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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
directories.
This draft is a work item of the TCP Maintenance and Minor Extensions Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: TCP Congestion Control
	Author(s)	: M. Allman, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tcpm-rfc2581bis-03.txt
	Pages		: 16
	Date		: 2007-9-6
	
This document defines TCP's four intertwined congestion control
    algorithms: slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and
    fast recovery.  In addition, the document specifies how TCP should
    begin transmission after a relatively long idle period, as well as
    discussing various acknowledgment generation methods.

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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Thu Sep 06 17:54:33 2007
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From: Daniel Schaffrath <daniel.schaffrath@mac.com>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] Congestion control in face of ICMP unreachable messages
Date: Thu, 6 Sep 2007 23:52:26 +0200
To: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
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On 2007/08/17  , at 18:41, Joe Touch wrote:

> AFAIK, congestion control response to in-band messages (ACKs) and
> timeouts (implied loss, as TCP interprets it), as well as to some new
> fields (ECN, etc.) which are carried in the same packets.
>
> Reactions to external congestion signals - ICMP source quench  
> (which has
> been informally deprecated a while ago, but has not been documented as
> such yet) or otherwise - would constitute another opportunity for a  
> DOS
> attack, and seem like a bad idea to encourage.
I am note sure your security concerns really apply :) If the bad user  
controls the forwarding node, there is no need to rely on ICMP  
message to cause harm. Instead, just dropping random segments would  
do the job. If the bad user is off the forwarding node, she would  
need (as usual) guess port and sequence numbers. If she is able to  
guess right, she might as well opt to send forged ACK dupacks to  
cause harm, or for an ECN capable transport just one ECE marked ACK.

Overall, it seems to me that there don't arise additional attack  
opportunities if there was congestion control on ICMP messages.

But maybe I am missing something?

Thanks again,
Daniel




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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Thu Sep 06 18:15:59 2007
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From: Daniel Schaffrath <daniel.schaffrath@mac.com>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] Congestion control in face of ICMP unreachable messages
Date: Fri, 7 Sep 2007 00:13:51 +0200
To: Ted Faber <faber@ISI.EDU>
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On 2007/08/17  , at 18:25, Ted Faber wrote:

> On Fri, Aug 17, 2007 at 06:06:55PM +0200, Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>> Dear Community,
>>
>> I was wondering if there are any recommendations regarding congestion
>> control in face of ICMP (host/network) unreachable messages. If I am
>> not mistaken there is nothing in the various TCPM documents... nor in
>> any RFC.
>>
>> Maybe you have any pointers?
>
> Sure.  If the code in the destination unreachable message is 2-4 abort
> the connection.  Otherwise, don't.  RFC 1122.
Ok... however, aborting a connection seems somewhat a bit too harsh  
congestion control to me :)

> I wouldn't use ICMP reachability information in congestion control,
> and I don't believe that any standard requires an implementer to do  
> so.
> If packets aren't being delivered, the sending endpoint(s) will slow
> down pretty dramatically, pretty quickly without intervention.  A
> retransmisson timeout puts the endpoint into slow start.
Yes. And that exactly what I am after. Don't you think that this a  
bit to conservative? Especially if you consider exponential back-off.  
I mean, if TCP retransmits after RTO and gets no reply, this  
indicates severe congestion and back-off is fine. But if it gets an  
ICMP unreachable message again, this might allow a less conservative  
behavior?

Another thing is that RTO needs to expire to reach slow-start  
recovery. If my understanding of RFC 1122 is correct, it's still  
standard compliant to continue sending after having received the  
first appropriate ICMP message. Maybe that's a bit too aggressive (as  
opposed to slow-start recovery after an "ICMP induced" RTO).

Thank you,
Daniel



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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Thu Sep 06 20:46:04 2007
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Date: Thu, 6 Sep 2007 17:43:35 -0700
From: Ted Faber <faber@ISI.EDU>
To: Daniel Schaffrath <daniel.schaffrath@mac.com>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] Congestion control in face of ICMP unreachable messages
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Acting in no official capacity, I say:

On Fri, Sep 07, 2007 at 12:13:51AM +0200, Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>=20
> On 2007/08/17  , at 18:25, Ted Faber wrote:
>=20
> >On Fri, Aug 17, 2007 at 06:06:55PM +0200, Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
> >>Dear Community,
> >>
> >>I was wondering if there are any recommendations regarding congestion
> >>control in face of ICMP (host/network) unreachable messages. If I am
> >>not mistaken there is nothing in the various TCPM documents... nor in
> >>any RFC.
> >>
> >>Maybe you have any pointers?
> >
> >Sure.  If the code in the destination unreachable message is 2-4 abort
> >the connection.  Otherwise, don't.  RFC 1122.
> Ok... however, aborting a connection seems somewhat a bit too harsh =20
> congestion control to me :)

Assuming you believe these are valid messages, those codes indicate that
the entity you want to talk to is not there or has gone away and isn't
coming back.  The sender is required to terminate the connection because
the network has told it that the receiver cannot be reached and that
further packets will not be delivered.  Sending any packets under those
conditions will just take up space until they're dropped.

>=20
> >I wouldn't use ICMP reachability information in congestion control,
> >and I don't believe that any standard requires an implementer to do =20
> >so.
> >If packets aren't being delivered, the sending endpoint(s) will slow
> >down pretty dramatically, pretty quickly without intervention.  A
> >retransmisson timeout puts the endpoint into slow start.
> Yes. And that exactly what I am after. Don't you think that this a =20
> bit to conservative? Especially if you consider exponential back-off. =20
> I mean, if TCP retransmits after RTO and gets no reply, this =20
> indicates severe congestion and back-off is fine. But if it gets an =20
> ICMP unreachable message again, this might allow a less conservative =20
> behavior?

Huh?

If TCP has gotten to the point where a retransmission timer has gone off
not only has the transmission of the packet to be retransmitted failed,
but enough other packets have been lost that the fast retransmit
algorithm (3 dupacks) has also not happened (yes, the window needs to
have grown to 4...).  In short, there's something very wrong with the
communication between the endpoints, and drastic action is called for.
Specifically, the sender acts as though the connection is almost new -
window is as small as possible and the ssthresh is halved.

Your text above sounds like you're saying that if a sender has heard the
network say that there's a connectivity problem between the sender and
receiver (ICMP destination unreachable) the sender is entitled to react
less conservatively, even though all the evidence is that the link is
congested.

I don't understand that logic at all.  Even if you believe that the ICMP
messages indicate a transient condition and that the connection to the
receiver will eventually be restored, the sender's best information is
that something in the network is confused about how to the destination
(ICMP unreachable) and that the receiver is unable to communicate with
the sender (no ACKs for an RTO).  All evidence is that your packets are
doing no good and possible harm (congesting links over which they're
being wrongly routed).

Explain to me why ICMP messages indicating that your packets are not
being delivered indicate you should not slow down.

>=20
> Another thing is that RTO needs to expire to reach slow-start =20
> recovery. If my understanding of RFC 1122 is correct, it's still =20
> standard compliant to continue sending after having received the =20
> first appropriate ICMP message. Maybe that's a bit too aggressive (as =20
> opposed to slow-start recovery after an "ICMP induced" RTO).

I believe your understanding of RFC 1122 is incorrect.  I don't believe
that receiving an ICMP message of any kind has any effect on the TCP
congestion control algorithms whatsoever (other than aborting the
connection in the case above).  ICMP messages are not part of a TCP
connection, and receiving one does not count as receiveing a TCP
packet, much less an ACK.  After all, an ICMP message may well be coming
from an intermediate gateway.

What text have I missed?

