some outgoing calls and
> sp2.net for other outgoing calls. It sends an INVITE request via
> sp2.net, which signs the E.164-based From URI. The SUBSCRIBE 
> request is
> routed via sp1.net to enterprise.com, which will be unable to sign the
> NOTIFY request. However, if the outgoing call had gone via 
> sp1.net there
> would be no problem. I am not sure whether this behaviour is a good
> thing or a bad thing.

Here is a quick ASCII diagram of what you are describing:

                     sp1.net-<<-
                    /           
                   /             
  Enterprise.com -<
                   \
                    \sp2.net->>-


> Of course, if enterprise.com signs and the signature survives 
> end-to-end there is no problem and the called user gets a more 
> useful caller ID.

Exactly.

If enterprise.com is UNABLE to create a signature, but rather its 
signatures are destroyed and over-written by sp1.net or sp2.net,
then yes, the best that can be done is trust sp1.net and sp2.net
to have Done The Right Thing.  That is not too valuable to me.  
If that is the only value we want or need, we already have RFC4474 
that provides exactly this same characteristic.

draft-wing-sip-e164-rrc is an attempt to provide something 
stronger, so that the message arrives at Enterprise.com and 
they -- not their service provider(s) -- create the signature (as
you said).

-d

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From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)
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	'Dan Wing' <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Brian Rosen writes:

 > Unlike in IP networks, an e.164 cannot be "dual homed".  It is not possible
 > for sp1.net and sp2.net to allow origination/termination of the same
 > e.164.

where is that stated?  isn't it national policy if dual homing of e.164
numbers is allowed or not?

-- juha
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Apr 2008 10:31:34 -0400
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
> >
> > Yup, and why I'm trying to get things to stop needing to be "fixed".
> It's not core to an SBC's value prop, and not a good long-term strategy
> for such.
>
> I'm really glad to hear that. And even though you are a marketing guy, I
> believe you.

:)
I resemble that remark.  It doesn't take a rocket-scientist to figure out growth in SIP volume will mean growth in SBCs regardless, and having things work "out of the box" helps growth. (and that includes making SIP used for things other than phone calls)

-hadriel
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Paul, 

> Dwight, Timothy M (Tim) wrote:
> > Thanks, Paul.  This has been a useful exchange.
> > 
> > I agree with you that we need to be able to provide 
> originating services
> > to the calling party without forcing the R-URI to identify 
> a domain for
> > which the calling party's network is authoritative.  And as you note
> > this is mandatory to support "email style" R-URIs.  
> Inclusion of a Route
> > header seems like a good solution, albeit one dependent on supplier
> > implementation.  IMS offers another.
> 
> IMS *does* use Route headers for this, at least in-dialog. Its been 
> quite awhile since I looked at IMS and I'm starting to forget. As I 
> recall they were a bit inconsistent about whether the P-CSCF 
> is listed 
> in the Route header, or if the request is just sent there 
> without. If I 
> remember correctly the Route header isn't used for the 
> REGISTER, But it 
> is used subsequently.

I guess I'm forgetting too :-)

Anyway you're right, IMS does use Route headers (except in REGISTER,
which is sent to the P-CSCF learned during "P-CSCF discovery").
Basically the UE gets a route list in the Service-Route header appended
to the 200OK received in response to the REGISTER, and uses that list in
to populate the Route header in subsequent dialog-initiating requests.




> > I'm not sure what you mean by "foo.com minted the URI with the
> > expectation that requests would be delivered to it".  I'm 
> not sure what
> > "minting" means,
> 
> It just means the foo.com itself created the URI. Which 
> indicates that 
> it at least *believes* it can process the user part.
> 
> > but hopefully it doesn't involve foo.com generating
> > calls whose From-URI imbeds a telephone number for which 
> foo.com is not
> > responsible. 
> 
> AFAIK foo.com is permitted to populate the user portion of 
> the uri with 
> anything it wants that is syntactically valid.

I don't disagree that IETF may permit this.  But appropriate use of
numbering resources is not up to the IETF.  I think it is at least bad
practice to identify a session originator with a URI whose structure
implies that the user part is a telephone number (user part is numeric,
preceded by '+', "user=phone" parameter appended, etc.,), unless the
originating network has some legitimate right to assign that number.  

The only reason I can think of to allow this, would be to facilitate the
sort of mischief (spoofing of caller ID etc.,) that currently plagues
the PSTN, and has been rightly criticized on this list.  

I understand that such a policy is difficult to enforce via protocol
mechanisms.  "appropriate use" policies, often are.  Still documenting
them can be of use, for example because they legitimize the punishment
:-)  And certainly if this discussion vectors into definition of a BCP
we would want to take care that the IETF not endorse or promote
antisocial practices.

tim
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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In theory, as with any PSTN regulation, it could be.

As a practical matter, the way calls are routed, it isn't I believe.  Are
you aware of a country that allows it?  I'd love to see the routing tables.
You've got a better shot of allowing two carriers to originate a call with
the same e.164.  There is no error checking, or reverse routability checks
in the SS7 network.  However, usually carriers frown on spoofing of called
party number.

In all the work I've seen on numbering, including all the latest ENUM
deployments, dual homed e.164s wouldn't work.  

That doesn't mean we couldn't make them work in ENUM/SIP land, just that the
current state of the PSTN, and the ENUM deployments, doesn't allow the
possibility, AFAIK.

Brian

-----Original Message-----
From: Juha Heinanen [mailto:jh@tutpro.com] 
Sent: Friday, April 11, 2008 10:31 AM
To: Brian Rosen
Cc: 'Dan Wing'; 'Elwell, John'; Dale.Worley@comcast.net; sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it

Brian Rosen writes:

 > Unlike in IP networks, an e.164 cannot be "dual homed".  It is not
possible
 > for sp1.net and sp2.net to allow origination/termination of the same
 > e.164.

where is that stated?  isn't it national policy if dual homing of e.164
numbers is allowed or not?

-- juha

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From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)
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	'Dan Wing' <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Brian Rosen writes:

 > As a practical matter, the way calls are routed, it isn't I believe.  Are
 > you aware of a country that allows it?  I'd love to see the routing tables.
 > You've got a better shot of allowing two carriers to originate a call with
 > the same e.164.

this latter thing is what i have been demanding the regulator in finland
to allow.  i don't think there are any technical problems in
implementing it.

-- juha
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Brian Rosen <br@brianrosen.net>, 'Juha Heinanen' <jh@tutpro.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Apr 2008 11:25:16 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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I'm not quite sure how you mean "dual-homed E.164".  In IP, I think of dual-homed as simply being reachable through multiple interfaces (for a dual-homed host), or multiple BGP exit/entry points for a common prefix (for a dual-homed end network).

If you're implying there is only one physical or logical path to reach a given E.164, well, you'd be wrong. :)  From a SIP perspective, I think there are also in fact multiple origination and termination points for the same E.164, because I consider the PSTN/H.323/whatever to be "the end" from a SIP perspective.  In other words if in SIP-land I can send a SIP Invite to one of multiple next-domains, each of which would ingress it into the PSTN, I consider them each distinct SIP termination points.  But I'm not sure you mean it that way?

-hadriel

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Brian Rosen
> Sent: Friday, April 11, 2008 11:07 AM
> To: 'Juha Heinanen'
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; 'Elwell, John'; 'Dan Wing'
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>
> In theory, as with any PSTN regulation, it could be.
>
> As a practical matter, the way calls are routed, it isn't I believe.  Are
> you aware of a country that allows it?  I'd love to see the routing
> tables.
> You've got a better shot of allowing two carriers to originate a call with
> the same e.164.  There is no error checking, or reverse routability checks
> in the SS7 network.  However, usually carriers frown on spoofing of called
> party number.
>
> In all the work I've seen on numbering, including all the latest ENUM
> deployments, dual homed e.164s wouldn't work.
>
> That doesn't mean we couldn't make them work in ENUM/SIP land, just that
> the
> current state of the PSTN, and the ENUM deployments, doesn't allow the
> possibility, AFAIK.
>
> Brian
>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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   From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)

   i think it is mandatory for sip phones to support tel.  otherwise it is
   impossible to for a sip phone in another domain to 302 caller to a pstn
   number.

Well, I don't think it's *mandatory* (RFC 3261, section 7.1):

           SIP elements MAY support Request-URIs with schemes other than
           "sip" and "sips", for example the "tel" URI scheme of RFC
           2806 [9].

Dale
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From: "Brian Rosen" <br@brianrosen.net>
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Date: Fri, 11 Apr 2008 11:32:22 -0400
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Yes, I don't think there is a technical problem.  There is a trust issue,
which really is the discussion we are having.  It actually is possible for
any carrier to determine if the carrier handing it a call is the "owner" of
the TN, even if they don't do it in practice.  You seem to want to break
that.  

Seems like you need to change the actual ownership of the number to the
user, and you need a way to establish a chain of trust, in order for things
like CallerId to work reliably.

Actually, around here, we have the opposite problem.  There are certain
carriers who in fact do allow spoofing of called party number.  It has
caused quite a bit of controversy and I expect regulation soon.

In your proposals to the regulator, are you asking that ownership of a
number clearly be vested in the user, and have you proposed a mechanism for
how such ownership would be verified?  A properly administered user enum
system might do.

Brian

-----Original Message-----
From: Juha Heinanen [mailto:jh@tutpro.com] 
Sent: Friday, April 11, 2008 11:14 AM
To: Brian Rosen
Cc: 'Dan Wing'; 'Elwell, John'; Dale.Worley@comcast.net; sip@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it

Brian Rosen writes:

 > As a practical matter, the way calls are routed, it isn't I believe.  Are
 > you aware of a country that allows it?  I'd love to see the routing
tables.
 > You've got a better shot of allowing two carriers to originate a call
with
 > the same e.164.

this latter thing is what i have been demanding the regulator in finland
to allow.  i don't think there are any technical problems in
implementing it.

-- juha

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From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)
Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Dale.Worley@comcast.net writes:

 >    i think it is mandatory for sip phones to support tel.  otherwise it is
 >    impossible to for a sip phone in another domain to 302 caller to a pstn
 >    number.
 > 
 > Well, I don't think it's *mandatory* (RFC 3261, section 7.1):
 > 
 >            SIP elements MAY support Request-URIs with schemes other than
 >            "sip" and "sips", for example the "tel" URI scheme of RFC
 >            2806 [9].

i didn't mean mandatory in rfc 3261 sense, but mandatory in practice. or
do you have any other suggestion how i can 302 someone to my pstn
number?

-- juha
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Nope.  

I mean you can't have two calls with the same e.164 that are originated from
or terminated to different carriers.

Let's say you have two carriers who serve you.  Doesn't matter how they
serve you or where they pick up or deliver calls.  Only one of them will
(should) accept a call with a particular e.164.  Only one of them can
deliver you a call with a particular e.164.

The one carrier associated with an e.164 can deliver it to any point, or
even multiple points in a subscriber network.  There can be multiple
physical or logical paths, but the call will be originated from or
terminated to one carrier.

If you have two carriers, you have two distinct sets of e.164s that they
handle.

Brian

-----Original Message-----
From: Hadriel Kaplan [mailto:HKaplan@acmepacket.com] 
Sent: Friday, April 11, 2008 11:25 AM
To: Brian Rosen; 'Juha Heinanen'
Cc: sip@ietf.org; 'Elwell, John'; 'Dan Wing'
Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it


I'm not quite sure how you mean "dual-homed E.164".  In IP, I think of
dual-homed as simply being reachable through multiple interfaces (for a
dual-homed host), or multiple BGP exit/entry points for a common prefix (for
a dual-homed end network).

If you're implying there is only one physical or logical path to reach a
given E.164, well, you'd be wrong. :)  From a SIP perspective, I think there
are also in fact multiple origination and termination points for the same
E.164, because I consider the PSTN/H.323/whatever to be "the end" from a SIP
perspective.  In other words if in SIP-land I can send a SIP Invite to one
of multiple next-domains, each of which would ingress it into the PSTN, I
consider them each distinct SIP termination points.  But I'm not sure you
mean it that way?

-hadriel

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Brian Rosen
> Sent: Friday, April 11, 2008 11:07 AM
> To: 'Juha Heinanen'
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; 'Elwell, John'; 'Dan Wing'
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>
> In theory, as with any PSTN regulation, it could be.
>
> As a practical matter, the way calls are routed, it isn't I believe.  Are
> you aware of a country that allows it?  I'd love to see the routing
> tables.
> You've got a better shot of allowing two carriers to originate a call with
> the same e.164.  There is no error checking, or reverse routability checks
> in the SS7 network.  However, usually carriers frown on spoofing of called
> party number.
>
> In all the work I've seen on numbering, including all the latest ENUM
> deployments, dual homed e.164s wouldn't work.
>
> That doesn't mean we couldn't make them work in ENUM/SIP land, just that
> the
> current state of the PSTN, and the ENUM deployments, doesn't allow the
> possibility, AFAIK.
>
> Brian
>

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Brian Rosen writes:

 > Yes, I don't think there is a technical problem.  There is a trust issue,
 > which really is the discussion we are having.  It actually is possible for
 > any carrier to determine if the carrier handing it a call is the "owner" of
 > the TN, even if they don't do it in practice.  You seem to want to break
 > that.  

not at all.  what i have suggested is that the number database that
already exists in finland that tells which carrier currently "owns" any
single number should support more than one carrier for a number.

-- juha
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Date: Fri, 11 Apr 2008 17:15:28 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Francois,

Did you mean "appropriate" or "inappropriate" below?

Up until that message, I liked what Francois and Paul have been saying
concerning using just publishing TEL and email-style SIP URIs.

It seems that E.164-based SIP URIs will still be used as aliases for
email style, essentially because when somebody dials a telephone number,
ENUM look-up on the TEL URI will yield an E.164-based SIP URI, and
onward routing will be on that basis. But that is no reason for
publishing an E.164-based SIP URI on your web site or business card.
Also for many purposes the email-style should be sufficient in From,
although it might cause a problem when delivered to a PSTN gateway or a
device that can only display a telephone number. We can, however, also
deliver a TEL URI in P-Asserted-Identity, which would solve that
problem.

In this way, RFC 4474 (or whatever we end up with to get around the
problem of SBCs altering SDP) will never need to sign an E.164-based
URI. A PSTN gateway would put an email-style SIP URI in From,
identifying the gateway rather than the party on the PSTN, and the RFC
4474 signature will be sufficient for DTLS-SRTP purposes (since
DTLS-SRTP is only as far as the gateway).

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Francois Audet
> Sent: 10 April 2008 19:13
> To: Paul Kyzivat
> Cc: sip@ietf.org; Dan Wing
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> Yeah, I'd say putting sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone in From
> (or anything "on-the-wire") is very appropriate.
> 
> I don't think we are disagreeing actually. 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com] 
> > Sent: Thursday, April 10, 2008 11:05
> > To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
> > Cc: Dan Wing; sip@ietf.org; Juha Heinanen
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > Francois Audet wrote:
> > >  
> > >>> Agreed.
> > >>>
> > >>> Cutting to the chase, I'd put the following on my business card:
> > >>>
> > >>> tel: +1-408-495-2456
> > >>> sip:audet@nortel.com
> > >>> mailto:audet@nortel.com
> > >> Interestingly, that doesn't indicate that you are 
> > reachable via sip 
> > >> using the numeric address.
> > > 
> > > Yes, I did that on purpose. I don't see a point in doing it.
> > > 
> > >> A sip caller given the tel might figure that out, but 
> > might not. If 
> > >> you had user enum, and the caller used it, then all is 
> > well. But if 
> > >> not, and if the caller just blasts the tel uri to his SP, it may 
> > >> figure it out, and may not.
> > >>
> > >> You are going to ask why the caller would use the tel 
> form in that 
> > >> case.
> > >> One reason would be because the UI of the device only supports 
> > >> numeric input.
> > > 
> > > So, a SIP user (or anybody young enough to prefer IM 
> > paradigm to phone
> > > paradigm) will use sip:audet@nortel.com.
> > > 
> > > The old luddites with a PSTN-looking phone will keep on 
> > dialing digits 
> > > on their phone. That's where the Tel URI is useful.
> > > 
> > > The niche market for 
> sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone is very 
> > > small. Beyond people on this mailing list, I really don't see who 
> > > would care. I really believe that practically speaking, 
> > > sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone
> > > is meant to be used "on-the wire" as opposed to by users.
> > > 
> > > sip:audet@nortel.com                   ~= http://www.att.com
> > > sip:+14084952456@nortel.com;user=phone ~= 
> > > http://www.att.com/gen/landing-pages?pid=3308
> > > 
> > > I think we are rat-holing on imaginary issues.
> > 
> > Perhaps. The above is a bit esoteric. A more realisic issue 
> > is what to put in From, where at the moment you can't put 
> > multiple choices. So I have to choose whether to cater to the 
> > luddites or the young. (I'm not young, but I don't think I'm 
> > *quite* a luddite. Just saddled with a lot of legacy stuff I 
> > don't have the option of changing or am too cheap to change. 
> > (I *am* cheap.))
> > 
> > At least with P-A-I you can put both a sip and a tel. The 
> > alternative being explored on this list of including both in 
> > normal sip signaling would solve that.
> > 
> > 	Paul
> > 
> _______________________________________________
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> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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On Apr 9, 2008, at 11:53 AM, Michael Thomas wrote:
>> RFC 4474 is a cross-domain authenticator.
>>
>> Use case:
>>
>> sip:JoeBob@example.com calls his voice mail provider's message
>> retrieval box, sip:messages.example.net
>>
>> Since example.net trusts example.com's RFC 4474 assertions, the
>> voicemail box at messages.example.net does not authenticate JoeBobs'
>> request. Instead, it accepts on trust that example.com authenticated
>> him, and plays out JoeBob's messages.
>>
>> This is AFAIK a valid use case for RFC 4474.
>>
>
> It's a _valid_ use case, but is it a _real_ use case? That is, is  
> there
> anybody out there using cross realm credentials in that way? Even
> cellular isn't handled in that way because my sim is still with my
> home provider even if I've roamed...

They don't now (or at least should not) because they don't have the  
tools for it. But if we give people a tool that appears to work for  
this purpose, we should expect them to use it for this purpose.

( I  am curious what existing PSTN voice mail systems would do if  
someone else called my voicemail and spoofed my caller ID).

Ben.

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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> ( I  am curious what existing PSTN voice mail systems would do if  
> someone else called my voicemail and spoofed my caller ID).

When you call your voicemail system, if it asks for a PIN, that
is what someone spoofing your caller ID will get prompted with, too.

-d

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On Apr 11, 2008, at 7:45 PM, Dan Wing wrote:
>
>> ( I  am curious what existing PSTN voice mail systems would do if
>> someone else called my voicemail and spoofed my caller ID).
>
> When you call your voicemail system, if it asks for a PIN, that
> is what someone spoofing your caller ID will get prompted with, too.

Many VM systems don't (or are commonly configured not to) even ask for  
a PIN if they think the caller is the mailbox owner.

>
>
> -d
>

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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> >> ( I  am curious what existing PSTN voice mail systems would do if
> >> someone else called my voicemail and spoofed my caller ID).
> >
> > When you call your voicemail system, if it asks for a PIN, that
> > is what someone spoofing your caller ID will get prompted with, too.
> 
> Many VM systems don't (or are commonly configured not to) 
> even ask for a PIN if they think the caller is the mailbox owner.

Well, then you're hosed.  What is your voicemail number again?  I
was looking for it a few minutes ago, but I must have misplaced it.

-d

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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You are correct.

People are overestimating the security in PSTN.


On Apr11 2008 21:02 , "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com> wrote:

>>>> ( I  am curious what existing PSTN voice mail systems would do if
>>>> someone else called my voicemail and spoofed my caller ID).
>>> 
>>> When you call your voicemail system, if it asks for a PIN, that
>>> is what someone spoofing your caller ID will get prompted with, too.
>> 
>> Many VM systems don't (or are commonly configured not to)
>> even ask for a PIN if they think the caller is the mailbox owner.
> 
> Well, then you're hosed.  What is your voicemail number again?  I
> was looking for it a few minutes ago, but I must have misplaced it.
> 
> -d
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Apr 12 01:26:09 2008
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Subject: [Sip] Proposal to Revise RFC 4474
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We've had a lot of recent discussions about issues relating to the use  
of RFC 4474, and I've had a bunch of side conversations with people  
this week on the same topic.

Here's where I think we're at:

RFC 4474 is pretty good. Since it was published, we've learned more  
about the problem space. In the largest part, we've learned that the  
authors of RFC 4474 and the working group did an excellent job of  
analyzing the fundamental requirements for attaching forward  
authentication (as opposed to challenge-response) to SIP. We've also  
learned that the real world has some nastiness that isn't quite  
covered by RFC 4474, but it appears that very small adjustments to the  
specification could cover most or all of the cases we've discovered.


I'd therefore like to propose that the working group consider the task  
of narrowly revising RFC 4474 to account for four specific points:

1) Revising the "what gets signed" aspect to allow modification of the  
SDP by the SBCs we seem to keep encountering. While it is important to  
verify the SDP, we now have the DTLS-SRTP framework to vouch for the  
authenticity of the media channel. I suggest that there not be any  
optionality to "what gets signed", but that the fixed set of items be  
revised so as to allow SBC operations, and to note the dependency on  
DTLS-SRTP for media authentication.

2) RFC 4474 did not consider the requirements of calls transiting  
gateways and the issues related to expressing identities that  
originate outside the Internet, specifically phone numbers delivered  
via caller ID. While RFC 4474 can say nothing authoritative about the  
phone number, it seems that it could quite reasonably say something  
authoritative about the gateway. We've seen several proposals for  
doing this using conventions for the expression of "phone" identities  
in the From header field. I believe that a revised RFC 4474 is the  
place to document such a convention and any needed extension parameters.

3) There seems to be a valid model for what I call "stacked" Identity  
header fields that express transitive assertions.  Consider  
authentication domains A, B, and C, where B is a transit domain  
between A and C. B would be likely to trust assertions made by A, and  
might not know whether C is or is not equipped to evaluate assertions  
made by A. However,, it might be reasonable to expect that C would be  
able to validate assertions made by B. B might therefore choose to  
validate the Identity header inserted by A, and then (assuming the  
header authenticates) add another Identity header using its own  
credentials, saying in effect "B validated A's identity header and  
found it good".  If C can validate A's Identity header directly, it  
would do so. If not, it could choose to rely on B's assertion.

4) There are cases, including authentication services in the UAS and  
authentication services in a proxy having an "outbound" relationship  
(pre-authenticated persistent TLS) with the UAS where, in the absence  
of retargeting, an Identity header field could reasonably be included  
in a response as an alternative to using the more cumbersome connected- 
identity approach with UPDATE.  I expect this to be very useful in  
P2PSIP, but it has broader utility. So I would like to see RFC 4474  
extended to allow its use in  responses where it would work.

--
Dean
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From: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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Subject: [Sip] Thoughts on gateways, user=phone,
	and the Identity/DTLS-SRTP problem
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We've realized we have a specification mutual exclusion.

RFC 4474 as written precludes the insertion of an Identity header by  
an authentication service into a SIP message produced by a PSTN  
gateway. However, DTLS-SRTP as written needs such an Identity header  
in order to be able to verify that the media key fingerprint has not  
been altered by a MITM who is also attacking on the media path.

We've heard a bunch of suggestions, and so far I think the best has  
been to adopt a convention (and possibly a new extension) for encoding  
the From: header field in messages coming from gateways, along with a  
convention for interpreting Identity headers on those messages as  
"asserting the identity of the gateway", instead of "asserting the  
telephone number".

Someone suggested the idea of using a "user=phone" parameter as this  
indicator. I initially dismissed the idea. However, after reading  
Paul's recent analysis of what user=phone means (from his view,  
nothing), and in light of my counterexample (that the user=phone  
modifier can influence routing) I've reconsidered my earlier dismissal  
of the idea.

RFC 3261 Section 19.1.1 says:

          The set of valid telephone-subscriber strings is a subset of
          valid user strings.  The user URI parameter exists to
          distinguish telephone numbers from user names that happen to
          look like telephone numbers.  If the user string contains a
          telephone number formatted as a telephone-subscriber, the user
          parameter value "phone" SHOULD be present.  Even without this
          parameter, recipients of SIP and SIPS URIs MAY interpret the
          pre-@ part as a telephone number if local restrictions on the
          name space for user name allow it


If we made it mandatory for a PSTN gateway to assert identities using  
user=phone and documented that Identity headers over an identity with  
a user=phone parameter do not assert the "user part" of that identity,  
then I think we'd have a complete solution.

Corollary , we need to document that a "phone" UAS that is attached to  
the Internet does NOT use "user=phone" even if its user ID is a phone  
number and the ENUM entry for that phone number happens to point at  
this user ID at this UAS (or supporting domain).

In other words, we'd be changing the above text to say that the  
user=phone does NOT distinguish between phone numbers and user names,  
but that it distinguishes between phone numbers on the PSTN and SIP  
phone numbers or user IDs.

Let me restate: user=phone applies only to things that transit a PSTN  
gateway.

So for example if Alice at +12142821376 were to call Bob at  
+19725199190 (and where +19725199190 terminated on a gateway in domain  
example.com), we might see that gateway generate an INVITE like:

INVITE tel:+19725199190 SIP/2.0
From: sip:+12142821376@example.com;user=phone
To: tel:+19725199190
...

The authentication service at example.com could then reasonably insert  
an Identity header field. Receivers of this INVITE would know that the  
"user=phone" modifier implies that the Identity header asserts nothing  
whatsoever about the user part (+12142821376) of the request, and that  
the Identity header proves only that the request came from a gateway  
authenticated by example.com.


Alternatively the INVITE and TO might be populate with sip:+19725199190@example.com;user=phone 
, but I think it cleaner to document tel:

Also alternatively, the From: might be  sip:+12142821376@gateway.example.com;user=phone

Note that with this approach "tel:" does not mean "on the PSTN",  
rather it means "in the namespace of E.164", which is an entirely  
different thing. It is perfectly legitimate to use tel: URIs to refer  
to devices that are entirely on the Internet. In fact, this might be  
the model used if one enum device were to call another using an E.164  
number.



--
Dean

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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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On Apr 11, 2008, at 8:39 AM, Juha Heinanen wrote:
> Paul Kyzivat writes:
>
>> (Except of course that may introduce interop problems with devices  
>> that
>> don't support tel. But those will be fixed by SBCs :-)
>
> i think it is mandatory for sip phones to support tel.  otherwise it  
> is
> impossible to for a sip phone in another domain to 302 caller to a  
> pstn
> number.
>

I too think tel: support is critical.

To refine the above, without tel: it is generally impossible to 302 a  
caller to a PSTN node without also specifying a route for reaching  
that node.

If one were to redirect to sip:number@domain;user=phone, one might  
still reach the correct telephone, but one would be constrained to do  
so by using the resources at the specified domain, which might or  
might not present an authorization problem.

The only way we have to redirect a caller to a PST node that is to be  
reached by the caller's best available means is to use a tel: URI.

--
Dean

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Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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On Apr 11, 2008, at 10:41 AM, Brian Rosen wrote:
>
> I mean you can't have two calls with the same e.164 that are  
> originated from
> or terminated to different carriers.
>

911?

--
Dean

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On Apr 11, 2008, at 1:56 PM, Ben Campbell wrote:
>
>
> ( I  am curious what existing PSTN voice mail systems would do if  
> someone else called my voicemail and spoofed my caller ID).
>

Until several years ago, US voice mail systems were typically set up  
to not require PIN number entry when the caller ID matched the voice  
mail account.

http://www.geek.com/t-mobile-and-verizon-voicemail-open-to-caller-id-spoofing/


After a couple of high profile message compromise cases (if I remember  
right, somebody used a caller-ID spoof to retrieve Paris Hilton's  
voice mail, or maybe it was some other celeb's voicemail after Paris  
lost her Sidekick and the phone book was compromised), most of the  
providers reset the defaults to require PIN entry.

http://www.engadget.com/2005/02/20/paris-hiltons-hacked-sidekick-releases-unedited-tell-all/

http://www.computerworld.com/securitytopics/security/hacking/story/0,10801,99934,00.html

I think at least one carrier has gotten a workaround in place to user  
caller-ID as an authenticator, but only when the call is originating  
from a mobile in their network and they've handled the GSM  
authentication themselves.

--
Dean
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On Apr 12, 2008, at 4:16 AM, Dean Willis wrote:
>
> I think at least one carrier has gotten a workaround in place to  
> user caller-ID as an authenticator, but only when the call is  
> originating from a mobile in their network and they've handled the  
> GSM authentication themselves.

So to bring the conversation back to something vaguely relevant-- 
they've stopped trusting CallerID for interdomain (or intercarrier at  
least) authentication.

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On Apr 12, 2008, at 4:16 AM, Dean Willis wrote:

> I think at least one carrier has gotten a workaround in place to  
> user caller-ID as an authenticator, but only when the call is  
> originating from a mobile in their network and they've handled the  
> GSM authentication themselves.

Actually, I was contemplating an argument that we should just  
establish a best current practice that says one should never trust a  
phone number, even if it includes a 4474 signature, and that we didn't  
need to put anything in the message to indicate that. But you've just  
brought up an edge case where someone could really sign a phone number  
and mean it, that is, if the gateway is controlled by the  
authenticating carrier, it could have some out of band way of knowing  
about said authentication.  and could in fact trust the callerid with  
reasonable strength.

Therefore, the fact that the From header contains a tel (or  
user=phone) URL is not sufficient to for the receiver to infer the  
authentication strength.




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Every single endpoint that I've seen does NOT use a Tel URI per se, but
rather, a Tel URI embedded in a sip URI as per RFC 3261/19.1.6.

Insisting on Tel URI seems kind of out of touch with reality.


On Apr12 2008 02:04 , "Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com> wrote:

> 
> On Apr 11, 2008, at 8:39 AM, Juha Heinanen wrote:
>> Paul Kyzivat writes:
>> 
>>> (Except of course that may introduce interop problems with devices
>>> that
>>> don't support tel. But those will be fixed by SBCs :-)
>> 
>> i think it is mandatory for sip phones to support tel.  otherwise it
>> is
>> impossible to for a sip phone in another domain to 302 caller to a
>> pstn
>> number.
>> 
> 
> I too think tel: support is critical.
> 
> To refine the above, without tel: it is generally impossible to 302 a
> caller to a PSTN node without also specifying a route for reaching
> that node.
> 
> If one were to redirect to sip:number@domain;user=phone, one might
> still reach the correct telephone, but one would be constrained to do
> so by using the resources at the specified domain, which might or
> might not present an authorization problem.
> 
> The only way we have to redirect a caller to a PST node that is to be
> reached by the caller's best available means is to use a tel: URI.
> 
> --
> Dean
> 

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Francois Audet
>
> Every single endpoint that I've seen does NOT use a Tel URI per se, but
> rather, a Tel URI embedded in a sip URI as per RFC 3261/19.1.6.

Yeah, same here.  And it seems like a lot of servers do too (pbx/app-servers/feature-servers/etc.), or at least their configs/tables seem to be only setup for sip URI's.

-hadriel
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On Apr 12, 2008, at 6:59 AM, Ben Campbell wrote:
>
> On Apr 12, 2008, at 4:16 AM, Dean Willis wrote:
>>
>> I think at least one carrier has gotten a workaround in place to  
>> user caller-ID as an authenticator, but only when the call is  
>> originating from a mobile in their network and they've handled the  
>> GSM authentication themselves.
>
> So to bring the conversation back to something vaguely relevant-- 
> they've stopped trusting CallerID for interdomain (or intercarrier  
> at least) authentication.
>

1) The SIP Authentication Service described in RFC 4474 is not caller- 
ID. It is an authentication service -- more or less, the SIP  
alternative to Kerberos or Radius. One might well envision it as the  
solution to the problem that the mobile operators have with caller ID  
as an authenticator, and (should mobile operators use SIP) as the  
interdomain authentication tool of choice.

2) The problem is still that, since it is considered "string  
authentication" (not caller ID), RFC 4474 cannot reasonably be used  
for a call originating on the PSTN. But we require RFC 4474 be used on  
calls that need integrity protection of their media key for the IP  
path (which ideally would be all calls traversing IP paths).  
Consequently, we can not use the full benefits of DTLS-SRTP when the  
UAC is a PSTN gateway.

--
Dean

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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On Apr 12, 2008, at 7:08 AM, Ben Campbell wrote:
>
> On Apr 12, 2008, at 4:16 AM, Dean Willis wrote:
>
>> I think at least one carrier has gotten a workaround in place to  
>> user caller-ID as an authenticator, but only when the call is  
>> originating from a mobile in their network and they've handled the  
>> GSM authentication themselves.
>
> Actually, I was contemplating an argument that we should just  
> establish a best current practice that says one should never trust a  
> phone number, even if it includes a 4474 signature, and that we  
> didn't need to put anything in the message to indicate that. But  
> you've just brought up an edge case where someone could really sign  
> a phone number and mean it, that is, if the gateway is controlled by  
> the authenticating carrier, it could have some out of band way of  
> knowing about said authentication.  and could in fact trust the  
> callerid with reasonable strength.
>
> Therefore, the fact that the From header contains a tel (or  
> user=phone) URL is not sufficient to for the receiver to infer the  
> authentication strength.
>
>

There's a much less "edge" case. It's entirely reasonable to have a  
phone identified by a phone number where that phone is attached to an  
IP network instead of the PSTN. ENUM could then be used to provide  
routing information to the phone. Such a phone could use strong  
authentication and encryption.

How, based on the From field (or any other information) can we  
differentiate such a phone from a PSTN gateway, consequently knowing  
when to trust and when not to trust the user part as signed by RFC  
4474? I've proposed in a separate message that "user=phone" be the  
differentiator -- in short, that PSTN gateways add "user=phone",  and  
that IP attached phones not add it.

The problem of course is backward compatibility. There are a few  
bajillion gateways out there that do not add user=phone. Consequently,  
were my proposal accepted, RFC 4474 could not be used with those  
gateways until they are repaired. I'm OK with that restriction.

--
Dean
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Francois Audet writes:

 > Insisting on Tel URI seems kind of out of touch with reality.

then PSTN is out of touch with 302.  please tell me, how can i write a
sip uri in my phone that redirects the caller in another domain to my
cell phone?

-- juha
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Apr 12 11:46:43 2008
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On Apr 12, 2008, at 12:18 PM, Francois Audet wrote:
> Every single endpoint that I've seen does NOT use a Tel URI per se,  
> but
> rather, a Tel URI embedded in a sip URI as per RFC 3261/19.1.6.
>
> Insisting on Tel URI seems kind of out of touch with reality.

So they're functionally limited.

Explain to me what  you would send in a 302 response to redirect the  
UAS to call a certain phone number on it's own dime.

I don't believe we have a way to do this, and I have always believed  
it to be a critical use case for real integration (and no, today's  
"telephony over IP" services are not really integrated, which is why  
Gizmo customers call Vonage customers through multiple PSTN gateways).

Here's a use case:

Let's say Gizmo and Vonage some day figure out how to peer at a SIP  
level.

Assuming we maintain current billing models:

Alice is a Gizmo customer. As such, she pays Gizmo per minute on calls  
going to the PSTN, but calls to IP destinations (which don't use  
Gizmo's bandwidth) are not charged to her. Calls coming from the PSTN  
are also not charged to her.

Bob is a Vonage customer. As such, he pays Vonage per minute on calls  
going to the PSTN, but calls to IP destinations (which don't use  
Vonage's bandwidth) are not charged to him. Calls coming from the PSTN  
are also not charged to him.

Alice calls Bob. Bob wishes to redirect Alice to call the premium  
telephone destination 1-900-HELP-DSK.  This is an expensive service to  
Bob, but perhaps he thinks Alice is willing to pay for it or already  
has a service contract allowing her to call the service for free.

If Bob wanted to pay for this call, he would proxy Alice through a  
Vonage gateway, but provide credentials so that the call is charged  
back to him. Bob does not wish to pay from his account . But in this  
case, let us assume that Bob does NOT want to pay for Alice's call to  
the help desk.

The obvious way to do this is for Bob to send a 300 class response,  
probably a 302. But remember that Bob's system has no knowledge of  
Alice's PSTN routing model, and outside of a domain name, no knowledge  
of Gizmo's service at all.

So what should go into the 302 as a Contact: header field value?

It can't be "sip:+19004357375@vonage.com"  or even "sip:+19004357375@vonage.com;user=phone 
" because Alice presumably doesn't have permission to use Vonage's  
gateways.

Perhaps Bob's system could guess that Gizmo might understand ""sip:+19004357375@gizmo.com 
" or maybe ""sip:+19004357375@gizmo.com;user=phone" and use this to  
reach an appropriate gateway.

But what if Alice gets better rates by using a local phone line on her  
FXO port to reach that phone number?

What if, unknown to Bob, there's an ENUM entry for +19004357375 that  
would have allowed Alice to call that number directly over SIP instead  
of using a gateway at all?

Similar (and perhaps less contrived) use cases can be constructed  
around REFER -- how doe we ask somebody in a different domain to call  
a PSTN destination?

How do you think this should work?

The only way I'm aware of that we have to express the desired semantic  
is to redirect the call to "tel:+19004357375" and let Alice's UA  
figure out how it wants to get there.

--
Dean

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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Juha
> Heinanen
>
> Francois Audet writes:
>
>  > Insisting on Tel URI seems kind of out of touch with reality.
>
> then PSTN is out of touch with 302.  please tell me, how can i write a
> sip uri in my phone that redirects the caller in another domain to my
> cell phone?

Well a 302 with a tel may work, or may not.  Alternatively you could use a sip URI in the 302.  For the domain portion of that 302's contact: if you don't know a SIP-PSTN provider which will send it to your cell, then you could try setting it to your provider's domain (if you have one), or the domain which sent the request.  And since a 3xx can have multiple contact URIs, you can try all these at the same time, including Tel, but I suggest making the first one the most likely to succeed, because I've been told some devices can't handle multiple contacts either (ya, it's friggin nuts - don't shoot the messenger).

It's nasty, but it should work in many cases I think. (though honestly most cases I've seen just set it to sip and their provider's domain and it works... but that could easily be because I mostly only see traces from providers)

-hadriel
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>, "Dwight, Timothy M (Tim)"
	<timothy.dwight@verizonbusiness.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Apr 2008 15:05:33 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Paul
> Kyzivat
> [snip]
> IMO that is a value of distinguishing tel from sip/user=phone. With sip,
> the supplier of the URI determines the routing. With tel, the originator
> of the call determines the routing.

You're implying the supplier or originator of the URI cares, or has a way to let its user determine this.  Afaik, there is no button on phones for "let people call me only through sip" vs. "let people call me however they can".  Most vendors assume people want the latter, I suspect.  But since most or at least many devices use sip: all the time period, and most proxy/etc. vendors want calls to work because their customers do, they will route it whichever way they can to do so.

A second problem is the desired behavior of using the From for later requests.  Since UA's register a sip URI typically, and they use this for the From of their requests, the far-end UAS will get that From.  Since the UAS would then use this URI for its address book to generate new requests later, by your earlier emails this implies that UAS only wants the request to purely stay sip.

That would be ok if the original request stayed sip the entire path to the UAS, and the reverse path sometime later could also stay sip.  There are actually cases where that's not going to be true, but let's assume it is for now.  So imagine if the original request had a sip From but a tel req-uri.  For some reason this request gets routed through the PSTN, back over SIP to the final dest UAS.  If the PSTN-SIP gateway uses a tel From we're ok, but if it uses a sip From then per the desired behavior the UAS would use this sip URL in later requests and not be able to use the PSTN or whatever to get it back.

That, to me, is why this desired behavior is so brittle.  There are just so many times/ways a sip URL in the From or req-uri is used when it ostensibly shouldn't, that operators have little choice but to ignore it to make calls work.  I think this may be fixable eventually, but I'm not quite sure how to do that and keep all the semantics you're looking for, without having calls fail in the transition period - which is a non-starter.


> It is the desire to ignore the domain name in the sip URI that leads to
> your need to have this special, unenforceable, policy on responsibility.
> (Well, its enforceable in a legal sense with peering agreements, but
> that builds a closed garden.)

People don't "desire" to ignore the domain name, they "desire" to make calls work.  If all UA's sent using tel URLs when they should per your definition, we probably wouldn't be having this conversation. :)

-hadriel
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Hadriel Kaplan writes:

 > Alternatively you could
 > use a sip URI in the 302.  For the domain portion of that 302's
 > contact: if you don't know a SIP-PSTN provider which will send it to
 > your cell, then you could try setting it to your provider's domain
 > (if you have one), or the domain which sent the request.

where can i find a phone that is clever enough to use the domain of the
sender of the request?  and how do you tell your phone to do that?

-- juha
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>, Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Apr 2008 15:18:22 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] Restatement of redirect (or refer) to a phone number
	problem	(was Re: E.164 - who owns it)
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Interesting use case.  You could argue though that the same thing could happen for tel, since a proxy along the way can recurse without Alice's consent.

(this use case though triggers some memory cells in my brain of something like this being used for a scam in the PSTN, where they got the terminating or originating provider to have to pay a 1-900 for calls they couldn't bill to the human callers, so of course the owners/co-conspirators of the 1-900 called themselves this way and profited... or maybe I'm remembering it wrong)

-hadriel

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dean
> Willis
> Sent: Saturday, April 12, 2008 2:47 PM
> To: Francois Audet
> Cc: SIP IETF; Paul Kyzivat; Dan WING
> Subject: [Sip] Restatement of redirect (or refer) to a phone number
> problem (was Re: E.164 - who owns it)
>
>
> On Apr 12, 2008, at 12:18 PM, Francois Audet wrote:
> > Every single endpoint that I've seen does NOT use a Tel URI per se,
> > but
> > rather, a Tel URI embedded in a sip URI as per RFC 3261/19.1.6.
> >
> > Insisting on Tel URI seems kind of out of touch with reality.
>
> So they're functionally limited.
>
> Explain to me what  you would send in a 302 response to redirect the
> UAS to call a certain phone number on it's own dime.
>
> I don't believe we have a way to do this, and I have always believed
> it to be a critical use case for real integration (and no, today's
> "telephony over IP" services are not really integrated, which is why
> Gizmo customers call Vonage customers through multiple PSTN gateways).
>
> Here's a use case:
>
> Let's say Gizmo and Vonage some day figure out how to peer at a SIP
> level.
>
> Assuming we maintain current billing models:
>
> Alice is a Gizmo customer. As such, she pays Gizmo per minute on calls
> going to the PSTN, but calls to IP destinations (which don't use
> Gizmo's bandwidth) are not charged to her. Calls coming from the PSTN
> are also not charged to her.
>
> Bob is a Vonage customer. As such, he pays Vonage per minute on calls
> going to the PSTN, but calls to IP destinations (which don't use
> Vonage's bandwidth) are not charged to him. Calls coming from the PSTN
> are also not charged to him.
>
> Alice calls Bob. Bob wishes to redirect Alice to call the premium
> telephone destination 1-900-HELP-DSK.  This is an expensive service to
> Bob, but perhaps he thinks Alice is willing to pay for it or already
> has a service contract allowing her to call the service for free.
>
> If Bob wanted to pay for this call, he would proxy Alice through a
> Vonage gateway, but provide credentials so that the call is charged
> back to him. Bob does not wish to pay from his account . But in this
> case, let us assume that Bob does NOT want to pay for Alice's call to
> the help desk.
>
> The obvious way to do this is for Bob to send a 300 class response,
> probably a 302. But remember that Bob's system has no knowledge of
> Alice's PSTN routing model, and outside of a domain name, no knowledge
> of Gizmo's service at all.
>
> So what should go into the 302 as a Contact: header field value?
>
> It can't be "sip:+19004357375@vonage.com"  or even
> "sip:+19004357375@vonage.com;user=phone
> " because Alice presumably doesn't have permission to use Vonage's
> gateways.
>
> Perhaps Bob's system could guess that Gizmo might understand
> ""sip:+19004357375@gizmo.com
> " or maybe ""sip:+19004357375@gizmo.com;user=phone" and use this to
> reach an appropriate gateway.
>
> But what if Alice gets better rates by using a local phone line on her
> FXO port to reach that phone number?
>
> What if, unknown to Bob, there's an ENUM entry for +19004357375 that
> would have allowed Alice to call that number directly over SIP instead
> of using a gateway at all?
>
> Similar (and perhaps less contrived) use cases can be constructed
> around REFER -- how doe we ask somebody in a different domain to call
> a PSTN destination?
>
> How do you think this should work?
>
> The only way I'm aware of that we have to express the desired semantic
> is to redirect the call to "tel:+19004357375" and let Alice's UA
> figure out how it wants to get there.
>
> --
> Dean
>
> _______________________________________________
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> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Juha Heinanen [mailto:jh@tutpro.com]
> Sent: Saturday, April 12, 2008 3:13 PM
>
> Hadriel Kaplan writes:
>
>  > Alternatively you could
>  > use a sip URI in the 302.  For the domain portion of that 302's
>  > contact: if you don't know a SIP-PSTN provider which will send it to
>  > your cell, then you could try setting it to your provider's domain
>  > (if you have one), or the domain which sent the request.
>
> where can i find a phone that is clever enough to use the domain of the
> sender of the request?  and how do you tell your phone to do that?

:)
Open-source phones I assume.  Or the SER or Asterisk or whatever could probably be programmed to do it for your phone.

-hadriel
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From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Hadriel Kaplan writes:

 > Open-source phones I assume.  Or the SER or Asterisk or whatever
 > could probably be programmed to do it for your phone.

haven't seen any.  sip is now about 10 years old and even such a basic
thing as redirecting a caller to my cell phone is not yet possible.

-- juha
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Juha Heinanen <jh@tutpro.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Apr 2008 15:33:39 -0400
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Who said it wasn't possible?  We're just talking about whether it's done the same way universally in practice.

-hadriel

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Juha Heinanen [mailto:jh@tutpro.com]
> Sent: Saturday, April 12, 2008 3:26 PM
>
> Hadriel Kaplan writes:
>
>  > Open-source phones I assume.  Or the SER or Asterisk or whatever
>  > could probably be programmed to do it for your phone.
>
> haven't seen any.  sip is now about 10 years old and even such a basic
> thing as redirecting a caller to my cell phone is not yet possible.
>
> -- juha
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Every single implementation that I've see does the following:

Contact: sip:+19725551212@example.com;user=phone

Where example.com is the domain of the forwarding user. The SIP proxy will
then route it to a PSTN if appropriate.


On Apr12 2008 11:31 , "Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com> wrote:

> Francois Audet writes:
> 
>> Insisting on Tel URI seems kind of out of touch with reality.
> 
> then PSTN is out of touch with 302.  please tell me, how can i write a
> sip uri in my phone that redirects the caller in another domain to my
> cell phone?
> 
> -- juha

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I do it on my SIP phone all the time.

I can put ANY SIP URI I want.

If it's a phone number, phone will append the default domain of the phone.

The other phone then INVITE the contact. The enterprise proxy looks at the
phone number and then decides if it owns it (e.g., it could be another phone
number of a phone in the enterprise). If it owns it, it will route the
INVITE to that phone. Never goes to PSTN. If it does not own it, it will
route to the appropriate PSTN gateway (based on least cost routing for
outbound PSTN gateways and such). That's what happens when I forward to my
cell phone.

The point of this story is that when ;user=phone is used, the routing is
based on the phone number. Like it or not, this is what seems to happen. In
other words, it's a functional equivalent to a Tel URI.

There is a reason why people do it like this. Try sending a Tel URI on the
wire and see what happens with most equipment out there.


On Apr12 2008 12:26 , "Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com> wrote:

> Hadriel Kaplan writes:
> 
>> Open-source phones I assume.  Or the SER or Asterisk or whatever
>> could probably be programmed to do it for your phone.
> 
> haven't seen any.  sip is now about 10 years old and even such a basic
> thing as redirecting a caller to my cell phone is not yet possible.
> 
> -- juha

_______________________________________________
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>, Juha Heinanen <jh@tutpro.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Apr 2008 16:42:49 -0400
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Yup, and the same thing happens at service providers too.
But I think Juha is referring to how does he redirect such without having a provider/enterprise.

-hadriel

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
> Sent: Saturday, April 12, 2008 4:35 PM
> To: Juha Heinanen; Hadriel Kaplan
> Cc: Francois Audet; SIP IETF; Paul Kyzivat; Dan WING; Dean Willis
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>
> I do it on my SIP phone all the time.
>
> I can put ANY SIP URI I want.
>
> If it's a phone number, phone will append the default domain of the phone.
>
> The other phone then INVITE the contact. The enterprise proxy looks at the
> phone number and then decides if it owns it (e.g., it could be another
> phone
> number of a phone in the enterprise). If it owns it, it will route the
> INVITE to that phone. Never goes to PSTN. If it does not own it, it will
> route to the appropriate PSTN gateway (based on least cost routing for
> outbound PSTN gateways and such). That's what happens when I forward to my
> cell phone.
>
> The point of this story is that when ;user=phone is used, the routing is
> based on the phone number. Like it or not, this is what seems to happen.
> In
> other words, it's a functional equivalent to a Tel URI.
>
> There is a reason why people do it like this. Try sending a Tel URI on the
> wire and see what happens with most equipment out there.
>
>
> On Apr12 2008 12:26 , "Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com> wrote:
>
> > Hadriel Kaplan writes:
> >
> >> Open-source phones I assume.  Or the SER or Asterisk or whatever
> >> could probably be programmed to do it for your phone.
> >
> > haven't seen any.  sip is now about 10 years old and even such a basic
> > thing as redirecting a caller to my cell phone is not yet possible.
> >
> > -- juha

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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>,
	"Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>, Juha Heinanen <jh@tutpro.com>
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Like p2psip?

You still would use the domain name of the overlay, no?


On Apr12 2008 13:42 , "Hadriel Kaplan" <HKaplan@acmepacket.com> wrote:

> 
> Yup, and the same thing happens at service providers too.
> But I think Juha is referring to how does he redirect such without having a
> provider/enterprise.
> 
> -hadriel
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Francois Audet [mailto:audet@nortel.com]
>> Sent: Saturday, April 12, 2008 4:35 PM
>> To: Juha Heinanen; Hadriel Kaplan
>> Cc: Francois Audet; SIP IETF; Paul Kyzivat; Dan WING; Dean Willis
>> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>> 
>> I do it on my SIP phone all the time.
>> 
>> I can put ANY SIP URI I want.
>> 
>> If it's a phone number, phone will append the default domain of the phone.
>> 
>> The other phone then INVITE the contact. The enterprise proxy looks at the
>> phone number and then decides if it owns it (e.g., it could be another
>> phone
>> number of a phone in the enterprise). If it owns it, it will route the
>> INVITE to that phone. Never goes to PSTN. If it does not own it, it will
>> route to the appropriate PSTN gateway (based on least cost routing for
>> outbound PSTN gateways and such). That's what happens when I forward to my
>> cell phone.
>> 
>> The point of this story is that when ;user=phone is used, the routing is
>> based on the phone number. Like it or not, this is what seems to happen.
>> In
>> other words, it's a functional equivalent to a Tel URI.
>> 
>> There is a reason why people do it like this. Try sending a Tel URI on the
>> wire and see what happens with most equipment out there.
>> 
>> 
>> On Apr12 2008 12:26 , "Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com> wrote:
>> 
>>> Hadriel Kaplan writes:
>>> 
>>>> Open-source phones I assume.  Or the SER or Asterisk or whatever
>>>> could probably be programmed to do it for your phone.
>>> 
>>> haven't seen any.  sip is now about 10 years old and even such a basic
>>> thing as redirecting a caller to my cell phone is not yet possible.
>>> 
>>> -- juha
> 

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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Its my understanding that 911 is not an E.164 number.  It can't be used 
in a global TEL uri. If you want to use it in a tel uri you must combine 
it with a context, such as tel:911;phone-context=+1

	Paul

Dean Willis wrote:
> On Apr 11, 2008, at 10:41 AM, Brian Rosen wrote:
>> I mean you can't have two calls with the same e.164 that are  
>> originated from
>> or terminated to different carriers.
>>
> 
> 911?
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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So you are telling me that you SHOULD forward someone to your own domain 
to reach a phone number even when you know that your domain would not be 
willing to route the resulting request from the forwardee. Instead you 
are *counting* on the forwardee to *ignore* the domain and the 3263 
routing rules and instead use its own logic to reach the number???

So in effect you are suggesting that we should revise 3263 regarding sip 
URIs with user=phone, and get the result widely adopted rather than get 
tel widely adopted.

	Paul

Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Juha
>> Heinanen
>>
>> Francois Audet writes:
>>
>>  > Insisting on Tel URI seems kind of out of touch with reality.
>>
>> then PSTN is out of touch with 302.  please tell me, how can i write a
>> sip uri in my phone that redirects the caller in another domain to my
>> cell phone?
> 
> Well a 302 with a tel may work, or may not.  Alternatively you could use a sip URI in the 302.  For the domain portion of that 302's contact: if you don't know a SIP-PSTN provider which will send it to your cell, then you could try setting it to your provider's domain (if you have one), or the domain which sent the request.  And since a 3xx can have multiple contact URIs, you can try all these at the same time, including Tel, but I suggest making the first one the most likely to succeed, because I've been told some devices can't handle multiple contacts either (ya, it's friggin nuts - don't shoot the messenger).
> 
> It's nasty, but it should work in many cases I think. (though honestly most cases I've seen just set it to sip and their provider's domain and it works... but that could easily be because I mostly only see traces from providers)
> 
> -hadriel
> 
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Hadriel Kaplan writes:

 > Who said it wasn't possible?  We're just talking about whether it's
 > done the same way universally in practice.

i meant "possible in practice using commercially available sip phones".
i think it would be high time to deprecate use of tel uris in sip,
because (as people indicated) they have not been implemented to the
extend that one could use them in 302s?

-- juha
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Francois Audet writes:

 > Every single implementation that I've see does the following:
 > 
 > Contact: sip:+19725551212@example.com;user=phone
 > 
 > Where example.com is the domain of the forwarding user. The SIP proxy will
 > then route it to a PSTN if appropriate.

i think you have not followed this thread.  it has been pointed out that
the above does no work if caller does not have the right to use pstn
gateway of example.com.

-- juha
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Francois Audet writes:

 > There is a reason why people do it like this. Try sending a Tel URI on the
 > wire and see what happens with most equipment out there.

if user of my proxy uses tel uri (+...) in request uri, the proxy
converts it to sip using using where host part is taken from caller's
from uri.  openser even has a function tel2sip for that purpose.

-- juha
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Paul Kyzivat writes:

 > So in effect you are suggesting that we should revise 3263 regarding sip 
 > URIs with user=phone, and get the result widely adopted rather than get 
 > tel widely adopted.

these two are indeed the options and this wg MUST do one of them before
writing more rfcs that no-one will implement.

-- juha
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No, I very clearly said "don't shoot the messenger", but that that is what I see happening.  Clearly you SHOULD use a tel URI, or the sip URI with the domain of your cell phone (if it has such).  But the reality is people AREN'T doing that very often, afaict.  I am in no way suggesting 3263 rules should not be followed, nor that tel uri's shouldn't be used.

Juha asked how he could write a *sip* URI in a 302 to redirect to a cell phone, and I answered what he could try.

I don't know why this is shocking - are you not seeing that often as well?  [maybe it's just me]  Don't get me wrong - I see 302's aplenty which point to a different domain as well, but in many of those cases the domain they point to is also not authoritative for the E.164 (ie, they're to transit peers).

[Although with regard to 3263, I'm not sure what part of setting the contact uri to your own domain doesn't follow that.  The target of that domain is reached (your proxy/pbx/whatever), and it can't route it locally because it has no such global user, so based on local policy it may determine an alternative path, typically to the PSTN.]

-hadriel

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
> Sent: Sunday, April 13, 2008 12:25 AM
> To: Hadriel Kaplan
> Cc: Juha Heinanen; Francois Audet; SIP IETF; Dan WING; Dean Willis
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>
> So you are telling me that you SHOULD forward someone to your own domain
> to reach a phone number even when you know that your domain would not be
> willing to route the resulting request from the forwardee. Instead you
> are *counting* on the forwardee to *ignore* the domain and the 3263
> routing rules and instead use its own logic to reach the number???
>
> So in effect you are suggesting that we should revise 3263 regarding sip
> URIs with user=phone, and get the result widely adopted rather than get
> tel widely adopted.
>
>         Paul
>
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Juha
> >> Heinanen
> >>
> >> Francois Audet writes:
> >>
> >>  > Insisting on Tel URI seems kind of out of touch with reality.
> >>
> >> then PSTN is out of touch with 302.  please tell me, how can i write a
> >> sip uri in my phone that redirects the caller in another domain to my
> >> cell phone?
> >
> > Well a 302 with a tel may work, or may not.  Alternatively you could use
> a sip URI in the 302.  For the domain portion of that 302's contact: if
> you don't know a SIP-PSTN provider which will send it to your cell, then
> you could try setting it to your provider's domain (if you have one), or
> the domain which sent the request.  And since a 3xx can have multiple
> contact URIs, you can try all these at the same time, including Tel, but I
> suggest making the first one the most likely to succeed, because I've been
> told some devices can't handle multiple contacts either (ya, it's friggin
> nuts - don't shoot the messenger).
> >
> > It's nasty, but it should work in many cases I think. (though honestly
> most cases I've seen just set it to sip and their provider's domain and it
> works... but that could easily be because I mostly only see traces from
> providers)
> >
> > -hadriel
> >
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Juha
> Heinanen
>
> Francois Audet writes:
>
>  > Every single implementation that I've see does the following:
>  >
>  > Contact: sip:+19725551212@example.com;user=phone
>  >
>  > Where example.com is the domain of the forwarding user. The SIP proxy
> will
>  > then route it to a PSTN if appropriate.
>
> i think you have not followed this thread.  it has been pointed out that
> the above does no work if caller does not have the right to use pstn
> gateway of example.com.
> -- juha

Sure, but the example.com proxy has rules for whether to allow such or not.  If it *doesn't* want to allow it, or it has no such alternate routes, then life sometimes gets super-ugly. [again don't shoot the messenger]  Some (not all) of those proxies then pass the 302 back upstream, but change the contact URI's domain to the domain they're passing it back up to.  In effect they do what they do for req-uri's of requests they send.

-hadriel
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Juha Heinanen <jh@tutpro.com>, Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Juha Heinanen [mailto:jh@tutpro.com]
>
> if user of my proxy uses tel uri (+...) in request uri, the proxy
> converts it to sip using using where host part is taken from caller's
> from uri.  openser even has a function tel2sip for that purpose.

Yeah, and many people do that type of thing to get around any lack of tel-uri support.  (though I usually see it being set to the routed to next-domain, not the From domain, fwiw)

But anyway, this leads back to the original problem.  If we want a sip: req-uri to mean "only use sip", then we can't go changing tel to sip, or sip to tel, and we can't go casually using sip in From's.  That would be a big change from current defacto use, afaict.

-hadriel
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On Apr 12, 2008, at 3:25 PM, Francois Audet wrote:
> Every single implementation that I've see does the following:
>
> Contact: sip:+19725551212@example.com;user=phone
>
> Where example.com is the domain of the forwarding user. The SIP  
> proxy will
> then route it to a PSTN if appropriate.


I think you've missed the use case. You've forwarded the call to a  
gateway in the domain of the called party. Since the calling party  
(most probably) does not have authorization to use that gateway, the  
likely response when they attempt INVITE to that contact is a 404.

SIP, as you describe it, works just fine in a single-provider domain.  
That's telephony over IP, not a model for Internet communications.

--
Dean

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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dean
> Willis
>
> SIP, as you describe it, works just fine in a single-provider domain.
> That's telephony over IP, not a model for Internet communications.

But sending it to the PSTN is a model for Internet communications??

Look, for better or worse, we have allowed proxies to recurse on 3xx.  If you set a TEL uri in the contact, the upstream proxy can decide whether to recurse on that or not.  If it chooses not to, it can pass the 3xx upstream, and the *next* proxy upstream can make the same decision, and so on.

Now replace "tel:" with "sip:", and add the domain of the upstream proxy, and a user=phone.  It may be ugly.  It may be wrong.  But it's working.  And it's working across domains.  And it's probably working better than tel would right now, imho.

So where do we go from here?
Option 1) Ignore it.  This may only be a minor population of the sip community; or they may fix it themselves someday; or it may not be a real problem if they keep doing what they're doing.
Option 2) Figure out how to make tel more successful.
Option 3) Figure out how to make sip with user=phone a true alias.
Option 4) ??

-hadriel
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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At Wed, 9 Apr 2008 23:17:38 -0500,
Dean Willis wrote:
> 
> 
> On Apr 9, 2008, at 11:53 AM, Michael Thomas wrote:
> >
> >> Now, assume JoeBob is instead named "180055511212@example.com". All  
> >> of  the above works fine, until somebody calls into example.com's  
> >> PSTN  gateway from a spoofed Caller-ID of "18005551212" and asks  
> >> said  gateway to connect them to messages.example.net
> >>
> >
> > So just don't sign it. Or sign it as @example.com. Or just tell the  
> > voice
> > mail provider not to create voice mail boxes for users with e164@example.com
> > like addresses. This really seems tenuous to me, Dean.
> 
> I'm getting REALLY TIRED OF EXPLAINING THIS. Yeah, I know, one must  
> say things ten time to be heard once. But this is eleven . . . ;-)
> 
> We need to sign it, because SRTP-DTLS relies on the signature in order  
> to protect the fingerprint of the media key from MITM attacks.
> 
> In short, SRTP-DTLS requires RFC 4474 (for full function), and PSTN  
> interaction precludes RFC 4474.
> 
> Something has to give. As I see it, we MUST pick at least one of the  
> following:
> 
> 1) Change RFC 4474 so that it can be used with phone gateways.
> 2) Change DTLS-SRTP so that it doesn't depend on RFC 4474.
> 3) Decide that we can live without integrity protection of the media  
> key on calls transiting PSTN gateways, and document this.
> 
> We already have a strong argument for amending RFC 4474 so that SBCs  
> that tweak the SDP don't break the Identity signature. If we do this,  
> add the "not really an identity" flag, and mod DTLS-SRTP to account  
> for the changes, then I think we have a full solution.

Dean,

I don't think that this analysis is correct.

First, you claim "SRTP-DTLS requires RFC 4474 (for full function)".
That's not quite correct, and I think it's worth walking through
the security analysis.


Let's start by looking at a simpler case, Web security. In the
classic Web security case, the server has a cert and the client
does not. At the completion of the TLS handshake, each side
knows the following:

- The client knows it has a secure connection to the server.
- The server knows it has a secure connection to *someone*.

There are two very important (in fact, the most common) cases
where this is precisely what you want:

(1) When the server does not care who the client is (for instance,
    in software download, where the client cares about getting
    an accurate copy but the server does not care who it gives
    copies to.)
(2) When the server has some other means of authenticating the
    client (for instance, when you're doing e-commerce and the
    client authenticates via password or credit card).

So, in these situations we don't ordinarily say that we're not
getting "full function" but rather that this is the design
goal.


Now, turning to the more complicated voice case. First, the the
fingerprint and RFC 4474 signature (and the RFC 4916 counterpart)
plays the same role here as does the certificate in the ordinary TLS
handshake, namely it provides authentication for one side of the
connection. It's quite possible to have a secure connection where only
one side is authenticated, so long as the authenticated side does not
care about the other side's identity. And there are a number of such
cases, especially in B2C settings. For instance, if I call Fidelity, I
care that I'm not talking to an attacker, but they only care that they
call not be hijacked, because they're going to ask me for a PIN
anyway. This is more or less how all PSTN-based security works
now, because you can't trust CNID. More on this later.

You write: 

  We need to sign it, because SRTP-DTLS relies on the signature in order  
  to protect the fingerprint of the media key from MITM attacks.

This isn't quite correct. As long as one side verifies the other
side's identity, than MITM attacks get blocked, because an MITM attack
requires replacing keys in both directions with the attacker's
key. Consider the following example, in which Alice is calling Bob,
but for some reason her fingerprint isn't signed:


Alice                      Attacker                    Bob
----------------------------------------------------------
Fingerprint=X (unsigned) ->
                               Fingerprint=A (unsigned) ->
                               
                            <- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)
<- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)

So, Bob has no reliable way of knowing Alice's identity. However,
that's not sufficient to mount an MITM attack, which required that the
attacker to replace Bob's key Z with his own key A. But he can't do
that without replacing Bob's fingerprint, which would require the
ability to sign a message from Bob [0].


Now, let's turn to the PSTN case, the simplest of which is shown in
Figure 2 of draft-schwartz-sip-e164-ownership-01, namely, someone on
the PSTN calls someone on IP network. As has been widely noted, there
is no technical reason that the PSTN GW can't RFC 4474 sign the From
line, (though it's not clear what that means from the RP's
perspective), but even if the GW doesn't sign, we still have
significant security properties as long as it *verifies* the called
parties signature.  

Moreover, since the GW doesn't really know the
caller's identity (because you can't trust the PSTN identity
assertions) this is the best set of properties one could hope for, no
matter what SIP mechanisms we create. Even if there were some
mechanism by which the GW could say "I received this over the
PSTN and the CNID said X", and the relying party trusted the
RP not to lie, it still can't believe this assertion because
the GW's information is untrustworthy.

-Ekr


[0] But wait, you say. In SIP we don't have any restrictions on
who the call gets retargeted to, so the attacker could just send
his own key with a (valid) RFC 4474 identity pointing to his real
identity. This is absolutely true, and either Alice (or her UI
needs) to notice this, or we need a secure retargeting mechanism,
but this is a separate technical issue. The requirement right
now is that the right identity shows up in Alice's display, and
we get that right.
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>, "sip@ietf.org List" <sip@ietf.org>
Date: Sun, 13 Apr 2008 11:32:12 -0400
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dean
> Willis
>
> We've realized we have a specification mutual exclusion.
>
> RFC 4474 as written precludes the insertion of an Identity header by
> an authentication service into a SIP message produced by a PSTN
> gateway. However, DTLS-SRTP as written needs such an Identity header
> in order to be able to verify that the media key fingerprint has not
> been altered by a MITM who is also attacking on the media path.

It's not just DTLS-SRTP fingerprints, it's non-SDP mime bodies as well.  For example the body of a MESSAGE request.  Middle-boxes have no need to change such bodies in transit, and we shouldn't want them to.  But as it stands right now, some middle-boxes would either break the signature or need to re-sign (if possible), simply because they modify the call-id.  It is debatable if changing the call-id has any real security implications for 4474, or if they're so minor that we're cutting off our nose to spite our face.

-hadriel
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>, Dean Willis
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Date: Sun, 13 Apr 2008 12:14:18 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Eric
> Rescorla
>
> First, you claim "SRTP-DTLS requires RFC 4474 (for full function)".
> That's not quite correct, and I think it's worth walking through
> the security analysis.

Agreed, but I don't think he's claiming his sentence as a fully qualified truism, but rather as a short-hand for: "We need one or both of RFC 4474/4916 to be used in common practice, and to sign the SDP, because without one or both of those mechanisms being used it allows a MitM to be a DTLS-SRTP middle-man."


> This isn't quite correct. As long as one side verifies the other
> side's identity, than MITM attacks get blocked, because an MITM attack
> requires replacing keys in both directions with the attacker's
> key. Consider the following example, in which Alice is calling Bob,
> but for some reason her fingerprint isn't signed:
>
>
> Alice                      Attacker                    Bob
> ----------------------------------------------------------
> Fingerprint=X (unsigned) ->
>                                Fingerprint=A (unsigned) ->
>
>                             <- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)
> <- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)
>
> So, Bob has no reliable way of knowing Alice's identity. However,
> that's not sufficient to mount an MITM attack, which required that the
> attacker to replace Bob's key Z with his own key A. But he can't do
> that without replacing Bob's fingerprint, which would require the
> ability to sign a message from Bob [0].

I don't think Dean is claiming a MitM attack is possible when 4474/4916 *is* used.  At least not in the definition of "MitM attack" where one side *thinks* it's secure but it's not.  Clearly a form of MitM attack can be trivially performed whereby neither side get signed requests, but still get fingerprints, but that's not a MitM attack in my book as much as it is a downgrade attack.  And that form of attack can be done on your example above, very easily, but then both Alice and Bob should know their media plane isn't secure.  And similar to TLS, Alice has to take care not to speak her PIN over the media plane to Bob, etc.

But I think Dean's point is: if we can't get a 4474/4916 model to be useful in practice, then *neither* side will be using it in practice.  We want it to be used in practice, as much as possible.  But he should chime in with what he meant. :)

Also, I'm not sure 4916 gives that "other direction" behavior.  It signs an upstream request, from the original UAS to the UAC.  It does not sign an SDP offer/answer from the UAS in the initial INVITE response, and thus does not sign the fingerprint, at least initially.

And even if 4916 is subsequently used, I think (though I'm not sure), that the UAS could well send the 4916 signature in an upstream request with no SDP, thus again not be signing the fingerprint.  (Although the correct thing to do may well be spelled out in Jason's draft, so maybe that's a nit)  And clearly that's not a fault of DTLS-SRTP fingerprint but rather of 4474 not providing a way for responses to be signed, and is a separate topic.

-hadriel

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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>, "sip@ietf.org List" <sip@ietf.org>
Date: Sun, 13 Apr 2008 12:40:05 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] Thoughts on gateways, user=phone,	and the
	Identity/DTLS-SRTP problem
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dean
> Willis
>
> RFC 3261 Section 19.1.1 says:
>
>           The set of valid telephone-subscriber strings is a subset of
>           valid user strings.  The user URI parameter exists to
>           distinguish telephone numbers from user names that happen to
>           look like telephone numbers.  If the user string contains a
>           telephone number formatted as a telephone-subscriber, the user
>           parameter value "phone" SHOULD be present.  Even without this
>           parameter, recipients of SIP and SIPS URIs MAY interpret the
>           pre-@ part as a telephone number if local restrictions on the
>           name space for user name allow it

That last sentence is fascinating.  If I read it right, it basically allows me to treat a sip URI for my domain without the user=phone as a global E.164, if I so wish. (which so happens to be fairly common in my world)  Good, I feel better now. ;)


> If we made it mandatory for a PSTN gateway to assert identities using
> user=phone and documented that Identity headers over an identity with
> a user=phone parameter do not assert the "user part" of that identity,
> then I think we'd have a complete solution.
> Corollary , we need to document that a "phone" UAS that is attached to
> the Internet does NOT use "user=phone" even if its user ID is a phone
> number and the ENUM entry for that phone number happens to point at
> this user ID at this UAS (or supporting domain).

There's a problem with that.  There are many "phone" UAS's which are ultimately reachable over the PSTN.  In fact, I would bet most of them are.  If the From of a request is used to store in one's address book, for later requests, then per Paul's desired behavior that later request could only be delivered over sip, or it should fail.

One would think if the original request were to be delivered by sip, then a request anytime later the other direction could as well.  But that's not the case.  For one, transit peering arrangements are not symmetrical, and it's totally possible that calls across providers in one direction go sip the whole way, but calls the other direction cross the PSTN or H.323 or whatever.  For another, many enterprises have "PSTN fallback" abilities, so that if their SIP trunks fail for some reason, there is a PRI-type backup.

But this issue is somewhat orthogonal to your proposal.  And it's leading me to think that we cannot reasonably have a "if sip: then only SIP" behavior solely based on scheme, as Paul seems to feel is currently implied (I think).

-hadriel
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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At Sun, 13 Apr 2008 12:14:18 -0400,
Hadriel Kaplan wrote:

> > side's identity, than MITM attacks get blocked, because an MITM attack
> > requires replacing keys in both directions with the attacker's
> > key. Consider the following example, in which Alice is calling Bob,
> > but for some reason her fingerprint isn't signed:
> >
> >
> > Alice                      Attacker                    Bob
> > ----------------------------------------------------------
> > Fingerprint=X (unsigned) ->
> >                                Fingerprint=A (unsigned) ->
> >
> >                             <- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)
> > <- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)
> >
> > So, Bob has no reliable way of knowing Alice's identity. However,
> > that's not sufficient to mount an MITM attack, which required that the
> > attacker to replace Bob's key Z with his own key A. But he can't do
> > that without replacing Bob's fingerprint, which would require the
> > ability to sign a message from Bob [0].
> 
> I don't think Dean is claiming a MitM attack is possible when
> 4474/4916 *is* used.  At least not in the definition of "MitM
> attack" where one side *thinks* it's secure but it's not.  Clearly a
> form of MitM attack can be trivially performed whereby neither side
> get signed requests, but still get fingerprints, but that's not a
> MitM attack in my book as much as it is a downgrade attack.  And
> that form of attack can be done on your example above, very easily,
> but then both Alice and Bob should know their media plane isn't
> secure.  And similar to TLS, Alice has to take care not to speak her
> PIN over the media plane to Bob, etc.
>
> But I think Dean's point is: if we can't get a 4474/4916 model to be
> useful in practice, then *neither* side will be using it in
> practice.  We want it to be used in practice, as much as possible.
> But he should chime in with what he meant. :)

Well, I don't know what Dean is claiming, but what *I* am claiming
is that MITM attacks aren't possible as long as at least one side
uses 4474/4916 and the other side checks the signature. And that
means that at least in the case of PSTN->SIP calls, we don't
have an inherent MITM problem. 

-Ekr
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
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Date: Sun, 13 Apr 2008 13:41:09 -0400
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
>
> Well, I don't know what Dean is claiming, but what *I* am claiming
> is that MITM attacks aren't possible as long as at least one side
> uses 4474/4916 and the other side checks the signature. And that
> means that at least in the case of PSTN->SIP calls, we don't
> have an inherent MITM problem.

