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Subject: [Sipbrandy] I-D Action: draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the SIP Best-practice Recommendations Against Network Dangers to privacY WG of the IETF.

        Title           : An Opportunistic Approach for Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (OSRTP)
        Authors         : Alan Johnston
                          Bernard Aboba
                          Andrew Hutton
                          Roland Jesske
                          Thomas Stach
	Filename        : draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09.txt
	Pages           : 9
	Date            : 2019-05-01

Abstract:
   Opportunistic Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (OSRTP) is an
   implementation of the Opportunistic Security mechanism, as defined in
   RFC 7435, applied to Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP).  OSRTP
   allows encrypted media to be used in environments where support for
   encryption is not known in advance, and not required.  OSRTP does not
   require SDP extensions or features and is fully backwards compatible
   with existing implementations using encrypted and authenticated media
   and implementations that do not encrypt or authenticate media
   packets.  OSRTP is not specific to any key management technique for
   SRTP.  OSRTP is a transitional approach useful for migrating existing
   deployments of real-time communications to a fully encrypted and
   authenticated state.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp/

There are also htmlized versions available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09

A diff from the previous version is available at:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


From nobody Wed May  1 04:40:01 2019
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References: <72C42C63-D5C4-403D-A895-429CB2238AC3@nostrum.com> <e6724bd0-1ea0-3014-8836-60dc454c2982@ericsson.com> <CAB7PXwTUXUa1Euar+hXY4EzOqZ0_U-eru=e1ApjTy4a2FCBYJg@mail.gmail.com> <CAB7PXwRSFXcB5zGdNP_zqyKWUJqZAK+bKsxeyWhK6eeogqJ8dw@mail.gmail.com> <A7A08115-5B69-4931-8C89-0EBDF3A76D10@nostrum.com> <c28ee3c0-b91d-3a12-e83b-4d3b727fc908@ericsson.com> <CAB7PXwRtAd1OC6r0AGJZ66km=ei_fq80QYUUuNbZuQGT4HmPkQ@mail.gmail.com> <741719ee-bbc6-adaf-a036-8fdd655e470f@ericsson.com> <CAB7PXwTkkN0905aHREPyoCX0YY1+adr9sbrVnGuPFp-Rgk3ONw@mail.gmail.com> <FBD2D501-6126-4FA0-B9BA-1BC042F529E2@nostrum.com> <CAB7PXwQYWrkhdM9LBiso++axdMyu2p08WG8K59Q1PaYJWbvn_A@mail.gmail.com> <8a1ab85c-0dd3-7db8-57ff-c7e76fffde62@ericsson.com>
In-Reply-To: <8a1ab85c-0dd3-7db8-57ff-c7e76fffde62@ericsson.com>
From: Andy Hutton <andyhutton.ietf@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 1 May 2019 12:39:44 +0100
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To: Gonzalo Camarillo <Gonzalo.Camarillo@ericsson.com>
Cc: Ben Campbell <ben@nostrum.com>, "sipbrandy@ietf.org" <sipbrandy@ietf.org>,  "draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp.all@ietf.org" <draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp.all@ietf.org>, ART ADs <art-ads@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Sipbrandy] AD Evaluation of draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-07
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Done.

The -09 draft has been submitted with text suggested by Ben, with
minor tweaks from me, in the security considerations section.