--=20
Ted Faber
http://www.isi.edu/~faber           PGP: http://www.isi.edu/~faber/pubkeys.=
asc
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Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>=20
> On 2007/08/17  , at 18:41, Joe Touch wrote:
>=20
>> AFAIK, congestion control response to in-band messages (ACKs) and
>> timeouts (implied loss, as TCP interprets it), as well as to some new
>> fields (ECN, etc.) which are carried in the same packets.
>>
>> Reactions to external congestion signals - ICMP source quench (which h=
as
>> been informally deprecated a while ago, but has not been documented as=

>> such yet) or otherwise - would constitute another opportunity for a DO=
S
>> attack, and seem like a bad idea to encourage.
>
> I am note sure your security concerns really apply :) If the bad user
> controls the forwarding node, there is no need to rely on ICMP message
> to cause harm. Instead, just dropping random segments would do the job.=

> If the bad user is off the forwarding node, she would need (as usual)
> guess port and sequence numbers.=20

Only port numbers. Sequence numbers strictly don't matter for ICMPs.

> If she is able to guess right, she
> might as well opt to send forged ACK dupacks to cause harm, or for an
> ECN capable transport just one ECE marked ACK.

ICMPs don't need to come from the endpoint IP address, i.e., address
verification will prevent spoofed ACKs, but cannot prevent ICMPs, since
the latter need not have spoofed source addresses.

> Overall, it seems to me that there don't arise additional attack
> opportunities if there was congestion control on ICMP messages.

Basically the above; ICMPs don't need to have forged source addresses,
but in-band attacks do.

Joe

--=20
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Joe Touch                Sr. Network Engineer, USAF TSAT Space Segment
               Postel Center Director & Research Assoc. Prof., USC/ISI


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FYI

Begin forwarded message:
> From: "ext grenville armitage" <garmitage@swin.edu.au>
> Date: September 7, 2007 9:34:16 GMT+03:00
> To: end2end <end2end-interest@postel.org>
> Subject: [e2e] Logging active TCP details in FreeBSD 5, 6 and 7
>
> All,
>
> On the off chance this is of general interest, I'd like to let
> people know of a FreeBSD kernel module we've developed for
> logging various TCP state variables in a running kernel
> while sessions are active.
>
> Called SIFTR ("sifter"), we built this for our own research into
> precisely how a FreeBSD TCP stack behaves when faced with real
> and artificial (e.g. dummynet) paths. Figured it might also be
> of interest to others.
>
> See http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/tools.html (under SIFTR)
> for a readme, changelog and tarball. The authors would love to get
> feedback from anyone trying it out. (SIFTR has been developed and
> tested mostly under FreeBSD 6.2, but we believe it'll be stable
> under 5.x and 7.x too.)
>
> cheers,
> gja
>


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Wed Sep 12 11:41:10 2007
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From: Lars Eggert <lars.eggert@nokia.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Sep 2007 18:38:38 +0300
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Hi,

regarding http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-larsen-tsvwg-port- 
randomization, there was quite a bit of discussion around this draft  
during the summer. My personal take is that I saw more positive than  
negative comments, but I'd like to confirm this.

I'd hence like to start a consensus call on whether we want to take  
this document to be the basis for a standards-track work item in  
TSVWG that will recommend a randomization scheme for operating  
systems allocation of source ports. Because this scheme will cover  
all our transport protocols, I'm CC'ing the DCCP and TCPM working  
groups. This consensus call will run for two weeks, until September 28.

Please comment on the tsvwg@ietf.org list (reply-to set accordingly),  
even if you have already commented be on this draft in the past.

To make it easy for your chairs, please start your email by choosing  
ONE of the options below, followed by any detailed comments you'd  
like to make:

   (1) TSVWG should take on this work item, with this document as the  
basis
   (2) TSVWG should take on this work item, but NOT with this  
document as the basis
   (3) TSVWG should NOT take on this work item
   (4) don't care

Thanks,
Lars
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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Wed Sep 12 14:25:36 2007
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From: Daniel Schaffrath <daniel.schaffrath@mac.com>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] Congestion control in face of ICMP unreachable messages
Date: Wed, 12 Sep 2007 20:23:32 +0200
To: Ted Faber <faber@ISI.EDU>
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On 2007/09/07  , at 02:43, Ted Faber wrote:

> Acting in no official capacity, I say:
Sorry, I don't get this.

> On Fri, Sep 07, 2007 at 12:13:51AM +0200, Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>>
>> On 2007/08/17  , at 18:25, Ted Faber wrote:
>>
>>> On Fri, Aug 17, 2007 at 06:06:55PM +0200, Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>>>> Dear Community,
>>>>
>>>> I was wondering if there are any recommendations regarding  
>>>> congestion
>>>> control in face of ICMP (host/network) unreachable messages. If  
>>>> I am
>>>> not mistaken there is nothing in the various TCPM documents...  
>>>> nor in
>>>> any RFC.
>>>>
>>>> Maybe you have any pointers?
>>>
>>> Sure.  If the code in the destination unreachable message is 2-4  
>>> abort
>>> the connection.  Otherwise, don't.  RFC 1122.
>> Ok... however, aborting a connection seems somewhat a bit too harsh
>> congestion control to me :)
>
> Assuming you believe these are valid messages, those codes indicate  
> that
> the entity you want to talk to is not there or has gone away and isn't
> coming back.  The sender is required to terminate the connection  
> because
> the network has told it that the receiver cannot be reached and that
> further packets will not be delivered.  Sending any packets under  
> those
> conditions will just take up space until they're dropped.
I was actually joking about the term "congestion control". To me  
_congestion_ control is about how much to send and not whether to  
send at all. Of course, I understand that the latter is included in  
the former... in some way :)

>>> I wouldn't use ICMP reachability information in congestion control,
>>> and I don't believe that any standard requires an implementer to do
>>> so.
>>> If packets aren't being delivered, the sending endpoint(s) will slow
>>> down pretty dramatically, pretty quickly without intervention.  A
>>> retransmisson timeout puts the endpoint into slow start.
>> Yes. And that exactly what I am after. Don't you think that this a
>> bit to conservative? Especially if you consider exponential back-off.
>> I mean, if TCP retransmits after RTO and gets no reply, this
>> indicates severe congestion and back-off is fine. But if it gets an
>> ICMP unreachable message again, this might allow a less conservative
>> behavior?
>
> Huh?
>
> If TCP has gotten to the point where a retransmission timer has  
> gone off
> not only has the transmission of the packet to be retransmitted  
> failed,
> but enough other packets have been lost that the fast retransmit
> algorithm (3 dupacks) has also not happened (yes, the window needs to
> have grown to 4...).  In short, there's something very wrong with the
> communication between the endpoints, and drastic action is called for.
> Specifically, the sender acts as though the connection is almost new -
> window is as small as possible and the ssthresh is halved.
>
> Your text above sounds like you're saying that if a sender has  
> heard the
> network say that there's a connectivity problem between the sender and
> receiver (ICMP destination unreachable) the sender is entitled to  
> react
> less conservatively, even though all the evidence is that the link is
> congested.
 From my understanding the evidence is that just some link is (was)  
not working and that is not the same as a link is congested. Even,  
there is some slight indication that there is no congestion in the  
network (or at least the very part of it) as the ICMP message (as  
well as the segment eliciting the ICMP message) was not dropped and  
got to the TCP source.