Although unrelated to your general point above, the PSTN->SIP case seems a bit odd to me in practice, for two reasons:
1) What is it you expect a PSTN GW to do differently in these cases, vs. unsigned cases?  Since the PSTN GW has no way to pass on strength indications on the PSTN, do you expect it to automatically terminate calls which aren't 4916 signed?  Or play some announcement such as "this call is not secure"?  (and do we honestly think they'd do that?)  A downgrade attack is trivially possible, and leaves the PSTN GW with no idea if the called side could have actually done 4916 or not.  So should it just assume if it gets a fingerprint which isn't signed then there is probably a MitM?  (and also not do best-effort srtp offers)

2) You said in your email that the retargeting case is orthogonal, and that either Alice or her UI need to notice this.  But if a PSTN GW is representing Alice, I don't see how that's possible.  [this goes back to a previous thread] I'm not sure how a PSTN GW can know what the right domain for Bob's signature should be.  The PSTN GW only knows a phone number, period.  The 4916 signature may well be signed by a common trusted CA, but that really doesn't mean what it does in TLS, because there is no domain name verification possible to the PSTN GW.  In other words, the GW knows it's calling +123456789, and foo.com signed rfc4916 as sip:123456789@foo.com, with a cert for foo.com.  The common CA did verify foo.com is truly foo.com, but so what?  The PSTN GW has no idea if the 123456789 at foo.com is the same global +123456789 that the PSTN meant to reach, or some legitimate open phone hosting service that happens to have usernames which collide with Fidelity's E.164, or even just another PSTN gateway.  In other words, what stops me (bad guy), from getting an account on foo.com with that number, and redirecting calls from PSTN GW to my account?

-hadriel

p.s. Personally, I think it very unlikely that PSTN-based calls will use DTLS-SRTP to begin with, simply because of the cost-benefit tradeoff.  But that doesn't stop me from wanting it to be possible, and more-so for 4474-type of signing to be possible for other uses.

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On Apr 13, 2008, at 1:17 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
> So where do we go from here?
> Option 1) Ignore it.  This may only be a minor population of the sip  
> community; or they may fix it themselves someday; or it may not be a  
> real problem if they keep doing what they're doing.
> Option 2) Figure out how to make tel more successful.
> Option 3) Figure out how to make sip with user=phone a true alias.
> Option 4) ??
>

I'm inclined to 2 or 3. As the discussion has noted, user=phone is at  
best a trifle underdocumented. Either 2 or 3 requires additional spec  
work; but at lest the problem is tractable this way.

--
Dean

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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On Apr 13, 2008, at 10:31 AM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> At Wed, 9 Apr 2008 23:17:38 -0500,
>>
>
> Dean,
>
> I don't think that this analysis is correct.
>

That's entirely possible. Thank you for helping sort it out.



> First, you claim "SRTP-DTLS requires RFC 4474 (for full function)".
> That's not quite correct, and I think it's worth walking through
> the security analysis.
>

... background elided

> Now, turning to the more complicated voice case. First, the the
> fingerprint and RFC 4474 signature (and the RFC 4916 counterpart)
> plays the same role here as does the certificate in the ordinary TLS
> handshake, namely it provides authentication for one side of the
> connection. It's quite possible to have a secure connection where only
> one side is authenticated, so long as the authenticated side does not
> care about the other side's identity. And there are a number of such
> cases, especially in B2C settings. For instance, if I call Fidelity, I
> care that I'm not talking to an attacker, but they only care that they
> call not be hijacked, because they're going to ask me for a PIN
> anyway. This is more or less how all PSTN-based security works
> now, because you can't trust CNID. More on this later.

Since the call has already been authenticated (4474 provides an  
"authentication service", no?)  Fidelity might well NOT ask you for a  
pin.


>
>
> You write:
>
>  We need to sign it, because SRTP-DTLS relies on the signature in  
> order
>  to protect the fingerprint of the media key from MITM attacks.
>
> This isn't quite correct. As long as one side verifies the other
> side's identity, than MITM attacks get blocked, because an MITM attack
> requires replacing keys in both directions with the attacker's
> key. Consider the following example, in which Alice is calling Bob,
> but for some reason her fingerprint isn't signed:
>
>
> Alice                      Attacker                    Bob
> ----------------------------------------------------------
> Fingerprint=X (unsigned) ->
>                               Fingerprint=A (unsigned) ->
>
>                            <- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)
> <- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)
>
> So, Bob has no reliable way of knowing Alice's identity. However,
> that's not sufficient to mount an MITM attack, which required that the
> attacker to replace Bob's key Z with his own key A. But he can't do
> that without replacing Bob's fingerprint, which would require the
> ability to sign a message from Bob [0].
>

Let's reduce this to what I see as the simplest use case: Alice calls  
Bob through a single domain proxy server that is also an RFC 4474  
authentication service.

Alice----->---PAS----->Bob

Typically, Alice sends an INVITE along with key fingerprint and normal  
SDP, PAS slaps authenticates her and sticks on an Identity header  
signing her INVITE, and sends it to Bob. Bob 200s with SDP and a key  
fingerprint. DTLS happens, Alice and Bob compare the key presented in  
DTLS with the key fingerprint sent in SDP, and everybody is happy.

But what if PAS were evil?

Alice sends an INVITE along with key fingerprint and SDP. PAS replaces  
the fingerprint and SDP pointing PAS, than adds an Identity header.  
Bob received the INVITE, responds with a 200 OK with his own SDP and  
fingerprint. PAS also replaces the SDP and fingerprint in the 200 OK.  
Next, Alice and Bob each independently DTLS handshake with PAS, while  
thinking they're talking directly to each other. The call has been  
intercepted, and the victim's don't know.

While the preceding isn't the use case for which DTLS-SRTP was built,  
it shows the simplest possible structure in which it can be subverted  
by A MITM that is abusing a position of trust. It's far more  
interesting to think about cases where a trust anchor hasn't turned  
evil.

Assume a more complex case, where each of Alice and Bob have their own  
PAS, and an evil proxy EP sits in the middle.


Alice------>PASA------EP------->PASB-----Bob

Here, Alice sends an INVITE with fingerprint and PASA signs it. EP  
passes the request to PASB, which passes it to Bob. Bob replies with a  
200 OK with fingerprint. Note that Bob's 200 OK cannot have an  
identity signature over that fingerprint, since RFC 4474 doesn't work  
on responses. PASB forwards this on to EP, which replaces the SDP and  
fingerprint. Alice then DTLS handshakes with EP, and is quite happy.  
Bob starts to handshake with EP, but since EP isn't in possession of  
Alice's cert, Bob detects the miskey and realizes the call has been  
intercepted. The protocol works against the attack, because Alice's  
fingerprint was integrity protected by PASA and could not be modified  
by EP.

But let's replace Alice with a gateway. This is basically the case  
from 8.4 of draft-ietf-sip-dtls-framework -- "Single-Sided- 
Verification" done backwards, with no integrity protection on the  
forward channel (GW to BOB). The 8.4 case has no verification in the  
other direction.


GW------>PASA------EP------->PASB-----Bob


GW sends an INVITE containing SDP and fingerprint to PASA. Since GW is  
a gateway, PASA cannot add an Identity header that provides integrity  
protection for the fingerprint. PASA forwards the request to EP. EP  
replaces the SDP and fingerprint ands sends it on to PASB. PASB sends  
the request to Bob, who generates a 200 OK with fingerprint and SDP  
then sends the request back to PASB. Since this is a response, PASB  
cannot add an Identity header. EP then replaces the SDP and  
fingerprint. and sends the response on through PASA to GW. GW and Bob  
then each DTLS handshake with EP, and the dirty deed is done.

Surely Bob could then offer connected-identity and send an UPDATE or  
reINVITE along with integrity protection back through the chain to A.  
EP could delay this or discard it, and by the time things have timed  
out, GW and Bob have been talking for a long time with their media  
intercepted.

While there are a lot of ways one could precondition this thing to  
death, the easiest fix is to eliminate this scenario by finding a way  
to apply integrity protect the initial INVITE from GW. The simplest  
approach I can see to doing that is to tweak RFC 4474 so that it can  
be applied to PSTN gateways. RFC 4474 in responses would also be  
darned useful.


>
> Now, let's turn to the PSTN case, the simplest of which is shown in
> Figure 2 of draft-schwartz-sip-e164-ownership-01, namely, someone on
> the PSTN calls someone on IP network. As has been widely noted, there
> is no technical reason that the PSTN GW can't RFC 4474 sign the From
> line, (though it's not clear what that means from the RP's
> perspective), but even if the GW doesn't sign, we still have
> significant security properties as long as it *verifies* the called
> parties signature.

As noted, the called parties' response can be altered by an evil proxy  
in the middle, since the fingerprint  in the 200 OK response isn't  
integrity protected by an RFC 4447 identity header (meaning there is  
no signature!). We can't rely on identity matching, since SIP's  
retargeting model is likely to throw the INVITE to just about anybody.  
So about all the GW can do is verify that the media key fingerprint  
matches the media -- but since the media key fingerprint can be  
altered by the attacker, the only reassurance GW has is that's it is  
talking securely to SOMEBODY, where SOMEBODY might be an attacker, or  
might be a legitimate retarget.

This is kind of like using single-ended TLS to secure HTTP when  
there's no requirement for a match between the certificate name in the  
response and the AOR. It doesn't work.


> Moreover, since the GW doesn't really know the
> caller's identity (because you can't trust the PSTN identity
> assertions) this is the best set of properties one could hope for, no
> matter what SIP mechanisms we create. Even if there were some
> mechanism by which the GW could say "I received this over the
> PSTN and the CNID said X", and the relying party trusted the
> RP not to lie, it still can't believe this assertion because
> the GW's information is untrustworthy.

But if we had a way to provide integrity protection over the  
fingerprint provided by GW, we'd be better off. This has nothing to do  
with identifying the original caller.

I see this as an unfortunate entanglement of the identity of the  
caller with the identity of the party generating the fingerprint. When  
there is a gateway involved, these identities DO NOT MATCH, but the  
current framework approach assumes they do (due to its use of RFC 4474).


> [0] But wait, you say. In SIP we don't have any restrictions on
> who the call gets retargeted to, so the attacker could just send
> his own key with a (valid) RFC 4474 identity pointing to his real
> identity. This is absolutely true, and either Alice (or her UI
> needs) to notice this, or we need a secure retargeting mechanism,
> but this is a separate technical issue. The requirement right
> now is that the right identity shows up in Alice's display, and
> we get that right.
>

The attacker doesn't have to send an RFC 4474 Identity header, because  
he's attacking the response, not the request, as far as the GW is  
concerned. And RFC 4474 doesn't protect responses.


--
Dean
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] Thoughts on gateways, user=phone,
	and the Identity/DTLS-SRTP problem
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Thoughts on gateways, user=phone,
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There is fall back in the circuit switched world, never mind IP over
lays for enterprise. 


> If we made it mandatory for a PSTN gateway to assert identities using
> user=phone and documented that Identity headers over an identity with
> a user=phone parameter do not assert the "user part" of that identity,
> then I think we'd have a complete solution.
> Corollary , we need to document that a "phone" UAS that is attached to
> the Internet does NOT use "user=phone" even if its user ID is a phone
> number and the ENUM entry for that phone number happens to point at
> this user ID at this UAS (or supporting domain).

There's a problem with that.  There are many "phone" UAS's which are
ultimately reachable over the PSTN.  In fact, I would bet most of them
are.  If the From of a request is used to store in one's address book,
for later requests, then per Paul's desired behavior that later request
could only be delivered over sip, or it should fail.

One would think if the original request were to be delivered by sip,
then a request anytime later the other direction could as well.  But
that's not the case.  For one, transit peering arrangements are not
symmetrical, and it's totally possible that calls across providers in
one direction go sip the whole way, but calls the other direction cross
the PSTN or H.323 or whatever.  For another, many enterprises have "PSTN
fallback" abilities, so that if their SIP trunks fail for some reason,
there is a PRI-type backup.

But this issue is somewhat orthogonal to your proposal.  And it's
leading me to think that we cannot reasonably have a "if sip: then only
SIP" behavior solely based on scheme, as Paul seems to feel is currently
implied (I think).

-hadriel
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I'm just saying what I've seen.

I'm not endorsing it by any means. I'm just saying is has a better chance of
working in the real world today than putting a Tel URI on the wire.


On Apr12 2008 21:25 , "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com> wrote:

> So you are telling me that you SHOULD forward someone to your own domain
> to reach a phone number even when you know that your domain would not be
> willing to route the resulting request from the forwardee. Instead you
> are *counting* on the forwardee to *ignore* the domain and the 3263
> routing rules and instead use its own logic to reach the number???
> 
> So in effect you are suggesting that we should revise 3263 regarding sip
> URIs with user=phone, and get the result widely adopted rather than get
> tel widely adopted.
> 
> Paul
> 
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Juha
>>> Heinanen
>>> 
>>> Francois Audet writes:
>>> 
>>>> Insisting on Tel URI seems kind of out of touch with reality.
>>> 
>>> then PSTN is out of touch with 302.  please tell me, how can i write a
>>> sip uri in my phone that redirects the caller in another domain to my
>>> cell phone?
>> 
>> Well a 302 with a tel may work, or may not.  Alternatively you could use a
>> sip URI in the 302.  For the domain portion of that 302's contact: if you
>> don't know a SIP-PSTN provider which will send it to your cell, then you
>> could try setting it to your provider's domain (if you have one), or the
>> domain which sent the request.  And since a 3xx can have multiple contact
>> URIs, you can try all these at the same time, including Tel, but I suggest
>> making the first one the most likely to succeed, because I've been told some
>> devices can't handle multiple contacts either (ya, it's friggin nuts - don't
>> shoot the messenger).
>> 
>> It's nasty, but it should work in many cases I think. (though honestly most
>> cases I've seen just set it to sip and their provider's domain and it
>> works... but that could easily be because I mostly only see traces from
>> providers)
>> 
>> -hadriel
>> 

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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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I understand what you are saying.

But I have difficulty imagining a case where the owner of the domain of the
service provider or enterprise (example.com) would not be able to reach a
PSTN gateway.

I guess you are worried about a@a.com phoning b@b.com and b.com doesn't have
a gateway but wants to forward to PSTN (and wants the originating to fork
the bill). So it sends tel URI instead. Sure, but again, I doubt it will
work very well.

I guess you could cheat and put a.com in the SIP contact. I think there are
lots of cases where the domain will be ignored anyways.

Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me to use Tel URI for
this. I am just saying it may cause interop problems. Maybe that's ok, and
maybe implementations will start implementing tel URI.


On Apr12 2008 21:48 , "Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com> wrote:

> Francois Audet writes:
> 
>> Every single implementation that I've see does the following:
>> 
>> Contact: sip:+19725551212@example.com;user=phone
>> 
>> Where example.com is the domain of the forwarding user. The SIP proxy will
>> then route it to a PSTN if appropriate.
> 
> i think you have not followed this thread.  it has been pointed out that
> the above does no work if caller does not have the right to use pstn
> gateway of example.com.
> 
> -- juha

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Cc: SIP IETF <sip@ietf.org>, Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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ISTM that pieces of the specs, like tel, aren't implemented for a couple 
of reasons:
- they are too hard to implement
- there isn't enough bang for the buck
- its just not understood

Tel clearly isn't *hard* to implement. That rules out the first excuse, 
and for the second implies that there isn't perceived to be much bang at 
all, since the bucks are small. So I expect that either it just isn't 
understood, or else there is perceived to be no benefit at all.

If we can demonstrate that there is value here then it seems like it 
should be possible to get implementors to support it. But maybe I'm 
being naive.

	Paul

Dean Willis wrote:
> 
> On Apr 13, 2008, at 1:17 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>
>> So where do we go from here?
>> Option 1) Ignore it.  This may only be a minor population of the sip 
>> community; or they may fix it themselves someday; or it may not be a 
>> real problem if they keep doing what they're doing.
>> Option 2) Figure out how to make tel more successful.
>> Option 3) Figure out how to make sip with user=phone a true alias.
>> Option 4) ??
>>
> 
> I'm inclined to 2 or 3. As the discussion has noted, user=phone is at 
> best a trifle underdocumented. Either 2 or 3 requires additional spec 
> work; but at lest the problem is tractable this way.
> 
> -- 
> Dean
> 
> 
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If you create a URI that know not to be valid, or don't know to be 
valid, you are asking for trouble. This is certainly the case with b.com 
constructs an a.com uri. And its also true when b.com creates a uri with 
the b.com domain for a phone number not  belonging to b.com, and gives 
it to somebody who has no service relationship with b.com. This might 
work in some cases, but it is no basis for normative behavior.

We need to specify something that can be expected to work.

	Paul

Francois Audet wrote:
> I understand what you are saying.
> 
> But I have difficulty imagining a case where the owner of the domain of the
> service provider or enterprise (example.com) would not be able to reach a
> PSTN gateway.
> 
> I guess you are worried about a@a.com phoning b@b.com and b.com doesn't have
> a gateway but wants to forward to PSTN (and wants the originating to fork
> the bill). So it sends tel URI instead. Sure, but again, I doubt it will
> work very well.
> 
> I guess you could cheat and put a.com in the SIP contact. I think there are
> lots of cases where the domain will be ignored anyways.
> 
> Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me to use Tel URI for
> this. I am just saying it may cause interop problems. Maybe that's ok, and
> maybe implementations will start implementing tel URI.
> 
> 
> On Apr12 2008 21:48 , "Juha Heinanen" <jh@tutpro.com> wrote:
> 
>> Francois Audet writes:
>>
>>> Every single implementation that I've see does the following:
>>>
>>> Contact: sip:+19725551212@example.com;user=phone
>>>
>>> Where example.com is the domain of the forwarding user. The SIP proxy will
>>> then route it to a PSTN if appropriate.
>> i think you have not followed this thread.  it has been pointed out that
>> the above does no work if caller does not have the right to use pstn
>> gateway of example.com.
>>
>> -- juha
> 
> 
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dean
>> Willis
>>
>> RFC 3261 Section 19.1.1 says:
>>
>>           The set of valid telephone-subscriber strings is a subset of
>>           valid user strings.  The user URI parameter exists to
>>           distinguish telephone numbers from user names that happen to
>>           look like telephone numbers.  If the user string contains a
>>           telephone number formatted as a telephone-subscriber, the user
>>           parameter value "phone" SHOULD be present.  Even without this
>>           parameter, recipients of SIP and SIPS URIs MAY interpret the
>>           pre-@ part as a telephone number if local restrictions on the
>>           name space for user name allow it
> 
> That last sentence is fascinating.  If I read it right, it basically allows me to treat a sip URI for my domain without the user=phone as a global E.164, if I so wish. (which so happens to be fairly common in my world)  Good, I feel better now. ;)

If this is news to you, then you guys really lucked out. :-)

>> If we made it mandatory for a PSTN gateway to assert identities using
>> user=phone and documented that Identity headers over an identity with
>> a user=phone parameter do not assert the "user part" of that identity,
>> then I think we'd have a complete solution.
>> Corollary , we need to document that a "phone" UAS that is attached to
>> the Internet does NOT use "user=phone" even if its user ID is a phone
>> number and the ENUM entry for that phone number happens to point at
>> this user ID at this UAS (or supporting domain).
> 
> There's a problem with that.  There are many "phone" UAS's which are ultimately reachable over the PSTN.  In fact, I would bet most of them are.  If the From of a request is used to store in one's address book, for later requests, then per Paul's desired behavior that later request could only be delivered over sip, or it should fail.

I'm not so rigid as to think gailure is the best option.
I can see the conversion from sip to tel as a heuristic to recover from 
failure to reach the destination via the sip URI in normal ways. It 
woujld require some thought to decide which particular errors would make 
sense to retry in this way.

But I do think one ought to attempt to honor the intent of the provider 
of the URI. IMO 3263 is pretty clear about how a sip uri is to be routed.

> One would think if the original request were to be delivered by sip, then a request anytime later the other direction could as well.  But that's not the case.  For one, transit peering arrangements are not symmetrical, and it's totally possible that calls across providers in one direction go sip the whole way, but calls the other direction cross the PSTN or H.323 or whatever.  For another, many enterprises have "PSTN fallback" abilities, so that if their SIP trunks fail for some reason, there is a PRI-type backup.

I'm not getting your point. Return routing will be based on a different 
URI provided by the other party. All this discussion applies to that as 
well. Whether reverse routing is possible is irrelevant here.

> But this issue is somewhat orthogonal to your proposal.  And it's leading me to think that we cannot reasonably have a "if sip: then only SIP" behavior solely based on scheme, as Paul seems to feel is currently implied (I think).

Yes, I think that is implied. And subject to some possible fallback 
behavior I think it is a good thing, as long as we have a uri (tel) that 
covers the cases when that isn't the the appropriate.

	Paul
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From: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Paul
>> Kyzivat
>> [snip]
>> IMO that is a value of distinguishing tel from sip/user=phone. With sip,
>> the supplier of the URI determines the routing. With tel, the originator
>> of the call determines the routing.
> 
> You're implying the supplier or originator of the URI cares, or has a way to let its user determine this.  Afaik, there is no button on phones for "let people call me only through sip" vs. "let people call me however they can".  Most vendors assume people want the latter, I suspect.  But since most or at least many devices use sip: all the time period, and most proxy/etc. vendors want calls to work because their customers do, they will route it whichever way they can to do so.

As I've said elsewhere it doesn't upset me to have pstn routing used as 
a fallback. But the common behavior we've been discussing has never 
stated the sip routing will be preferentially tried.

Regarding whether the phone gives the user a way to specify this 
behavior: it would be an unusual user who would understand how to use 
such an option. But I can see how particular devices, based on their 
design of configuration, would decide this one way or another. 
Audio-only devices might just use tel all the time, since sip routing 
might not give them any benefit.

Multimedia devices, and devices with fancy audio capabilities might 
choose to advertise a sip URI because there is little benefit to them 
otherwise.

> A second problem is the desired behavior of using the From for later requests.  Since UA's register a sip URI typically, and they use this for the From of their requests, the far-end UAS will get that From.  Since the UAS would then use this URI for its address book to generate new requests later, by your earlier emails this implies that UAS only wants the request to purely stay sip.

This does require some additional clarification. At the moment it is not 
legal to register a tel URI. So you must register the sip equivalent 
instead. There would need to be some clarification about the cases where 
a tel may be used with a sip phone number registration. Or else maybe it 
would be better to make registering a tel URI valid. I don't currently 
have a strong opinion on one vs the other.

> That would be ok if the original request stayed sip the entire path to the UAS,
> and the reverse path sometime later could also stay sip. 
> There are actually cases where that's not going to be true, but let's assume it
> is for now.  So imagine if the original request had a sip From but a tel req-uri.
> For some reason this request gets routed through the PSTN, back over SIP to the
> final dest UAS.  If the PSTN-SIP gateway uses a tel From we're ok, but if it
> uses a sip From then per the desired behavior the UAS would use this sip URL
> in later requests and not be able to use the PSTN or whatever to get it back.

Well, with the semantics we are trying to sort out, it would be entirely 
appropriate for the GW to use a tel uri for To-, From-, and R-URIs. 
Since the incoming call is from the PSTN it has no data to suggest that 
the caller can be reached any other way. I suppose it could use a sip 
URI identifying itself, if it *wants* to take responsibility for any 
return calls, but that is an unlikely scenario.

> That, to me, is why this desired behavior is so brittle.  There are just so
> many times/ways a sip URL in the From or req-uri is used when it ostensibly
> shouldn't, that operators have little choice but to ignore it to make calls work. 
> I think this may be fixable eventually, but I'm not quite sure how to do that
> and keep all the semantics you're looking for, without having calls fail in
> the transition period - which is a non-starter.
> 
> 
>> It is the desire to ignore the domain name in the sip URI that leads to
>> your need to have this special, unenforceable, policy on responsibility.
>> (Well, its enforceable in a legal sense with peering agreements, but
>> that builds a closed garden.)
> 
> People don't "desire" to ignore the domain name, they "desire" to make calls work.  If all UA's sent using tel URLs when they should per your definition, we probably wouldn't be having this conversation. :)

I'm proposing what I think is a more sensible and functional arrangement 
if everybody followed it. Obviously everybody doesn't follow it now, we 
need to figure out if there is a feasible migration path. But its not 
like everything that should work does work today (or we wouldn't be 
having this conversation), so there is need to figure stuff out in any case.

(My general philosophy of architecture is to first figure out when I 
want to be, then figure out how to get there, and finally make 
compromises if I can't find a way to get there. If instead you just find 
the easiest thing you can do, you just end up going in circles and 
making a hodge-podge.)

	Paul
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
>
> As I've said elsewhere it doesn't upset me to have pstn routing used as
> a fallback. But the common behavior we've been discussing has never
> stated the sip routing will be preferentially tried.

Ah.  Well, in my world it's not a black-white thing.  I always like to think sip end-end is preferential, but there are cases due to least-cost-routing or regulatory requirements that the PSTN is used when there was a sip path.  But anyway, if you think it's ok to use PSTN as a fallback for a sip: request, then I'm not sure what the problem is?  I mean that effectively weakens the scheme to be basically what we have now, no?


> Well, with the semantics we are trying to sort out, it would be entirely
> appropriate for the GW to use a tel uri for To-, From-, and R-URIs.
> Since the incoming call is from the PSTN it has no data to suggest that
> the caller can be reached any other way. I suppose it could use a sip
> URI identifying itself, if it *wants* to take responsibility for any
> return calls, but that is an unlikely scenario.

Totally, but it's not what they're doing. (some are good about this, some ain't)  And Dean is currently proposing a GW uses a sip: From URI, with a user=phone, so it can be signed.  But that is another of the many issue threads. :)


> I'm proposing what I think is a more sensible and functional arrangement
> if everybody followed it. Obviously everybody doesn't follow it now, we
> need to figure out if there is a feasible migration path. But its not
> like everything that should work does work today (or we wouldn't be
> having this conversation), so there is need to figure stuff out in any
> case.

I'm trying to remember how we got on this topic, because things are working fine with-respect-to sip as a default scheme, afaik.  I think it's architecturally ugly, and will cause us grief later, but I can't seem to recall what current "problem" drove this particular topic.(?)

-hadriel
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> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
> >
> > As I've said elsewhere it doesn't upset me to have pstn routing used
as
> > a fallback. But the common behavior we've been discussing has never
> > stated the sip routing will be preferentially tried.
> 
> Ah.  Well, in my world it's not a black-white thing.  I 
> always like to think sip end-end is preferential, but there 
> are cases due to least-cost-routing or regulatory 
> requirements that the PSTN is used when there was a sip path. 
>  But anyway, if you think it's ok to use PSTN as a fallback 
> for a sip: request, then I'm not sure what the problem is?  I 
> mean that effectively weakens the scheme to be basically what 
> we have now, no?

Seems that way to me.  Any such rule would have to allow for network
policy, and there are lots of legitimate policies e.g., least cost
routing and the necessity of SIP peering agreements, that would result
in its not being followed.  In the end this is a business issue not a
technical one.

tim
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Date: Sun, 13 Apr 2008 23:21:31 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] Thoughts on gateways, user=phone, and the
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
>
> But I do think one ought to attempt to honor the intent of the provider
> of the URI. IMO 3263 is pretty clear about how a sip uri is to be routed.

Yes, but I'm not clear which part of 3263 *isn't* being honored.  You set your req-uri to sip:123456789@example.com, it reaches example.com, example.com says "hmm, not one of my users, I'll consider this a telephone number, and try the SIP-trunk or PSTN or whatever".  It reached the intended sip target domain (example.com).


> [snipped stuff]
> I'm not getting your point. Return routing will be based on a different
> URI provided by the other party. All this discussion applies to that as
> well. Whether reverse routing is possible is irrelevant here.

Dean had said we would need to get "phones" to NOT use "user=phone", while GW's do - both using a sip: From.  I had thought you were saying a sip scheme demands a SIP path be used.  So my point was that just because I can get a SIP request to sip:pkyzivat@cisco.com, with a signed From of sip:123456789@acmepacket.com, and you store that in your address book, does not mean you can then 2 days later get a request to sip:123456789@acmepacket.com to stay SIP to me.  It does not mean I wanted to only be reachable by SIP, and it does not mean *you* (the human) only want to reach me via SIP when you send it.  That's all - just reiterating the same as before really.  Nothing to see here, move along... :)

-hadriel
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
>
> ISTM that pieces of the specs, like tel, aren't implemented for a couple
> of reasons:
> - they are too hard to implement
> - there isn't enough bang for the buck
> - its just not understood
>
> Tel clearly isn't *hard* to implement. That rules out the first excuse,
> and for the second implies that there isn't perceived to be much bang at
> all, since the bucks are small. So I expect that either it just isn't
> understood, or else there is perceived to be no benefit at all.
> If we can demonstrate that there is value here then it seems like it
> should be possible to get implementors to support it. But maybe I'm
> being naive.

Well, under the "not enough bang for buck" category would be the "it sometimes fails" sub-type.  I find that with many of the things in sip, because lots of equipment is already deployed, if a mechanism introduces a call failure probability it would have to have a really BIG benefit to overcome that.  Using a TEL URI just isn't something that can be ignored, or negotiated.  New devices introduced into an already deployed network have to work seamlessly with the legacy crap, or they don't get in.  So it may well be that lots of devices are now able to handle TEL, and we'll just never know it due to this vicious cycle. :(

-hadriel
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Thoughts on gateways, user=phone,
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
>>
>> But I do think one ought to attempt to honor the intent of the provider
>> of the URI. IMO 3263 is pretty clear about how a sip uri is to be routed.
> 
> Yes, but I'm not clear which part of 3263 *isn't* being honored.  You set your req-uri to sip:123456789@example.com, it reaches example.com, example.com says "hmm, not one of my users, I'll consider this a telephone number, and try the SIP-trunk or PSTN or whatever".  It reached the intended sip target domain (example.com).

I have absolutely *no* problem with that, *if* it reaches example.com 
before being translated. That is policy business between you and your 
home proxy.

I have a problem when it passes through foo.com which then decides this 
is a phone number and routes it to a GW without it ever going to 
example.com. And I am hearing you (I think) and others saying that is 
common practice and in fact necessary in many cases for calls not to fail.

>> [snipped stuff]
>> I'm not getting your point. Return routing will be based on a different
>> URI provided by the other party. All this discussion applies to that as
>> well. Whether reverse routing is possible is irrelevant here.
> 
> Dean had said we would need to get "phones" to NOT use "user=phone",
> while GW's do - both using a sip: From. 

That is a somewhat interesting proposal. But it does change the existing 
semantics of user=phone. So I hope we can keep that as a separate 
discussion.

> I had thought you were saying
> a sip scheme demands a SIP path be used. 

I believe it does, just as much as sips demands that a sips path be 
used, http demands that an http path be used, etc.

If somebody gives you an http URL, do you think it is an intended usage 
for you to transform it into an ftp URL?

It in fact may work to transform the http into an ftp URL. But if so 
that is a special case that can only be known to work based on extra 
context.

In the case of sip, we might say that user=phone is provides that extra 
context. IMO that is still just a heuristic, not a standard behavior. If 
we want it to be a sanctioned standard behavior then we need to write 
some new specs.

> So my point was that just
> because I can get a SIP request to sip:pkyzivat@cisco.com, with a signed
> From of sip:123456789@acmepacket.com, and you store that in your address
> book, does not mean you can then 2 days later get a request to
> sip:123456789@acmepacket.com to stay SIP to me. 

Well, there are no *guarantees*.

But IMO you ought not to be using that as your From address if you 
*expect* callbacks to work and you don't at least *expect* that the 
returns will work via an all-sip path. If you don't think so, then IMO 
you ought to put a TEL URI in the From.

> It does not mean I wanted
> to only be reachable by SIP, and it does not mean *you* (the human) only
> want to reach me via SIP when you send it.  That's all - just reiterating
> the same as before really.  Nothing to see here, move along... :)

I disagree. IMO this is indeed the true distinction between sip and tel.

	Paul

> -hadriel
> _______________________________________________
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> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2008 01:16:24 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] Thoughts on gateways, user=phone, and the
	Identity/DTLS-SRTP problem
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
>
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> > Yes, but I'm not clear which part of 3263 *isn't* being honored.  You
> set your req-uri to sip:123456789@example.com, it reaches example.com,
> example.com says "hmm, not one of my users, I'll consider this a telephone
> number, and try the SIP-trunk or PSTN or whatever".  It reached the
> intended sip target domain (example.com).
>
> I have absolutely *no* problem with that, *if* it reaches example.com
> before being translated. That is policy business between you and your
> home proxy.
>
> I have a problem when it passes through foo.com which then decides this
> is a phone number and routes it to a GW without it ever going to
> example.com. And I am hearing you (I think) and others saying that is
> common practice and in fact necessary in many cases for calls not to fail.

Ahhh... crap, we were talking past each other.  No, it is not common usage afaik for a sip request to example.com to be shunted to the PSTN by foo.com.

It may well be that's what would happen, but as far as I know it's incredibly rare for foo.com to get a request for example.com to begin with.  Because afaict no one knows what "final" target domain to set for the req-uri, other than their local enterprise's or provider's, who then changes it to their next-hop domain, and so on.  This works, because they're really all "routing" based on phone numbers at the end of the day.  [I am ignoring the visited proxy model, because such roaming is still rare in SIP afaik]

If a request for example.com were to arrive at foo.com, and it accepted it, I still think it could try it to the PSTN if example.com were a customer of foo.com's and the number was one of example.com's. (ie, if foo.com was a provider and had a pstn-fallback service for its enterprise customer example.com)  But that's probably a nit?


> > I had thought you were saying
> > a sip scheme demands a SIP path be used.
>
> I believe it does, just as much as sips demands that a sips path be
> used, http demands that an http path be used, etc.

Interestingly, I had thought we decided sips did not carry that semantic a long time ago - if you set the req-uri to sips:123456789@example.com, and it reached example.com over TLS, example.com formed the end of that URI domain and could send it into the PSTN or whatever at will.


> If somebody gives you an http URL, do you think it is an intended usage
> for you to transform it into an ftp URL?
> It in fact may work to transform the http into an ftp URL. But if so
> that is a special case that can only be known to work based on extra
> context.

If someone set an http URL, I would expect it to be HTTP to the target domain of that URL.  But that web server could use FTP behind the scenes to retrieve its data to feed to you over HTTP, or could use TFTP, or NFS, or any protocol of its choosing.

-hadriel
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From: "ajay thakur" <thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com>
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Hi all,
I have few doubts about SIP deployment.

(1) Given that NAT/firewall creates problem for SIP calls. How these
problems
are solved in the practical deployment. IS it by using STUN or by using
SIP-alg.

(2) Also i guess not all phones support STUN. How does it work. ?

Any idea?


Ajay

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<div>Hi all,</div>
<div>I have few doubts about SIP deployment. </div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>(1) Given that NAT/firewall creates problem for SIP calls. How these problems</div>
<div>are solved in the practical deployment. IS it by using STUN or by using SIP-alg.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>(2) Also i guess not all phones support STUN. How does&nbsp;it work. ?</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Any idea?</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Ajay&nbsp;</div>

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_______________________________________________
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Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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--===============0968761067==--


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Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2008 06:13:22 -0700
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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At Sun, 13 Apr 2008 13:41:09 -0400,
Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
> >
> > Well, I don't know what Dean is claiming, but what *I* am claiming
> > is that MITM attacks aren't possible as long as at least one side
> > uses 4474/4916 and the other side checks the signature. And that
> > means that at least in the case of PSTN->SIP calls, we don't
> > have an inherent MITM problem.
> 
> Although unrelated to your general point above, the PSTN->SIP case
> seems a bit odd to me in practice, for two reasons: 1) What is it
> you expect a PSTN GW to do differently in these cases, vs. unsigned
> cases?  Since the PSTN GW has no way to pass on strength indications
> on the PSTN, do you expect it to automatically terminate calls which
> aren't 4916 signed?  Or play some announcement such as "this call is
> not secure"?  (and do we honestly think they'd do that?)

Well, I don't actually expect them to do either, but that's fundamentally
not my problem. We're offering a higher level of security than the
PSTN is. If people making calls from the PSTN want to take advantage
of that, they'll need to do some ugly stuff.

>  A
> downgrade attack is trivially possible, and leaves the PSTN GW with
> no idea if the called side could have actually done 4916 or not.

That's not clearly true. As I understand the situation, when this
is *your* PSTN gateway, or at least has a relationship with you
so that it knows where to route calls to 1234. It's quite possible
it could know the capabilities of your proxy.


>  So
> should it just assume if it gets a fingerprint which isn't signed
> then there is probably a MitM?  (and also not do best-effort srtp
> offers)

That seems to me making the best the enemy of the good. There's certainly
value in unauthenticated encryption against passive attackers.


> 2) You said in your email that the retargeting case is orthogonal,
> and that either Alice or her UI need to notice this.  But if a PSTN
> GW is representing Alice, I don't see how that's possible.  [this
> goes back to a previous thread] I'm not sure how a PSTN GW can know
> what the right domain for Bob's signature should be.  The PSTN GW
> only knows a phone number, period.  The 4916 signature may well be
> signed by a common trusted CA, but that really doesn't mean what it
> does in TLS, because there is no domain name verification possible
> to the PSTN GW.  In other words, the GW knows it's calling
> +123456789, and foo.com signed rfc4916 as sip:123456789@foo.com,
> with a cert for foo.com.  The common CA did verify foo.com is truly
> foo.com, but so what?  The PSTN GW has no idea if the 123456789 at
> foo.com is the same global +123456789 that the PSTN meant to reach,
> or some legitimate open phone hosting service that happens to have
> usernames which collide with Fidelity's E.164, or even just another
> PSTN gateway.  In other words, what stops me (bad guy), from getting
> an account on foo.com with that number, and redirecting calls from
> PSTN GW to my account?

And this has what to do with RFC 4474 or DTLS-SRTP? This is a pure
routing issue: the GW needs to know what proxy to contact for phone
number X. That configuration could (or could not) contain an 
indicator of whether 4916 is expected and what certificate should
be used. 

-Ekr

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
[snip]

> And this has what to do with RFC 4474 or DTLS-SRTP? This is a pure
> routing issue: the GW needs to know what proxy to contact for phone
> number X. That configuration could (or could not) contain an 
> indicator of whether 4916 is expected and what certificate should
> be used. 

There's a difference between knowing a place to send the request so that 
it will eventually reach the right destination, and knowing the ultimate 
destination. There could be a *lot* of GWs, that typically are pretty 
dumb, and depend on some other routing element (e.g. proxy) to get the 
request to the right place.

You seem to be saying that the GW needs to know a lot more than that to 
secure the call. Far from ideal. Is that right, or am I missing something?

	Paul
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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At Mon, 14 Apr 2008 09:28:10 -0400,
Paul Kyzivat wrote:
> 
> 
> 
> Eric Rescorla wrote:
> [snip]
> 
> > And this has what to do with RFC 4474 or DTLS-SRTP? This is a pure
> > routing issue: the GW needs to know what proxy to contact for phone
> > number X. That configuration could (or could not) contain an 
> > indicator of whether 4916 is expected and what certificate should
> > be used. 
> 
> There's a difference between knowing a place to send the request so that 
> it will eventually reach the right destination, and knowing the ultimate 
> destination. There could be a *lot* of GWs, that typically are pretty 
> dumb, and depend on some other routing element (e.g. proxy) to get the 
> request to the right place.

Yep. This is a fundamental issue of integrity for SIP call routing.


> You seem to be saying that the GW needs to know a lot more than that to 
> secure the call. Far from ideal. Is that right, or am I missing something?

I agree it's far from ideal. There are two possible solutions to this sort
of problem:

- Some sort of authenticated history mechanism that gives the gateway
  confidence that the call was routed correctly
- Enough UI to tell the user who *actually* answered the call.

Unfortunately, the second isn't available here because of the lame PSTN
UI.

-Ekr



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Dean,

Thanks for taking the lead here on trying to get a handle on what
needs to be done.

Reading your message, what strikes me is that these issues are bigger
than just RFC 4474 - although in some cases changes to RFC 4474 may be
part of the solution.  So, I'd like to see the WG focus on is
getting a crisp definition of the problem and how to solve it,
rather than asking what changes to 4474 are required just yet.


On Apr 12, 2008, at 1:26 AM, Dean Willis wrote:
>
> We've had a lot of recent discussions about issues relating to the  
> use of RFC 4474, and I've had a bunch of side conversations with  
> people this week on the same topic.
>
> Here's where I think we're at:
>
> RFC 4474 is pretty good. Since it was published, we've learned more  
> about the problem space. In the largest part, we've learned that the  
> authors of RFC 4474 and the working group did an excellent job of  
> analyzing the fundamental requirements for attaching forward  
> authentication (as opposed to challenge-response) to SIP. We've also  
> learned that the real world has some nastiness that isn't quite  
> covered by RFC 4474, but it appears that very small adjustments to  
> the specification could cover most or all of the cases we've  
> discovered.
>
>
> I'd therefore like to propose that the working group consider the  
> task of narrowly revising RFC 4474 to account for four specific  
> points:
>
> 1) Revising the "what gets signed" aspect to allow modification of  
> the SDP by the SBCs we seem to keep encountering. While it is  
> important to verify the SDP, we now have the DTLS-SRTP framework to  
> vouch for the authenticity of the media channel. I suggest that  
> there not be any optionality to "what gets signed", but that the  
> fixed set of items be revised so as to allow SBC operations, and to  
> note the dependency on DTLS-SRTP for media authentication.

Based on the discussion I've seen so far, the primary use case for
this modification is to allow the SBC to do media steering so it can
steer the RTP through a path that provides better QoS. As you say,
this could be achieved by modifying the SDP and changing RFC 4474 to
allow that, but there are probably some other approaches we should be
considering as well, including ones that may need to be done outside
of SIP. If there's consensus that this is the problem
that needs solving, then I'll get with the SIP, SIPPING, and MMUSIC
chairs and figure out a process for how to evaluate the various
options and get this moving forward. If this isn't
the primary use case, then I think we probably need some more
discussion to get a clearer idea of what the problem is.


>
>
> 2) RFC 4474 did not consider the requirements of calls transiting  
> gateways and the issues related to expressing identities that  
> originate outside the Internet, specifically phone numbers delivered  
> via caller ID. While RFC 4474 can say nothing authoritative about  
> the phone number, it seems that it could quite reasonably say  
> something authoritative about the gateway. We've seen several  
> proposals for doing this using conventions for the expression of  
> "phone" identities in the From header field. I believe that a  
> revised RFC 4474 is the place to document such a convention and any  
> needed extension parameters.

It seems to me that there are actually two issues here:

- To have a way for the gateway to say: 'this URI corresponds to
  a phone number'
- To have a way for receiver of the above assertion to determine
  whether to trust it.

These are actually separable. The first function may be useful as an
indicator even if we don't have a technical mechanism for enforcing
it. In fact, based on the discussion in Philadelphia, there seemed to
be some feeling that 'user=phone' already performed this function.
So, I would encourage the WG to figure out whether that's so or
not and if not,  and if it is not, and we decide we need a way to do  
this,
clearly the some WG could go construct something that did indicate this
(a "userpart=e164" sip uri tag for example).

The second function sees substantially more complicate, and while it
might involve modifying 4474, it might be something completely
external to RFC 4474 (e.g., enum, Dan's return routability draft).
This seems like a much more complicated problem than a simple indicator,
and I'd like to see the WG study the solution space some before
trying to close on a single approach

>
>
> 3) There seems to be a valid model for what I call "stacked"  
> Identity header fields that express transitive assertions.  Consider  
> authentication domains A, B, and C, where B is a transit domain  
> between A and C. B would be likely to trust assertions made by A,  
> and might not know whether C is or is not equipped to evaluate  
> assertions made by A. However,, it might be reasonable to expect  
> that C would be able to validate assertions made by B. B might  
> therefore choose to validate the Identity header inserted by A, and  
> then (assuming the header authenticates) add another Identity header  
> using its own credentials, saying in effect "B validated A's  
> identity header and found it good".  If C can validate A's Identity  
> header directly, it would do so. If not, it could choose to rely on  
> B's assertion.

This transitive trust seems to be something that is used in real
deployments and it would be good to have some discussions around it.
That said, while there's been a fair bit of mailing list discussion,
I'm not sure the requirements are. For example if C is willing go
trust B, but B wants to lie, can B just remove A assertion forcing C
to rely on B's assertion? How much information does C need to
include about its evaluation policies?  I would be looking for
more consensus and understanding about what the problem
before charting some work on a solution.

>
>
> 4) There are cases, including authentication services in the UAS and  
> authentication services in a proxy having an "outbound" relationship  
> (pre-authenticated persistent TLS) with the UAS where, in the  
> absence of retargeting, an Identity header field could reasonably be  
> included in a response as an alternative to using the more  
> cumbersome connected-identity approach with UPDATE.  I expect this  
> to be very useful in P2PSIP, but it has broader utility. So I would  
> like to see RFC 4474 extended to allow its use in  responses where  
> it would work.
>

I like this idea. Once outbound is done, as you point out, it opens up  
some
ways for a proxy to authenticate both requests and responses coming
from a UA which in turn might allow Identity like assertions in
response. I be keen on drafts that extended 4474 and outbound
to do this, provided that outbound does not get blocked on these
changes.


> --
> Dean

So, while all four of these points seem to be coupled with areas where
we need discussion and work, I think it's a bit premature to decide
that what's needed is an update to RFC 4474. Rather, I'd like to see
the WG (and other WGs as required) figure out what the best technical
approach is for each of these points, and if that requires changing
4474 or 3261 or anything else, we can do that.

Cullen <with my AD hat on>







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<html><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; =
"><div><div><div><div>Dean,<br><br>Thanks for taking the lead here on =
trying to get a handle on what<br>needs to be done.<br><br>Reading your =
message, what strikes me is that these issues are bigger<br>than just =
RFC 4474 - although in some cases changes to RFC 4474 may be<br>part of =
the solution. &nbsp;So, I'd like to see the WG focus on =
is&nbsp;<br>getting a crisp definition of the problem and how to solve =
it,<br>rather than asking what changes to 4474 are required just =
yet.</div><div id=3D"insert" =
border=3D"1"></div></div></div></div><div><br></div><br>On Apr 12, 2008, =
at 1:26 AM, Dean Willis wrote:<br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000"><br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#000000">We've had a lot of recent =
discussions about issues relating to the use of RFC 4474, and I've had a =
bunch of side conversations with people this week on the same =
topic.<br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000"><br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#000000">Here's where I think we're =
at:<br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000"><br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#000000">RFC 4474 is pretty good. =
Since it was published, we've learned more about the problem space. In =
the largest part, we've learned that the authors of RFC 4474 and the =
working group did an excellent job of analyzing the fundamental =
requirements for attaching forward authentication (as opposed to =
challenge-response) to SIP. We've also learned that the real world has =
some nastiness that isn't quite covered by RFC 4474, but it appears that =
very small adjustments to the specification could cover most or all of =
the cases we've discovered.<br></font></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000"><br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000"><br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#000000">I'd therefore like to =
propose that the working group consider the task of narrowly revising =
RFC 4474 to account for four specific =
points:<br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000"><br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#000000">1) Revising the "what gets =
signed" aspect to allow modification of the SDP by the SBCs we seem to =
keep encountering. While it is important to verify the SDP, we now have =
the DTLS-SRTP framework to vouch for the authenticity of the media =
channel. I suggest that there not be any optionality to "what gets =
signed", but that the fixed set of items be revised so as to allow SBC =
operations, and to note the dependency on DTLS-SRTP for media =
authentication.<br></font></blockquote><br><div><div><div><div>Based on =
the&nbsp;discussion&nbsp;I've seen so far, the primary use case =
for<br>this modification is to allow the SBC to do media steering so it =
can<br>steer the RTP through a path that provides better QoS. As you =
say,<br>this could be achieved by modifying the SDP and changing RFC =
4474 to<br>allow that, but there are probably some other approaches we =
should be<br>considering as well, including ones that may need to be =
done outside<br>of SIP. If there's consensus that this is the =
problem<br>that needs solving, then I'll get with the SIP, SIPPING, and =
MMUSIC<br>chairs and figure out a process for how to evaluate the =
various<br>options and get this moving forward. If this isn't<br>the =
primary use case, then I think we probably need some =
more&nbsp;<br>discussion to get a clearer idea of what the problem =
is.<br></div><div =
id=3D"insert"></div></div></div></div><div><br></div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000"><br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000"><br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#000000">2) RFC 4474 did not =
consider the requirements of calls transiting gateways and the issues =
related to expressing identities that originate outside the Internet, =
specifically phone numbers delivered via caller ID. While RFC 4474 can =
say nothing authoritative about the phone number, it seems that it could =
quite reasonably say something authoritative about the gateway. We've =
seen several proposals for doing this using conventions for the =
expression of "phone" identities in the =46rom header field. I believe =
that a revised RFC 4474 is the place to document such a convention and =
any needed extension parameters.<br></font></blockquote><br>It seems to =
me that there are actually two issues here:<br><br>- To have a way for =
the gateway to say: 'this URI corresponds to<br>&nbsp;a phone =
number'<br>- To have a way for receiver of the above assertion to =
determine<br>&nbsp;whether to trust it.<br><br>These are actually =
separable. The first function may be useful as an<br>indicator even if =
we don't have a technical mechanism for enforcing<br>it. In fact, based =
on the discussion in Philadelphia, there seemed to<br>be some feeling =
that 'user=3Dphone' already performed this function.<br>So, I would =
encourage the WG to figure out whether that's so or<br>not and if not, =
&nbsp;and if it is not, and we decide we need a way to do =
this,&nbsp;<br><div>clearly&nbsp;the some WG could go construct =
something that did indicate this&nbsp;</div><div>(a "userpart=3De164" =
sip uri tag for example).</div><div><br></div><div>The second function =
sees substantially more complicate, and while it<br>might involve =
modifying 4474, it might be something completely&nbsp;<br>external to =
RFC 4474 (e.g., enum, Dan's return routability draft).<br>This seems =
like a much more complicated problem than a simple indicator,<br>and I'd =
like to see the WG study the solution space some before<br>trying to =
close on a single approach<br><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000"><br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000"><br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#000000">3) There seems to be a =
valid model for what I call "stacked" Identity header fields that =
express transitive assertions. &nbsp;Consider authentication domains A, =
B, and C, where B is a transit domain between A and C. B would be likely =
to trust assertions made by A, and might not know whether C is or is not =
equipped to evaluate assertions made by A. However,, it might be =
reasonable to expect that C would be able to validate assertions made by =
B. B might therefore choose to validate the Identity header inserted by =
A, and then (assuming the header authenticates) add another Identity =
header using its own credentials, saying in effect "B validated A's =
identity header and found it good". &nbsp;If C can validate A's Identity =
header directly, it would do so. If not, it could choose to rely on B's =
assertion.<br></font></blockquote><br>This transitive trust seems to be =
something that is used in real &nbsp;<br>deployments and it would be =
good to have some discussions around it. &nbsp;<br>That said, while =
there's been a fair bit of mailing list discussion,<br>I'm not sure the =
requirements are. For example if C is willing go &nbsp;<br>trust B, but =
B wants to lie, can B just remove A assertion forcing C &nbsp;<br>to =
rely on B's assertion? How much information does C need =
to&nbsp;<br>include about its evaluation policies? &nbsp;I would be =
looking for&nbsp;</div><div>more consensus and understanding about what =
the problem</div><div>before charting some work on a =
solution.&nbsp;<br><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000"><br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000"><br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#000000">4) There are cases, =
including authentication services in the UAS and authentication services =
in a proxy having an "outbound" relationship (pre-authenticated =
persistent TLS) with the UAS where, in the absence of retargeting, an =
Identity header field could reasonably be included in a response as an =
alternative to using the more cumbersome connected-identity approach =
with UPDATE. &nbsp;I expect this to be very useful in P2PSIP, but it has =
broader utility. So I would like to see RFC 4474 extended to allow its =
use in &nbsp;responses where it would =
work.<br></font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#000000"><br></font></blockquote><br>I=
 like this idea.&nbsp;Once outbound is done, as you point out, it opens =
up some &nbsp;<br>ways for a proxy to authenticate both requests and =
responses coming &nbsp;<br>from a UA which in turn might allow Identity =
like assertions in &nbsp;<br>response. I be keen on drafts that extended =
4474 and outbound<br>to do this, provided that outbound does not get =
blocked on these<br>changes.<br><br><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000">--<br></font></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000">Dean<br></font></blockquote><br>So, while all four of =
these points seem to be coupled with areas where<br>we need discussion =
and work, I think it's a bit premature to decide<br>that what's needed =
is an update to RFC 4474. Rather, I'd like to see<br>the WG (and other =
WGs as required) figure out what the best technical<br>approach is for =
each of these points, and if that requires changing<br>4474 or 3261 or =
anything else, we can do that.</div><div><br></div><div>Cullen &lt;with =
my AD hat =
on></div><div><br></div><div><br><br><br><br><br></div></body></html>=

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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>,
	Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Ben Campbell wrote:
>
> On Apr 9, 2008, at 11:53 AM, Michael Thomas wrote:
>>> RFC 4474 is a cross-domain authenticator.
>>>
>>> Use case:
>>>
>>> sip:JoeBob@example.com calls his voice mail provider's message
>>> retrieval box, sip:messages.example.net
>>>
>>> Since example.net trusts example.com's RFC 4474 assertions, the
>>> voicemail box at messages.example.net does not authenticate JoeBobs'
>>> request. Instead, it accepts on trust that example.com authenticated
>>> him, and plays out JoeBob's messages.
>>>
>>> This is AFAIK a valid use case for RFC 4474.
>>>
>>
>> It's a _valid_ use case, but is it a _real_ use case? That is, is there
>> anybody out there using cross realm credentials in that way? Even
>> cellular isn't handled in that way because my sim is still with my
>> home provider even if I've roamed...
>
> They don't now (or at least should not) because they don't have the 
> tools for it. But if we give people a tool that appears to work for 
> this purpose, we should expect them to use it for this purpose.

In the global scope of things, that's not completely true. You can use
certs and kerberos credentials cross realm theoretically, but the uptake
of that seems to be pretty minimal. What the real world seems to actually
think is useful is server certs and user passwords. Domain based federation
of sort-of-user-based credentials seems like a *very* big stretch.


       Mike, not saying whether the real world is sensible
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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I think that 2 is the best.

Maybe a BCP level document explaining the use case you described 
and hope that it will encourage implementations. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com] 
> Sent: Sunday, April 13, 2008 12:30
> To: Hadriel Kaplan
> Cc: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); SIP IETF; Paul Kyzivat; Dan WING
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> 
> On Apr 13, 2008, at 1:17 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >
> > So where do we go from here?
> > Option 1) Ignore it.  This may only be a minor population 
> of the sip 
> > community; or they may fix it themselves someday; or it may 
> not be a 
> > real problem if they keep doing what they're doing.
> > Option 2) Figure out how to make tel more successful.
> > Option 3) Figure out how to make sip with user=phone a true alias.
> > Option 4) ??
> >
> 
> I'm inclined to 2 or 3. As the discussion has noted, 
> user=phone is at best a trifle underdocumented. Either 2 or 3 
> requires additional spec work; but at lest the problem is 
> tractable this way.
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> 
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>,
	"Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Cc: SIP IETF <sip@ietf.org>, Dan WING <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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 I agree.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com] 
> Sent: Sunday, April 13, 2008 18:15
> To: Dean Willis
> Cc: Hadriel Kaplan; Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); SIP IETF; Dan WING
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> ISTM that pieces of the specs, like tel, aren't implemented 
> for a couple of reasons:
> - they are too hard to implement
> - there isn't enough bang for the buck
> - its just not understood
> 
> Tel clearly isn't *hard* to implement. That rules out the 
> first excuse, and for the second implies that there isn't 
> perceived to be much bang at all, since the bucks are small. 
> So I expect that either it just isn't understood, or else 
> there is perceived to be no benefit at all.
> 
> If we can demonstrate that there is value here then it seems 
> like it should be possible to get implementors to support it. 
> But maybe I'm being naive.
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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At Sun, 13 Apr 2008 15:25:20 -0500,
Dean Willis wrote:
> On Apr 13, 2008, at 10:31 AM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > At Wed, 9 Apr 2008 23:17:38 -0500,
> > Now, turning to the more complicated voice case. First, the the
> > fingerprint and RFC 4474 signature (and the RFC 4916 counterpart)
> > plays the same role here as does the certificate in the ordinary TLS
> > handshake, namely it provides authentication for one side of the
> > connection. It's quite possible to have a secure connection where only
> > one side is authenticated, so long as the authenticated side does not
> > care about the other side's identity. And there are a number of such
> > cases, especially in B2C settings. For instance, if I call Fidelity, I
> > care that I'm not talking to an attacker, but they only care that they
> > call not be hijacked, because they're going to ask me for a PIN
> > anyway. This is more or less how all PSTN-based security works
> > now, because you can't trust CNID. More on this later.
> 
> Since the call has already been authenticated (4474 provides an  
> "authentication service", no?)  Fidelity might well NOT ask you for a  
> pin.

But that's exactly the point I'm making. Even if you *don't* RFC 4474 sign,
then Fidelity can ask you for a PIN, and this is still secure.

> Let's reduce this to what I see as the simplest use case: Alice calls  
> Bob through a single domain proxy server that is also an RFC 4474  
> authentication service.
> 
> Alice----->---PAS----->Bob
> 
> Typically, Alice sends an INVITE along with key fingerprint and normal  
> SDP, PAS slaps authenticates her and sticks on an Identity header  
> signing her INVITE, and sends it to Bob. Bob 200s with SDP and a key  
> fingerprint. DTLS happens, Alice and Bob compare the key presented in  
> DTLS with the key fingerprint sent in SDP, and everybody is happy.
> 
> But what if PAS were evil?

I don't understand the relevance of this use case: the basic premise
of DTLS-SRTP authentication (and of RFC 4474) is that the AS is
trusted. I don't merely mean that we rely on them; I mean that they
control the namespace. 


> Assume a more complex case, where each of Alice and Bob have their own  
> PAS, and an evil proxy EP sits in the middle.
> 
> 
> Alice------>PASA------EP------->PASB-----Bob
> 
> Here, Alice sends an INVITE with fingerprint and PASA signs it. EP  
> passes the request to PASB, which passes it to Bob. Bob replies with a  
> 200 OK with fingerprint. Note that Bob's 200 OK cannot have an  
> identity signature over that fingerprint, since RFC 4474 doesn't work  
> on responses. PASB forwards this on to EP, which replaces the SDP and  
> fingerprint. Alice then DTLS handshakes with EP, and is quite happy.  
> Bob starts to handshake with EP, but since EP isn't in possession of  
> Alice's cert, Bob detects the miskey and realizes the call has been  
> intercepted. The protocol works against the attack, because Alice's  
> fingerprint was integrity protected by PASA and could not be modified  
> by EP.

Once again, I think you're thinking about this as a DTLS-SRTP issue,
but that's fundamentally wrong. It's not about DTLS-SRTP at all,
it's about endpoint authentication.

At the completion of the SIP exchange (never mind the media) in
the above example, the parties have the following information:

- Bob knows he has received a call from Alice (authenticated
  by RFC 4474)
- Alice knows she tried to call Bob and got someone, but has
  absolutely no idea who.

If Alice wants cryptographic endpoint authentication of the called
party, she needs to insist on RFC 4916. Again, this has nothing
to do with DTLS-SRTP. It's just the logic of the SIP authentication
framework.

To see this, consider that even though Bob's UA has detected
the attack and hung up the phone, Alice is still talking to
EP and there is no cryptographic way for her to tell she's
not talking to Bob. 

Now, there are multiple ways to imagine implementations handling these
issues. One way is through UI. Bob's UA would be justified in putting
up some sort of "caller ID verified" icon linked to the RFC 4474
info. Alice's would have have an "unverified" icon. Another way would
be for Alice to instruct her UA that this call required 4916 and that
it should hang up if it didn't get it. (Admittedly, this would work
better if RFC 4474 could just be used with the OK).


> But let's replace Alice with a gateway. This is basically the case  
> from 8.4 of draft-ietf-sip-dtls-framework -- "Single-Sided- 
> Verification" done backwards, with no integrity protection on the  
> forward channel (GW to BOB). The 8.4 case has no verification in the  
> other direction.
> 
> 
> GW------>PASA------EP------->PASB-----Bob
> 
> 
> GW sends an INVITE containing SDP and fingerprint to PASA. Since GW is  
> a gateway, PASA cannot add an Identity header that provides integrity  
> protection for the fingerprint. PASA forwards the request to EP. EP  
> replaces the SDP and fingerprint ands sends it on to PASB. PASB sends  
> the request to Bob, who generates a 200 OK with fingerprint and SDP  
> then sends the request back to PASB. Since this is a response, PASB  
> cannot add an Identity header. EP then replaces the SDP and  
> fingerprint. and sends the response on through PASA to GW. GW and Bob  
> then each DTLS handshake with EP, and the dirty deed is done.

Where this has gone wrong is that it's not in fact single-sided
autentication: it's unauthenticated communication. Neither side
has required that the other side authenticate itself. So, of
course it's subject to MITM attack. 

 
> Surely Bob could then offer connected-identity and send an UPDATE or  
> reINVITE along with integrity protection back through the chain to A.  
> EP could delay this or discard it, and by the time things have timed  
> out, GW and Bob have been talking for a long time with their media  
> intercepted.

It's not Bob's job to enforce this. It's Alice's, or rather her
UA's. It's Bob's job to do 4916, but Alice needs to check that
she's talking to the right person or else no security mechanism
can work.



> While there are a lot of ways one could precondition this thing to  
> death, the easiest fix is to eliminate this scenario by finding a way  
> to apply integrity protect the initial INVITE from GW. The simplest  
> approach I can see to doing that is to tweak RFC 4474 so that it can  
> be applied to PSTN gateways. 

I have no idea what this actually means, but in any version of it
I can conceive, it doesn't do anything useful.

1. If Alice really cares who she is talking to, she *must* require
   authentication of the person on the other end of the connection,
   whether by 4916, an extended 4744, S/MIME, or by some alternate
   mechanism (e.g., PINs over the channel). Whether or not Alice
   sends her ientity to the other side or not is totally irrelevant
   to this question, as indicated above.

2. An RFC 4474 signature from the PSTN gateway doesn't do anything
   useful for Bob unless Bob can trust the *identity* claimed
   in that signature. Again, this isn't about DTLS-SRTP, but
   purely about the semantics of the PSTN.

   Say, for the sake of argument, that Alice's GW *did* sign
   with +123456789@atlanta.com. This stops EP from changing
   the fingerprint while retaining the signature, but it just
   inserts its own fingerprint, changes the identity to
   +123456789@ep.com, which it does own, and resigns. The
   problem here is that Bob has no way of a priori knowing that
   there is any important difference between these two identities,
   and so he's not really doing endpoint auth. 

   Note, however, that this is a consequence of only looking at
   the LHS. If Bob's UA was configured to show "Alice"
   for +123456789@atlanta.com and "Unknown" for +123456789@ep.com   
   (e.g., via an address book) then this would all work fine.

So, absent some way for Bob (the RP) to know which AS should be
signing a given E.164 number, I don't see any useful change to
RFC 4474 that helps against this class of attack.


> RFC 4474 in responses would also be  
> darned useful.

I agree with that.


I'd like to just recap the basic security logic of authenticated
channels.

1. If both sides require the other side to authenticate, then
   integrity attacks are not possible.
2. If Alice requires Bob to authenticate but not vice versa,
   than an attacker can pose as Alice to Bob, but cannot
   pose as Bob to Alice. This is *not* a MITM attack because
   Alice cannot be attacked, only Bob.
3. If neither side requires the other to authenticate, then
   you can have an MITM attack.


Where I think your analysis is wrong is principally in two respects:

1. A verified attestation of a meaningless identity is not a useful
   form of authentication. Thus, it's useless for Bob to have a 4474
   signature from the PSTN gateway unless he knows that that E.164
   number can only be signed by that gateway. If he will accept as
   equally valid a signature from any GW (and importantly, treat those
   two entities as the same), then he is not in fact requiring
   authentication in any meaningful way.  Above, you're treating as
   single-sided authentication cases which really are unauthenticated.

2. If you, as one side of the conversation, wish to know who you are
   talking to, you need to enforce it yourself.  You can't get it as a
   side effect of offering your own credentials.

-Ekr


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Cc: "sip@ietf.org List" <sip@ietf.org>, Michael Thomas <mat@cisco.com>,
	Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Ekr,

Your analysis really misses the point others are making here.

This isn't a call between Alice and Bob - it is a call between 
+12125551212 and +19725551313.  If the identities of the two parties are 
telephony ones, then RFC 4474 does not provide the same integrity 
protection available to non-telephony SIP URIs, no matter how you spin 
it.  This is because without some new mechanism and protocol, there is 
no difference between an identity assertion of:

    sip:+12125551212@provider1.com

or

    sip:+12125551212@mitm.attackers.org

However, there may be a small MitM  difference.  And this is a DTLS-SRTP 
issue since it relies on integrity protection of RFC 4474 to prevent 
MitM attacks, and most VoIP endpoints in the world today use telephony 
identities.

Thanks,
Alan


Eric Rescorla wrote:
> At Sun, 13 Apr 2008 15:25:20 -0500,
> Dean Willis wrote:
>   
>> On Apr 13, 2008, at 10:31 AM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>     
>>> At Wed, 9 Apr 2008 23:17:38 -0500,
>>> Now, turning to the more complicated voice case. First, the the
>>> fingerprint and RFC 4474 signature (and the RFC 4916 counterpart)
>>> plays the same role here as does the certificate in the ordinary TLS
>>> handshake, namely it provides authentication for one side of the
>>> connection. It's quite possible to have a secure connection where only
>>> one side is authenticated, so long as the authenticated side does not
>>> care about the other side's identity. And there are a number of such
>>> cases, especially in B2C settings. For instance, if I call Fidelity, I
>>> care that I'm not talking to an attacker, but they only care that they
>>> call not be hijacked, because they're going to ask me for a PIN
>>> anyway. This is more or less how all PSTN-based security works
>>> now, because you can't trust CNID. More on this later.
>>>       
>> Since the call has already been authenticated (4474 provides an  
>> "authentication service", no?)  Fidelity might well NOT ask you for a  
>> pin.
>>     
>
> But that's exactly the point I'm making. Even if you *don't* RFC 4474 sign,
> then Fidelity can ask you for a PIN, and this is still secure.
>
>   
>> Let's reduce this to what I see as the simplest use case: Alice calls  
>> Bob through a single domain proxy server that is also an RFC 4474  
>> authentication service.
>>
>> Alice----->---PAS----->Bob
>>
>> Typically, Alice sends an INVITE along with key fingerprint and normal  
>> SDP, PAS slaps authenticates her and sticks on an Identity header  
>> signing her INVITE, and sends it to Bob. Bob 200s with SDP and a key  
>> fingerprint. DTLS happens, Alice and Bob compare the key presented in  
>> DTLS with the key fingerprint sent in SDP, and everybody is happy.
>>
>> But what if PAS were evil?
>>     
>
> I don't understand the relevance of this use case: the basic premise
> of DTLS-SRTP authentication (and of RFC 4474) is that the AS is
> trusted. I don't merely mean that we rely on them; I mean that they
> control the namespace. 
>
>
>   
>> Assume a more complex case, where each of Alice and Bob have their own  
>> PAS, and an evil proxy EP sits in the middle.
>>
>>
>> Alice------>PASA------EP------->PASB-----Bob
>>
>> Here, Alice sends an INVITE with fingerprint and PASA signs it. EP  
>> passes the request to PASB, which passes it to Bob. Bob replies with a  
>> 200 OK with fingerprint. Note that Bob's 200 OK cannot have an  
>> identity signature over that fingerprint, since RFC 4474 doesn't work  
>> on responses. PASB forwards this on to EP, which replaces the SDP and  
>> fingerprint. Alice then DTLS handshakes with EP, and is quite happy.  
>> Bob starts to handshake with EP, but since EP isn't in possession of  
>> Alice's cert, Bob detects the miskey and realizes the call has been  
>> intercepted. The protocol works against the attack, because Alice's  
>> fingerprint was integrity protected by PASA and could not be modified  
>> by EP.
>>     
>
> Once again, I think you're thinking about this as a DTLS-SRTP issue,
> but that's fundamentally wrong. It's not about DTLS-SRTP at all,
> it's about endpoint authentication.
>
> At the completion of the SIP exchange (never mind the media) in
> the above example, the parties have the following information:
>
> - Bob knows he has received a call from Alice (authenticated
>   by RFC 4474)
> - Alice knows she tried to call Bob and got someone, but has
>   absolutely no idea who.
>
> If Alice wants cryptographic endpoint authentication of the called
> party, she needs to insist on RFC 4916. Again, this has nothing
> to do with DTLS-SRTP. It's just the logic of the SIP authentication
> framework.
>
> To see this, consider that even though Bob's UA has detected
> the attack and hung up the phone, Alice is still talking to
> EP and there is no cryptographic way for her to tell she's
> not talking to Bob. 
>
> Now, there are multiple ways to imagine implementations handling these
> issues. One way is through UI. Bob's UA would be justified in putting
> up some sort of "caller ID verified" icon linked to the RFC 4474
> info. Alice's would have have an "unverified" icon. Another way would
> be for Alice to instruct her UA that this call required 4916 and that
> it should hang up if it didn't get it. (Admittedly, this would work
> better if RFC 4474 could just be used with the OK).
>
>
>   
>> But let's replace Alice with a gateway. This is basically the case  
>> from 8.4 of draft-ietf-sip-dtls-framework -- "Single-Sided- 
>> Verification" done backwards, with no integrity protection on the  
>> forward channel (GW to BOB). The 8.4 case has no verification in the  
>> other direction.
>>
>>
>> GW------>PASA------EP------->PASB-----Bob
>>
>>
>> GW sends an INVITE containing SDP and fingerprint to PASA. Since GW is  
>> a gateway, PASA cannot add an Identity header that provides integrity  
>> protection for the fingerprint. PASA forwards the request to EP. EP  
>> replaces the SDP and fingerprint ands sends it on to PASB. PASB sends  
>> the request to Bob, who generates a 200 OK with fingerprint and SDP  
>> then sends the request back to PASB. Since this is a response, PASB  
>> cannot add an Identity header. EP then replaces the SDP and  
>> fingerprint. and sends the response on through PASA to GW. GW and Bob  
>> then each DTLS handshake with EP, and the dirty deed is done.
>>     
>
> Where this has gone wrong is that it's not in fact single-sided
> autentication: it's unauthenticated communication. Neither side
> has required that the other side authenticate itself. So, of
> course it's subject to MITM attack. 
>
>  
>   
>> Surely Bob could then offer connected-identity and send an UPDATE or  
>> reINVITE along with integrity protection back through the chain to A.  
>> EP could delay this or discard it, and by the time things have timed  
>> out, GW and Bob have been talking for a long time with their media  
>> intercepted.
>>     
>
> It's not Bob's job to enforce this. It's Alice's, or rather her
> UA's. It's Bob's job to do 4916, but Alice needs to check that
> she's talking to the right person or else no security mechanism
> can work.
>
>
>
>   
>> While there are a lot of ways one could precondition this thing to  
>> death, the easiest fix is to eliminate this scenario by finding a way  
>> to apply integrity protect the initial INVITE from GW. The simplest  
>> approach I can see to doing that is to tweak RFC 4474 so that it can  
>> be applied to PSTN gateways. 
>>     
>
> I have no idea what this actually means, but in any version of it
> I can conceive, it doesn't do anything useful.
>
> 1. If Alice really cares who she is talking to, she *must* require
>    authentication of the person on the other end of the connection,
>    whether by 4916, an extended 4744, S/MIME, or by some alternate
>    mechanism (e.g., PINs over the channel). Whether or not Alice
>    sends her ientity to the other side or not is totally irrelevant
>    to this question, as indicated above.
>
> 2. An RFC 4474 signature from the PSTN gateway doesn't do anything
>    useful for Bob unless Bob can trust the *identity* claimed
>    in that signature. Again, this isn't about DTLS-SRTP, but
>    purely about the semantics of the PSTN.
>
>    Say, for the sake of argument, that Alice's GW *did* sign
>    with +123456789@atlanta.com. This stops EP from changing
>    the fingerprint while retaining the signature, but it just
>    inserts its own fingerprint, changes the identity to
>    +123456789@ep.com, which it does own, and resigns. The
>    problem here is that Bob has no way of a priori knowing that
>    there is any important difference between these two identities,
>    and so he's not really doing endpoint auth. 
>
>    Note, however, that this is a consequence of only looking at
>    the LHS. If Bob's UA was configured to show "Alice"
>    for +123456789@atlanta.com and "Unknown" for +123456789@ep.com   
>    (e.g., via an address book) then this would all work fine.
>
> So, absent some way for Bob (the RP) to know which AS should be
> signing a given E.164 number, I don't see any useful change to
> RFC 4474 that helps against this class of attack.
>
>
>   
>> RFC 4474 in responses would also be  
>> darned useful.
>>     
>
> I agree with that.
>
>
> I'd like to just recap the basic security logic of authenticated
> channels.
>
> 1. If both sides require the other side to authenticate, then
>    integrity attacks are not possible.
> 2. If Alice requires Bob to authenticate but not vice versa,
>    than an attacker can pose as Alice to Bob, but cannot
>    pose as Bob to Alice. This is *not* a MITM attack because
>    Alice cannot be attacked, only Bob.
> 3. If neither side requires the other to authenticate, then
>    you can have an MITM attack.
>
>
> Where I think your analysis is wrong is principally in two respects:
>
> 1. A verified attestation of a meaningless identity is not a useful
>    form of authentication. Thus, it's useless for Bob to have a 4474
>    signature from the PSTN gateway unless he knows that that E.164
>    number can only be signed by that gateway. If he will accept as
>    equally valid a signature from any GW (and importantly, treat those
>    two entities as the same), then he is not in fact requiring
>    authentication in any meaningful way.  Above, you're treating as
>    single-sided authentication cases which really are unauthenticated.
>
> 2. If you, as one side of the conversation, wish to know who you are
>    talking to, you need to enforce it yourself.  You can't get it as a
>    side effect of offering your own credentials.
>
> -Ekr
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>
>
>   

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Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2008 12:29:48 -0700
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Alan Johnston <alan@sipstation.com>
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	Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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At Mon, 14 Apr 2008 14:04:03 -0500,
Alan Johnston wrote:
> Your analysis really misses the point others are making here.