https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09


Regards

Andy

On Fri, 26 Apr 2019 at 11:45, Gonzalo Camarillo
<Gonzalo.Camarillo@ericsson.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Andy,
>
> yes, please, go ahead revise the draft so that Ben's AD review is
> addressed. Alexey will take it from there.
>
> Cheers,
>
> Gonzalo
>
> On 25-Apr-19 14:07, Andy Hutton wrote:
> > Thanks Ben for suggesting text.
> >
> > I would be happy to add the text Ben suggested to the security
> > considerations section if that is what is needed to get this done.
> >
> > Regards
> > Andy
> >
> >
> >
> > On Tue, 23 Apr 2019 at 22:25, Ben Campbell <ben@nostrum.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> (Please keep in mind I am no longer an AD; at this point my concern sh=
ould be treated like last call feedback.)
> >>
> >> The issue with SDES is that, while SDES says messages with =E2=80=9Ca=
=3Dcrypto=E2=80=9D SHOULD be protected end-to-end, and that hop-by-hop thin=
gs such as TLS and IPSec SHOULD NOT be used across with intermediaries, in =
practice that SHOULD and SHOULD NOT are routinely ignored.
> >>
> >> I don=E2=80=99t think this requires a huge change. I propose adding a =
paragraph to the effect of the following before the current last paragraph =
in section 4:
> >>
> >> =E2=80=9CWhile OSRTP does not require authentication of the key-agreem=
ent mechanism, it does need them to avoid exposing
> >> SRTP keys to eavesdroppers, since this could enable passive attacks ag=
ainst SRTP.  Section 8.3 of [RFC4568] requires that any messages that conta=
in SRTP keys be encrypted, and further says that encryption =E2=80=9CSHOULD=
=E2=80=9D  provide end-to-end confidentiality protection if intermediaries =
that could inspect the SDP message are present. At the time of this writing=
, that =E2=80=9CSHOULD=E2=80=9D is commonly ignored. Therefore, if OSRTP is=
 used with Security Descriptions, any such intermediaries (e.g., SIP proxie=
s) must be assumed to have access to the SRTP keys.=E2=80=9D
> >>
> >> Thanks!
> >>
> >> Ben.
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>> On Apr 8, 2019, at 5:47 AM, Andy Hutton <andyhutton.ietf@gmail.com> w=
rote:
> >>>
> >>> I looked at this again and I am not convinced that any further change=
s
> >>> to the draft are needed but if someone wants to suggest text then I
> >>> can include it in the draft.
> >>>
> >>> In the case of SDES the security considerations states that an
> >>> encrypted signalling channel must still be used so this draft changes
> >>> nothing with respect to intermediaries and the SDES (RFC 4568)
> >>> security considerations still apply.
> >>>
> >>> Regards
> >>> Andy
> >>>
> >>> On Tue, 2 Apr 2019 at 14:56, Gonzalo Camarillo
> >>> <gonzalo.camarillo@ericsson.com> wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>> Hi Andy,
> >>>>
> >>>> Ben's response below indicates that his main substantive comment was=
 not
> >>>> addressed in the revision you submitted last week. Could you please =
look
> >>>> into it and get back to Ben? Thanks!
> >>>>
> >>>>>> With regard to Ben's comment on the relaxing of the authentication
> >>>>>> requirement then this is consistent with the Opportunistic
> >>>>>> Security RFC 7435 and I added a reference to this as
> >>>>>> clarification.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> If I recall correctly, RFC 7435 does not discuss scenarios with
> >>>>> separate signaling and media channels, and how OS applies to each
> >>>>> channel. I was looking more for something about the impacts of this
> >>>>> =E2=80=9Crelaxation=E2=80=9D specific to these sorts of scenarios w=
ith dtls-srtp and
> >>>>> sdes, and resulting assurances.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> For example, dtls-srtp with no authentication does not give you
> >>>>> assurances about who you are talking to, but it still allows
> >>>>> encryption. SDES without encryption lets an eavesdropper potentiall=
y
> >>>>> learn the encryption keys, etc. SDES with transport level protectio=
n
> >>>>> (e.g. SIPS) protects from off-path eavesdroppers, but allows proxie=
s
> >>>>> and b2bua=E2=80=99s in the signaling path to learn the encryption k=
eys.
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>> Cheers,
> >>>>
> >>>> Gonzalo
> >>>>
> >>>> On 02-Apr-19 16:50, Andy Hutton wrote:
> >>>>> I believe all Ben's points are addressed in the draft I submitted
> >>>>> last week https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-08
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Regards Andy
> >>>>>
> >>>>> On Tue, 2 Apr 2019 at 12:03, Gonzalo Camarillo
> >>>>> <gonzalo.camarillo@ericsson.com> wrote:
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> Hi Andy, authors,
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> could you please let Alexey when he should expect a new revision o=
f
> >>>>>> this draft that addresses Ben's point below?
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> Cheers,
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> Gonzalo
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> On 26-Mar-19 18:10, Ben Campbell wrote:
> >>>>>>> (+Alexey, who will take over SIPBRANDY when I step down as AD)
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Hi,
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Thanks for the response. This does not quite address my main
> >>>>>>> substantive comment. It does address everything else :-)
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Please see comment in line.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Thanks!
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Ben.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> On Mar 26, 2019, at 11:58 AM, Andy Hutton
> >>>>>>>> <andyhutton.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> I submitted an update in response to Ben's comments -
> >>>>>>>> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-08
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> With regard to Ben's comment on the relaxing of the
> >>>>>>>> authentication requirement then this is consistent with the
> >>>>>>>> Opportunistic Security RFC 7435 and I added a reference to this
> >>>>>>>> as clarification.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> If I recall correctly, RFC 7435 does not discuss scenarios with
> >>>>>>> separate signaling and media channels, and how OS applies to each
> >>>>>>> channel. I was looking more for something about the impacts of
> >>>>>>> this =E2=80=9Crelaxation=E2=80=9D specific to these sorts of scen=
arios with
> >>>>>>> dtls-srtp and sdes, and resulting assurances.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> For example, dtls-srtp with no authentication does not give you
> >>>>>>> assurances about who you are talking to, but it still allows
> >>>>>>> encryption. SDES without encryption lets an eavesdropper
> >>>>>>> potentially learn the encryption keys, etc. SDES with transport
> >>>>>>> level protection  (e.g. SIPS) protects from off-path
> >>>>>>> eavesdroppers, but allows proxies and b2bua=E2=80=99s in the sign=
aling
> >>>>>>> path to learn the encryption keys.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> Hopefully we can get this to RFC status now.
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> Regards Andy
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> On Mon, 25 Mar 2019 at 22:26, Andy Hutton
> >>>>>>>> <andyhutton.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> Sorry about the delay.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> See below.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> I will update the draft.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> Andy
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> On Fri, 15 Feb 2019 at 08:46, Gonzalo Camarillo
> >>>>>>>>> <gonzalo.camarillo@ericsson.com> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>> Thanks for the quick review, Ben!
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>> Authors, please address Ben's comments below.
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>> Cheers,
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>> Gonzalo
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>> On 14-Feb-19 22:46, Ben Campbell wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>> Hi,
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>> This is my AD Evaluation of
> >>>>>>>>>>> draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-07.
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>> Thank you for a readable and easy to understand
> >>>>>>>>>>> document.There is one comment I would like to resolve
> >>>>>>>>>>> prior to IETF LC. The others can be resolved along with
> >>>>>>>>>>> any last call feedback.
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>> *** Please resolve prior to IETF LC ***
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>> =C2=A74: The relaxation of authentication requirements for
> >>>>>>>>>>> DTLS-SRTP and SDES could use some elaboration on why this
> >>>>>>>>>>> acceptable. I _think_ the answer is that, since OSRTP
> >>>>>>>>>>> doesn=E2=80=99t guaranty authentication, there=E2=80=99s no n=
eed for such
> >>>>>>>>>>> a guaranty from the signaling channel. Is that correct?
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>> OTOH, =C2=A71 says "third mode for security between
> >>>>>>>>>>> "cleartext=E2=80=9D and "comprehensive protection" that allow=
s
> >>>>>>>>>>> encryption and authentication to be used if supported=E2=80=
=A6=E2=80=9D.
> >>>>>>>>>>> That suggests that that authentication is sometimes
> >>>>>>>>>>> provided. Is there a distinction between the
> >>>>>>>>>>> authenticated case and unauthenticated case that should
> >>>>>>>>>>> be mentioned somewhere? (For example, is there a need to
> >>>>>>>>>>> indicate the distinction to the user?)
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> $1 should I think say "allows encryption and authenticated
> >>>>>>>>> media" but I cannot remember why we said the signalling
> >>>>>>>>> authentication requirements are relaxed this has been in the
> >>>>>>>>> draft from day 1 and I guess it is consistent with the best
> >>>>>>>>> effort approach.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> Anyone else want to comment?
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>> *** Other Substantive Comments ***
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>> =C2=A72: Please use the new boilerplate from RFC 8174.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> Will do.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>> =C2=A73.1: Please clarify that that the offer can contain mor=
e
> >>>>>>>>>>> than one key management attribute. This is mentioned in
> >>>>>>>>>>> =C2=A73.1, but not actually in the section on generating the
> >>>>>>>>>>> offer.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> Will do.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>> *** Editorial Comments ***
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>> =C2=A73: "As discussed in [RFC7435], this is the
> >>>>>>>>>>> "comprehensive protection" for media mode.=E2=80=9D s/this/th=
at
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> Thanks
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>> =C2=A73.4: "meaning that the decision to create an OSRTP type
> >>>>>>>>>>> offer or something else should not be influenced=E2=80=9D Tha=
t=E2=80=99s
> >>>>>>>>>>> referring to the decision to create a _new_ offer, right?
> >>>>>>>>>>> Not the original offer?
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> Correct.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________ Sipbrandy
> >>>>>>>>>>> mailing list Sipbrandy@ietf.org
> >>>>>>>>>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sipbrandy
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________ Sipbrandy
> >>>>>>>>>> mailing list Sipbrandy@ietf.org
> >>>>>>>>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sipbrandy
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>> _______________________________________________ Sipbrandy mailing
> >>>>> list Sipbrandy@ietf.org
> >>>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sipbrandy
> >>>>>
> >>