> I don't understand that logic at all.  Even if you believe that the  
> ICMP
> messages indicate a transient condition and that the connection to the
> receiver will eventually be restored, the sender's best information is
> that something in the network is confused about how to the destination
> (ICMP unreachable) and that the receiver is unable to communicate with
> the sender (no ACKs for an RTO).  All evidence is that your packets  
> are
> doing no good and possible harm (congesting links over which they're
> being wrongly routed).
>
> Explain to me why ICMP messages indicating that your packets are not
> being delivered indicate you should not slow down.
I am not saying you shouldn't slow down. After RTO of course you  
should reset cwnd and halve ssthresh. I was just thinking of skipping  
(or delaying) doubling RTO if the retransmission after RTO does not  
simply vanish in the network but is  replied to with an ICMP (host/ 
net) unreachable message. This seems reasonable to me if my above  
finding is true.

>> Another thing is that RTO needs to expire to reach slow-start
>> recovery. If my understanding of RFC 1122 is correct, it's still
>> standard compliant to continue sending after having received the
>> first appropriate ICMP message. Maybe that's a bit too aggressive (as
>> opposed to slow-start recovery after an "ICMP induced" RTO).
>
> I believe your understanding of RFC 1122 is incorrect.  I don't  
> believe
> that receiving an ICMP message of any kind has any effect on the TCP
> congestion control algorithms whatsoever (other than aborting the
> connection in the case above).  ICMP messages are not part of a TCP
> connection, and receiving one does not count as receiveing a TCP
> packet, much less an ACK.  After all, an ICMP message may well be  
> coming
> from an intermediate gateway.
Maybe my paragraph above was not clear. I am not saying that RFC 1122  
suggests ICMP messages to have effect on cwnd. I am saying that from  
my understanding RFC 1122 allows  a TCP to continue sending segments  
after having received an ICMP host/net unreachable message. This  
seems to me as a waste of bandwidth as the arrival of the ICMP  
message just indicated that right now there is no route to the  
destination. Doesn't that sound reasonable? But maybe continuing  
sending makes sense together with some other RFC I am not aware of  
but someone else on the list.

> What text have I missed?

I don't know. How come you feel you missed some text??

Thanks again!
Daniel Schaffrath


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From: Daniel Schaffrath <daniel.schaffrath@mac.com>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] Congestion control in face of ICMP unreachable messages
Date: Wed, 12 Sep 2007 20:23:27 +0200
To: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
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On 2007/09/07  , at 16:13, Joe Touch wrote:
> Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>> On 2007/08/17  , at 18:41, Joe Touch wrote:
>>> AFAIK, congestion control response to in-band messages (ACKs) and
>>> timeouts (implied loss, as TCP interprets it), as well as to some  
>>> new
>>> fields (ECN, etc.) which are carried in the same packets.
>>>
>>> Reactions to external congestion signals - ICMP source quench  
>>> (which has
>>> been informally deprecated a while ago, but has not been  
>>> documented as
>>> such yet) or otherwise - would constitute another opportunity for  
>>> a DOS
>>> attack, and seem like a bad idea to encourage.
>>
>> I am note sure your security concerns really apply :) If the bad user
>> controls the forwarding node, there is no need to rely on ICMP  
>> message
>> to cause harm. Instead, just dropping random segments would do the  
>> job.
>> If the bad user is off the forwarding node, she would need (as usual)
>> guess port and sequence numbers.
>
> Only port numbers. Sequence numbers strictly don't matter for ICMPs.
But that is under way, if I am not mistaken (draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp- 
attacks-02). And Linux for instance already implements it...

>> If she is able to guess right, she
>> might as well opt to send forged ACK dupacks to cause harm, or for an
>> ECN capable transport just one ECE marked ACK.
>
> ICMPs don't need to come from the endpoint IP address, i.e., address
> verification will prevent spoofed ACKs, but cannot prevent ICMPs,  
> since
> the latter need not have spoofed source addresses.
Ok, but if a router is (potentially) able to check for spoofed IP  
source addresses it could as well check for spoofed/illegal ICMP  
payloads (which contain both IP addresses) . Isn't that true?

Apart from that: how common is it to drop spoofed datagrams? It's  
probably a idealistic assumption, isn't it?

[...]

Thank you,
Daniel Schaffrath




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Hi, Daniel,

Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>=20
> On 2007/09/07  , at 16:13, Joe Touch wrote:
>> Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>>> On 2007/08/17  , at 18:41, Joe Touch wrote:
>>>> AFAIK, congestion control response to in-band messages (ACKs) and
>>>> timeouts (implied loss, as TCP interprets it), as well as to some ne=
w
>>>> fields (ECN, etc.) which are carried in the same packets.
>>>>
>>>> Reactions to external congestion signals - ICMP source quench (which=

>>>> has
>>>> been informally deprecated a while ago, but has not been documented =
as
>>>> such yet) or otherwise - would constitute another opportunity for a =
DOS
>>>> attack, and seem like a bad idea to encourage.
>>>
>>> I am note sure your security concerns really apply :) If the bad user=

>>> controls the forwarding node, there is no need to rely on ICMP messag=
e
>>> to cause harm. Instead, just dropping random segments would do the jo=
b.
>>> If the bad user is off the forwarding node, she would need (as usual)=

>>> guess port and sequence numbers.
>>
>> Only port numbers. Sequence numbers strictly don't matter for ICMPs.
> But that is under way, if I am not mistaken
> (draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp-attacks-02). And Linux for instance already
> implements it...

I've already spoken about this at previous IETFs and on this list. The
basic summary:
- the network is under no obligation to respond with ICMPs within one RTT=

- as a result, checking to ensure that ICMPs are in-window is incorrect
as it will drop legitimate responses - or worse, interpret them as attack=
s

The fact that an I-D remains on this point and that Linux implements it
does not change the above.

>>> If she is able to guess right, she
>>> might as well opt to send forged ACK dupacks to cause harm, or for an=

>>> ECN capable transport just one ECE marked ACK.
>>
>> ICMPs don't need to come from the endpoint IP address, i.e., address
>> verification will prevent spoofed ACKs, but cannot prevent ICMPs, sinc=
e
>> the latter need not have spoofed source addresses.
>
> Ok, but if a router is (potentially) able to check for spoofed IP sourc=
e
> addresses it could as well check for spoofed/illegal ICMP payloads
> (which contain both IP addresses) . Isn't that true?

Routers can check for spoofed addresses as they enter protected regions
of the Internet; if there's a hole in that 'fence' however, packets can
leak in. Once in, they can't necessarily be checked for spoofed
addresses unless they're authenticated, and most are not.

> Apart from that: how common is it to drop spoofed datagrams? It's
> probably a idealistic assumption, isn't it?

In general, yes. You can't assume that spoofed packets are dropped.

Joe

--=20
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Joe Touch                Sr. Network Engineer, USAF TSAT Space Segment
               Postel Center Director & Research Assoc. Prof., USC/ISI


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Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>=20
> On 2007/09/07  , at 02:43, Ted Faber wrote:
>=20
>> Acting in no official capacity, I say:
> Sorry, I don't get this.

Ted is chair of the working group; he's taking that hat off in this
reply ;-)

=2E..
>> Assuming you believe these are valid messages, those codes indicate th=
at
>> the entity you want to talk to is not there or has gone away and isn't=

>> coming back.  The sender is required to terminate the connection becau=
se
>> the network has told it that the receiver cannot be reached and that
>> further packets will not be delivered.  Sending any packets under thos=
e
>> conditions will just take up space until they're dropped.
>
> I was actually joking about the term "congestion control". To me
> _congestion_ control is about how much to send and not whether to send
> at all. Of course, I understand that the latter is included in the
> former... in some way :)

Congestion is "packets that slows down or drops other packets".

Packets sent to unavailable ports may have nothing to do with congestion
- they don't have to compete for resources. It's not about relieving the
network from congestion - congestion control handles that.