If you say so.


> This isn't a call between Alice and Bob - it is a call between 
> +12125551212 and +19725551313.  If the identities of the two parties are 
> telephony ones, then RFC 4474 does not provide the same integrity 
> protection available to non-telephony SIP URIs, no matter how you spin 
> it.  This is because without some new mechanism and protocol, there is 
> no difference between an identity assertion of:
> 
>     sip:+12125551212@provider1.com
> 
> or
> 
>     sip:+12125551212@mitm.attackers.org
>
> However, there may be a small MitM  difference.  And this is a DTLS-SRTP 
> issue since it relies on integrity protection of RFC 4474 to prevent 
> MitM attacks, and most VoIP endpoints in the world today use telephony 
> identities.

Yes, I'm quite aware of the technical facts, I just believe you're
misinterpreting their import.

To reiterate what I said in PHL, the problem is *not* RFC 4474, but
rather the attempt to infer from a SIP URI with a numeric LHS that
you're in fact talking to someone with an E.164 number which matches
that LHS. Which is to say, that the relevant identity is not
+12125551212 but rather +12125551212@provider1.com. If you work
in that space (and this of course can be hidden under UI in many
cases), then you in fact do get the appropriate security 
properties.

For calls which are coming from the PSTN, trying to go from the
SIP identity back to an E.164 number is basically meaningless.
No matter how strong we make our authentication infrastructure
on the VoIP side, the PSTN CNID information is untrustworthy.
We can't solve this problem by being extra-sure we only trust
some GWs to vouch for that information, since that GW has no
reasonable basis on which to base its assertion.

Now, if what you're concerned with is pure VoIP calls which
use E.164 numbers but don't transit the PSTN, then, yes, it's
potentially meaningful to talk about going from fully qualified
numeric LHS URIs to E.164 numbers. What you'd need is some
mechanism for determining whether a given domain should be
vouching for a given E.164 number. I've heard at least three
suggestions for this:

 - Manual lists of E.164 -> domain mappings
 - Enum
 - draft-wing style return routability checks.

I certainly think this is potentially worth pursuing, but as far
as I can tell, Dean was talking about calls transiting the PSTN,
where none of this stuff applies.

-Ekr

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Cc: sip@ietf.org, 'Michael Thomas' <mat@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Eric Rescorla
> Sent: Sunday, April 13, 2008 8:31 AM
> To: Dean Willis
> Cc: sip@ietf.org List; Michael Thomas
> Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
> 
> At Wed, 9 Apr 2008 23:17:38 -0500,
> Dean Willis wrote:
> > 
> > 
> > On Apr 9, 2008, at 11:53 AM, Michael Thomas wrote:
> > >
> > >> Now, assume JoeBob is instead named 
> "180055511212@example.com". All  
> > >> of  the above works fine, until somebody calls into 
> example.com's  
> > >> PSTN  gateway from a spoofed Caller-ID of "18005551212" 
> and asks  
> > >> said  gateway to connect them to messages.example.net
> > >>
> > >
> > > So just don't sign it. Or sign it as @example.com. Or 
> just tell the  
> > > voice
> > > mail provider not to create voice mail boxes for users 
> with e164@example.com
> > > like addresses. This really seems tenuous to me, Dean.
> > 
> > I'm getting REALLY TIRED OF EXPLAINING THIS. Yeah, I know, 
> one must  
> > say things ten time to be heard once. But this is eleven . . . ;-)
> > 
> > We need to sign it, because SRTP-DTLS relies on the 
> signature in order  
> > to protect the fingerprint of the media key from MITM attacks.
> > 
> > In short, SRTP-DTLS requires RFC 4474 (for full function), 
> and PSTN  
> > interaction precludes RFC 4474.
> > 
> > Something has to give. As I see it, we MUST pick at least 
> one of the  
> > following:
> > 
> > 1) Change RFC 4474 so that it can be used with phone gateways.
> > 2) Change DTLS-SRTP so that it doesn't depend on RFC 4474.
> > 3) Decide that we can live without integrity protection of 
> the media  
> > key on calls transiting PSTN gateways, and document this.
> > 
> > We already have a strong argument for amending RFC 4474 so 
> that SBCs  
> > that tweak the SDP don't break the Identity signature. If 
> we do this,  
> > add the "not really an identity" flag, and mod DTLS-SRTP to 
> account  
> > for the changes, then I think we have a full solution.
> 
> Dean,
> 
> I don't think that this analysis is correct.
> 
> First, you claim "SRTP-DTLS requires RFC 4474 (for full function)".
> That's not quite correct, and I think it's worth walking through
> the security analysis.
> 
> 
> Let's start by looking at a simpler case, Web security. In the
> classic Web security case, the server has a cert and the client
> does not. At the completion of the TLS handshake, each side
> knows the following:
> 
> - The client knows it has a secure connection to the server.
> - The server knows it has a secure connection to *someone*.
> 
> There are two very important (in fact, the most common) cases
> where this is precisely what you want:
> 
> (1) When the server does not care who the client is (for instance,
>     in software download, where the client cares about getting
>     an accurate copy but the server does not care who it gives
>     copies to.)
> (2) When the server has some other means of authenticating the
>     client (for instance, when you're doing e-commerce and the
>     client authenticates via password or credit card).
> 
> So, in these situations we don't ordinarily say that we're not
> getting "full function" but rather that this is the design
> goal.
> 
> 
> Now, turning to the more complicated voice case. First, the the
> fingerprint and RFC 4474 signature (and the RFC 4916 counterpart)
> plays the same role here as does the certificate in the ordinary TLS
> handshake, namely it provides authentication for one side of the
> connection. It's quite possible to have a secure connection where only
> one side is authenticated, so long as the authenticated side does not
> care about the other side's identity. And there are a number of such
> cases, especially in B2C settings. For instance, if I call Fidelity, I
> care that I'm not talking to an attacker, but they only care that they
> call not be hijacked, because they're going to ask me for a PIN
> anyway. This is more or less how all PSTN-based security works
> now, because you can't trust CNID. More on this later.
> 
> You write: 
> 
>   We need to sign it, because SRTP-DTLS relies on the 
> signature in order  
>   to protect the fingerprint of the media key from MITM attacks.
> 
> This isn't quite correct. As long as one side verifies the other
> side's identity, than MITM attacks get blocked, because an MITM attack
> requires replacing keys in both directions with the attacker's
> key. Consider the following example, in which Alice is calling Bob,
> but for some reason her fingerprint isn't signed:
> 
> 
> Alice                      Attacker                    Bob
> ----------------------------------------------------------
> Fingerprint=X (unsigned) ->
>                                Fingerprint=A (unsigned) ->
>                                
>                             <- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)
> <- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)
> 
> So, Bob has no reliable way of knowing Alice's identity. However,
> that's not sufficient to mount an MITM attack, which required that the
> attacker to replace Bob's key Z with his own key A. But he can't do
> that without replacing Bob's fingerprint, which would require the
> ability to sign a message from Bob [0].

I think this analysis is optimistic regarding Alice's behavior.

Taking a less optimistic approach:

As shown in your diagram, Alice generates a message that is not
signed (due to misconfiguration or some other reason).  Due to
Alice's already-defective configuration, Alice may not expect
Bob's message to be signed, and thus the attacker could 
simply strip Bob's signature, replace Bob's a=fingerprint, and
successfully be a MitM.  Furthermore, Alice cannot assume that
Bob implements Connected-Identity, so Alice can't really assume
that Bob *will* generate a signature at all.  Or do we require
Connected-Identity in the DTLS framework, and require receipt
of that Connected-Identity-signed message before the call is
completed (using security-preconditions, perhaps)?

-d
 

> Now, let's turn to the PSTN case, the simplest of which is shown in
> Figure 2 of draft-schwartz-sip-e164-ownership-01, namely, someone on
> the PSTN calls someone on IP network. As has been widely noted, there
> is no technical reason that the PSTN GW can't RFC 4474 sign the From
> line, (though it's not clear what that means from the RP's
> perspective), but even if the GW doesn't sign, we still have
> significant security properties as long as it *verifies* the called
> parties signature.  
> 
> Moreover, since the GW doesn't really know the
> caller's identity (because you can't trust the PSTN identity
> assertions) this is the best set of properties one could hope for, no
> matter what SIP mechanisms we create. Even if there were some
> mechanism by which the GW could say "I received this over the
> PSTN and the CNID said X", and the relying party trusted the
> RP not to lie, it still can't believe this assertion because
> the GW's information is untrustworthy.
> 
> -Ekr
> 
> 
> [0] But wait, you say. In SIP we don't have any restrictions on
> who the call gets retargeted to, so the attacker could just send
> his own key with a (valid) RFC 4474 identity pointing to his real
> identity. This is absolutely true, and either Alice (or her UI
> needs) to notice this, or we need a secure retargeting mechanism,
> but this is a separate technical issue. The requirement right
> now is that the right identity shows up in Alice's display, and
> we get that right.
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

_______________________________________________
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Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Apr 14 12:46:01 2008
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Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2008 12:48:07 -0700
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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At Mon, 14 Apr 2008 12:30:02 -0700,
Dan Wing wrote:
> > You write: 
> > 
> >   We need to sign it, because SRTP-DTLS relies on the 
> > signature in order  
> >   to protect the fingerprint of the media key from MITM attacks.
> > 
> > This isn't quite correct. As long as one side verifies the other
> > side's identity, than MITM attacks get blocked, because an MITM attack
> > requires replacing keys in both directions with the attacker's
> > key. Consider the following example, in which Alice is calling Bob,
> > but for some reason her fingerprint isn't signed:
> > 
> > 
> > Alice                      Attacker                    Bob
> > ----------------------------------------------------------
> > Fingerprint=X (unsigned) ->
> >                                Fingerprint=A (unsigned) ->
> >                                
> >                             <- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)
> > <- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)
> > 
> > So, Bob has no reliable way of knowing Alice's identity. However,
> > that's not sufficient to mount an MITM attack, which required that the
> > attacker to replace Bob's key Z with his own key A. But he can't do
> > that without replacing Bob's fingerprint, which would require the
> > ability to sign a message from Bob [0].
> 
> I think this analysis is optimistic regarding Alice's behavior.
> 
> Taking a less optimistic approach:
> 
> As shown in your diagram, Alice generates a message that is not
> signed (due to misconfiguration or some other reason).  Due to
> Alice's already-defective configuration, Alice may not expect
> Bob's message to be signed, and thus the attacker could 
> simply strip Bob's signature, replace Bob's a=fingerprint, and
> successfully be a MitM. Furthermore, Alice cannot assume that
> Bob implements Connected-Identity, so Alice can't really assume
> that Bob *will* generate a signature at all.  Or do we require
> Connected-Identity in the DTLS framework, and require receipt
> of that Connected-Identity-signed message before the call is
> completed (using security-preconditions, perhaps)?

I think you're making life much more complicated than it needs to be
for the attacker. The attacker can simply pretend to be Bob, not
generate a signature, and pretend he is only willing to speak RTP.

There are two issues that need to be disentangled here:

- What you display on your UI
- What causes your UA to terminate the connection

Given that at the initial deployment of this system the vast majority
of users will not have any cryptographic capability of any kind,
I would expect that most UAs will be willing to place or
accept phone calls with at least the following sets of people
(people who won't do any crypto, people who do RFC 4474 but
not DTLS-SRTP, people who will do DTLS-SRTP but without
RFC 4474 signatures, people who will do DTLS-SRTP with 
RFC 4474 signatures). The best we can expect is that the UI
will clearly differentiate these three cases so the user can
do something meaningful if they care. The only case where I
would expect the UA to automatically drop the call is if there
were some clear cryptographic failure, e.g., the fingerprints
didn't match.

At some point in the future once there is reasonable deployment,
then it may become reasonable for users to configure their 
endpoints to only place or accept phone calls from people who
do some level of crypto. I can imagine a number of reasonable
profiles, depending on what threats you were most concerned
with. But this seems clearly up to the individual deployment.

That said, it's clearly the case that if you want to be able
to verify the identity of the person you called, you're going
to need some RFC 4474-like thing from them, whether it's 4916,
4474 w/ outbound, S/MIME, or whatever.

-Ekr
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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
To: "'ajay thakur'" <thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com>, <sip@ietf.org>
References: <abec1eb90804140444h665e7459t37b2890ebbf5ddde@mail.gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] SIP deployment
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of ajay thakur
> Sent: Monday, April 14, 2008 4:45 AM
> To: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: [Sip] SIP deployment
> 
> Hi all,
> I have few doubts about SIP deployment. 
>  
> (1) Given that NAT/firewall creates problem for SIP calls. 
> How these problems
> are solved in the practical deployment. IS it by using STUN 
> or by using SIP-alg.

It is solved by ICE (draft-ietf-mmusic-ice), and/or SIP-ALGs in the NATs,
and/or a Session Border Controller doing "hosted NAT traversal" -- depending
on the environment.

RFC3489 (STUN), by itself, has proven to be unsufficient as a solution by
itself.  Instead, the MMUSIC working group created ICE (draft-ietf-mmusic-ice)
and the BEHAVE working group revised RFC3489 (draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis).

Hope this helps,
-d

> (2) Also i guess not all phones support STUN. How does it work. ?
>
> Any idea?
>  
>  
> Ajay 
> 

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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
To: "'Eric Rescorla'" <ekr@networkresonance.com>,
	"'Paul Kyzivat'" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
References: <0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D09160BB@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><47F65345.4030600@cisco.com><0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D095BBCD@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><47F6716E.9080908@cisco.com><CDAFE527-CCEE-4255-9BFD-F1A7D3B37E32@softarmor.com><47F6C05E.2080101@cisco.com><3622D2B6-D09C-4596-987C-C1C161BFD176@softarmor.com><47F6DD90.2090203@cisco.com><73E84148-9334-4B70-8506-FF500E2EF47C@softarmor.com><47FCF4A2.9080907@cisco.com><5A77FEDA-9BE6-4B8A-B90C-8C5357411419@softarmor.com><20080413153106.E3B0A50854@romeo.rtfm.com><E6C2E8958BA59A4FB960963D475F7AC30BCC01CD36@mail.acmepacket.com><20080413164218.448A521E995@kilo.rtfm.com><E6C2E8958BA59A4FB960963D475F7AC30BCC01CD4E@mail.acmepacket.com><20080414131322.E6ACB22010E@kilo.rtfm.com><48035BEA.90301@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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EKR wrote:

...
> I agree it's far from ideal. There are two possible solutions 
> to this sort of problem:
> 
> - Some sort of authenticated history mechanism that gives the gateway
>   confidence that the call was routed correctly

A different take on a solution (aimed at ssh and self-signed HTTP
certificates) is discussed at:
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dwendlan/perspectives/

-d

> - Enough UI to tell the user who *actually* answered the call.
> 
> Unfortunately, the second isn't available here because of the 
> lame PSTN UI.

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Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2008 13:04:44 -0700
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
In-Reply-To: <091c01c89e6a$049e14d0$c5f0200a@cisco.com>
References: <0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D09160BB@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net>
	<47F65345.4030600@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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At Mon, 14 Apr 2008 12:59:15 -0700,
Dan Wing wrote:
> 
> EKR wrote:
> 
> ...
> > I agree it's far from ideal. There are two possible solutions 
> > to this sort of problem:
> > 
> > - Some sort of authenticated history mechanism that gives the gateway
> >   confidence that the call was routed correctly
> 
> A different take on a solution (aimed at ssh and self-signed HTTP
> certificates) is discussed at:
> http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dwendlan/perspectives/

I don't see how the technique described here can plausibly work
with SIP, given that they rely on probes from different locations
getting the same response, which is not a requirement for SIP.

-Ekr

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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
To: "'Eric Rescorla'" <ekr@networkresonance.com>
References: <0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D09160BB@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><47F65345.4030600@cisco.com><0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D095BBCD@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><47F6716E.9080908@cisco.com><CDAFE527-CCEE-4255-9BFD-F1A7D3B37E32@softarmor.com><47F6C05E.2080101@cisco.com><3622D2B6-D09C-4596-987C-C1C161BFD176@softarmor.com><47F6DD90.2090203@cisco.com><73E84148-9334-4B70-8506-FF500E2EF47C@softarmor.com><47FCF4A2.9080907@cisco.com><5A77FEDA-9BE6-4B8A-B90C-8C5357411419@softarmor.com><20080413153106.E3B0A50854@romeo.rtfm.com><E6C2E8958BA59A4FB960963D475F7AC30BCC01CD36@mail.acmepacket.com><20080413164218.448A521E995@kilo.rtfm.com><E6C2E8958BA59A4FB960963D475F7AC30BCC01CD4E@mail.acmepacket.com><20080414131322.E6ACB22010E@kilo.rtfm.com><48035BEA.90301@cisco.com><20080414141122.3D1E1220531@kilo.rtfm.com><091c01c89e6a$049e14d0$c5f0200a@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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> > ...
> > > I agree it's far from ideal. There are two possible solutions 
> > > to this sort of problem:
> > > 
> > > - Some sort of authenticated history mechanism that gives 
> > > the gateway
> > >   confidence that the call was routed correctly
> > 
> > A different take on a solution (aimed at ssh and self-signed HTTP
> > certificates) is discussed at:
> > http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dwendlan/perspectives/
> 
> I don't see how the technique described here can plausibly work
> with SIP, given that they rely on probes from different locations
> getting the same response, which is not a requirement for SIP.

If there is only one entity that 'owns' an identity -- which is
absolutely the case with email-style URIs with SIP -- it would
work.

And with E.164, there should also be only one entity that 'owns'
a number.  If there are multiple, they are PSTN gateways and none
of them own the number at all.

-d

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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
To: "'Eric Rescorla'" <ekr@networkresonance.com>
References: <0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D09160BB@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><47F65345.4030600@cisco.com><0D5F89FAC29E2C41B98A6A762007F5D095BBCD@GBNTHT12009MSX.gb002.siemens.net><47F6716E.9080908@cisco.com><CDAFE527-CCEE-4255-9BFD-F1A7D3B37E32@softarmor.com><47F6C05E.2080101@cisco.com><3622D2B6-D09C-4596-987C-C1C161BFD176@softarmor.com><47F6DD90.2090203@cisco.com><73E84148-9334-4B70-8506-FF500E2EF47C@softarmor.com><47FCF4A2.9080907@cisco.com><5A77FEDA-9BE6-4B8A-B90C-8C5357411419@softarmor.com><20080413153106.E3B0A50854@romeo.rtfm.com><08d501c89e65$eface4b0$c5f0200a@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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EKR wrote:

> At Mon, 14 Apr 2008 12:30:02 -0700,
> Dan Wing wrote:
> > > You write: 
> > > 
> > >   We need to sign it, because SRTP-DTLS relies on the 
> > > signature in order  
> > >   to protect the fingerprint of the media key from MITM attacks.
> > > 
> > > This isn't quite correct. As long as one side verifies the other
> > > side's identity, than MITM attacks get blocked, because 
> an MITM attack
> > > requires replacing keys in both directions with the attacker's
> > > key. Consider the following example, in which Alice is 
> calling Bob,
> > > but for some reason her fingerprint isn't signed:
> > > 
> > > 
> > > Alice                      Attacker                    Bob
> > > ----------------------------------------------------------
> > > Fingerprint=X (unsigned) ->
> > >                                Fingerprint=A (unsigned) ->
> > >                                
> > >                             <- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)
> > > <- Fingerprint=Z (signed, Bob)
> > > 
> > > So, Bob has no reliable way of knowing Alice's identity. However,
> > > that's not sufficient to mount an MITM attack, which 
> required that the
> > > attacker to replace Bob's key Z with his own key A. But 
> he can't do
> > > that without replacing Bob's fingerprint, which would require the
> > > ability to sign a message from Bob [0].
> > 
> > I think this analysis is optimistic regarding Alice's behavior.
> > 
> > Taking a less optimistic approach:
> > 
> > As shown in your diagram, Alice generates a message that is not
> > signed (due to misconfiguration or some other reason).  Due to
> > Alice's already-defective configuration, Alice may not expect
> > Bob's message to be signed, and thus the attacker could 
> > simply strip Bob's signature, replace Bob's a=fingerprint, and
> > successfully be a MitM. Furthermore, Alice cannot assume that
> > Bob implements Connected-Identity, so Alice can't really assume
> > that Bob *will* generate a signature at all.  Or do we require
> > Connected-Identity in the DTLS framework, and require receipt
> > of that Connected-Identity-signed message before the call is
> > completed (using security-preconditions, perhaps)?
> 
> I think you're making life much more complicated than it needs to be
> for the attacker. The attacker can simply pretend to be Bob, not
> generate a signature, and pretend he is only willing to speak RTP.
> 
> There are two issues that need to be disentangled here:
> 
> - What you display on your UI
> - What causes your UA to terminate the connection
> 
> Given that at the initial deployment of this system the vast majority
> of users will not have any cryptographic capability of any kind,
> I would expect that most UAs will be willing to place or
> accept phone calls with at least the following sets of people
> (people who won't do any crypto, people who do RFC 4474 but
> not DTLS-SRTP, people who will do DTLS-SRTP but without
> RFC 4474 signatures, people who will do DTLS-SRTP with 
> RFC 4474 signatures). The best we can expect is that the UI
> will clearly differentiate these three cases so the user can
> do something meaningful if they care. The only case where I
> would expect the UA to automatically drop the call is if there
> were some clear cryptographic failure, e.g., the fingerprints
> didn't match.
> 
> At some point in the future once there is reasonable deployment,
> then it may become reasonable for users to configure their 
> endpoints to only place or accept phone calls from people who
> do some level of crypto. I can imagine a number of reasonable
> profiles, depending on what threats you were most concerned
> with. But this seems clearly up to the individual deployment.
> 
> That said, it's clearly the case that if you want to be able
> to verify the identity of the person you called, you're going
> to need some RFC 4474-like thing from them, whether it's 4916,
> 4474 w/ outbound, S/MIME, or whatever.

I agree with all those points.  Thanks.

-d


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At Mon, 14 Apr 2008 13:09:19 -0700,
Dan Wing wrote:
> 
> > > ...
> > > > I agree it's far from ideal. There are two possible solutions 
> > > > to this sort of problem:
> > > > 
> > > > - Some sort of authenticated history mechanism that gives 
> > > > the gateway
> > > >   confidence that the call was routed correctly
> > > 
> > > A different take on a solution (aimed at ssh and self-signed HTTP
> > > certificates) is discussed at:
> > > http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dwendlan/perspectives/
> > 
> > I don't see how the technique described here can plausibly work
> > with SIP, given that they rely on probes from different locations
> > getting the same response, which is not a requirement for SIP.
> 
> If there is only one entity that 'owns' an identity -- which is
> absolutely the case with email-style URIs with SIP -- it would
> work.

I think we're taklking past each other. There are two issues:

- being able to determine whether a given entity should be able
  to assert "alice@example.com". Yes, one could use some 
  technique like the one described here to do that, but we
  already have a technique for that, described in RFC 4474,
  so I don't see an advantage.
- being able to determine whether the fact that my call to
  alice@example.com was answered by bob@example.org was OK.
  This can't be resolved in this way because the routing
  may depend on From.

-Ekr


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Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2008 14:22:21 -0600
Thread-Topic: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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Forgive me for jumping in very late and not understanding some of the issues, but this caught my eye:

>2. An RFC 4474 signature from the PSTN gateway doesn't do anything
>   useful for Bob unless Bob can trust the *identity* claimed
>   in that signature. Again, this isn't about DTLS-SRTP, but
>   purely about the semantics of the PSTN.
>
>   Say, for the sake of argument, that Alice's GW *did* sign
>   with +123456789@atlanta.com. This stops EP from changing
>   the fingerprint while retaining the signature, but it just
>   inserts its own fingerprint, changes the identity to
>   +123456789@ep.com, which it does own, and resigns. The
>   problem here is that Bob has no way of a priori knowing that
>   there is any important difference between these two identities,
>   and so he's not really doing endpoint auth.
>
>   Note, however, that this is a consequence of only looking at
>   the LHS. If Bob's UA was configured to show "Alice"
>   for +123456789@atlanta.com and "Unknown" for +123456789@ep.com
>   (e.g., via an address book) then this would all work fine.
>
>So, absent some way for Bob (the RP) to know which AS should be
>signing a given E.164 number, I don't see any useful change to
>RFC 4474 that helps against this class of attack.

Bob does know which AS to trust for any E.164 numbers.  He signed up with a service provider that, from a PSTN standpoint, owns the PSTN number Bob uses for PSTN callers to reach his SIP endpoint.  Bob only expects calls from the PSTN to come from that service provider.  He can't trust any other GWs.  So if Bob's UA is configured with the list of GWs his service provider supplied and a policy to trust only those GWs, all we need now is the proposed identifier (such as user=phone) that says to lower your trust expectations for the user part of the URI because it came from a PSTN assertion.  Bob can then trust his connection is fully secured all the way to the PSTN GW but no further.

John

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On Apr 13, 2008, at 7:02 PM, Francois Audet wrote:
> I understand what you are saying.
>
> But I have difficulty imagining a case where the owner of the domain  
> of the
> service provider or enterprise (example.com) would not be able to  
> reach a
> PSTN gateway.

The problem is we're talking about TWO service providers, and reaching  
the wrong one's gateway.
>
>
> I guess you are worried about a@a.com phoning b@b.com and b.com  
> doesn't have
> a gateway but wants to forward to PSTN (and wants the originating to  
> fork
> the bill). So it sends tel URI instead. Sure, but again, I doubt it  
> will
> work very well.

It has the potential to work well, whereas what we have now doesn't.

>
>
> I guess you could cheat and put a.com in the SIP contact. I think  
> there are
> lots of cases where the domain will be ignored anyways.
>
> Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me to use Tel  
> URI for
> this. I am just saying it may cause interop problems. Maybe that's  
> ok, and
> maybe implementations will start implementing tel URI.

I've no doubt that there will be interop problems. That's what happens  
when you specify something that has previously been unspecified and  
left to whim or caprice.

--
Dean

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On Apr 13, 2008, at 10:21 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
>>
>> But I do think one ought to attempt to honor the intent of the  
>> provider
>> of the URI. IMO 3263 is pretty clear about how a sip uri is to be  
>> routed.
>
> Yes, but I'm not clear which part of 3263 *isn't* being honored.   
> You set your req-uri to sip:123456789@example.com, it reaches  
> example.com, example.com says "hmm, not one of my users, I'll  
> consider this a telephone number, and try the SIP-trunk or PSTN or  
> whatever".  It reached the intended sip target domain (example.com).
>

Which might also have a user "123456789", resulting in the delivery of  
that call to the user, rather than the phone number.

--
Dean

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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On Apr 14, 2008, at 11:54 AM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>
>
>> Let's reduce this to what I see as the simplest use case: Alice calls
>> Bob through a single domain proxy server that is also an RFC 4474
>> authentication service.
>>
>> Alice----->---PAS----->Bob
>>
>> Typically, Alice sends an INVITE along with key fingerprint and  
>> normal
>> SDP, PAS slaps authenticates her and sticks on an Identity header
>> signing her INVITE, and sends it to Bob. Bob 200s with SDP and a key
>> fingerprint. DTLS happens, Alice and Bob compare the key presented in
>> DTLS with the key fingerprint sent in SDP, and everybody is happy.
>>
>> But what if PAS were evil?
>
> I don't understand the relevance of this use case: the basic premise
> of DTLS-SRTP authentication (and of RFC 4474) is that the AS is
> trusted. I don't merely mean that we rely on them; I mean that they
> control the namespace.

It's there  as an example on what the responsibilities of the devices  
are and how the protocol functions.

>
>
>
>> Assume a more complex case, where each of Alice and Bob have their  
>> own
>> PAS, and an evil proxy EP sits in the middle.
>>
>>
>> Alice------>PASA------EP------->PASB-----Bob
>>
>> Here, Alice sends an INVITE with fingerprint and PASA signs it. EP
>> passes the request to PASB, which passes it to Bob. Bob replies  
>> with a
>> 200 OK with fingerprint. Note that Bob's 200 OK cannot have an
>> identity signature over that fingerprint, since RFC 4474 doesn't work
>> on responses. PASB forwards this on to EP, which replaces the SDP and
>> fingerprint. Alice then DTLS handshakes with EP, and is quite happy.
>> Bob starts to handshake with EP, but since EP isn't in possession of
>> Alice's cert, Bob detects the miskey and realizes the call has been
>> intercepted. The protocol works against the attack, because Alice's
>> fingerprint was integrity protected by PASA and could not be modified
>> by EP.
>
> Once again, I think you're thinking about this as a DTLS-SRTP issue,
> but that's fundamentally wrong. It's not about DTLS-SRTP at all,
> it's about endpoint authentication.

No, it's about using key fingerprints to determine whether or not an  
MITM has intercepted the media.

A fingerprint in the signaling is enough to detect a MITM who operates  
purely on the media path.

But a MITM may attack the signaling as well. We therefore integrity  
protect the fingerprint in the signaling using an RFC 4474 signature.

If you have a fingerprint that is not integrity protected, then an  
MITM who influences the signaling can introduce a media relay and  
intercept the media.

>
>
> At the completion of the SIP exchange (never mind the media) in
> the above example, the parties have the following information:
>
> - Bob knows he has received a call from Alice (authenticated
>  by RFC 4474)
> - Alice knows she tried to call Bob and got someone, but has
>  absolutely no idea who.

I'm with you here.

>
>
> If Alice wants cryptographic endpoint authentication of the called
> party, she needs to insist on RFC 4916. Again, this has nothing
> to do with DTLS-SRTP. It's just the logic of the SIP authentication
> framework.

Right. But that's not the problem -- can either Alice or the party  
she;s talking to (who may or may not be Bob) detect that an attacker  
has tapped the call? With a  fingerprint, they can. Without a  
fingerprint, they can't. So if the attacker is able to influence the  
signaling to change the fingerprint, they can't.
>
>
> To see this, consider that even though Bob's UA has detected
> the attack and hung up the phone, Alice is still talking to
> EP and there is no cryptographic way for her to tell she's
> not talking to Bob.

That's true. Of course, assuming we're only talking a "phone tap" and  
not an impostor, Bob could say "Gee Alice, it looks like we have no  
security on this line, so contact me by some other means" and hang up.  
Or Bob could employ an out-of-band mechanism to talk to Alice.

>
>
> Now, there are multiple ways to imagine implementations handling these
> issues. One way is through UI. Bob's UA would be justified in putting
> up some sort of "caller ID verified" icon linked to the RFC 4474
> info. Alice's would have have an "unverified" icon. Another way would
> be for Alice to instruct her UA that this call required 4916 and that
> it should hang up if it didn't get it. (Admittedly, this would work
> better if RFC 4474 could just be used with the OK).
>
>
>> But let's replace Alice with a gateway. This is basically the case
>> from 8.4 of draft-ietf-sip-dtls-framework -- "Single-Sided-
>> Verification" done backwards, with no integrity protection on the
>> forward channel (GW to BOB). The 8.4 case has no verification in the
>> other direction.
>>
>>
>> GW------>PASA------EP------->PASB-----Bob
>>
>>
>> GW sends an INVITE containing SDP and fingerprint to PASA. Since GW  
>> is
>> a gateway, PASA cannot add an Identity header that provides integrity
>> protection for the fingerprint. PASA forwards the request to EP. EP
>> replaces the SDP and fingerprint ands sends it on to PASB. PASB sends
>> the request to Bob, who generates a 200 OK with fingerprint and SDP
>> then sends the request back to PASB. Since this is a response, PASB
>> cannot add an Identity header. EP then replaces the SDP and
>> fingerprint. and sends the response on through PASA to GW. GW and Bob
>> then each DTLS handshake with EP, and the dirty deed is done.
>
> Where this has gone wrong is that it's not in fact single-sided
> autentication: it's unauthenticated communication. Neither side
> has required that the other side authenticate itself. So, of
> course it's subject to MITM attack.
>

And that's exactly the scenario we get when a call comes from a PSTN  
gateway, because 1) we can't RFC 4474 sign a phone identity coming  
through an gateway, and 2) we can't RFC 4474 sign a response. There's  
no authentication at either and, and consequently no way to integrity  
protect the key fingerprint.

>
>> Surely Bob could then offer connected-identity and send an UPDATE or
>> reINVITE along with integrity protection back through the chain to A.
>> EP could delay this or discard it, and by the time things have timed
>> out, GW and Bob have been talking for a long time with their media
>> intercepted.
>
> It's not Bob's job to enforce this. It's Alice's, or rather her
> UA's. It's Bob's job to do 4916, but Alice needs to check that
> she's talking to the right person or else no security mechanism
> can work.

The questions of "who you are talking to" and "has a 3rd party  
modified the signaling between you and the party you are talking to"  
are independent.

>
>
>> While there are a lot of ways one could precondition this thing to
>> death, the easiest fix is to eliminate this scenario by finding a way
>> to apply integrity protect the initial INVITE from GW. The simplest
>> approach I can see to doing that is to tweak RFC 4474 so that it can
>> be applied to PSTN gateways.
>
> I have no idea what this actually means, but in any version of it
> I can conceive, it doesn't do anything useful.

One could use security preconditions with connected-identity to  
establish no media flow until RFC 4474 identity exchange has occurred  
in both directions.

But it is MUCH EASIER To just allow PASA to put an Identity header on  
the call from the gateway.

>
>
> 1. If Alice really cares who she is talking to, she *must* require
>   authentication of the person on the other end of the connection,
>   whether by 4916, an extended 4744, S/MIME, or by some alternate
>   mechanism (e.g., PINs over the channel). Whether or not Alice
>   sends her ientity to the other side or not is totally irrelevant
>   to this question, as indicated above.
>
> 2. An RFC 4474 signature from the PSTN gateway doesn't do anything
>   useful for Bob unless Bob can trust the *identity* claimed
>   in that signature. Again, this isn't about DTLS-SRTP, but
>   purely about the semantics of the PSTN.

Not true. Bob's trust of the key fingerprint is based on his trust not  
of the identity presented in the From:, but on his trust of the  
identity creating the RFC 4474 Identity signature.


>   Say, for the sake of argument, that Alice's GW *did* sign
>   with +123456789@atlanta.com. This stops EP from changing
>   the fingerprint while retaining the signature, but it just
>   inserts its own fingerprint, changes the identity to
>   +123456789@ep.com, which it does own, and resigns. The
>   problem here is that Bob has no way of a priori knowing that
>   there is any important difference between these two identities,
>   and so he's not really doing endpoint auth.

That presumes that Bob trusts signatures from ep.com. Does he have  
reason to so trust? Can he even validate the signature from ep.com?

Assuming that this fools Bob into accepting the call, will Bob and  
Alice discover the deception when he says "Gee, Alice, normally you  
call me from example.com. HAve you changed to a new provider?"


>
>
>   Note, however, that this is a consequence of only looking at
>   the LHS. If Bob's UA was configured to show "Alice"
>   for +123456789@atlanta.com and "Unknown" for +123456789@ep.com
>   (e.g., via an address book) then this would all work fine.
>
> So, absent some way for Bob (the RP) to know which AS should be
> signing a given E.164 number, I don't see any useful change to
> RFC 4474 that helps against this class of attack.
>

Once again, all that Bob is really looking at here is the RHS,  
especially if he he's been told to ignore the LHS through some sort of  
flag.

>
>> RFC 4474 in responses would also be
>> darned useful.
>
> I agree with that.
>
>
> I'd like to just recap the basic security logic of authenticated
> channels.
>
> 1. If both sides require the other side to authenticate, then
>   integrity attacks are not possible.
> 2. If Alice requires Bob to authenticate but not vice versa,
>   than an attacker can pose as Alice to Bob, but cannot
>   pose as Bob to Alice. This is *not* a MITM attack because
>   Alice cannot be attacked, only Bob.
> 3. If neither side requires the other to authenticate, then
>   you can have an MITM attack.
>
>
> Where I think your analysis is wrong is principally in two respects:
>
> 1. A verified attestation of a meaningless identity is not a useful
>   form of authentication. Thus, it's useless for Bob to have a 4474
>   signature from the PSTN gateway unless he knows that that E.164
>   number can only be signed by that gateway. If he will accept as
>   equally valid a signature from any GW (and importantly, treat those
>   two entities as the same), then he is not in fact requiring
>   authentication in any meaningful way.  Above, you're treating as
>   single-sided authentication cases which really are unauthenticated.
>

Well, if Bob accepts signatures from just any old domain, he's  
certainly screwed.


> 2. If you, as one side of the conversation, wish to know who you are
>   talking to, you need to enforce it yourself.  You can't get it as a
>   side effect of offering your own credentials.

As I've repeatedly said, the problem is not in knowing who you;re  
talking to. It's in knowing whether somebody else is listening in.

--
Dean

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Subject: Re: [Sip] RFC 4474 and PSTN
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On Apr 14, 2008, at 2:29 PM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>
> I certainly think this is potentially worth pursuing, but as far
> as I can tell, Dean was talking about calls transiting the PSTN,
> where none of this stuff applies.
>

I'm talking about calls coming from the PSTN and onto the Internet.  
For the part of the call that spans the internet, we wish to have  
privacy and integrity protection on the media channel.

For providing privacy and integrity protection on the media channel,  
we have DTLS-SRTP.

Privacy and integrity on the media channel are, it seems, dependent on  
at least integrity in the signaling channel. This is an advantage over  
SDES, which required both privacy and integrity in the signaling  
channel.

RFC 4474 is used to provide integrity on the signaling channel.

We've agreed that calls coming from PSTN gateways cannot initially use  
RFC 4474 (requiring RFC 4916). Therefore, their signaling is not  
initially integrity protected end-to-end (although hop-by-hop  
mechanisms, such as TLS, might be applied). Consequently, they are  
subject to MITM attacks that do not affect non-gateway calls.

What we're arguing about is whether or not anything can be done about  
this.

--
Dean
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On Apr 14, 2008, at 3:22 PM, Hearty, John wrote:
> Forgive me for jumping in very late and not understanding some of  
> the issues, but this caught my eye:
>
>> 2. An RFC 4474 signature from the PSTN gateway doesn't do anything
>>  useful for Bob unless Bob can trust the *identity* claimed
>>  in that signature. Again, this isn't about DTLS-SRTP, but
>>  purely about the semantics of the PSTN.
>>
>>  Say, for the sake of argument, that Alice's GW *did* sign
>>  with +123456789@atlanta.com. This stops EP from changing
>>  the fingerprint while retaining the signature, but it just
>>  inserts its own fingerprint, changes the identity to
>>  +123456789@ep.com, which it does own, and resigns. The
>>  problem here is that Bob has no way of a priori knowing that
>>  there is any important difference between these two identities,
>>  and so he's not really doing endpoint auth.
>>
>>  Note, however, that this is a consequence of only looking at
>>  the LHS. If Bob's UA was configured to show "Alice"
>>  for +123456789@atlanta.com and "Unknown" for +123456789@ep.com
>>  (e.g., via an address book) then this would all work fine.
>>
>> So, absent some way for Bob (the RP) to know which AS should be
>> signing a given E.164 number, I don't see any useful change to
>> RFC 4474 that helps against this class of attack.
>
> Bob does know which AS to trust for any E.164 numbers.  He signed up  
> with a service provider that, from a PSTN standpoint, owns the PSTN  
> number Bob uses for PSTN callers to reach his SIP endpoint.  Bob  
> only expects calls from the PSTN to come from that service  
> provider.  He can't trust any other GWs.  So if Bob's UA is  
> configured with the list of GWs his service provider supplied and a  
> policy to trust only those GWs, all we need now is the proposed  
> identifier (such as user=phone) that says to lower your trust  
> expectations for the user part of the URI because it came from a  
> PSTN assertion.  Bob can then trust his connection is fully secured  
> all the way to the PSTN GW but no further.

Exactly. And the "stacked" Identity header approach (that I think Jon  
Peterson proposed) allows Bob to transitively trust other ASes which  
are trusted by his AS, but that Bob may have no direct relationship  
with.

--
Deab

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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>, Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2008 19:24:45 -0400
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dean
> Willis
>
> The problem is we're talking about TWO service providers, and reaching
> the wrong one's gateway.

I'm not sure I understand the problem.  Service providers decide whether they want to send a call to the PSTN or not for another domain, and that decision is based on their peering relationship and regulatory restrictions.  If the peering relationship is such that b.com will try the PSTN (e.g., because a.com pays b.com to be its provider), then it will, else not.  So it's not reaching the wrong one's gateway.  A.com calls b.com, b.com can forward the call to the pstn if it has that type of relationship with a.com, else it sends the 302 redirect back upstream.  What's the "wrong one's" gateway?


> > I guess you are worried about a@a.com phoning b@b.com and b.com
> > doesn't have
> > a gateway but wants to forward to PSTN (and wants the originating to
> > fork
> > the bill). So it sends tel URI instead. Sure, but again, I doubt it
> > will
> > work very well.
>
> It has the potential to work well, whereas what we have now doesn't.

Well, it seems to be working.  There's plenty of bilateral peering already happening, and the 302's seem to work across the providers.  It's just that the contact URI in them is not what I would call the "right" one, but it's working.

Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's pretty low on the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting basic calls to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit higher on the list to me. :)


> > Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me to use Tel
> > URI for
> > this. I am just saying it may cause interop problems. Maybe that's
> > ok, and
> > maybe implementations will start implementing tel URI.
>
> I've no doubt that there will be interop problems. That's what happens
> when you specify something that has previously been unspecified and
> left to whim or caprice.

OK, but failing calls will not give it a high chance of being adopted.  Maybe we can figure out how to get a sip: uri to work as well - there's more than one way to skin a cat, even with a potato peeler. ;)

-hadriel
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On Apr 14, 2008, at 6:24 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf  
>> Of Dean
>> Willis
>>
>> The problem is we're talking about TWO service providers, and  
>> reaching
>> the wrong one's gateway.
>
> I'm not sure I understand the problem.  Service providers decide  
> whether they want to send a call to the PSTN or not for another  
> domain, and that decision is based on their peering relationship and  
> regulatory restrictions.  If the peering relationship is such that  
> b.com will try the PSTN (e.g., because a.com pays b.com to be its  
> provider), then it will, else not.  So it's not reaching the wrong  
> one's gateway.  A.com calls b.com, b.com can forward the call to the  
> pstn if it has that type of relationship with a.com, else it sends  
> the 302 redirect back upstream.  What's the "wrong one's" gateway?
>
>
>>> I guess you are worried about a@a.com phoning b@b.com and b.com
>>> doesn't have
>>> a gateway but wants to forward to PSTN (and wants the originating to
>>> fork
>>> the bill). So it sends tel URI instead. Sure, but again, I doubt it
>>> will
>>> work very well.
>>
>> It has the potential to work well, whereas what we have now doesn't.
>
> Well, it seems to be working.  There's plenty of bilateral peering  
> already happening, and the 302's seem to work across the providers.   
> It's just that the contact URI in them is not what I would call the  
> "right" one, but it's working.

I really can't see how; I can't make it work with my providers

Let's revisit the problem again:

Alice is a customer of provider A.  Bob is a customer of provider B.

Alice calls Bob. Bob wishes to forward her call to Jenny's telephone  
number, +445558675309.

At this point, Bob and provider B don't know what gateway Alice might  
use to reach the PSTN, They also don't know whether reaching Jenny's  
phone number even requires Alice to use a gateway.

What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might send to Alice?

I've heard several alternatives:

1) sip:+445588675309:b.com

2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone

3) sip:+445588675309:a.com

4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone

5) tel:+445588675309


So let's step through what these mean and why they each might not  
work. Keep in mind also that there's a very real possibility that  
Alice might nod NEED a gateway to reach Jenny; it's possible that  
Jenny's phone number is already in ENUM and is directly reachable via  
SIP. But this only works if Alice knows to look it up that way.

1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain of b.com.  
Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone destination,  
Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for placing the  
call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least  
provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.

Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a  
contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it should discard  
the host part and do phone number routing on the user part. That works  
until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. Of course,  
this is a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from  
retargeting a request with a b.com host part.

2) is much the same as 1, except that "user=phone" provides another  
hint. B is no more likely to provide gateway services, but at least  
least if A is going to do an illegal foreign retargeting, it has a  
broader hint that phone number routing instead of user routing is  
required.

3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. That's fine  
as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does it? It might  
route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a perfectly  
valid user ID.

It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her PSTN calls.  
Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com services, or do an  
enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.

4) is much like 3, with the added hint that a telephone-number  
destination is indicated. This might eliminate the accidental calling  
of user +445588675309, but it does nothing to resolve the question of  
Alice not using a.com services for PSTN gateways. There's also an open  
issue as to whether PSTN routing (such as an ENUM lookup) can be  
applied, vs requiring the call to traverse a gateway.

At the very best, a.com (or Alice's UA) knows to discard the host part  
and do telephone routing on the user part. If Alice's UA does this,  
it's probably a violation of RFC 3261, as the UA itself is not  
responsible for the host-part of the contact. A proxy in a.com could  
do this translation. But what happens if Alice doesn't use a.com for  
routing PSTN calls? For example, I might place SIP calls using  
"softarmor.com", but I make my PSTN calls using "sipphone.com", so a  
302 sent to me for "sip: +445588675309@softarmor.com;user=phone" will  
most assuredly fail.  Now, if the a.com proxy knew to translate the  
call, that would be OK, but depending on the relationship between  
Alice and a.com, it might not.

5) doesn't work at all, because Alice's phone doesn't understand tel:  
URLs, since understanding of such was listed as a MAY in RFC 3261. But  
it's the only suggestion from the set that doesn't require violating a  
bunch of existing protocol rules.




> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's pretty low on  
> the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting basic calls  
> to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit higher on the  
> list to me. :)

This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm really hoping  
we get more and more interdomain calls.


>
>
>
>>> Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me to use Tel
>>> URI for
>>> this. I am just saying it may cause interop problems. Maybe that's
>>> ok, and
>>> maybe implementations will start implementing tel URI.
>>
>> I've no doubt that there will be interop problems. That's what  
>> happens
>> when you specify something that has previously been unspecified and
>> left to whim or caprice.
>
> OK, but failing calls will not give it a high chance of being  
> adopted.  Maybe we can figure out how to get a sip: uri to work as  
> well - there's more than one way to skin a cat, even with a potato  
> peeler. ;)

Failing calls that don't work now isn't much of a handicap.  Changing  
the rules of RFC 3261 to make case 3 or 4 generally valid might also  
work.

Fundamentally, we need a documented solution that works in the general  
case and doesn't conflict with MUST level rules of other RFCs we cite,  
unless it supercedes those RFCs.


--
Dean
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Dean Willis wrote:
> On Apr 14, 2008, at 11:54 AM, Eric Rescorla wrote:

>> Where I think your analysis is wrong is principally in two respects:
>>
>> 1. A verified attestation of a meaningless identity is not a useful
>>   form of authentication. Thus, it's useless for Bob to have a 4474
>>   signature from the PSTN gateway unless he knows that that E.164
>>   number can only be signed by that gateway. If he will accept as
>>   equally valid a signature from any GW (and importantly, treat those
>>   two entities as the same), then he is not in fact requiring
>>   authentication in any meaningful way.  Above, you're treating as
>>   single-sided authentication cases which really are unauthenticated.
>>
> 
> Well, if Bob accepts signatures from just any old domain, he's  
> certainly screwed.

How is Bob to decide who to accept signatures from? It is presumably a 
function of the SPs of the people who call him. So are people just to 
say "I'll accept ATT, Verizon, and Sprint" and leave it at that???

>> 2. If you, as one side of the conversation, wish to know who you are
>>   talking to, you need to enforce it yourself.  You can't get it as a
>>   side effect of offering your own credentials.
> 
> As I've repeatedly said, the problem is not in knowing who you;re  
> talking to. It's in knowing whether somebody else is listening in.

I buy into this, since it is often not too hard to convince yourself of 
who you are talking to by voice, manner of speaking, etc.

	Paul
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Dean Willis wrote:
> 
> On Apr 14, 2008, at 6:24 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>
>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of 
>>> Dean
>>> Willis
>>>
>>> The problem is we're talking about TWO service providers, and reaching
>>> the wrong one's gateway.
>>
>> I'm not sure I understand the problem.  Service providers decide 
>> whether they want to send a call to the PSTN or not for another 
>> domain, and that decision is based on their peering relationship and 
>> regulatory restrictions.  If the peering relationship is such that 
>> b.com will try the PSTN (e.g., because a.com pays b.com to be its 
>> provider), then it will, else not.  So it's not reaching the wrong 
>> one's gateway.  A.com calls b.com, b.com can forward the call to the 
>> pstn if it has that type of relationship with a.com, else it sends the 
>> 302 redirect back upstream.  What's the "wrong one's" gateway?
>>
>>
>>>> I guess you are worried about a@a.com phoning b@b.com and b.com
>>>> doesn't have
>>>> a gateway but wants to forward to PSTN (and wants the originating to
>>>> fork
>>>> the bill). So it sends tel URI instead. Sure, but again, I doubt it
>>>> will
>>>> work very well.
>>>
>>> It has the potential to work well, whereas what we have now doesn't.
>>
>> Well, it seems to be working.  There's plenty of bilateral peering 
>> already happening, and the 302's seem to work across the providers.  
>> It's just that the contact URI in them is not what I would call the 
>> "right" one, but it's working.
> 
> I really can't see how; I can't make it work with my providers
> 
> Let's revisit the problem again:
> 
> Alice is a customer of provider A.  Bob is a customer of provider B.
> 
> Alice calls Bob. Bob wishes to forward her call to Jenny's telephone 
> number, +445558675309.
> 
> At this point, Bob and provider B don't know what gateway Alice might 
> use to reach the PSTN, They also don't know whether reaching Jenny's 
> phone number even requires Alice to use a gateway.
> 
> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might send to Alice?
> 
> I've heard several alternatives:
> 
> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
> 
> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
> 
> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
> 
> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
> 
> 5) tel:+445588675309
> 
> 
> So let's step through what these mean and why they each might not work. 
> Keep in mind also that there's a very real possibility that Alice might 
> nod NEED a gateway to reach Jenny; it's possible that Jenny's phone 
> number is already in ENUM and is directly reachable via SIP. But this 
> only works if Alice knows to look it up that way.
> 
> 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain of b.com. 
> Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone destination, 
> Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for placing the 
> call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least 
> provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.

As another alternative, Hadriel has mentioned b.com returning a 302 when 
it gets the request with the phone number and its domain in the R-URI. 
But I don't know what uri it will put in the 302.

> Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a contact 
> that looks like it might be a phone number, it should discard the host 
> part and do phone number routing on the user part. That works until 
> a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. Of course, this is 
> a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from retargeting a 
> request with a b.com host part.
> 
> 2) is much the same as 1, except that "user=phone" provides another 
> hint. B is no more likely to provide gateway services, but at least 
> least if A is going to do an illegal foreign retargeting, it has a 
> broader hint that phone number routing instead of user routing is required.
> 
> 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. That's fine as 
> long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does it? It might route 
> to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a perfectly valid user ID.
> 
> It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her PSTN calls. 
> Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com services, or do an enum 
> lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.
> 
> 4) is much like 3, with the added hint that a telephone-number 
> destination is indicated. This might eliminate the accidental calling of 
> user +445588675309, but it does nothing to resolve the question of Alice 
> not using a.com services for PSTN gateways. There's also an open issue 
> as to whether PSTN routing (such as an ENUM lookup) can be applied, vs 
> requiring the call to traverse a gateway.

It won't prevent calling the user with the name that looks like a 
number, at least not if a.com uses a location service. That is because 
the basic 3261 rules say to ignore the uri params when looking up in the 
location service.

	That's all the comments I have for now.
	Paul

> At the very best, a.com (or Alice's UA) knows to discard the host part 
> and do telephone routing on the user part. If Alice's UA does this, it's 
> probably a violation of RFC 3261, as the UA itself is not responsible 
> for the host-part of the contact. A proxy in a.com could do this 
> translation. But what happens if Alice doesn't use a.com for routing 
> PSTN calls? For example, I might place SIP calls using "softarmor.com", 
> but I make my PSTN calls using "sipphone.com", so a 302 sent to me for 
> "sip: +445588675309@softarmor.com;user=phone" will most assuredly fail.  
> Now, if the a.com proxy knew to translate the call, that would be OK, 
> but depending on the relationship between Alice and a.com, it might not.
> 
> 5) doesn't work at all, because Alice's phone doesn't understand tel: 
> URLs, since understanding of such was listed as a MAY in RFC 3261. But 
> it's the only suggestion from the set that doesn't require violating a 
> bunch of existing protocol rules.
> 
> 
> 
> 
>> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's pretty low on 
>> the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting basic calls 
>> to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit higher on the 
>> list to me. :)
> 
> This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm really hoping we 
> get more and more interdomain calls.
> 
> 
>>
>>
>>
>>>> Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me to use Tel
>>>> URI for
>>>> this. I am just saying it may cause interop problems. Maybe that's
>>>> ok, and
>>>> maybe implementations will start implementing tel URI.
>>>
>>> I've no doubt that there will be interop problems. That's what happens
>>> when you specify something that has previously been unspecified and
>>> left to whim or caprice.
>>
>> OK, but failing calls will not give it a high chance of being 
>> adopted.  Maybe we can figure out how to get a sip: uri to work as 
>> well - there's more than one way to skin a cat, even with a potato 
>> peeler. ;)
> 
> Failing calls that don't work now isn't much of a handicap.  Changing 
> the rules of RFC 3261 to make case 3 or 4 generally valid might also work.
> 
> Fundamentally, we need a documented solution that works in the general 
> case and doesn't conflict with MUST level rules of other RFCs we cite, 
> unless it supercedes those RFCs.
> 
> 
> -- 
> Dean
> 
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You are making this more complicated than it is. See below.


On Apr14 2008 20:08 , "Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com> wrote:

> I really can't see how; I can't make it work with my providers
> 
> Let's revisit the problem again:
> 
> Alice is a customer of provider A.  Bob is a customer of provider B.
> 
> Alice calls Bob. Bob wishes to forward her call to Jenny's telephone
> number, +445558675309.
> 
> At this point, Bob and provider B don't know what gateway Alice might
> use to reach the PSTN, They also don't know whether reaching Jenny's
> phone number even requires Alice to use a gateway.
> 
> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might send to Alice?
> 
> I've heard several alternatives:
> 
> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
> 
> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
> 
> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
> 
> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
> 
> 5) tel:+445588675309

Bob would typically put 2, (assuming you meant
sip:+445588675309@b.com;user=phone) despite the fact that 5 would be more
appropriate.

If B.com is not the cheapest crappiest service provider or enterprise
possible, it will then recurse on it's own PSTN gateway and route the call
there.

I guess in theory, it's possible that it would pass the 302 back. If it did
do this, then I would think that it should make the 302 usable by a.com.
Passing a b.com might work (although it would probably have recursed on it
already). If it doesn't have a gateway, then I guess it could change it to a
Tel URI (which might then fail) or even substitute the domain with a.com and
let a.com deal with it (which it may or may not). Fact is, there is no free
lunch.

In any case, I think 2 is the most likely.

Now, if we want a service where you want Alice to be responsible for
figuring out "how to get to the PSNT", then yeah, I think the Tel URI is
better (but it may not work today in practice unfortunately, in which case
Alice's Proxy would have to B2BUA it and much around with the contact, which
would break 4474, yadi yada).



 

> So let's step through what these mean and why they each might not
> work. Keep in mind also that there's a very real possibility that
> Alice might nod NEED a gateway to reach Jenny; it's possible that
> Jenny's phone number is already in ENUM and is directly reachable via
> SIP. But this only works if Alice knows to look it up that way.
> 
> 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain of b.com.
> Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone destination,
> Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for placing the
> call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least
> provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.
> 
> Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a
> contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it should discard
> the host part and do phone number routing on the user part. That works
> until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. Of course,
> this is a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from
> retargeting a request with a b.com host part.
> 
> 2) is much the same as 1, except that "user=phone" provides another
> hint. B is no more likely to provide gateway services, but at least
> least if A is going to do an illegal foreign retargeting, it has a
> broader hint that phone number routing instead of user routing is
> required.
> 
> 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. That's fine
> as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does it? It might
> route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a perfectly
> valid user ID.
> 
> It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her PSTN calls.
> Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com services, or do an
> enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.
> 
> 4) is much like 3, with the added hint that a telephone-number
> destination is indicated. This might eliminate the accidental calling
> of user +445588675309, but it does nothing to resolve the question of
> Alice not using a.com services for PSTN gateways. There's also an open
> issue as to whether PSTN routing (such as an ENUM lookup) can be
> applied, vs requiring the call to traverse a gateway.
> 
> At the very best, a.com (or Alice's UA) knows to discard the host part
> and do telephone routing on the user part. If Alice's UA does this,
> it's probably a violation of RFC 3261, as the UA itself is not
> responsible for the host-part of the contact. A proxy in a.com could
> do this translation. But what happens if Alice doesn't use a.com for
> routing PSTN calls? For example, I might place SIP calls using
> "softarmor.com", but I make my PSTN calls using "sipphone.com", so a
> 302 sent to me for "sip: +445588675309@softarmor.com;user=phone" will
> most assuredly fail.  Now, if the a.com proxy knew to translate the
> call, that would be OK, but depending on the relationship between
> Alice and a.com, it might not.
> 
> 5) doesn't work at all, because Alice's phone doesn't understand tel:
> URLs, since understanding of such was listed as a MAY in RFC 3261. But
> it's the only suggestion from the set that doesn't require violating a
> bunch of existing protocol rules.
> 
> 
> 
> 
>> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's pretty low on
>> the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting basic calls
>> to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit higher on the
>> list to me. :)
> 
> This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm really hoping
> we get more and more interdomain calls.
> 
> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>>>> Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me to use Tel
>>>> URI for
>>>> this. I am just saying it may cause interop problems. Maybe that's
>>>> ok, and
>>>> maybe implementations will start implementing tel URI.
>>> 
>>> I've no doubt that there will be interop problems. That's what
>>> happens
>>> when you specify something that has previously been unspecified and
>>> left to whim or caprice.
>> 
>> OK, but failing calls will not give it a high chance of being
>> adopted.  Maybe we can figure out how to get a sip: uri to work as
>> well - there's more than one way to skin a cat, even with a potato
>> peeler. ;)
> 
> Failing calls that don't work now isn't much of a handicap.  Changing
> the rules of RFC 3261 to make case 3 or 4 generally valid might also
> work.
> 
> Fundamentally, we need a documented solution that works in the general
> case and doesn't conflict with MUST level rules of other RFCs we cite,
> unless it supercedes those RFCs.
> 
> 
> --
> Dean

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On Apr 14, 2008, at 11:05 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
>
>
> Dean Willis wrote:
>> On Apr 14, 2008, at 11:54 AM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>
>>> Where I think your analysis is wrong is principally in two respects:
>>>
>>> 1. A verified attestation of a meaningless identity is not a useful
>>>  form of authentication. Thus, it's useless for Bob to have a 4474
>>>  signature from the PSTN gateway unless he knows that that E.164
>>>  number can only be signed by that gateway. If he will accept as
>>>  equally valid a signature from any GW (and importantly, treat those
>>>  two entities as the same), then he is not in fact requiring
>>>  authentication in any meaningful way.  Above, you're treating as
>>>  single-sided authentication cases which really are unauthenticated.
>>>
>> Well, if Bob accepts signatures from just any old domain, he's   
>> certainly screwed.
>
> How is Bob to decide who to accept signatures from? It is presumably  
> a function of the SPs of the people who call him. So are people just  
> to say "I'll accept ATT, Verizon, and Sprint" and leave it at that???

It comes down to contractual liability. Who do I have reason to  
believe I can sue if the identity has been falsified? In simplest  
terms, this means "somebody with whom I have a contract", either  
formal and personal, or informal and general. An example of the first  
sort is a specific contract with a service provider. An example of the  
second sort is an implicit contract with a root CA whose cert's are  
included in my commercial OS's browser distribution.

Most likely, people will accept signatures from providers with whom  
they have contractual agreements to provide those signatures; in  
short, signatures from their service providers. I believe that they  
will also be willing to accept transitive signatures. By this I mean  
signatures that are initiated by some other service provider, with  
whom the recipient;s service provider has made contacts of mutual  
authentication.

So if I'm an AT&T customer, I'll accept an AT&T signature. Assume you,  
as a Sprint customer call me. Your call goes out with a Sprint  
signature. Would I trust this directly? Probably not. But if AT&T and  
Sprint have a deal by which AT&T is also willing to add their own  
signature attesting to their trust of Sprint's signature, I'll trust  
AT&T's signature even though it is being applied to a Sprint ID. Of  
course, I'd personally like to see BOTH signatures preserved, since I  
might have an independent agreement with Sprint that AT&T is not aware  
of.

Fewer people are likely to accept signatures of the second sort, and  
quite probably commercially-supplied software will not do so as a  
default. For example, I expect that if I buy a consumer phone from  
AT&T that it will treat signatures asserted by AT&T (or possibly by  
AT&T and other companies with whom it has contracted) differently than  
it will treat signatures by unrelated third parties.

As a user, I'm also more likely to respect signatures from firms that  
I know and do business with than ones from firm's I don't. That's  
called "reputation".

So for example, I might accept a signature from a Cisco Systems cert  
issued by Verisign for a call (although as a more-astute-than-average  
user, I might wonder if the topic of the call were unrelated to the  
business of Cisco Systems, for example it the caller claimed to be  
from my bank. But frankly, if I get a phish call from somebody who's  
using a Cisco Systems cert issued by Verisign, I probably have grounds  
for a lawsuit against Cisco anyhow.


>>> 2. If you, as one side of the conversation, wish to know who you are
>>>  talking to, you need to enforce it yourself.  You can't get it as a
>>>  side effect of offering your own credentials.
>> As I've repeatedly said, the problem is not in knowing who you;re   
>> talking to. It's in knowing whether somebody else is listening in.
>
> I buy into this, since it is often not too hard to convince yourself  
> of who you are talking to by voice, manner of speaking, etc.

It is also to differentiate the several levels of "who I am talking to".

For example, assume I as an AT&T customer get a call from some random  
phone number, through a gateway operated by AT&T. I don't really need  
to know the identity of the calling party to deal with media security  
issues and apply DTLS-SRTP. All I need to know is the identity of the  
operator of the gateway, because I'm concerned about detecting MITMs  
between me and that gateway. What happens on the other side of it is  
outside of my control.

For the typical case wherein I might rent a phone number from AT&T,  
where AT&T is the gateway operator of record for that phone number,  
all I need for SRTP-DTLS to work flawlessly (and provide full MITM  
control) is a signature that asserts an AT&T identity and covers the  
media fingerprint in the SDP.


EKR is quite correct that this is NOT the general case (although it is  
still a case that I think needs to be solved).

Let's consider a broader problem; perhaps it isn't my service  
provider's gateway that is sourcing the call. There might be many  
operators who provide an inverse-gateway service, where their PSTN  
users dial a fixed telephone number, enter a PIN, then enter a new  
destination number or use ten-key-spelling to enter my SIP username  
URI (example: sip:dean.willis@softarmor.com).

When such a request shows up at my phone with some random signature on  
it, how am I to know that this is the "original" signature or whether  
it has been replaced by by some signaling-and-media MITM? Answer: I  
can't.  If the source of the call (in this case a phone number) isn't   
cryptographically or contractually related to the domain of the  
signer, I have nothing to go on.

So if company A provides such gateway services to Alice, and Alice  
calls me, but company B intercepts her INVITE and replaces SDP,  
fingerprints, and Identity signature with a Company B signature, and  
given that I have no reason to expect Alice to have used company A  
instead of company B, then I can't detect the attack at all. I see  
that Alice called me from company B. Now, I might be able to ask Alice  
in-band "Hey, what company did you use to call me" and check for a  
mismatch. This is the "gateway" equivalent of the ZRTP-style  
fingerprint check. But we can't really expert normal people to do this  
consistently.

But back to "reputation:. If I think company B is a reputable gateway  
services provider, then I might well choose to believe their signature  
at least to the extent of using it to detect media-tapping MITMs, even  
if I didn't trust it to give me a real caller ID. It may not give me  
end-to-end security, but at least it lets me know if somebody between  
B and me has tapped the call.

And this gets back to the core of the argument: As a receiver of  
Identity headers, having such a header from a reputable signer is  
useful (for media integrity checks) even if the "username" part of  
that identity header is explicitly not trustworthy.

--
Dean

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On Apr 14, 2008, at 11:19 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
>
> It won't prevent calling the user with the name that looks like a  
> number, at least not if a.com uses a location service. That is  
> because the basic 3261 rules say to ignore the uri params when  
> looking up in the location service.
>

I disagree. Once you've decided to use an RFC 3261 location service,  
what you say is probably correct. But the parameter can be used to  
make an earlier decision to use telephony routing INSTEAD of using an  
RFC 3261 location service.

RFC 3261 says:

> In addition to DNS and location service lookups shown in this  
> example, proxy servers can make flexible "routing decisions" to  
> decide where to send a request

So DNS is clearly a different sort of lookup than "location service".  
ENUM is a DNS lookup, and I see no reason why "user=phone" is not a  
valid flag for saying "don't do location service, do ENUM or TRIP or  
other telephone routing instead".
--
Dean
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On Apr 14, 2008, at 11:22 PM, Francois Audet wrote:
> You are making this more complicated than it is. See below.
>
>
> On Apr14 2008 20:08 , "Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com> wrote:
>
>> I really can't see how; I can't make it work with my providers
>>
>> Let's revisit the problem again:
>>
>> Alice is a customer of provider A.  Bob is a customer of provider B.
>>
>> Alice calls Bob. Bob wishes to forward her call to Jenny's telephone
>> number, +445558675309.
>>
>> At this point, Bob and provider B don't know what gateway Alice might
>> use to reach the PSTN, They also don't know whether reaching Jenny's
>> phone number even requires Alice to use a gateway.
>>
>> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might send to Alice?
>>
>> I've heard several alternatives:
>>
>> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
>>
>> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
>>
>> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
>>
>> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
>>
>> 5) tel:+445588675309
>

Yes, I meant "@",

> Bob would typically put 2, (assuming you meant
> sip:+445588675309@b.com;user=phone) despite the fact that 5 would be  
> more
> appropriate.

But this one is fairly certain not to work.

> If B.com is not the cheapest crappiest service provider or enterprise
> possible, it will then recurse on it's own PSTN gateway and route  
> the call
> there.

Try this experiment: Fire up your Gizmo account, and have the  
registered UA return a 302 to a Contact of sip:+19725199190@proxy01.sipphone.com 
"
.

Now call "sip:audet@proxy01.sipphone.com" (or whatever your Gizmo ID  
is) from a phone that doesn't have Gizmo credentials and see if they  
let you make a free phone call to the PSTN. Hint: They don't.



>
>
> I guess in theory, it's possible that it would pass the 302 back. If  
> it did
> do this, then I would think that it should make the 302 usable by  
> a.com.
> Passing a b.com might work (although it would probably have recursed  
> on it
> already). If it doesn't have a gateway, then I guess it could change  
> it to a
> Tel URI (which might then fail) or even substitute the domain with  
> a.com and
> let a.com deal with it (which it may or may not). Fact is, there is  
> no free
> lunch.
>
> In any case, I think 2 is the most likely.
>
> Now, if we want a service where you want Alice to be responsible for
> figuring out "how to get to the PSNT", then yeah, I think the Tel  
> URI is
> better (but it may not work today in practice unfortunately, in  
> which case
> Alice's Proxy would have to B2BUA it and much around with the  
> contact, which
> would break 4474, yadi yada).

You make a mistake in assuming that a phone number means that Alice  
has to figure out how to get to the PSTN. She doesn't -- she needs to  
figure out how to get to the target specified by the phone number,  
which might or might not be on the Internet as well as the PSTN.  
further, she needs to figure out the "best" (and that's a local policy  
question) to get there, and answering this question might involve  
choosing between multiple gateways and connecting directly over the  
Internet. It might even require something as complex as starting up a  
VPN in order to get a connection to a corporate gateway.

There is no way that the domain of the target can make this decision  
for her, unless the domain of the target is picking up the cost (the  
PSTN gateway charge) for doing so, in which a proxy-retargeting  
operation is arguably a better approach than a 302 response.

--
Dean

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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Date: Tue, 15 Apr 2008 01:12:15 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>
> I really can't see how; I can't make it work with my providers
>
> Let's revisit the problem again:
>
> Alice is a customer of provider A.  Bob is a customer of provider B.
>
> Alice calls Bob. Bob wishes to forward her call to Jenny's telephone
> number, +445558675309.
>
> At this point, Bob and provider B don't know what gateway Alice might
> use to reach the PSTN, They also don't know whether reaching Jenny's
> phone number even requires Alice to use a gateway.
>
> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might send to Alice?
>
> I've heard several alternatives:
>
> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
> 5) tel:+445588675309

Right, and there is no single answer to this, because different strokes for different folks.  (not that there shouldn't be only one way, or that the ways should be documented - I'm just being the messenger here)

Typically, Bob as a UAS puts in 1 or 2. (if one can say "typically" for a UAS redirecting to begin with)  Since that's a 302 for the original transaction, it goes upstream through Bob's b.com proxy/reg, since that's how it got to Bob to begin with.  One of those does a recursion, says "hmmm, not one of my users, and I won't send calls for a.com to PSTN, so time to redirect back a.com".  The contact then gets either changed to 3 or 4. (I assume you have a typo in 4)  OR, a.com does it when it gets a 302 back from b.com with 1 or 2 in it.  So ultimately a.com is looking at 3 or 4 in a 302 redirect.  And a.com will get this response before Alice does, because a.com was in the request path to get to b.com, so it's in the 302 response via path.  A.com then recurses on it, to the PSTN if it doesn't have such a user.


> 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain of b.com.
> Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone destination,
> Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for placing the
> call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least
> provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.

1 and 2 never reach Alice in those forms.  3 or 4 might, but even that's debatable (it's debatable if Alice gets the 302 redirect unless both b.com and a.com can't recurse route it).


> Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a
> contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it should discard
> the host part and do phone number routing on the user part. That works
> until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. Of course,
> this is a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from
> retargeting a request with a b.com host part.

A.com gets 3 or 4, with a.com in it.


> 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. That's fine
> as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does it? It might
> route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a perfectly
> valid user ID.

You're absolutely right that there could be a sip:+445588675309@a.com;user=phone, which b.com did not really mean.  But what *exactly* do you think will happen if a.com gets tel:+445588675309 instead??  Most likely answer: a.com will immediately resolve it to sip:+445588675309@a.com;user=phone.  I mean there's a reason people are calling it an "alias".  If you'd like, we can make the param "user=^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H".  :)


> It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her PSTN calls.
> Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com services, or do an
> enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.

Somehow I don't think a.com or b.com care much about that. ;)


> > Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's pretty low on
> > the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting basic calls
> > to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit higher on the
> > list to me. :)
>
> This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm really hoping
> we get more and more interdomain calls.

Oh me too!  But what I meant was there are problems getting the call from Alice to Bob working, never mind Bob redirecting to Charlie. :)

-hadriel
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	Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>, Dan WING <dwing@cisco.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Hadriel Kaplan writes:

 > A.com then recurses on it, to the PSTN if it doesn't have such
 > a user.

automatic recursion of 302 by a proxy to pstn is very dangerous.  of
course alice needs to get a change to decide if she want to continue to
this new destination.