From nobody Thu May  2 05:38:17 2019
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Subject: [Sipbrandy] Last Call: <draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09.txt> (An Opportunistic Approach for Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (OSRTP)) to Informational RFC
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The IESG has received a request from the SIP Best-practice Recommendations
Against Network Dangers to privacY WG (sipbrandy) to consider the following
document: - 'An Opportunistic Approach for Secure Real-time Transport Protocol
   (OSRTP)'
  <draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09.txt> as Informational RFC

The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits final
comments on this action. Please send substantive comments to the
ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2019-05-16. Exceptionally, comments may be
sent to iesg@ietf.org instead. In either case, please retain the beginning of
the Subject line to allow automated sorting.

Abstract


   Opportunistic Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (OSRTP) is an
   implementation of the Opportunistic Security mechanism, as defined in
   RFC 7435, applied to Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP).  OSRTP
   allows encrypted media to be used in environments where support for
   encryption is not known in advance, and not required.  OSRTP does not
   require SDP extensions or features and is fully backwards compatible
   with existing implementations using encrypted and authenticated media
   and implementations that do not encrypt or authenticate media
   packets.  OSRTP is not specific to any key management technique for
   SRTP.  OSRTP is a transitional approach useful for migrating existing
   deployments of real-time communications to a fully encrypted and
   authenticated state.




The file can be obtained via
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp/

IESG discussion can be tracked via
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp/ballot/


No IPR declarations have been submitted directly on this I-D.





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Benjamin Kaduk has entered the following ballot position for
draft-ietf-sipbrandy-rtpsec-08: No Objection

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----------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMENT:
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Thank you for resolving my Discuss point!



From nobody Tue May 14 09:10:23 2019
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Subject: [Sipbrandy] Protocol Action: 'Best Practices for Securing RTP Media Signaled with SIP' to Best Current Practice (draft-ietf-sipbrandy-rtpsec-08.txt)
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The IESG has approved the following document:
- 'Best Practices for Securing RTP Media Signaled with SIP'
  (draft-ietf-sipbrandy-rtpsec-08.txt) as Best Current Practice

This document is the product of the SIP Best-practice Recommendations Against
Network Dangers to privacY Working Group.

The IESG contact persons are Adam Roach, Alexey Melnikov and Barry Leiba.

A URL of this Internet Draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sipbrandy-rtpsec/





Technical Summary:

    Although the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) includes a suite of
    security services that has been expanded by numerous
    specifications over the years, there is no single place that
    explains how to use SIP to establish confidential media sessions.
    Additionally, existing mechanisms have some feature gaps that need
    to be identified and resolved in order for them to address the
    pervasive monitoring threat model.  This specification describes
    best practices for negotiating confidential media with SIP,
    including both comprehensive protection solutions which bind the
    media to SIP-layer identities as well as opportunistic security
    solutions.

Working Group Summary:

    There is consensus in the WG around this document.

Document Quality:

    While parts of the specification have been implemented, we are not
    aware of any implementation that implements all of it. In fact,
    the goal with publishing this RFC is to get more implementations
    out there.