A good example: UDP has no congestion control, but can generate ICMP
responses.

=2E..
>> Your text above sounds like you're saying that if a sender has heard t=
he
>> network say that there's a connectivity problem between the sender and=

>> receiver (ICMP destination unreachable) the sender is entitled to reac=
t
>> less conservatively, even though all the evidence is that the link is
>> congested.
>
> From my understanding the evidence is that just some link is (was) not
> working and that is not the same as a link is congested. Even, there is=

> some slight indication that there is no congestion in the network (or a=
t
> least the very part of it) as the ICMP message (as well as the segment
> eliciting the ICMP message) was not dropped and got to the TCP source.

The ICMP travels on the reverse path; there could be congestion in the
forward path.

=2E..
>> Explain to me why ICMP messages indicating that your packets are not
>> being delivered indicate you should not slow down.
>
> I am not saying you shouldn't slow down. After RTO of course you should=

> reset cwnd and halve ssthresh. I was just thinking of skipping (or
> delaying) doubling RTO if the retransmission after RTO does not simply
> vanish in the network but is  replied to with an ICMP (host/net)
> unreachable message. This seems reasonable to me if my above finding is=

> true.

Host/net unreachable means that you sent some packets along a path that
couldn't reach that host/net. That's not to say that other packets
wouldn't be delivered properly.

It's like hitting a roadblock on the way across town. It doesn't say the
endpoint is dead; that's why you don't give up, and also why you need
not change your congestion parameters. Finding a bad path could happen
by a routing transient - if you get these replies over a RTT, then maybe
you give up. Or two RTTs. That's why 1122 doesn't say to ignore these -
it says to use them as a hint. They're a hint that something can't be
reached - not that there's congestion.

=2E..
> Maybe my paragraph above was not clear. I am not saying that RFC 1122
> suggests ICMP messages to have effect on cwnd. I am saying that from my=

> understanding RFC 1122 allows  a TCP to continue sending segments after=

> having received an ICMP host/net unreachable message.=20

Correct.

> This seems to me
> as a waste of bandwidth as the arrival of the ICMP message just
> indicated that right now there is no route to the destination. Doesn't
> that sound reasonable? But maybe continuing sending makes sense togethe=
r
> with some other RFC I am not aware of but someone else on the list.

It's consistent within 1122. The message doesn't say there's congestion;
it says routing doesn't work for the packet you sent. It may be a waste
of bandwidth, but that's not the same as congestion - if you're actually
competing for resources others need, your data packet would have been
dropped and you wouldn't get an ICMP at all. Getting the ICMP
effectively says you are NOT experiencing congestion.

Joe

--=20
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Joe Touch                Sr. Network Engineer, USAF TSAT Space Segment
               Postel Center Director & Research Assoc. Prof., USC/ISI


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Thu Sep 13 20:01:34 2007
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From: Daniel Schaffrath <daniel.schaffrath@mac.com>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] Congestion control in face of ICMP unreachable messages
Date: Fri, 14 Sep 2007 02:01:00 +0200
To: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
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Thanks, Joe, for all the patience.

On 2007/09/13  , at 05:01, Joe Touch wrote:

> Hi, Daniel,
>
> Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>> On 2007/09/07  , at 16:13, Joe Touch wrote:
>>> Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>>>> On 2007/08/17  , at 18:41, Joe Touch wrote:
>>>>> AFAIK, congestion control response to in-band messages (ACKs) and
>>>>> timeouts (implied loss, as TCP interprets it), as well as to  
>>>>> some new
>>>>> fields (ECN, etc.) which are carried in the same packets.
>>>>>
>>>>> Reactions to external congestion signals - ICMP source quench  
>>>>> (which
>>>>> has
>>>>> been informally deprecated a while ago, but has not been  
>>>>> documented as
>>>>> such yet) or otherwise - would constitute another opportunity  
>>>>> for a DOS
>>>>> attack, and seem like a bad idea to encourage.
>>>>
>>>> I am note sure your security concerns really apply :) If the bad  
>>>> user
>>>> controls the forwarding node, there is no need to rely on ICMP  
>>>> message
>>>> to cause harm. Instead, just dropping random segments would do  
>>>> the job.
>>>> If the bad user is off the forwarding node, she would need (as  
>>>> usual)
>>>> guess port and sequence numbers.
>>>
>>> Only port numbers. Sequence numbers strictly don't matter for ICMPs.
>> But that is under way, if I am not mistaken
>> (draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp-attacks-02). And Linux for instance already
>> implements it...
>
> I've already spoken about this at previous IETFs and on this list.
Sorry. I am actually new to the matter...

> The basic summary:
> - the network is under no obligation to respond with ICMPs within  
> one RTT
That's a very valuable hint! And gives motivation why RFC 1122 after  
the receipt of an ICMP (host/net) unreachable message only requests  
to flag a "soft error" to the application allows continuing sending  
(simply because the issue about the unreachability might have changed  
in the meantime...) Correct?

Are there any other boundaries as RTT for ICMPs? Anyway, how come  
that there is the possibility of late ICMPs?


> - as a result, checking to ensure that ICMPs are in-window is  
> incorrect
> as it will drop legitimate responses - or worse, interpret them as  
> attacks
>
> The fact that an I-D remains on this point and that Linux  
> implements it
> does not change the above.
And how come that there is an I-D on dropping legitimate responses  
from the network?

Maybe one mitigation might be to relax the window check to accept a  
few older windows and not just the current one, thereby allowing  
proper handling of "late" ICMPs, but still filtering some malicious  
ICMPs . But as this is so obvious is has probably some (hidden)  
shortcoming (which I can't think of at the moment).


>>>> If she is able to guess right, she
>>>> might as well opt to send forged ACK dupacks to cause harm, or  
>>>> for an
>>>> ECN capable transport just one ECE marked ACK.
>>>
>>> ICMPs don't need to come from the endpoint IP address, i.e., address
>>> verification will prevent spoofed ACKs, but cannot prevent ICMPs,  
>>> since
>>> the latter need not have spoofed source addresses.
>>
>> Ok, but if a router is (potentially) able to check for spoofed IP  
>> source
>> addresses it could as well check for spoofed/illegal ICMP payloads
>> (which contain both IP addresses) . Isn't that true?
>
> Routers can check for spoofed addresses as they enter protected  
> regions
> of the Internet; if there's a hole in that 'fence' however, packets  
> can
> leak in. Once in, they can't necessarily be checked for spoofed
> addresses unless they're authenticated, and most are not.
But, again: isn't it true that if and only if for a given datagram a  
router is able to decide whether the source address of that datagram  
is spoofed, then that router could also decide (if that datagram  
contained an ICMP unreachable message) whether the source IP in the  
ICMP payload is spoofed or not (and act accordingly, i.e., drop it or  
not). So, overall there don't arise additional attack opportunities  
when there was some (to be defined) congestion control in face of  
ICMP (host/net) unreachable messages (which was my original claim).  
Sorry, maybe I am bit theoretical here, but I'd love to check if my  
understanding is correct.

[...]

Thanks again and thanks a lot!!
Daniel Schaffrath


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Thu Sep 13 20:01:57 2007
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From: Daniel Schaffrath <daniel.schaffrath@mac.com>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] Congestion control in face of ICMP unreachable messages
Date: Fri, 14 Sep 2007 02:01:22 +0200
To: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
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On 2007/09/13  , at 05:15, Joe Touch wrote:
> Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>> On 2007/09/07  , at 02:43, Ted Faber wrote:
>>> Acting in no official capacity, I say:
>> Sorry, I don't get this.
>
> Ted is chair of the working group; he's taking that hat off in this
> reply ;-)
I see. I still don't get why he feels there is some need to reply  
"unofficially". Because of "Huh?"..?