-- juha
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Dean Willis wrote:
> 
> On Apr 14, 2008, at 11:05 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
>>
>>
>> Dean Willis wrote:
>>> On Apr 14, 2008, at 11:54 AM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>
>>>> Where I think your analysis is wrong is principally in two respects:
>>>>
>>>> 1. A verified attestation of a meaningless identity is not a useful
>>>>  form of authentication. Thus, it's useless for Bob to have a 4474
>>>>  signature from the PSTN gateway unless he knows that that E.164
>>>>  number can only be signed by that gateway. If he will accept as
>>>>  equally valid a signature from any GW (and importantly, treat those
>>>>  two entities as the same), then he is not in fact requiring
>>>>  authentication in any meaningful way.  Above, you're treating as
>>>>  single-sided authentication cases which really are unauthenticated.
>>>>
>>> Well, if Bob accepts signatures from just any old domain, he's  
>>> certainly screwed.
>>
>> How is Bob to decide who to accept signatures from? It is presumably a 
>> function of the SPs of the people who call him. So are people just to 
>> say "I'll accept ATT, Verizon, and Sprint" and leave it at that???
> 
> It comes down to contractual liability. Who do I have reason to believe 
> I can sue if the identity has been falsified? In simplest terms, this 
> means "somebody with whom I have a contract", either formal and 
> personal, or informal and general. An example of the first sort is a 
> specific contract with a service provider. An example of the second sort 
> is an implicit contract with a root CA whose cert's are included in my 
> commercial OS's browser distribution.
> 
> Most likely, people will accept signatures from providers with whom they 
> have contractual agreements to provide those signatures; in short, 
> signatures from their service providers. I believe that they will also 
> be willing to accept transitive signatures. By this I mean signatures 
> that are initiated by some other service provider, with whom the 
> recipient;s service provider has made contacts of mutual authentication.
> 
> So if I'm an AT&T customer, I'll accept an AT&T signature. Assume you, 
> as a Sprint customer call me. Your call goes out with a Sprint 
> signature. Would I trust this directly? Probably not. But if AT&T and 
> Sprint have a deal by which AT&T is also willing to add their own 
> signature attesting to their trust of Sprint's signature, I'll trust 
> AT&T's signature even though it is being applied to a Sprint ID. Of 
> course, I'd personally like to see BOTH signatures preserved, since I 
> might have an independent agreement with Sprint that AT&T is not aware of.
> 
> Fewer people are likely to accept signatures of the second sort, and 
> quite probably commercially-supplied software will not do so as a 
> default. For example, I expect that if I buy a consumer phone from AT&T 
> that it will treat signatures asserted by AT&T (or possibly by AT&T and 
> other companies with whom it has contracted) differently than it will 
> treat signatures by unrelated third parties.

I buy the "contractual" approach. But the logistics still seem fuzzy to 
me. I don't really expect that the phones are going to be presenting the 
identity of the signers, at least as a matter of course. The user 
interface will need to be much simpler than that to be useful to most 
people. So it would seem that the policy will need to reside in the 
phone or in the provider.

But that raises a new set of questions about the kinds of service we 
would like to see possible. Personally, I don't want to be trapped into 
buying my phones from my service provider. I remember the way it was 
when the Bell system was a monopoly and you had to rent your phones from 
them. And of course that is pretty much the way it is with cell phones 
in the US. And it sucks.

*Perhaps* it can be worked out in such a way tht you can buy your phone 
and configure it using some service that helps with the decisions and 
then leaves the phone to enforce them. But that requires some thought.

> As a user, I'm also more likely to respect signatures from firms that I 
> know and do business with than ones from firm's I don't. That's called 
> "reputation".
> 
> So for example, I might accept a signature from a Cisco Systems cert 
> issued by Verisign for a call (although as a more-astute-than-average 
> user, I might wonder if the topic of the call were unrelated to the 
> business of Cisco Systems, for example it the caller claimed to be from 
> my bank. But frankly, if I get a phish call from somebody who's using a 
> Cisco Systems cert issued by Verisign, I probably have grounds for a 
> lawsuit against Cisco anyhow.

Ah, the Willis vs Cisco case. How deep are your pockets?

>>>> 2. If you, as one side of the conversation, wish to know who you are
>>>>  talking to, you need to enforce it yourself.  You can't get it as a
>>>>  side effect of offering your own credentials.
>>> As I've repeatedly said, the problem is not in knowing who you;re  
>>> talking to. It's in knowing whether somebody else is listening in.
>>
>> I buy into this, since it is often not too hard to convince yourself 
>> of who you are talking to by voice, manner of speaking, etc.
> 
> It is also to differentiate the several levels of "who I am talking to".
> 
> For example, assume I as an AT&T customer get a call from some random 
> phone number, through a gateway operated by AT&T. I don't really need to 
> know the identity of the calling party to deal with media security 
> issues and apply DTLS-SRTP. All I need to know is the identity of the 
> operator of the gateway, because I'm concerned about detecting MITMs 
> between me and that gateway. What happens on the other side of it is 
> outside of my control.
> 
> For the typical case wherein I might rent a phone number from AT&T, 
> where AT&T is the gateway operator of record for that phone number, all 
> I need for SRTP-DTLS to work flawlessly (and provide full MITM control) 
> is a signature that asserts an AT&T identity and covers the media 
> fingerprint in the SDP.
> 
> 
> EKR is quite correct that this is NOT the general case (although it is 
> still a case that I think needs to be solved).
> 
> Let's consider a broader problem; perhaps it isn't my service provider's 
> gateway that is sourcing the call. There might be many operators who 
> provide an inverse-gateway service, where their PSTN users dial a fixed 
> telephone number, enter a PIN, then enter a new destination number or 
> use ten-key-spelling to enter my SIP username URI (example: 
> sip:dean.willis@softarmor.com).
> 
> When such a request shows up at my phone with some random signature on 
> it, how am I to know that this is the "original" signature or whether it 
> has been replaced by by some signaling-and-media MITM? Answer: I can't.  
> If the source of the call (in this case a phone number) isn't  
> cryptographically or contractually related to the domain of the signer, 
> I have nothing to go on.
> 
> So if company A provides such gateway services to Alice, and Alice calls 
> me, but company B intercepts her INVITE and replaces SDP, fingerprints, 
> and Identity signature with a Company B signature, and given that I have 
> no reason to expect Alice to have used company A instead of company B, 
> then I can't detect the attack at all. I see that Alice called me from 
> company B. Now, I might be able to ask Alice in-band "Hey, what company 
> did you use to call me" and check for a mismatch. This is the "gateway" 
> equivalent of the ZRTP-style fingerprint check. But we can't really 
> expert normal people to do this consistently.
> 
> But back to "reputation:. If I think company B is a reputable gateway 
> services provider, then I might well choose to believe their signature 
> at least to the extent of using it to detect media-tapping MITMs, even 
> if I didn't trust it to give me a real caller ID. It may not give me 
> end-to-end security, but at least it lets me know if somebody between B 
> and me has tapped the call.
> 
> And this gets back to the core of the argument: As a receiver of 
> Identity headers, having such a header from a reputable signer is useful 
> (for media integrity checks) even if the "username" part of that 
> identity header is explicitly not trustworthy.

IMO this discussion is starting to get to the heart of the issue.

That is to identify the kinds of identity service that would be useful 
to people and that we have the possibility of providing. Both conditions 
are necessary:
- must be useful to people (which implies it is comprehensible)
- must be feasible to deliver

	Thanks,
	Paul
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I'm not comfortable with this. It may be a technically valid 
interpretation, but I have a gut feeling that it will lead to 
inconsistent service. But I can't identify a specific case at the moment.

	Paul

Dean Willis wrote:
> 
> On Apr 14, 2008, at 11:19 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
>>
>> It won't prevent calling the user with the name that looks like a 
>> number, at least not if a.com uses a location service. That is because 
>> the basic 3261 rules say to ignore the uri params when looking up in 
>> the location service.
>>
> 
> I disagree. Once you've decided to use an RFC 3261 location service, 
> what you say is probably correct. But the parameter can be used to make 
> an earlier decision to use telephony routing INSTEAD of using an RFC 
> 3261 location service.
> 
> RFC 3261 says:
> 
>> In addition to DNS and location service lookups shown in this example, 
>> proxy servers can make flexible "routing decisions" to decide where to 
>> send a request
> 
> So DNS is clearly a different sort of lookup than "location service". 
> ENUM is a DNS lookup, and I see no reason why "user=phone" is not a 
> valid flag for saying "don't do location service, do ENUM or TRIP or 
> other telephone routing instead".
> -- 
> Dean
> 
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>>
>> I really can't see how; I can't make it work with my providers
>>
>> Let's revisit the problem again:
>>
>> Alice is a customer of provider A.  Bob is a customer of provider B.
>>
>> Alice calls Bob. Bob wishes to forward her call to Jenny's telephone
>> number, +445558675309.
>>
>> At this point, Bob and provider B don't know what gateway Alice might
>> use to reach the PSTN, They also don't know whether reaching Jenny's
>> phone number even requires Alice to use a gateway.
>>
>> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might send to Alice?
>>
>> I've heard several alternatives:
>>
>> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
>> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
>> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
>> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
>> 5) tel:+445588675309
> 
> Right, and there is no single answer to this, because different strokes for different folks.  (not that there shouldn't be only one way, or that the ways should be documented - I'm just being the messenger here)
> 
> Typically, Bob as a UAS puts in 1 or 2. (if one can say "typically" for a UAS redirecting to begin with)  Since that's a 302 for the original transaction, it goes upstream through Bob's b.com proxy/reg, since that's how it got to Bob to begin with. 

> One of those does a recursion, says "hmmm, not one of my users, and I won't send calls for a.com to PSTN, so time to redirect back a.com".  The contact then gets either changed to 3 or 4. (I assume you have a typo in 4) 

Dean already discussed the problems with b.com attempting to construct a 
sip-based phone number URI in the domain of a.com. IMO its a really bad 
idea.

> OR, a.com does it when it gets a 302 back from b.com with 1 or 2 in it.  So ultimately a.com is looking at 3 or 4 in a 302 redirect.  And a.com will get this response before Alice does, because a.com was in the request path to get to b.com, so it's in the 302 response via path.  A.com then recurses on it, to the PSTN if it doesn't have such a user.

Conversely, it seems like a bad idea for a.com to be second guessing the 
validity of a sip uri in the domain of b.com. How does it know that it 
*won't* work? And how does it know its not really important that it 
remain as written? After all, it is b.com's URI.

At least for the moment there is nothing that I am aware of in all specs 
that suggests this is any more valid to do than it would be to change 
mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com to mailto:pkyzivat@acmepacket.com.

>> 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain of b.com.
>> Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone destination,
>> Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for placing the
>> call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least
>> provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.
> 
> 1 and 2 never reach Alice in those forms.  3 or 4 might, but even that's debatable (it's debatable if Alice gets the 302 redirect unless both b.com and a.com can't recurse route it).

When and if it is appropriate to recurse on 3xx, vs returning it, 
remains an open question. I think we can assume that the policies 
relating to that will change over time. So we ought not assume too much.

>> Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a
>> contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it should discard
>> the host part and do phone number routing on the user part. That works
>> until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. Of course,
>> this is a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from
>> retargeting a request with a b.com host part.
> 
> A.com gets 3 or 4, with a.com in it.
> 
> 
>> 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. That's fine
>> as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does it? It might
>> route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a perfectly
>> valid user ID.
> 
> You're absolutely right that there could be a sip:+445588675309@a.com;user=phone, which b.com did not really mean.  But what *exactly* do you think will happen if a.com gets tel:+445588675309 instead??  Most likely answer: a.com will immediately resolve it to sip:+445588675309@a.com;user=phone.  I mean there's a reason people are calling it an "alias".  If you'd like, we can make the param "user=^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H".  :)

The difference is that tel: really does unambiguously represent a phone 
number, whose target is well defined for all. Domains a.com and b.com 
are expected to agree on what it designates.

That is not true of sip:+445588675309@a.com and sip:+445588675309@b.com. 
And it is, arguably, not true for those with user=phone either.

>> It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her PSTN calls.
>> Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com services, or do an
>> enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.
> 
> Somehow I don't think a.com or b.com care much about that. ;)

Perhaps they don't, if they don't care about standards.

But *we* care, since we are making the standards. I think we want a 
standard that can be used successfully without violating it. And I think 
we would like to make it possible for Alice to use two providers in that 
way - at least I do.

>>> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's pretty low on
>>> the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting basic calls
>>> to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit higher on the
>>> list to me. :)
>> This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm really hoping
>> we get more and more interdomain calls.
> 
> Oh me too!  But what I meant was there are problems getting the call from Alice to Bob working, never mind Bob redirecting to Charlie. :)

I hope we fairly quickly get to the point where anybody with sip phone 
can call anybody else with a sip phone, using a sip path e2e.

	Paul
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
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> Try this experiment: Fire up your Gizmo account, and have the
> registered UA return a 302 to a Contact of
> sip:+19725199190@proxy01.sipphone.com
> "
> .
> 
> Now call "sip:audet@proxy01.sipphone.com" (or whatever your Gizmo ID
> is) from a phone that doesn't have Gizmo credentials and see if they
> let you make a free phone call to the PSTN. Hint: They don't.

Yeah, sure, they are not there to lose money.

For the type of feature you are looking at, I think a Tel URI makes more
sense. I'm just pointing out with the current state of SIP phones, it
probably won't work.

> You make a mistake in assuming that a phone number means that Alice
> has to figure out how to get to the PSTN. She doesn't -- she needs to
> figure out how to get to the target specified by the phone number,
> which might or might not be on the Internet as well as the PSTN.
> further, she needs to figure out the "best" (and that's a local policy
> question) to get there, and answering this question might involve
> choosing between multiple gateways and connecting directly over the
> Internet. It might even require something as complex as starting up a
> VPN in order to get a connection to a corporate gateway.
> 
> There is no way that the domain of the target can make this decision
> for her, unless the domain of the target is picking up the cost (the
> PSTN gateway charge) for doing so, in which a proxy-retargeting
> operation is arguably a better approach than a 302 response.

Again, let's recommend the Tel URI approach then.

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Francois Audet writes:

 > For the type of feature you are looking at, I think a Tel URI makes more
 > sense. I'm just pointing out with the current state of SIP phones, it
 > probably won't work.

you are starting a new trend here.  usually this wg has not worried what
people have actually implemented.  instead it has kept on producing
countless rfc that are completely ignored by vendors.

you have to face it that the only way to fix the 302 problem is to make
tel uris mandatory.  if there is a list of fixes to rfc3261 somewhere,
please add it there.

-- juha
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Date: Tue, 15 Apr 2008 10:12:26 -0400
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I don't disagree with what you or Dean are saying in general (though I think you'll find Tel isn't going to avoid some of the issues Dean raises - they're more issues of response recursion in general).  My only point is that this is what is happening *today*, in many cases.  Dean said "it's not working", and my point was "not true - it is working right now, just not how we want and therefore it may have serious issues in the future".

-hadriel


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, April 15, 2008 9:02 AM
> To: Hadriel Kaplan
> Cc: Dean Willis; Francois Audet; SIP IETF; Dan WING
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>
>
>
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
> >>
> >> I really can't see how; I can't make it work with my providers
> >>
> >> Let's revisit the problem again:
> >>
> >> Alice is a customer of provider A.  Bob is a customer of provider B.
> >>
> >> Alice calls Bob. Bob wishes to forward her call to Jenny's telephone
> >> number, +445558675309.
> >>
> >> At this point, Bob and provider B don't know what gateway Alice might
> >> use to reach the PSTN, They also don't know whether reaching Jenny's
> >> phone number even requires Alice to use a gateway.
> >>
> >> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might send to Alice?
> >>
> >> I've heard several alternatives:
> >>
> >> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
> >> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
> >> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
> >> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
> >> 5) tel:+445588675309
> >
> > Right, and there is no single answer to this, because different strokes
> for different folks.  (not that there shouldn't be only one way, or that
> the ways should be documented - I'm just being the messenger here)
> >
> > Typically, Bob as a UAS puts in 1 or 2. (if one can say "typically" for
> a UAS redirecting to begin with)  Since that's a 302 for the original
> transaction, it goes upstream through Bob's b.com proxy/reg, since that's
> how it got to Bob to begin with.
>
> > One of those does a recursion, says "hmmm, not one of my users, and I
> won't send calls for a.com to PSTN, so time to redirect back a.com".  The
> contact then gets either changed to 3 or 4. (I assume you have a typo in
> 4)
>
> Dean already discussed the problems with b.com attempting to construct a
> sip-based phone number URI in the domain of a.com. IMO its a really bad
> idea.
>
> > OR, a.com does it when it gets a 302 back from b.com with 1 or 2 in it.
> So ultimately a.com is looking at 3 or 4 in a 302 redirect.  And a.com
> will get this response before Alice does, because a.com was in the request
> path to get to b.com, so it's in the 302 response via path.  A.com then
> recurses on it, to the PSTN if it doesn't have such a user.
>
> Conversely, it seems like a bad idea for a.com to be second guessing the
> validity of a sip uri in the domain of b.com. How does it know that it
> *won't* work? And how does it know its not really important that it
> remain as written? After all, it is b.com's URI.
>
> At least for the moment there is nothing that I am aware of in all specs
> that suggests this is any more valid to do than it would be to change
> mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com to mailto:pkyzivat@acmepacket.com.
>
> >> 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain of b.com.
> >> Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone destination,
> >> Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for placing the
> >> call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least
> >> provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.
> >
> > 1 and 2 never reach Alice in those forms.  3 or 4 might, but even that's
> debatable (it's debatable if Alice gets the 302 redirect unless both b.com
> and a.com can't recurse route it).
>
> When and if it is appropriate to recurse on 3xx, vs returning it,
> remains an open question. I think we can assume that the policies
> relating to that will change over time. So we ought not assume too much.
>
> >> Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a
> >> contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it should discard
> >> the host part and do phone number routing on the user part. That works
> >> until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. Of course,
> >> this is a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from
> >> retargeting a request with a b.com host part.
> >
> > A.com gets 3 or 4, with a.com in it.
> >
> >
> >> 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. That's fine
> >> as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does it? It might
> >> route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a perfectly
> >> valid user ID.
> >
> > You're absolutely right that there could be a
> sip:+445588675309@a.com;user=phone, which b.com did not really mean.  But
> what *exactly* do you think will happen if a.com gets tel:+445588675309
> instead??  Most likely answer: a.com will immediately resolve it to
> sip:+445588675309@a.com;user=phone.  I mean there's a reason people are
> calling it an "alias".  If you'd like, we can make the param
> "user=^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H".  :)
>
> The difference is that tel: really does unambiguously represent a phone
> number, whose target is well defined for all. Domains a.com and b.com
> are expected to agree on what it designates.
>
> That is not true of sip:+445588675309@a.com and sip:+445588675309@b.com.
> And it is, arguably, not true for those with user=phone either.
>
> >> It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her PSTN calls.
> >> Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com services, or do an
> >> enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.
> >
> > Somehow I don't think a.com or b.com care much about that. ;)
>
> Perhaps they don't, if they don't care about standards.
>
> But *we* care, since we are making the standards. I think we want a
> standard that can be used successfully without violating it. And I think
> we would like to make it possible for Alice to use two providers in that
> way - at least I do.
>
> >>> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's pretty low on
> >>> the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting basic calls
> >>> to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit higher on the
> >>> list to me. :)
> >> This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm really hoping
> >> we get more and more interdomain calls.
> >
> > Oh me too!  But what I meant was there are problems getting the call
> from Alice to Bob working, never mind Bob redirecting to Charlie. :)
>
> I hope we fairly quickly get to the point where anybody with sip phone
> can call anybody else with a sip phone, using a sip path e2e.
>
>         Paul
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>, Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Date: Tue, 15 Apr 2008 10:26:14 -0400
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Cullen Jennings
> Sent: Monday, April 14, 2008 10:53 AM
>
> Based on the discussion I've seen so far, the primary use case for
> this modification is to allow the SBC to do media steering so it can
> steer the RTP through a path that provides better QoS. As you say,
> this could be achieved by modifying the SDP and changing RFC 4474 to
> allow that, but there are probably some other approaches we should be
> considering as well, including ones that may need to be done outside
> of SIP. If there's consensus that this is the problem
> that needs solving, then I'll get with the SIP, SIPPING, and MMUSIC
> chairs and figure out a process for how to evaluate the various
> options and get this moving forward. If this isn't
> the primary use case, then I think we probably need some more
> discussion to get a clearer idea of what the problem is.

I think there are several problems with what 4474 signs, and SDP is only one of them, so I'll break it up into separate emails.  As far as I can tell, in this world there are lots of B2BUA's - and no I'm not just talking SBC's.  Most of the people on this mailing list work for companies that make some form of B2BUA or other which are not SBC's.  Some of those B2BUA's change things which will break 4474.  Whether 4474 *should* fail in such cases is a separate but important topic.

This is part-1: Signing the Call-ID.  Some of those B2BUA's change the Call-ID, even though at a higher layer it's clearly the same "request".

I believe RFC 4474 signs the Call-ID to provide cut-paste attack protection such that the Verifier can detect when a SIP request is being replayed.  To do that, the Verifier keeps a table of received call-id's and identity header signatures with their date.  If a request is received with the same identity header value for the same call-id and date (which are both signed in that identity header value's signature), then it's a replay.  Clearly valid in-dialog requests will have the same call-id, but because their date and cseq values will be different, their identity header values will be unique and not detected as a replay.

I think there are actually legitimate technical reasons why this wouldn't always work right, even in a fully rfc3261-compliant world.  For one, the request could get forked, but end up at the same verifier.  The forked requests could have unique request-uri's or Route header lists, identifying unique final targets, but the verifier would consider all but one of them a replay.  Similarly, a legitimate spiral through a verifier would be detected as a replay.  For another, the request could be responded to by the UAS with a 302, which triggers an upstream proxy to recurse the request again through the same verifier but a new final target, which would be detected as a replay.  Lastly, I believe that if UDP transport is used, the verifier can legitimately get retransmissions of requests, using the same cseq, which it would detect as replays but may really need to pass on. (ie, non-Invite requests)

Then of course there is also a world with B2BUA's.  I think a legitimate argument can be made that a 4474-signed signature *shouldn't* remain valid crossing such Call-ID-changing systems, because otherwise it opens up the door for replay attacks. [note: I am only talking Call-ID's, not other fields]

But there are ways of providing such replay protection *without* signing the Call-ID field value.  I can suggest two alternatives:

1) Create a new header or parameter to be signed and verified, which is unique per new out-of-dialog request the UAC creates - to be added by the UAC or Authenticator before signing.  Ultimately, I believe the Call-ID was signed because it was an already existing header - it was very convenient.  However, if 4474 fails to be usable in many cases were we think it should work, then it's very *inconvenient*.

2) Mandate that UAC's _STOP_ using IP Addresses in Call-ID's, with whatever new response code and mechanics we need to make that transition.  If we were to re-create SIP today, I would argue for this to the end.  If we want middle-boxes like SBC's to stop changing things we don't want them to change, stop putting things in which their owners feel compelled to change.  This obviously can't be avoided for some things, but the Call-ID is one of my pet peeves because it didn't have to be one of them.

Note that Option 2 would only work for SBC's really, not other B2BUA's who change it because they think they need to or really do need to for other reasons.  And it would have a serious problem of needing some installed SBC's to be upgraded, whereas option 1 above would have a greater chance of working today.  So my preference is Option 1.  But doing Option 2 will also solve a lot of other problems in the future, so my real preference is to do BOTH. (Option 1 for 4474, Option 2 for general practice)

-hadriel
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Date: Tue, 15 Apr 2008 20:19:33 +0530
From: "Aditya Sehgal" <adi.aquarian@gmail.com>
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Subject: [Sip] Invite without offer
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Hi all,
Is there any practical situation where in an Invite will contain no SDP.
Lets say A calls B.
My understanding (albeit limited) of the RFC makes me believe that 200 OK is
sent out when B will pick up the phone. Now assuming, the Initial Invite
contained no offer (and 100 rel is not supported),the first offer is then
sent out at 200 OK .If the return ACK is either dropped in the IP cloud or
is delayed, with no media established, the call is essentially useless.

So, is there any situation where it makes sense for a UE to send an Invite
without an Offer.

Please correct me if my assumptions are wrong.

Thanks & Regards,
Aditya Sehgal

-- 
Don't take life too seriously....Nobody comes out alive anyway

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Hi all,<br>Is there any practical situation where in an Invite will contain no SDP. <br>Lets say A calls B. <br>My understanding (albeit limited) of the RFC makes me believe that 200 OK is sent out when B will pick up the phone. Now assuming, the Initial Invite contained no offer (and 100 rel is not supported),the first offer is then sent out at 200 OK .If the return ACK is either dropped in the IP cloud or is delayed, with no media established, the call is essentially useless.<br>

<br>So, is there any situation where it makes sense for a UE to send an Invite without an Offer.<br><br>Please correct me if my assumptions are wrong.<br><br>Thanks &amp; Regards,<br>Aditya Sehgal<br clear="all"><br>-- <br>

Don&#39;t take life too seriously....Nobody comes out alive anyway

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usually clients would do this to know the far end full list of
capabilities before they send their own offer. although this can be done
via OPTIONS, but not everyone supports it and this is the other way of
doing it. the media might be delayed but the 200OK is re-transmitted so
it should connect fairly quickly. for this reason clients which do this,
end up doing 100rel to avoid these kind of situations
=20
M
=20
=20
________________________________

From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Aditya Sehgal
Sent: Tuesday, April 15, 2008 10:50 AM
To: sip@ietf.org
Subject: [Sip] Invite without offer


Hi all,
Is there any practical situation where in an Invite will contain no SDP.

Lets say A calls B.=20
My understanding (albeit limited) of the RFC makes me believe that 200
OK is sent out when B will pick up the phone. Now assuming, the Initial
Invite contained no offer (and 100 rel is not supported),the first offer
is then sent out at 200 OK .If the return ACK is either dropped in the
IP cloud or is delayed, with no media established, the call is
essentially useless.

So, is there any situation where it makes sense for a UE to send an
Invite without an Offer.

Please correct me if my assumptions are wrong.

Thanks & Regards,
Aditya Sehgal

--=20
Don't take life too seriously....Nobody comes out alive anyway=20

------_=_NextPart_001_01C89F09.876A803D
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	charset="us-ascii"
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.6000.16640" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D464225514-15042008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>usually clients would do this to know the far =
end full list=20
of capabilities before they send their own offer. although this can be =
done via=20
OPTIONS, but not everyone supports it and this is the other way of doing =
it. the=20
media might be delayed but the 200OK is re-transmitted so it should =
connect=20
fairly quickly. for this reason clients which do this, end up doing =
100rel to=20
avoid these kind of situations</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D464225514-15042008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D464225514-15042008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>M</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D464225514-15042008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN =
class=3D464225514-15042008>&nbsp;</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft>
<HR tabIndex=3D-1>
</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B>=20
sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of =
</B>Aditya=20
Sehgal<BR><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, April 15, 2008 10:50 AM<BR><B>To:</B>=20
sip@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> [Sip] Invite without =
offer<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>Hi all,<BR>Is there any practical situation where in an =
Invite will=20
contain no SDP. <BR>Lets say A calls B. <BR>My understanding (albeit =
limited) of=20
the RFC makes me believe that 200 OK is sent out when B will pick up the =
phone.=20
Now assuming, the Initial Invite contained no offer (and 100 rel is not=20
supported),the first offer is then sent out at 200 OK .If the return ACK =
is=20
either dropped in the IP cloud or is delayed, with no media established, =
the=20
call is essentially useless.<BR><BR>So, is there any situation where it =
makes=20
sense for a UE to send an Invite without an Offer.<BR><BR>Please correct =
me if=20
my assumptions are wrong.<BR><BR>Thanks &amp; Regards,<BR>Aditya =
Sehgal<BR=20
clear=3Dall><BR>-- <BR>Don't take life too seriously....Nobody comes out =
alive=20
anyway </BODY></HTML>

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_______________________________________________
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Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Aditya Sehgal <adi.aquarian@gmail.com>, "sip@ietf.org" <sip@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 15 Apr 2008 11:05:59 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] Invite without offer
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Your question is more appropriate for the SIP Implementers list methinks: s=
ip-implementors@lists.cs.columbia.edu
(see https://lists.cs.columbia.edu/mailman/listinfo/sip-implementors)

But anyway, yes there are situations where an Invite will contain no SDP, a=
nd you MUST support receiving such - many systems send such offerless Invit=
es.  But when you send Invites, I would strongly recommend you send it with=
 an SDP offer unless it is actually technically impossible for you to do so=
, because many systems can't handle receiving one without it and will simpl=
y fail your request.

-hadriel

________________________________
From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Adity=
a Sehgal
Sent: Tuesday, April 15, 2008 10:50 AM
To: sip@ietf.org
Subject: [Sip] Invite without offer

Hi all,
Is there any practical situation where in an Invite will contain no SDP.
Lets say A calls B.
My understanding (albeit limited) of the RFC makes me believe that 200 OK i=
s sent out when B will pick up the phone. Now assuming, the Initial Invite =
contained no offer (and 100 rel is not supported),the first offer is then s=
ent out at 200 OK .If the return ACK is either dropped in the IP cloud or i=
s delayed, with no media established, the call is essentially useless.

So, is there any situation where it makes sense for a UE to send an Invite =
without an Offer.

Please correct me if my assumptions are wrong.

Thanks & Regards,
Aditya Sehgal

--
Don't take life too seriously....Nobody comes out alive anyway

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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Your question is more appropriate for =
the
SIP Implementers list methinks: <st1:PersonName w:st=3D"on">sip-implementor=
s@lists.cs.columbia.edu</st1:PersonName><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>(see https://lists.cs.columbia.edu/mai=
lman/listinfo/sip-implementors)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>But anyway, yes there are situations w=
here
an Invite will contain no SDP, and you MUST support receiving such &#8211; =
many
systems send such offerless Invites.&nbsp; But when you send Invites, I wou=
ld <b><span
style=3D'font-weight:bold'>strongly</span></b> recommend you send it with a=
n SDP
offer unless it is actually technically impossible for you to do so, becaus=
e
many systems can&#8217;t handle receiving one without it and will simply fa=
il
your request.&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>-hadriel<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<div style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in =
4.0pt'>

<div>

<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><font siz=
e=3D3
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'>

<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter tabindex=3D-1>

</span></font></div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DTahoma><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=3D2
face=3DTahoma><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] <b><span style=3D'font-w=
eight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Aditya Sehgal<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, April 15, 200=
8
10:50 AM<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st=3D"=
on">sip@ietf.org</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Sip] Invite withou=
t
offer</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D=
'font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D=
'font-size:
12.0pt'>Hi all,<br>
Is there any practical situation where in an Invite will contain no SDP. <b=
r>
Lets say A calls B. <br>
My understanding (albeit limited) of the RFC makes me believe that 200 OK i=
s
sent out when B will pick up the phone. Now assuming, the Initial Invite
contained no offer (and 100 rel is not supported),the first offer is then s=
ent
out at 200 OK .If the return ACK is either dropped in the IP cloud or is
delayed, with no media established, the call is essentially useless.<br>
<br>
So, is there any situation where it makes sense for a UE to send an Invite
without an Offer.<br>
<br>
Please correct me if my assumptions are wrong.<br>
<br>
Thanks &amp; Regards,<br>
Aditya Sehgal<br clear=3Dall>
<br>
-- <br>
Don't take life too seriously....Nobody comes out alive anyway <o:p></o:p><=
/span></font></p>

</div>

</div>

</body>

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From: Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>
To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
In-Reply-To: <B2174410-33EC-4C62-B16A-33A1BA2676E0@softarmor.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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On Apr 14, 2008, at 8:08 PM, Dean Willis wrote:
> Let's revisit the problem again:
>
> Alice is a customer of provider A.  Bob is a customer of provider B.
>
> Alice calls Bob. Bob wishes to forward her call to Jenny's telephone
> number, +445558675309.

Dean, few question about requirements that I think change the  
solution ...

Assuming the call to Jenny is not free, does Bob want to pay for the  
call to Jenny or does Bob want Alice to pay for it?

Does Bob want to hide from Alice the fact that the call was forwarded.  
Often people forward their business phone to their mobile phone but  
don't want to reveal to callers either their mobile phone number or  
the fact that they are not really at their business phone.

I'm also wondering if this thread would be better dealt with in the  
BLISS WG.

Cullen <with my individual hat on>

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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Hadriel Kaplan" <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>,
	"Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Cc: SIP IETF <sip@ietf.org>, Dan WING <dwing@cisco.com>,
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Yeah, exactly.

Dean says "not working" but it is working in most scenarios. 
It just doesn't work that well if everybody is trying to offload the 
responsibility of providing the PSTN gateway to others.

I have no problem with us recommending Tel URI usage for this, and 
hoping that implementations will catch-up. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hadriel Kaplan [mailto:HKaplan@acmepacket.com] 
> Sent: Tuesday, April 15, 2008 07:12
> To: Paul Kyzivat
> Cc: Dean Willis; Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); SIP IETF; Dan WING
> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> 
> I don't disagree with what you or Dean are saying in general 
> (though I think you'll find Tel isn't going to avoid some of 
> the issues Dean raises - they're more issues of response 
> recursion in general).  My only point is that this is what is 
> happening *today*, in many cases.  Dean said "it's not 
> working", and my point was "not true - it is working right 
> now, just not how we want and therefore it may have serious 
> issues in the future".
> 
> -hadriel
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 15, 2008 9:02 AM
> > To: Hadriel Kaplan
> > Cc: Dean Willis; Francois Audet; SIP IETF; Dan WING
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> >
> >
> >
> > Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> > >> -----Original Message-----
> > >> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
> > >>
> > >> I really can't see how; I can't make it work with my providers
> > >>
> > >> Let's revisit the problem again:
> > >>
> > >> Alice is a customer of provider A.  Bob is a customer of 
> provider B.
> > >>
> > >> Alice calls Bob. Bob wishes to forward her call to Jenny's 
> > >> telephone number, +445558675309.
> > >>
> > >> At this point, Bob and provider B don't know what gateway Alice 
> > >> might use to reach the PSTN, They also don't know 
> whether reaching 
> > >> Jenny's phone number even requires Alice to use a gateway.
> > >>
> > >> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might 
> send to Alice?
> > >>
> > >> I've heard several alternatives:
> > >>
> > >> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
> > >> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
> > >> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
> > >> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
> > >> 5) tel:+445588675309
> > >
> > > Right, and there is no single answer to this, because different 
> > > strokes
> > for different folks.  (not that there shouldn't be only one way, or 
> > that the ways should be documented - I'm just being the messenger 
> > here)
> > >
> > > Typically, Bob as a UAS puts in 1 or 2. (if one can say 
> "typically" 
> > > for
> > a UAS redirecting to begin with)  Since that's a 302 for 
> the original 
> > transaction, it goes upstream through Bob's b.com proxy/reg, since 
> > that's how it got to Bob to begin with.
> >
> > > One of those does a recursion, says "hmmm, not one of my 
> users, and 
> > > I
> > won't send calls for a.com to PSTN, so time to redirect 
> back a.com".  
> > The contact then gets either changed to 3 or 4. (I assume 
> you have a 
> > typo in
> > 4)
> >
> > Dean already discussed the problems with b.com attempting 
> to construct 
> > a sip-based phone number URI in the domain of a.com. IMO 
> its a really 
> > bad idea.
> >
> > > OR, a.com does it when it gets a 302 back from b.com with 
> 1 or 2 in it.
> > So ultimately a.com is looking at 3 or 4 in a 302 redirect. 
>  And a.com 
> > will get this response before Alice does, because a.com was in the 
> > request path to get to b.com, so it's in the 302 response 
> via path.  
> > A.com then recurses on it, to the PSTN if it doesn't have 
> such a user.
> >
> > Conversely, it seems like a bad idea for a.com to be second 
> guessing 
> > the validity of a sip uri in the domain of b.com. How does it know 
> > that it
> > *won't* work? And how does it know its not really important that it 
> > remain as written? After all, it is b.com's URI.
> >
> > At least for the moment there is nothing that I am aware of in all 
> > specs that suggests this is any more valid to do than it 
> would be to 
> > change mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com to mailto:pkyzivat@acmepacket.com.
> >
> > >> 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the 
> domain of b.com.
> > >> Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone 
> > >> destination, Alice probably doesn't have an account at 
> b.com to use 
> > >> for placing the call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN 
> > >> calling, or at least provides free translation service 
> to ENUM, she's out of luck.
> > >
> > > 1 and 2 never reach Alice in those forms.  3 or 4 might, but even 
> > > that's
> > debatable (it's debatable if Alice gets the 302 redirect 
> unless both 
> > b.com and a.com can't recurse route it).
> >
> > When and if it is appropriate to recurse on 3xx, vs returning it, 
> > remains an open question. I think we can assume that the policies 
> > relating to that will change over time. So we ought not 
> assume too much.
> >
> > >> Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a 
> > >> contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it should 
> > >> discard the host part and do phone number routing on the 
> user part. 
> > >> That works until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone 
> > >> numbers. Of course, this is a direct violation of RFC 
> 3261, which 
> > >> bans a.com from retargeting a request with a b.com host part.
> > >
> > > A.com gets 3 or 4, with a.com in it.
> > >
> > >
> > >> 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. That's 
> > >> fine as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. 
> Does it? 
> > >> It might route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, 
> which is a 
> > >> perfectly valid user ID.
> > >
> > > You're absolutely right that there could be a
> > sip:+445588675309@a.com;user=phone, which b.com did not 
> really mean.  
> > But what *exactly* do you think will happen if a.com gets 
> > tel:+445588675309 instead??  Most likely answer: a.com will 
> > immediately resolve it to 
> sip:+445588675309@a.com;user=phone.  I mean 
> > there's a reason people are calling it an "alias".  If 
> you'd like, we 
> > can make the param "user=^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H".  :)
> >
> > The difference is that tel: really does unambiguously represent a 
> > phone number, whose target is well defined for all. Domains 
> a.com and 
> > b.com are expected to agree on what it designates.
> >
> > That is not true of sip:+445588675309@a.com and 
> sip:+445588675309@b.com.
> > And it is, arguably, not true for those with user=phone either.
> >
> > >> It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for 
> her PSTN calls.
> > >> Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com 
> services, or do an 
> > >> enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.
> > >
> > > Somehow I don't think a.com or b.com care much about that. ;)
> >
> > Perhaps they don't, if they don't care about standards.
> >
> > But *we* care, since we are making the standards. I think we want a 
> > standard that can be used successfully without violating it. And I 
> > think we would like to make it possible for Alice to use 
> two providers 
> > in that way - at least I do.
> >
> > >>> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's 
> pretty low 
> > >>> on the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble 
> getting basic 
> > >>> calls to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit 
> > >>> higher on the list to me. :)
> > >> This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm really 
> > >> hoping we get more and more interdomain calls.
> > >
> > > Oh me too!  But what I meant was there are problems 
> getting the call
> > from Alice to Bob working, never mind Bob redirecting to Charlie. :)
> >
> > I hope we fairly quickly get to the point where anybody 
> with sip phone 
> > can call anybody else with a sip phone, using a sip path e2e.
> >
> >         Paul
> 
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On Apr 15, 2008, at 9:02 AM, Juha Heinanen wrote:
> Francois Audet writes:
>
>> For the type of feature you are looking at, I think a Tel URI makes  
>> more
>> sense. I'm just pointing out with the current state of SIP phones, it
>> probably won't work.
>
> you are starting a new trend here.  usually this wg has not worried  
> what
> people have actually implemented.  instead it has kept on producing
> countless rfc that are completely ignored by vendors.
>
> you have to face it that the only way to fix the 302 problem is to  
> make
> tel uris mandatory.  if there is a list of fixes to rfc3261 somewhere,
> please add it there.


I'm initially attempted to agree.

But do we need tel: URI support in a node that perhaps just does IM?  
That just does presence?

Perhaps we do, if we see tel: routing and locating as becoming  
critical tools for the internet. Personally, I'm not sure this was  
what we had in mind when thinking about the locator/identifier issue.

--
Dean

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Dean Willis writes:

 > But do we need tel: URI support in a node that perhaps just does IM?  
 > That just does presence?

i can imagine a mobile operator that supports im and presence via a
"pstn" gw.

-- juha
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On Apr 15, 2008, at 10:25 AM, Cullen Jennings wrote:
>
> On Apr 14, 2008, at 8:08 PM, Dean Willis wrote:
>> Let's revisit the problem again:
>>
>> Alice is a customer of provider A.  Bob is a customer of provider B.
>>
>> Alice calls Bob. Bob wishes to forward her call to Jenny's telephone
>> number, +445558675309.
>
> Dean, few question about requirements that I think change the  
> solution ...
>
> Assuming the call to Jenny is not free, does Bob want to pay for the  
> call to Jenny or does Bob want Alice to pay for it?

In my original stated use case, Bob doesn't want to pay for it  
himself, and neither does Bob's service provider. If Alice wants to  
pay for it, that's OK with Bob. If she can get it free, that's OK with  
him too.
>
> Does Bob want to hide from Alice the fact that the call was  
> forwarded. Often people forward their business phone to their mobile  
> phone but don't want to reveal to callers either their mobile phone  
> number or the fact that they are not really at their business phone.

I did not explicitly state this, but the general model here would be  
for Alice to know that the call is being forwarded and where it is  
being forwarded to. Since she presumably has to pay the bill (or make  
a lowest-cost routing decision), she needs this information.

For the purpose of the call we're talking about, she might as well get  
connected with Bob and then get a REFER from him.

> I'm also wondering if this thread would be better dealt with in the  
> BLISS WG.

Perhaps. but I'm thinking that this thread is digging some very  
fundamental brokenness with how we've specified and implemented SIP,  
deep in the heart of the RFC 3261 series.

--
Dean

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Dean Willis wrote:
> 
> On Apr 15, 2008, at 9:02 AM, Juha Heinanen wrote:
>> Francois Audet writes:
>>
>>> For the type of feature you are looking at, I think a Tel URI makes more
>>> sense. I'm just pointing out with the current state of SIP phones, it
>>> probably won't work.
>>
>> you are starting a new trend here.  usually this wg has not worried what
>> people have actually implemented.  instead it has kept on producing
>> countless rfc that are completely ignored by vendors.
>>
>> you have to face it that the only way to fix the 302 problem is to make
>> tel uris mandatory.  if there is a list of fixes to rfc3261 somewhere,
>> please add it there.
> 
> 
> I'm initially attempted to agree.
> 
> But do we need tel: URI support in a node that perhaps just does IM? 
> That just does presence?
> 
> Perhaps we do, if we see tel: routing and locating as becoming critical 
> tools for the internet. Personally, I'm not sure this was what we had in 
> mind when thinking about the locator/identifier issue.

Don't we want interop between IM and SMS? If so, then you want IM 
devices to support tel URIs.

	Paul
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On Apr 15, 2008, at 11:01 AM, Francois Audet wrote:
> Dean says "not working" but it is working in most scenarios.
> It just doesn't work that well if everybody is trying to offload the
> responsibility of providing the PSTN gateway to others.

Doesn't work for me with any of the providers to whose services I have  
access. Of course, most of the providers just do replicated telephone  
services over SIP. The user has no idea about the protocol involved,  
and the functions mirror what that user would have received from a  
class 5 switch or PBX.

Fact, most of the provider systems never issue a 302 at all, and this  
is partly why.

> I have no problem with us recommending Tel URI usage for this, and
> hoping that implementations will catch-up.


Same here.

--
Dean

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Dean Willis writes:

 > > I have no problem with us recommending Tel URI usage for this, and
 > > hoping that implementations will catch-up.
 > 
 > Same here.

"recommending" is not enough.  support for  tel uris must be made
mandatory.  as i said, if there is a somewhere an rfc3261 bug list, this
belongs there.

-- juha
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Dean Willis wrote:
> 
> On Apr 15, 2008, at 10:25 AM, Cullen Jennings wrote:
>>
>> I'm also wondering if this thread would be better dealt with in the 
>> BLISS WG.
> 
> Perhaps. but I'm thinking that this thread is digging some very 
> fundamental brokenness with how we've specified and implemented SIP, 
> deep in the heart of the RFC 3261 series.

There is a relationship with Bliss here, but its complicated.

Here we are simply taking "features" as use cases for investigating the 
adequacy of the fundamental mechanisms of SIP. We aren't so concerned 
with the details of those features. So IMO this is a sip problem.

OTOH, if all the features we are using for use cases are totally bogus, 
then maybe we are doing work to no useful purpose.

This is a matter of whether you think work should be driven from the 
bottom up or the top down. IMO there is no single answer to that. Some 
things need to be driven from the bottom up because there will be no 
demand for a feature until it has been demonstrated to be useful. In 
other cases top down is the way to get real world feedback into the system.

	Paul
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I'm not sure about that.

It's not because it's mandatory that people implement it (TLS, TCP, SIPS, to name a few).
I think we need instead to explain it is necessary, and what doest it mean to various components (i.e., UACs, UASs, and Proxies).

For example:

- UACs MUST support Tel URIs (and use whatever proxy they have 
  available to route requests to Tel URIs). Example, recurse on 302.

- UAs (not sure there are many problems here).

- Proxies. Need to be able to route on Tel URI. If they don't 
  recurse, need to pass 302 with Tel Contact. If they recurse, need
  to act on it.

Also, we need to warn people on improper usages of Tel URI (stupid
UA pet tricks). For example, don't use Tel URIs in Contacts other than 3XX.

In other words, this is not just as simple adding "must support
Tel URI" in RFC 3261.
 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Juha Heinanen [mailto:jh@tutpro.com] 
> Sent: Tuesday, April 15, 2008 09:39
> To: Dean Willis
> Cc: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); SIP IETF; Paul Kyzivat; Dan WING
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> Dean Willis writes:
> 
>  > > I have no problem with us recommending Tel URI usage for 
> this, and  > > hoping that implementations will catch-up.
>  >
>  > Same here.
> 
> "recommending" is not enough.  support for  tel uris must be 
> made mandatory.  as i said, if there is a somewhere an 
> rfc3261 bug list, this belongs there.
> 
> -- juha
> 
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On Apr 15, 2008, at 12:33 PM, Francois Audet wrote:
> I'm not sure about that.
>
> It's not because it's mandatory that people implement it (TLS, TCP,  
> SIPS, to name a few).
> I think we need instead to explain it is necessary, and what doest  
> it mean to various components (i.e., UACs, UASs, and Proxies).
>
> For example:
>
> - UACs MUST support Tel URIs (and use whatever proxy they have
>  available to route requests to Tel URIs). Example, recurse on 302.

They don't necessarily have to use a proxy; they might have their own  
telephony routing tables, be able to make ENUM lookups, etc.

AS I've said, we need an RFC 3263 for tel: URIs if we expect people to  
use tel:

>
>
> - UAs (not sure there are many problems here).

UAS might need to be able to return a Tel contact in a 302 if they  
issue 302 at all.

--
Dean


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To: Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>, Juha Heinanen <jh@tutpro.com>, Dean
	Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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I totally agree.
They need strong beneficial reasons, not mandates. (ie, the carrot, not the stick, or maybe both)

But we also need to figure out how to do this without making calls fail if they start/try actually using Tel.  Otherwise no one will.

-hadriel

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Francois Audet
> Sent: Tuesday, April 15, 2008 1:33 PM
> To: Juha Heinanen; Dean Willis
> Cc: SIP IETF; Paul Kyzivat; Dan WING
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>
> I'm not sure about that.
>
> It's not because it's mandatory that people implement it (TLS, TCP, SIPS,
> to name a few).
> I think we need instead to explain it is necessary, and what doest it mean
> to various components (i.e., UACs, UASs, and Proxies).
>
> For example:
>
> - UACs MUST support Tel URIs (and use whatever proxy they have
>   available to route requests to Tel URIs). Example, recurse on 302.
>
> - UAs (not sure there are many problems here).
>
> - Proxies. Need to be able to route on Tel URI. If they don't
>   recurse, need to pass 302 with Tel Contact. If they recurse, need
>   to act on it.
>
> Also, we need to warn people on improper usages of Tel URI (stupid
> UA pet tricks). For example, don't use Tel URIs in Contacts other than
> 3XX.
>
> In other words, this is not just as simple adding "must support
> Tel URI" in RFC 3261.
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Juha Heinanen [mailto:jh@tutpro.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 15, 2008 09:39
> > To: Dean Willis
> > Cc: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); SIP IETF; Paul Kyzivat; Dan WING
> > Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> >
> > Dean Willis writes:
> >
> >  > > I have no problem with us recommending Tel URI usage for
> > this, and  > > hoping that implementations will catch-up.
> >  >
> >  > Same here.
> >
> > "recommending" is not enough.  support for  tel uris must be
> > made mandatory.  as i said, if there is a somewhere an
> > rfc3261 bug list, this belongs there.
> >
> > -- juha
> >
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
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Eric Rescorla wrote:

...
> > > S 4.3.
> > > The entire section on shared key conferencing doesn't lead to any
> > > requirements as far as I can tell. Does it make sense to remove
> > > it from this document?
> > 
> > Right.  It seems useful to leave it in, as mentioned at the 
> > beginning of the section:
> > 
> >    The consensus on the RTPSEC mailing list was to concentrate on
> >    unicast, point-to-point sessions.  Thus, there are no 
> requirements
> >    related to shared key conferencing.  This section is retained for
> >    informational purposes.
> > 
> > if others agree it should be removed, I can remove it.
> 
> I've got no real problem with leaving it in, I just wanted
> to note it.

I moved it into Appendix B, which Dan York suggested.  That accomplishes
the goal of documenting the decision and clearly making the discussion
text non-normative.

> > > S 5.3.
> > >    R-OTHER-SIGNALING:
> > >          A solution SHOULD be able to negotiate keys for 
> > > SRTP sessions
> > >          created via different call signaling protocols 
> > > (e.g., between
> > >          Jabber, SIP, H.323, MGCP).
> > > 
> > > This is not discussed anywhere in the document. I wonder 
> > > if it makes
> > > sense to remove it.
> > 
> > I know that my employer's products interwork between SIP 
> > and MGCP (and 
> > our proprietary SCCP) with SRTP today -- all using Security 
> > Descriptions.
> > 
> > I know we have a need to meet this requirement with anything that 
> > replaces our Security Descriptions implementations.  I expect others
> > do, too.  
> > 
> > Would adding motivating text (in a new subsection 4.xxx) be 
> > useful?  I had assumed the need was self-evident.
> 
> As a matter of form, I think it would be good to have a section
> with motivating text.

Ok.  I added a new section to justify R-OTHER-SIGNALING:

   4.8.  Interworking with Other Signaling Protocols

   The discussion in this section relates to the requirement R-OTHER-
   SIGNALING.

   In many environments, some devices are signaled with protocols other
   than SIP which do not share SIP's offer/answer model (e.g., [H.248.1]
   or do not utilize SDP (e.g., H.323).  In other environments, both
   endpoints may be SIP, but may use different key management systems
   (e.g., one uses MIKEY-RSA, the other MIKEY-RSA-R).

   In these environments, it is desirable to have SRTP -- rather than
   RTP -- between the two endpoints.  It is always possible, although
   undesirable, to interwork those disparate signaling systems or
   disparate key management systems by decrypting and re-encrypting each
   SRTP packet in a device in the middle of the network (often the same
   device performing the signaling interworking).  This is undesirable
   due to the cost and increased attack area, as such an SRTP/SRTP
   interworking device is a valuable attack target.

   At the time of this writing, interworking is considered important.
   Interworking without decryption/encryption of the SRTP, while useful,
   is not yet deemed critical because the scale of such SRTP deployments
   is, to date, relatively small.

and a new section to justify R-CERTS (based on comments I received from
another reviewer):

   4.9.  Certificates

   The discussion in this section relates to R-CERTS.

   On the Internet and on some private networks, obtaining certificates
   issued by a certificate authority can be difficult or expensive, and
   requires peers to trust the issuing certificate authority.  For these
   reasons, it is important that authentication mechanisms that utilize
   certificates not rely exclusively on such CA-issued certificates, but
   to also allow self-signed certificates.  By allowing the use of such
   self-signed certificates, an out-of-band mechanism (e.g., manual
   configuration) can be used to trust a peer's certificate.


Here are the other requirements in the document which do not have text to
motivate the requirements.  Which of these -- or perhaps all of them? --
should have additional text written:

   R-RTP-VALID:
         If SRTP key negotiation is performed over the media path (i.e.,
         using the same UDP/TCP ports as media packets), the key
         negotiation packets MUST NOT pass the RTP validity check
         defined in Appendix A.1 of [RFC3550].

   R-NEGOTIATE:
         The media security key management protocol MUST allow a SIP
         User Agent to negotiate media security parameters for each
         individual session.

   R-PFS:
         The media security key management protocol MUST be able to
         support perfect forward secrecy.

   R-COMPUTE:
         The media security key management protocol MUST support
         offering additional SRTP cipher suites without incurring
         significant computational expense.

   R-DOS:
         The media security key management protocol SHOULD NOT introduce
         new denial of service vulnerabilities (e.g., the protocol
         should not request the endpoint to perform CPU-intensive
         operations without the client being able to validate or
         authorize the request).

   R-EXISTING:
         The media security key management protocol SHOULD allow
         endpoints to authenticate using pre-existing cryptographic
         credentials, e.g., certificates or pre-shared keys.

   R-AGILITY:
         The media security key management protocol MUST provide crypto-
         agility, i.e., the ability to adapt to evolving cryptography
         and security requirements (update of cryptographic algorithms
         without substantial disruption to deployed implementations)

   R-DOWNGRADE:
         The media security key management protocol MUST protect cipher
         suite negotiation against downgrading attacks.
 
   R-ALLOW-RTP:  A solution SHOULD be described which allows RTP media
         to be received by the calling party until SRTP has been
         negotiated with the answerer, after which SRTP is preferred
         over RTP.


Related to this, the two requirements R-ASSOC and R-FIPS have in-line
justifications (rather than a discussion in a separate section).  This was
done because they are relatively short, but for style reasons (and because
some of the newer motivational text is now quite short) we could move those
justifications out of Section 5 (requirements) and into section 4 (call
scenarios and requirements considerations).  I don't care much either way.


...
> > Thanks.  I don't know where that text came from (it isn't my wording
> > but it was in my original -00).  Changed to:
> > 
> >       DTLS-SRTP
> >          PFS is provided if the negotiated cipher suite 
> > uses ephemeral
> >          keys (e.g., Diffie-Hellman (DH_RSA from [RFC4346]) 
> >  or Elliptic
> >          Curve Diffie-Hellman [RFC4492]).
> 
> s/DH_RSA/DHE_RSA/. DH_RSA means static keys.

Thanks, fixed.

> > > S A.1.13.3.
> > > It's probably important to indicate that it is desirable to have
> > > the profile be RTP/SAVP when SRTP is used. That's a disadvantage
> > > of media path probing, for instance. I don't think that comes
> > > across clearly here.
> > 
> > There is a disadvantage with RTP/SAVP as the profile, as 
> > well, mentioned at
> > the beginning of that section -- just prior to the list of candidate
> > techniques.  
> > 
> > This section is titled Best Effort Encryption, and RTP/SAVP 
> > is not a candidate
> > technique to provide best effort encryption -- RTP/SAVP 
> > causes a call to fail
> > to complete if any of the remote forks or targets (during 
> > retargeting) rejects
> > the call because they don't understand that profile.  This 
> > is discussed at the
> > beginning of that section, in order to justify why we need 
> > best effort
> > encryption -- so that we can deploy SRTP without a priori 
> > knowledge of the
> > called party's deployment of RTP/SAVP-capable endpoints at 
> > that particular moment.
> 
> So, maybe I just misunderstood the situation: I had thought that 
> with the new media cap stuff one would offer both RTP/SAVP and
> RTP/AVP, so you would get best effort. Am I confused?

We do -- but the SDP capability negotiation does not put RTP/SAVP
on the "m=" line (which is where the profile is indicated).  Rather, 
SDP capability negotiation puts the RTP/SAVP profile into an "a=" 
line.

-d

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Date: Tue, 15 Apr 2008 22:30:21 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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Juha,

In fact, it is probably a combination, e.g., mandating on receipt and
recommending on send. One thing that perhaps should be mandatory is
being able to handle tel received in a 302. Sending tel in a 302 should
not be more than a recommendation.

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Juha Heinanen
> Sent: 15 April 2008 17:39
> To: Dean Willis
> Cc: SIP IETF; Francois Audet; Paul Kyzivat; Dan WING
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> Dean Willis writes:
> 
>  > > I have no problem with us recommending Tel URI usage for 
> this, and
>  > > hoping that implementations will catch-up.
>  > 
>  > Same here.
> 
> "recommending" is not enough.  support for  tel uris must be made
> mandatory.  as i said, if there is a somewhere an rfc3261 bug 
> list, this
> belongs there.
> 
> -- juha
> _______________________________________________
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Elwell, John writes:

 > In fact, it is probably a combination, e.g., mandating on receipt and
 > recommending on send. One thing that perhaps should be mandatory is
 > being able to handle tel received in a 302. Sending tel in a 302 should
 > not be more than a recommendation.

fine, juha
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Cullen Jennings
>
> Based on the discussion I've seen so far, the primary use case for
> this modification is to allow the SBC to do media steering so it can
> steer the RTP through a path that provides better QoS. As you say,
> this could be achieved by modifying the SDP and changing RFC 4474 to
> allow that, but there are probably some other approaches we should be
> considering as well, including ones that may need to be done outside
> of SIP. If there's consensus that this is the problem
> that needs solving, then I'll get with the SIP, SIPPING, and MMUSIC
> chairs and figure out a process for how to evaluate the various
> options and get this moving forward. If this isn't
> the primary use case, then I think we probably need some more
> discussion to get a clearer idea of what the problem is.

Part 2 of this series: Signing the Contact URI.

I believe 4474 signs the Contact URI to prevent malicious attackers from intercepting a signed request and replacing the Contact in order to receive all later requests/responses.  Or at least that's how I read rfc4474's reason for it:

   The Contact header field is included to tie the Identity header to a
   particular user agent instance that generated the request.  Were an
   active attacker to intercept a request containing an Identity header,
   and cut-and-paste the Identity header field into its own request
   (reusing the From, To, Contact, Date, and Call-ID fields that appear
   in the original message), the attacker would not be eligible to
   receive SIP requests from the called user agent, since those requests
   are routed to the URI identified in the Contact header field.
   However, the Contact header is only included in dialog-forming
   requests, so it does not provide this protection in all cases.

While I appreciate the desire, I don't see how signing the Contact actually accomplishes this goal in many cases.  A malicious attacker can easily insert Via and Record-Route headers, to get any subsequent in-dialog requests/responses.  This is in fact what the non-MitM baiting attack described in draft-kaplan-sip-baiting-attack-02 does.

But there is potential for a Contact URI to be used for out-of-dialog requests, for example in later REFERs and certain Conference applications, which is what triggered the need for GRUU's.  In that sense signing it may be valuable.  Unfortunately that contradicts the goals of certain middle-boxes, and figuring out if those middle-boxes are changing it for malicious vs. legitimate reasons is an impossible task.

Note that not signing the contact does not hurt the strength of the signed request directly (because the Record-Route issue already weakened that), but hurts the validity of the Contact for use in future out-of-dialog requests from the UAS.  The question then is what exactly is harmed if a malicious attacker inserts itself in the Contact for such use-cases.  If a later REFER or conference INVITE is sent to the attacker instead of the correct UA, it will only succeed in transferring or joining the call if it actually reaches the right UA.  Certainly the attacker could pretend to be the correct UA, and thus either perform full impersonation, or simply view SIP signaling which it otherwise might not get to.

However this form of attack is far less likely and less fruitful than those available to attackers by simply inserting Record-Routes as done in the baiting attack for the original request, and can be detected by RFC4916-type upstream signing in response to the REFER or conference INVITE.

Therefore, I propose a straw-man:
Allow the authenticating signer and/or the UAC to choose whether to sign the Contact URI, by having it add an Identity-Info param such as "no=contact".  The inclusion of this param means the signature does not include the Contact addr-spec.  The Identity-Info header is itself not signed, but that won't matter because if an attacker adds this but the signature did include the contact, it will invalidate the signature, and vice-versa if an attacker removes it.  This weakens things as described earlier, but it's up to the originator to decide if they're ok with that. (A better-than-nothing approach)

Regardless, I suggest we strongly recommend in any update to RFC 4474 that GRUU's be used for signed Contact URI's.  When the Contact is a GRUU using the domain name instead of the UAC's host address, there is less need for middle-boxes to change the Contact.  It is often changed to hide host-specific information, and with a GRUU that can be avoided. (it won't go away completely, but it increases the odds of success if it is still signed)

-hadriel
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Thread-Topic: SIP based VoIP in cellular network
thread-index: AcifgwPa6d/b8cH8S7SrXFkYfpDW/w==
From: "Haleem, Ambreen \(UMKC-Student\)" <Ambreen.Haleem@umkc.edu>
To: <sip@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Sip] SIP based VoIP in cellular network
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Hi,

I'm doing MS in computer science and wants to do thesis on SIP based VoIP in cellular networks. The problem area I had selected is the overhead involved in SIP based VoIP, with and without compression, number of calls, and context transfers in the case of handoffs. 

I wanted opinion around this topic, how useful this would be and if anyone can give me directions as how to go about it.


Regards,
Ambreen Haleem
M.S. Computer Science Candidate
School of Computing and EngineeringUniversity of Missouri, Kansas City 

_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr 16 02:54:16 2008
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Thread-Topic: Question regarding SDP 'M' Line
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From: "Jayantheesh Srimushnam" <jayanteeshs@hcl.in>
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Subject: [Sip] Question regarding SDP 'M' Line
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Hi All,

=20

While adding a new media stream is it MUST to add a new 'M' line in the
SDP or existing 'M' line can be replaced with the new one=2E=20

Please go through the below specified example and clarify me which is
the correct way of implementing?=20

=20

Example 1:

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

=20

Initial INVITE:

=20

m=3Daudio 7100 RTP/AVP 0 101

a=3Drtcp:7101

a=3Dsendonly

a=3Drtpmap:0 PCMU/8000

a=3Drtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000

=20

Re-Invite:

=20

m=3Dimage 20112 udptl t38

a=3DT38FaxVersion:0

a=3DT38MaxBitRate:1440

=20

Example 2:

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

=20

Initial INVITE:

=20

m=3Daudio 7100 RTP/AVP 0 101

a=3Drtcp:7101

a=3Dsendonly

a=3Drtpmap:0 PCMU/8000

a=3Drtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000

=20

Re-Invite:

=20

m=3Daudio 7100 RTP/AVP 0 101

a=3Drtcp:7101

a=3Dsendonly

a=3Drtpmap:0 PCMU/8000

a=3Drtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000

m=3Dimage 5080 udptl t38

c=3DIN IP4 10=2E101=2E210=2E30

a=3DT38FaxVersion:0

=20

Thanks,

Jayantheesh



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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Hi All,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>While adding a new media stream is=
 it MUST
to add a new &#8216;M&#8217; line in the SDP or existing &#8216;M&#8217;=
 line
can be replaced with the new one=2E <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Please go through the below=
 specified
example and clarify me which is the correct way of implementing?=
 <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Example=
 1:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Initial=
 INVITE:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>m=3Daudio 7100 RTP/AVP 0=
 101<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=
=3Drtcp:7101<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=
=3Dsendonly<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=3Drtpmap:0=
 PCMU/8000<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=3Drtpmap:101=
 telephone-event/8000<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=
=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Re-Invite:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>m=3Dimage 20112 udptl=
 t38<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=
=3DT38FaxVersion:0<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=
=3DT38MaxBitRate:1440<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Example=
 2:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Initial=
 INVITE:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>m=3Daudio 7100 RTP/AVP 0=
 101<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=
=3Drtcp:7101<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=
=3Dsendonly<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=3Drtpmap:0=
 PCMU/8000<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=3Drtpmap:101=
 telephone-event/8000<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=
=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Re-Invite:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>m=3Daudio 7100 RTP/AVP 0=
 101<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=
=3Drtcp:7101<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=
=3Dsendonly<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=3Drtpmap:0=
 PCMU/8000<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=3Drtpmap:101=
 telephone-event/8000<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>m=3Dimage 5080 udptl=
 t38<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>c=3DIN IP4 10=2E101=2E210=
=2E30<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>a=
=3DT38FaxVersion:0<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span style=
=3D'font-size:
10=
=2E0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Jayantheesh<o:p></o:p></span></font></=
p>

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<table><tr><td bgcolor=3D#ffffff><font color=3D#000000>DISCLAIMER:<br>
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<br>
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Date: Wed, 16 Apr 2008 20:47:12 +0800
From: "Guangwu.He" <heguangwu@huawei.com>
In-reply-to: <66E8AEE9980BB44CA5FCAD39EBA56AC604371125@CHN-HCLT-EVS02.HCLT.CORP.HCL.IN>
To: 'Jayantheesh Srimushnam' <jayanteeshs@hcl.in>, sip@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Question regarding SDP 'M' Line
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see my comments inline.
 
Thanks & Regards,

Guangwu.He


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From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Jayantheesh Srimushnam
Sent: Wednesday, April 16, 2008 5:58 PM
To: sip@ietf.org
Subject: [Sip] Question regarding SDP 'M' Line



Hi All,

 

While adding a new media stream is it MUST to add a new 'M' line in the SDP
or existing 'M' line can be replaced with the new one. 

Please go through the below specified example and clarify me which is the
correct way of implementing? 

 

Example 1:

========

 

Initial INVITE:

 

m=audio 7100 RTP/AVP 0 101

a=rtcp:7101

a=sendonly

a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000

a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000

 

Re-Invite:

 

m=image 20112 udptl t38

a=T38FaxVersion:0

a=T38MaxBitRate:1440

 

[Guangwu]:the example is wrong;RFC3264 8.1

New media streams are created by new additional media descriptions
below the existing ones, or by reusing the "slot" used by an old
media stream which had been disabled by setting its port to zero.


in you example 1,the port is not zero;

 

Example 2:

========

 

Initial INVITE:

 

m=audio 7100 RTP/AVP 0 101

a=rtcp:7101

a=sendonly

a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000

a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000

 

Re-Invite:

 

m=audio 7100 RTP/AVP 0 101

a=rtcp:7101

a=sendonly

a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000

a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000

m=image 5080 udptl t38

c=IN IP4 10.101.210.30

a=T38FaxVersion:0  

 

Thanks,

Jayantheesh

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the opinions of HCL or its affiliates.
Any form of reproduction, dissemination, copying, disclosure, modification,
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<BODY lang=EN-US vLink=purple link=blue>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=816573912-16042008><FONT size=2>see my 
comments inline.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><FONT size=2>Thanks &amp; 
Regards,<BR><BR>Guangwu.He<BR><BR><BR>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR>This 
e-mail and its attachments contain confidential information from HUAWEI, 
which<BR>is intended only for the person or entity whose address is listed 
above. Any use of the<BR>information contained herein in any way (including, but 
not limited to, total or partial<BR>disclosure, reproduction, or dissemination) 
by persons other than the intended<BR>recipient(s) is prohibited. If you receive 
this e-mail in error, please notify the sender by<BR>phone or email immediately 
and delete it!<BR></FONT></DIV><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader lang=zh-cn dir=ltr align=left>
  <HR tabIndex=-1>
  <FONT face=Tahoma size=2><B>From:</B> sip-bounces@ietf.org 
  [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Jayantheesh 
  Srimushnam<BR><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, April 16, 2008 5:58 PM<BR><B>To:</B> 
  sip@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> [Sip] Question regarding SDP 'M' 
  Line<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV class=Section1>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Hi 
  All,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">While adding a new 
  media stream is it MUST to add a new &#8216;M&#8217; line in the SDP or existing &#8216;M&#8217; line 
  can be replaced with the new one. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Please go through the 
  below specified example and clarify me which is the correct way of 
  implementing? <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Example 
  1:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">========<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Initial 
  INVITE:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">m=audio 7100 RTP/AVP 
  0 101<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=rtcp:7101<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=sendonly<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=rtpmap:0 
  PCMU/8000<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=rtpmap:101 
  telephone-event/8000<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Re-Invite:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">m=image 20112 udptl 
  t38<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=T38FaxVersion:0<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=T38MaxBitRate:1440<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p><STRONG><SPAN 
  class=816573912-16042008>[Guangwu]:the example is wrong;RFC3264 
  8.1</SPAN></STRONG></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p><STRONG><SPAN 
  class=816573912-16042008>New media streams are created by new additional media 
  descriptions<BR>below the existing ones, or by reusing the "slot" used by an 
  old<BR>media stream which had been disabled by setting its port to 
  zero.<BR></SPAN></STRONG></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p><STRONG><SPAN 
  class=816573912-16042008>in you example 1,the port is not 
  zero;</P></SPAN></STRONG></o:p></SPAN></FONT>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Courier New" size=3><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p><STRONG></STRONG></o:p></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Example 
  2:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">========<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Initial 
  INVITE:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">m=audio 7100 RTP/AVP 
  0 101<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=rtcp:7101<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=sendonly<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=rtpmap:0 
  PCMU/8000<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=rtpmap:101 
  telephone-event/8000<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Re-Invite:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">m=audio 7100 RTP/AVP 
  0 101<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=rtcp:7101<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=sendonly<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=rtpmap:0 
  PCMU/8000<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=rtpmap:101 
  telephone-event/8000<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">m=image 5080 udptl 
  t38<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">c=IN IP4 
  10.101.210.30<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">a=T38FaxVersion:0<FONT 
  face="Courier New"><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT size=3><SPAN 
  class=816573912-16042008><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT><FONT 
  face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><FONT 
  face="Courier New"><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT size=3><SPAN 
  class=816573912-16042008>&nbsp;</SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Jayantheesh<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
  <TABLE>
    <TBODY>
    <TR>
      <TD 
        bgColor=#ffffff>DISCLAIMER:<BR>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR><BR>The 
        contents of this e-mail and any attachment(s) are confidential and 
        intended for the named recipient(s) only.<BR>It shall not attach any 
        liability on the originator or HCL or its affiliates. Any views or 
        opinions presented in <BR>this email are solely those of the author and 
        may not necessarily reflect the opinions of HCL or its 
        affiliates.<BR>Any form of reproduction, dissemination, copying, 
        disclosure, modification, distribution and / or publication of <BR>this 
        message without the prior written consent of the author of this e-mail 
        is strictly prohibited. If you have<BR>received this email in error 
        please delete it and notify the sender immediately. Before opening any 
        mail and <BR>attachments please check them for viruses and 
        defect.<BR><BR>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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From: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] Question regarding SDP 'M' Line
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This probably should have been posted to sip-implementors, and certainly =

not cross-posted to both sip and sipping. I'm replying here only because =

there has been one reply here.

I can't remember where right now, but somewhere there has been a =

clarification to the point that Guangwu raises. I believe it is now =

considered ok to reuse an existing and active m-line for a different =

media type.

Its illogical not to allow that. Since you could do it by first doing an =

o/a to set the port to zero, and then another to reuse the line with the =

zero port, why waste the bandwidth and processing to exchange those =

meaningless messages?

	Paul

Guangwu.He wrote:
> see my comments inline.
>  =

> Thanks & Regards,
> =

> Guangwu.He
> =

> =

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>     ---------------------------------------------------------------------=
---
>     *From:* sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] *On
>     Behalf Of *Jayantheesh Srimushnam
>     *Sent:* Wednesday, April 16, 2008 5:58 PM
>     *To:* sip@ietf.org
>     *Subject:* [Sip] Question regarding SDP 'M' Line
> =

>     Hi All,
> =

>      =

> =

>     While adding a new media stream is it MUST to add a new =91M=92 line =
in
>     the SDP or existing =91M=92 line can be replaced with the new one.
> =

>     Please go through the below specified example and clarify me which
>     is the correct way of implementing?
> =

>      =

> =

>     Example 1:
> =

>     =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> =

>      =

> =

>     Initial INVITE:
> =

>      =

> =

>     m=3Daudio 7100 RTP/AVP 0 101
> =

>     a=3Drtcp:7101
> =

>     a=3Dsendonly
> =

>     a=3Drtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
> =

>     a=3Drtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
> =

>      =

> =

>     Re-Invite:
> =

>      =

> =

>     m=3Dimage 20112 udptl t38
> =

>     a=3DT38FaxVersion:0
> =

>     a=3DT38MaxBitRate:1440
> =

>      =

> =

>     *[Guangwu]:the example is wrong;RFC3264 8.1*
> =

>     *New media streams are created by new additional media descriptions
>     below the existing ones, or by reusing the "slot" used by an old
>     media stream which had been disabled by setting its port to zero.
>     *
> =

>     *in you example 1,the port is not zero;*
> =

>     ** =

> =

>     Example 2:
> =

>     =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> =

>      =

> =

>     Initial INVITE:
> =

>      =

> =

>     m=3Daudio 7100 RTP/AVP 0 101
> =

>     a=3Drtcp:7101
> =

>     a=3Dsendonly
> =

>     a=3Drtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
> =

>     a=3Drtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
> =

>      =

> =

>     Re-Invite:
> =

>      =

> =

>     m=3Daudio 7100 RTP/AVP 0 101
> =

>     a=3Drtcp:7101
> =

>     a=3Dsendonly
> =

>     a=3Drtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
> =

>     a=3Drtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
> =

>     m=3Dimage 5080 udptl t38
> =

>     c=3DIN IP4 10.101.210.30
> =

>     a=3DT38FaxVersion:0* * =

> =

>      =

> =

>     Thanks,
> =

>     Jayantheesh
> =

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> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
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> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
_______________________________________________
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr 16 08:34:13 2008
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Hey, here is another idea.

Alice calls Bob.

Bob sends IM to Alice saying "Call me on my cell phone at +14085551212".
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr 16 15:20:41 2008
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Dean Willis wrote:
> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might send to Alice?
> 
> I've heard several alternatives:
> 
> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
> 
> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
> 
> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
> 
> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
> 
> 5) tel:+445588675309

The presence of user=phone and a valid E.164 number in the user part 
seems like a pretty strong hint so I wonder if the following might work 
as a pragmatic, if not exactly elegant, way forward: allow proxies and 
the UAC to treat cases 2 and 4 as if the URI is equivalent to 5 in the 
sense that they can do ENUM query on the E.164 number and they can even 
rewrite the domain part and expect the URI to identify the same entity.

This doesn't prevent a.com from recursing when really Alice's UA would 
have liked to use another provider for gateway services but then neither 
does using a tel: URI.