Personnel:

    Gonzalo Camarillo is the Document Shepherd. Ben Campbell is the
    responsible AD.


From nobody Thu May 16 15:13:53 2019
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Reviewer: Elwyn Davies
Review result: Ready with Nits

I am the assigned Gen-ART reviewer for this draft. The General Area
Review Team (Gen-ART) reviews all IETF documents being processed
by the IESG for the IETF Chair.  Please treat these comments just
like any other last call comments.

For more information, please see the FAQ at

<https://trac.ietf.org/trac/gen/wiki/GenArtfaq>.

Document: draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09
Reviewer: Elwyn Davies
Review Date: 2019-05-16
IETF LC End Date: 2019-05-16
IESG Telechat date: Not scheduled for a telechat

Summary: Ready with nits.  Thanks for an easy to read document.  I am not sure
about whether it is acceptable to point to an expired (and effectively totally
dead) draft (draft-kaplan...) for signuficant motivation (see minor issues). 
Please consult with higher authorities.

Major issues:
None

Minor issues:

S1, para 2: The discussion and motivation for the introduction of OSRTP is at
least partially derived from the motivation explained in Section 1 of
draft-kaplan-mmusic-best-effort-srtp.  This is a long expired draft (2007)
which is not going to become an RFC.  Given this, I wonder if the text ought to
be reproduced here, perhaps as an appendix?

Nits/Editorial comments:

Abstract: s./applied to Real-time/applied to the Real-time/

Abstract: expand SDP on first use.

Abstract: expand SRTP on first use (Secure RTP).

S1:  The sentences expanding the meaning of cleartext and secure media could do
with a little expansion to make it clear that we are talking about media
streams even if that is what RTP is supposed to be about. Suggest:

OLD:
In terms of secure media, cleartext is RTP [RFC3550] media which is negotiated
with the RTP/AVP (Audio Video Profile) [RFC3551] or the RTP/AVPF profile
[RFC4585]. Comprehensive protection is Secure RTP [RFC3711], negotiated with a
secure profile, such as SAVP or SAVPF [RFC5124]. NEW: In the context of
transport of secure media streams using RTP and its secured derivatives,
cleartext is represented by an RTP [RFC3550] media stream which is negotiated
with the RTP/AVP (Audio Video Profile) [RFC3551] or the RTP/AVPF profile
[RFC4585], whereas comprehensive protection is represented by a Secure RTP
[RFC3711] stream, negotiated with a secure profile, such as SAVP or SAVPF
[RFC5124]. ENDS

(I note that SAVP and SAVPF aren't acronyms and don't need expansion.  OTOH
AVPF probably does.)

S3: The terminology used in RFC 4566 and elsewhere seems to be m= sections
rather than m-  sections.  Suggest s/m-/m=/g (4 places)

S3.4, last sentence:  the backward reference to Section 3.1 is not in RFC
format. s/section [3.1]/Section 3.1/

S4, para 3:  I think the 'must' here is normative. s/ an encrypted signaling
channel must still be used./ an encrypted signaling channel MUST still be used./

S6: The note to the RFC Editor should also note that the referenceventries
SIPCONNECT, RFC6982 and IMTC-SIP in s8 should also be removed.



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Reviewer: Allison Mankin
Review result: Ready with Nits

This document has been reviewed as part of the transport area review team's
ongoing effort to review key IETF documents. These comments were written
primarily for the transport area directors, but are copied to the document's
authors and WG to allow them to address any issues raised and also to the IETF
discussion list for information.

When done at the time of IETF Last Call, the authors should consider this
review as part of the last-call comments they receive. Please always CC
tsv-art@ietf.org if you reply to or forward this review.

This document doesn't raise any specifically transport-focused questions 
for me.  I appreciated the clear discussion of the types of security 
arrangements that can be made by Offer-Answer SIP and I found the draft 
a valuable read.  The implementation section is quite interesting.

I have a couple of issues with Section 4, though they are not about transport. 
So I'm going to mention them, but defer to the Security Area beyond just 
flagging them. Hence, I've marked the draft Ready with Nits rather than 
Ready with Issues.  

1. I find the two sentences below inconsistent with each other, with a small-m 
"must" and a cited "SHOULD" for the same issue:

      For SDP Security Descriptions key agreement [RFC4568], an
      authenticated signaling channel does not need to be used with
      OSRTP if it is not available, although an encrypted signaling
      channel must still be used.

      Section 8.3 of [RFC7435] requires that any messages that contain SRTP keys be
      encrypted, and further says that encryption "SHOULD" provide end-to-
      end confidentiality protection if intermediaries that could inspect
      the SDP message are present.

Also, there isn't a section 8.3 of RFC7435.  Is this an incorrect reference or a reference
to a pre-publication version of RFC7435?

2. I feel the sentence below misrepresents RFC7435 with its wording "requirement 
for end-to-end confidentiality."  RFC7435 has a preference for confidentiality of 
authentication if there is authentication, but TOFU means there isn't a requirement.  
The sentence is too general.

   At the time of this writing, it is
   understood that the [RFC7435] requirement for end-to-end
   confidentiality protection is commonly ignored.

Editorial/Nits
The section 4 reference to section 8.3 of RFC7435 needs to be fixed.  



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Mirja Kühlewind has entered the following ballot position for
draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: No Objection

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----------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMENT:
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Why is the intended status informational? Unfortunately, this is not further
explained in the shepherd write-up. What was the discussion in the group and
why was informational decided? As this is a protocol specification,
informational does not seem appropriate. Except this is meant to only document
an existing deployment but then the document should say so. I think it should
rather be experimental.