> ...
>>> Assuming you believe these are valid messages, those codes  
>>> indicate that
>>> the entity you want to talk to is not there or has gone away and  
>>> isn't
>>> coming back.  The sender is required to terminate the connection  
>>> because
>>> the network has told it that the receiver cannot be reached and that
>>> further packets will not be delivered.  Sending any packets under  
>>> those
>>> conditions will just take up space until they're dropped.
>>
>> I was actually joking about the term "congestion control". To me
>> _congestion_ control is about how much to send and not whether to  
>> send
>> at all. Of course, I understand that the latter is included in the
>> former... in some way :)
>
> Congestion is "packets that slows down or drops other packets".
>
> Packets sent to unavailable ports may have nothing to do with  
> congestion
> - they don't have to compete for resources. It's not about  
> relieving the
> network from congestion - congestion control handles that.
>
> A good example: UDP has no congestion control, but can generate ICMP
> responses.
>
> ...
>>> Your text above sounds like you're saying that if a sender has  
>>> heard the
>>> network say that there's a connectivity problem between the  
>>> sender and
>>> receiver (ICMP destination unreachable) the sender is entitled to  
>>> react
>>> less conservatively, even though all the evidence is that the  
>>> link is
>>> congested.
>>
>> From my understanding the evidence is that just some link is (was)  
>> not
>> working and that is not the same as a link is congested. Even,  
>> there is
>> some slight indication that there is no congestion in the network  
>> (or at
>> least the very part of it) as the ICMP message (as well as the  
>> segment
>> eliciting the ICMP message) was not dropped and got to the TCP  
>> source.
>
> The ICMP travels on the reverse path; there could be congestion in the
> forward path.
There could be congestion only in that part of the path which the  
datagram eliciting the ICMP message has not yet travelled through,  
though. Up to that node where the ICMP message is generated there as  
no congestion as the eliciting datagram was not dropped.

> ...
>>> Explain to me why ICMP messages indicating that your packets are not
>>> being delivered indicate you should not slow down.
>>
>> I am not saying you shouldn't slow down. After RTO of course you  
>> should
>> reset cwnd and halve ssthresh. I was just thinking of skipping (or
>> delaying) doubling RTO if the retransmission after RTO does not  
>> simply
>> vanish in the network but is  replied to with an ICMP (host/net)
>> unreachable message. This seems reasonable to me if my above  
>> finding is
>> true.
>
> Host/net unreachable means that you sent some packets along a path  
> that
> couldn't reach that host/net. That's not to say that other packets
> wouldn't be delivered properly.
You mean other packet to be packets to another destination? Not other  
packet to the same destination (but from a different connection)?

> It's like hitting a roadblock on the way across town. It doesn't  
> say the
> endpoint is dead; that's why you don't give up, and also why you need
> not change your congestion parameters. Finding a bad path could happen
> by a routing transient - if you get these replies over a RTT, then  
> maybe
> you give up. Or two RTTs. That's why 1122 doesn't say to ignore  
> these -
> it says to use them as a hint. They're a hint that something can't be
> reached - not that there's congestion.
Yes. That is exactly my understanding. But as you (kindly) explain to  
me exactly my understanding I am really desperate what from my above  
writing could make you think that I have a different understanding. I  
am just talking about what to do if after a RTO exceeded the  
retransmission is replied to with an ICMP (host/net) unreachable  
message instead of no reply at all (indicating true congestion). (As  
I feel we have agreed upon) RFCs say to back-off exponentially in  
that case. Whereas I feel skipping further back-off might be non- 
contraproductive  (BUT performance enhancing as it allow faster  
recovery!) as there is no evidence of congestion in the network (at  
least not for the very part of the path which is involved of the  
delivery of the ICMP unreachable message... if there is congestion in  
the rest of the path, it would be immediately discovered after the  
faster recovery).

> ...
>> Maybe my paragraph above was not clear. I am not saying that RFC 1122
>> suggests ICMP messages to have effect on cwnd. I am saying that  
>> from my
>> understanding RFC 1122 allows  a TCP to continue sending segments  
>> after
>> having received an ICMP host/net unreachable message.
>
> Correct.
>
>> This seems to me
>> as a waste of bandwidth as the arrival of the ICMP message just
>> indicated that right now there is no route to the destination.  
>> Doesn't
>> that sound reasonable? But maybe continuing sending makes sense  
>> together
>> with some other RFC I am not aware of but someone else on the list.
>
> It's consistent within 1122. The message doesn't say there's  
> congestion;
Yes!

> it says routing doesn't work for the packet you sent. It may be a  
> waste
> of bandwidth, but that's not the same as congestion - if you're  
> actually
> competing for resources others need, your data packet would have been
> dropped and you wouldn't get an ICMP at all.
I really don't get this. With the same argument I could justify that  
a hacked/modified TCP (which for instance increases cwnd by two  
(instead of one) MSS for each ACK in slow-start) is just fine...

Really, you don't want waste of bandwidth, do you? Of course,  
considering the hint you gave in the other email about late ICMP,  
it's no necessarily a waste, as in case of late ICMPs the issue might  
already have been resolved in the meantime.

> Getting the ICMP
> effectively says you are NOT experiencing congestion.
>
> Joe

Thank you once again,
Daniel


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From: Ted Faber <faber@ISI.EDU>
To: Daniel Schaffrath <daniel.schaffrath@mac.com>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] Congestion control in face of ICMP unreachable messages
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On Wed, Sep 12, 2007 at 08:23:32PM +0200, Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>=20
> On 2007/09/07  , at 02:43, Ted Faber wrote:
>=20
> >Acting in no official capacity, I say:
> Sorry, I don't get this.

I'm one of the co-chairs of the TCPM working group.  I'm just having a
public conversation with you and neither you nor observers of this public
conversation should take it as being an official position of this august
WG.

Because tempers fray and IETF participants are somewhat averse to people
throwing their weight around, those of us who don't want to have those
kinds of arguments try to be specific about when we're speaking ex
cathedra. :-)


> >If TCP has gotten to the point where a retransmission timer has =20
> >gone off
> >not only has the transmission of the packet to be retransmitted =20
> >failed,
> >but enough other packets have been lost that the fast retransmit
> >algorithm (3 dupacks) has also not happened (yes, the window needs to
> >have grown to 4...).  In short, there's something very wrong with the
> >communication between the endpoints, and drastic action is called for.
> >Specifically, the sender acts as though the connection is almost new -
> >window is as small as possible and the ssthresh is halved.
> >
> >Your text above sounds like you're saying that if a sender has =20
> >heard the
> >network say that there's a connectivity problem between the sender and
> >receiver (ICMP destination unreachable) the sender is entitled to =20
> >react
> >less conservatively, even though all the evidence is that the link is
> >congested.
> From my understanding the evidence is that just some link is (was) =20
> not working and that is not the same as a link is congested. Even, =20
> there is some slight indication that there is no congestion in the =20
> network (or at least the very part of it) as the ICMP message (as =20
> well as the segment eliciting the ICMP message) was not dropped and =20
> got to the TCP source.

So, the TCP stack really just knows that packets are not being
acknowledged, and the current design interprets that as congestion.
That's a conservative approach, and one people can and do argue about.
If you'd like to argue about that interpretation of loss, the end-to-end
mailing list might be a better place to do so.  I mean we'll talk about
it, too, but I think of it as a bigger picture issue.