We'd also want to start pushing support for tel:, of course.

Thanks,
Anders

> 
> 
> So let's step through what these mean and why they each might not  
> work. Keep in mind also that there's a very real possibility that  
> Alice might nod NEED a gateway to reach Jenny; it's possible that  
> Jenny's phone number is already in ENUM and is directly reachable via  
> SIP. But this only works if Alice knows to look it up that way.
> 
> 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain of b.com.  
> Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone destination,  
> Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for placing the  
> call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least  
> provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.
> 
> Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a  
> contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it should discard  
> the host part and do phone number routing on the user part. That works  
> until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. Of course,  
> this is a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from  
> retargeting a request with a b.com host part.
> 
> 2) is much the same as 1, except that "user=phone" provides another  
> hint. B is no more likely to provide gateway services, but at least  
> least if A is going to do an illegal foreign retargeting, it has a  
> broader hint that phone number routing instead of user routing is  
> required.
> 
> 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. That's fine  
> as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does it? It might  
> route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a perfectly  
> valid user ID.
> 
> It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her PSTN calls.  
> Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com services, or do an  
> enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.
> 
> 4) is much like 3, with the added hint that a telephone-number  
> destination is indicated. This might eliminate the accidental calling  
> of user +445588675309, but it does nothing to resolve the question of  
> Alice not using a.com services for PSTN gateways. There's also an open  
> issue as to whether PSTN routing (such as an ENUM lookup) can be  
> applied, vs requiring the call to traverse a gateway.
> 
> At the very best, a.com (or Alice's UA) knows to discard the host part  
> and do telephone routing on the user part. If Alice's UA does this,  
> it's probably a violation of RFC 3261, as the UA itself is not  
> responsible for the host-part of the contact. A proxy in a.com could  
> do this translation. But what happens if Alice doesn't use a.com for  
> routing PSTN calls? For example, I might place SIP calls using  
> "softarmor.com", but I make my PSTN calls using "sipphone.com", so a  
> 302 sent to me for "sip: +445588675309@softarmor.com;user=phone" will  
> most assuredly fail.  Now, if the a.com proxy knew to translate the  
> call, that would be OK, but depending on the relationship between  
> Alice and a.com, it might not.
> 
> 5) doesn't work at all, because Alice's phone doesn't understand tel:  
> URLs, since understanding of such was listed as a MAY in RFC 3261. But  
> it's the only suggestion from the set that doesn't require violating a  
> bunch of existing protocol rules.
> 
> 
> 
> 
>> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's pretty low on  
>> the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting basic calls  
>> to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit higher on the  
>> list to me. :)
> 
> This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm really hoping  
> we get more and more interdomain calls.
> 
> 
>>
>>
>>>> Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me to use Tel
>>>> URI for
>>>> this. I am just saying it may cause interop problems. Maybe that's
>>>> ok, and
>>>> maybe implementations will start implementing tel URI.
>>> I've no doubt that there will be interop problems. That's what  
>>> happens
>>> when you specify something that has previously been unspecified and
>>> left to whim or caprice.
>> OK, but failing calls will not give it a high chance of being  
>> adopted.  Maybe we can figure out how to get a sip: uri to work as  
>> well - there's more than one way to skin a cat, even with a potato  
>> peeler. ;)
> 
> Failing calls that don't work now isn't much of a handicap.  Changing  
> the rules of RFC 3261 to make case 3 or 4 generally valid might also  
> work.
> 
> Fundamentally, we need a documented solution that works in the general  
> case and doesn't conflict with MUST level rules of other RFCs we cite,  
> unless it supercedes those RFCs.
> 
> 
> --
> Dean
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Anders Kristensen" <andersk@cisco.com>,
	"Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Cc: SIP IETF <sip@ietf.org>, Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>,
	Dan WING <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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That's kind of what I was also saying.

PS: what's the difference between 2 and 4? 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Anders Kristensen [mailto:andersk@cisco.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, April 16, 2008 15:21
> To: Dean Willis
> Cc: Hadriel Kaplan; SIP IETF; Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); 
> Paul Kyzivat; Dan WING
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> 
> 
> Dean Willis wrote:
> > What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might send to Alice?
> > 
> > I've heard several alternatives:
> > 
> > 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
> > 
> > 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
> > 
> > 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
> > 
> > 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
> > 
> > 5) tel:+445588675309
> 
> The presence of user=phone and a valid E.164 number in the 
> user part seems like a pretty strong hint so I wonder if the 
> following might work as a pragmatic, if not exactly elegant, 
> way forward: allow proxies and the UAC to treat cases 2 and 4 
> as if the URI is equivalent to 5 in the sense that they can 
> do ENUM query on the E.164 number and they can even rewrite 
> the domain part and expect the URI to identify the same entity.
> 
> This doesn't prevent a.com from recursing when really Alice's 
> UA would have liked to use another provider for gateway 
> services but then neither does using a tel: URI.
> 
> We'd also want to start pushing support for tel:, of course.
> 
> Thanks,
> Anders
> 
> > 
> > 
> > So let's step through what these mean and why they each might not 
> > work. Keep in mind also that there's a very real possibility that 
> > Alice might nod NEED a gateway to reach Jenny; it's possible that 
> > Jenny's phone number is already in ENUM and is directly 
> reachable via 
> > SIP. But this only works if Alice knows to look it up that way.
> > 
> > 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain 
> of b.com.  
> > Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone 
> destination, 
> > Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for 
> placing the 
> > call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least 
> > provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.
> > 
> > Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a 
> > contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it 
> should discard 
> > the host part and do phone number routing on the user part. 
> That works 
> > until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. 
> Of course, 
> > this is a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from 
> > retargeting a request with a b.com host part.
> > 
> > 2) is much the same as 1, except that "user=phone" provides another 
> > hint. B is no more likely to provide gateway services, but at least 
> > least if A is going to do an illegal foreign retargeting, it has a 
> > broader hint that phone number routing instead of user routing is 
> > required.
> > 
> > 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. 
> That's fine 
> > as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does 
> it? It might 
> > route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a perfectly 
> > valid user ID.
> > 
> > It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her 
> PSTN calls.  
> > Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com services, or do an 
> > enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.
> > 
> > 4) is much like 3, with the added hint that a telephone-number 
> > destination is indicated. This might eliminate the 
> accidental calling 
> > of user +445588675309, but it does nothing to resolve the 
> question of 
> > Alice not using a.com services for PSTN gateways. There's 
> also an open 
> > issue as to whether PSTN routing (such as an ENUM lookup) can be 
> > applied, vs requiring the call to traverse a gateway.
> > 
> > At the very best, a.com (or Alice's UA) knows to discard 
> the host part 
> > and do telephone routing on the user part. If Alice's UA does this, 
> > it's probably a violation of RFC 3261, as the UA itself is not 
> > responsible for the host-part of the contact. A proxy in 
> a.com could 
> > do this translation. But what happens if Alice doesn't use 
> a.com for 
> > routing PSTN calls? For example, I might place SIP calls using 
> > "softarmor.com", but I make my PSTN calls using "sipphone.com", so a
> > 302 sent to me for "sip: 
> +445588675309@softarmor.com;user=phone" will 
> > most assuredly fail.  Now, if the a.com proxy knew to translate the 
> > call, that would be OK, but depending on the relationship between 
> > Alice and a.com, it might not.
> > 
> > 5) doesn't work at all, because Alice's phone doesn't 
> understand tel:  
> > URLs, since understanding of such was listed as a MAY in 
> RFC 3261. But 
> > it's the only suggestion from the set that doesn't require 
> violating a 
> > bunch of existing protocol rules.
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> >> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's 
> pretty low on 
> >> the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting 
> basic calls 
> >> to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit 
> higher on the 
> >> list to me. :)
> > 
> > This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm 
> really hoping 
> > we get more and more interdomain calls.
> > 
> > 
> >>
> >>
> >>>> Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me 
> to use Tel 
> >>>> URI for this. I am just saying it may cause interop 
> problems. Maybe 
> >>>> that's ok, and maybe implementations will start implementing tel 
> >>>> URI.
> >>> I've no doubt that there will be interop problems. That's what 
> >>> happens when you specify something that has previously been 
> >>> unspecified and left to whim or caprice.
> >> OK, but failing calls will not give it a high chance of being 
> >> adopted.  Maybe we can figure out how to get a sip: uri to work as 
> >> well - there's more than one way to skin a cat, even with a potato 
> >> peeler. ;)
> > 
> > Failing calls that don't work now isn't much of a handicap. 
>  Changing 
> > the rules of RFC 3261 to make case 3 or 4 generally valid 
> might also 
> > work.
> > 
> > Fundamentally, we need a documented solution that works in 
> the general 
> > case and doesn't conflict with MUST level rules of other 
> RFCs we cite, 
> > unless it supercedes those RFCs.
> > 
> > 
> > --
> > Dean
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> 
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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Cc: SIP IETF <sip@ietf.org>, Dan WING <dwing@cisco.com>,
	Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Francois Audet wrote:
> That's kind of what I was also saying.
> 
> PS: what's the difference between 2 and 4? 

I think 4 is a typo and was presumably intended to be

    4) sip:+445588675309:a.com;user=phone

It is already the case that a.com may treat 3,4 & 5 alike if it wishes.
And b.com may treate 1,2 & 5 alike if it wishes.

The question is whether a.com may treat 1&2 like 5, or if b.com may 
treat 3&4 like 5.

Apparently some are saying that user=phone is license to ignore the 
domain. But that just raises the question of why one would insert a 
domain along with a parameter that says to ignore it. Makes no sense to me.

	Paul

>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Anders Kristensen [mailto:andersk@cisco.com] 
>> Sent: Wednesday, April 16, 2008 15:21
>> To: Dean Willis
>> Cc: Hadriel Kaplan; SIP IETF; Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); 
>> Paul Kyzivat; Dan WING
>> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>>
>>
>>
>> Dean Willis wrote:
>>> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might send to Alice?
>>>
>>> I've heard several alternatives:
>>>
>>> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
>>>
>>> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
>>>
>>> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
>>>
>>> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
>>>
>>> 5) tel:+445588675309
>> The presence of user=phone and a valid E.164 number in the 
>> user part seems like a pretty strong hint so I wonder if the 
>> following might work as a pragmatic, if not exactly elegant, 
>> way forward: allow proxies and the UAC to treat cases 2 and 4 
>> as if the URI is equivalent to 5 in the sense that they can 
>> do ENUM query on the E.164 number and they can even rewrite 
>> the domain part and expect the URI to identify the same entity.
>>
>> This doesn't prevent a.com from recursing when really Alice's 
>> UA would have liked to use another provider for gateway 
>> services but then neither does using a tel: URI.
>>
>> We'd also want to start pushing support for tel:, of course.
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Anders
>>
>>>
>>> So let's step through what these mean and why they each might not 
>>> work. Keep in mind also that there's a very real possibility that 
>>> Alice might nod NEED a gateway to reach Jenny; it's possible that 
>>> Jenny's phone number is already in ENUM and is directly 
>> reachable via 
>>> SIP. But this only works if Alice knows to look it up that way.
>>>
>>> 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain 
>> of b.com.  
>>> Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone 
>> destination, 
>>> Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for 
>> placing the 
>>> call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least 
>>> provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.
>>>
>>> Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a 
>>> contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it 
>> should discard 
>>> the host part and do phone number routing on the user part. 
>> That works 
>>> until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. 
>> Of course, 
>>> this is a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from 
>>> retargeting a request with a b.com host part.
>>>
>>> 2) is much the same as 1, except that "user=phone" provides another 
>>> hint. B is no more likely to provide gateway services, but at least 
>>> least if A is going to do an illegal foreign retargeting, it has a 
>>> broader hint that phone number routing instead of user routing is 
>>> required.
>>>
>>> 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. 
>> That's fine 
>>> as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does 
>> it? It might 
>>> route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a perfectly 
>>> valid user ID.
>>>
>>> It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her 
>> PSTN calls.  
>>> Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com services, or do an 
>>> enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.
>>>
>>> 4) is much like 3, with the added hint that a telephone-number 
>>> destination is indicated. This might eliminate the 
>> accidental calling 
>>> of user +445588675309, but it does nothing to resolve the 
>> question of 
>>> Alice not using a.com services for PSTN gateways. There's 
>> also an open 
>>> issue as to whether PSTN routing (such as an ENUM lookup) can be 
>>> applied, vs requiring the call to traverse a gateway.
>>>
>>> At the very best, a.com (or Alice's UA) knows to discard 
>> the host part 
>>> and do telephone routing on the user part. If Alice's UA does this, 
>>> it's probably a violation of RFC 3261, as the UA itself is not 
>>> responsible for the host-part of the contact. A proxy in 
>> a.com could 
>>> do this translation. But what happens if Alice doesn't use 
>> a.com for 
>>> routing PSTN calls? For example, I might place SIP calls using 
>>> "softarmor.com", but I make my PSTN calls using "sipphone.com", so a
>>> 302 sent to me for "sip: 
>> +445588675309@softarmor.com;user=phone" will 
>>> most assuredly fail.  Now, if the a.com proxy knew to translate the 
>>> call, that would be OK, but depending on the relationship between 
>>> Alice and a.com, it might not.
>>>
>>> 5) doesn't work at all, because Alice's phone doesn't 
>> understand tel:  
>>> URLs, since understanding of such was listed as a MAY in 
>> RFC 3261. But 
>>> it's the only suggestion from the set that doesn't require 
>> violating a 
>>> bunch of existing protocol rules.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's 
>> pretty low on 
>>>> the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting 
>> basic calls 
>>>> to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit 
>> higher on the 
>>>> list to me. :)
>>> This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm 
>> really hoping 
>>> we get more and more interdomain calls.
>>>
>>>
>>>>
>>>>>> Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me 
>> to use Tel 
>>>>>> URI for this. I am just saying it may cause interop 
>> problems. Maybe 
>>>>>> that's ok, and maybe implementations will start implementing tel 
>>>>>> URI.
>>>>> I've no doubt that there will be interop problems. That's what 
>>>>> happens when you specify something that has previously been 
>>>>> unspecified and left to whim or caprice.
>>>> OK, but failing calls will not give it a high chance of being 
>>>> adopted.  Maybe we can figure out how to get a sip: uri to work as 
>>>> well - there's more than one way to skin a cat, even with a potato 
>>>> peeler. ;)
>>> Failing calls that don't work now isn't much of a handicap. 
>>  Changing 
>>> the rules of RFC 3261 to make case 3 or 4 generally valid 
>> might also 
>>> work.
>>>
>>> Fundamentally, we need a documented solution that works in 
>> the general 
>>> case and doesn't conflict with MUST level rules of other 
>> RFCs we cite, 
>>> unless it supercedes those RFCs.
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Dean
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
>>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
>>> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>
> 
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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Date: Wed, 16 Apr 2008 19:03:47 -0400
From: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
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To: Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>
References: <C427ED0C.BC%audet@AmericasM01.nt.com>	<C5288CDB-A1C4-422F-B2C0-949027C9BAF7@softarmor.com>	<E6C2E8958BA59A4FB960963D475F7AC30BCFCE66C7@mail.acmepacket.com>	<B2174410-33EC-4C62-B16A-33A1BA2676E0@softarmor.com>	<48067BDA.4050000@cisco.com>	<1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF1630F0D2@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com>
	<48068001.2030302@cisco.com>
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Cc: SIP IETF <sip@ietf.org>, Dan WING <dwing@cisco.com>,
	Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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replying to myself - another thought:

Paul Kyzivat wrote:
> 
> Francois Audet wrote:
>> That's kind of what I was also saying.
>>
>> PS: what's the difference between 2 and 4? 
> 
> I think 4 is a typo and was presumably intended to be
> 
>     4) sip:+445588675309:a.com;user=phone
> 
> It is already the case that a.com may treat 3,4 & 5 alike if it wishes.
> And b.com may treate 1,2 & 5 alike if it wishes.
> 
> The question is whether a.com may treat 1&2 like 5, or if b.com may 
> treat 3&4 like 5.
> 
> Apparently some are saying that user=phone is license to ignore the 
> domain. But that just raises the question of why one would insert a 
> domain along with a parameter that says to ignore it. Makes no sense to me.

This would make *some* sense to me if the semantics were:

1) you MAY route to this domain following 3263 procedures with 
expectation that it will work.

2) if you are unable to do that (say because you don't have a sip path 
at all, or don't have a path to the domain in the URI) then you may 
treat it as a tel URI and route it any way that works for you.

But it seems that in many of the use cases that have been presented in 
this thread it is actually the case that if the recipient routes to the 
domain in the URI the request *won't* work. That makes absolutely no 
sense to me. In that case TEL seems clearly the right way.

Now Hadriel has made a case that it is the SBC's job to fix this up. So 
when the URL exits the domain in which it will work, then the SBC should 
fix it up with the domain it is going into. I guess that could make 
sense if that SBC was acting as an agent of *both* domains. But 
typically it is only acting as an agent of one domain. An SBC acting for 
b.com has no business changing the domain of the URL to a.com, since 
doing so is (or isn't) a policy of a.com.

A way around that is to say that if the URI contains b.com, then an SBC 
acting for b.com, when it knows it won't honor that, can change it to a 
TEL URI when it exits the domain. It then may well go through another 
SBC acting for a.com as it enters the a.com domain. That SBC could 
change the TEL URI to an a.com URI if that will be handled correctly 
within the a.com domain.

	Paul

> 	Paul
> 
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: Anders Kristensen [mailto:andersk@cisco.com] 
>>> Sent: Wednesday, April 16, 2008 15:21
>>> To: Dean Willis
>>> Cc: Hadriel Kaplan; SIP IETF; Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); 
>>> Paul Kyzivat; Dan WING
>>> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Dean Willis wrote:
>>>> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might send to Alice?
>>>>
>>>> I've heard several alternatives:
>>>>
>>>> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
>>>>
>>>> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
>>>>
>>>> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
>>>>
>>>> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
>>>>
>>>> 5) tel:+445588675309
>>> The presence of user=phone and a valid E.164 number in the 
>>> user part seems like a pretty strong hint so I wonder if the 
>>> following might work as a pragmatic, if not exactly elegant, 
>>> way forward: allow proxies and the UAC to treat cases 2 and 4 
>>> as if the URI is equivalent to 5 in the sense that they can 
>>> do ENUM query on the E.164 number and they can even rewrite 
>>> the domain part and expect the URI to identify the same entity.
>>>
>>> This doesn't prevent a.com from recursing when really Alice's 
>>> UA would have liked to use another provider for gateway 
>>> services but then neither does using a tel: URI.
>>>
>>> We'd also want to start pushing support for tel:, of course.
>>>
>>> Thanks,
>>> Anders
>>>
>>>> So let's step through what these mean and why they each might not 
>>>> work. Keep in mind also that there's a very real possibility that 
>>>> Alice might nod NEED a gateway to reach Jenny; it's possible that 
>>>> Jenny's phone number is already in ENUM and is directly 
>>> reachable via 
>>>> SIP. But this only works if Alice knows to look it up that way.
>>>>
>>>> 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain 
>>> of b.com.  
>>>> Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone 
>>> destination, 
>>>> Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for 
>>> placing the 
>>>> call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least 
>>>> provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.
>>>>
>>>> Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a 
>>>> contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it 
>>> should discard 
>>>> the host part and do phone number routing on the user part. 
>>> That works 
>>>> until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. 
>>> Of course, 
>>>> this is a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from 
>>>> retargeting a request with a b.com host part.
>>>>
>>>> 2) is much the same as 1, except that "user=phone" provides another 
>>>> hint. B is no more likely to provide gateway services, but at least 
>>>> least if A is going to do an illegal foreign retargeting, it has a 
>>>> broader hint that phone number routing instead of user routing is 
>>>> required.
>>>>
>>>> 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. 
>>> That's fine 
>>>> as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does 
>>> it? It might 
>>>> route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a perfectly 
>>>> valid user ID.
>>>>
>>>> It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her 
>>> PSTN calls.  
>>>> Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com services, or do an 
>>>> enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.
>>>>
>>>> 4) is much like 3, with the added hint that a telephone-number 
>>>> destination is indicated. This might eliminate the 
>>> accidental calling 
>>>> of user +445588675309, but it does nothing to resolve the 
>>> question of 
>>>> Alice not using a.com services for PSTN gateways. There's 
>>> also an open 
>>>> issue as to whether PSTN routing (such as an ENUM lookup) can be 
>>>> applied, vs requiring the call to traverse a gateway.
>>>>
>>>> At the very best, a.com (or Alice's UA) knows to discard 
>>> the host part 
>>>> and do telephone routing on the user part. If Alice's UA does this, 
>>>> it's probably a violation of RFC 3261, as the UA itself is not 
>>>> responsible for the host-part of the contact. A proxy in 
>>> a.com could 
>>>> do this translation. But what happens if Alice doesn't use 
>>> a.com for 
>>>> routing PSTN calls? For example, I might place SIP calls using 
>>>> "softarmor.com", but I make my PSTN calls using "sipphone.com", so a
>>>> 302 sent to me for "sip: 
>>> +445588675309@softarmor.com;user=phone" will 
>>>> most assuredly fail.  Now, if the a.com proxy knew to translate the 
>>>> call, that would be OK, but depending on the relationship between 
>>>> Alice and a.com, it might not.
>>>>
>>>> 5) doesn't work at all, because Alice's phone doesn't 
>>> understand tel:  
>>>> URLs, since understanding of such was listed as a MAY in 
>>> RFC 3261. But 
>>>> it's the only suggestion from the set that doesn't require 
>>> violating a 
>>>> bunch of existing protocol rules.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's 
>>> pretty low on 
>>>>> the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting 
>>> basic calls 
>>>>> to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit 
>>> higher on the 
>>>>> list to me. :)
>>>> This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm 
>>> really hoping 
>>>> we get more and more interdomain calls.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>>> Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me 
>>> to use Tel 
>>>>>>> URI for this. I am just saying it may cause interop 
>>> problems. Maybe 
>>>>>>> that's ok, and maybe implementations will start implementing tel 
>>>>>>> URI.
>>>>>> I've no doubt that there will be interop problems. That's what 
>>>>>> happens when you specify something that has previously been 
>>>>>> unspecified and left to whim or caprice.
>>>>> OK, but failing calls will not give it a high chance of being 
>>>>> adopted.  Maybe we can figure out how to get a sip: uri to work as 
>>>>> well - there's more than one way to skin a cat, even with a potato 
>>>>> peeler. ;)
>>>> Failing calls that don't work now isn't much of a handicap. 
>>>  Changing 
>>>> the rules of RFC 3261 to make case 3 or 4 generally valid 
>>> might also 
>>>> work.
>>>>
>>>> Fundamentally, we need a documented solution that works in 
>>> the general 
>>>> case and doesn't conflict with MUST level rules of other 
>>> RFCs we cite, 
>>>> unless it supercedes those RFCs.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> Dean
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
>>>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
>>>> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>>
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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	<480685D3.3000308@cisco.com>
From: "Robins, Ellen" <Ellen.Robins@team.telstra.com>
To: "SIP IETF" <sip@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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 Hi everyone,
On the subject of E.164 discussion is there a universal preffix or list
of registered preffixes to signify VoIP call.
For example, the same E.164 Mobile or PSTN services numbers can be used
for dialling Video or Voice Call over IP.
Scenario: Alice has her Mobile service number but would like to receive
a call instead of Mobile on her PC SIP Soft Client.
Are there a preffix XYZ that would indicates to network that this call
shall be routed via Gateway to IP Client instead of Mobile ?


Thanks and kind regards / Ellen Robins
ViG Technology Manager
Services Enablers
Wireless Engineering & Operations
Telstra Operations
Telstra Corporation Limited
  
Ph 03 8627 8981
Mob 0428 309 250
Fax 03 9620 7864
Mail ellen.robins@team.telstra.com 

The information contained in this email message may be confidential. If
you are not the intended recipient, any use of, interference with,
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-----Original Message-----
From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Paul Kyzivat
Sent: Thursday, 17 April 2008 9:04 AM
To: Francois Audet
Cc: SIP IETF; Dan WING; Dean Willis
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it

replying to myself - another thought:

Paul Kyzivat wrote:
> 
> Francois Audet wrote:
>> That's kind of what I was also saying.
>>
>> PS: what's the difference between 2 and 4? 
> 
> I think 4 is a typo and was presumably intended to be
> 
>     4) sip:+445588675309:a.com;user=phone
> 
> It is already the case that a.com may treat 3,4 & 5 alike if it
wishes.
> And b.com may treate 1,2 & 5 alike if it wishes.
> 
> The question is whether a.com may treat 1&2 like 5, or if b.com may 
> treat 3&4 like 5.
> 
> Apparently some are saying that user=phone is license to ignore the 
> domain. But that just raises the question of why one would insert a 
> domain along with a parameter that says to ignore it. Makes no sense
to me.

This would make *some* sense to me if the semantics were:

1) you MAY route to this domain following 3263 procedures with
expectation that it will work.

2) if you are unable to do that (say because you don't have a sip path
at all, or don't have a path to the domain in the URI) then you may
treat it as a tel URI and route it any way that works for you.

But it seems that in many of the use cases that have been presented in
this thread it is actually the case that if the recipient routes to the
domain in the URI the request *won't* work. That makes absolutely no
sense to me. In that case TEL seems clearly the right way.

Now Hadriel has made a case that it is the SBC's job to fix this up. So
when the URL exits the domain in which it will work, then the SBC should
fix it up with the domain it is going into. I guess that could make
sense if that SBC was acting as an agent of *both* domains. But
typically it is only acting as an agent of one domain. An SBC acting for
b.com has no business changing the domain of the URL to a.com, since
doing so is (or isn't) a policy of a.com.

A way around that is to say that if the URI contains b.com, then an SBC
acting for b.com, when it knows it won't honor that, can change it to a
TEL URI when it exits the domain. It then may well go through another
SBC acting for a.com as it enters the a.com domain. That SBC could
change the TEL URI to an a.com URI if that will be handled correctly
within the a.com domain.

	Paul

> 	Paul
> 
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: Anders Kristensen [mailto:andersk@cisco.com]
>>> Sent: Wednesday, April 16, 2008 15:21
>>> To: Dean Willis
>>> Cc: Hadriel Kaplan; SIP IETF; Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Paul 
>>> Kyzivat; Dan WING
>>> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Dean Willis wrote:
>>>> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might send to Alice?
>>>>
>>>> I've heard several alternatives:
>>>>
>>>> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
>>>>
>>>> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
>>>>
>>>> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
>>>>
>>>> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
>>>>
>>>> 5) tel:+445588675309
>>> The presence of user=phone and a valid E.164 number in the user part

>>> seems like a pretty strong hint so I wonder if the following might 
>>> work as a pragmatic, if not exactly elegant, way forward: allow 
>>> proxies and the UAC to treat cases 2 and 4 as if the URI is 
>>> equivalent to 5 in the sense that they can do ENUM query on the 
>>> E.164 number and they can even rewrite the domain part and expect 
>>> the URI to identify the same entity.
>>>
>>> This doesn't prevent a.com from recursing when really Alice's UA 
>>> would have liked to use another provider for gateway services but 
>>> then neither does using a tel: URI.
>>>
>>> We'd also want to start pushing support for tel:, of course.
>>>
>>> Thanks,
>>> Anders
>>>
>>>> So let's step through what these mean and why they each might not 
>>>> work. Keep in mind also that there's a very real possibility that 
>>>> Alice might nod NEED a gateway to reach Jenny; it's possible that 
>>>> Jenny's phone number is already in ENUM and is directly
>>> reachable via
>>>> SIP. But this only works if Alice knows to look it up that way.
>>>>
>>>> 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain
>>> of b.com.  
>>>> Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone
>>> destination,
>>>> Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for
>>> placing the
>>>> call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least 
>>>> provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.
>>>>
>>>> Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a 
>>>> contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it
>>> should discard
>>>> the host part and do phone number routing on the user part. 
>>> That works
>>>> until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. 
>>> Of course,
>>>> this is a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from 
>>>> retargeting a request with a b.com host part.
>>>>
>>>> 2) is much the same as 1, except that "user=phone" provides another

>>>> hint. B is no more likely to provide gateway services, but at least

>>>> least if A is going to do an illegal foreign retargeting, it has a 
>>>> broader hint that phone number routing instead of user routing is 
>>>> required.
>>>>
>>>> 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. 
>>> That's fine
>>>> as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does
>>> it? It might
>>>> route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a perfectly 
>>>> valid user ID.
>>>>
>>>> It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her
>>> PSTN calls.  
>>>> Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com services, or do an

>>>> enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.
>>>>
>>>> 4) is much like 3, with the added hint that a telephone-number 
>>>> destination is indicated. This might eliminate the
>>> accidental calling
>>>> of user +445588675309, but it does nothing to resolve the
>>> question of
>>>> Alice not using a.com services for PSTN gateways. There's
>>> also an open
>>>> issue as to whether PSTN routing (such as an ENUM lookup) can be 
>>>> applied, vs requiring the call to traverse a gateway.
>>>>
>>>> At the very best, a.com (or Alice's UA) knows to discard
>>> the host part
>>>> and do telephone routing on the user part. If Alice's UA does this,

>>>> it's probably a violation of RFC 3261, as the UA itself is not 
>>>> responsible for the host-part of the contact. A proxy in
>>> a.com could
>>>> do this translation. But what happens if Alice doesn't use
>>> a.com for
>>>> routing PSTN calls? For example, I might place SIP calls using 
>>>> "softarmor.com", but I make my PSTN calls using "sipphone.com", so 
>>>> a
>>>> 302 sent to me for "sip: 
>>> +445588675309@softarmor.com;user=phone" will
>>>> most assuredly fail.  Now, if the a.com proxy knew to translate the

>>>> call, that would be OK, but depending on the relationship between 
>>>> Alice and a.com, it might not.
>>>>
>>>> 5) doesn't work at all, because Alice's phone doesn't
>>> understand tel:  
>>>> URLs, since understanding of such was listed as a MAY in
>>> RFC 3261. But
>>>> it's the only suggestion from the set that doesn't require
>>> violating a
>>>> bunch of existing protocol rules.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's
>>> pretty low on
>>>>> the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting
>>> basic calls
>>>>> to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit
>>> higher on the
>>>>> list to me. :)
>>>> This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm
>>> really hoping
>>>> we get more and more interdomain calls.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>>> Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me
>>> to use Tel
>>>>>>> URI for this. I am just saying it may cause interop
>>> problems. Maybe
>>>>>>> that's ok, and maybe implementations will start implementing tel

>>>>>>> URI.
>>>>>> I've no doubt that there will be interop problems. That's what 
>>>>>> happens when you specify something that has previously been 
>>>>>> unspecified and left to whim or caprice.
>>>>> OK, but failing calls will not give it a high chance of being 
>>>>> adopted.  Maybe we can figure out how to get a sip: uri to work as

>>>>> well - there's more than one way to skin a cat, even with a potato

>>>>> peeler. ;)
>>>> Failing calls that don't work now isn't much of a handicap. 
>>>  Changing
>>>> the rules of RFC 3261 to make case 3 or 4 generally valid
>>> might also
>>>> work.
>>>>
>>>> Fundamentally, we need a documented solution that works in
>>> the general
>>>> case and doesn't conflict with MUST level rules of other
>>> RFCs we cite,
>>>> unless it supercedes those RFCs.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> Dean
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
>>>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
>>>> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>>
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use
sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use
sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
_______________________________________________
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Cc: SIP IETF <sip@ietf.org>, Dan WING <dwing@cisco.com>,
	Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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I think the idea is that if you provide a phone number, then
there are alternate ways to reach it than using the domain.

Not sure there is much we can do about this. It's a consequence
of having this type of dualing addressing spaces. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, April 16, 2008 15:39
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
> Cc: Anders Kristensen; Dean Willis; Hadriel Kaplan; SIP IETF; Dan WING
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> 
> 
> Francois Audet wrote:
> > That's kind of what I was also saying.
> > 
> > PS: what's the difference between 2 and 4? 
> 
> I think 4 is a typo and was presumably intended to be
> 
>     4) sip:+445588675309:a.com;user=phone
> 
> It is already the case that a.com may treat 3,4 & 5 alike if 
> it wishes.
> And b.com may treate 1,2 & 5 alike if it wishes.
> 
> The question is whether a.com may treat 1&2 like 5, or if 
> b.com may treat 3&4 like 5.
> 
> Apparently some are saying that user=phone is license to 
> ignore the domain. But that just raises the question of why 
> one would insert a domain along with a parameter that says to 
> ignore it. Makes no sense to me.
> 
> 	Paul
> 
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: Anders Kristensen [mailto:andersk@cisco.com]
> >> Sent: Wednesday, April 16, 2008 15:21
> >> To: Dean Willis
> >> Cc: Hadriel Kaplan; SIP IETF; Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Paul 
> >> Kyzivat; Dan WING
> >> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> Dean Willis wrote:
> >>> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might send 
> to Alice?
> >>>
> >>> I've heard several alternatives:
> >>>
> >>> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
> >>>
> >>> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
> >>>
> >>> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
> >>>
> >>> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
> >>>
> >>> 5) tel:+445588675309
> >> The presence of user=phone and a valid E.164 number in the 
> user part 
> >> seems like a pretty strong hint so I wonder if the following might 
> >> work as a pragmatic, if not exactly elegant, way forward: allow 
> >> proxies and the UAC to treat cases 2 and 4 as if the URI is 
> >> equivalent to 5 in the sense that they can do ENUM query 
> on the E.164 
> >> number and they can even rewrite the domain part and 
> expect the URI 
> >> to identify the same entity.
> >>
> >> This doesn't prevent a.com from recursing when really Alice's UA 
> >> would have liked to use another provider for gateway services but 
> >> then neither does using a tel: URI.
> >>
> >> We'd also want to start pushing support for tel:, of course.
> >>
> >> Thanks,
> >> Anders
> >>
> >>>
> >>> So let's step through what these mean and why they each might not 
> >>> work. Keep in mind also that there's a very real possibility that 
> >>> Alice might nod NEED a gateway to reach Jenny; it's possible that 
> >>> Jenny's phone number is already in ENUM and is directly
> >> reachable via
> >>> SIP. But this only works if Alice knows to look it up that way.
> >>>
> >>> 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain
> >> of b.com.  
> >>> Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone
> >> destination,
> >>> Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for
> >> placing the
> >>> call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least 
> >>> provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.
> >>>
> >>> Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a 
> >>> contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it
> >> should discard
> >>> the host part and do phone number routing on the user part. 
> >> That works
> >>> until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. 
> >> Of course,
> >>> this is a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from 
> >>> retargeting a request with a b.com host part.
> >>>
> >>> 2) is much the same as 1, except that "user=phone" 
> provides another 
> >>> hint. B is no more likely to provide gateway services, 
> but at least 
> >>> least if A is going to do an illegal foreign retargeting, 
> it has a 
> >>> broader hint that phone number routing instead of user routing is 
> >>> required.
> >>>
> >>> 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. 
> >> That's fine
> >>> as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does
> >> it? It might
> >>> route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a 
> perfectly 
> >>> valid user ID.
> >>>
> >>> It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her
> >> PSTN calls.  
> >>> Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com 
> services, or do an 
> >>> enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.
> >>>
> >>> 4) is much like 3, with the added hint that a telephone-number 
> >>> destination is indicated. This might eliminate the
> >> accidental calling
> >>> of user +445588675309, but it does nothing to resolve the
> >> question of
> >>> Alice not using a.com services for PSTN gateways. There's
> >> also an open
> >>> issue as to whether PSTN routing (such as an ENUM lookup) can be 
> >>> applied, vs requiring the call to traverse a gateway.
> >>>
> >>> At the very best, a.com (or Alice's UA) knows to discard
> >> the host part
> >>> and do telephone routing on the user part. If Alice's UA 
> does this, 
> >>> it's probably a violation of RFC 3261, as the UA itself is not 
> >>> responsible for the host-part of the contact. A proxy in
> >> a.com could
> >>> do this translation. But what happens if Alice doesn't use
> >> a.com for
> >>> routing PSTN calls? For example, I might place SIP calls using 
> >>> "softarmor.com", but I make my PSTN calls using 
> "sipphone.com", so a
> >>> 302 sent to me for "sip: 
> >> +445588675309@softarmor.com;user=phone" will
> >>> most assuredly fail.  Now, if the a.com proxy knew to 
> translate the 
> >>> call, that would be OK, but depending on the relationship between 
> >>> Alice and a.com, it might not.
> >>>
> >>> 5) doesn't work at all, because Alice's phone doesn't
> >> understand tel:  
> >>> URLs, since understanding of such was listed as a MAY in
> >> RFC 3261. But
> >>> it's the only suggestion from the set that doesn't require
> >> violating a
> >>> bunch of existing protocol rules.
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's
> >> pretty low on
> >>>> the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting
> >> basic calls
> >>>> to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit
> >> higher on the
> >>>> list to me. :)
> >>> This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm
> >> really hoping
> >>> we get more and more interdomain calls.
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>>
> >>>>>> Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me
> >> to use Tel
> >>>>>> URI for this. I am just saying it may cause interop
> >> problems. Maybe
> >>>>>> that's ok, and maybe implementations will start 
> implementing tel 
> >>>>>> URI.
> >>>>> I've no doubt that there will be interop problems. That's what 
> >>>>> happens when you specify something that has previously been 
> >>>>> unspecified and left to whim or caprice.
> >>>> OK, but failing calls will not give it a high chance of being 
> >>>> adopted.  Maybe we can figure out how to get a sip: uri 
> to work as 
> >>>> well - there's more than one way to skin a cat, even 
> with a potato 
> >>>> peeler. ;)
> >>> Failing calls that don't work now isn't much of a handicap. 
> >>  Changing
> >>> the rules of RFC 3261 to make case 3 or 4 generally valid
> >> might also
> >>> work.
> >>>
> >>> Fundamentally, we need a documented solution that works in
> >> the general
> >>> case and doesn't conflict with MUST level rules of other
> >> RFCs we cite,
> >>> unless it supercedes those RFCs.
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> --
> >>> Dean
> >>> _______________________________________________
> >>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> >>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> >>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> >>> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> >>>
> > 
> 
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
Cc: SIP IETF <sip@ietf.org>, Dan WING <dwing@cisco.com>,
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This is starting to smell like BCP material actually. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, April 16, 2008 16:04
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
> Cc: SIP IETF; Dan WING; Dean Willis
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> replying to myself - another thought:
> 
> Paul Kyzivat wrote:
> > 
> > Francois Audet wrote:
> >> That's kind of what I was also saying.
> >>
> >> PS: what's the difference between 2 and 4? 
> > 
> > I think 4 is a typo and was presumably intended to be
> > 
> >     4) sip:+445588675309:a.com;user=phone
> > 
> > It is already the case that a.com may treat 3,4 & 5 alike 
> if it wishes.
> > And b.com may treate 1,2 & 5 alike if it wishes.
> > 
> > The question is whether a.com may treat 1&2 like 5, or if b.com may 
> > treat 3&4 like 5.
> > 
> > Apparently some are saying that user=phone is license to ignore the 
> > domain. But that just raises the question of why one would insert a 
> > domain along with a parameter that says to ignore it. Makes 
> no sense to me.
> 
> This would make *some* sense to me if the semantics were:
> 
> 1) you MAY route to this domain following 3263 procedures 
> with expectation that it will work.
> 
> 2) if you are unable to do that (say because you don't have a 
> sip path at all, or don't have a path to the domain in the 
> URI) then you may treat it as a tel URI and route it any way 
> that works for you.
> 
> But it seems that in many of the use cases that have been 
> presented in this thread it is actually the case that if the 
> recipient routes to the domain in the URI the request *won't* 
> work. That makes absolutely no sense to me. In that case TEL 
> seems clearly the right way.
> 
> Now Hadriel has made a case that it is the SBC's job to fix 
> this up. So when the URL exits the domain in which it will 
> work, then the SBC should fix it up with the domain it is 
> going into. I guess that could make sense if that SBC was 
> acting as an agent of *both* domains. But typically it is 
> only acting as an agent of one domain. An SBC acting for 
> b.com has no business changing the domain of the URL to 
> a.com, since doing so is (or isn't) a policy of a.com.
> 
> A way around that is to say that if the URI contains b.com, 
> then an SBC acting for b.com, when it knows it won't honor 
> that, can change it to a TEL URI when it exits the domain. It 
> then may well go through another SBC acting for a.com as it 
> enters the a.com domain. That SBC could change the TEL URI to 
> an a.com URI if that will be handled correctly within the 
> a.com domain.
> 
> 	Paul
> 
> > 	Paul
> > 
> >>> -----Original Message-----
> >>> From: Anders Kristensen [mailto:andersk@cisco.com]
> >>> Sent: Wednesday, April 16, 2008 15:21
> >>> To: Dean Willis
> >>> Cc: Hadriel Kaplan; SIP IETF; Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Paul 
> >>> Kyzivat; Dan WING
> >>> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> Dean Willis wrote:
> >>>> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might 
> send to Alice?
> >>>>
> >>>> I've heard several alternatives:
> >>>>
> >>>> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
> >>>>
> >>>> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
> >>>>
> >>>> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
> >>>>
> >>>> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
> >>>>
> >>>> 5) tel:+445588675309
> >>> The presence of user=phone and a valid E.164 number in 
> the user part 
> >>> seems like a pretty strong hint so I wonder if the 
> following might 
> >>> work as a pragmatic, if not exactly elegant, way forward: allow 
> >>> proxies and the UAC to treat cases 2 and 4 as if the URI is 
> >>> equivalent to 5 in the sense that they can do ENUM query on the 
> >>> E.164 number and they can even rewrite the domain part and expect 
> >>> the URI to identify the same entity.
> >>>
> >>> This doesn't prevent a.com from recursing when really Alice's UA 
> >>> would have liked to use another provider for gateway services but 
> >>> then neither does using a tel: URI.
> >>>
> >>> We'd also want to start pushing support for tel:, of course.
> >>>
> >>> Thanks,
> >>> Anders
> >>>
> >>>> So let's step through what these mean and why they each 
> might not 
> >>>> work. Keep in mind also that there's a very real 
> possibility that 
> >>>> Alice might nod NEED a gateway to reach Jenny; it's 
> possible that 
> >>>> Jenny's phone number is already in ENUM and is directly
> >>> reachable via
> >>>> SIP. But this only works if Alice knows to look it up that way.
> >>>>
> >>>> 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain
> >>> of b.com.  
> >>>> Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone
> >>> destination,
> >>>> Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for
> >>> placing the
> >>>> call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least 
> >>>> provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.
> >>>>
> >>>> Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a 
> >>>> contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it
> >>> should discard
> >>>> the host part and do phone number routing on the user part. 
> >>> That works
> >>>> until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. 
> >>> Of course,
> >>>> this is a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from 
> >>>> retargeting a request with a b.com host part.
> >>>>
> >>>> 2) is much the same as 1, except that "user=phone" 
> provides another 
> >>>> hint. B is no more likely to provide gateway services, 
> but at least 
> >>>> least if A is going to do an illegal foreign 
> retargeting, it has a 
> >>>> broader hint that phone number routing instead of user 
> routing is 
> >>>> required.
> >>>>
> >>>> 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. 
> >>> That's fine
> >>>> as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does
> >>> it? It might
> >>>> route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a 
> perfectly 
> >>>> valid user ID.
> >>>>
> >>>> It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her
> >>> PSTN calls.  
> >>>> Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com 
> services, or do an 
> >>>> enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.
> >>>>
> >>>> 4) is much like 3, with the added hint that a telephone-number 
> >>>> destination is indicated. This might eliminate the
> >>> accidental calling
> >>>> of user +445588675309, but it does nothing to resolve the
> >>> question of
> >>>> Alice not using a.com services for PSTN gateways. There's
> >>> also an open
> >>>> issue as to whether PSTN routing (such as an ENUM lookup) can be 
> >>>> applied, vs requiring the call to traverse a gateway.
> >>>>
> >>>> At the very best, a.com (or Alice's UA) knows to discard
> >>> the host part
> >>>> and do telephone routing on the user part. If Alice's UA 
> does this, 
> >>>> it's probably a violation of RFC 3261, as the UA itself is not 
> >>>> responsible for the host-part of the contact. A proxy in
> >>> a.com could
> >>>> do this translation. But what happens if Alice doesn't use
> >>> a.com for
> >>>> routing PSTN calls? For example, I might place SIP calls using 
> >>>> "softarmor.com", but I make my PSTN calls using 
> "sipphone.com", so 
> >>>> a
> >>>> 302 sent to me for "sip: 
> >>> +445588675309@softarmor.com;user=phone" will
> >>>> most assuredly fail.  Now, if the a.com proxy knew to 
> translate the 
> >>>> call, that would be OK, but depending on the 
> relationship between 
> >>>> Alice and a.com, it might not.
> >>>>
> >>>> 5) doesn't work at all, because Alice's phone doesn't
> >>> understand tel:  
> >>>> URLs, since understanding of such was listed as a MAY in
> >>> RFC 3261. But
> >>>> it's the only suggestion from the set that doesn't require
> >>> violating a
> >>>> bunch of existing protocol rules.
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's
> >>> pretty low on
> >>>>> the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting
> >>> basic calls
> >>>>> to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit
> >>> higher on the
> >>>>> list to me. :)
> >>>> This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm
> >>> really hoping
> >>>> we get more and more interdomain calls.
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>>>> Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me
> >>> to use Tel
> >>>>>>> URI for this. I am just saying it may cause interop
> >>> problems. Maybe
> >>>>>>> that's ok, and maybe implementations will start 
> implementing tel 
> >>>>>>> URI.
> >>>>>> I've no doubt that there will be interop problems. That's what 
> >>>>>> happens when you specify something that has previously been 
> >>>>>> unspecified and left to whim or caprice.
> >>>>> OK, but failing calls will not give it a high chance of being 
> >>>>> adopted.  Maybe we can figure out how to get a sip: uri 
> to work as 
> >>>>> well - there's more than one way to skin a cat, even 
> with a potato 
> >>>>> peeler. ;)
> >>>> Failing calls that don't work now isn't much of a handicap. 
> >>>  Changing
> >>>> the rules of RFC 3261 to make case 3 or 4 generally valid
> >>> might also
> >>>> work.
> >>>>
> >>>> Fundamentally, we need a documented solution that works in
> >>> the general
> >>>> case and doesn't conflict with MUST level rules of other
> >>> RFCs we cite,
> >>>> unless it supercedes those RFCs.
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>> --
> >>>> Dean
> >>>> _______________________________________________
> >>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> >>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> >>>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on 
> current sip Use 
> >>>> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> >>>>
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
> > sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> > 
> 
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr 16 18:59:32 2008
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On Apr 16, 2008, at 5:24 PM, Francois Audet wrote:
> That's kind of what I was also saying.
>
> PS: what's the difference between 2 and 4?
>

the difference is a typo on my part.

Should be:


1) sip:+445588675309@b.com

2) sip:+445588675309@b.com; user=phone

3) sip:+445588675309@a.com

4) sip:+445588675309@a.com;user=phone

5) tel:+445588675309

so the difference between 2 and 4 is the domain part of the Contact:  
header field's URI value in the 302.

First case is that the constructed URI is in the terminating domain,  
which works only if the terminating domain is willing to provide PSTN  
service to Alice. This is just a business case problem -- which, IMHO,  
makes it intractable in some cases. Sure, most of the cases we see  
today have Alice and Bob in the same domain, so it works fine  
intradomain.

Second case is that the constructed URI is in the originating domain,  
which works only if a) it guesses the URI construction correctly, and  
b) Alice has access to the PSTN through that domain.  Both A and B can  
be mediated by Alice or the a.com proxy "understanding" what this sort  
of response means and then figuring it how to transform the URI to  
something they can route. If Alice doesn't use a.com for PSTN service  
and the a.com proxy recurses, it is certain to fail -- but that's  
between Alice and a.com.

One might make the argument that a UA or recursing proxy should "know"  
that if it sees a 302 Contact URI with a domain part equal to that of  
the sender's and a "user=phone" modifier, that a redirection to PSTN  
has been requested.

It;s been proposed that we use #5: if tel: is known to be supported,  
and #4 if it isn't. That's actually quite doable by adding a SIP  
extension tag for "tel" to the Supported field of the request.

How about: A node generating a redirect-to-PSTN in the caller's domain  
MUST use a tel: URI if the request contains a "tel" option tag, and  
SHOULD use a "number@sourcedomain;user=phone" construction if the  
request does not contain such a tag.

--
Dean, who cannot type.
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On Apr 16, 2008, at 6:35 PM, Robins, Ellen wrote:
> Hi everyone,
> On the subject of E.164 discussion is there a universal preffix or  
> list
> of registered preffixes to signify VoIP call.
> For example, the same E.164 Mobile or PSTN services numbers can be  
> used
> for dialling Video or Voice Call over IP.
> Scenario: Alice has her Mobile service number but would like to  
> receive
> a call instead of Mobile on her PC SIP Soft Client.
> Are there a preffix XYZ that would indicates to network that this call
> shall be routed via Gateway to IP Client instead of Mobile ?



No, there is to my knowledge no such prefix.

In fact, such an approach is contraindicated by use cases:

One might envision a dual-mode phone that registers the same number  
concurrently via mobile protocols and SIP.

Callers from the mobile or PSTN world would probably reach it via  
mobile, and callers from the Internet would reach it via SIP. But even  
that isn't cut-and-dried, since a phone-switch or pbx somewhere on the  
route between a mobile caller and the dual-mode phone might do a least- 
cost path determination and decide to gateway the call to SIP for the  
remainder of the path. Even more confusingly, there are scenarios  
where several such translations might occur.

--
Dean
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Cc: SIP IETF <sip@ietf.org>, Dan WING <dwing@cisco.com>,
	Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Francois,

I agree much of what I wrote below does sound like a candidate for a 
BCP. But I think it is still a bit premature to write one. At the moment 
I think it is just use cases we are playing with to explore the solution 
space.

	Paul

Francois Audet wrote:
> This is starting to smell like BCP material actually. 
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com] 
>> Sent: Wednesday, April 16, 2008 16:04
>> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
>> Cc: SIP IETF; Dan WING; Dean Willis
>> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>>
>> replying to myself - another thought:
>>
>> Paul Kyzivat wrote:
>>> Francois Audet wrote:
>>>> That's kind of what I was also saying.
>>>>
>>>> PS: what's the difference between 2 and 4? 
>>> I think 4 is a typo and was presumably intended to be
>>>
>>>     4) sip:+445588675309:a.com;user=phone
>>>
>>> It is already the case that a.com may treat 3,4 & 5 alike 
>> if it wishes.
>>> And b.com may treate 1,2 & 5 alike if it wishes.
>>>
>>> The question is whether a.com may treat 1&2 like 5, or if b.com may 
>>> treat 3&4 like 5.
>>>
>>> Apparently some are saying that user=phone is license to ignore the 
>>> domain. But that just raises the question of why one would insert a 
>>> domain along with a parameter that says to ignore it. Makes 
>> no sense to me.
>>
>> This would make *some* sense to me if the semantics were:
>>
>> 1) you MAY route to this domain following 3263 procedures 
>> with expectation that it will work.
>>
>> 2) if you are unable to do that (say because you don't have a 
>> sip path at all, or don't have a path to the domain in the 
>> URI) then you may treat it as a tel URI and route it any way 
>> that works for you.
>>
>> But it seems that in many of the use cases that have been 
>> presented in this thread it is actually the case that if the 
>> recipient routes to the domain in the URI the request *won't* 
>> work. That makes absolutely no sense to me. In that case TEL 
>> seems clearly the right way.
>>
>> Now Hadriel has made a case that it is the SBC's job to fix 
>> this up. So when the URL exits the domain in which it will 
>> work, then the SBC should fix it up with the domain it is 
>> going into. I guess that could make sense if that SBC was 
>> acting as an agent of *both* domains. But typically it is 
>> only acting as an agent of one domain. An SBC acting for 
>> b.com has no business changing the domain of the URL to 
>> a.com, since doing so is (or isn't) a policy of a.com.
>>
>> A way around that is to say that if the URI contains b.com, 
>> then an SBC acting for b.com, when it knows it won't honor 
>> that, can change it to a TEL URI when it exits the domain. It 
>> then may well go through another SBC acting for a.com as it 
>> enters the a.com domain. That SBC could change the TEL URI to 
>> an a.com URI if that will be handled correctly within the 
>> a.com domain.
>>
>> 	Paul
>>
>>> 	Paul
>>>
>>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>>> From: Anders Kristensen [mailto:andersk@cisco.com]
>>>>> Sent: Wednesday, April 16, 2008 15:21
>>>>> To: Dean Willis
>>>>> Cc: Hadriel Kaplan; SIP IETF; Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); Paul 
>>>>> Kyzivat; Dan WING
>>>>> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Dean Willis wrote:
>>>>>> What does Bob put into the Contact of a 302 he might 
>> send to Alice?
>>>>>> I've heard several alternatives:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 1) sip:+445588675309:b.com
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 2) sip:+445588675309:b.com; user=phone
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 3) sip:+445588675309:a.com
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 4) sip:+445588675309:b.com;user=phone
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 5) tel:+445588675309
>>>>> The presence of user=phone and a valid E.164 number in 
>> the user part 
>>>>> seems like a pretty strong hint so I wonder if the 
>> following might 
>>>>> work as a pragmatic, if not exactly elegant, way forward: allow 
>>>>> proxies and the UAC to treat cases 2 and 4 as if the URI is 
>>>>> equivalent to 5 in the sense that they can do ENUM query on the 
>>>>> E.164 number and they can even rewrite the domain part and expect 
>>>>> the URI to identify the same entity.
>>>>>
>>>>> This doesn't prevent a.com from recursing when really Alice's UA 
>>>>> would have liked to use another provider for gateway services but 
>>>>> then neither does using a tel: URI.
>>>>>
>>>>> We'd also want to start pushing support for tel:, of course.
>>>>>
>>>>> Thanks,
>>>>> Anders
>>>>>
>>>>>> So let's step through what these mean and why they each 
>> might not 
>>>>>> work. Keep in mind also that there's a very real 
>> possibility that 
>>>>>> Alice might nod NEED a gateway to reach Jenny; it's 
>> possible that 
>>>>>> Jenny's phone number is already in ENUM and is directly
>>>>> reachable via
>>>>>> SIP. But this only works if Alice knows to look it up that way.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 1) causes Alice to make a call to a user ID in the domain
>>>>> of b.com.  
>>>>>> Assuming that b figures out that this means a telephone
>>>>> destination,
>>>>>> Alice probably doesn't have an account at b.com to use for
>>>>> placing the
>>>>>> call. So unless B provides free SIP-to-PSTN calling, or at least 
>>>>>> provides free translation service to ENUM, she's out of luck.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Of course, maybe a.com knows that when it gets a 302 back with a 
>>>>>> contact that looks like it might be a phone number, it
>>>>> should discard
>>>>>> the host part and do phone number routing on the user part. 
>>>>> That works
>>>>>> until a.com also has user IDs that look like phone numbers. 
>>>>> Of course,
>>>>>> this is a direct violation of RFC 3261, which bans a.com from 
>>>>>> retargeting a request with a b.com host part.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 2) is much the same as 1, except that "user=phone" 
>> provides another 
>>>>>> hint. B is no more likely to provide gateway services, 
>> but at least 
>>>>>> least if A is going to do an illegal foreign 
>> retargeting, it has a 
>>>>>> broader hint that phone number routing instead of user 
>> routing is 
>>>>>> required.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 3) instructs alice to make a call in the domain of a.com. 
>>>>> That's fine
>>>>>> as long as sip:+445588675309:a.com routes to Jenny. Does
>>>>> it? It might
>>>>>> route to somebody with user ID +445588675309, which is a 
>> perfectly 
>>>>>> valid user ID.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> It might also be true that Alice doesn't use a.com for her
>>>>> PSTN calls.  
>>>>>> Perhaps instead, she uses c.com. So to use c.com 
>> services, or do an 
>>>>>> enum lookup, she has to do an illegal retargeting.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 4) is much like 3, with the added hint that a telephone-number 
>>>>>> destination is indicated. This might eliminate the
>>>>> accidental calling
>>>>>> of user +445588675309, but it does nothing to resolve the
>>>>> question of
>>>>>> Alice not using a.com services for PSTN gateways. There's
>>>>> also an open
>>>>>> issue as to whether PSTN routing (such as an ENUM lookup) can be 
>>>>>> applied, vs requiring the call to traverse a gateway.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> At the very best, a.com (or Alice's UA) knows to discard
>>>>> the host part
>>>>>> and do telephone routing on the user part. If Alice's UA 
>> does this, 
>>>>>> it's probably a violation of RFC 3261, as the UA itself is not 
>>>>>> responsible for the host-part of the contact. A proxy in
>>>>> a.com could
>>>>>> do this translation. But what happens if Alice doesn't use
>>>>> a.com for
>>>>>> routing PSTN calls? For example, I might place SIP calls using 
>>>>>> "softarmor.com", but I make my PSTN calls using 
>> "sipphone.com", so 
>>>>>> a
>>>>>> 302 sent to me for "sip: 
>>>>> +445588675309@softarmor.com;user=phone" will
>>>>>> most assuredly fail.  Now, if the a.com proxy knew to 
>> translate the 
>>>>>> call, that would be OK, but depending on the 
>> relationship between 
>>>>>> Alice and a.com, it might not.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 5) doesn't work at all, because Alice's phone doesn't
>>>>> understand tel:  
>>>>>> URLs, since understanding of such was listed as a MAY in
>>>>> RFC 3261. But
>>>>>> it's the only suggestion from the set that doesn't require
>>>>> violating a
>>>>>> bunch of existing protocol rules.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Really, in the long list of interop issues, this one's
>>>>> pretty low on
>>>>>>> the totem pole, imho.  People are having trouble getting
>>>>> basic calls
>>>>>>> to work without the aid of a middle-box.  That's a bit
>>>>> higher on the
>>>>>>> list to me. :)
>>>>>> This is a very basic interdomain calling scenario. I'm
>>>>> really hoping
>>>>>> we get more and more interdomain calls.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Again, don't shoot the messenger: it makes sense to me
>>>>> to use Tel
>>>>>>>>> URI for this. I am just saying it may cause interop
>>>>> problems. Maybe
>>>>>>>>> that's ok, and maybe implementations will start 
>> implementing tel 
>>>>>>>>> URI.
>>>>>>>> I've no doubt that there will be interop problems. That's what 
>>>>>>>> happens when you specify something that has previously been 
>>>>>>>> unspecified and left to whim or caprice.
>>>>>>> OK, but failing calls will not give it a high chance of being 
>>>>>>> adopted.  Maybe we can figure out how to get a sip: uri 
>> to work as 
>>>>>>> well - there's more than one way to skin a cat, even 
>> with a potato 
>>>>>>> peeler. ;)
>>>>>> Failing calls that don't work now isn't much of a handicap. 
>>>>>  Changing
>>>>>> the rules of RFC 3261 to make case 3 or 4 generally valid
>>>>> might also
>>>>>> work.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Fundamentally, we need a documented solution that works in
>>>>> the general
>>>>>> case and doesn't conflict with MUST level rules of other
>>>>> RFCs we cite,
>>>>>> unless it supercedes those RFCs.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> --
>>>>>> Dean
>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>>>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
>>>>>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on 
>> current sip Use 
>>>>>> sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol Use 
>>> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use 
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>>>
> 
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Paul
> Kyzivat
>
> Now Hadriel has made a case that it is the SBC's job to fix this up.

Hmm... I don't seem to recall saying that at all!  Something has to do it, but it by no means has to be an SBC.  It could, for example, be the same proxy that decided it could not resolve it locally and to pass the 302 upstream.


> So
> when the URL exits the domain in which it will work, then the SBC should
> fix it up with the domain it is going into. I guess that could make
> sense if that SBC was acting as an agent of *both* domains. But
> typically it is only acting as an agent of one domain. An SBC acting for
> b.com has no business changing the domain of the URL to a.com, since
> doing so is (or isn't) a policy of a.com.

On the contrary, one could argue a.com has no business changing b.com's domain to a.com, but I see nothing wrong with b.com changing the domain to a.com.  Don't get me wrong - the whole thing sucks, but from a "who's business is it" perspective I think it's b.com's.  Otherwise you're essentially arguing that b.com cannot retarget requests to a.com either.  What's "wrong" is for a.com to retarget requests addressed to b.com to itself instead.


> A way around that is to say that if the URI contains b.com, then an SBC
> acting for b.com, when it knows it won't honor that, can change it to a
> TEL URI when it exits the domain. It then may well go through another
> SBC acting for a.com as it enters the a.com domain. That SBC could
> change the TEL URI to an a.com URI if that will be handled correctly
> within the a.com domain.

Funny enough I've seen a case where that exactly happens.  It seemed crazy to me though.

-hadriel
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From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Dean Willis writes:

 > Callers from the mobile or PSTN world would probably reach it via  
 > mobile, and callers from the Internet would reach it via SIP. 

a civilized mobile operator would, before routing the call anywhere,
make an enum query and act accordingly.

-- juha
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Paul
>> Kyzivat
>>
>> Now Hadriel has made a case that it is the SBC's job to fix this up.
> 
> Hmm... I don't seem to recall saying that at all!  Something has to do it, but it by no means has to be an SBC.  It could, for example, be the same proxy that decided it could not resolve it locally and to pass the 302 upstream.

OK, *something* has to do it.
In *some* cases a proxy could do it. But in many cases only a UA is 
allowed to do it. For instance changing the From URI. If we are arguing 
that some middlebox is supposed to make this problem go away generally, 
then it will have to be a middlebox that is a UA, hence a B2BUA. Ones 
that perform that sort of role are generally called SBCs.

>> So
>> when the URL exits the domain in which it will work, then the SBC should
>> fix it up with the domain it is going into. I guess that could make
>> sense if that SBC was acting as an agent of *both* domains. But
>> typically it is only acting as an agent of one domain. An SBC acting for
>> b.com has no business changing the domain of the URL to a.com, since
>> doing so is (or isn't) a policy of a.com.
> 
> On the contrary, one could argue a.com has no business changing b.com's domain to a.com, but I see nothing wrong with b.com changing the domain to a.com.  Don't get me wrong - the whole thing sucks, but from a "who's business is it" perspective I think it's b.com's.  Otherwise you're essentially arguing that b.com cannot retarget requests to a.com either.  What's "wrong" is for a.com to retarget requests addressed to b.com to itself instead.

Maybe I need to state my point better.
Depending on the type of box and the header that is being modified, a 
box acting for b.com may indeed be permitted to replace a b.com URL with 
some other URL, even an a.com URL. (In fact it doesn't matter what the 
domains of the two urls are, it may be able to do it.)

What is a problem is for b.com to *fabricate* an a.com URL to insert.
b.com in in general not privy to the policies governing the construction 
of urls in the a.com domain, and so has no business constructing one.

And that is what is happening if b.com "changes the domain to a.com" in 
the URL.

>> A way around that is to say that if the URI contains b.com, then an SBC
>> acting for b.com, when it knows it won't honor that, can change it to a
>> TEL URI when it exits the domain. It then may well go through another
>> SBC acting for a.com as it enters the a.com domain. That SBC could
>> change the TEL URI to an a.com URI if that will be handled correctly
>> within the a.com domain.
> 
> Funny enough I've seen a case where that exactly happens.  It seemed crazy to me though.

Its not at all crazy.

What it means is that b.com is converting one of its own URLs, whose 
semantics it understands, into a url with standardized semantics. Then 
a.com is converting a url with standardized semantics into a url in the 
a.com domain, whose semantics *it* understands.

The alternative is to declare any sip URI with user=phone has 
standardized semantics, and that all domains must support that form. Or, 
every box making the conversion must understand the policies of both sides.

It seems that most are now agreeing that tel URIs would be the right way 
to exchange phone numbers, but are concerned with backward compatibility 
to all those devices that purportedly don't support them. The migration 
is eased of we assume that SBCs (which seem to be everywhere anyway) can 
do the fixup for those that don't support it. And over time the fixups 
could be eliminated.

	Paul
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
>
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >
> >> A way around that is to say that if the URI contains b.com, then an SBC
> >> acting for b.com, when it knows it won't honor that, can change it to a
> >> TEL URI when it exits the domain. It then may well go through another
> >> SBC acting for a.com as it enters the a.com domain. That SBC could
> >> change the TEL URI to an a.com URI if that will be handled correctly
> >> within the a.com domain.
> >
> > Funny enough I've seen a case where that exactly happens.  It seemed
> > crazy to me though.
>
> Its not at all crazy.

Sorry, I should have been clearer - it seemed crazy to me because the two SBC's were connected with a direct fiber, and all responses upstream from b.com were going nowhere but a.com.  :)

-hadriel
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com]
>>
>> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>>> A way around that is to say that if the URI contains b.com, then an SBC
>>>> acting for b.com, when it knows it won't honor that, can change it to a
>>>> TEL URI when it exits the domain. It then may well go through another
>>>> SBC acting for a.com as it enters the a.com domain. That SBC could
>>>> change the TEL URI to an a.com URI if that will be handled correctly
>>>> within the a.com domain.
>>> Funny enough I've seen a case where that exactly happens.  It seemed
>>> crazy to me though.
>> Its not at all crazy.
> 
> Sorry, I should have been clearer - it seemed crazy to me because the two SBC's were connected with a direct fiber, and all responses upstream from b.com were going nowhere but a.com.  :)

If the fiber was a trunk connecting two peers then I don't think it is 
crazy. It seems preferable to hard coding the peer's policy.

	Paul
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Dean Willis wrote:
> It;s been proposed that we use #5: if tel: is known to be supported, and 
> #4 if it isn't. That's actually quite doable by adding a SIP extension 
> tag for "tel" to the Supported field of the request.
> 
> How about: A node generating a redirect-to-PSTN in the caller's domain 
> MUST use a tel: URI if the request contains a "tel" option tag, and 
> SHOULD use a "number@sourcedomain;user=phone" construction if the 
> request does not contain such a tag.

Proxies can't muck with Supported headers so I'm not sure how this helps 
if it's a proxy in the caller's domain (as opposed to the UAC itself) 
that understands and acts on tel: URIs.

Anders
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On Apr 17, 2008, at 7:27 PM, Anders Kristensen wrote:

>
>
> Dean Willis wrote:
>> It;s been proposed that we use #5: if tel: is known to be  
>> supported, and #4 if it isn't. That's actually quite doable by  
>> adding a SIP extension tag for "tel" to the Supported field of the  
>> request.
>> How about: A node generating a redirect-to-PSTN in the caller's  
>> domain MUST use a tel: URI if the request contains a "tel" option  
>> tag, and SHOULD use a "number@sourcedomain;user=phone" construction  
>> if the request does not contain such a tag.
>
> Proxies can't muck with Supported headers so I'm not sure how this  
> helps if it's a proxy in the caller's domain (as opposed to the UAC  
> itself) that understands and acts on tel: URIs.



So assume the UAC does not support "tel" and the UAS's domain is not  
going to pay to send the call to the PSTN -- the redirecting node ends  
up doing what it would do now, which is assume that tel isn't  
supported, and make its best SIP guess at a SIP rewrite in the UAC's  
domain.

Proxies that recurse on 302 responses should be taken out and burned  
anyhow. It's just a tragically stupid thing to do in most cases. In  
the scenarios we're talking about, which probably involve a transition  
from a "no charge" IP call to a potentially very expensive (like, up  
to $25 a minute for some premium services) PSTN call, the user REALLY  
needs to be able to make a decision.

So the limitation you've noted doesn't bother me at all.

--
Dean
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Subject: Re: [Sip] What 4474 signs part-2 [was: Proposal to Revise RFC 4474]
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Hadriel Kaplan
> Sent: 16 April 2008 06:20
> To: Cullen Jennings; Dean Willis
> Cc: SIP IETF; jon.peterson@neustar.biz
> Subject: [Sip] What 4474 signs part-2 [was: Proposal to 
> Revise RFC 4474]
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of
> > Cullen Jennings
> >
> > Based on the discussion I've seen so far, the primary use case for
> > this modification is to allow the SBC to do media steering so it can
> > steer the RTP through a path that provides better QoS. As you say,
> > this could be achieved by modifying the SDP and changing RFC 4474 to
> > allow that, but there are probably some other approaches we 
> should be
> > considering as well, including ones that may need to be done outside
> > of SIP. If there's consensus that this is the problem
> > that needs solving, then I'll get with the SIP, SIPPING, and MMUSIC
> > chairs and figure out a process for how to evaluate the various
> > options and get this moving forward. If this isn't
> > the primary use case, then I think we probably need some more
> > discussion to get a clearer idea of what the problem is.
> 
> Part 2 of this series: Signing the Contact URI.
> 
> I believe 4474 signs the Contact URI to prevent malicious 
> attackers from intercepting a signed request and replacing 
> the Contact in order to receive all later requests/responses. 
>  Or at least that's how I read rfc4474's reason for it:
> 
>    The Contact header field is included to tie the Identity 
> header to a
>    particular user agent instance that generated the request.  Were an
>    active attacker to intercept a request containing an 
> Identity header,
>    and cut-and-paste the Identity header field into its own request
>    (reusing the From, To, Contact, Date, and Call-ID fields 
> that appear
>    in the original message), the attacker would not be eligible to
>    receive SIP requests from the called user agent, since 
> those requests
>    are routed to the URI identified in the Contact header field.
>    However, the Contact header is only included in dialog-forming
>    requests, so it does not provide this protection in all cases.
> 
> While I appreciate the desire, I don't see how signing the 
> Contact actually accomplishes this goal in many cases.  A 
> malicious attacker can easily insert Via and Record-Route 
> headers, to get any subsequent in-dialog requests/responses.  
> This is in fact what the non-MitM baiting attack described in 
> draft-kaplan-sip-baiting-attack-02 does.
> 
> But there is potential for a Contact URI to be used for 
> out-of-dialog requests, for example in later REFERs and 
> certain Conference applications, which is what triggered the 
> need for GRUU's.  In that sense signing it may be valuable.  
> Unfortunately that contradicts the goals of certain 
> middle-boxes, and figuring out if those middle-boxes are 
> changing it for malicious vs. legitimate reasons is an 
> impossible task.
> 
> Note that not signing the contact does not hurt the strength 
> of the signed request directly (because the Record-Route 
> issue already weakened that), but hurts the validity of the 
> Contact for use in future out-of-dialog requests from the 
> UAS.  The question then is what exactly is harmed if a 
> malicious attacker inserts itself in the Contact for such 
> use-cases.  If a later REFER or conference INVITE is sent to 
> the attacker instead of the correct UA, it will only succeed 
> in transferring or joining the call if it actually reaches 
> the right UA.  Certainly the attacker could pretend to be the 
> correct UA, and thus either perform full impersonation, or 
> simply view SIP signaling which it otherwise might not get to.
> 
> However this form of attack is far less likely and less 
> fruitful than those available to attackers by simply 
> inserting Record-Routes as done in the baiting attack for the 
> original request, and can be detected by RFC4916-type 
> upstream signing in response to the REFER or conference INVITE.
> 
> Therefore, I propose a straw-man:
> Allow the authenticating signer and/or the UAC to choose 
> whether to sign the Contact URI, by having it add an 
> Identity-Info param such as "no=contact".  The inclusion of 
> this param means the signature does not include the Contact 
> addr-spec.  The Identity-Info header is itself not signed, 
> but that won't matter because if an attacker adds this but 
> the signature did include the contact, it will invalidate the 
> signature, and vice-versa if an attacker removes it.  This 
> weakens things as described earlier, but it's up to the 
> originator to decide if they're ok with that. (A 
> better-than-nothing approach)
> 
> Regardless, I suggest we strongly recommend in any update to 
> RFC 4474 that GRUU's be used for signed Contact URI's.  When 
> the Contact is a GRUU using the domain name instead of the 
> UAC's host address, there is less need for middle-boxes to 
> change the Contact.  It is often changed to hide 
> host-specific information, and with a GRUU that can be 
> avoided. (it won't go away completely, but it increases the 
> odds of success if it is still signed)
[JRE] I am trying to figure out how things will work if a middlebox
rewrites a GRUU. Consider this scenario. A sends GRUU1 to B in a
dialog-forming request. Middlebox M rewrites the GRUU1 to GRUU2, so B
receives GRUU2. B sends GRUU2 to C. B closes the dialog with A. C sends
a new request to GRUU2, which I presume would be constructed so that the
request reaches M. Is it certain that M will have retained the necessary
state to map GRUU2 to GRUU1? In other words, how does M ensure that the
lifetime of GRUU2 matches the lifetime of GRUU1?

John
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Date: Fri, 18 Apr 2008 09:16:19 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens.com>
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	Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>, Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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Cc: SIP IETF <sip@ietf.org>, jon.peterson@neustar.biz
Subject: Re: [Sip] What 4474 signs, part-1 [was: Proposal to Revise RFC 4474]
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A good analysis.