From nobody Mon May 27 19:15:17 2019
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Reviewer: Sean Turner
Review result: Has Issues

I had a read of the draft as well as the GENART and TSVART reviews (to avoid
duplicating comments).

Summary: Ready with (minor) issues

Issues:

0) I assume that the mismatch the TSVART refers to in the security
considerations has to do with 1) changing 4568 to require encryption but not
fail if authentication is not available, 2) pointing out that 4568's
requirement is routinely ignore for end-to-end encryption because using TLS
with intermediaries won't protect the SDP key, and 3) and reference errors (see
the next issue).  On 1, that's kind the point of OSRTP - take the encryption
you can get.  On 2, because it's the security considerations this document is
just saying don't expect to get end-to-end.  Assuming, I've interpreted this I
think this draft is okay.

1) I think these are just reference errors, but it would be good to double
check these (and I hadn't seen a response yet - might have missed it):

S4: Not sure about these references too RFC7435.  Maybe they should be to RFC
4568 instead?

s/The security considerations of [RFC7435] apply to OSRTP,
/The security considerations of [RFC4568] apply to OSRTP,

s/Section 8.3 of [RFC7435]/Section 8.3 of [RFC4568]

s/understood that the [RFC7435]/understood that the [RFC4568]

Bikesheds:

0) The fact that it's Informational struck me as odd.

1) The fact there are no updates listed also strikes me as odd.

Nits:

0) s2: Nits reports an error with the para.  I think it's:

s/RFC 2119 [RFC2119] RFC 8174 [RFC8174]
/RFC 2119 [RFC2119] [RFC8174]

1) s1, 2nd para: s/[RFC5939] ./[RFC5939].


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Reply-To: Barry Leiba <barryleiba@computer.org>
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Date: Tue, 28 May 2019 02:53:32 -0700
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Subject: [Sipbrandy] Barry Leiba's Yes on draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: (with COMMENT)
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Barry Leiba has entered the following ballot position for
draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: Yes

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The document, along with other ballot positions, can be found here:
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMENT:
----------------------------------------------------------------------

I share the question of why this is Informational and why the shepherd writeup
doesn't explain (the writeup says little more than "yes" and "no").



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Date: Tue, 28 May 2019 10:03:48 -0500
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Cc: The IESG <iesg@ietf.org>, draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp@ietf.org, sipbrandy@ietf.org, sipbrandy-chairs@ietf.org, Gonzalo Camarillo <gonzalo.camarillo@ericsson.com>
To: Barry Leiba <barryleiba@computer.org>
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Subject: Re: [Sipbrandy] Barry Leiba's Yes on draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: (with COMMENT)
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> On May 28, 2019, at 4:53 AM, Barry Leiba via Datatracker =
<noreply@ietf.org> wrote:
>=20
>=20


[=E2=80=A6]

>=20
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> COMMENT:
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>=20
> I share the question of why this is Informational and why the shepherd =
writeup
> doesn't explain (the writeup says little more than "yes" and "no").
>=20

This was discussed quite a bit in the WG and prior to chartering. The =
reasoning for =E2=80=9Cinformational=E2=80=9D was two-fold:

1) The draft does not (or was not supposed to) define new or modify =
existing protocols. It talks about how one can assemble existing =
building blocks to make the right things happen, not how to build new =
blocks. So it seemed like the most appropriate status was either =
=E2=80=9Cinformational=E2=80=9D or =E2=80=9CBCP"

2) Two of those =E2=80=9Cexisting protocols=E2=80=9D, namely ZRTP =
[RFC6189] and SDP Security Descriptions [RFC4568] are not particularly =
well regarded among some of our security experts, who indicated =
objections to using them in a new standards track document or BCP.

=46rom a strictly historical perspective, the WG originally thought it =
needed to make a normative update to RFC5124. This was to be done is a =
separate tightly-scoped draft to progress in MMUSIC, since SIPBRANDY was =
not chartered to make normative changes to anything. However, later =
discussion suggested such a change was not necessary, and the separate =
draft was abandoned.

I agree that the shepherd report or (my preference) the draft itself =
should make this more clear. Perhaps
some words could be added to section 1.1?

Thanks!

Ben (who has no unexpired hats relevant to this conversation).

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From: Roman Danyliw <rdd@cert.org>
To: Ben Campbell <ben@nostrum.com>, Barry Leiba <barryleiba@computer.org>
CC: "draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp@ietf.org" <draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp@ietf.org>, "sipbrandy@ietf.org" <sipbrandy@ietf.org>, "sipbrandy-chairs@ietf.org" <sipbrandy-chairs@ietf.org>, The IESG <iesg@ietf.org>, Gonzalo Camarillo <gonzalo.camarillo@ericsson.com>
Thread-Topic: [Sipbrandy] Barry Leiba's Yes on draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: (with COMMENT)
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Subject: Re: [Sipbrandy] Barry Leiba's Yes on draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: (with COMMENT)
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Date: Tue, 28 May 2019 14:22:24 -0500
Cc: Ben Campbell <ben@nostrum.com>, Barry Leiba <barryleiba@computer.org>, "draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp@ietf.org" <draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp@ietf.org>, "sipbrandy@ietf.org" <sipbrandy@ietf.org>, "sipbrandy-chairs@ietf.org" <sipbrandy-chairs@ietf.org>, The IESG <iesg@ietf.org>, Gonzalo Camarillo <gonzalo.camarillo@ericsson.com>
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To: Roman Danyliw <rdd@cert.org>
Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/sipbrandy/0HbVP4YzHsyMLaxKQpfQ1ZL5g2g>
Subject: Re: [Sipbrandy] Barry Leiba's Yes on draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: (with COMMENT)
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The esteem in which ZRTP is currently held is approximately the same esteem i=
n which it was held when it was initially published.