Still and all, one could say that the ICMPs count as extra evidence that
a connection isn't congested but confused and should be treated
differently.  I'd recommend against treating them this way because:

	* ICMP operates on a different timescale than TCP.  It may take
	  a router longer to decide that there's a host unreachable
	  situation than the TCP stack would.  It may also take a router
	  longer to detect the opposite.
	* They're really easy to spoof.

I don't think you gain very much, either.  If your application believes
that the connection has stuttered - a route flap or something - the
easiest way to fix it may be to reconnect.  I'll bet you do this a
couple times a day with your browser.  Hitting reload on a slow loading
page does exactly this.  Other applications may value continuity of
connection more.

I think that kind of semantics - whether it's better for my application
to retry or to stick it out on a slow connection - is known by the app
and shouldn't be encoded in the transport.  I realize that not going
into exponential backoff is a pretty small case of a change in
semantics, but it complicates things and it's not intuitive to me that
it's worth the cost.

> >Explain to me why ICMP messages indicating that your packets are not
> >being delivered indicate you should not slow down.
>
> I am not saying you shouldn't slow down. After RTO of course you =20
> should reset cwnd and halve ssthresh. I was just thinking of skipping =20
> (or delaying) doubling RTO if the retransmission after RTO does not =20
> simply vanish in the network but is  replied to with an ICMP (host/=20
> net) unreachable message. This seems reasonable to me if my above =20
> finding is true.

I think its extra complexity for minimal gain.

But, I haven't done anything to validate that opinion.  Do you have some
evidence either way?

>=20
> >>Another thing is that RTO needs to expire to reach slow-start
> >>recovery. If my understanding of RFC 1122 is correct, it's still
> >>standard compliant to continue sending after having received the
> >>first appropriate ICMP message. Maybe that's a bit too aggressive (as
> >>opposed to slow-start recovery after an "ICMP induced" RTO).
> >
> >I believe your understanding of RFC 1122 is incorrect.  I don't =20
> >believe
> >that receiving an ICMP message of any kind has any effect on the TCP
> >congestion control algorithms whatsoever (other than aborting the
> >connection in the case above).  ICMP messages are not part of a TCP
> >connection, and receiving one does not count as receiveing a TCP
> >packet, much less an ACK.  After all, an ICMP message may well be =20
> >coming
> >from an intermediate gateway.
> Maybe my paragraph above was not clear. I am not saying that RFC 1122 =20
> suggests ICMP messages to have effect on cwnd. I am saying that from =20
> my understanding RFC 1122 allows  a TCP to continue sending segments =20
> after having received an ICMP host/net unreachable message. This =20
> seems to me as a waste of bandwidth as the arrival of the ICMP =20
> message just indicated that right now there is no route to the =20
> destination. Doesn't that sound reasonable? But maybe continuing =20
> sending makes sense together with some other RFC I am not aware of =20
> but someone else on the list.

I think I was unclear.  There are several kinds of destination
unreachable ICMP messages - subtypes of the message.  RFCs 792 and 1122
list them.  There are a set of them that indicate that any transport,
including TCP, that get one have to shutdown the connection.  If a host
gets a destination unreachable message of the subtype "protocol
unreachable" the host MUST abort the connection that caused it.  That
message indicates a long term error.  If the destination unreachable
message indicates an error that may not be so long term, the connection
should continue to transmit, and if the transport decides to terminate
the connection (e.g. a TCP timeout) it should report the ICMP error as
well.

That second choice is there because the subtypes in question could be
caused by a single misrouted packet or something and are not strong
evidence that the connection is impossible.

Make sense?

--=20
Ted Faber
http://www.isi.edu/~faber           PGP: http://www.isi.edu/~faber/pubkeys.=
asc
Unexpected attachment on this mail? See http://www.isi.edu/~faber/FAQ.html#=
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Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
=2E..
>> The basic summary:
>> - the network is under no obligation to respond with ICMPs within one =
RTT
> That's a very valuable hint! And gives motivation why RFC 1122 after th=
e
> receipt of an ICMP (host/net) unreachable message only requests to flag=

> a "soft error" to the application allows continuing sending (simply
> because the issue about the unreachability might have changed in the
> meantime...) Correct?

Basically. It's an indication that a packet hit a roadblock, but not
that the roadblock is essentially permanent. That happens only at the
destination (i.e., if the destination is gone, then game's over).

> Are there any other boundaries as RTT for ICMPs?=20

None per se.

> Anyway, how come that
> there is the possibility of late ICMPs?

Routers respond with ICMPs only when they have cycles - otherwise, they
could go into overload giving feedback. That's in RFC1812.

>> - as a result, checking to ensure that ICMPs are in-window is incorrec=
t
>> as it will drop legitimate responses - or worse, interpret them as
>> attacks
>>
>> The fact that an I-D remains on this point and that Linux implements i=
t
>> does not change the above.
> And how come that there is an I-D on dropping legitimate responses from=

> the network?
>=20
> Maybe one mitigation might be to relax the window check to accept a few=

> older windows and not just the current one, thereby allowing proper
> handling of "late" ICMPs, but still filtering some malicious ICMPs . Bu=
t
> as this is so obvious is has probably some (hidden) shortcoming (which =
I
> can't think of at the moment).

Once the window wraps all windows look the same. At that point, there's
nothing useful to check.

>>>>> If she is able to guess right, she
>>>>> might as well opt to send forged ACK dupacks to cause harm, or for =
an
>>>>> ECN capable transport just one ECE marked ACK.
>>>>
>>>> ICMPs don't need to come from the endpoint IP address, i.e., address=

>>>> verification will prevent spoofed ACKs, but cannot prevent ICMPs, si=
nce
>>>> the latter need not have spoofed source addresses.
>>>
>>> Ok, but if a router is (potentially) able to check for spoofed IP sou=
rce
>>> addresses it could as well check for spoofed/illegal ICMP payloads
>>> (which contain both IP addresses) . Isn't that true?
>>
>> Routers can check for spoofed addresses as they enter protected region=
s
>> of the Internet; if there's a hole in that 'fence' however, packets ca=
n
>> leak in. Once in, they can't necessarily be checked for spoofed
>> addresses unless they're authenticated, and most are not.
> But, again: isn't it true that if and only if for a given datagram a
> router is able to decide whether the source address of that datagram is=

> spoofed, then that router could also decide (if that datagram contained=

> an ICMP unreachable message) whether the source IP in the ICMP payload
> is spoofed or not (and act accordingly, i.e., drop it or not).

Not true. IP addresses are checked two ways - with explicit
authentication (which we're not talking about; that involves IPsec,
e.g.) or by verifying which port they arrive on (and which router they
arrive from). Let's focus on that second part.

Let's say that IP address X must come in on port 3 from router Q. ICMPs
that report IP address X incorrect can come in on any port, from any
router. There's no rule that ICMPs must be routed the same way as the IP
packets they report on. The ICMP has a different source IP address, so
it could easily be routed via other paths.

> So,
> overall there don't arise additional attack opportunities when there wa=
s
> some (to be defined) congestion control in face of ICMP (host/net)
> unreachable messages (which was my original claim).

I think there do, because of the above...

Joe

--=20
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Joe Touch                Sr. Network Engineer, USAF TSAT Space Segment
               Postel Center Director & Research Assoc. Prof., USC/ISI


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Hi, Daniel, et al.,

Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>> ...
>>>> Your text above sounds like you're saying that if a sender has heard=

>>>> the
>>>> network say that there's a connectivity problem between the sender a=
nd
>>>> receiver (ICMP destination unreachable) the sender is entitled to re=
act
>>>> less conservatively, even though all the evidence is that the link i=
s
>>>> congested.
>>>
>>> From my understanding the evidence is that just some link is (was) no=
t
>>> working and that is not the same as a link is congested. Even, there =
is
>>> some slight indication that there is no congestion in the network (or=
 at
>>> least the very part of it) as the ICMP message (as well as the segmen=
t
>>> eliciting the ICMP message) was not dropped and got to the TCP source=
=2E
>>
>> The ICMP travels on the reverse path; there could be congestion in the=

>> forward path.
>
> There could be congestion only in that part of the path which the
> datagram eliciting the ICMP message has not yet travelled through,
> though.