John 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Hadriel Kaplan
> Sent: 15 April 2008 15:26
> To: Cullen Jennings; Dean Willis
> Cc: SIP IETF; jon.peterson@neustar.biz
> Subject: [Sip] What 4474 signs, part-1 [was: Proposal to 
> Revise RFC 4474]
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of
> > Cullen Jennings
> > Sent: Monday, April 14, 2008 10:53 AM
> >
> > Based on the discussion I've seen so far, the primary use case for
> > this modification is to allow the SBC to do media steering so it can
> > steer the RTP through a path that provides better QoS. As you say,
> > this could be achieved by modifying the SDP and changing RFC 4474 to
> > allow that, but there are probably some other approaches we 
> should be
> > considering as well, including ones that may need to be done outside
> > of SIP. If there's consensus that this is the problem
> > that needs solving, then I'll get with the SIP, SIPPING, and MMUSIC
> > chairs and figure out a process for how to evaluate the various
> > options and get this moving forward. If this isn't
> > the primary use case, then I think we probably need some more
> > discussion to get a clearer idea of what the problem is.
> 
> I think there are several problems with what 4474 signs, and 
> SDP is only one of them, so I'll break it up into separate 
> emails.  As far as I can tell, in this world there are lots 
> of B2BUA's - and no I'm not just talking SBC's.  Most of the 
> people on this mailing list work for companies that make some 
> form of B2BUA or other which are not SBC's.  Some of those 
> B2BUA's change things which will break 4474.  Whether 4474 
> *should* fail in such cases is a separate but important topic.
> 
> This is part-1: Signing the Call-ID.  Some of those B2BUA's 
> change the Call-ID, even though at a higher layer it's 
> clearly the same "request".
> 
> I believe RFC 4474 signs the Call-ID to provide cut-paste 
> attack protection such that the Verifier can detect when a 
> SIP request is being replayed.  To do that, the Verifier 
> keeps a table of received call-id's and identity header 
> signatures with their date.  If a request is received with 
> the same identity header value for the same call-id and date 
> (which are both signed in that identity header value's 
> signature), then it's a replay.  Clearly valid in-dialog 
> requests will have the same call-id, but because their date 
> and cseq values will be different, their identity header 
> values will be unique and not detected as a replay.
> 
> I think there are actually legitimate technical reasons why 
> this wouldn't always work right, even in a fully 
> rfc3261-compliant world.  For one, the request could get 
> forked, but end up at the same verifier.  The forked requests 
> could have unique request-uri's or Route header lists, 
> identifying unique final targets, but the verifier would 
> consider all but one of them a replay.  Similarly, a 
> legitimate spiral through a verifier would be detected as a 
> replay.  For another, the request could be responded to by 
> the UAS with a 302, which triggers an upstream proxy to 
> recurse the request again through the same verifier but a new 
> final target, which would be detected as a replay.  Lastly, I 
> believe that if UDP transport is used, the verifier can 
> legitimately get retransmissions of requests, using the same 
> cseq, which it would detect as replays but may really need to 
> pass on. (ie, non-Invite requests)
> 
> Then of course there is also a world with B2BUA's.  I think a 
> legitimate argument can be made that a 4474-signed signature 
> *shouldn't* remain valid crossing such Call-ID-changing 
> systems, because otherwise it opens up the door for replay 
> attacks. [note: I am only talking Call-ID's, not other fields]
> 
> But there are ways of providing such replay protection 
> *without* signing the Call-ID field value.  I can suggest two 
> alternatives:
> 
> 1) Create a new header or parameter to be signed and 
> verified, which is unique per new out-of-dialog request the 
> UAC creates - to be added by the UAC or Authenticator before 
> signing.  Ultimately, I believe the Call-ID was signed 
> because it was an already existing header - it was very 
> convenient.  However, if 4474 fails to be usable in many 
> cases were we think it should work, then it's very *inconvenient*.
> 
> 2) Mandate that UAC's _STOP_ using IP Addresses in Call-ID's, 
> with whatever new response code and mechanics we need to make 
> that transition.  If we were to re-create SIP today, I would 
> argue for this to the end.  If we want middle-boxes like 
> SBC's to stop changing things we don't want them to change, 
> stop putting things in which their owners feel compelled to 
> change.  This obviously can't be avoided for some things, but 
> the Call-ID is one of my pet peeves because it didn't have to 
> be one of them.
> 
> Note that Option 2 would only work for SBC's really, not 
> other B2BUA's who change it because they think they need to 
> or really do need to for other reasons.  And it would have a 
> serious problem of needing some installed SBC's to be 
> upgraded, whereas option 1 above would have a greater chance 
> of working today.  So my preference is Option 1.  But doing 
> Option 2 will also solve a lot of other problems in the 
> future, so my real preference is to do BOTH. (Option 1 for 
> 4474, Option 2 for general practice)
> 
> -hadriel
> _______________________________________________
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> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
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Dean Willis wrote:

> Proxies that recurse on 302 responses should be taken out and burned  
> anyhow. It's just a tragically stupid thing to do in most cases. In  
> the scenarios we're talking about, which probably involve a transition  
> from a "no charge" IP call to a potentially very expensive (like, up  
> to $25 a minute for some premium services) PSTN call, the user REALLY  
> needs to be able to make a decision.

This doesn't bother me. If this happens I'm just going to refuse to pay 
the bill, with the argument that "I never called that number". So this 
is a feature.

IMO if a proxy was already forking, or prepared to fork, then recursing 
on 3xx is not making things any worse.

Also, you are assuming that the recursion is happening in the calling 
domain. It may well be happening in the called domain, which may want to 
hide the 3xx response from the calling domain.

> So the limitation you've noted doesn't bother me at all.

Why should we need Supported:tel before tel can be used? Its already 
supposed to be supported.

	Paul

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Subject: Re: [Sip] What 4474 signs part-2 [was: Proposal to Revise RFC 4474]
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John,

There are a number of cases (e.g. IMS) where once gruus are used a b2bua 
will be in exactly the situation you describe. So its not an idle question.

For reasonable features to work, the b2bua will need have the ability to 
make the translation for out of dialog requests. And it will need to do 
so for a period of time that is hard to predict. When the original gruu 
was a permanent one, the translation should be supported for as long as 
the AOR the gruu was based on remains valid, which could be months or 
years. For temporary gruus its impossible to guess. Often the period may 
be relatively short, but there is no way to know how long.

The safest way to ensure that this will work wold be to generate the new 
gruu so it contains an encrypted form of the original gruu.

There of course may be cases where its goal to limit the lifetime. For 
instance if a call was anonymous it is probably good to limit the 
lifetime of the gruu to the duration of the original dialog. But such 
special cases need to be considered very carefully.

	Paul

Elwell, John wrote:
>  
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
>> Behalf Of Hadriel Kaplan
>> Sent: 16 April 2008 06:20
>> To: Cullen Jennings; Dean Willis
>> Cc: SIP IETF; jon.peterson@neustar.biz
>> Subject: [Sip] What 4474 signs part-2 [was: Proposal to 
>> Revise RFC 4474]
>>
>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
>> Behalf Of
>>> Cullen Jennings
>>>
>>> Based on the discussion I've seen so far, the primary use case for
>>> this modification is to allow the SBC to do media steering so it can
>>> steer the RTP through a path that provides better QoS. As you say,
>>> this could be achieved by modifying the SDP and changing RFC 4474 to
>>> allow that, but there are probably some other approaches we 
>> should be
>>> considering as well, including ones that may need to be done outside
>>> of SIP. If there's consensus that this is the problem
>>> that needs solving, then I'll get with the SIP, SIPPING, and MMUSIC
>>> chairs and figure out a process for how to evaluate the various
>>> options and get this moving forward. If this isn't
>>> the primary use case, then I think we probably need some more
>>> discussion to get a clearer idea of what the problem is.
>> Part 2 of this series: Signing the Contact URI.
>>
>> I believe 4474 signs the Contact URI to prevent malicious 
>> attackers from intercepting a signed request and replacing 
>> the Contact in order to receive all later requests/responses. 
>>  Or at least that's how I read rfc4474's reason for it:
>>
>>    The Contact header field is included to tie the Identity 
>> header to a
>>    particular user agent instance that generated the request.  Were an
>>    active attacker to intercept a request containing an 
>> Identity header,
>>    and cut-and-paste the Identity header field into its own request
>>    (reusing the From, To, Contact, Date, and Call-ID fields 
>> that appear
>>    in the original message), the attacker would not be eligible to
>>    receive SIP requests from the called user agent, since 
>> those requests
>>    are routed to the URI identified in the Contact header field.
>>    However, the Contact header is only included in dialog-forming
>>    requests, so it does not provide this protection in all cases.
>>
>> While I appreciate the desire, I don't see how signing the 
>> Contact actually accomplishes this goal in many cases.  A 
>> malicious attacker can easily insert Via and Record-Route 
>> headers, to get any subsequent in-dialog requests/responses.  
>> This is in fact what the non-MitM baiting attack described in 
>> draft-kaplan-sip-baiting-attack-02 does.
>>
>> But there is potential for a Contact URI to be used for 
>> out-of-dialog requests, for example in later REFERs and 
>> certain Conference applications, which is what triggered the 
>> need for GRUU's.  In that sense signing it may be valuable.  
>> Unfortunately that contradicts the goals of certain 
>> middle-boxes, and figuring out if those middle-boxes are 
>> changing it for malicious vs. legitimate reasons is an 
>> impossible task.
>>
>> Note that not signing the contact does not hurt the strength 
>> of the signed request directly (because the Record-Route 
>> issue already weakened that), but hurts the validity of the 
>> Contact for use in future out-of-dialog requests from the 
>> UAS.  The question then is what exactly is harmed if a 
>> malicious attacker inserts itself in the Contact for such 
>> use-cases.  If a later REFER or conference INVITE is sent to 
>> the attacker instead of the correct UA, it will only succeed 
>> in transferring or joining the call if it actually reaches 
>> the right UA.  Certainly the attacker could pretend to be the 
>> correct UA, and thus either perform full impersonation, or 
>> simply view SIP signaling which it otherwise might not get to.
>>
>> However this form of attack is far less likely and less 
>> fruitful than those available to attackers by simply 
>> inserting Record-Routes as done in the baiting attack for the 
>> original request, and can be detected by RFC4916-type 
>> upstream signing in response to the REFER or conference INVITE.
>>
>> Therefore, I propose a straw-man:
>> Allow the authenticating signer and/or the UAC to choose 
>> whether to sign the Contact URI, by having it add an 
>> Identity-Info param such as "no=contact".  The inclusion of 
>> this param means the signature does not include the Contact 
>> addr-spec.  The Identity-Info header is itself not signed, 
>> but that won't matter because if an attacker adds this but 
>> the signature did include the contact, it will invalidate the 
>> signature, and vice-versa if an attacker removes it.  This 
>> weakens things as described earlier, but it's up to the 
>> originator to decide if they're ok with that. (A 
>> better-than-nothing approach)
>>
>> Regardless, I suggest we strongly recommend in any update to 
>> RFC 4474 that GRUU's be used for signed Contact URI's.  When 
>> the Contact is a GRUU using the domain name instead of the 
>> UAC's host address, there is less need for middle-boxes to 
>> change the Contact.  It is often changed to hide 
>> host-specific information, and with a GRUU that can be 
>> avoided. (it won't go away completely, but it increases the 
>> odds of success if it is still signed)
> [JRE] I am trying to figure out how things will work if a middlebox
> rewrites a GRUU. Consider this scenario. A sends GRUU1 to B in a
> dialog-forming request. Middlebox M rewrites the GRUU1 to GRUU2, so B
> receives GRUU2. B sends GRUU2 to C. B closes the dialog with A. C sends
> a new request to GRUU2, which I presume would be constructed so that the
> request reaches M. Is it certain that M will have retained the necessary
> state to map GRUU2 to GRUU1? In other words, how does M ensure that the
> lifetime of GRUU2 matches the lifetime of GRUU1?
> 
> John
> _______________________________________________
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Subject: [Sip] Some comment to draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-02
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Hi Jari and Keith,
I had a look at the latest xcap event draft  http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-02.txt  what was updated after the WG last call for this i-d.. OMA-PAG WG is as both you know using this i-d as part of the OMA XDM 2.0 enabler release. I have from a OMA XDM 2.0 point of view reviewed the i-d to give you some more feedback as beeing a member of this WG  
My personal view is that this version of the i-d fulfills the needs that I  see exists for the  function to be able to monitor changes in XML document managed by the OMA XDM enabler..
When reviewing the document I have only found some minor things in the examples that I think needs to be addressed..

#1
Section A.2
"If the   Expires header has a value "0" this is effectively a similar request  than the PROPFIND method of WebDAV, the syntax's and responses differ, however."
This sentence is a bit unclear to me 
shall it be better to write 
"If the   Expires header has a value "0" this is effectively a similar request  to the PROPFIND method of WebDAV, the syntax's and responses  differ, however."
instead if you mean that both metods do the same stuff but with different syntax/responses. 
 
#2
Section A.4
"If it were an another device it would probably do a re-fetch of this new document."
 
shall it be just "fetch" as it is a new documen? Re-fetch of a new document sounds a bit strange. Shall it be 
"If it were an another device it would probably do a fetch of this new document."
instead.
#3
Section A.5
The example is a bit confusing and I think it needs some clarification. A suggestion is added in bold text. I have assumed that the starting point is that the document exist.
 
The user Joe does an initial subscription for the "id" affribute of the <doc> element:
The "index" document exists ,but the <doc> root element does not contain the "id" attribute at the time of the subscription.

   SUBSCRIBE sip:tests@xcap.example.com SIP/2.0
   ...
   Accept: application/xcap-diff+xml
   Event: xcap-diff
   Content-Type: application/resource-lists+xml
   Content-Length: [XXX]

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <resource-lists xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:resource-lists">
    <list>
     <entry uri="tests/users/sip:joe@example.com/index/~~/doc/@id"/>
    </list>
   </resource-lists>
In addition to the 200 OK response, the first NOTIFY looks like since
   there's nothing to indicate as:   
NOTIFY sip:joe@userhost.example.com SIP/2.0
   ...
   Event: xcap-diff
   Content-Type: application/xcap-diff+xml
   Content-Length: [XXX]

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <xcap-diff xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcap-diff"
              xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/"/>


   Afterwards Joe's XCAP client updates the whole document root element including the attribute "id"
   (not a typical XCAP operation nor a preferred one, just an
   illustration here):


   PUT /tests/users/sip:joe@example.com/index/~~/doc HTTP/1.1
   Host: xcap.example.com
   ....
   Content-Type: application/xcap-el+xml
   Content-Length: [XXX]

   <doc id="bar">This is a new root element</doc>


   The reported*** new HTTP ETag of "index" document is now "dwawrrtyy".   ( ***remove reported as it is not reported to the subscriber in the NOTIFY it is only send back in the response to the PUT else remove the whole sentence as ETAG is not used in this type of Noitify and ETAG value is therefore not relevant)

   Then the subscriber gets a notification:


   NOTIFY sip:joe@userhost.example.com SIP/2.0
   ...
   Event: xcap-diff
   Content-Type: application/xcap-diff+xml
   Content-Length: [XXX]

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <xcap-diff xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcap-diff"
              xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/">

    <attribute sel="tests/users/sip:joe@example.com/index/~~/doc/@id"
     >bar</attribute>

   </xcap-diff>

Kind Regards
Anders
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Elwell, John [mailto:john.elwell@siemens.com]
> [JRE] I am trying to figure out how things will work if a middlebox
> rewrites a GRUU. Consider this scenario. A sends GRUU1 to B in a
> dialog-forming request. Middlebox M rewrites the GRUU1 to GRUU2, so B
> receives GRUU2. B sends GRUU2 to C. B closes the dialog with A. C sends
> a new request to GRUU2, which I presume would be constructed so that the
> request reaches M. Is it certain that M will have retained the necessary
> state to map GRUU2 to GRUU1? In other words, how does M ensure that the
> lifetime of GRUU2 matches the lifetime of GRUU1?

That is a hard question to answer, because I think it depends on where the middle-box is and what its purpose is for rewriting the contact.  In other words, its "role".

For example, for an SBC-type middle-box on the access side (as an outbound proxy between UA's and the core registrar/app-server), I think it should leave the gruu alone.  The gruu should already be hiding device-specific IP addressing info, and thus hiding topology.  We tested that at sipit and it seemed to work fine, but we haven't encountered gruu use in the wild much yet.  If it isn't hiding such, the contact has to be changed unfortunately.

For an SBC-type box on the peering side (between providers or enterprises), there are definitely cases where even a gruu will have to be changed based on policy.  Some SBC's already have a proprietary way to provide a "global contact", which encrypts the original - they had to do this because the need for a contact to be reusable in the style of gruu has already happened, long before anyone was doing gruu.  The lifetime is left up to operator policy.

-hadriel

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>
> Proxies that recurse on 302 responses should be taken out and burned
> anyhow. It's just a tragically stupid thing to do in most cases. In
> the scenarios we're talking about, which probably involve a transition
> from a "no charge" IP call to a potentially very expensive (like, up
> to $25 a minute for some premium services) PSTN call, the user REALLY
> needs to be able to make a decision.

I think that's a great utopian view, but in the real world that would be impractical.  A great many SIP UA's are ultimately just TDM gateways, providing POTS-type interfaces into the home, or PBX phone lines into the office, etc.  Afaik there is no way for them to indicate this redirection to the human, or have a way to be told yes/no by the human.  Some people handle this type of thing with an app-server b2bua where it plays out a message and takes in DTMF to make the decision, but I think that's uncommon.

I think/hope in the common case, if a call goes from one provider to another, the second provider will not recurse it outside of its domain and will pass it back upstream to the calling provider to decide.  I think that because often the billing model between them seems to dictate that.  I have no doubt some cases will occur to validate your concern, but I think market forces will "correct" them naturally over time.  Providers have plenty of natural motivation not to piss off their customers and regulators.

-hadriel
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	Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>, Dan WING <dwing@cisco.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Hadriel Kaplan writes:

 > I think that's a great utopian view, but in the real world that would
 > be impractical.  A great many SIP UA's are ultimately just TDM
 > gateways, providing POTS-type interfaces into the home, or PBX phone
 > lines into the office, etc.  Afaik there is no way for them to
 > indicate this redirection to the human, or have a way to be told
 > yes/no by the human.  

in that case their proxy should definitely not recurse on 302 and if the
sip ua box has no way to ask confirmation from the user regarding 302,
then 302 processing should be turned off in the box.

-- juha
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr 18 08:59:26 2008
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
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I think Hadriel is right.

As much as I agree that from a technical perspective, having 302s not 
recursed on by proxies is better, I can't see this generally becoming
the norm in this SIP universe. It's too late for that.

Maybe in SIP Four Dot Oh. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hadriel Kaplan [mailto:HKaplan@acmepacket.com] 
> Sent: Friday, April 18, 2008 07:32
> To: Dean Willis; Anders Kristensen
> Cc: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055); SIP IETF; Paul Kyzivat; Dan WING
> Subject: RE: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
> >
> > Proxies that recurse on 302 responses should be taken out 
> and burned 
> > anyhow. It's just a tragically stupid thing to do in most cases. In 
> > the scenarios we're talking about, which probably involve a 
> transition 
> > from a "no charge" IP call to a potentially very expensive 
> (like, up 
> > to $25 a minute for some premium services) PSTN call, the 
> user REALLY 
> > needs to be able to make a decision.
> 
> I think that's a great utopian view, but in the real world 
> that would be impractical.  A great many SIP UA's are 
> ultimately just TDM gateways, providing POTS-type interfaces 
> into the home, or PBX phone lines into the office, etc.  
> Afaik there is no way for them to indicate this redirection 
> to the human, or have a way to be told yes/no by the human.  
> Some people handle this type of thing with an app-server 
> b2bua where it plays out a message and takes in DTMF to make 
> the decision, but I think that's uncommon.
> 
> I think/hope in the common case, if a call goes from one 
> provider to another, the second provider will not recurse it 
> outside of its domain and will pass it back upstream to the 
> calling provider to decide.  I think that because often the 
> billing model between them seems to dictate that.  I have no 
> doubt some cases will occur to validate your concern, but I 
> think market forces will "correct" them naturally over time.  
> Providers have plenty of natural motivation not to piss off 
> their customers and regulators.
> 
> -hadriel
> 
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</b>
<p>And tell me what i can do for you, the reasons should be<br>
ours, we might have met them dareful, the latter part of<br>
this speech, mrs. Poyser had i threw him against the floor,<br>
grabbed a long got no teeth to chew 'em with! The man's<br>
lower border. It is too late for that now, coblich, a northern<br>
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able to proceed in good greensward surrounded by ancient<br>
trees. On the so he told me, and a man who can keep his<br>
balanceon so that they can see the metropolitan life go<br>
skips a generation or two. Hugh's grandfather start. He<br>
turned thank you, mrs. Willett. Not disliked loud voices,<br>
and noisy restaurants. They fear. I can see that you also<br>
are troubled and.<br>
isokmgdikaaaalkhed.</p>
</body></html>
------------6580617A3B1A59--


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr 18 11:47:08 2008
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On Apr 18, 2008, at 7:00 AM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:

>
>
> Dean Willis wrote:
>
>> Proxies that recurse on 302 responses should be taken out and  
>> burned  anyhow. It's just a tragically stupid thing to do in most  
>> cases. In  the scenarios we're talking about, which probably  
>> involve a transition  from a "no charge" IP call to a potentially  
>> very expensive (like, up  to $25 a minute for some premium  
>> services) PSTN call, the user REALLY  needs to be able to make a  
>> decision.
>
> This doesn't bother me. If this happens I'm just going to refuse to  
> pay the bill, with the argument that "I never called that number".  
> So this is a feature.

I look forward to seeing that argument played on Judge Judy's daytime  
TV show.

>
> IMO if a proxy was already forking, or prepared to fork, then  
> recursing on 3xx is not making things any worse.

That depends on who it was forking to. If the forks are "retargeting",  
then recursing on a 302 is only marginally worse. If however the forks  
are "rerouting", than recursing on a 302 raises all sorts of  
unanticipated respondent problems that not recursing would have avoided.

>
> Also, you are assuming that the recursion is happening in the  
> calling domain. It may well be happening in the called domain, which  
> may want to hide the 3xx response from the calling domain.

That's fair.

>> So the limitation you've noted doesn't bother me at all.
>
> Why should we need Supported:tel before tel can be used? Its already  
> supposed to be supported.
>

Ok, spec dude: Can you show me a citation that says tel: MUST be  
supported by a SIP UA? Even a SHOULD?

--
Dean

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On Apr 18, 2008, at 9:32 AM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:

>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>>
>> Proxies that recurse on 302 responses should be taken out and burned
>> anyhow. It's just a tragically stupid thing to do in most cases. In
>> the scenarios we're talking about, which probably involve a  
>> transition
>> from a "no charge" IP call to a potentially very expensive (like, up
>> to $25 a minute for some premium services) PSTN call, the user REALLY
>> needs to be able to make a decision.
>
> I think that's a great utopian view, but in the real world that  
> would be impractical.  A great many SIP UA's are ultimately just TDM  
> gateways, providing POTS-type interfaces into the home, or PBX phone  
> lines into the office, etc.  Afaik there is no way for them to  
> indicate this redirection to the human, or have a way to be told yes/ 
> no by the human.  Some people handle this type of thing with an app- 
> server b2bua where it plays out a message and takes in DTMF to make  
> the decision, but I think that's uncommon.

IMHO, the right thing for a POTS terminal to do on a 302 response is  
probably either indicate an error condition to the user or use a voice  
app to inform the user if no GUI is available.
>
> I think/hope in the common case, if a call goes from one provider to  
> another, the second provider will not recurse it outside of its  
> domain and will pass it back upstream to the calling provider to  
> decide.  I think that because often the billing model between them  
> seems to dictate that.  I have no doubt some cases will occur to  
> validate your concern, but I think market forces will "correct" them  
> naturally over time.  Providers have plenty of natural motivation  
> not to piss off their customers and regulators.

In some sectors, providers have financial incentives to do just the  
opposite. Lots of US carriers made money charging victims that had  
been tricked into calling those expensive Carribbean premium lines.

See:

	http://www.scambusters.org/ScamBusters8.html

While this has gotten better recently (which could be your market  
forces at work), I have been in many discussions around 3GPP and OMA  
where people expressed concerns that 302 handling could engender a new  
wave of such problems.

That's partly why I think that anything doing a retargeting needs to  
inform the calling party about the retargeting operation. I'm still  
liking a new provisional response as a way to do this, especially with  
Identity in responses. This would allow the call to be dropped quickly  
(and before sending media) if the connected identity is unanticipated.

--
Dean


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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>, Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Apr 2008 16:41:35 -0400
Thread-Topic: What 4474 signs part-3 [was: Proposal to Revise RFC 4474]
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Cullen Jennings
>
> Based on the discussion I've seen so far, the primary use case for
> this modification is to allow the SBC to do media steering so it can
> steer the RTP through a path that provides better QoS. As you say,
> this could be achieved by modifying the SDP and changing RFC 4474 to
> allow that, but there are probably some other approaches we should be
> considering as well, including ones that may need to be done outside
> of SIP. If there's consensus that this is the problem that needs
> solving, then I'll get with the SIP, SIPPING, and MMUSIC chairs and
> figure out a process for how to evaluate the various options and get
> this moving forward. If this isn't the primary use case, then I think
> we probably need some more discussion to get a clearer idea of what
> the problem is.

Part 3 of this series: Signing the MIME body.

This is probably the big one in terms of being contentious.  For some MIME bodies, signing it presents no issue for current B2BUA's, as far as I know - notably a MESSAGE request body for UI rendering.  A MESSAGE has no Contact, so just avoiding Call-ID signing as described in part-1 of this thread should be good enough.

As we all know, RFC 4474 signs the MIME body of the request.  It does this because:
   There is little purpose in establishing the identity of the user that
   originated a SIP request if this assurance is not coupled with a
   comparable assurance over the media descriptors.
While I don't disagree that assuring the media *identity* is highly valuable, I don't believe 4474 gives that assurance per se by signing just descriptors, and I happen to think there *is* value in establishing the identity of a user that originated a SIP request regardless anyway.

The main issue is of course application/sdp.  For direct-connection models, where the authenticating domain is sending the request directly to the verifying domain, there's no issue.  I personally don't see the need for rfc4474 much in those cases anyway, because mutual-TLS can be used at the transport layer, which would provide a lot more significant security benefits than just 4474 does - plus it would generally scale better.  But anyway, there's no issue in those cases.

The sticky part is when the request goes through intermediate domains, such as transit providers.  There are plenty of B2BUA's which modify it, for a whole bunch of reasons.  Most of them are for reasons specific to an originating or terminating domain, where rfc4474 would not really be an issue.  One notable exception I can think of is when transcoding is performed by media-servers inside intermediate domains.  But the biggest one is undoubtedly SBC-type systems at the borders of those intermediate domains.

One argument proposed by some is that these intermediate domains would just verify the signature, change SDP, and re-sign.  While that may be technically possible for E.164 number URI's, it would present a significant start-up problem of needing everyone to do it; and obviously doesn't work for non-E.164 URI's.

Another argument is that domains using intermediates for request routing essentially rely on and expect a chain-of-trust domain model, and may not even care about a 4474 signature if the signing domain is not their local link to that chain.  While I don't disagree that is the current situation, at some future time as more and more peering interconnect happens, this chain will become brittle.  The question is what types of threats it will face...

Clearly there is an argument to be made that such intermediate domains are indistinguishable from a MitM.  Much of the IETF community is concerned with MitM attacks, but I don't think providers or even average users are too concerned about that - or rather, if something can become a MitM between or among the providers, it's a much bigger deal than just your media frankly.  They expect and need to be able to ferret that out regardless of 4474.

What they're more concerned with, imho, is insecure ends of that trust chain creating spam or fraud.  In other words, that some enterprise or provider at the end is less secure about who it lets create requests to begin with.  You can think of this in the context of email I think.  I don't live in that world, but my guess is that more people are concerned with spammers generating email through open relays or bots, than they are about an active MitM intercepting emails for the purpose of modifying their contents en route.

The reason I think it's important to understand that fear factor difference, is that 4474 attempts to provide protection for both things at the same time: request originator user identity, and MitM modification/replay protection.  That is in fact why I wrote the baiting attack draft, to both point out that one does not even need to be a real MitM to act like one, and that even *with* rfc4474 it's not stopped.  It will take something different to stop it.

Furthermore, it should be quite clear that signing SDP isn't enough - IP addresses for media are obviously spoof-able.  And if it's a MitM you're worried about and it can see the SDP, there's a fairly good chance it can successfully spoof and intercept that media addressing too.  Afaik, only SRTP using signed fingerprints or IBE/IBS can truly prevent that, which is why Kai and Dan's drafts only need to sign the fingerprints instead of the whole SDP.  To put this another way - most of us would laugh at the idea of putting SRTP security-descriptions keys in the SDP and signing that with RFC 4474, because it is weak and would lead to a false sense of security; but that's the same as RFC 4474 signing of normal SDP is today.

So... I propose that once again the originator of the request be given an option: it can sign the MIME body, or not, based on its preference.  This can be done in another parameter or param value of the Identity-Info header, similar to the Contact one proposed in part-2 of this thread; and again this parameter does not need to be signed itself because forging it or removing it implicitly breaks the signature calc anyway.  The authenticator can likewise decide if it wants to accept a request with this parameter or not.

The semantics of this are such that the authenticator is saying "me.com verified user foo@me.com generated this request with these To, From, and Date, but not necessarily the SDP."  This would be useful for spam avoidance, but not much more. (just as 4474 arguably is)
If a srtp fingerprint is also signed, then it means a lot more.

Alternatively, we could just recommend that such an originator simply send offerless-Invite's, since that is perfectly legal in 4474 and avoids this issue.  But somehow I don't think that would be such a good idea. ;)

-hadriel
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On Apr 12, 2008, at 4:00 AM, Dean Willis wrote:

[...]

> If we made it mandatory for a PSTN gateway to assert identities using
> user=phone and documented that Identity headers over an identity with
> a user=phone parameter do not assert the "user part" of that identity,
> then I think we'd have a complete solution.

[...]

I think you would need to extend that to be PSTN gateways that do not  
do some sort of caller authentication. As we discussed separately,  
it's perfectly possible for a PSTN gateway to require a PIN from a  
caller, and therefore be able tp assert a stronger identity than it  
could from caller id. In that scenario, would you expect the  
"user=phone" parameter to apply?

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On Apr 18, 2008, at 4:38 PM, Ben Campbell wrote:

>
> On Apr 12, 2008, at 4:00 AM, Dean Willis wrote:
>
> [...]
>
>> If we made it mandatory for a PSTN gateway to assert identities using
>> user=phone and documented that Identity headers over an identity with
>> a user=phone parameter do not assert the "user part" of that  
>> identity,
>> then I think we'd have a complete solution.
>
> [...]
>
> I think you would need to extend that to be PSTN gateways that do  
> not do some sort of caller authentication. As we discussed  
> separately, it's perfectly possible for a PSTN gateway to require a  
> PIN from a caller, and therefore be able tp assert a stronger  
> identity than it could from caller id. In that scenario, would you  
> expect the "user=phone" parameter to apply?
>

How would you differentiate an an authenticating gateway from a non- 
authenticating gateway downstream?

--
Dean

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Subject: Re: [Sip] Thoughts on gateways, user=phone,
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On Apr 18, 2008, at 6:30 PM, Dean Willis wrote:

>
> On Apr 18, 2008, at 4:38 PM, Ben Campbell wrote:
>
>>
>> On Apr 12, 2008, at 4:00 AM, Dean Willis wrote:
>>
>> [...]
>>
>>> If we made it mandatory for a PSTN gateway to assert identities  
>>> using
>>> user=phone and documented that Identity headers over an identity  
>>> with
>>> a user=phone parameter do not assert the "user part" of that  
>>> identity,
>>> then I think we'd have a complete solution.
>>
>> [...]
>>
>> I think you would need to extend that to be PSTN gateways that do  
>> not do some sort of caller authentication. As we discussed  
>> separately, it's perfectly possible for a PSTN gateway to require a  
>> PIN from a caller, and therefore be able tp assert a stronger  
>> identity than it could from caller id. In that scenario, would you  
>> expect the "user=phone" parameter to apply?
>>
>
> How would you differentiate an an authenticating gateway from a non- 
> authenticating gateway downstream?
>

That's rather the problem.

My point is, although there is a lot of correlation between "phone  
numbers" and "unauthenticated callers", it doesn't always have to be  
that way. We also assume that calls crossing non-PSTN gateways will  
have better authentication properties, but it doesn't have to be that  
way either. Unless we remove all historical meaning from "user=phone",  
then using it would codify assumptions that are not necessarily true.

If we decide that we need a way to signal that an identity assertion  
is weak, then I think we need a way to do it that is orthogonal to  
whether the call originated the PSTN.
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Thread-Topic: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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From: "DRAGE, Keith \(Keith\)" <drage@alcatel-lucent.com>
To: "Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>,
	"Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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All this argument seems to be predicated on an assumption for a charging
model that is not defined anywhere by IETF. Many models exist for
charging in diversion, and calling customer pays all is only one of
them.

302s recursed by intermediate proxies may be perfectly reasonably in
certain charging environments. 

I would further add that in the UK at least, there is a some assumption
that the customer knows what he is going to pay at the time he "dials"
the number (within fairly wide bounds). That means that if the network
equipment (rather than the user's equipment) sends the request off into
0900 land without further input from the user or his equipment, then
that customer will have a fairly good case for complaint and refund.
This somewhat forces the network operator to make sure that any such
cost implications of diversion are reasonable.

Regards

Keith

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Dean Willis
> Sent: Friday, April 18, 2008 7:46 PM
> To: Paul Kyzivat
> Cc: SIP IETF; Francois Audet; Dan WING
> Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
> 
> 
> On Apr 18, 2008, at 7:00 AM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
> 
> >
> >
> > Dean Willis wrote:
> >
> >> Proxies that recurse on 302 responses should be taken out 
> and burned  
> >> anyhow. It's just a tragically stupid thing to do in most 
> cases. In  
> >> the scenarios we're talking about, which probably involve a 
> >> transition  from a "no charge" IP call to a potentially very 
> >> expensive (like, up  to $25 a minute for some premium
> >> services) PSTN call, the user REALLY  needs to be able to make a 
> >> decision.
> >
> > This doesn't bother me. If this happens I'm just going to refuse to 
> > pay the bill, with the argument that "I never called that number".
> > So this is a feature.
> 
> I look forward to seeing that argument played on Judge Judy's 
> daytime TV show.
> 
> >
> > IMO if a proxy was already forking, or prepared to fork, then  
> > recursing on 3xx is not making things any worse.
> 
> That depends on who it was forking to. If the forks are 
> "retargeting",  
> then recursing on a 302 is only marginally worse. If however 
> the forks  
> are "rerouting", than recursing on a 302 raises all sorts of  
> unanticipated respondent problems that not recursing would 
> have avoided.
> 
> >
> > Also, you are assuming that the recursion is happening in the  
> > calling domain. It may well be happening in the called 
> domain, which  
> > may want to hide the 3xx response from the calling domain.
> 
> That's fair.
> 
> >> So the limitation you've noted doesn't bother me at all.
> >
> > Why should we need Supported:tel before tel can be used? 
> Its already  
> > supposed to be supported.
> >
> 
> Ok, spec dude: Can you show me a citation that says tel: MUST be  
> supported by a SIP UA? Even a SHOULD?
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> 
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From: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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On Apr 18, 2008, at 8:27 PM, DRAGE, Keith (Keith) wrote:
> 302s recursed by intermediate proxies may be perfectly reasonably in
> certain charging environments.

Not if they're retargeting. I'd also say that proxy operations that  
retarget are also generally unreasonable, given that (so far) we have  
no way to inform the caller of the retargeting.

--
Dean
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dean
> Willis
>
> On Apr 18, 2008, at 8:27 PM, DRAGE, Keith (Keith) wrote:
> > 302s recursed by intermediate proxies may be perfectly reasonably in
> > certain charging environments.
>
> Not if they're retargeting. I'd also say that proxy operations that
> retarget are also generally unreasonable, given that (so far) we have
> no way to inform the caller of the retargeting.

Sure we do: RFC 4916. :)

-hadriel
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Apr 2008 22:34:44 -0400
Thread-Topic: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
>
> In some sectors, providers have financial incentives to do just the
> opposite. Lots of US carriers made money charging victims that had
> been tricked into calling those expensive Carribbean premium lines.
>
> See:
>         http://www.scambusters.org/ScamBusters8.html

Well, it sounds to me like that scam was of a different type: the user explicitly calling a number which was billed higher than the user expected.  They reached the number they dialed.  That's a billing problem, not a routing problem. (and btw, "US" carriers didn't make money off that, afaict - Caribbean ones maybe, but for the US carriers I bet it cost more money in customer service issues than it made)


> While this has gotten better recently (which could be your market
> forces at work), I have been in many discussions around 3GPP and OMA
> where people expressed concerns that 302 handling could engender a new
> wave of such problems.

No doubt they can, and probably will.  It's handled by policies, and such policies can be mis-configured and/or abused.  Such is also the case on user endpoints, of course.

-hadriel

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On Apr 18, 2008, at 8:51 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:

>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf  
>> Of Dean
>> Willis
>>
>> On Apr 18, 2008, at 8:27 PM, DRAGE, Keith (Keith) wrote:
>>> 302s recursed by intermediate proxies may be perfectly reasonably in
>>> certain charging environments.
>>
>> Not if they're retargeting. I'd also say that proxy operations that
>> retarget are also generally unreasonable, given that (so far) we have
>> no way to inform the caller of the retargeting.
>
> Sure we do: RFC 4916. :)

Close, but that only informs the caller AFTER the retargeting has  
completed. It's kind of like introducing yourself to the nice lady at  
the bar after you've already started making babies together.

--
Dean
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Dean Willis wrote:
> On Apr 18, 2008, at 8:27 PM, DRAGE, Keith (Keith) wrote:
>> 302s recursed by intermediate proxies may be perfectly reasonably in
>> certain charging environments.
> 
> Not if they're retargeting. I'd also say that proxy operations that  
> retarget are also generally unreasonable, given that (so far) we have  
> no way to inform the caller of the retargeting.

What is your objection? Is it
- that the caller may be billed for something he wasn't expecting?
- that the caller may not want to talk to the new target?

The former is a billing issue, which may or may not be related to this 
discussion, as Keith has pointed out.

The latter can be dealt with via called party identity. In any case it 
is quite within the normal range of expectation to day that you may end 
up talking to someone other than who you thought you were calling.

	Paul
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From: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
To: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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On Apr 20, 2008, at 3:33 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:

>
>
> Dean Willis wrote:
>> On Apr 18, 2008, at 8:27 PM, DRAGE, Keith (Keith) wrote:
>>> 302s recursed by intermediate proxies may be perfectly reasonably in
>>> certain charging environments.
>> Not if they're retargeting. I'd also say that proxy operations  
>> that  retarget are also generally unreasonable, given that (so far)  
>> we have  no way to inform the caller of the retargeting.
>
> What is your objection? Is it
> - that the caller may be billed for something he wasn't expecting?
> - that the caller may not want to talk to the new target?

Both, although my bigger concern is the general unanticipated  
respondent problem.

> The former is a billing issue, which may or may not be related to  
> this discussion, as Keith has pointed out.
>
> The latter can be dealt with via called party identity.

Which, with current specs, only kicks in AFTER the INVITE transaction  
has completed.

> In any case it is quite within the normal range of expectation to  
> day that you may end up talking to someone other than who you  
> thought you were calling.

That's probably true, but  it's not a good thing. Why do we keep  
trying to reinvent the failings of the pSTN?

--
Dean


_______________________________________________
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	Keith \(Keith\)" <drage@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Dean Willis wrote:
> 
> On Apr 20, 2008, at 3:33 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
> 
>>
>>
>> Dean Willis wrote:
>>> On Apr 18, 2008, at 8:27 PM, DRAGE, Keith (Keith) wrote:
>>>> 302s recursed by intermediate proxies may be perfectly reasonably in
>>>> certain charging environments.
>>> Not if they're retargeting. I'd also say that proxy operations that  
>>> retarget are also generally unreasonable, given that (so far) we 
>>> have  no way to inform the caller of the retargeting.
>>
>> What is your objection? Is it
>> - that the caller may be billed for something he wasn't expecting?
>> - that the caller may not want to talk to the new target?
> 
> Both, although my bigger concern is the general unanticipated respondent 
> problem.
> 
>> The former is a billing issue, which may or may not be related to this 
>> discussion, as Keith has pointed out.
>>
>> The latter can be dealt with via called party identity.
> 
> Which, with current specs, only kicks in AFTER the INVITE transaction 
> has completed.
> 
>> In any case it is quite within the normal range of expectation to day 
>> that you may end up talking to someone other than who you thought you 
>> were calling.
> 
> That's probably true, but  it's not a good thing. Why do we keep trying 
> to reinvent the failings of the pSTN?

I am perfectly willing to admit that I might not be imagining how things 
might work.

Perhaps this depends very heavily on exactly what is retargeting and 
what is not. If I call the Dr and get the answering service is that 
retargeting? If I call the boss and get the secretary is that 
retargeting? I I call you on your land line and get forwarded to your 
mobile line is that retargeting?  If I call a help line and get 
forwarded to a call center worker is that retargeting?

In most of these cases, even if my UA has a UI to ask me if I want to 
continue I will most likely just consider than annoying and reconfigure 
it to automatically accept all of these retargetings.

I can see the value of being able to specify that I want to speak to a 
certain person and no other, but I think I wojuld only want to use it on 
rare occasions.

BTW, when it does matter to me I would prefer to restrict who actually 
answers the phone, rather than just which phone rings. But I don't see 
much likelihood of that any time soon.

I would be *thrilled* to just have called party identity on a regular basis.

	Paul
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	Keith \(Keith\)" <drage@alcatel-lucent.com>,
	Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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Paul Kyzivat writes:

 > Perhaps this depends very heavily on exactly what is retargeting and 
 > what is not. If I call the Dr and get the answering service is that 
 > retargeting? If I call the boss and get the secretary is that 
 > retargeting? I I call you on your land line and get forwarded to your 
 > mobile line is that retargeting?  If I call a help line and get 
 > forwarded to a call center worker is that retargeting?

i don't see any problem if callee has configured his proxy or phone to
perform those actions, but i see a big problem if callee returns 302 to
the caller and caller's phone or proxy acts on it without informing the
caller.

-- juha
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From: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
To: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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On Apr 20, 2008, at 11:29 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:

>
>
> Dean Willis wrote:
>> On Apr 20, 2008, at 3:33 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>> Dean Willis wrote:
>>>> On Apr 18, 2008, at 8:27 PM, DRAGE, Keith (Keith) wrote:
>>>>> 302s recursed by intermediate proxies may be perfectly  
>>>>> reasonably in
>>>>> certain charging environments.
>>>> Not if they're retargeting. I'd also say that proxy operations  
>>>> that  retarget are also generally unreasonable, given that (so  
>>>> far) we have  no way to inform the caller of the retargeting.
>>>
>>> What is your objection? Is it
>>> - that the caller may be billed for something he wasn't expecting?
>>> - that the caller may not want to talk to the new target?
>> Both, although my bigger concern is the general unanticipated  
>> respondent problem.
>>> The former is a billing issue, which may or may not be related to  
>>> this discussion, as Keith has pointed out.
>>>
>>> The latter can be dealt with via called party identity.
>> Which, with current specs, only kicks in AFTER the INVITE  
>> transaction has completed.
>>> In any case it is quite within the normal range of expectation to  
>>> day that you may end up talking to someone other than who you  
>>> thought you were calling.
>> That's probably true, but  it's not a good thing. Why do we keep  
>> trying to reinvent the failings of the pSTN?
>
> I am perfectly willing to admit that I might not be imagining how  
> things might work.
>
> Perhaps this depends very heavily on exactly what is retargeting and  
> what is not. If I call the Dr and get the answering service is that  
> retargeting? If I call the boss and get the secretary is that  
> retargeting? I I call you on your land line and get forwarded to  
> your mobile line is that retargeting?  If I call a help line and get  
> forwarded to a call center worker is that retargeting?

Can they respond with the Dr's credentials? Would their identity  
service put an RFC 4474 in a return UPDATE that matches the To in the  
original request? If so, then it's OK -- the caller is surprised by  
the response. If not, then we have a retargeting. When retargeting  
occurs without infomring the caller, we invariantly have an  
unanticipated respondent scenario.

>
> In most of these cases, even if my UA has a UI to ask me if I want  
> to continue I will most likely just consider than annoying and  
> reconfigure it to automatically accept all of these retargetings.

even the ones that are spoofed "responses"  from an MITM?

Here's the scenario: Alice sends an INVITE to Bob. Charlie sees it,  
and fakes a 200 OK response to Alice before Bob can respond.

Unlikely? Not in a P2PSIP world.

If Bob forwards his phone to Charlie, Alice needs to see something  
signed by Bob or somebody authoritative for Bob that says the call is  
being redirected to Charlie before accepting a response from Charlie.

> I can see the value of being able to specify that I want to speak to  
> a certain person and no other, but I think I wojuld only want to use  
> it on rare occasions.

I bet you'll want to use it on every call. You just don't know it yet.

> BTW, when it does matter to me I would prefer to restrict who  
> actually answers the phone, rather than just which phone rings. But  
> I don't see much likelihood of that any time soon.

You have no choice about who answers. What you have a choice about is  
which answer you will accept as valid.

--
Dean
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On Apr 20, 2008, at 11:55 PM, Juha Heinanen wrote:

> Paul Kyzivat writes:
>
>> Perhaps this depends very heavily on exactly what is retargeting and
>> what is not. If I call the Dr and get the answering service is that
>> retargeting? If I call the boss and get the secretary is that
>> retargeting? I I call you on your land line and get forwarded to your
>> mobile line is that retargeting?  If I call a help line and get
>> forwarded to a call center worker is that retargeting?
>
> i don't see any problem if callee has configured his proxy or phone to
> perform those actions, but i see a big problem if callee returns 302  
> to
> the caller and caller's phone or proxy acts on it without informing  
> the
> caller.

How does the caller know that the callee has configured his proxy to  
perform those actions and that the response isn't coming from somebody  
else?

--
Dean

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Dean Willis writes:

 > How does the caller know that the callee has configured his proxy to  
 > perform those actions and that the response isn't coming from somebody  
 > else?

dean,

i didn't understand your question.  you mean 200 ok response?  it is
coming from somebody else, for example, if callee has configured to
forward requests to him to his voice mail.

-- juha
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Thanks Anders, inline

ext Anders Lindgren C wrote:
> Hi Jari and Keith,
> I had a look at the latest xcap event draft  http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-xcapevent-02.txt  what was updated after the WG last call for this i-d.. OMA-PAG WG is as both you know using this i-d as part of the OMA XDM 2.0 enabler release. I have from a OMA XDM 2.0 point of view reviewed the i-d to give you some more feedback as beeing a member of this WG  
> My personal view is that this version of the i-d fulfills the needs that I  see exists for the  function to be able to monitor changes in XML document managed by the OMA XDM enabler..
> When reviewing the document I have only found some minor things in the examples that I think needs to be addressed..
>
> #1
> Section A.2
> "If the   Expires header has a value "0" this is effectively a similar request  than the PROPFIND method of WebDAV, the syntax's and responses differ, however."
> This sentence is a bit unclear to me 
> shall it be better to write 
> "If the   Expires header has a value "0" this is effectively a similar request  to the PROPFIND method of WebDAV, the syntax's and responses  differ, however."
> instead if you mean that both metods do the same stuff but with different syntax/responses. 
>  
>   
right.
> #2
> Section A.4
> "If it were an another device it would probably do a re-fetch of this new document."
>  
> shall it be just "fetch" as it is a new documen? Re-fetch of a new document sounds a bit strange. Shall it be 
> "If it were an another device it would probably do a fetch of this new document."
> instead.
>   
sure, of course.
> #3
> Section A.5
> The example is a bit confusing and I think it needs some clarification. A suggestion is added in bold text. I have assumed that the starting point is that the document exist.
>  
> The user Joe does an initial subscription for the "id" affribute of the <doc> element:
> The "index" document exists ,but the <doc> root element does not contain the "id" attribute at the time of the subscription.
>
>   
ok, it wasn't much explained indeed. Also if index doesn't exist the 
responses are the same, i.e. this doesn't show reasons for un-existing 
components.  Added a note about this as well.
>    SUBSCRIBE sip:tests@xcap.example.com SIP/2.0
>    ...
>    Accept: application/xcap-diff+xml
>    Event: xcap-diff
>    Content-Type: application/resource-lists+xml
>    Content-Length: [XXX]
>
>    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
>    <resource-lists xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:resource-lists">
>     <list>
>      <entry uri="tests/users/sip:joe@example.com/index/~~/doc/@id"/>
>     </list>
>    </resource-lists>
> In addition to the 200 OK response, the first NOTIFY looks like since
>    there's nothing to indicate as:   
> NOTIFY sip:joe@userhost.example.com SIP/2.0
>    ...
>    Event: xcap-diff
>    Content-Type: application/xcap-diff+xml
>    Content-Length: [XXX]
>
>    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
>    <xcap-diff xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcap-diff"
>               xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/"/>
>
>
>    Afterwards Joe's XCAP client updates the whole document root element including the attribute "id"
>    (not a typical XCAP operation nor a preferred one, just an
>    illustration here):
>
>
>    PUT /tests/users/sip:joe@example.com/index/~~/doc HTTP/1.1
>    Host: xcap.example.com
>    ....
>    Content-Type: application/xcap-el+xml
>    Content-Length: [XXX]
>
>    <doc id="bar">This is a new root element</doc>
>
>
>    The reported*** new HTTP ETag of "index" document is now "dwawrrtyy".   ( ***remove reported as it is not reported to the subscriber in the NOTIFY it is only send back in the response to the PUT else remove the whole sentence as ETAG is not used in this type of Noitify and ETAG value is therefore not relevant)
>   
right, though "reported" was there just to describe the http ETag 
response header. Added also a note that it won't be "reported"

>    Then the subscriber gets a notification:
>
>
>    NOTIFY sip:joe@userhost.example.com SIP/2.0
>    ...
>    Event: xcap-diff
>    Content-Type: application/xcap-diff+xml
>    Content-Length: [XXX]
>
>    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
>    <xcap-diff xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcap-diff"
>               xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/">
>
>     <attribute sel="tests/users/sip:joe@example.com/index/~~/doc/@id"
>      >bar</attribute>
>
>    </xcap-diff>
>
> Kind Regards
> Anders
>   

thanks, Jari
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From: Sriram Parameswar <Sriram.Parameswar@microsoft.com>
To: "sip@ietf.org" <sip@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 21 Apr 2008 00:48:13 -0700
Thread-Topic: E.164 - who owns it
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Just a quick comment on proxies that act on 302's, there is an expired draft "draft-rajesh-sipping-303" that proposed a new response that specifically allowed proxies to act on a redirect. This may be used to clarify the behavior on 302's that must go all the way back to the caller.

Thanks,

Sriram Parameswar

-----Original Message-----



Message: 1
Date: Fri, 18 Apr 2008 10:58:55 -0500
From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
To: "Hadriel Kaplan" <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>,  "Dean Willis"
        <dean.willis@softarmor.com>,    "Anders Kristensen" <andersk@cisco.com>
Cc: SIP IETF <sip@ietf.org>, Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>, Dan
        WING <dwing@cisco.com>
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        <1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF163C2716@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com>
Content-Type: text/plain;       charset="iso-8859-1"

I think Hadriel is right.

As much as I agree that from a technical perspective, having 302s not
recursed on by proxies is better, I can't see this generally becoming
the norm in this SIP universe. It's too late for that.

Maybe in SIP Four Dot Oh.

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From: "Fischer, Kai" <kai.fischer@siemens.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] What 4474 signs part-3 [was: Proposal to Revise RFC 4474]
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Hadriel Kaplan
> Sent: Freitag, 18. April 2008 22:42
> To: Cullen Jennings; Dean Willis
> Cc: SIP IETF; jon.peterson@neustar.biz
> Subject: [Sip] What 4474 signs part-3 [was: Proposal to 
> Revise RFC 4474]
> 
> ...
> 
> So... I propose that once again the originator of the request 
> be given an option: it can sign the MIME body, or not, based 
> on its preference.  This can be done in another parameter or 
> param value of the Identity-Info header, similar to the 
> Contact one proposed in part-2 of this thread; and again this 
> parameter does not need to be signed itself because forging 
> it or removing it implicitly breaks the signature calc 
> anyway.  The authenticator can likewise decide if it wants to 
> accept a request with this parameter or not.

I think the flexibility of elements covered by a (RFC4474bis) signature
is an interesting idea. RFC 4474 shall be applied for different
scenarios and therefore the set of elements which needs to be signed
vary. For the protection of the DTLS-SRTP fingerprint only a few
elements need to be signed. However, the flexibility causes also some
interoperability issues like B expected header field x to be signed
whereas A doesn't sign it. The risk exists that both parties fall back
to the least common denominator (all mandatory elements), which is not
applicable resp. secure for all intended scenarios. So it could be
useful to define some RFC4474 signature profiles. These profiles are
also extendable for future use cases without a need to revise RFC4474bis
again.

Kai

> 
> The semantics of this are such that the authenticator is 
> saying "me.com verified user foo@me.com generated this 
> request with these To, From, and Date, but not necessarily 
> the SDP."  This would be useful for spam avoidance, but not 
> much more. (just as 4474 arguably is)
> If a srtp fingerprint is also signed, then it means a lot more.
> 
> Alternatively, we could just recommend that such an 
> originator simply send offerless-Invite's, since that is 
> perfectly legal in 4474 and avoids this issue.  But somehow I 
> don't think that would be such a good idea. ;)
> 
> -hadriel
> _______________________________________________
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> 
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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Juha Heinanen wrote:
> Paul Kyzivat writes:
> 
>  > Perhaps this depends very heavily on exactly what is retargeting and 
>  > what is not. If I call the Dr and get the answering service is that 
>  > retargeting? If I call the boss and get the secretary is that 
>  > retargeting? I I call you on your land line and get forwarded to your 
>  > mobile line is that retargeting?  If I call a help line and get 
>  > forwarded to a call center worker is that retargeting?
> 
> i don't see any problem if callee has configured his proxy or phone to
> perform those actions, but i see a big problem if callee returns 302 to
> the caller and caller's phone or proxy acts on it without informing the
> caller.

If the caller is picky about who he ends up talking to then I don't see 
what difference it makes whether the retargeting is processed by a proxy 
or the UAC. And if the caller is concerned about picking up the charge 
for a call to an unanticipated address then it is just an issue of 
whether it is going to get the bill, not who does the retargeting.

I know we traditionally avoid billing issues, but there are a whole 
class of architectural issues such as this that we can't address without 
considering charging.

IMO a fundamental flaw in charging systems is assuming that the caller 
can infer the charging algorithm that will be used for a call based on 
the *form* of the address. By that I mean:
- whether caller or callee pays
- per minute rate, etc.
This of course gets all screwed up if payment responsibility or rate for 
a call changes as a result of retargeting. But its somewhat of a problem 
even without retargeting. The kinds of problems I am aware of are:
- caller isn't always aware of the mapping from address
   to charging algorithm, so may be charged more than anticipated
- relying on form makes dialing rules difficult (do I start with "1"
   or not? It sometimes depends on which UA dialing is initiated.)
- there is a shortage of desirable "free phone" numbers, because of
   the limited forms for them. Adding new freephone prefixes aggrevates
   the prior propblem of callers knowing the algorithm.
- to date there is no precedent for "freephone" addresses conforming
   to "email" syntax.
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From: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
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To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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	Keith \(Keith\)" <drage@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Dean Willis wrote:
> 
> On Apr 20, 2008, at 11:29 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
> 
>>
>>
>> Dean Willis wrote:
>>> On Apr 20, 2008, at 3:33 PM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Dean Willis wrote:
>>>>> On Apr 18, 2008, at 8:27 PM, DRAGE, Keith (Keith) wrote:
>>>>>> 302s recursed by intermediate proxies may be perfectly reasonably in
>>>>>> certain charging environments.
>>>>> Not if they're retargeting. I'd also say that proxy operations 
>>>>> that  retarget are also generally unreasonable, given that (so far) 
>>>>> we have  no way to inform the caller of the retargeting.
>>>>
>>>> What is your objection? Is it
>>>> - that the caller may be billed for something he wasn't expecting?
>>>> - that the caller may not want to talk to the new target?
>>> Both, although my bigger concern is the general unanticipated 
>>> respondent problem.
>>>> The former is a billing issue, which may or may not be related to 
>>>> this discussion, as Keith has pointed out.
>>>>
>>>> The latter can be dealt with via called party identity.
>>> Which, with current specs, only kicks in AFTER the INVITE transaction 
>>> has completed.
>>>> In any case it is quite within the normal range of expectation to 
>>>> day that you may end up talking to someone other than who you 
>>>> thought you were calling.
>>> That's probably true, but  it's not a good thing. Why do we keep 
>>> trying to reinvent the failings of the pSTN?
>>
>> I am perfectly willing to admit that I might not be imagining how 
>> things might work.
>>
>> Perhaps this depends very heavily on exactly what is retargeting and 
>> what is not. If I call the Dr and get the answering service is that 
>> retargeting? If I call the boss and get the secretary is that 
>> retargeting? I I call you on your land line and get forwarded to your 
>> mobile line is that retargeting?  If I call a help line and get 
>> forwarded to a call center worker is that retargeting?
> 
> Can they respond with the Dr's credentials?  Would their identity service
> put an RFC 4474 in a return UPDATE that matches the To in the original 
> request? If so, then it's OK -- the caller is surprised by the response. 
> If not, then we have a retargeting. When retargeting occurs without 
> infomring the caller, we invariantly have an unanticipated respondent 
> scenario.

Well, today if the Dr has sip service with credentials but subscribes to 
a PSTN answering service then I presume not. In some other cases 
possibly yes.

Even in cases like this one, where it would seem in the abstract that 
the new target *ought* to have credentials there will clearly be a 
migration issue.

>> In most of these cases, even if my UA has a UI to ask me if I want to 
>> continue I will most likely just consider than annoying and 
>> reconfigure it to automatically accept all of these retargetings.
> 
> even the ones that are spoofed "responses"  from an MITM?

Well I would be pleased to have the true spoofs singled out and 
highlighted, if it was possible to reliably separate them from the cases 
that were clearly intended by the callee. But I don't see that being 
possible any time soon.

> Here's the scenario: Alice sends an INVITE to Bob. Charlie sees it, and 
> fakes a 200 OK response to Alice before Bob can respond.
> 
> Unlikely? Not in a P2PSIP world.

Thats clearlhy a  bad case. If it can be distinguished from the others 
then great.

However its not entirely clear to me that this is conceptually different 
from Bob being offline and having asked Charlie to answer calls for him.

> If Bob forwards his phone to Charlie, Alice needs to see something 
> signed by Bob or somebody authoritative for Bob that says the call is 
> being redirected to Charlie before accepting a response from Charlie.

I agree this would be a good thing. It doesn't have to be the 3xx response.

>> I can see the value of being able to specify that I want to speak to a 
>> certain person and no other, but I think I wojuld only want to use it 
>> on rare occasions.
> 
> I bet you'll want to use it on every call. You just don't know it yet.

There are just too many cases when I don't know who will be expected to 
answer the call. You seem to be assuming that all phones are personal 
phones.

>> BTW, when it does matter to me I would prefer to restrict who actually 
>> answers the phone, rather than just which phone rings. But I don't see 
>> much likelihood of that any time soon.
> 
> You have no choice about who answers. What you have a choice about is 
> which answer you will accept as valid.

I want the one with the real Dean Willis talking, regardless of what AOR 
was used to reach it. (Assuming there *is* a real Dean Willis.)

	Paul

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Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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> > The former is a billing issue, which may or may not be related to  
> > this discussion, as Keith has pointed out.
> >
> > The latter can be dealt with via called party identity.
> 
> Which, with current specs, only kicks in AFTER the INVITE 
> transaction has completed.

One way to avoid that would be to create a new I-D, 'connected party
precondition'.  But preconditions have not enjoyed much success because, as I
understand it, preconditions cannot be incrementally deployed.

-d

> > In any case it is quite within the normal range of expectation to  
> > day that you may end up talking to someone other than who you  
> > thought you were calling.
> 
> That's probably true, but  it's not a good thing. Why do we keep  
> trying to reinvent the failings of the pSTN?
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

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On Apr 21, 2008, at 1:12 AM, Juha Heinanen wrote:

> Dean Willis writes:
>
>> How does the caller know that the callee has configured his proxy to
>> perform those actions and that the response isn't coming from  
>> somebody
>> else?
>
> dean,
>
> i didn't understand your question.  you mean 200 ok response?  it is
> coming from somebody else, for example, if callee has configured to
> forward requests to him to his voice mail.

Ideally we'd be talking about the 200 OK, but our identity assertion  
mechanism (FC 4474) currently doesn't work in the 200 OK, so we're  
really talking an RFC 4916 message in the other direction.

If you call me and I've forwarded those calls to voice mail, how do  
you know that I've authorized this forwarding and that it wasn't done  
by a MITM attacker? With our existing protocol set, you don't.

One possible workaround would be to handle the "forwarding" operation  
by having my bot accept your INVITE with a 200 OK, do an RFC 4916  
exchange, then do a REFER telling you to call my voice mail. Now you  
know "for sure" that I want you to talk to this other identity "my  
voicemail".

It would be much cleaner to allow RFC 4474 in a response, so that I  
could simply respond to your INVITE with a 302 pointing you at my  
voice mail. My signature (or that of my service provider, who we've  
agreed to trust) would assert that the retargeting to the voice mail  
platform is valid.

Where a 302 isn't ideal and it would be better to "proxy retarget" the  
request, we need a new mechanism -- we need a way for the proxy to  
send you something that explains that the request is being retargeted  
and who you should be looking to connect with. I've seen it proposed  
that we could use a new provisional (or reliable provisional) response  
to do this. And if RFC 4474 could be extended to cover this response,  
then this partiular problem would be solved.

--
Dean

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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
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Date: Mon, 21 Apr 2008 11:22:42 -0700
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Subject: [Sip] R-CERTS in draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements
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During WGLC an objection was raised about R-CERTS in
draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements.  I currently have proposals for:
 
  * reverting to the R12 text
  * sticking with R-CERTS text
  * removing the text completely

I would like to understand what people want this requirement to *mean* -- does
it say what you think it should say?  Does it miss some aspect of
signing/certificates that is important?

-----

Details:

In draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements-00 and -01, we had:

   R12:  The media security key management protocol MUST NOT 
         require 3rd parties to sign certificates.

in draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements-02, this was renamed to R-CERTS
and also had its text change to:

   R-CERTS:  If the media security key management protocol 
         employs certificates, it MUST be able to make use of both 
         self-signed and CA-issued certificates.  As an alternative, 
         the media security key management protocol MAY make use of 
         "bare" public keys.


Here is how some key management systems would fare with the original R12 text:

  * RFC4474 would comply -- because RFC4474 allows both self-signed
    certificates and allows CA-signed certificates (reference end of
    Step 1 of Section 6 of RFC4474).  One might reasonably expect most
    deployments will use CA-signed certificates.

  * OpenPGP certificates (if someone were to use it for SRTP
    keying) would comply -- because R12 allows you to sign your own
    key and does not require someone else sign your key.  One might
    expect most deployments would include signatures by other
    people (3rd parties).

  * ZRTP would comply -- because there are no 3rd party signatures
    whatsoever.

  * MIKEY-RSA complies -- because it allows self-signed certificates
    (reference the first bullet of Section 4.3.2 of RFC3830).

  * Identity-Based Encryption (if someone were to use it for SRTP
    keying) would comply -- because IBE uses 'bare' public keys.


and with the R-CERTS text:

  * RFC4474 would comply (same reason as R12).

  * OpenPGP certificates (if someone were to use it for SRTP keying)
    would not comply -- because R-CERTS allows you to sign your own
    key, but only mentions Certificate Authorities as 3rd party
    signers; OpenPGP does not have 'certificate authorities'.

  * ZRTP would comply (same reason as R12).

  * MIKEY-RSA complies (same reason as R12).

  * Identity-Based Encryption (if someone were to use it for SRTP
    keying) would comply (same reason as R12).

-d

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On Apr 21, 2008, at 7:54 AM, Paul Kyzivat wrote:
>
>> Here's the scenario: Alice sends an INVITE to Bob. Charlie sees it,  
>> and fakes a 200 OK response to Alice before Bob can respond.
>> Unlikely? Not in a P2PSIP world.
>
> Thats clearlhy a  bad case. If it can be distinguished from the  
> others then great.

It is distinguished by the facts  1) that the respondent Charlie  
cannot present credentials for the called party Bob, and 2) Alice  
received no authentic instruction from Bob about the retargeting.

SIP today works because our proxies are generally trustworthy and we  
have TLS to make sure we're talking to the proxy we think we're  
talking to. P2PSIP proxies cannot be trusted to that extent, and  
therefore we don't get the same benefit from TLS.


>
> However its not entirely clear to me that this is conceptually  
> different from Bob being offline and having asked Charlie to answer  
> calls for him.
>

It is not different in today's protocol spec. That's the problem -- it  
should be.

>> If Bob forwards his phone to Charlie, Alice needs to see something  
>> signed by Bob or somebody authoritative for Bob that says the call  
>> is being redirected to Charlie before accepting a response from  
>> Charlie.
>
> I agree this would be a good thing. It doesn't have to be the 3xx  
> response.

Correct. There have been other proposals, such as a reliable  
provisional informing Alice that an authorized proxy has retargeted  
the call to Charlie. This isn't hard -- it takes only a new response  
code and minor mods to RFC 4474. Or it could be done with no new  
extensions using an accept/refer/disconnect model.


>
>>> I can see the value of being able to specify that I want to speak  
>>> to a certain person and no other, but I think I wojuld only want  
>>> to use it on rare occasions.
>> I bet you'll want to use it on every call. You just don't know it  
>> yet.
>
> There are just too many cases when I don't know who will be expected  
> to answer the call. You seem to be assuming that all phones are  
> personal phones.

For every phone I call, there is somebody I expect would be  
authoritative for that call.

For example, if I call a Lufthansa call center to book a ticket, I  
expect that the party I reach will be able to authentically claim to  
represent Lufthansa.

>
>
>>> BTW, when it does matter to me I would prefer to restrict who  
>>> actually answers the phone, rather than just which phone rings.  
>>> But I don't see much likelihood of that any time soon.
>> You have no choice about who answers. What you have a choice about  
>> is which answer you will accept as valid.
>
> I want the one with the real Dean Willis talking, regardless of what  
> AOR was used to reach it. (Assuming there *is* a real Dean Willis.)

I may not be available. Would you rather reach the person I've  
authorized to handle my calls in my absence, or some random stranger?  
I suppose that's a personal choice ;-).

--
Dean

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Cc: 'SIP IETF' <sip@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Sip] R-CERTS in draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements
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I am strongly in favor of removing the text completely.  It's vaguely 
worded (relying on an undefined notion of a "3rd party") -- and 
meaningless, since no extant IETF protocol (or I-D, AFAIK) violates it.
--RB



Dan Wing wrote:
> During WGLC an objection was raised about R-CERTS in
> draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements.  I currently have proposals for:
>  
>   * reverting to the R12 text
>   * sticking with R-CERTS text
>   * removing the text completely
> 
> I would like to understand what people want this requirement to *mean* -- does
> it say what you think it should say?  Does it miss some aspect of
> signing/certificates that is important?
> 
> -----
> 
> Details:
> 
> In draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements-00 and -01, we had:
> 
>    R12:  The media security key management protocol MUST NOT 
>          require 3rd parties to sign certificates.
> 
> in draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements-02, this was renamed to R-CERTS
> and also had its text change to:
> 
>    R-CERTS:  If the media security key management protocol 
>          employs certificates, it MUST be able to make use of both 
>          self-signed and CA-issued certificates.  As an alternative, 
>          the media security key management protocol MAY make use of 
>          "bare" public keys.
> 
> 
> Here is how some key management systems would fare with the original R12 text:
> 
>   * RFC4474 would comply -- because RFC4474 allows both self-signed
>     certificates and allows CA-signed certificates (reference end of
>     Step 1 of Section 6 of RFC4474).  One might reasonably expect most
>     deployments will use CA-signed certificates.
> 
>   * OpenPGP certificates (if someone were to use it for SRTP
>     keying) would comply -- because R12 allows you to sign your own
>     key and does not require someone else sign your key.  One might
>     expect most deployments would include signatures by other
>     people (3rd parties).
> 
>   * ZRTP would comply -- because there are no 3rd party signatures
>     whatsoever.
> 
>   * MIKEY-RSA complies -- because it allows self-signed certificates
>     (reference the first bullet of Section 4.3.2 of RFC3830).
> 
>   * Identity-Based Encryption (if someone were to use it for SRTP
>     keying) would comply -- because IBE uses 'bare' public keys.
> 
> 
> and with the R-CERTS text:
> 
>   * RFC4474 would comply (same reason as R12).
> 
>   * OpenPGP certificates (if someone were to use it for SRTP keying)
>     would not comply -- because R-CERTS allows you to sign your own
>     key, but only mentions Certificate Authorities as 3rd party
>     signers; OpenPGP does not have 'certificate authorities'.
> 
>   * ZRTP would comply (same reason as R12).
> 
>   * MIKEY-RSA complies (same reason as R12).
> 
>   * Identity-Based Encryption (if someone were to use it for SRTP
>     keying) would comply (same reason as R12).
> 
> -d
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
> 

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To: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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From: jh@tutpro.com (Juha Heinanen)
Cc: SIP IETF <sip@ietf.org>, Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>, "DRAGE,
	Keith \(Keith\)" <drage@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] E.164 - who owns it
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Dean Willis writes:

 > >> If Bob forwards his phone to Charlie, Alice needs to see something  
 > >> signed by Bob or somebody authoritative for Bob that says the call  
 > >> is being redirected to Charlie before accepting a response from  
 > >> Charlie.
 > >
 > > I agree this would be a good thing. It doesn't have to be the 3xx  
 > > response.
 > 
 > Correct. There have been other proposals, such as a reliable  
 > provisional informing Alice that an authorized proxy has retargeted  
 > the call to Charlie. This isn't hard -- it takes only a new response  
 > code and minor mods to RFC 4474. Or it could be done with no new  
 > extensions using an accept/refer/disconnect model.

and how about if charlie decides to forward the call to bill, who bob
doesn't trust?

-- juha
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Subject: [Sip] Enquiry Regarding SIP REFER method.
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Hi,
 As per RFC 3515 SIP Refer method Refer-To header field can contain HTTP uri. I want to know if the Refer-to header field contains an HTTP uri then what are the possible values the "method" attribute will contain?

Regards
Sukumar


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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>&nbsp;As per RFC 3515 SIP Refer method Refer-To 
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contains an HTTP uri then what are the possible values the "method" attribute 
will contain?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Regards</FONT></DIV>
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_______________________________________________
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On Apr 22, 2008, at 12:29 AM, Juha Heinanen wrote:

> Dean Willis writes:
>
>>>> If Bob forwards his phone to Charlie, Alice needs to see something
>>>> signed by Bob or somebody authoritative for Bob that says the call
>>>> is being redirected to Charlie before accepting a response from
>>>> Charlie.
>>>
>>> I agree this would be a good thing. It doesn't have to be the 3xx
>>> response.
>>
>> Correct. There have been other proposals, such as a reliable
>> provisional informing Alice that an authorized proxy has retargeted
>> the call to Charlie. This isn't hard -- it takes only a new response
>> code and minor mods to RFC 4474. Or it could be done with no new
>> extensions using an accept/refer/disconnect model.
>
> and how about if charlie decides to forward the call to bill, who bob
> doesn't trust?
>

At least Alice will know she's talking to Bill because Bob forwarded  
the call to Charlie who forwarded it to Bill. If Bill isn't happy  
about this, he and Charlie can step outside the pub later and have two  
words about it. At least this way we know what happened, and we know  
it far more authoritatively than History-Info would have told us.

--
Dean
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Subject: [Sip] Test Data for AKAv2-MD5
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Hi,

I have implemented AKAV2-MD5 in my application.
To unit test it I need a test data (input and output values) for AKAV2-MD5.

Please provide me test data for AKAV2-MD5 if you have any.
Thanks in advance.

 

Regards,

Pinak


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<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><tt><font size=3D2 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt'>Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></font></tt></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><tt><font size=3D2 =
face=3D"Courier New"><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>I have implemented AKAV2-MD5 in my =
application.</span></font></tt><font
size=3D2 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><br>
<tt><font face=3D"Courier New">To unit test it I need a test data (input =
and
output values) for AKAV2-MD5.<o:p></o:p></font></tt></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><tt><font size=3D2 =
face=3D"Courier New"><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Please provide me test data for AKAV2-MD5 if =
you have
any.</span></font></tt><font size=3D2 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><br>
<tt><font face=3D"Courier New">Thanks in =
advance.<o:p></o:p></font></tt></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><tt><font size=3D2 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></tt></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><tt><font size=3D2 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt'>Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></tt></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><tt><font size=3D2 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt'>Pinak</span></font></tt><font face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
--===============1171170512==--




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Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2008 14:00:47 +0800
From: "=?GB2312?B?y+/X2r79?=" <szj087@gmail.com>
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Subject: [Sip] What's the difference between session and dialog in SIP?
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Hi, all

I am confused about the conception of session and dialog in RFC 3261.
Although someone pointed out the dialog is a relationship between
peer-2-peer and session is a multimedia relative relation, I am still
not clear about that.

For my understanding,  the scope of session is wider than dialog
means. Dialog can only exists between two peers,  one-2-one, but
session can contain more than 2 participants, right? For example, one
INVITE from UAC can create more than one dialog because of the forked
2xx responses by the proxy server, but the session is determined by
session id in the SDP and all the 2xx responses contain the same
session id. All the participants belong to the same session. So my
conclusion is that one session can contain more than one dialog even
though they are created by same method. The relationship between
dialog and session is many-2-one, right?