/a

> On May 28, 2019, at 14:15, Roman Danyliw <rdd@cert.org> wrote:
>=20
>=20
>=20
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: iesg [mailto:iesg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Ben Campbell
>> Sent: Tuesday, May 28, 2019 11:04 AM
>> To: Barry Leiba <barryleiba@computer.org>
>> Cc: draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp@ietf.org; sipbrandy@ietf.org; sipbrandy-
>> chairs@ietf.org; The IESG <iesg@ietf.org>; Gonzalo Camarillo
>> <gonzalo.camarillo@ericsson.com>
>> Subject: Re: [Sipbrandy] Barry Leiba's Yes on draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-=
09:
>> (with COMMENT)
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>> On May 28, 2019, at 4:53 AM, Barry Leiba via Datatracker
>> <noreply@ietf.org> wrote:
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> [=E2=80=A6]
>>=20
>>>=20
>>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> COMMENT:
>>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>=20
>>> I share the question of why this is Informational and why the shepherd
>>> writeup doesn't explain (the writeup says little more than "yes" and "no=
").
>>>=20
>>=20
>> This was discussed quite a bit in the WG and prior to chartering. The
>> reasoning for =E2=80=9Cinformational=E2=80=9D was two-fold:
>>=20
>> 1) The draft does not (or was not supposed to) define new or modify exist=
ing
>> protocols. It talks about how one can assemble existing building blocks t=
o
>> make the right things happen, not how to build new blocks. So it seemed l=
ike
>> the most appropriate status was either =E2=80=9Cinformational=E2=80=9D or=
 =E2=80=9CBCP"
>>=20
>> 2) Two of those =E2=80=9Cexisting protocols=E2=80=9D, namely ZRTP [RFC618=
9] and SDP
>> Security Descriptions [RFC4568] are not particularly well regarded among
>> some of our security experts, who indicated objections to using them in a=

>> new standards track document or BCP.
>=20
> Was there a reason the WG didn't include these references/caveats to the Z=
RTP and SSDP SD given an improved understanding of their security properties=
 since they were published?
>=20
> Roman
>=20
>> =46rom a strictly historical perspective, the WG originally thought it ne=
eded to
>> make a normative update to RFC5124. This was to be done is a separate
>> tightly-scoped draft to progress in MMUSIC, since SIPBRANDY was not
>> chartered to make normative changes to anything. However, later discussio=
n
>> suggested such a change was not necessary, and the separate draft was
>> abandoned.
>>=20
>> I agree that the shepherd report or (my preference) the draft itself shou=
ld
>> make this more clear. Perhaps some words could be added to section 1.1?
>>=20
>> Thanks!
>>=20
>> Ben (who has no unexpired hats relevant to this conversation).


From nobody Wed May 29 08:53:36 2019
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Date: Wed, 29 May 2019 08:53:16 -0700
From: Benjamin Kaduk <kaduk@mit.edu>
To: Sean Turner <sean@sn3rd.com>
Cc: secdir@ietf.org, sipbrandy@ietf.org, draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp.all@ietf.org, ietf@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [Sipbrandy] [secdir] Secdir last call review of draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09
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On Mon, May 27, 2019 at 07:15:03PM -0700, Sean Turner via Datatracker wrote:
> Reviewer: Sean Turner
> Review result: Has Issues
> 
> I had a read of the draft as well as the GENART and TSVART reviews (to avoid
> duplicating comments).
> 
> Summary: Ready with (minor) issues
> 
> Issues:
> 
> 0) I assume that the mismatch the TSVART refers to in the security
> considerations has to do with 1) changing 4568 to require encryption but not
> fail if authentication is not available, 2) pointing out that 4568's
> requirement is routinely ignore for end-to-end encryption because using TLS
> with intermediaries won't protect the SDP key, and 3) and reference errors (see
> the next issue).  On 1, that's kind the point of OSRTP - take the encryption
> you can get.  On 2, because it's the security considerations this document is
> just saying don't expect to get end-to-end.  Assuming, I've interpreted this I
> think this draft is okay.

Thanks for doing the cross-reference to the other reviews and thinking about the
raised issues.

> 1) I think these are just reference errors, but it would be good to double
> check these (and I hadn't seen a response yet - might have missed it):
> 
> S4: Not sure about these references too RFC7435.  Maybe they should be to RFC
> 4568 instead?
> 
> s/The security considerations of [RFC7435] apply to OSRTP,
> /The security considerations of [RFC4568] apply to OSRTP,
> 
> s/Section 8.3 of [RFC7435]/Section 8.3 of [RFC4568]
> 
> s/understood that the [RFC7435]/understood that the [RFC4568]
> 
> Bikesheds:
> 
> 0) The fact that it's Informational struck me as odd.
> 
> 1) The fact there are no updates listed also strikes me as odd.
> 
> Nits:
> 
> 0) s2: Nits reports an error with the para.  I think it's:
> 
> s/RFC 2119 [RFC2119] RFC 8174 [RFC8174]
> /RFC 2119 [RFC2119] [RFC8174]

The snippet in RFC 8174 has "BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174]" in this role.

-Ben

> 
> 1) s1, 2nd para: s/[RFC5939] ./[RFC5939].