Correct, but that's not relevant. Getting an ICMP message tells you a
single packet got to a certain point in the path; it doesn't say that
other packets didn't get dropped. It's not an indication of "no
congestion", as a result.

> Up to that node where the ICMP message is generated there as no
> congestion as the eliciting datagram was not dropped.

"No congestion" for that packet. Unless you get an ICMP for every packet
you sent, you can't assume that you have no congestion. However, since
routers are supposed to not send ICMPs that frequently (see RFC1812),
only a fraction of packets that arrive at a router would generate an
ICMP reply (even if all 'should').

=2E..
>> Host/net unreachable means that you sent some packets along a path tha=
t
>> couldn't reach that host/net. That's not to say that other packets
>> wouldn't be delivered properly.
>
> You mean other packet to be packets to another destination? Not other
> packet to the same destination (but from a different connection)?

Packets to the same destination from the same connection could go on a
different path and be delivered properly. The Internet makes no
guarantee that all packets travel the same path all the time, even
within a single flow.

>> It's like hitting a roadblock on the way across town. It doesn't say t=
he
>> endpoint is dead; that's why you don't give up, and also why you need
>> not change your congestion parameters. Finding a bad path could happen=

>> by a routing transient - if you get these replies over a RTT, then may=
be
>> you give up. Or two RTTs. That's why 1122 doesn't say to ignore these =
-
>> it says to use them as a hint. They're a hint that something can't be
>> reached - not that there's congestion.
>
> Yes. That is exactly my understanding. But as you (kindly) explain to m=
e
> exactly my understanding I am really desperate what from my above
> writing could make you think that I have a different understanding. I a=
m
> just talking about what to do if after a RTO exceeded the retransmissio=
n
> is replied to with an ICMP (host/net) unreachable message instead of no=

> reply at all (indicating true congestion).

An ICMP host/net unreachable doesn't indicate "no congestion", so
there's no reason to act differently when you get an individual such
message. If you get repeated such messages, the network is saying that
it can't find a way around a roadblock - presuming, however, that the
connection isn't making any progress. If it is, all you know is that
some of the multiple paths are broken. None of this has anything to do
with congstion, though.

> (As I feel we have agreed
> upon) RFCs say to back-off exponentially in that case.

For true congestion.

> Whereas I feel
> skipping further back-off might be non-contraproductive  (BUT
> performance enhancing as it allow faster recovery!) as there is no
> evidence of congestion in the network (at least not for the very part o=
f
> the path which is involved of the delivery of the ICMP unreachable
> message... if there is congestion in the rest of the path, it would be
> immediately discovered after the faster recovery).

See above.

>> ...
>>> Maybe my paragraph above was not clear. I am not saying that RFC 1122=

>>> suggests ICMP messages to have effect on cwnd. I am saying that from =
my
>>> understanding RFC 1122 allows  a TCP to continue sending segments aft=
er
>>> having received an ICMP host/net unreachable message.
>>
>> Correct.
>>
>>> This seems to me
>>> as a waste of bandwidth as the arrival of the ICMP message just
>>> indicated that right now there is no route to the destination. Doesn'=
t
>>> that sound reasonable? But maybe continuing sending makes sense toget=
her
>>> with some other RFC I am not aware of but someone else on the list.
>>
>> It's consistent within 1122. The message doesn't say there's congestio=
n;
> Yes!

It doesn't say there's no congestion either. It doesn't need to say one
or the other!

>> it says routing doesn't work for the packet you sent. It may be a wast=
e
>> of bandwidth, but that's not the same as congestion - if you're actual=
ly
>> competing for resources others need, your data packet would have been
>> dropped and you wouldn't get an ICMP at all.
>
> I really don't get this. With the same argument I could justify that a
> hacked/modified TCP (which for instance increases cwnd by two (instead
> of one) MSS for each ACK in slow-start) is just fine...

That's violating other principles of TCP. Why is that justified because
of this?

> Really, you don't want waste of bandwidth, do you?

The Internet wastes bandwidth all the time. TCP probes waste bandwidth,
e.g. What we want to reduce is bandwidth that is wasted that could be
used for other connections - that's congestion. Sending packets when
there *might* be a roadblock (which is what a single ICMP host/net
unreachable means) isn't wasteful; it's needed for discovery of
alternate paths.

Joe

--=20
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Joe Touch                Sr. Network Engineer, USAF TSAT Space Segment
               Postel Center Director & Research Assoc. Prof., USC/ISI


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Tue Sep 18 17:39:24 2007
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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
To: "'tsvwg WG'" <tsvwg@ietf.org>
References: <CE913D4A-891C-4537-9467-D74B0982F587@nokia.com>
Subject: RE: [tcpm] consensus call: draft-larsen-tsvwg-port-randomization to
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I support this document becoming a TSVWG working group item.  

During its transition to such, I would like the authors to more clearly extend
the document's applicability to non-TCP protocols with port numbers.
Specifically, the document should include "UDP", "DCCP", and "SCTP" (as well
as TCP) in its introduction (and perhaps also in its abstract) so that anyone
developing or writing host requirements for those protocols will have a better
chance of finding this specification when working on those protocols.

-d

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Lars Eggert [mailto:lars.eggert@nokia.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, September 12, 2007 8:39 AM
> To: tsvwg WG
> Cc: tcpm@ietf.org; 
> draft-larsen-tsvwg-port-randomization@tools.ietf.org; DCCP 
> mailing list
> Subject: [tcpm] consensus call: 
> draft-larsen-tsvwg-port-randomization to WGitem
> 
> Hi,
> 
> regarding http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-larsen-tsvwg-port- 
> randomization, there was quite a bit of discussion around this draft  
> during the summer. My personal take is that I saw more positive than  
> negative comments, but I'd like to confirm this.
> 
> I'd hence like to start a consensus call on whether we want to take  
> this document to be the basis for a standards-track work item in  
> TSVWG that will recommend a randomization scheme for operating  
> systems allocation of source ports. Because this scheme will cover  
> all our transport protocols, I'm CC'ing the DCCP and TCPM working  
> groups. This consensus call will run for two weeks, until 
> September 28.
> 
> Please comment on the tsvwg@ietf.org list (reply-to set 
> accordingly),  
> even if you have already commented be on this draft in the past.
> 
> To make it easy for your chairs, please start your email by choosing  
> ONE of the options below, followed by any detailed comments you'd  
> like to make:
> 
>    (1) TSVWG should take on this work item, with this 
> document as the  
> basis
>    (2) TSVWG should take on this work item, but NOT with this  
> document as the basis
>    (3) TSVWG should NOT take on this work item
>    (4) don't care
> 
> Thanks,
> Lars
> 

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I've seen two (positive) comments so far. Please comment.