If my understanding is right,  then comes another question. The
scenario is above, one INVITE created more than one dialog, the caller
will maintain more than one dialog, he can terminate one of them via
BYE method while keeping the other dialog. According to RFC3261, BYE
method can terminate a session and its relative dialog. From this
statement it seems that my conclusion is not exactly right.

Then what is the relationship between session and dialog, one-2-one
map or one-2-many map?

Your instructions are highly appreciated.

Thanks

BR

Zongjun
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr 22 23:01:25 2008
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From: atul garg <shivalk_80@yahoo.co.in>
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Subject: [Sip] Urgent SIP INVITES from opposite direction with same callid
	and sequence numbers....
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--0-2106953073-1208930479=:77706
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
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Hi,

I need an urgent clarification on the followings set
of call.I have observed the following scenario on the
real network and it confuses me when i see the two
INVITES having same TO,FROM,CSEQ,CALLID (but different
VIA) in opposite direction :

I am trying to give the scenario below :

|Time     | 1.1.1.1           | 2.2.2.2           |

|0.000    |         INVITE    |                   |SIP
From: sip:351931015072@sip.optimus.pt 
To:sip:351931019029@sip.optimus.pt
|         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |

|0.000    |         100 Trying|                   |SIP
Status
|         |(5060)   <------------------  (5060)   |

|0.000    |         INVITE    |                   |SIP
Request
|         |(5060)   <------------------  (5060)   |

|0.000    |         100 Trying|                   |SIP
Status
|         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |

|0.000    |         180 Ringing                   |SIP
Status
|         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |

|0.000    |         200 OK    |                   |SIP
Status
|         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |

|0.000    |         ACK       |                   |SIP
Request
|         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |

|0.000    |         ACK       |                   |SIP
Request
|         |(5060)   <------------------  (5060)   |

|0.000    |         BYE       |                   |SIP
Request
|         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |

|0.000    |         BYE       |                   |SIP
Request
|         |(5060)   <------------------  (5060)   |

|0.000    |         200 OK    |                   |SIP
Status
|         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |


I am not sure whether the figure would be that clear
or not .Here I am mentioning the first 3 SIP messages 

Please see the attachment for more description.

Regards
Atul





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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr 22 23:44:31 2008
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Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2008 07:44:31 +0100 (BST)
From: atul garg <shivalk_80@yahoo.co.in>
To: atul garg <shivalk_80@yahoo.co.in>, sip@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [Sip] SORRY WRONG POST Urgent SIP INVITES from opposite
	direction with same callid and sequence numbers....
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HI ALL

Please ignore my todays post and sorry for
inconvenience.

--- atul garg <shivalk_80@yahoo.co.in> wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> I need an urgent clarification on the followings set
> of call.I have observed the following scenario on
> the
> real network and it confuses me when i see the two
> INVITES having same TO,FROM,CSEQ,CALLID (but
> different
> VIA) in opposite direction :
> 
> I am trying to give the scenario below :
> 
> |Time     | 1.1.1.1           | 2.2.2.2           |
> 
> |0.000    |         INVITE    |                  
> |SIP
> From: sip:351931015072@sip.optimus.pt 
> To:sip:351931019029@sip.optimus.pt
> |         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |
> 
> |0.000    |         100 Trying|                  
> |SIP
> Status
> |         |(5060)   <------------------  (5060)   |
> 
> |0.000    |         INVITE    |                  
> |SIP
> Request
> |         |(5060)   <------------------  (5060)   |
> 
> |0.000    |         100 Trying|                  
> |SIP
> Status
> |         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |
> 
> |0.000    |         180 Ringing                  
> |SIP
> Status
> |         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |
> 
> |0.000    |         200 OK    |                  
> |SIP
> Status
> |         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |
> 
> |0.000    |         ACK       |                  
> |SIP
> Request
> |         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |
> 
> |0.000    |         ACK       |                  
> |SIP
> Request
> |         |(5060)   <------------------  (5060)   |
> 
> |0.000    |         BYE       |                  
> |SIP
> Request
> |         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |
> 
> |0.000    |         BYE       |                  
> |SIP
> Request
> |         |(5060)   <------------------  (5060)   |
> 
> |0.000    |         200 OK    |                  
> |SIP
> Status
> |         |(5060)   ------------------>  (5060)   |
> 
> 
> I am not sure whether the figure would be that clear
> or not .Here I am mentioning the first 3 SIP
> messages 
> 
> Please see the attachment for more description.
> 
> Regards
> Atul
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
>       Best Jokes, Best Friends, Best Food and more.
> Go to
http://in.promos.yahoo.com/groups/bestofyahoo/>
_______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list 
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP
> Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions
> on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the
> application of sip



      Bollywood, fun, friendship, sports and more. You name it, we have it on http://in.promos.yahoo.com/groups/bestofyahoo/

_______________________________________________
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Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2008 13:46:30 +0800
From: "=?GB2312?B?y+/X2r79?=" <szj087@gmail.com>
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Subject: [Sip] What's the difference between session and dialog in SIP?
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Hi, all

I am confused about the conception of session and dialog in RFC 3261.
Although someone pointed out the dialog is a relationship between
peer-2-peer and session is a multimedia relative relation, I am still
not clear about that.

For my understanding,  the scope of session is wider than dialog
means. Dialog can only exists between two peers,  one-2-one, but
session can contain more than 2 participants, right? For example, one
INVITE from UAC can create more than one dialog because of the forked
2xx responses by the proxy server, but the session is determined by
session id in the SDP and all the 2xx responses contain the same
session id. All the participants belong to the same session. So my
conclusion is that one session can contain more than one dialog even
though they are created by same method. The relationship between
dialog and session is many-2-one, right?

If my understanding is right,  then comes another question. The
scenario is above, one INVITE created more than one dialog, the caller
will maintain more than one dialog, he can terminate one of them via
BYE method while keeping the other dialog. According to RFC3261, BYE
method can terminate a session and its relative dialog. From this
statement it seems that my conclusion is not exactly right.

Then what is the relationship between session and dialog, one-2-one
map or one-2-many map?

Your instructions are highly appreciated.

Thanks

BR

Zongjun
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Thread-Topic: Passing added call information in the SIP packet
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Subject: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet
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Hi,
   I have been an user of SIP for a while, but never got into the need =
to extend it.  I have tried to do an extensive research to see if there =
are any draft or RFC that handles the requirements that I am requested =
to do.  Here is the scenario that I am trying to fulfill.

A UA (custom hardware/software) wants to place or change the call into a =
secure call.  It notifies the other participant by an INVITE or NOTIFY =
and both UA agree on the change and the details of the security.  There =
are several different method of securing the call, and that would be =
included in the parameter passed between the UA.  If this is not =
possible is there a way to embed the parameters into the header of the =
INVITE or NOTIFY so at least both UA know of the request?

There are a few phones on the market today some using SKINNY and others =
using SIP, but it appears that it is being done outside of the SIP =
traffic.   If anyone can either tell me which draft or RFC to look at; =
that I missed.  If this does not exist, is there others out there that =
are interested in this type of change to SIP; that would like to discuss =
it? =20

Thanks,
Todd Binns
Senior Software Engineer - Communications
Henschel, L-3 Communications
9 Malcolm Hoyt Drive
Newburyport, MA 01950-4017
Phone: 978.462.2400 Ext: 306
Email: todd.d.binns@l-3com.com
=20


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<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Hi,</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp; I have been an user of =
SIP for a while, but never got into the need to extend it.&nbsp; I have =
tried to do an extensive research to see if there are any draft or RFC =
that handles the requirements that I am requested to do.&nbsp; Here is =
the scenario that I am trying to fulfill.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">A UA (custom hardware/software) wants =
to place or change the call into a secure call.&nbsp; It notifies the =
other participant by an INVITE or NOTIFY and both UA agree on the change =
and the details of the security.&nbsp; There are several different =
method of securing the call, and that would be included in the parameter =
passed between the UA.&nbsp; If this is not possible is there a way to =
embed the parameters into the header of the INVITE or NOTIFY so at least =
both UA know of the request?</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">There are a few phones on the market =
today some using SKINNY and others using SIP, but it appears that it is =
being done outside of the SIP traffic.&nbsp;&nbsp; If anyone can either =
tell me which draft or RFC to look at; that I missed.&nbsp; If this does =
not exist, is there others out there that are interested in this type of =
change to SIP; that would like to discuss it?&nbsp; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Thanks,</FONT>

<BR><FONT FACE=3D"Arial">Todd Binns</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Senior Software Engineer - =
Communications</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Henschel, L-3 Communications</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">9 Malcolm Hoyt Drive</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Newburyport, MA 01950-4017</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Phone: 978.462.2400 Ext: 306</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Email: </FONT><A =
HREF=3D"mailto:todd.d.binns@l-3com.com"><U><FONT COLOR=3D"#0000FF" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">todd.d.binns@l-3com.com</FONT></U></A>

<BR><FONT FACE=3D"Arial">=A0</FONT>
</P>

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Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet
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   From: todd.d.binns@l-3com.com

   A UA (custom hardware/software) wants to place or change the call into a =
   secure call.  It notifies the other participant by an INVITE or NOTIFY =
   and both UA agree on the change and the details of the security.  There =
   are several different method of securing the call, and that would be =
   included in the parameter passed between the UA.  If this is not =
   possible is there a way to embed the parameters into the header of the =
   INVITE or NOTIFY so at least both UA know of the request?

If both UAs are your design, you can just add a private header (whose
name starts with "X-") to carry the additional information.  SIP
agents that do not understand the header are required to ignore it.

Dale
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Subject: Re: [Sip] What's the difference between session and dialog in SIP?
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   From: "=?GB2312?B?y+/X2r79?=" <szj087@gmail.com>

   I am confused about the conception of session and dialog in RFC 3261.
   Although someone pointed out the dialog is a relationship between
   peer-2-peer and session is a multimedia relative relation, I am still
   not clear about that.

As I understand the terms, a "session" is the set of media
transmisstions described/controlled by a series of SDP offer/answer
exchanges.  These exchanges are usually carried by the messages in one
SIP dialog.

Dale
_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Sip] What's the difference between session and dialog in SIP?
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At 01:28 PM 4/23/2008, Dale.Worley@comcast.net wrote:
>    From: "=?GB2312?B?y+/X2r79?=" <szj087@gmail.com>
>
>    I am confused about the conception of session and dialog in RFC 3261.
>    Although someone pointed out the dialog is a relationship between
>    peer-2-peer and session is a multimedia relative relation, I am still
>    not clear about that.
>
>As I understand the terms, a "session" is the set of media
>transmisstions described/controlled by a series of SDP offer/answer
>exchanges.  These exchanges are usually carried by the messages in one
>SIP dialog.

To this too, these terms are often meant to be interchangeable - even 
though technically they are separate terms with subtlety different 
actual meanings (SDP "sessions", and SIP "dialogs"). Sessions and 
Dialogs can, sometimes mean the same thing. Thus it requires a bit of 
understanding the context in which either is stated in to understand 
if they are meaning one or the other, or were misused for the same meaning.


>Dale
>_______________________________________________
>Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of todd.d.binns@l-3com.com
> Sent: Wednesday, April 23, 2008 10:29 AM
> To: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet
> 
> Hi, 
>    I have been an user of SIP for a while, but never got into 
> the need to extend it.  I have tried to do an extensive 
> research to see if there are any draft or RFC that handles 
> the requirements that I am requested to do.  Here is the 
> scenario that I am trying to fulfill.
> 
> A UA (custom hardware/software) wants to place or change the 
> call into a secure call. 

Secure call = SRTP (RFC3711)?

-d


> It notifies the other participant 
> by an INVITE or NOTIFY and both UA agree on the change and 
> the details of the security.  There are several different 
> method of securing the call, and that would be included in 
> the parameter passed between the UA.  If this is not possible 
> is there a way to embed the parameters into the header of the 
> INVITE or NOTIFY so at least both UA know of the request?
> 
> There are a few phones on the market today some using SKINNY 
> and others using SIP, but it appears that it is being done 
> outside of the SIP traffic.   If anyone can either tell me 
> which draft or RFC to look at; that I missed.  If this does 
> not exist, is there others out there that are interested in 
> this type of change to SIP; that would like to discuss it?  
> 
> Thanks, 
> Todd Binns 
> Senior Software Engineer - Communications 
> Henschel, L-3 Communications 
> 9 Malcolm Hoyt Drive 
> Newburyport, MA 01950-4017 
> Phone: 978.462.2400 Ext: 306 
> Email: todd.d.binns@l-3com.com <mailto:todd.d.binns@l-3com.com>  
>   
> 
> 

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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr 23 15:52:22 2008
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From: "Robins, Ellen" <Ellen.Robins@team.telstra.com>
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Subject: [Sip] SIP vrs TEL URI
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Hi everyone,
Please help to provide an easy to understand explanation of differences
between SIP and TEL URI.
What is the latest preference/recommendation?
Thanks in advance / Ellen Robins
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Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2008 08:40:50 +0800
From: "=?GB2312?B?y+/X2r79?=" <szj087@gmail.com>
To: "James M. Polk" <jmpolk@cisco.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] What's the difference between session and dialog in SIP?
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Thanks for  all your kindly explanation.

Do you mean that dialog and session is one-2-one relationship and only
for different scenario and different context?

Thanks
BR
Zongjun

2008/4/24, James M. Polk <jmpolk@cisco.com>:
> At 01:28 PM 4/23/2008, Dale.Worley@comcast.net wrote:
>  >    From: "=?GB2312?B?y+/X2r79?=" <szj087@gmail.com>
>  >
>  >    I am confused about the conception of session and dialog in RFC 3261.
>  >    Although someone pointed out the dialog is a relationship between
>  >    peer-2-peer and session is a multimedia relative relation, I am still
>  >    not clear about that.
>  >
>  >As I understand the terms, a "session" is the set of media
>  >transmisstions described/controlled by a series of SDP offer/answer
>  >exchanges.  These exchanges are usually carried by the messages in one
>  >SIP dialog.
>
>
> To this too, these terms are often meant to be interchangeable - even
>  though technically they are separate terms with subtlety different
>  actual meanings (SDP "sessions", and SIP "dialogs"). Sessions and
>  Dialogs can, sometimes mean the same thing. Thus it requires a bit of
>  understanding the context in which either is stated in to understand
>  if they are meaning one or the other, or were misused for the same meaning.
>
>
>
>  >Dale
>  >_______________________________________________
>  >Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>  >This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>  >Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>  >Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>
>  _______________________________________________
>  Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>  This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>  Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>  Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] What's the difference between session and dialog in SIP?
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr 23 20:19:41 2008
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To: "Robins, Ellen" <Ellen.Robins@team.telstra.com>
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On Apr 23, 2008, at 5:52 PM, Robins, Ellen wrote:

> Hi everyone,
> Please help to provide an easy to understand explanation of  
> differences
> between SIP and TEL URI.
> What is the latest preference/recommendation?

A TEL URI encodes a user identity that is a telephone number. A SIP  
URI encodes a user identity that may be a telephone number, may just  
look like a telephone number, or might be something else entirely.

In theory, tel provides a preferred encoding for telephone numbers. In  
practice, almost nothing uses it.

We've been debating recommendations along this divide steadily for the  
last few weeks.

--
Dean
_______________________________________________
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr 23 20:23:41 2008
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On Apr 23, 2008, at 12:29 PM, todd.d.binns@l-3com.com wrote:

> Hi,
>    I have been an user of SIP for a while, but never got into the  
> need to extend it.  I have tried to do an extensive research to see  
> if there are any draft or RFC that handles the requirements that I  
> am requested to do.  Here is the scenario that I am trying to fulfill.
>
> A UA (custom hardware/software) wants to place or change the call  
> into a secure call.  It notifies the other participant by an INVITE  
> or NOTIFY and both UA agree on the change and the details of the  
> security.  There are several different method of securing the call,  
> and that would be included in the parameter passed between the UA.   
> If this is not possible is there a way to embed the parameters into  
> the header of the INVITE or NOTIFY so at least both UA know of the  
> request?
>

What do you mean, "secured call"? This term means many different  
things to even more different people.

You might look at:

  http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-sips-08.txt

which has completed working group last call and I'm about to send to  
the IESG, and at:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requirements-04.txt

and

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-dtls-srtp-framework-01.txt

which, if I recall aright, are currently in working group last call.

--
Dean


_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr 23 21:34:21 2008
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From: Dean Willis <dean.willis@softarmor.com>
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Subject: [Sip] Draft shepherd writeup for draft-ietf-sip-sips
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I seem to have lucked into the job of shepherding the SIPS draft  
through the IESG. This process is more or less documented at:

http://www3.tools.ietf.org/group/proto/home/

The first step is prepping the document for IESG submission. This  
entails giving it a read-through, running the idnots checker, looking  
for a few common errors, and so on. There's a checklist for the writeup.

The following is my first draft at the writeup. Please look through  
and see if there's anything you disagree with or you think I just got  
wrong.

I'll plan to send this into the IESG relatively soon.

Thanks!


---------------



Document Shepherd Write-Up for draft-ietf-sip-sips


This based on is template for the Document Shepherd Write-Up dated
February 1, 2007.



    (1.a)  Who is the Document Shepherd for this document?  Has the
           Document Shepherd personally reviewed this version of the
           document and, in particular, does he or she believe this
           version is ready for forwarding to the IESG for publication?

The Document Shepherd for this document is Dean Willis, current
co-chair of the SIP working group. He has reviewed this version of the
document and several previous versions in depth and believes this
version (outside of minor reference issues noted herein) is ready for
forwarding to the IESG for publication.

    (1.b)  Has the document had adequate review both from key WG members
           and from key non-WG members?  Does the Document Shepherd have
           any concerns about the depth or breadth of the reviews that
           have been performed?

The document has been extensively reviewed within the working group
and received extensive additional refinement from our security area
adviser Eric Rescorla. It entered working group last call as version
-05 on July 9, 2007 and was subsequently reviewed through three
iterations.

    (1.c)  Does the Document Shepherd have concerns that the document
           needs more review from a particular or broader perspective,
           e.g., security, operational complexity, someone familiar with
           AAA, internationalization or XML?
No.


    (1.d)  Does the Document Shepherd have any specific concerns or
           issues with this document that the Responsible Area Director
           and/or the IESG should be aware of?  For example, perhaps he
           or she is uncomfortable with certain parts of the document,  
or
           has concerns whether there really is a need for it.  In any
           event, if the WG has discussed those issues and has indicated
           that it still wishes to advance the document, detail those
           concerns here.  Has an IPR disclosure related to this  
document
           been filed?  If so, please include a reference to the
           disclosure and summarize the WG discussion and conclusion on
           this issue.

This shepherd has no issues of this sort.

    (1.e)  How solid is the WG consensus behind this document?  Does it
           represent the strong concurrence of a few individuals, with
           others being silent, or does the WG as a whole understand and
           agree with it?

This draft enjoys a relatively high level of working group
consensus. We've repeatedly revisited every issue until all known
significant issues (other than the fundamentals of underlying
complexity) have been resolved.


    (1.f)  Has anyone threatened an appeal or otherwise indicated  
extreme
           discontent?  If so, please summarise the areas of conflict in
           separate email messages to the Responsible Area Director.   
(It
           should be in a separate email because this questionnaire is
           entered into the ID Tracker.)

This shepherd is unaware of any evidence of extreme discontent with
this document.

    (1.g)  Has the Document Shepherd personally verified that the
           document satisfies all ID nits?  (See
           http://www.ietf.org/ID-Checklist.html and
           http://tools.ietf.org/tools/idnits/).  Boilerplate checks are
           not enough; this check needs to be thorough.  Has the  
document
           met all formal review criteria it needs to, such as the MIB
           Doctor, media type and URI type reviews?

This shepherd has verified that the document satisfies all I-D
nits. Note that the idnits tool falsely reports a non-compliant IP
address -- the text it cites is actually a chapter-and-paragraph
reference to another document. Also noted is that this document
references both the obsolete RFC 2543 and current RFC 3261. This dual
reference is intentional, as it is the intent of this document to
clarify an issue with RFC 2543 that RFC 3261 also tried to clarify.

Note also that this document references draft-ietf-sip-outbound-11,
which is currently -13. The material referenced has not been affected
by these revisions, and publication of this document by the RF editor
will be blocked pending publication of draft-ietf-sip-outbound anyhow.


    (1.h)  Has the document split its references into normative and
           informative?  Are there normative references to documents  
that
           are not ready for advancement or are otherwise in an unclear
           state?  If such normative references exist, what is the
           strategy for their completion?  Are there normative  
references
           that are downward references, as described in [RFC3967]?  If
           so, list these downward references to support the Area
           Director in the Last Call procedure for them [RFC3967].

The references are properly divided. There is a normative reference to
draft-ietf-sip-outbound that will probably delay this document.


    (1.i)  Has the Document Shepherd verified that the document IANA
           consideration section exists and is consistent with the body
           of the document?  If the document specifies protocol
           extensions, are reservations requested in appropriate IANA
           registries?  Are the IANA registries clearly identified?  If
           the document creates a new registry, does it define the
           proposed initial contents of the registry and an allocation
           procedure for future registrations?  Does it suggest a
           reasonable name for the new registry?  See [RFC2434].  If the
           document describes an Expert Review process has Shepherd
           conferred with the Responsible Area Director so that the IESG
           can appoint the needed Expert during the IESG Evaluation?

The IANA Considerations section is present and appears to be reasonable.


    (1.j)  Has the Document Shepherd verified that sections of the
           document that are written in a formal language, such as XML
           code, BNF rules, MIB definitions, etc., validate correctly in
           an automated checker?

The document appears to contain no sections specified in a formal  
language.

    (1.k)  The IESG approval announcement includes a Document
           Announcement Write-Up.  Please provide such a Document
           Announcement Write-Up?  Recent examples can be found in the
           "Action" announcements for approved documents.  The approval
           announcement contains the following sections:

           Technical Summary
              Relevant content can frequently be found in the abstract
              and/or introduction of the document.  If not, this may be
              an indication that there are deficiencies in the abstract
              or introduction.

Technical Summary:

This document updates RFC 3261 to provide clarifications and
guidelines concerning the use of the SIPS URI scheme in the Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP).  This document also provides a discussion
of possible future steps in specification.

The SIPS URI scheme was originally documented in RFC 3261, but
experience has shown that the specification therein is incomplete, and
that at least one use case that increased the complexity of the
specification (the "last hop exception") can be eliminated.

Several possible error conditions relating to mismatch of sips vs. sip
on sending and receiving ends exist. This documents adds new SIP error
codes to provide for the detection and correction of these error
conditions.


           Working Group Summary
              Was there anything in WG process that is worth noting?   
For
              example, was there controversy about particular points or
              were there decisions where the consensus was particularly
              rough?

Working Group Summary:

There were several topics of significance that are worth noting.

The foremost is the deprecation of the "last hop exception" from RFC
3261. This exception allowed a proxy/registrar supporting SIPS to
relay requests received using SIPS on to user agent servers that did
not indicate support for SIPS. This increases the complexity of
implementations and weakens the end-to-end assurance of signaling
security provided by SIPS. After extensive debate, the working group
resolved to eliminate this exception and make SIPS fully
end-to-end. Doing so required extensive discussion and annotation on
what "end to end" means in the context of gateways to non-SIP
protocols.

Detection and correction of error conditions resulting where a UAC has
specified a SIPS request and the terminating UAS has not registered a
SIP contact, or where the UAC has specified a SIP request and the
terminating UAS has registered only a SIP contact was another problem
requiring extensive discussion. The "obvious" approach of using 400
class responses created problems when interacting with forking
proxies. The WG concluded on using two new 300-class SIP response
codes to enable request resolution in these scenarios.

During the process of developing this specification, the working group
began to converge on a new process for incrementally updating RFC
3261. As a precursor to this process, this specification contains an
appendix that provides explicit in-context changes to RFC 3261 as
required by this specification. The intent here is to reduce the
complexity of discussions at interoperability events.


           Document Quality
              Are there existing implementations of the protocol?   
Have a
              significant number of vendors indicated their plan to
              implement the specification?  Are there any reviewers that
              merit special mention as having done a thorough review,
              e.g., one that resulted in important changes or a
              conclusion that the document had no substantive issues?   
If
              there was a MIB Doctor, Media Type or other expert review,
              what was its course (briefly)?  In the case of a Media  
Type
              review, on what date was the request posted?

There are several notable implementations of the specification at
varying levels of maturity. The SIPIt interop events have included
SIPS for some time, and the changes in this specification were in-part
driven by experiences at those interop events.

The document' Acknowledgements section cites numerous active
participants for providing detailed review.

_______________________________________________
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2008 14:34:30 +0530
From: "ajay thakur" <thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com>
To: sip@ietf.org
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Subject: [Sip] SIP refer method
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Hi guys,
I have one doubt related to refer method.


A---------|
           |
           |--------Router-----------------C
B---------|

In the above topology A & B phones are internal phones. C is external phone.


Scenario is A calls C  and then A refers B to C;

So when A sends refer message to C it includes B's SIP URI. Now my doubt is
can we have port number along with this address.

e.g. Refer-To:<sip:xxx@ip-address:port-number>


Thanks
Ajay

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Hi guys,<br>I have one doubt related to refer method. <br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<br>A---------|<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |--------Router-----------------C<br>B---------|<br>&nbsp;<br>In the above topology A &amp; B phones are internal phones. C is external phone. <br>
&nbsp;<br>Scenario is A calls C&nbsp; and then A refers B to C;<br>&nbsp;<br>So when A sends refer message to C it includes B&#39;s SIP URI. Now my doubt is <br>can we have port number along with this address.<br>&nbsp;<br>e.g. Refer-To:&lt;sip:xxx@ip-address:<font color="#ff0000">port-number</font>&gt;<br>
&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<br>Thanks<br>Ajay

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_______________________________________________
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Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
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From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Apr 24 07:01:18 2008
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Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2008 09:00:48 -0500
From: "Vijay K. Gurbani" <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>
Organization: Bell Labs Security Technology Research Group
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, discussion@sipforum.org, bmwg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] What's the difference between session and dialog in SIP?
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There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG to create performance
metrics around SIP.  One of the first tasks in such an endeavor
is to define the notion of dialogs and sessions.  Please see
Section 3.1.1 of
https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/dra=
ft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt
of the above draft for some insight.

=CB=EF=D7=DA=BE=FD wrote:
> Hi, Lincoln
> =

> thanks for your instructions.
> =

> I know that dialog can exist without session since SUBSCRIBE/REFER can
> create dialog and without any media between communication peers.
> =

> What I want to know is the relationship of dialog and session when
> they both exist in one communication activity. Take a example, when
> there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say there is a
> dialog and a session.
> =

> But when one caller invites another callee and gets five 200 final
> responses from 5 UA every of which has its own session description. We
> can say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and the other 5
> callees, right? And then what is the exact number of session in this
> scenario? One session or five session? That is what I want to know.
> =

> Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/to tag) and session id
> is determined by session id given in the SDP message.  My answer is
> there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?

- vijay
-- =

Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
WWW:   http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs
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Subject: [Sip] SIP refer method
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Hi guys,
I have one doubt related to refer method.


A---------|
           |
           |--------Router-----------------C
B---------|

In the above topology A & B phones are internal phones. C is external phone.


Scenario is A calls C  and then A refers B to C;

So when A sends refer message to C it includes B's SIP URI. Now my doubt is
can we have port number along with this address.

e.g. Refer-To:<sip:xxx@ip-address:port-number>


Thanks
Ajay

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<div>Hi guys,</div>
<div>I have one doubt related to refer method. </div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>A---------|</div>
<div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|</div>
<div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |--------Router-----------------C</div>
<div>B---------|</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>In the above topology A &amp; B phones are internal phones. C is external phone. </div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Scenario is A calls C&nbsp; and then A refers B to C;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>So when A sends refer message to C it includes B&#39;s SIP URI. Now my doubt is </div>
<div>can we have port number along with this address.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>e.g. Refer-To:&lt;sip:xxx@ip-address:<font color="#cc0000">port-number</font>&gt;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Thanks</div>
<div>Ajay</div>

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Subject: Re: [Sip] SIP refer method
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At 04:04 AM 4/24/2008, ajay thakur wrote:
>Hi guys,
>I have one doubt related to refer method.
>
>
>A---------|
>            |
>            |--------Router-----------------C
>B---------|
>
>In the above topology A & B phones are internal phones. C is external phone.
>
>Scenario is A calls C  and then A refers B to C;

If A calls C, the either A or C need to send the REFER to the other, 
telling one of them to contact B.  For example, A calls C, and then A 
sends REFER to C to contact B. C will now send an INVITE to B with a 
Contact: header value of A

>
>So when A sends refer message to C it includes B's SIP URI.

In the Refer-To: header, yes

>Now my doubt is
>can we have port number along with this address.

why not?

>
>e.g. Refer-To:<sip:xxx@ip-address:port-number>
>
>
>Thanks
>Ajay
>_______________________________________________
>Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

_______________________________________________
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From: "=?GB2312?B?y+/X2r79?=" <szj087@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] What's the difference between session and dialog in SIP?
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Hi, Vijay

Thanks very much for your timely answers.

From this specification,  session is a combination of signaling plane
and media plane messages and processes that enable two or more
participants to communicate. I think session is a larger scope than
dialog. In another word, one session can contain more than one dialog.
Is what I understand right?

Zongjun


2008/4/24, Vijay K. Gurbani <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>:
> There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG to create performance
>  metrics around SIP.  One of the first tasks in such an endeavor
>  is to define the notion of dialogs and sessions.  Please see
>  Section 3.1.1 of
> https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/d=
raft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt
>  of the above draft for some insight.
>
>  =CB=EF=D7=DA=BE=FD wrote:
>
> > Hi, Lincoln
> >
> > thanks for your instructions.
> >
> > I know that dialog can exist without session since SUBSCRIBE/REFER can
> > create dialog and without any media between communication peers.
> >
> > What I want to know is the relationship of dialog and session when
> > they both exist in one communication activity. Take a example, when
> > there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say there is a
> > dialog and a session.
> >
> > But when one caller invites another callee and gets five 200 final
> > responses from 5 UA every of which has its own session description. We
> > can say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and the other 5
> > callees, right? And then what is the exact number of session in this
> > scenario? One session or five session? That is what I want to know.
> >
> > Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/to tag) and session id
> > is determined by session id given in the SDP message.  My answer is
> > there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?
> >
>
>  - vijay
>  --
>  Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
>  2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
>  Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
>  WWW:   http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs
>
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Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2008 11:48:30 +0530
From: "ajay thakur" <thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] SIP refer method
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James If there is any kind of firewall enabled on Router then connection
from C to B is not allowed. That's what is main worry :(

Ajay

On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 5:33 AM, James M. Polk <jmpolk@cisco.com> wrote:

> At 04:04 AM 4/24/2008, ajay thakur wrote:
>
>> Hi guys,
>> I have one doubt related to refer method.
>>
>>
>> A---------|
>>           |
>>           |--------Router-----------------C
>> B---------|
>>
>> In the above topology A & B phones are internal phones. C is external
>> phone.
>>
>> Scenario is A calls C  and then A refers B to C;
>>
>
> If A calls C, the either A or C need to send the REFER to the other,
> telling one of them to contact B.  For example, A calls C, and then A sends
> REFER to C to contact B. C will now send an INVITE to B with a Contact:
> header value of A
>
>
>> So when A sends refer message to C it includes B's SIP URI.
>>
>
> In the Refer-To: header, yes
>
> Now my doubt is
>> can we have port number along with this address.
>>
>
> why not?
>
>
>> e.g. Refer-To:<sip:xxx@ip-address:port-number>
>>
>>
>> Thanks
>> Ajay
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>
>
>

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<div>James If there is any kind of firewall enabled on Router then connection</div>
<div>from C to B is not allowed. That&#39;s what is main worry :( </div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Ajay<br><br></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 5:33 AM, James M. Polk &lt;<a href="mailto:jmpolk@cisco.com">jmpolk@cisco.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">
<div class="Ih2E3d">At 04:04 AM 4/24/2008, ajay thakur wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">Hi guys,<br>I have one doubt related to refer method.<br><br><br>A---------|<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |--------Router-----------------C<br>
B---------|<br><br>In the above topology A &amp; B phones are internal phones. C is external phone.<br><br>Scenario is A calls C &nbsp;and then A refers B to C;<br></blockquote><br></div>If A calls C, the either A or C need to send the REFER to the other, telling one of them to contact B. &nbsp;For example, A calls C, and then A sends REFER to C to contact B. C will now send an INVITE to B with a Contact: header value of A 
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br><br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid"><br>So when A sends refer message to C it includes B&#39;s SIP URI.<br></blockquote><br></div>In the Refer-To: header, yes 
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br><br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">Now my doubt is<br>can we have port number along with this address.<br></blockquote><br></div>why not?<br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>e.g. Refer-To:&lt;sip:xxx@ip-address:port-number&gt;<br><br><br>Thanks<br>Ajay<br></div>_______________________________________________<br>Sip mailing list &nbsp;<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip</a><br>
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol<br>Use <a href="mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu" target="_blank">sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu</a> for questions on current sip<br>Use <a href="mailto:sipping@ietf.org" target="_blank">sipping@ietf.org</a> for new developments on the application of sip<br>
</blockquote><br></blockquote></div><br>

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Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2008 17:34:00 +0800
From: "Donald Lee" <baolovebao@gmail.com>
To: "ajay thakur" <thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org, "James M. Polk" <jmpolk@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] SIP refer method
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in case there is firewall or like nat issues b/w C and B, the normal REFER
will be failed to enable the C INVITE B.  how the INVITE can be routed to B
correctly?

On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 2:18 PM, ajay thakur <thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com>
wrote:

> James If there is any kind of firewall enabled on Router then connection
> from C to B is not allowed. That's what is main worry :(
>
> Ajay
>
> On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 5:33 AM, James M. Polk <jmpolk@cisco.com> wrote:
>
>> At 04:04 AM 4/24/2008, ajay thakur wrote:
>>
>>> Hi guys,
>>> I have one doubt related to refer method.
>>>
>>>
>>> A---------|
>>>           |
>>>           |--------Router-----------------C
>>> B---------|
>>>
>>> In the above topology A & B phones are internal phones. C is external
>>> phone.
>>>
>>> Scenario is A calls C  and then A refers B to C;
>>>
>>
>> If A calls C, the either A or C need to send the REFER to the other,
>> telling one of them to contact B.  For example, A calls C, and then A sends
>> REFER to C to contact B. C will now send an INVITE to B with a Contact:
>> header value of A
>>
>>
>>> So when A sends refer message to C it includes B's SIP URI.
>>>
>>
>> In the Refer-To: header, yes
>>
>> Now my doubt is
>>> can we have port number along with this address.
>>>
>>
>> why not?
>>
>>
>>> e.g. Refer-To:<sip:xxx@ip-address:port-number>
>>>
>>>
>>> Thanks
>>> Ajay
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>
>>
>>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>



-- 
BR
Donald

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in case there is firewall or like nat issues b/w C and B, the normal REFER will be failed to enable the C INVITE B.&nbsp; how the INVITE can be routed to B correctly?<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 2:18 PM, ajay thakur &lt;<a href="mailto:thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com">thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;"><div>James If there is any kind of firewall enabled on Router then connection</div>
<div>from C to B is not allowed. That&#39;s what is main worry :( </div>
<div>&nbsp;</div><font color="#888888">
<div>Ajay<br><br></div></font><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">
<div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 5:33 AM, James M. Polk &lt;<a href="mailto:jmpolk@cisco.com" target="_blank">jmpolk@cisco.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
<div>At 04:04 AM 4/24/2008, ajay thakur wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">Hi guys,<br>I have one doubt related to refer method.<br><br><br>A---------|<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |--------Router-----------------C<br>
B---------|<br><br>In the above topology A &amp; B phones are internal phones. C is external phone.<br><br>Scenario is A calls C &nbsp;and then A refers B to C;<br></blockquote><br></div>If A calls C, the either A or C need to send the REFER to the other, telling one of them to contact B. &nbsp;For example, A calls C, and then A sends REFER to C to contact B. C will now send an INVITE to B with a Contact: header value of A 
<div><br><br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;"><br>So when A sends refer message to C it includes B&#39;s SIP URI.<br></blockquote><br></div>
In the Refer-To: header, yes 
<div><br><br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">Now my doubt is<br>can we have port number along with this address.<br></blockquote><br></div>
why not?<br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
<div><br>e.g. Refer-To:&lt;sip:xxx@ip-address:port-number&gt;<br><br><br>Thanks<br>Ajay<br></div>_______________________________________________<br>Sip mailing list &nbsp;<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip</a><br>

This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol<br>Use <a href="mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu" target="_blank">sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu</a> for questions on current sip<br>Use <a href="mailto:sipping@ietf.org" target="_blank">sipping@ietf.org</a> for new developments on the application of sip<br>

</blockquote><br></blockquote></div><br>
</div></div><br>_______________________________________________<br>
Sip mailing list &nbsp;<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip</a><br>
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol<br>
Use <a href="mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu">sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu</a> for questions on current sip<br>
Use <a href="mailto:sipping@ietf.org">sipping@ietf.org</a> for new developments on the application of sip<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>BR<br>Donald

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Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
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_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Sip] SIP refer method
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At 04:34 AM 4/25/2008, Donald Lee wrote:
>in case there is firewall or like nat issues b/w C and B, the normal 
>REFER will be failed to enable the C INVITE B.  how the INVITE can 
>be routed to B correctly?
>
>On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 2:18 PM, ajay thakur 
><<mailto:thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com>thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:
>James If there is any kind of firewall enabled on Router then connection
>from C to B is not allowed. That's what is main worry :(

First of all, no one mentioned a firewall in this scenario.

But if there is a firewall, how exactly will the firewall fail the 
SIP request (I know it can be configured to block anything (or 
everything), but is this normally the problem)? Won't SIP perform 
fine, and the problem be a RTP stream issue *IF* there is a NAT involved?

A lot depends on where the firewall (and NAT) are in this A-B-C scenario below.

BTW - check this ID out for answers to NATs (that weren't offered in 
the original scenario):

         Title          : Best Current Practices for NAT Traversal for SIP
         Author(s)      : C. Boulton, et al.
         Filename       : draft-ietf-sipping-nat-scenarios-08.txt
         Pages          : 62
         Date           : 2008-04-25

Traversal of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the sessions
it establishes through Network Address Translators (NAT) is a complex
problem. Currently there are many deployment scenarios and traversal
mechanisms for media traffic. This document aims to provide concrete
recommendations and a unified method for NAT traversal as well as
documenting corresponding flows.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sipping-nat-scenarios-08.txt

>
>Ajay
>
>On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 5:33 AM, James M. Polk 
><<mailto:jmpolk@cisco.com>jmpolk@cisco.com> wrote:
>At 04:04 AM 4/24/2008, ajay thakur wrote:
>Hi guys,
>I have one doubt related to refer method.
>
>
>A---------|
>           |
>           |--------Router-----------------C
>B---------|
>
>In the above topology A & B phones are internal phones. C is external phone.
>
>Scenario is A calls C  and then A refers B to C;
>
>
>If A calls C, the either A or C need to send the REFER to the other, 
>telling one of them to contact B.  For example, A calls C, and then 
>A sends REFER to C to contact B. C will now send an INVITE to B with 
>a Contact: header value of A
>
>
>
>So when A sends refer message to C it includes B's SIP URI.
>
>
>In the Refer-To: header, yes
>
>
>Now my doubt is
>can we have port number along with this address.
>
>
>why not?
>
>
>e.g. Refer-To:<sip:xxx@ip-address:port-number>
>
>
>Thanks
>Ajay
>_______________________________________________
>Sip mailing 
>list 
><https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>Use 
><mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu>sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu 
>for questions on current sip
>Use <mailto:sipping@ietf.org>sipping@ietf.org for new developments 
>on the application of sip
>
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Sip mailing 
>list 
><https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>Use 
><mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu>sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu 
>for questions on current sip
>Use <mailto:sipping@ietf.org>sipping@ietf.org for new developments 
>on the application of sip
>
>
>
>
>--
>BR
>Donald

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Subject: Re: [Sip] What's the difference between session and dialog in SIP?
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At 04:44 AM 4/25/2008, Donald Lee wrote:
>old good questions in sip, also add another "transaction".
>
>
>On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:18 AM, =E5=AD=99=E5=AE=97=E5=90=9B =

><<mailto:szj087@gmail.com>szj087@gmail.com> wrote:
>Hi, Vijay
>
>Thanks very much for your timely answers.
>
> From this specification,  session is a combination of signaling plane
>and media plane messages and processes that enable two or more
>participants to communicate. I think session is a larger scope than
>dialog. In another word, one session can contain more than one dialog.
>Is what I understand right?

A SIP dialog has the one Call-ID.  If more than =

one session is involved in the same Call-ID, then =

more than one session is within the same =

dialog.  At issue, I think, is there is little =

tying any particular SDP session to a particular =

SIP Call-ID.  This creates confusion telling the difference between the two.


>Zongjun
>
>
>2008/4/24, Vijay K. Gurbani =

><<mailto:vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>:
> > There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG to create performance
> >  metrics around SIP.  One of the first tasks in such an endeavor
> >  is to define the notion of dialogs and sessions.  Please see
> >  Section 3.1.1 of
> > =

> <https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/=
draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt>https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts=
/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt
> >  of the above draft for some insight.
> >
> >  =C3=8B=C3=AF=C3=97=C3=9A=C2=BE=C3=BD wrote:
> >
> > > Hi, Lincoln
> > >
> > > thanks for your instructions.
> > >
> > > I know that dialog can exist without session since SUBSCRIBE/REFER can
> > > create dialog and without any media between communication peers.
> > >
> > > What I want to know is the relationship of dialog and session when
> > > they both exist in one communication activity. Take a example, when
> > > there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say there is a
> > > dialog and a session.
> > >
> > > But when one caller invites another callee and gets five 200 final
> > > responses from 5 UA every of which has its own session description. We
> > > can say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and the other 5
> > > callees, right? And then what is the exact number of session in this
> > > scenario? One session or five session? That is what I want to know.
> > >
> > > Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/to tag) and session id
> > > is determined by session id given in the SDP message.  My answer is
> > > there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?
> > >
> >
> >  - vijay
> >  --
> >  Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
> >  2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
> >  Email: =

> vkg@{<http://alcatel-lucent.com>alcatel-lucent.com,<http://bell-labs.com>=
bell-labs.com,<http://acm.org>acm.org}
> >  WWW: =

> <http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs>http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/be=
ll-labs
> >
>_______________________________________________
>Sip mailing =

>list =

><https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/li=
stinfo/sip
>This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>Use =

><mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu>sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu =

>for questions on current sip
>Use <mailto:sipping@ietf.org>sipping@ietf.org =

>for new developments on the application of sip
>
>
>
>
>--
>BR
>Donald
>_______________________________________________
>Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

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Subject: Re: [Sip] What's the difference between session and dialog in SIP?
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If you have any follow-ups, you may want to move them to
the sip-implementors list (sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu).

=CB=EF=D7=DA=BE=FD wrote:
> Hi, Vijay
> =

> Thanks very much for your timely answers.
> =

> From this specification,  session is a combination of signaling plane
> and media plane messages and processes that enable two or more
> participants to communicate. I think session is a larger scope than
> dialog. In another word, one session can contain more than one dialog.
> Is what I understand right?

The term session, as James pointed out, is a bit stretched.
What a user would consider a "session" may include many dialogs
and SDP sessions.  For instance, consider your example:

    But when one caller invites another callee and gets five
    200 final responses from 5 UA every of which has its own
    session description. We can say that there are 5 dialogs
    between caller and the other 5 callees, right? And then
    what is the exact number of session in this scenario?
    One session or five session?

This could ostensibly be a conferencing service that sends out
five INVITEs, the SDP of each of these INVITEs may have a
the same session (s=3D) name, although many user agents do not
populate this field.  Of more importance is the <sess-id> of the
SDP o=3D field.  The conferencing service may use the same sess-id
or may generate different ones (I don't believe it matters.)
In this case, you have five distinct dialogs tied to the
same session from the perspective of the conferencing service
(even though they may have different <sess-id> values.)

Now, turn this around so that you have five people connecting
to a conference bridge simultaneously.  Here, each individual
INVITE will have its own <sess-id>, and there are five dialogs,
but ostensibly you would still consider this a single user-level
session.

- vijay
-- =

Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
WWW:   http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Session Initiation Protocol Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : A Framework for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Session Policies
	Author(s)       : V. Hilt, et al.
	Filename        : draft-ietf-sip-session-policy-framework-03.txt
	Pages           : 35
	Date            : 2008-04-27

Proxy servers play a central role as an intermediary in the Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) as they define and impact policies on call
routing, rendezvous, and other call features.  This document
specifies a framework for SIP session policies that provides a
standard mechanism by which a proxy can define or influence policies
on sessions, such as the codecs or media types to be used.  It
defines a model, an overall architecture and new protocol mechanisms
for session policies.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
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Date: Mon, 28 Apr 2008 12:24:53 +0530
From: "ajay thakur" <thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com>
To: "James M. Polk" <jmpolk@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] SIP refer method
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James,
I will try to explain problem here.
A---------|
           |
           |--------Router-----------------C
B---------|
On router access list is used to deny incoming calls from outside to
internal network.
A,B are internal network. And C is on WAN side.
Outgoing calls are allowed through access lists.


Now call from A to C works perfectly when A initiates call.
Now when A wants to transfer call to other internal phone (B in this case),
then A sends refer message to C.

Now C tries to connect to B and C uses contact address of B to connect. But
incoming calls from WAN side is not allowed. So what can be done to fix
these kind of problems ?


Thanks
Ajay
On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 9:58 PM, James M. Polk <jmpolk@cisco.com> wrote:

> At 04:34 AM 4/25/2008, Donald Lee wrote:
>
> > in case there is firewall or like nat issues b/w C and B, the normal
> > REFER will be failed to enable the C INVITE B.  how the INVITE can be routed
> > to B correctly?
> >
> > On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 2:18 PM, ajay thakur <<mailto:
> > thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com>thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:
> > James If there is any kind of firewall enabled on Router then connection
> > from C to B is not allowed. That's what is main worry :(
> >
>
> First of all, no one mentioned a firewall in this scenario.
>
> But if there is a firewall, how exactly will the firewall fail the SIP
> request (I know it can be configured to block anything (or everything), but
> is this normally the problem)? Won't SIP perform fine, and the problem be a
> RTP stream issue *IF* there is a NAT involved?
>
> A lot depends on where the firewall (and NAT) are in this A-B-C scenario
> below.
>
> BTW - check this ID out for answers to NATs (that weren't offered in the
> original scenario):
>
>        Title          : Best Current Practices for NAT Traversal for SIP
>        Author(s)      : C. Boulton, et al.
>        Filename       : draft-ietf-sipping-nat-scenarios-08.txt
>        Pages          : 62
>        Date           : 2008-04-25
>
> Traversal of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the sessions
> it establishes through Network Address Translators (NAT) is a complex
> problem. Currently there are many deployment scenarios and traversal
> mechanisms for media traffic. This document aims to provide concrete
> recommendations and a unified method for NAT traversal as well as
> documenting corresponding flows.
>
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
>
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sipping-nat-scenarios-08.txt
>
>
> > Ajay
> >
> > On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 5:33 AM, James M. Polk <<mailto:jmpolk@cisco.com
> > >jmpolk@cisco.com> wrote:
> > At 04:04 AM 4/24/2008, ajay thakur wrote:
> > Hi guys,
> > I have one doubt related to refer method.
> >
> >
> > A---------|
> >          |
> >          |--------Router-----------------C
> > B---------|
> >
> > In the above topology A & B phones are internal phones. C is external
> > phone.
> >
> > Scenario is A calls C  and then A refers B to C;
> >
> >
> > If A calls C, the either A or C need to send the REFER to the other,
> > telling one of them to contact B.  For example, A calls C, and then A sends
> > REFER to C to contact B. C will now send an INVITE to B with a Contact:
> > header value of A
> >
> >
> >
> > So when A sends refer message to C it includes B's SIP URI.
> >
> >
> > In the Refer-To: header, yes
> >
> >
> > Now my doubt is
> > can we have port number along with this address.
> >
> >
> > why not?
> >
> >
> > e.g. Refer-To:<sip:xxx@ip-address:port-number>
> >
> >
> > Thanks
> > Ajay
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip>
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> > Use <mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu>
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> > Use <mailto:sipping@ietf.org>sipping@ietf.org for new developments on
> > the application of sip
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sip mailing list <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip>
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> > Use <mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu>
> > sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> > Use <mailto:sipping@ietf.org>sipping@ietf.org for new developments on
> > the application of sip
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > --
> > BR
> > Donald
> >
>
>

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<div>James,</div>
<div>I will try to explain problem here.<br></div>
<div>A---------|<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;|--------Router-----------------C<br>B---------|<br></div>
<div>On router access list is used to deny incoming calls from outside to internal network.</div>
<div>A,B are internal network. And C is&nbsp;on WAN side.&nbsp;</div>
<div>Outgoing&nbsp;calls are allowed through access lists.&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Now call from A to C works perfectly&nbsp;when A initiates call.&nbsp;</div>
<div>Now when A wants to transfer call to other internal phone (B in this case), then&nbsp;A sends refer message to C.&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Now C tries to connect to B and C uses&nbsp;contact address of B to connect. But incoming calls from WAN side is not allowed. So&nbsp;what can be&nbsp;done to fix these&nbsp;kind of problems ?</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Thanks</div>
<div>Ajay&nbsp;<br></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 9:58 PM, James M. Polk &lt;<a href="mailto:jmpolk@cisco.com">jmpolk@cisco.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">
<div class="Ih2E3d">At 04:34 AM 4/25/2008, Donald Lee wrote:<br></div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">
<div class="Ih2E3d">in case there is firewall or like nat issues b/w C and B, the normal REFER will be failed to enable the C INVITE B. &nbsp;how the INVITE can be routed to B correctly?<br><br></div>
<div class="Ih2E3d">On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 2:18 PM, ajay thakur &lt;&lt;mailto:<a href="mailto:thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com" target="_blank">thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com</a>&gt;<a href="mailto:thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com" target="_blank">thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
James If there is any kind of firewall enabled on Router then connection<br>from C to B is not allowed. That&#39;s what is main worry :(<br></div></blockquote><br>First of all, no one mentioned a firewall in this scenario.<br>
<br>But if there is a firewall, how exactly will the firewall fail the SIP request (I know it can be configured to block anything (or everything), but is this normally the problem)? Won&#39;t SIP perform fine, and the problem be a RTP stream issue *IF* there is a NAT involved?<br>
<br>A lot depends on where the firewall (and NAT) are in this A-B-C scenario below.<br><br>BTW - check this ID out for answers to NATs (that weren&#39;t offered in the original scenario):<br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Title &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;: Best Current Practices for NAT Traversal for SIP<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Author(s) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;: C. Boulton, et al.<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Filename &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; : draft-ietf-sipping-nat-scenarios-08.txt<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Pages &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;: 62<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Date &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; : 2008-04-25<br><br>Traversal of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the sessions<br>
it establishes through Network Address Translators (NAT) is a complex<br>problem. Currently there are many deployment scenarios and traversal<br>mechanisms for media traffic. This document aims to provide concrete<br>recommendations and a unified method for NAT traversal as well as<br>
documenting corresponding flows.<br><br>A URL for this Internet-Draft is:<br><a href="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sipping-nat-scenarios-08.txt" target="_blank">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sipping-nat-scenarios-08.txt</a><br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid"><br>Ajay 
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br><br>On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 5:33 AM, James M. Polk &lt;&lt;mailto:<a href="mailto:jmpolk@cisco.com" target="_blank">jmpolk@cisco.com</a>&gt;<a href="mailto:jmpolk@cisco.com" target="_blank">jmpolk@cisco.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
At 04:04 AM 4/24/2008, ajay thakur wrote:<br>Hi guys,<br>I have one doubt related to refer method.<br><br><br>A---------|<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|--------Router-----------------C<br>B---------|<br><br>In the above topology A &amp; B phones are internal phones. C is external phone.<br>
<br>Scenario is A calls C &nbsp;and then A refers B to C;<br><br><br>If A calls C, the either A or C need to send the REFER to the other, telling one of them to contact B. &nbsp;For example, A calls C, and then A sends REFER to C to contact B. C will now send an INVITE to B with a Contact: header value of A<br>
<br><br><br>So when A sends refer message to C it includes B&#39;s SIP URI.<br><br><br>In the Refer-To: header, yes<br><br><br>Now my doubt is<br>can we have port number along with this address.<br><br><br>why not?<br><br>
<br>e.g. Refer-To:&lt;sip:xxx@ip-address:port-number&gt;<br><br><br>Thanks<br>Ajay<br>_______________________________________________<br></div>Sip mailing list &lt;<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip</a>&gt;<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip</a> 
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol<br></div>Use &lt;mailto:<a href="mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu" target="_blank">sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu</a>&gt;<a href="mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu" target="_blank">sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu</a> for questions on current sip<br>
Use &lt;mailto:<a href="mailto:sipping@ietf.org" target="_blank">sipping@ietf.org</a>&gt;<a href="mailto:sipping@ietf.org" target="_blank">sipping@ietf.org</a> for new developments on the application of sip<br><br><br><br>
<br>_______________________________________________<br>Sip mailing list &lt;<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip</a>&gt;<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip</a> 
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol<br></div>Use &lt;mailto:<a href="mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu" target="_blank">sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu</a>&gt;<a href="mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu" target="_blank">sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu</a> for questions on current sip<br>
Use &lt;mailto:<a href="mailto:sipping@ietf.org" target="_blank">sipping@ietf.org</a>&gt;<a href="mailto:sipping@ietf.org" target="_blank">sipping@ietf.org</a> for new developments on the application of sip<br><br><br><br>
<br>--<br>BR<br>Donald<br></blockquote><br></blockquote></div><br>

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_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
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Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
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At 01:54 AM 4/28/2008, ajay thakur wrote:
>James,
>I will try to explain problem here.
>A---------|
>            |
>            |--------Router-----------------C
>B---------|
>On router access list is used to deny incoming calls from outside to 
>internal network.
>A,B are internal network. And C is on WAN side.
>Outgoing calls are allowed through access lists.

what you describe means C cannot call A or B. This is fine, if you 
want to have a that level of denial, but you will have to live with C 
not being able to call A just the same as A not being allowed to 
transfer C to B.

Something will have to give for C to do anything into the A&B LAN 
segment other than answer a call from either A or B.

>
>
>Now call from A to C works perfectly when A initiates call.
>Now when A wants to transfer call to other internal phone (B in this 
>case), then A sends refer message to C.
>
>Now C tries to connect to B and C uses contact address of B to 
>connect. But incoming calls from WAN side is not allowed. So what 
>can be done to fix these kind of problems ?
>
>
>Thanks
>Ajay
>On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 9:58 PM, James M. Polk 
><<mailto:jmpolk@cisco.com>jmpolk@cisco.com> wrote:
>At 04:34 AM 4/25/2008, Donald Lee wrote:
>in case there is firewall or like nat issues b/w C and B, the normal 
>REFER will be failed to enable the C INVITE B.  how the INVITE can 
>be routed to B correctly?
>
>On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 2:18 PM, ajay thakur 
><<mailto:thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com>thakur.ajay.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:
>James If there is any kind of firewall enabled on Router then connection
>from C to B is not allowed. That's what is main worry :(
>
>
>First of all, no one mentioned a firewall in this scenario.
>
>But if there is a firewall, how exactly will the firewall fail the 
>SIP request (I know it can be configured to block anything (or 
>everything), but is this normally the problem)? Won't SIP perform 
>fine, and the problem be a RTP stream issue *IF* there is a NAT involved?
>
>A lot depends on where the firewall (and NAT) are in this A-B-C 
>scenario below.
>
>BTW - check this ID out for answers to NATs (that weren't offered in 
>the original scenario):
>
>        Title          : Best Current Practices for NAT Traversal for SIP
>        Author(s)      : C. Boulton, et al.
>        Filename       : draft-ietf-sipping-nat-scenarios-08.txt
>        Pages          : 62
>        Date           : 2008-04-25
>
>Traversal of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the sessions
>it establishes through Network Address Translators (NAT) is a complex
>problem. Currently there are many deployment scenarios and traversal
>mechanisms for media traffic. This document aims to provide concrete
>recommendations and a unified method for NAT traversal as well as
>documenting corresponding flows.
>
>A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
><http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sipping-nat-scenarios-08.txt>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sipping-nat-scenarios-08.txt
>
>
>Ajay
>
>
>On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 5:33 AM, James M. Polk 
><<mailto:jmpolk@cisco.com><mailto:jmpolk@cisco.com>jmpolk@cisco.com> wrote:
>At 04:04 AM 4/24/2008, ajay thakur wrote:
>Hi guys,
>I have one doubt related to refer method.
>
>
>A---------|
>          |
>          |--------Router-----------------C
>B---------|
>
>In the above topology A & B phones are internal phones. C is external phone.
>
>Scenario is A calls C  and then A refers B to C;
>
>
>If A calls C, the either A or C need to send the REFER to the other, 
>telling one of them to contact B.  For example, A calls C, and then 
>A sends REFER to C to contact B. C will now send an INVITE to B with 
>a Contact: header value of A
>
>
>
>So when A sends refer message to C it includes B's SIP URI.
>
>
>In the Refer-To: header, yes
>
>
>Now my doubt is
>can we have port number along with this address.
>
>
>why not?
>
>
>e.g. Refer-To:<sip:xxx@ip-address:port-number>
>
>
>Thanks
>Ajay
>_______________________________________________
>Sip mailing list 
><<https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip 
>
>
>This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>Use 
><mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu><mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu>sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu 
>for questions on current sip
>Use 
><mailto:sipping@ietf.org><mailto:sipping@ietf.org>sipping@ietf.org 
>for new developments on the application of sip
>
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Sip mailing list 
><<https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip 
>
>
>This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>Use 
><mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu><mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu>sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu 
>for questions on current sip
>Use 
><mailto:sipping@ietf.org><mailto:sipping@ietf.org>sipping@ietf.org 
>for new developments on the application of sip
>
>
>
>
>--
>BR
>Donald
>
>

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Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet
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Hi,
   Yes, it (security) does mean a lot to a lot of different people.
Thanks for all the responses.  I am reading the different suggested RFC
& drafts.  My question was more on how can one UA inform another UA that
it wants to make changes to their session/dialog.  In my case the
security will be different, but I want to have one UA initiate the
secure call (change to session/dialog), and the other UA to confirm.  As
stated I can use the X- header since both clients will be custom.  Is
there any other defined way that 2 UA should have this conversation, is
it only defined in the RFC3264? (An offer/answer model with the session
description protocol)

Thanks Again to everyone that made comments,
Todd

-----Original Message-----
From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, 23 April, 2008 11:24 PM
To: Binns, Todd D @ HENSCHEL
Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet


On Apr 23, 2008, at 12:29 PM, todd.d.binns@l-3com.com wrote:

> Hi,
>    I have been an user of SIP for a while, but never got into the  
> need to extend it.  I have tried to do an extensive research to see  
> if there are any draft or RFC that handles the requirements that I  
> am requested to do.  Here is the scenario that I am trying to fulfill.
>
> A UA (custom hardware/software) wants to place or change the call  
> into a secure call.  It notifies the other participant by an INVITE  
> or NOTIFY and both UA agree on the change and the details of the  
> security.  There are several different method of securing the call,  
> and that would be included in the parameter passed between the UA.   
> If this is not possible is there a way to embed the parameters into  
> the header of the INVITE or NOTIFY so at least both UA know of the  
> request?
>

What do you mean, "secured call"? This term means many different  
things to even more different people.

You might look at:

  http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-sips-08.txt

which has completed working group last call and I'm about to send to  
the IESG, and at:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requir
ements-04.txt

and

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-dtls-srtp-framework-0
1.txt

which, if I recall aright, are currently in working group last call.

--
Dean


_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
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Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of todd.d.binns@l-3com.com
> Sent: Monday, April 28, 2008 10:14 AM
> To: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet
> 
> Hi,
>    Yes, it (security) does mean a lot to a lot of different people.
> Thanks for all the responses.  I am reading the different 
> suggested RFC
> & drafts.  My question was more on how can one UA inform 
> another UA that
> it wants to make changes to their session/dialog.  In my case the
> security will be different, but I want to have one UA initiate the
> secure call (change to session/dialog), and the other UA to 
> confirm.  As
> stated I can use the X- header since both clients will be custom.  Is
> there any other defined way that 2 UA should have this 
> conversation, is
> it only defined in the RFC3264? (An offer/answer model with 
> the session
> description protocol)

If I understand correctly, you want to start a phone call with
RTP and then when something happens (user remembers to press the
big red "Secure This Call" button??), you want the phone to 
request switching to SRTP.  If that is correct, you would only
need to issue a re-INVITE (new SDP offer in the existing dialog), 
and that new SDP would indicate the phone wants SRTP (with 
an RTP profile of RTP/SAVP).  The remote phone would acknowledge 
that change in its SDP answer.

-d


> Thanks Again to everyone that made comments,
> Todd
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, 23 April, 2008 11:24 PM
> To: Binns, Todd D @ HENSCHEL
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet
> 
> 
> On Apr 23, 2008, at 12:29 PM, todd.d.binns@l-3com.com wrote:
> 
> > Hi,
> >    I have been an user of SIP for a while, but never got into the  
> > need to extend it.  I have tried to do an extensive 
> research to see  
> > if there are any draft or RFC that handles the requirements that I  
> > am requested to do.  Here is the scenario that I am trying 
> to fulfill.
> >
> > A UA (custom hardware/software) wants to place or change the call  
> > into a secure call.  It notifies the other participant by 
> an INVITE  
> > or NOTIFY and both UA agree on the change and the details of the  
> > security.  There are several different method of securing 
> the call,  
> > and that would be included in the parameter passed between 
> the UA.   
> > If this is not possible is there a way to embed the 
> parameters into  
> > the header of the INVITE or NOTIFY so at least both UA know of the  
> > request?
> >
> 
> What do you mean, "secured call"? This term means many different  
> things to even more different people.
> 
> You might look at:
> 
>   http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-sips-08.txt
> 
> which has completed working group last call and I'm about to send to  
> the IESG, and at:
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-media-secur
> ity-requir
> ements-04.txt
> 
> and
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-dtls-srtp-f
> ramework-0
> 1.txt
> 
> which, if I recall aright, are currently in working group last call.
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
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From: "Arun Punj" <arun.punj@ericsson.com>
To: <todd.d.binns@l-3com.com>, <sip@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet
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Todd,

I think in view of participants P1 and P2 of a secure call. The security
could imply following:
If P1 calls P2.
 R1 - P2 can verify that it is P1 who is calling. ( RFC4474 plus
manyother proposals)
 R2 - P1 can verify that is has reached P1        ( RFC4916 +++ )
 R3 - P1 and P2 can communicate data using SRTP ( encrypted)
   R31 -  Keys are hidden from all but P1 and P2. (TLS/Mikey SDES
exposes keys to proxies)
   R32 -  Keys and relevant security parameters can be exchanged betwene
P1 and P2. ( Mikey / SDES).

You want to know if R31 and R32 can be used/changed mid call, that is
the call starts with encryption and then a RE-INVITE is sent which would
change the session to encrypted. This is possible. For example, to do it
using SDES, your initial INVITE could be send without any a=crypto line
and SAVP profile and then could send another Re_INVITE with a=crypto.

Also could do best effort security. Which is put the a=crypto line in
the SDP, however, encryption is used only if both the offer and answer
have a=crypto line in it, otherwise send/receive unencrypted media. 

Best effort security and other endpoint capability negotiation is being
developed further and there a couple of drafts on it out there.

Thanks
Arun



-----Original Message-----
From: sip-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:sip-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
todd.d.binns@l-3com.com
Sent: Monday, April 28, 2008 1:14 PM
To: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet

Hi,
   Yes, it (security) does mean a lot to a lot of different people.
Thanks for all the responses.  I am reading the different suggested RFC
& drafts.  My question was more on how can one UA inform another UA that
it wants to make changes to their session/dialog.  In my case the
security will be different, but I want to have one UA initiate the
secure call (change to session/dialog), and the other UA to confirm.  As
stated I can use the X- header since both clients will be custom.  Is
there any other defined way that 2 UA should have this conversation, is
it only defined in the RFC3264? (An offer/answer model with the session
description protocol)

Thanks Again to everyone that made comments, Todd

-----Original Message-----
From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com]
Sent: Wednesday, 23 April, 2008 11:24 PM
To: Binns, Todd D @ HENSCHEL
Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet


On Apr 23, 2008, at 12:29 PM, todd.d.binns@l-3com.com wrote:

> Hi,
>    I have been an user of SIP for a while, but never got into the  
> need to extend it.  I have tried to do an extensive research to see  
> if there are any draft or RFC that handles the requirements that I  
> am requested to do.  Here is the scenario that I am trying to fulfill.
>
> A UA (custom hardware/software) wants to place or change the call  
> into a secure call.  It notifies the other participant by an INVITE  
> or NOTIFY and both UA agree on the change and the details of the  
> security.  There are several different method of securing the call,  
> and that would be included in the parameter passed between the UA.   
> If this is not possible is there a way to embed the parameters into  
> the header of the INVITE or NOTIFY so at least both UA know of the  
> request?
>

What do you mean, "secured call"? This term means many different  
things to even more different people.

You might look at:

  http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-sips-08.txt

which has completed working group last call and I'm about to send to  
the IESG, and at:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requir
ements-04.txt

and

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-dtls-srtp-framework-0
1.txt

which, if I recall aright, are currently in working group last call.

--
Dean


_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
_______________________________________________
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This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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From: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
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Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet
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Todd,

I don't recall if you said if/how the signaling is to be secured?
If the initial call is without secure signaling then you presumably need 
to find a way to secure the signaling before exchanging keys for secure 
media.

What do you have in mind here?

	Paul

todd.d.binns@l-3com.com wrote:
> Hi,
>    Yes, it (security) does mean a lot to a lot of different people.
> Thanks for all the responses.  I am reading the different suggested RFC
> & drafts.  My question was more on how can one UA inform another UA that
> it wants to make changes to their session/dialog.  In my case the
> security will be different, but I want to have one UA initiate the
> secure call (change to session/dialog), and the other UA to confirm.  As
> stated I can use the X- header since both clients will be custom.  Is
> there any other defined way that 2 UA should have this conversation, is
> it only defined in the RFC3264? (An offer/answer model with the session
> description protocol)
> 
> Thanks Again to everyone that made comments,
> Todd
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, 23 April, 2008 11:24 PM
> To: Binns, Todd D @ HENSCHEL
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet
> 
> 
> On Apr 23, 2008, at 12:29 PM, todd.d.binns@l-3com.com wrote:
> 
>> Hi,
>>    I have been an user of SIP for a while, but never got into the  
>> need to extend it.  I have tried to do an extensive research to see  
>> if there are any draft or RFC that handles the requirements that I  
>> am requested to do.  Here is the scenario that I am trying to fulfill.
>>
>> A UA (custom hardware/software) wants to place or change the call  
>> into a secure call.  It notifies the other participant by an INVITE  
>> or NOTIFY and both UA agree on the change and the details of the  
>> security.  There are several different method of securing the call,  
>> and that would be included in the parameter passed between the UA.   
>> If this is not possible is there a way to embed the parameters into  
>> the header of the INVITE or NOTIFY so at least both UA know of the  
>> request?
>>
> 
> What do you mean, "secured call"? This term means many different  
> things to even more different people.
> 
> You might look at:
> 
>   http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-sips-08.txt
> 
> which has completed working group last call and I'm about to send to  
> the IESG, and at:
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requir
> ements-04.txt
> 
> and
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-dtls-srtp-framework-0
> 1.txt
> 
> which, if I recall aright, are currently in working group last call.
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


From sip-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Apr 28 12:11:05 2008
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To: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet
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Paul,
   I am still interpreting the requirements, but at this time the
security will move both signaling and RTP stream into a secured tunnel.
So both UAs must make the jump at the same time.  The keys will be
defined at the UA level.

Thanks,
Todd

-----Original Message-----
From: Paul Kyzivat [mailto:pkyzivat@cisco.com] 
Sent: Monday, 28 April, 2008 2:13 PM
To: Binns, Todd D @ HENSCHEL
Cc: sip@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet

Todd,

I don't recall if you said if/how the signaling is to be secured?
If the initial call is without secure signaling then you presumably need

to find a way to secure the signaling before exchanging keys for secure 
media.

What do you have in mind here?

	Paul

todd.d.binns@l-3com.com wrote:
> Hi,
>    Yes, it (security) does mean a lot to a lot of different people.
> Thanks for all the responses.  I am reading the different suggested
RFC
> & drafts.  My question was more on how can one UA inform another UA
that
> it wants to make changes to their session/dialog.  In my case the
> security will be different, but I want to have one UA initiate the
> secure call (change to session/dialog), and the other UA to confirm.
As
> stated I can use the X- header since both clients will be custom.  Is
> there any other defined way that 2 UA should have this conversation,
is
> it only defined in the RFC3264? (An offer/answer model with the
session
> description protocol)
> 
> Thanks Again to everyone that made comments,
> Todd
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dean Willis [mailto:dean.willis@softarmor.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, 23 April, 2008 11:24 PM
> To: Binns, Todd D @ HENSCHEL
> Cc: sip@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Sip] Passing added call information in the SIP packet
> 
> 
> On Apr 23, 2008, at 12:29 PM, todd.d.binns@l-3com.com wrote:
> 
>> Hi,
>>    I have been an user of SIP for a while, but never got into the  
>> need to extend it.  I have tried to do an extensive research to see  
>> if there are any draft or RFC that handles the requirements that I  
>> am requested to do.  Here is the scenario that I am trying to
fulfill.
>>
>> A UA (custom hardware/software) wants to place or change the call  
>> into a secure call.  It notifies the other participant by an INVITE  
>> or NOTIFY and both UA agree on the change and the details of the  
>> security.  There are several different method of securing the call,  
>> and that would be included in the parameter passed between the UA.   
>> If this is not possible is there a way to embed the parameters into  
>> the header of the INVITE or NOTIFY so at least both UA know of the  
>> request?
>>
> 
> What do you mean, "secured call"? This term means many different  
> things to even more different people.
> 
> You might look at:
> 
>   http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-sips-08.txt
> 
> which has completed working group last call and I'm about to send to  
> the IESG, and at:
> 
>
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-media-security-requir
> ements-04.txt
> 
> and
> 
>
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-sip-dtls-srtp-framework-0
> 1.txt
> 
> which, if I recall aright, are currently in working group last call.
> 
> --
> Dean
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 
_______________________________________________
Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip


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From: "Eric Tremblay" <etremblay@m5t.com>
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Subject: [Sip] Addition to invfix
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Hi Robert,

Regarding the invfix draft, I don't know to what length we want to
specify the changes to apply in RFC 3261, but I found out one more 3261
paragraph that could be updated:

Page 87:

Section 14.1 - Replace the paragraph starting with "2. If there is an
ongoing INVITE server transaction" with

      2. If there is an ongoing INVITE server transaction, the TU MUST
         wait until the transaction reaches the confirmed, accepted or
terminated
         state before initiating the new INVITE.

Best Regards,

EricT

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<P><SPAN LANG=3D"fr-ca"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Hi =
Robert,</FONT></SPAN>
</P>

<P><SPAN LANG=3D"fr-ca"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Regarding the =
invfix draft, I don't know to what length we want to specify the changes =
to apply in RFC 3261, but I found out one more 3261 paragraph that could =
be updated:</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P><SPAN LANG=3D"fr-ca"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Page =
87:</FONT></SPAN>
</P>

<P><SPAN LANG=3D"fr-ca"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Section 14.1 - =
Replace the paragraph starting with &quot;2. If there is an ongoing =
INVITE server transaction&quot; with</FONT></SPAN>
</P>

<P><SPAN LANG=3D"fr-ca"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. If there is an ongoing =
INVITE server transaction, the TU MUST</FONT></SPAN>

<BR><SPAN LANG=3D"fr-ca"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; wait =
until the transaction reaches the confirmed, accepted or =
terminated</FONT></SPAN>

<BR><SPAN LANG=3D"fr-ca"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; state =
before initiating the new INVITE.</FONT></SPAN>
</P>

<P><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Best =
Regards,</FONT></SPAN>
</P>

<P><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">EricT</FONT></SPAN>
</P>

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_______________________________________________
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Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
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Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2008 05:14:40 -0700 (PDT)
From: gaurav katiyar <gaurav_katiyar@yahoo.com>
To: Donald Lee <baolovebao@gmail.com>, "Ëï×ھý" <szj087@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] [SIPForum-discussion] What's the difference between
	session and dialog in SIP?
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Sip "Session Initiation Protocol". It talks about media session, i mean how to initiate, modify and terminate a session and Dialog provides a sort of context (like caller, callee, location, routing etc.) to modify this session. So dialog is more related to route the sip message to right node and body (SDP) handles media session if present. Dialogs may have media sessions Or may not. 
   
  Take an example of B2BUA. It is a type of statefull proxy having two dialog and one media session if doing media routing. 
  

Donald Lee <baolovebao@gmail.com> wrote:
  old good questions in sip, also add another "transaction".


  On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:18 AM, å&shy;™宗君 <szj087@gmail.com> wrote:
  Hi, Vijay

Thanks very much for your timely answers.

From this specification,  session is a combination of signaling plane
and media plane messages and processes that enable two or more
participants to communicate. I think session is a larger scope than
dialog. In another word, one session can contain more than one dialog.
Is what I understand right?