From nobody Wed May 29 11:46:14 2019
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Subject: [Sipbrandy] Alissa Cooper's Yes on draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: (with COMMENT)
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Alissa Cooper has entered the following ballot position for
draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: Yes

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The document, along with other ballot positions, can be found here:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp/



----------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMENT:
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Please respond to the Gen-ART review.

In Section 3, please add a reference for SDP (presumably draft-ietf-mmusic-rfc4566bis).



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From: Alissa Cooper <alissa@cooperw.in>
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Date: Wed, 29 May 2019 14:47:24 -0400
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Subject: Re: [Sipbrandy] [Gen-art] Genart last call review of draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09
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Elwyn, thanks for your review. I entered a Yes ballot. One comment =
below.

> On May 16, 2019, at 6:13 PM, Elwyn Davies via Datatracker =
<noreply@ietf.org> wrote:
>=20
> Reviewer: Elwyn Davies
> Review result: Ready with Nits
>=20
> I am the assigned Gen-ART reviewer for this draft. The General Area
> Review Team (Gen-ART) reviews all IETF documents being processed
> by the IESG for the IETF Chair.  Please treat these comments just
> like any other last call comments.
>=20
> For more information, please see the FAQ at
>=20
> <https://trac.ietf.org/trac/gen/wiki/GenArtfaq>.
>=20
> Document: draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09
> Reviewer: Elwyn Davies
> Review Date: 2019-05-16
> IETF LC End Date: 2019-05-16
> IESG Telechat date: Not scheduled for a telechat
>=20
> Summary: Ready with nits.  Thanks for an easy to read document.  I am =
not sure
> about whether it is acceptable to point to an expired (and effectively =
totally
> dead) draft (draft-kaplan...) for signuficant motivation (see minor =
issues).=20
> Please consult with higher authorities.
>=20
> Major issues:
> None
>=20
> Minor issues:
>=20
> S1, para 2: The discussion and motivation for the introduction of =
OSRTP is at
> least partially derived from the motivation explained in Section 1 of
> draft-kaplan-mmusic-best-effort-srtp.  This is a long expired draft =
(2007)
> which is not going to become an RFC.  Given this, I wonder if the text =
ought to
> be reproduced here, perhaps as an appendix?

I think the reference to the draft is ok. It=E2=80=99s a stable =
reference.

Alissa

>=20
> Nits/Editorial comments:
>=20
> Abstract: s./applied to Real-time/applied to the Real-time/
>=20
> Abstract: expand SDP on first use.
>=20
> Abstract: expand SRTP on first use (Secure RTP).
>=20
> S1:  The sentences expanding the meaning of cleartext and secure media =
could do
> with a little expansion to make it clear that we are talking about =
media
> streams even if that is what RTP is supposed to be about. Suggest:
>=20
> OLD:
> In terms of secure media, cleartext is RTP [RFC3550] media which is =
negotiated
> with the RTP/AVP (Audio Video Profile) [RFC3551] or the RTP/AVPF =
profile
> [RFC4585]. Comprehensive protection is Secure RTP [RFC3711], =
negotiated with a
> secure profile, such as SAVP or SAVPF [RFC5124]. NEW: In the context =
of
> transport of secure media streams using RTP and its secured =
derivatives,
> cleartext is represented by an RTP [RFC3550] media stream which is =
negotiated
> with the RTP/AVP (Audio Video Profile) [RFC3551] or the RTP/AVPF =
profile
> [RFC4585], whereas comprehensive protection is represented by a Secure =
RTP
> [RFC3711] stream, negotiated with a secure profile, such as SAVP or =
SAVPF
> [RFC5124]. ENDS
>=20
> (I note that SAVP and SAVPF aren't acronyms and don't need expansion.  =
OTOH
> AVPF probably does.)
>=20
> S3: The terminology used in RFC 4566 and elsewhere seems to be m=3D =
sections
> rather than m-  sections.  Suggest s/m-/m=3D/g (4 places)
>=20
> S3.4, last sentence:  the backward reference to Section 3.1 is not in =
RFC
> format. s/section [3.1]/Section 3.1/
>=20
> S4, para 3:  I think the 'must' here is normative. s/ an encrypted =
signaling
> channel must still be used./ an encrypted signaling channel MUST still =
be used./
>=20
> S6: The note to the RFC Editor should also note that the =
referenceventries
> SIPCONNECT, RFC6982 and IMTC-SIP in s8 should also be removed.
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Gen-art mailing list
> Gen-art@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/gen-art


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From: Roman Danyliw <rdd@cert.org>
To: Adam Roach <adam@nostrum.com>
CC: Ben Campbell <ben@nostrum.com>, Barry Leiba <barryleiba@computer.org>, "draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp@ietf.org" <draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp@ietf.org>, "sipbrandy@ietf.org" <sipbrandy@ietf.org>, "sipbrandy-chairs@ietf.org" <sipbrandy-chairs@ietf.org>, The IESG <iesg@ietf.org>, Gonzalo Camarillo <gonzalo.camarillo@ericsson.com>
Thread-Topic: [Sipbrandy] Barry Leiba's Yes on draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: (with COMMENT)
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Subject: Re: [Sipbrandy] Barry Leiba's Yes on draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: (with COMMENT)
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Subject: [Sipbrandy] Benjamin Kaduk's No Objection on draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: (with COMMENT)
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Benjamin Kaduk has entered the following ballot position for
draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: No Objection

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----------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMENT:
----------------------------------------------------------------------

If ZRTP is already an OS method, and there are no changes to the ZRTP
usage or security considerations as part of OSRTP, why do we need to
cover ZRTP in this document at all (other than a pointer to "this other
OS mechanism exists")?