Zongjun


2008/4/24, Vijay K. Gurbani <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>:
    
  > There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG to create performance
>  metrics around SIP.  One of the first tasks in such an endeavor
>  is to define the notion of dialogs and sessions.  Please see
>  Section 3.1.1 of
> https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt
>  of the above draft for some insight.
>
>  Ëï×Ú¾ý wrote:
>
> > Hi, Lincoln
> >
> > thanks for your instructions.
> >
> > I know that dialog can exist without session since SUBSCRIBE/REFER can
> > create dialog and without any media between communication peers.
> >
> > What I want to know is the relationship of dialog and session when
> > they both exist in one communication activity. Take a example, when
> > there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say there is a
> > dialog and a session.
> >
> > But when one caller invites another callee and gets five 200 final
> > responses from 5 UA every of which has its own session description. We
> > can say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and the other 5
> > callees, right? And then what is the exact number of session in this
> > scenario? One session or five session? That is what I want to know.
> >
> > Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/to tag) and session id
> > is determined by session id given in the SDP message.  My answer is
> > there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?
> >
>
>  - vijay
>  --
>  Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
>  2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
>  Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
>  WWW:   http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs
>
_______________________________________________
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-- 
BR
Donald _______________________________________________
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Gaurav Katiyar
  Induslogic india pvt. ltd
  B-34/1 sector 59 NOIDA
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<div>Sip "Session Initiation Protocol". It talks about media session, i mean how to initiate, modify and terminate a session and&nbsp;Dialog provides a sort of context (like caller, callee, location, routing etc.) to modify this session. So dialog is more related to route the sip message to right node and body (SDP) handles media session if present. Dialogs may have media sessions&nbsp;Or may not. </div>  <div>&nbsp;</div>  <div>Take&nbsp;an example of B2BUA. It is a type of statefull proxy having two dialog and one media session if doing media routing. </div>  <div><BR><BR><B><I>Donald Lee &lt;baolovebao@gmail.com&gt;</I></B> wrote:</div>  <BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid">old good questions in sip, also add another "transaction".<BR><BR><BR>  <DIV class=gmail_quote>On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:18 AM, å&shy;™宗君 &lt;<A href="mailto:szj087@gmail.com">szj087@gmail.com</A>&gt; wrote:<BR>  <BLOCKQUOTE
 class=gmail_quote style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid">Hi, Vijay<BR><BR>Thanks very much for your timely answers.<BR><BR>From this specification, &nbsp;session is a combination of signaling plane<BR>and media plane messages and processes that enable two or more<BR>participants to communicate. I think session is a larger scope than<BR>dialog. In another word, one session can contain more than one dialog.<BR>Is what I understand right?<BR><BR>Zongjun<BR><BR><BR>2008/4/24, Vijay K. Gurbani &lt;<A href="mailto:vkg@alcatel-lucent.com">vkg@alcatel-lucent.com</A>&gt;:<BR>  <DIV>  <DIV></DIV>  <DIV class=Wj3C7c>&gt; There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG to create performance<BR>&gt; &nbsp;metrics around SIP. &nbsp;One of the first tasks in such an endeavor<BR>&gt; &nbsp;is to define the notion of dialogs and sessions. &nbsp;Please see<BR>&gt; &nbsp;Section 3.1.1 of<BR>&gt; <A
 href="https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt" target=_blank>https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt</A><BR>&gt; &nbsp;of the above draft for some insight.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; &nbsp;Ëï×Ú¾ý wrote:<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; Hi, Lincoln<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; thanks for your instructions.<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; I know that dialog can exist without session since SUBSCRIBE/REFER can<BR>&gt; &gt; create dialog and without any media between communication peers.<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; What I want to know is the relationship of dialog and session when<BR>&gt; &gt; they both exist in one communication activity. Take a example, when<BR>&gt; &gt; there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say there is a<BR>&gt; &gt; dialog and a session.<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; But when one caller invites another callee and gets five 200 final<BR>&gt; &gt;
 responses from 5 UA every of which has its own session description. We<BR>&gt; &gt; can say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and the other 5<BR>&gt; &gt; callees, right? And then what is the exact number of session in this<BR>&gt; &gt; scenario? One session or five session? That is what I want to know.<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/to tag) and session id<BR>&gt; &gt; is determined by session id given in the SDP message. &nbsp;My answer is<BR>&gt; &gt; there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; &nbsp;- vijay<BR>&gt; &nbsp;--<BR>&gt; &nbsp;Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent<BR>&gt; &nbsp;2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)<BR>&gt; &nbsp;Email: vkg@{<A href="http://alcatel-lucent.com/" target=_blank>alcatel-lucent.com</A>,<A href="http://bell-labs.com/" target=_blank>bell-labs.com</A>,<A href="http://acm.org/" target=_blank>acm.org</A>}<BR>&gt; &nbsp;WWW:
 &nbsp; <A href="http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs" target=_blank>http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs</A><BR>&gt;<BR>_______________________________________________<BR>Sip mailing list &nbsp;<A href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip" target=_blank>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip</A><BR>This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol<BR>Use <A href="mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu">sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu</A> for questions on current sip<BR>Use <A href="mailto:sipping@ietf.org">sipping@ietf.org</A> for new developments on the application of sip<BR></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR><BR clear=all><BR>-- <BR>BR<BR>Donald _______________________________________________<BR>This is the SIP Forum discussion mailing list<BR>TO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your delivery options, please visit http://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion<BR>Post to the list at discussion@sipforum.org<BR></BLOCKQUOTE><BR><BR><BR><DIV><FONT face="comic
 sans ms" color=#ff0000 size=3>Gaurav Katiyar</FONT></DIV>  <DIV><FONT color=#0000ff>Induslogic&nbsp;india pvt. ltd</FONT></DIV>  <DIV><FONT color=#0000ff>B-34/1 sector 59 NOIDA</FONT></DIV>  <DIV><FONT color=#0000ff>Phone:9818381368</FONT></DIV>  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV><p>&#32;



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=20
=20
=20
hi can u help to develop the SIp client software using Visual C#.
=20
=20
thank u
=20
=20


Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2008 20:45:48 +0530From: rajasekhar.l@gmail.comTo: gaurav=
_katiyar@yahoo.comCC: discussion@sipforum.org; szj087@gmail.com; sip@ietf.o=
rg; vkg@alcatel-lucent.com; bmwg@ietf.orgSubject: Re: [SIPForum-discussion]=
 [Sip] What's the difference between session and dialog in SIP?Do u mean, D=
ialog is at signaling level, session is at media transport level.
On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 5:44 PM, gaurav katiyar <gaurav_katiyar@yahoo.com> =
wrote:

Sip "Session Initiation Protocol". It talks about media session, i mean how=
 to initiate, modify and terminate a session and Dialog provides a sort of =
context (like caller, callee, location, routing etc.) to modify this sessio=
n. So dialog is more related to route the sip message to right node and bod=
y (SDP) handles media session if present. Dialogs may have media sessions O=
r may not.=20
=20
Take an example of B2BUA. It is a type of statefull proxy having two dialog=
 and one media session if doing media routing.=20

Donald Lee <baolovebao@gmail.com> wrote:

old good questions in sip, also add another "transaction".

On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:18 AM, =E5=AD=99=E5=AE=97=E5 =9B <szj087@gmail.co=
m> wrote:

Hi, VijayThanks very much for your timely answers.From this specification, =
 session is a combination of signaling planeand media plane messages and pr=
ocesses that enable two or moreparticipants to communicate. I think session=
 is a larger scope thandialog. In another word, one session can contain mor=
e than one dialog.Is what I understand right?Zongjun2008/4/24, Vijay K. Gur=
bani <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>:



> There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG to create performance>  met=
rics around SIP.  One of the first tasks in such an endeavor>  is to define=
 the notion of dialogs and sessions.  Please see>  Section 3.1.1 of> https:=
//svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/draft-iet=
f-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt>  of the above draft for some insight.>


>  =C3=8B=C3=AF=C3=97=C3=9A=C2=BE=C3=BD wrote:>> > Hi, Lincoln> >> > thanks=
 for your instructions.> >> > I know that dialog can exist without session =
since SUBSCRIBE/REFER can> > create dialog and without any media between co=
mmunication peers.> >> > What I want to know is the relationship of dialog =
and session when> > they both exist in one communication activity. Take a e=
xample, when> > there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say t=
here is a> > dialog and a session.> >> > But when one caller invites anothe=
r callee and gets five 200 final> > responses from 5 UA every of which has =
its own session description. We> > can say that there are 5 dialogs between=
 caller and the other 5> > callees, right? And then what is the exact numbe=
r of session in this> > scenario? One session or five session? That is what=
 I want to know.> >> > Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/to t=
ag) and session id> > is determined by session id given in the SDP message.=
  My answer is> > there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?> >>>  - vi=
jay>  -->  Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent>  2701 Lucen=
t Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)>  Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucen=
t.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}>  WWW:   http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-la=
bs>_______________________________________________Sip mailing list  https:/=
/www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sipThis list is for NEW development of the c=
ore SIP ProtocolUse sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on curre=
nt sipUse sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip--=
 BRDonald _______________________________________________=20
This is the SIP Forum discussion mailing listTO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your d=
elivery options, please visit http://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussi=
onPost to the list at discussion@sipforum.org
Gaurav Katiyar
Induslogic india pvt. ltd
B-34/1 sector 59 NOIDA
Phone:9818381368
=20



Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try it n=
ow._______________________________________________This is the SIP Forum dis=
cussion mailing listTO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your delivery options, please v=
isit http://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussionPost to the list at dis=
cussion@sipforum.org-- -Raaz=20
_________________________________________________________________
Connect to the next generation of MSN Messenger=A0
http://imagine-msn.com/messenger/launch80/default.aspx?locale=3Den-us&sourc=
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&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
hi can u help to develop the SIp client software using Visual C#.<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
thank u<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
<BR><BR>&nbsp;<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<HR>
Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2008 20:45:48 +0530<BR>From: rajasekhar.l@gmail.com<BR>To=
: gaurav_katiyar@yahoo.com<BR>CC: discussion@sipforum.org; szj087@gmail.com=
; sip@ietf.org; vkg@alcatel-lucent.com; bmwg@ietf.org<BR>Subject: Re: [SIPF=
orum-discussion] [Sip] What's the difference between session and dialog in =
SIP?<BR><BR>Do u mean, Dialog is at signaling level, session is at media tr=
ansport level.<BR><BR>
<DIV class=3DEC_gmail_quote>On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 5:44 PM, gaurav katiyar=
 &lt;<A href=3D"mailto:gaurav_katiyar@yahoo.com">gaurav_katiyar@yahoo.com</=
A>&gt; wrote:<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=3DEC_gmail_quote style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 1ex">
<DIV>Sip "Session Initiation Protocol". It talks about media session, i mea=
n how to initiate, modify and terminate a session and&nbsp;Dialog provides =
a sort of context (like caller, callee, location, routing etc.) to modify t=
his session. So dialog is more related to route the sip message to right no=
de and body (SDP) handles media session if present. Dialogs may have media =
sessions&nbsp;Or may not. </DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Take&nbsp;an example of B2BUA. It is a type of statefull proxy having =
two dialog and one media session if doing media routing. </DIV>
<DIV class=3DEC_Ih2E3d>
<DIV><BR><BR><B><I>Donald Lee &lt;<A href=3D"mailto:baolovebao@gmail.com">b=
aolovebao@gmail.com</A>&gt;</I></B> wrote:</DIV></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px">
<DIV class=3DEC_Ih2E3d>old good questions in sip, also add another "transac=
tion".<BR><BR><BR></DIV>
<DIV class=3DEC_gmail_quote>
<DIV class=3DEC_Ih2E3d>On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:18 AM, =E5&shy;=99=E5=AE=
=97=E5 =9B &lt;<A href=3D"mailto:szj087@gmail.com">szj087@gmail.com</A>&gt;=
 wrote:<BR></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=3DEC_gmail_quote style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 1ex">
<DIV class=3DEC_Ih2E3d>Hi, Vijay<BR><BR>Thanks very much for your timely an=
swers.<BR><BR>From this specification, &nbsp;session is a combination of si=
gnaling plane<BR>and media plane messages and processes that enable two or =
more<BR>participants to communicate. I think session is a larger scope than=
<BR>dialog. In another word, one session can contain more than one dialog.<=
BR>Is what I understand right?<BR><BR>Zongjun<BR><BR><BR>2008/4/24, Vijay K=
. Gurbani &lt;<A href=3D"mailto:vkg@alcatel-lucent.com">vkg@alcatel-lucent.=
com</A>&gt;:<BR></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV class=3DEC_Ih2E3d>&gt; There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG t=
o create performance<BR>&gt; &nbsp;metrics around SIP. &nbsp;One of the fir=
st tasks in such an endeavor<BR>&gt; &nbsp;is to define the notion of dialo=
gs and sessions. &nbsp;Please see<BR>&gt; &nbsp;Section 3.1.1 of<BR>&gt; <A=
 href=3D"https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench=
-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt" target=3D_blank>https://svn.resiproc=
ate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-ter=
m-00.txt</A><BR>&gt; &nbsp;of the above draft for some insight.<BR>&gt;<BR>=
</DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=3DEC_Wj3C7c>&gt; &nbsp;=C3=8B=C3=AF=C3=97=C3=9A=C2=BE=C3=BD wrot=
e:<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; Hi, Lincoln<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; thanks for yo=
ur instructions.<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; I know that dialog can exist wit=
hout session since SUBSCRIBE/REFER can<BR>&gt; &gt; create dialog and witho=
ut any media between communication peers.<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; What I =
want to know is the relationship of dialog and session when<BR>&gt; &gt; th=
ey both exist in one communication activity. Take a example, when<BR>&gt; &=
gt; there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say there is a<BR=
>&gt; &gt; dialog and a session.<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; But when one cal=
ler invites another callee and gets five 200 final<BR>&gt; &gt; responses f=
rom 5 UA every of which has its own session description. We<BR>&gt; &gt; ca=
n say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and the other 5<BR>&gt; &gt; =
callees, right? And then what is the exact number of session in this<BR>&gt=
; &gt; scenario? One session or five session? That is what I want to know.<=
BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/t=
o tag) and session id<BR>&gt; &gt; is determined by session id given in the=
 SDP message. &nbsp;My answer is<BR>&gt; &gt; there are 5 dialog and one se=
ssion now, right?<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; &nbsp;- vijay<BR>&gt; &nbsp;=
--<BR>&gt; &nbsp;Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent<BR>&gt=
; &nbsp;2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)<BR>&gt; &=
nbsp;Email: vkg@{<A href=3D"http://alcatel-lucent.com/" target=3D_blank>alc=
atel-lucent.com</A>,<A href=3D"http://bell-labs.com/" target=3D_blank>bell-=
labs.com</A>,<A href=3D"http://acm.org/" target=3D_blank>acm.org</A>}<BR>&g=
t; &nbsp;WWW: &nbsp; <A href=3D"http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs" ta=
rget=3D_blank>http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs</A><BR>&gt;<BR>______=
_________________________________________<BR>Sip mailing list &nbsp;<A href=
=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip" target=3D_blank>https://www.=
ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip</A><BR>This list is for NEW development of th=
e core SIP Protocol<BR>Use <A href=3D"mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.e=
du">sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu</A> for questions on current sip<BR>Us=
e <A href=3D"mailto:sipping@ietf.org">sipping@ietf.org</A> for new developm=
ents on the application of sip<BR></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DI=
V><BR><BR clear=3Dall><BR>-- <BR>BR<BR>Donald _____________________________=
__________________=20
<DIV class=3DEC_Ih2E3d><BR>This is the SIP Forum discussion mailing list<BR=
>TO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your delivery options, please visit <A href=3D"htt=
p://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion" target=3D_blank>http://sipfor=
um.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion</A><BR>Post to the list at <A href=3D"ma=
ilto:discussion@sipforum.org">discussion@sipforum.org</A><BR></DIV></BLOCKQ=
UOTE><FONT color=3D#888888><BR><BR><BR>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"comic&#13;&#10; sans ms" color=3D#ff0000 size=3D3>Gaurav=
 Katiyar</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff>Induslogic&nbsp;india pvt. ltd</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff>B-34/1 sector 59 NOIDA</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff>Phone:9818381368</FONT></DIV></FONT>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV class=3DEC_WgoR0d>
<BR>
<HR SIZE=3D1>
Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. <A href=
=3D"http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=3D51733/*http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=3DAhu=
06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ" target=3D_blank>Try it now.</A></DIV><BR>_______=
________________________________________<BR>This is the SIP Forum discussio=
n mailing list<BR>TO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your delivery options, please vis=
it <A href=3D"http://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion" target=3D_bl=
ank>http://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion</A><BR>Post to the list=
 at <A href=3D"mailto:discussion@sipforum.org">discussion@sipforum.org</A><=
BR><BR></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR><BR clear=3Dall><BR>-- <BR>-Raaz </BLOCKQUOTE=
><br /><hr />Connect to the next generation of MSN Messenger=A0  <a href=3D=
'http://imagine-msn.com/messenger/launch80/default.aspx?locale=3Den-us&sour=
ce=3Dwlmailtagline' target=3D'_new'>Get it now! </a></body>
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Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
--===============1804610105==--


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Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2008 20:45:48 +0530
From: Raj <rajasekhar.l@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] [SIPForum-discussion] What's the difference between
	session and dialog in SIP?
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Do u mean, Dialog is at signaling level, session is at media transport
level.

On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 5:44 PM, gaurav katiyar <gaurav_katiyar@yahoo.com>
wrote:

> Sip "Session Initiation Protocol". It talks about media session, i mean h=
ow
> to initiate, modify and terminate a session and Dialog provides a sort of
> context (like caller, callee, location, routing etc.) to modify this
> session. So dialog is more related to route the sip message to right node
> and body (SDP) handles media session if present. Dialogs may have media
> sessions Or may not.
>
> Take an example of B2BUA. It is a type of statefull proxy having two dial=
og
> and one media session if doing media routing.
>
>
> *Donald Lee <baolovebao@gmail.com>* wrote:
>
> old good questions in sip, also add another "transaction".
>
>
> On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:18 AM, =E5=AD=99=E5(R)=97=E5 =9B <szj087@gmail.=
com> wrote:
>
>> Hi, Vijay
>>
>> Thanks very much for your timely answers.
>>
>> From this specification,  session is a combination of signaling plane
>> and media plane messages and processes that enable two or more
>> participants to communicate. I think session is a larger scope than
>> dialog. In another word, one session can contain more than one dialog.
>> Is what I understand right?
>>
>> Zongjun
>>
>>
>> 2008/4/24, Vijay K. Gurbani <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>:
>>  > There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG to create performance
>> >  metrics around SIP.  One of the first tasks in such an endeavor
>> >  is to define the notion of dialogs and sessions.  Please see
>> >  Section 3.1.1 of
>> >
>> https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/=
draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt
>> >  of the above draft for some insight.
>> >
>> >  =C3=8B=C3=AF=C3=97=C3=9A=C2=BE=C3=BD wrote:
>> >
>> > > Hi, Lincoln
>> > >
>> > > thanks for your instructions.
>> > >
>> > > I know that dialog can exist without session since SUBSCRIBE/REFER c=
an
>> > > create dialog and without any media between communication peers.
>> > >
>> > > What I want to know is the relationship of dialog and session when
>> > > they both exist in one communication activity. Take a example, when
>> > > there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say there is a
>> > > dialog and a session.
>> > >
>> > > But when one caller invites another callee and gets five 200 final
>> > > responses from 5 UA every of which has its own session description. =
We
>> > > can say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and the other 5
>> > > callees, right? And then what is the exact number of session in this
>> > > scenario? One session or five session? That is what I want to know.
>> > >
>> > > Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/to tag) and session =
id
>> > > is determined by session id given in the SDP message.  My answer is
>> > > there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?
>> > >
>> >
>> >  - vijay
>> >  --
>> >  Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
>> >  2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
>> >  Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
>> >  WWW:   http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs
>> >
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>
>
>
>
> --
> BR
> Donald _______________________________________________
> This is the SIP Forum discussion mailing list
> TO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your delivery options, please visit
> http://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion
> Post to the list at discussion@sipforum.org
>
>
>
>
> Gaurav Katiyar
> Induslogic india pvt. ltd
> B-34/1 sector 59 NOIDA
> Phone:9818381368
>
>
> ------------------------------
> Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try it
> now.<http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=3D51733/*http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=3D=
Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ>
>
> _______________________________________________
> This is the SIP Forum discussion mailing list
> TO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your delivery options, please visit
> http://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion
> Post to the list at discussion@sipforum.org
>
>


--=20
-Raaz

------=_Part_6505_26625270.1209136548737
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Content-Disposition: inline

Do u mean, Dialog is at signaling level, session is at media transport leve=
l.<br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 5:44 PM, gaura=
v katiyar &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:gaurav_katiyar@yahoo.com">gaurav_katiyar@ya=
hoo.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, =
204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;"><div>Sip &quot;Se=
ssion Initiation Protocol&quot;. It talks about media session, i mean how t=
o initiate, modify and terminate a session and&nbsp;Dialog provides a sort =
of context (like caller, callee, location, routing etc.) to modify this ses=
sion. So dialog is more related to route the sip message to right node and =
body (SDP) handles media session if present. Dialogs may have media session=
s&nbsp;Or may not. </div>
  <div>&nbsp;</div>  <div>Take&nbsp;an example of B2BUA. It is a type of st=
atefull proxy having two dialog and one media session if doing media routin=
g. </div><div class=3D"Ih2E3d">  <div><br><br><b><i>Donald Lee &lt;<a href=
=3D"mailto:baolovebao@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">baolovebao@gmail.com</a>=
&gt;</i></b> wrote:</div>
  </div><blockquote style=3D"border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); paddi=
ng-left: 5px; margin-left: 5px;"><div class=3D"Ih2E3d">old good questions i=
n sip, also add another &quot;transaction&quot;.<br><br><br>  </div><div cl=
ass=3D"gmail_quote">
<div class=3D"Ih2E3d">On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:18 AM, =E5=AD=99=E5&reg;=97=
=E5 =9B &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:szj087@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">szj087@gm=
ail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>  </div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=
=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; p=
adding-left: 1ex;">
<div class=3D"Ih2E3d">Hi, Vijay<br><br>Thanks very much for your timely ans=
wers.<br><br>From this specification, &nbsp;session is a combination of sig=
naling plane<br>and media plane messages and processes that enable two or m=
ore<br>
participants to communicate. I think session is a larger scope than<br>dial=
og. In another word, one session can contain more than one dialog.<br>Is wh=
at I understand right?<br><br>Zongjun<br><br><br>2008/4/24, Vijay K. Gurban=
i &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:vkg@alcatel-lucent.com" target=3D"_blank">vkg@alcat=
el-lucent.com</a>&gt;:<br>
  </div><div>  <div></div>  <div><div class=3D"Ih2E3d">&gt; There is some w=
ork progressing in the BMWG WG to create performance<br>&gt; &nbsp;metrics =
around SIP. &nbsp;One of the first tasks in such an endeavor<br>&gt; &nbsp;=
is to define the notion of dialogs and sessions. &nbsp;Please see<br>
&gt; &nbsp;Section 3.1.1 of<br>&gt; <a href=3D"https://svn.resiprocate.org/=
rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt=
" target=3D"_blank">https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmw=
g-sip-bench-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt</a><br>
&gt; &nbsp;of the above draft for some insight.<br>&gt;<br></div><div><div>=
</div><div class=3D"Wj3C7c">&gt; &nbsp;=C3=8B=C3=AF=C3=97=C3=9A=C2=BE=C3=BD=
 wrote:<br>&gt;<br>&gt; &gt; Hi, Lincoln<br>&gt; &gt;<br>&gt; &gt; thanks f=
or your instructions.<br>&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; I know that dialog can exist without session since SUBSCRIBE/REFE=
R can<br>&gt; &gt; create dialog and without any media between communicatio=
n peers.<br>&gt; &gt;<br>&gt; &gt; What I want to know is the relationship =
of dialog and session when<br>
&gt; &gt; they both exist in one communication activity. Take a example, wh=
en<br>&gt; &gt; there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say t=
here is a<br>&gt; &gt; dialog and a session.<br>&gt; &gt;<br>&gt; &gt; But =
when one caller invites another callee and gets five 200 final<br>
&gt; &gt;
 responses from 5 UA every of which has its own session description. We<br>=
&gt; &gt; can say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and the other 5<b=
r>&gt; &gt; callees, right? And then what is the exact number of session in=
 this<br>
&gt; &gt; scenario? One session or five session? That is what I want to kno=
w.<br>&gt; &gt;<br>&gt; &gt; Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, fro=
m/to tag) and session id<br>&gt; &gt; is determined by session id given in =
the SDP message. &nbsp;My answer is<br>
&gt; &gt; there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?<br>&gt; &gt;<br>&g=
t;<br>&gt; &nbsp;- vijay<br>&gt; &nbsp;--<br>&gt; &nbsp;Vijay K. Gurbani, B=
ell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent<br>&gt; &nbsp;2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546=
, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)<br>
&gt; &nbsp;Email: vkg@{<a href=3D"http://alcatel-lucent.com/" target=3D"_bl=
ank">alcatel-lucent.com</a>,<a href=3D"http://bell-labs.com/" target=3D"_bl=
ank">bell-labs.com</a>,<a href=3D"http://acm.org/" target=3D"_blank">acm.or=
g</a>}<br>&gt; &nbsp;WWW:
 &nbsp; <a href=3D"http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs" target=3D"_blan=
k">http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs</a><br>&gt;<br>_________________=
______________________________<br>Sip mailing list &nbsp;<a href=3D"https:/=
/www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/=
mailman/listinfo/sip</a><br>
This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol<br>Use <a href=3D=
"mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu" target=3D"_blank">sip-implementor=
s@cs.columbia.edu</a> for questions on current sip<br>Use <a href=3D"mailto=
:sipping@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">sipping@ietf.org</a> for new developme=
nts on the application of sip<br>
</div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><br>-- <br=
>BR<br>Donald _______________________________________________<div class=3D"=
Ih2E3d"><br>This is the SIP Forum discussion mailing list<br>TO UNSUBSCRIBE=
, or edit your delivery options, please visit <a href=3D"http://sipforum.or=
g/mailman/listinfo/discussion" target=3D"_blank">http://sipforum.org/mailma=
n/listinfo/discussion</a><br>
Post to the list at <a href=3D"mailto:discussion@sipforum.org" target=3D"_b=
lank">discussion@sipforum.org</a><br></div></blockquote><font color=3D"#888=
888"><br><br><br><div><font color=3D"#ff0000" face=3D"comic
 sans ms" size=3D"3">Gaurav Katiyar</font></div>  <div><font color=3D"#0000=
ff">Induslogic&nbsp;india pvt. ltd</font></div>  <div><font color=3D"#0000f=
f">B-34/1 sector 59 NOIDA</font></div>  <div><font color=3D"#0000ff">Phone:=
9818381368</font></div>
  </font><div>&nbsp;</div><div class=3D"WgoR0d"><p>=20



      </p><hr size=3D"1">Be a better friend, newshound, and=20
know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. <a href=3D"http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=3D517=
33/*http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=3DAhu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ" target=3D=
"_blank"> Try it now.</a></div><br>________________________________________=
_______<br>

This is the SIP Forum discussion mailing list<br>
TO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your delivery options, please visit <a href=3D"http=
://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion" target=3D"_blank">http://sipfo=
rum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion</a><br>
Post to the list at <a href=3D"mailto:discussion@sipforum.org">discussion@s=
ipforum.org</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><br>-- <br>-Raaz

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Cc: sip@ietf.org, discussion@sipforum.org, bmwg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Sip] [SIPForum-discussion] What's the difference
 between	session and dialog in SIP?
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gaurav katiyar wrote:
> Sip "Session Initiation Protocol". It talks about media session, i mean 
> how to initiate, modify and terminate a session and Dialog provides a 
> sort of context (like caller, callee, location, routing etc.) to modify 
> this session. So dialog is more related to route the sip message to 
> right node and body (SDP) handles media session if present. Dialogs may 
> have media sessions Or may not.
>  
> Take an example of B2BUA. It is a type of statefull proxy having two 
> dialog and one media session if doing media routing.

Maybe. IMO these concepts aren't sufficiently defined.

One view is that a session is whatever SDP describes. Thus its one 
session regardless of how many media streams it contains. And in the 
case of an SDP containing multicast media addresses, and possibly 
advertised via SAP, there could be many participants in the same session.

But then in sip it takes a pair of SDPs to establish a call. Is that one 
session, or two? And in your case above with the B2BUA, is it one 
session, or two, or four?

Another view is that a session in the context of sip is whatever is 
established as a result of an INVITE. Then I guess the pair of SDPs 
together describe one session, regardless of how many media streams. But 
in that case the B2BUA example would be two sessions.

Then consider a more complex case:

                     audio
                  /-------- C
                 /
   A ========== B
     audio       \
     video        \-------- D
                     video

Here B is a B2BUA and media relay as in your example, but one stream is 
relayed to C and the other to D.

In this case, how many sessions are there? A, C, and D each have one, 
but are any of those the same? Or are there three altogether?

When I see "session" used, I just assume it means something vague, and 
read on to see what is actually meant.

	Paul

> */Donald Lee <baolovebao@gmail.com>/* wrote:
> 
>     old good questions in sip, also add another "transaction".
> 
> 
>     On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:18 AM, 孙宗君 <szj087@gmail.com
>     <mailto:szj087@gmail.com>> wrote:
> 
>         Hi, Vijay
> 
>         Thanks very much for your timely answers.
> 
>          From this specification,  session is a combination of signaling
>         plane
>         and media plane messages and processes that enable two or more
>         participants to communicate. I think session is a larger scope than
>         dialog. In another word, one session can contain more than one
>         dialog.
>         Is what I understand right?
> 
>         Zongjun
> 
> 
>         2008/4/24, Vijay K. Gurbani <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com
>         <mailto:vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>>:
>          > There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG to create
>         performance
>          >  metrics around SIP.  One of the first tasks in such an endeavor
>          >  is to define the notion of dialogs and sessions.  Please see
>          >  Section 3.1.1 of
>          >
>         https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt
>          >  of the above draft for some insight.
>          >
>          >  Ëï×Ú¾ý wrote:
>          >
>          > > Hi, Lincoln
>          > >
>          > > thanks for your instructions.
>          > >
>          > > I know that dialog can exist without session since
>         SUBSCRIBE/REFER can
>          > > create dialog and without any media between communication
>         peers.
>          > >
>          > > What I want to know is the relationship of dialog and
>         session when
>          > > they both exist in one communication activity. Take a
>         example, when
>          > > there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say
>         there is a
>          > > dialog and a session.
>          > >
>          > > But when one caller invites another callee and gets five
>         200 final
>          > > responses from 5 UA every of which has its own session
>         description. We
>          > > can say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and the other 5
>          > > callees, right? And then what is the exact number of
>         session in this
>          > > scenario? One session or five session? That is what I want
>         to know.
>          > >
>          > > Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/to tag) and
>         session id
>          > > is determined by session id given in the SDP message.  My
>         answer is
>          > > there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?
>          > >
>          >
>          >  - vijay
>          >  --
>          >  Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
>          >  2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
>          >  Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com
>         <http://alcatel-lucent.com/>,bell-labs.com
>         <http://bell-labs.com/>,acm.org <http://acm.org/>}
>          >  WWW:   http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs
>          >
>         _______________________________________________
>         Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>         This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>         Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu
>         <mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu> for questions on
>         current sip
>         Use sipping@ietf.org <mailto:sipping@ietf.org> for new
>         developments on the application of sip
> 
> 
> 
> 
>     -- 
>     BR
>     Donald _______________________________________________
>     This is the SIP Forum discussion mailing list
>     TO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your delivery options, please visit
>     http://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion
>     Post to the list at discussion@sipforum.org
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Gaurav Katiyar
> Induslogic india pvt. ltd
> B-34/1 sector 59 NOIDA
> Phone:9818381368
>  
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try 
> it now. 
> <http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=51733/*http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ 
>  >
> 
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip

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Subject: Re: [Sip] [SIPForum-discussion] What's the difference
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I'm surprised to see that a fundamental concept "SIP Session" does not have
a clear definition documented anywhere. I was eagerly waiting for a IETF 
Guru
to clarify this. I wish somebody writes a draft clarifying all the 
undocumented
fundamental concepts in SIP. If i knew it all, i would have done it :-)

My 2 cents on it.
A Session is a Rendezvous Contract between 2 or more UA's for communnicating
with some modality. SIP dialog is a context over which such a Contract is 
negotiated
decided, and upheld.
Normally the SDP Session Id should identify the Contract/Session. But not 
necessarily
always. If its a multiparty the Conference ID would serve such a purpose.
I can get into a session with a non-INVITE dialog as well. Example: 
SUBSCRIBE to
a specialized Event package. In this case some Identifier in the Event 
package probably will
serve as the Session Id.
As you can see there can be more than 1 dialog related a Session.
But there is no documentation saying what exactly threads all the dialogs to 
a Session except
the mentioning of a ID in the SDP RFC to identify the session being 
described in a SDP.

My understanding is that a Session Identifier can take the form of 
Conference ID or any
other depending on the method used to setup the rendezvoud/session.

Well, the above is my understanding of it, not based on any existing draft 
or RFC, so i welcome
whatever corrections need be.

regards
Mahesh

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
To: "gaurav katiyar" <gaurav_katiyar@yahoo.com>
Cc: <sip@ietf.org>; <discussion@sipforum.org>; <bmwg@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, April 29, 2008 10:32 PM
Subject: Re: [Sip] [SIPForum-discussion] What's the difference between 
session and dialog in SIP?


>
>
> gaurav katiyar wrote:
>> Sip "Session Initiation Protocol". It talks about media session, i mean
>> how to initiate, modify and terminate a session and Dialog provides a
>> sort of context (like caller, callee, location, routing etc.) to modify
>> this session. So dialog is more related to route the sip message to
>> right node and body (SDP) handles media session if present. Dialogs may
>> have media sessions Or may not.
>>
>> Take an example of B2BUA. It is a type of statefull proxy having two
>> dialog and one media session if doing media routing.
>
> Maybe. IMO these concepts aren't sufficiently defined.
>
> One view is that a session is whatever SDP describes. Thus its one
> session regardless of how many media streams it contains. And in the
> case of an SDP containing multicast media addresses, and possibly
> advertised via SAP, there could be many participants in the same session.
>
> But then in sip it takes a pair of SDPs to establish a call. Is that one
> session, or two? And in your case above with the B2BUA, is it one
> session, or two, or four?
>
> Another view is that a session in the context of sip is whatever is
> established as a result of an INVITE. Then I guess the pair of SDPs
> together describe one session, regardless of how many media streams. But
> in that case the B2BUA example would be two sessions.
>
> Then consider a more complex case:
>
>                     audio
>                  /-------- C
>                 /
>   A ========== B
>     audio       \
>     video        \-------- D
>                     video
>
> Here B is a B2BUA and media relay as in your example, but one stream is
> relayed to C and the other to D.
>
> In this case, how many sessions are there? A, C, and D each have one,
> but are any of those the same? Or are there three altogether?
>
> When I see "session" used, I just assume it means something vague, and
> read on to see what is actually meant.
>
> Paul
>
>> */Donald Lee <baolovebao@gmail.com>/* wrote:
>>
>>     old good questions in sip, also add another "transaction".
>>
>>
>>     On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:18 AM, 孙宗君 <szj087@gmail.com
>>     <mailto:szj087@gmail.com>> wrote:
>>
>>         Hi, Vijay
>>
>>         Thanks very much for your timely answers.
>>
>>          From this specification,  session is a combination of signaling
>>         plane
>>         and media plane messages and processes that enable two or more
>>         participants to communicate. I think session is a larger scope 
>> than
>>         dialog. In another word, one session can contain more than one
>>         dialog.
>>         Is what I understand right?
>>
>>         Zongjun
>>
>>
>>         2008/4/24, Vijay K. Gurbani <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com
>>         <mailto:vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>>:
>>          > There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG to create
>>         performance
>>          >  metrics around SIP.  One of the first tasks in such an 
>> endeavor
>>          >  is to define the notion of dialogs and sessions.  Please see
>>          >  Section 3.1.1 of
>>          >
>> 
>> https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt
>>          >  of the above draft for some insight.
>>          >
>>          >  Ëï×Ú¾ý wrote:
>>          >
>>          > > Hi, Lincoln
>>          > >
>>          > > thanks for your instructions.
>>          > >
>>          > > I know that dialog can exist without session since
>>         SUBSCRIBE/REFER can
>>          > > create dialog and without any media between communication
>>         peers.
>>          > >
>>          > > What I want to know is the relationship of dialog and
>>         session when
>>          > > they both exist in one communication activity. Take a
>>         example, when
>>          > > there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say
>>         there is a
>>          > > dialog and a session.
>>          > >
>>          > > But when one caller invites another callee and gets five
>>         200 final
>>          > > responses from 5 UA every of which has its own session
>>         description. We
>>          > > can say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and the 
>> other 5
>>          > > callees, right? And then what is the exact number of
>>         session in this
>>          > > scenario? One session or five session? That is what I want
>>         to know.
>>          > >
>>          > > Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/to tag) and
>>         session id
>>          > > is determined by session id given in the SDP message.  My
>>         answer is
>>          > > there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?
>>          > >
>>          >
>>          >  - vijay
>>          >  --
>>          >  Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
>>          >  2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
>>          >  Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com
>>         <http://alcatel-lucent.com/>,bell-labs.com
>>         <http://bell-labs.com/>,acm.org <http://acm.org/>}
>>          >  WWW:   http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs
>>          >
>>         _______________________________________________
>>         Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>         This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>         Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu
>>         <mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu> for questions on
>>         current sip
>>         Use sipping@ietf.org <mailto:sipping@ietf.org> for new
>>         developments on the application of sip
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>     -- 
>>     BR
>>     Donald _______________________________________________
>>     This is the SIP Forum discussion mailing list
>>     TO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your delivery options, please visit
>>     http://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion
>>     Post to the list at discussion@sipforum.org
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Gaurav Katiyar
>> Induslogic india pvt. ltd
>> B-34/1 sector 59 NOIDA
>> Phone:9818381368
>>
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>> Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try
>> it now.
>> <http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=51733/*http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ
>>  >
>>
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


> _______________________________________________
> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
> 


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Subject: Re: [Sip] [SIPForum-discussion] What's the difference between
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gaurav katiyar wrote:
> Hi,
>    I am getting confused now. what session exactly is ? Why ACK is an 
> end to end request for 200 OK of INVITE request? does it relate to 
> session any where ??? :-). Is it right to generate ACK locally by any 
> proxy including B2BUA for 200 OK of initial INVITE request?

The ACK is part of the INVITE and hence to establishing an INVITE dialog 
  and usage. It also *may* be a carrier for an SDP answer that completes 
an o/a and thus supports the establishment of an sdp media "session".

It is not permissible for a proxy to generate an ACK, except in response 
to a failed invite. You should never write a statement like "proxy 
including B2BUA", because those are very different things, and have 
different rules. A B2BUA *is* a UA, and hence may/must follow UA rules. 
Only UAs (including B2BUAs) generate ACK for 2xx responses to INVITE.

I think for the questions you seem to be worried about you should stop 
worrying about the meaning of "session" - it has no pertinence to what 
you are doing. What you need to be concerned with is establishing an 
INVITE dialog. (Technically it is a dialog plus an invite dialog usage, 
but that may be more detail than you need.)

	Paul

> Gaurav
> 
> */Mahesh Anjanappa <mahesha@samsung.com>/* wrote:
> 
>     I'm surprised to see that a fundamental concept "SIP Session" does
>     not have
>     a clear definition documented anywhere. I was eagerly waiting for a
>     IETF
>     Guru
>     to clarify this. I wish somebody writes a draft clarifying all the
>     undocumented
>     fundamental concepts in SIP. If i knew it all, i would have done it :-)
> 
>     My 2 cents on it.
>     A Session is a Rendezvous Contract between 2 or more UA's for
>     communnicating
>     with some modality. SIP dialog is a context over which such a
>     Contract is
>     negotiated
>     decided, and upheld.
>     Normally the SDP Session Id should identify the Contract/Session.
>     But not
>     necessarily
>     always. If its a multiparty the Conference ID would serve such a
>     purpose.
>     I can get into a session with a non-INVITE dialog as well. Example:
>     SUBSCRIBE to
>     a specialized Event package. In this case some Identifier in the Event
>     package probably will
>     serve as the Session Id.
>     As you can see there can be more than 1 dialog related a Session.
>     But there is no documentation saying what exactly threads all the
>     dialogs to
>     a Session except
>     the mentioning of a ID in the SDP RFC to identify the session being
>     described in a SDP.
> 
>     My understanding is that a Session Identifier can take the form of
>     Conference ID or any
>     other depending on the method used to setup the rendezvoud/session.
> 
>     Well, the above is my understanding of it, not based on any existing
>     draft
>     or RFC, so i welcome
>     whatever corrections need be.
> 
>     regards
>     Mahesh
> 
>     ----- Original Message -----
>     From: "Paul Kyzivat"
>     To: "gaurav katiyar"
>     Cc: ; ;
>     Sent: Tuesday, April 29, 2008 10:32 PM
>     Subject: Re: [Sip] [SIPForum-discussion] What's the difference between
>     session and dialog in SIP?
> 
> 
>      >
>      >
>      > gaurav katiyar wrote:
>      >> Sip "Session Initiation Protocol". It talks about media session,
>     i mean
>      >> how to initiate, modify and terminate a session and Dialog
>     provides a
>      >> sort of context (like caller, callee, location, routing etc.) to
>     modify
>      >> this session. So dialog is more related to route the sip message to
>      >> right node and body (SDP) handles media session if present.
>     Dialogs may
>      >> have media sessions Or may not.
>      >>
>      >> Take an example of B2BUA. It is a type of statefull proxy having two
>      >> dialog and one media session if doing media routing.
>      >
>      > Maybe. IMO these concepts aren't sufficiently defined.
>      >
>      > One view is that a session is whatever SDP describes. Thus its one
>      > session regardless of how many media streams it contains. And in the
>      > case of an SDP containing multicast media addresses, and possibly
>      > advertised via SAP, there could be many participants in the same
>     session.
>      >
>      > But then in sip it takes a pair of SDPs to establish a call. Is
>     that one
>      > session, or two? And in your case above with the B2BUA, is it one
>      > session, or two, or four?
>      >
>      > Another view is that a session in the context of sip is whatever is
>      > established as a result of an INVITE. Then I guess the pair of SDPs
>      > together describe one session, regardless of how many media
>     streams. But
>      > in that case the B2BUA example would be two sessions.
>      >
>      > Then consider a more complex case:
>      >
>      > audio
>      > /-------- C
>      > /
>      > A ========== B
>      > audio \
>      > video \-------- D
>      > video
>      >
>      > Here B is a B2BUA and media relay as in your example, but one
>     stream is
>      > relayed to C and the other to D.
>      >
>      > In this case, how many sessions are there? A, C, and D each have one,
>      > but are any of those the same? Or are there three altogether?
>      >
>      > When I see "session" used, I just assume it means something
>     vague, and
>      > read on to see what is actually meant.
>      >
>      > Paul
>      >
>      >> */Donald Lee /* wrote:
>      >>
>      >> old good questions in sip, also add another "transaction".
>      >>
>      >>
>      >> On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:18 AM, 孙宗君
>      >> > wrote:
>      >>
>      >> Hi, Vijay
>      >>
>      >> Thanks very much for your timely answers.
>      >>
>      >> From this specification, session is a combination of signaling
>      >> plane
>      >> and media plane messages and processes that enable two or more
>      >> participants to communicate. I think session is a larger scope
>      >> than
>      >> dialog. In another word, one session can contain more than one
>      >> dialog.
>      >> Is what I understand right?
>      >>
>      >> Zongjun
>      >>
>      >>
>      >> 2008/4/24, Vijay K. Gurbani
>      >> >:
>      >> > There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG to create
>      >> performance
>      >> > metrics around SIP. One of the first tasks in such an
>      >> endeavor
>      >> > is to define the notion of dialogs and sessions. Please see
>      >> > Section 3.1.1 of
>      >> >
>      >>
>      >>
>     https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt
>      >> > of the above draft for some insight.
>      >> >
>      >> > Ëï×Ú¾ý wrote:
>      >> >
>      >> > > Hi, Lincoln
>      >> > >
>      >> > > thanks for your instructions.
>      >> > >
>      >> > > I know that dialog can exist without session since
>      >> SUBSCRIBE/REFER can
>      >> > > create dialog and without any media between communication
>      >> peers.
>      >> > >
>      >> > > What I want to know is the relationship of dialog and
>      >> session when
>      >> > > they both exist in one communication activity. Take a
>      >> example, when
>      >> > > there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say
>      >> there is a
>      >> > > dialog and a session.
>      >> > >
>      >> > > But when one caller invites another callee and gets five
>      >> 200 final
>      >> > > responses from 5 UA every of which has its own session
>      >> description. We
>      >> > > can say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and the
>      >> other 5
>      >> > > callees, right? And then what is the exact number of
>      >> session in this
>      >> > > scenario? One session or five session? That is what I want
>      >> to know.
>      >> > >
>      >> > > Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/to tag) and
>      >> session id
>      >> > > is determined by session id given in the SDP message. My
>      >> answer is
>      >> > > there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?
>      >> > >
>      >> >
>      >> > - vijay
>      >> > --
>      >> > Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
>      >> > 2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
>      >> > Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com
>      >> ,bell-labs.com
>      >> ,acm.org }
>      >> > WWW: http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs
>      >> >
>      >> _______________________________________________
>      >> Sip mailing list https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>      >> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>      >> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu
>      >> for questions on
>      >> current sip
>      >> Use sipping@ietf.org for new
>      >> developments on the application of sip
>      >>
>      >>
>      >>
>      >>
>      >> --
>      >> BR
>      >> Donald _______________________________________________
>      >> This is the SIP Forum discussion mailing list
>      >> TO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your delivery options, please visit
>      >> http://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion
>      >> Post to the list at discussion@sipforum.org
>      >>
>      >>
>      >>
>      >>
>      >> Gaurav Katiyar
>      >> Induslogic india pvt. ltd
>      >> B-34/1 sector 59 NOIDA
>      >> Phone:9818381368
>      >>
>      >>
>      >>
>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>      >> Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo!
>     Mobile. Try
>      >> it now.
>      >> >> >
>      >>
>      >>
>      >>
>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>      >>
>      >> _______________________________________________
>      >> Sip mailing list https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>      >> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>      >> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>      >> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>      >
> 
> 
>     --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> 
>      > _______________________________________________
>      > Sip mailing list https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>      > This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>      > Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>      > Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>      >
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Gaurav Katiyar
> Induslogic india pvt. ltd
> B-34/1 sector 59 NOIDA
> Phone:9818381368
>  
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try 
> it now. 
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	gaurav katiyar <gaurav_katiyar@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] [SIPForum-discussion] What's the difference
 between	session and dialog in SIP?
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Mahesh Anjanappa wrote:
> I'm surprised to see that a fundamental concept "SIP Session" does not have
> a clear definition documented anywhere. I was eagerly waiting for a IETF 
> Guru
> to clarify this. I wish somebody writes a draft clarifying all the 
> undocumented
> fundamental concepts in SIP. If i knew it all, i would have done it :-)

IMO the reason there is no definition of such a "fundamental concept" is 
that it isn't fundamental. While it might be interesting to discuss, it 
doesn't affect anything. And in fact, when you start to dig into what 
this "fundamental concept" means it starts to fall apart.

> My 2 cents on it.
> A Session is a Rendezvous Contract between 2 or more UA's for 
> communnicating
> with some modality. SIP dialog is a context over which such a Contract 
> is negotiated
> decided, and upheld.
> Normally the SDP Session Id should identify the Contract/Session. But 
> not necessarily
> always. If its a multiparty the Conference ID would serve such a purpose.

Is each modality a separate contract? Or is is a contract for a 
*collection* of modalities? (E.g. voice + video)

> I can get into a session with a non-INVITE dialog as well. Example: 
> SUBSCRIBE to
> a specialized Event package. In this case some Identifier in the Event 
> package probably will
> serve as the Session Id.

Do you mean to imply that the event notifications are then the 
communication modality?

> As you can see there can be more than 1 dialog related a Session.
> But there is no documentation saying what exactly threads all the 
> dialogs to a Session except
> the mentioning of a ID in the SDP RFC to identify the session being 
> described in a SDP.
> 
> My understanding is that a Session Identifier can take the form of 
> Conference ID or any
> other depending on the method used to setup the rendezvoud/session.
> 
> Well, the above is my understanding of it, not based on any existing 
> draft or RFC, so i welcome
> whatever corrections need be.

Its a decent try. As I mentioned in a prior reply, IMO there is no real 
need to define this.

I'm not fully understanding what you are proposing (see questions 
above). I expect that it may start to fall apart in the details of 
particular use cases. Will you explain to me how your definition relates 
to the use case with A/B/C/D that I gave?

	Paul

> regards
> Mahesh
> 
> ----- Original Message ----- From: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
> To: "gaurav katiyar" <gaurav_katiyar@yahoo.com>
> Cc: <sip@ietf.org>; <discussion@sipforum.org>; <bmwg@ietf.org>
> Sent: Tuesday, April 29, 2008 10:32 PM
> Subject: Re: [Sip] [SIPForum-discussion] What's the difference between 
> session and dialog in SIP?
> 
> 
>>
>>
>> gaurav katiyar wrote:
>>> Sip "Session Initiation Protocol". It talks about media session, i mean
>>> how to initiate, modify and terminate a session and Dialog provides a
>>> sort of context (like caller, callee, location, routing etc.) to modify
>>> this session. So dialog is more related to route the sip message to
>>> right node and body (SDP) handles media session if present. Dialogs may
>>> have media sessions Or may not.
>>>
>>> Take an example of B2BUA. It is a type of statefull proxy having two
>>> dialog and one media session if doing media routing.
>>
>> Maybe. IMO these concepts aren't sufficiently defined.
>>
>> One view is that a session is whatever SDP describes. Thus its one
>> session regardless of how many media streams it contains. And in the
>> case of an SDP containing multicast media addresses, and possibly
>> advertised via SAP, there could be many participants in the same session.
>>
>> But then in sip it takes a pair of SDPs to establish a call. Is that one
>> session, or two? And in your case above with the B2BUA, is it one
>> session, or two, or four?
>>
>> Another view is that a session in the context of sip is whatever is
>> established as a result of an INVITE. Then I guess the pair of SDPs
>> together describe one session, regardless of how many media streams. But
>> in that case the B2BUA example would be two sessions.
>>
>> Then consider a more complex case:
>>
>>                     audio
>>                  /-------- C
>>                 /
>>   A ========== B
>>     audio       \
>>     video        \-------- D
>>                     video
>>
>> Here B is a B2BUA and media relay as in your example, but one stream is
>> relayed to C and the other to D.
>>
>> In this case, how many sessions are there? A, C, and D each have one,
>> but are any of those the same? Or are there three altogether?
>>
>> When I see "session" used, I just assume it means something vague, and
>> read on to see what is actually meant.
>>
>> Paul
>>
>>> */Donald Lee <baolovebao@gmail.com>/* wrote:
>>>
>>>     old good questions in sip, also add another "transaction".
>>>
>>>
>>>     On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:18 AM, 孙宗君 <szj087@gmail.com
>>>     <mailto:szj087@gmail.com>> wrote:
>>>
>>>         Hi, Vijay
>>>
>>>         Thanks very much for your timely answers.
>>>
>>>          From this specification,  session is a combination of signaling
>>>         plane
>>>         and media plane messages and processes that enable two or more
>>>         participants to communicate. I think session is a larger 
>>> scope than
>>>         dialog. In another word, one session can contain more than one
>>>         dialog.
>>>         Is what I understand right?
>>>
>>>         Zongjun
>>>
>>>
>>>         2008/4/24, Vijay K. Gurbani <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com
>>>         <mailto:vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>>:
>>>          > There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG to create
>>>         performance
>>>          >  metrics around SIP.  One of the first tasks in such an 
>>> endeavor
>>>          >  is to define the notion of dialogs and sessions.  Please see
>>>          >  Section 3.1.1 of
>>>          >
>>>
>>> https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt 
>>>
>>>          >  of the above draft for some insight.
>>>          >
>>>          >  Ëï×Ú¾ý wrote:
>>>          >
>>>          > > Hi, Lincoln
>>>          > >
>>>          > > thanks for your instructions.
>>>          > >
>>>          > > I know that dialog can exist without session since
>>>         SUBSCRIBE/REFER can
>>>          > > create dialog and without any media between communication
>>>         peers.
>>>          > >
>>>          > > What I want to know is the relationship of dialog and
>>>         session when
>>>          > > they both exist in one communication activity. Take a
>>>         example, when
>>>          > > there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say
>>>         there is a
>>>          > > dialog and a session.
>>>          > >
>>>          > > But when one caller invites another callee and gets five
>>>         200 final
>>>          > > responses from 5 UA every of which has its own session
>>>         description. We
>>>          > > can say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and the 
>>> other 5
>>>          > > callees, right? And then what is the exact number of
>>>         session in this
>>>          > > scenario? One session or five session? That is what I want
>>>         to know.
>>>          > >
>>>          > > Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/to tag) and
>>>         session id
>>>          > > is determined by session id given in the SDP message.  My
>>>         answer is
>>>          > > there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?
>>>          > >
>>>          >
>>>          >  - vijay
>>>          >  --
>>>          >  Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
>>>          >  2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
>>>          >  Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com
>>>         <http://alcatel-lucent.com/>,bell-labs.com
>>>         <http://bell-labs.com/>,acm.org <http://acm.org/>}
>>>          >  WWW:   http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs
>>>          >
>>>         _______________________________________________
>>>         Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>>         This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>>         Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu
>>>         <mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu> for questions on
>>>         current sip
>>>         Use sipping@ietf.org <mailto:sipping@ietf.org> for new
>>>         developments on the application of sip
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>     --     BR
>>>     Donald _______________________________________________
>>>     This is the SIP Forum discussion mailing list
>>>     TO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your delivery options, please visit
>>>     http://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion
>>>     Post to the list at discussion@sipforum.org
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Gaurav Katiyar
>>> Induslogic india pvt. ltd
>>> B-34/1 sector 59 NOIDA
>>> Phone:9818381368
>>>
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try
>>> it now.
>>> <http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=51733/*http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ 
>>>
>>>  >
>>>
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>
> 
> 
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
> 
> 
> 
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>
> 
> 

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Date: Wed, 30 Apr 2008 19:56:10 +0530
From: Mahesh Anjanappa <mahesha@samsung.com>
To: Paul Kyzivat <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Sip] [SIPForum-discussion] What's the difference
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> Mahesh Anjanappa wrote:
>> I'm surprised to see that a fundamental concept "SIP Session" does not 
>> have
>> a clear definition documented anywhere. I was eagerly waiting for a IETF 
>> Guru
>> to clarify this. I wish somebody writes a draft clarifying all the 
>> undocumented
>> fundamental concepts in SIP. If i knew it all, i would have done it :-)
>
> IMO the reason there is no definition of such a "fundamental concept" is 
> that it isn't fundamental. While it might be interesting to discuss, it 
> doesn't affect anything. And in fact, when you start to dig into what this 
> "fundamental concept" means it starts to fall apart.

Yes, it starts to fall apart,:-),  which annoys me & is the reason why i
dig further because i feel i'm missing something here. We use
the word Session so often in discussions and IMHO it is dangerous
if i cant put down a fullfilling definition for it.

>
>> My 2 cents on it.
>> A Session is a Rendezvous Contract between 2 or more UA's for 
>> communnicating
>> with some modality. SIP dialog is a context over which such a Contract is 
>> negotiated
>> decided, and upheld.
>> Normally the SDP Session Id should identify the Contract/Session. But not 
>> necessarily
>> always. If its a multiparty the Conference ID would serve such a purpose.
>
> Is each modality a separate contract? Or is is a contract for a 
> *collection* of modalities? (E.g. voice + video)

It is a contract for a *collection* of modalities.

>
>> I can get into a session with a non-INVITE dialog as well. Example: 
>> SUBSCRIBE to
>> a specialized Event package. In this case some Identifier in the Event 
>> package probably will
>> serve as the Session Id.
>
> Do you mean to imply that the event notifications are then the 
> communication modality?

Yes, thats right (example:PIDF doc if Presence )

>> As you can see there can be more than 1 dialog related a Session.
>> But there is no documentation saying what exactly threads all the dialogs 
>> to a Session except
>> the mentioning of a ID in the SDP RFC to identify the session being 
>> described in a SDP.
>>
>> My understanding is that a Session Identifier can take the form of 
>> Conference ID or any
>> other depending on the method used to setup the rendezvoud/session.
>>
>> Well, the above is my understanding of it, not based on any existing 
>> draft or RFC, so i welcome
>> whatever corrections need be.
>
> Its a decent try. As I mentioned in a prior reply, IMO there is no real 
> need to define this.

Frankly, i didnt understand why you say that there is no real need to define 
this.

>
> I'm not fully understanding what you are proposing (see questions above). 
> I expect that it may start to fall apart in the details of particular use 
> cases. Will you explain to me how your definition relates to the use case 
> with A/B/C/D that I gave?

OK,let me see.
A, C and D get into a Session/Contract to communicate using Video and Audio.
The contract allows for either of the Media to be used hence C uses audio
and D uses video. B facilitates the Contract by holding the three dialogs.
The 3 dialogs are tied together by a Conference Id (i suppose)
thus COnference Id representing the Session Identifier.B too is considered a 
party in the
session though its role is different from that of A,C and D.


> Paul
>
>> regards
>> Mahesh
>>
>> ----- Original Message ----- From: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
>> To: "gaurav katiyar" <gaurav_katiyar@yahoo.com>
>> Cc: <sip@ietf.org>; <discussion@sipforum.org>; <bmwg@ietf.org>
>> Sent: Tuesday, April 29, 2008 10:32 PM
>> Subject: Re: [Sip] [SIPForum-discussion] What's the difference between 
>> session and dialog in SIP?
>>
>>
>>>
>>>
>>> gaurav katiyar wrote:
>>>> Sip "Session Initiation Protocol". It talks about media session, i mean
>>>> how to initiate, modify and terminate a session and Dialog provides a
>>>> sort of context (like caller, callee, location, routing etc.) to modify
>>>> this session. So dialog is more related to route the sip message to
>>>> right node and body (SDP) handles media session if present. Dialogs may
>>>> have media sessions Or may not.
>>>>
>>>> Take an example of B2BUA. It is a type of statefull proxy having two
>>>> dialog and one media session if doing media routing.
>>>
>>> Maybe. IMO these concepts aren't sufficiently defined.
>>>
>>> One view is that a session is whatever SDP describes. Thus its one
>>> session regardless of how many media streams it contains. And in the
>>> case of an SDP containing multicast media addresses, and possibly
>>> advertised via SAP, there could be many participants in the same 
>>> session.
>>>
>>> But then in sip it takes a pair of SDPs to establish a call. Is that one
>>> session, or two? And in your case above with the B2BUA, is it one
>>> session, or two, or four?
>>>
>>> Another view is that a session in the context of sip is whatever is
>>> established as a result of an INVITE. Then I guess the pair of SDPs
>>> together describe one session, regardless of how many media streams. But
>>> in that case the B2BUA example would be two sessions.
>>>
>>> Then consider a more complex case:
>>>
>>>                     audio
>>>                  /-------- C
>>>                 /
>>>   A ========== B
>>>     audio       \
>>>     video        \-------- D
>>>                     video
>>>
>>> Here B is a B2BUA and media relay as in your example, but one stream is
>>> relayed to C and the other to D.
>>>
>>> In this case, how many sessions are there? A, C, and D each have one,
>>> but are any of those the same? Or are there three altogether?
>>>
>>> When I see "session" used, I just assume it means something vague, and
>>> read on to see what is actually meant.
>>>
>>> Paul
>>>
>>>> */Donald Lee <baolovebao@gmail.com>/* wrote:
>>>>
>>>>     old good questions in sip, also add another "transaction".
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:18 AM, 孙宗君 <szj087@gmail.com
>>>>     <mailto:szj087@gmail.com>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>         Hi, Vijay
>>>>
>>>>         Thanks very much for your timely answers.
>>>>
>>>>          From this specification,  session is a combination of 
>>>> signaling
>>>>         plane
>>>>         and media plane messages and processes that enable two or more
>>>>         participants to communicate. I think session is a larger scope 
>>>> than
>>>>         dialog. In another word, one session can contain more than one
>>>>         dialog.
>>>>         Is what I understand right?
>>>>
>>>>         Zongjun
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>         2008/4/24, Vijay K. Gurbani <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com
>>>>         <mailto:vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>>:
>>>>          > There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG to create
>>>>         performance
>>>>          >  metrics around SIP.  One of the first tasks in such an 
>>>> endeavor
>>>>          >  is to define the notion of dialogs and sessions.  Please 
>>>> see
>>>>          >  Section 3.1.1 of
>>>>          >
>>>>
>>>> https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt
>>>>          >  of the above draft for some insight.
>>>>          >
>>>>          >  Ëï×Ú¾ý wrote:
>>>>          >
>>>>          > > Hi, Lincoln
>>>>          > >
>>>>          > > thanks for your instructions.
>>>>          > >
>>>>          > > I know that dialog can exist without session since
>>>>         SUBSCRIBE/REFER can
>>>>          > > create dialog and without any media between communication
>>>>         peers.
>>>>          > >
>>>>          > > What I want to know is the relationship of dialog and
>>>>         session when
>>>>          > > they both exist in one communication activity. Take a
>>>>         example, when
>>>>          > > there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say
>>>>         there is a
>>>>          > > dialog and a session.
>>>>          > >
>>>>          > > But when one caller invites another callee and gets five
>>>>         200 final
>>>>          > > responses from 5 UA every of which has its own session
>>>>         description. We
>>>>          > > can say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and the 
>>>> other 5
>>>>          > > callees, right? And then what is the exact number of
>>>>         session in this
>>>>          > > scenario? One session or five session? That is what I want
>>>>         to know.
>>>>          > >
>>>>          > > Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/to tag) 
>>>> and
>>>>         session id
>>>>          > > is determined by session id given in the SDP message.  My
>>>>         answer is
>>>>          > > there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?
>>>>          > >
>>>>          >
>>>>          >  - vijay
>>>>          >  --
>>>>          >  Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
>>>>          >  2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
>>>>          >  Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com
>>>>         <http://alcatel-lucent.com/>,bell-labs.com
>>>>         <http://bell-labs.com/>,acm.org <http://acm.org/>}
>>>>          >  WWW:   http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs
>>>>          >
>>>>         _______________________________________________
>>>>         Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>>>         This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>>>         Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu
>>>>         <mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu> for questions on
>>>>         current sip
>>>>         Use sipping@ietf.org <mailto:sipping@ietf.org> for new
>>>>         developments on the application of sip
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     --     BR
>>>>     Donald _______________________________________________
>>>>     This is the SIP Forum discussion mailing list
>>>>     TO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your delivery options, please visit
>>>>     http://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion
>>>>     Post to the list at discussion@sipforum.org
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Gaurav Katiyar
>>>> Induslogic india pvt. ltd
>>>> B-34/1 sector 59 NOIDA
>>>> Phone:9818381368
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try
>>>> it now.
>>>> <http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=51733/*http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ
>>>>  >
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>
>>
>>
>> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>>
>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>
>> 

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	gaurav katiyar <gaurav_katiyar@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [Sip] [SIPForum-discussion] What's the difference
 between	session and dialog in SIP?
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Mahesh Anjanappa wrote:
>> I'm not fully understanding what you are proposing (see questions 
>> above). I expect that it may start to fall apart in the details of 
>> particular use cases. Will you explain to me how your definition 
>> relates to the use case with A/B/C/D that I gave?
> 
> OK,let me see.
> A, C and D get into a Session/Contract to communicate using Video and 
> Audio.

I guess you misunderstand what I was describing.

The SDP negotiated between A and B contains both audio and video.

The SDP negotiated between B and C contains only audio. (B didn't offer 
the video to C.)

The SDP negotiated between B and D contains only video. (B didn't offer 
the video to D.)

The purpose of B is to consolidate an audio-only device and a video-only 
device into what seems, to A, like one audio/video device.

They don't all have the same contract. So by your definition I don't 
think they can all have one session.

In some conceptual sense you may think of this as one session. But its 
hard to find any tangible item that they all have that refers to a 
single session. In the end, from the point of view of B it may indeed be 
one session. But A, C, and D can't perceive that.

> The contract allows for either of the Media to be used hence C uses audio
> and D uses video. B facilitates the Contract by holding the three dialogs.
> The 3 dialogs are tied together by a Conference Id (i suppose)
> thus COnference Id representing the Session Identifier.B too is 
> considered a party in the
> session though its role is different from that of A,C and D.

If this were done with a conference mixer, and hence there was a 
conference id, then I guess you could say that the conference id was an 
identifier for the "session".

But if B was purpose-built for this particular functionality, and there 
is no conference id, then what?

And in a simple call between A and C there would be no conference id, so 
something else must serve as the "session" identifier. But in that case, 
it would seem that these aren't the *same* notion of session.

You asked why I didn't think it was important to define session. I will 
admit that it seems odd to have a Session Initiation Protocol without a 
clear idea of what this "session" is that it is initiating. So it indeed 
would be *nice* to have a definition that covers all the cases.

But not having one doesn't seem to be preventing anyone from doing 
anything, does it?

 From a practical perspective I think the thing that is being initiated 
by SIP is the contract established by a matching offer/answer. That is 
fairly straightforward when the UAC and UAS are the offerer and 
answerer, or visa versa. It gets messy when other UAs are involved in 
the construction of the offer and the answer. And in those cases it gets 
really hard to figure out what the session is, because not all the 
parties will agree.

	Paul

>> Paul
>>
>>> regards
>>> Mahesh
>>>
>>> ----- Original Message ----- From: "Paul Kyzivat" <pkyzivat@cisco.com>
>>> To: "gaurav katiyar" <gaurav_katiyar@yahoo.com>
>>> Cc: <sip@ietf.org>; <discussion@sipforum.org>; <bmwg@ietf.org>
>>> Sent: Tuesday, April 29, 2008 10:32 PM
>>> Subject: Re: [Sip] [SIPForum-discussion] What's the difference 
>>> between session and dialog in SIP?
>>>
>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> gaurav katiyar wrote:
>>>>> Sip "Session Initiation Protocol". It talks about media session, i 
>>>>> mean
>>>>> how to initiate, modify and terminate a session and Dialog provides a
>>>>> sort of context (like caller, callee, location, routing etc.) to 
>>>>> modify
>>>>> this session. So dialog is more related to route the sip message to
>>>>> right node and body (SDP) handles media session if present. Dialogs 
>>>>> may
>>>>> have media sessions Or may not.
>>>>>
>>>>> Take an example of B2BUA. It is a type of statefull proxy having two
>>>>> dialog and one media session if doing media routing.
>>>>
>>>> Maybe. IMO these concepts aren't sufficiently defined.
>>>>
>>>> One view is that a session is whatever SDP describes. Thus its one
>>>> session regardless of how many media streams it contains. And in the
>>>> case of an SDP containing multicast media addresses, and possibly
>>>> advertised via SAP, there could be many participants in the same 
>>>> session.
>>>>
>>>> But then in sip it takes a pair of SDPs to establish a call. Is that 
>>>> one
>>>> session, or two? And in your case above with the B2BUA, is it one
>>>> session, or two, or four?
>>>>
>>>> Another view is that a session in the context of sip is whatever is
>>>> established as a result of an INVITE. Then I guess the pair of SDPs
>>>> together describe one session, regardless of how many media streams. 
>>>> But
>>>> in that case the B2BUA example would be two sessions.
>>>>
>>>> Then consider a more complex case:
>>>>
>>>>                     audio
>>>>                  /-------- C
>>>>                 /
>>>>   A ========== B
>>>>     audio       \
>>>>     video        \-------- D
>>>>                     video
>>>>
>>>> Here B is a B2BUA and media relay as in your example, but one stream is
>>>> relayed to C and the other to D.
>>>>
>>>> In this case, how many sessions are there? A, C, and D each have one,
>>>> but are any of those the same? Or are there three altogether?
>>>>
>>>> When I see "session" used, I just assume it means something vague, and
>>>> read on to see what is actually meant.
>>>>
>>>> Paul
>>>>
>>>>> */Donald Lee <baolovebao@gmail.com>/* wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>     old good questions in sip, also add another "transaction".
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>     On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:18 AM, 孙宗君 <szj087@gmail.com
>>>>>     <mailto:szj087@gmail.com>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>         Hi, Vijay
>>>>>
>>>>>         Thanks very much for your timely answers.
>>>>>
>>>>>          From this specification,  session is a combination of 
>>>>> signaling
>>>>>         plane
>>>>>         and media plane messages and processes that enable two or more
>>>>>         participants to communicate. I think session is a larger 
>>>>> scope than
>>>>>         dialog. In another word, one session can contain more than one
>>>>>         dialog.
>>>>>         Is what I understand right?
>>>>>
>>>>>         Zongjun
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>         2008/4/24, Vijay K. Gurbani <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com
>>>>>         <mailto:vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>>:
>>>>>          > There is some work progressing in the BMWG WG to create
>>>>>         performance
>>>>>          >  metrics around SIP.  One of the first tasks in such an 
>>>>> endeavor
>>>>>          >  is to define the notion of dialogs and sessions.  
>>>>> Please see
>>>>>          >  Section 3.1.1 of
>>>>>          >
>>>>>
>>>>> https://svn.resiprocate.org/rep/ietf-drafts/gurbani/bmwg-sip-bench-term/draft-ietf-bmwg-sip-term-00.txt 
>>>>>
>>>>>          >  of the above draft for some insight.
>>>>>          >
>>>>>          >  Ëï×Ú¾ý wrote:
>>>>>          >
>>>>>          > > Hi, Lincoln
>>>>>          > >
>>>>>          > > thanks for your instructions.
>>>>>          > >
>>>>>          > > I know that dialog can exist without session since
>>>>>         SUBSCRIBE/REFER can
>>>>>          > > create dialog and without any media between communication
>>>>>         peers.
>>>>>          > >
>>>>>          > > What I want to know is the relationship of dialog and
>>>>>         session when
>>>>>          > > they both exist in one communication activity. Take a
>>>>>         example, when
>>>>>          > > there are 2 person participating talks with voice, we say
>>>>>         there is a
>>>>>          > > dialog and a session.
>>>>>          > >
>>>>>          > > But when one caller invites another callee and gets five
>>>>>         200 final
>>>>>          > > responses from 5 UA every of which has its own session
>>>>>         description. We
>>>>>          > > can say that there are 5 dialogs between caller and 
>>>>> the other 5
>>>>>          > > callees, right? And then what is the exact number of
>>>>>         session in this
>>>>>          > > scenario? One session or five session? That is what I 
>>>>> want
>>>>>         to know.
>>>>>          > >
>>>>>          > > Dialog is determined by dialogID (call-id, from/to 
>>>>> tag) and
>>>>>         session id
>>>>>          > > is determined by session id given in the SDP message.  My
>>>>>         answer is
>>>>>          > > there are 5 dialog and one session now, right?
>>>>>          > >
>>>>>          >
>>>>>          >  - vijay
>>>>>          >  --
>>>>>          >  Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
>>>>>          >  2701 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9F-546, Lisle, Illinois 60532 (USA)
>>>>>          >  Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com
>>>>>         <http://alcatel-lucent.com/>,bell-labs.com
>>>>>         <http://bell-labs.com/>,acm.org <http://acm.org/>}
>>>>>          >  WWW:   http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bell-labs
>>>>>          >
>>>>>         _______________________________________________
>>>>>         Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>>>>         This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>>>>         Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu
>>>>>         <mailto:sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu> for questions on
>>>>>         current sip
>>>>>         Use sipping@ietf.org <mailto:sipping@ietf.org> for new
>>>>>         developments on the application of sip
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>     --     BR
>>>>>     Donald _______________________________________________
>>>>>     This is the SIP Forum discussion mailing list
>>>>>     TO UNSUBSCRIBE, or edit your delivery options, please visit
>>>>>     http://sipforum.org/mailman/listinfo/discussion
>>>>>     Post to the list at discussion@sipforum.org
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Gaurav Katiyar
>>>>> Induslogic india pvt. ltd
>>>>> B-34/1 sector 59 NOIDA
>>>>> Phone:9818381368
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
>>>>>
>>>>> Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try
>>>>> it now.
>>>>> <http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=51733/*http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ 
>>>>>
>>>>>  >
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>>>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Sip mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sip
>>>> This list is for NEW development of the core SIP Protocol
>>>> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
>>>> Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
>>>>
>>>
> 

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Use sipping@ietf.org for new developments on the application of sip
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Message-ID: <2374a5fb0804302347r21b0627cj3160a3605d73cf0d@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 1 May 2008 14:47:10 +0800
From: "=?GB2312?B?y+/TwLni?=" <sammanengineer@gmail.com>
To: sip@ietf.org, discussion@sipforum.org, bmwg@ietf.org
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Subject: [Sip] application/broadsoft
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Hi All

     anyone can tell the format of "application/broadsoft"

Thanks

Samman

2008-5-1

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<div>Hi All</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; anyone can tell the format of &quot;application/broadsoft&quot;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Thanks</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Samman</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>2008-5-1</div>

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