I could also see someone subscribing to an "attractive nuisance" theory
that obliges us to put a stronger disclaimer against secdes and/or ZRTP
usage, since we mention them in this document.  Perhaps something about
how they are generally considered to not be reasonable solutions for
"comprehensive protection" solutions but can still be useful in OS
environments?

Abstract

   Opportunistic Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (OSRTP) is an
   implementation of the Opportunistic Security mechanism, as defined in

nit: maybe s/implementation/application/?

Section 1

                                     OSRTP allows SRTP to be negotiated
   with the RTP/AVP profile, with fallback to RTP if SRTP is not
   supported.

nit: Given the preceding context, I don't see a way to read this other
than OSRTP using RTP/AVP and disallowing RTP/AVPF.  I don't know whether
an "RFP/AVP(F)" notation is at all conventional (we do "(D)TLS" and
"(EC)DHE" a lot in the security area) or they would need to both be
written out.

I agree with the directorate reviewer that inlining a substantial
portion of the "motivation and requirements for opportunistic secure
media" from draft-kaplan-mmusic-best-effort-srtp into this document
would be appropriate (while still acknowledging the prior effort).

                                      OSRTP requires no additional
   extensions to SDP or new attributes and is defined independently of
   the key agreement mechanism used.  [...]

The "defined independently" part seems to only mostly be true; see,
e.g., the security considerations where we override the need for
authenticated signaling for DTLS-SRTP OSRTP.


Section 2

Please use the boilerplate from RFC 8174 (in particular, just the "BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174]" label+references is fine).

Section 3

nit: I think most recent documents going by use "m=" rather than "m-".

   It is important to note that OSRTP makes no changes, and has no
   effect on media sessions in which the offer contains a secure profile

nit: comma after "no effect on" -- the current text is saying that OSRTP
makes no changes at all, globally, without scoping to media sessions in
which the offer contains a secure profile (which I presume to be the
intent).  I think we also need to add "to" in "makes no changes to".

Section 4

   While OSRTP does not require authentication of the key-agreement
   mechanism, it does need to avoid exposing SRTP keys to eavesdroppers,
   since this could enable passive attacks against SRTP.  Section 8.3 of
   [RFC7435] requires that any messages that contain SRTP keys be

As already noted, this is probably supposed to be an RFC 4568 reference.
Yet that is specific to secdes and not a generic SRTP consideration.

   encrypted, and further says that encryption "SHOULD" provide end-to-
   end confidentiality protection if intermediaries that could inspect
   the SDP message are present.  At the time of this writing, it is
   understood that the [RFC7435] requirement for end-to-end
   confidentiality protection is commonly ignored.  Therefore, if OSRTP

As noted, this is not an RFC 7435 requirement, and 4568 seems to be
the most likely interpretation.
FWIW, my reading of 4568 is that it requires end-to-end authentication
as well as confidentiality.  (And yes, we attempt to relax that above.)
Finally, the tsvart reviewer's concerns might be alleviated if we say
"end-to-end (as opposed to just hop-by-hop) confidentiality protection".

Also, it might be nice to give some reference for the "commonly ignored"
statement, if such is readily available.

   is used with SDP Security Descriptions, any such intermediaries
   (e.g., SIP proxies) must be assumed to have access to the SRTP keys.

Given that all of this paragraph (except potentially the first sentence)
seems to be secdes-specific, I'd suggest breaking it out into a new
paragraph and explicitly scoping to RFC 4568, and possibly even using a
subsection to indicate the scope.

Also, we should probably have another sentence or two to mention what
the potential consequences of intermediate access to keys are.

   As discussed in [RFC7435], OSRTP is used in cases where support for
   encryption by the other party is not known in advance, and not
   required.  [...]

nit: 7435 does not discuss OS*RTP*'s use at all.  So some rewording
seems in order, like, "As discussed in [RFC7435], opportunistic
security in general, and thus OSRTP specifically, is used" or "Per the
discussion in [RFC7435], OSRTP is used", etc.

Section 6

   There are implementations of [I-D.kaplan-mmusic-best-effort-srtp] in
   deployed products by Microsoft and Unify.  The IMTC "Best Practices
   for SIP Security" document [IMTC-SIP] recommends this approach.  The
   SIP Forum planned to include support in the SIPconnect 2.0 SIP
   trunking recommendation [SIPCONNECT].  There are many deployments of
   ZRTP [RFC6189].

nit: I know this is to be removed before publication, but "recommends
this approach" is a bit ambiguous about whether the kaplan approach or
this document is being recommended.



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Subject: [Sipbrandy] Roman Danyliw's No Objection on draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: (with COMMENT)
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Roman Danyliw has entered the following ballot position for
draft-ietf-sipbrandy-osrtp-09: No Objection

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----------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMENT:
----------------------------------------------------------------------

(1) Section 1.1.  Per “It is only to be used in existing deployments which are
attempting to transition to fully secure communications.  New applications and
new deployments will not use  OSRTP.”, I was expecting RFC2119 words for the
second sentence on the order of “New application … should not …”.

(2) Section 3.1.  Is there any value in creating a registry to manage the
possible “a=xxx” offer types?

(3) Editorial Nits:
Section 1.0. Extra space.  s/[RFC5939] ./[RFC5939]./
Section 1.0.  Expand OSRTP acronym on first use.  (done in title and abstract
but not in text) Section 3.  Typo.  s/oportunistic/opportunistic/