On 2007-9-12, at 18:38, ext Lars Eggert wrote:
> regarding http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-larsen-tsvwg-port- 
> randomization, there was quite a bit of discussion around this  
> draft during the summer. My personal take is that I saw more  
> positive than negative comments, but I'd like to confirm this.
>
> I'd hence like to start a consensus call on whether we want to take  
> this document to be the basis for a standards-track work item in  
> TSVWG that will recommend a randomization scheme for operating  
> systems allocation of source ports. Because this scheme will cover  
> all our transport protocols, I'm CC'ing the DCCP and TCPM working  
> groups. This consensus call will run for two weeks, until September  
> 28.
>
> Please comment on the tsvwg@ietf.org list (reply-to set  
> accordingly), even if you have already commented be on this draft  
> in the past.
>
> To make it easy for your chairs, please start your email by  
> choosing ONE of the options below, followed by any detailed  
> comments you'd like to make:
>
>   (1) TSVWG should take on this work item, with this document as  
> the basis
>   (2) TSVWG should take on this work item, but NOT with this  
> document as the basis
>   (3) TSVWG should NOT take on this work item
>   (4) don't care
>
> Thanks,
> Lars


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Thu Sep 20 15:23:59 2007
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From: Daniel Schaffrath <daniel.schaffrath@mac.com>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] Congestion control in face of ICMP unreachable messages
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2007 21:21:14 +0200
To: Ted Faber <faber@ISI.EDU>
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On 2007/09/14  , at 02:53, Ted Faber wrote:
> On Wed, Sep 12, 2007 at 08:23:32PM +0200, Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>> On 2007/09/07  , at 02:43, Ted Faber wrote:
[...]
>>> If TCP has gotten to the point where a retransmission timer has
>>> gone off
>>> not only has the transmission of the packet to be retransmitted
>>> failed,
>>> but enough other packets have been lost that the fast retransmit
>>> algorithm (3 dupacks) has also not happened (yes, the window  
>>> needs to
>>> have grown to 4...).  In short, there's something very wrong with  
>>> the
>>> communication between the endpoints, and drastic action is called  
>>> for.
>>> Specifically, the sender acts as though the connection is almost  
>>> new -
>>> window is as small as possible and the ssthresh is halved.
>>>
>>> Your text above sounds like you're saying that if a sender has
>>> heard the
>>> network say that there's a connectivity problem between the  
>>> sender and
>>> receiver (ICMP destination unreachable) the sender is entitled to
>>> react
>>> less conservatively, even though all the evidence is that the  
>>> link is
>>> congested.
>> From my understanding the evidence is that just some link is (was)
>> not working and that is not the same as a link is congested. Even,
>> there is some slight indication that there is no congestion in the
>> network (or at least the very part of it) as the ICMP message (as
>> well as the segment eliciting the ICMP message) was not dropped and
>> got to the TCP source.
>
> So, the TCP stack really just knows that packets are not being
> acknowledged, and the current design interprets that as congestion.
> That's a conservative approach, and one people can and do argue about.
> If you'd like to argue about that interpretation of loss, the end- 
> to-end
> mailing list might be a better place to do so.  I mean we'll talk  
> about
> it, too, but I think of it as a bigger picture issue.
I am subscribed to it. My impression is that the (active) audience is  
quite is same as on this list... and they all are "holistics" ;)

> Still and all, one could say that the ICMPs count as extra evidence  
> that
> a connection isn't congested but confused and should be treated
> differently.  I'd recommend against treating them this way because:
>
> 	* ICMP operates on a different timescale than TCP.  It may take
> 	  a router longer to decide that there's a host unreachable
> 	  situation than the TCP stack would.  It may also take a router
> 	  longer to detect the opposite.
In my (naive?) understanding they not necessarily operate on a  
different timescale. For instance, it may take a router some time to  
execute an ARP request which may fail and then it would send a late  
ICMP (for the initial early segment, the later one got queued, then  
dropped). But if for whatever reason a port is disconnected (and by  
this a whole (sub-)net vanishes from the routing table) the router  
might be able to immediately (within an RTT) decide to send an ICMP.  
In either case the TCP source can decide about the timescale an  
arriving ICMP operates on (by looking at the sequence numbers  
therein). Of course, provided all involved nodes being non-malicious.

> 	* They're really easy to spoof.
I got that in the meantime from Jon explanation. And how come, if  
they are really that easy to spoof, that for ICMP port/proto/etc.  
unreachable messages RFC 1122 asks to drop the connection? Isn't that  
a very easy attack then. btw: I just noticed while browsing the Linux  
source that Linux treats port/proto/net/host unreachable messages all  
the same, i.e., flag an error on the socket and that's it.

Anyways: if ICMP were used to skip doubling RTO an attacker cannot  
make a TCP source to flood the network by this.

> I don't think you gain very much, either.  If your application  
> believes
> that the connection has stuttered - a route flap or something - the
> easiest way to fix it may be to reconnect.  I'll bet you do this a
> couple times a day with your browser.  Hitting reload on a slow  
> loading
> page does exactly this.  Other applications may value continuity of
> connection more.
I exhibit exactly this behavior. And I don't like it. I'd like the  
network to solve these issues for me... :)

[...]

>>> Explain to me why ICMP messages indicating that your packets are not
>>> being delivered indicate you should not slow down.
>>
>> I am not saying you shouldn't slow down. After RTO of course you
>> should reset cwnd and halve ssthresh. I was just thinking of skipping
>> (or delaying) doubling RTO if the retransmission after RTO does not
>> simply vanish in the network but is  replied to with an ICMP (host/
>> net) unreachable message. This seems reasonable to me if my above
>> finding is true.
>
> I think its extra complexity for minimal gain.
> But, I haven't done anything to validate that opinion.  Do you have  
> some
> evidence either way?

Complexity seems to be almost a dysphemism to me here. The gain is  
obviously a much faster restarting connection. And it's  
extraordinary... given an adequate scenario which is of course not  
the usual dial-up leafnode to the wired Internet but for instance a  
node which is part of a subnet managed by olsrd (causing route  
interruptions and the like).

The question is if there is some rationale for this behavior.  
Actually, I was thinking there was (ICMP reply for single slow-start  
recovery retransmit indicating no congestion for the first few hops  
at least). But in the meantime I found that for zero window probing  
(which is comparable to "roadblock" probing) RFC 1122 in 4.2.2.17  
recommends  exponentiell back-off as well. Whereas I understand  that  
exponentiell back-off is necessary for the _network_ to recover from  
severe congestion, I don't understand why exponentiell back-off is  
recommended for recovering from zero windows (which is more or less  
_application_ congestion). Of course, for zero window probes which  
are not ACKed back-off is essentiel. There is a DISCUSSION paragraph  
in 4.2.2.17 which is unfortunately not clear to me. It might be  
understood as if exponentiell back-off allows fast recovery from a  
zero window condition, although (from my understanding) it does  
exactly the opposite. Of course, it may all boil down to defining  
words, i.e., exponentiell back-off being fast by definition as  
complexity theory knows off much worse growth. But "traditionally"  
exponentiell is not fast.

Maybe you have further pointers?

Thank you,
Daniel Schaffrath





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Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>=20
=2E..
>>     * ICMP operates on a different timescale than TCP.  It may take
>>       a router longer to decide that there's a host unreachable
>>       situation than the TCP stack would.  It may also take a router
>>       longer to detect the opposite.
> In my (naive?) understanding they not necessarily operate on a differen=
t
> timescale. For instance, it may take a router some time to execute an
> ARP request which may fail and then it would send a late ICMP (for the
> initial early segment, the later one got queued, then dropped). But if
> for whatever reason a port is disconnected (and by this a whole
> (sub-)net vanishes from the routing table) the router might be able to
> immediately (within an RTT) decide to send an ICMP. In either case the
> TCP source can decide about the timescale an arriving ICMP operates on
> (by looking at the sequence numbers therein).=20

If the sequence numbers wrap, it can't tell much. Nothing guarantees
that ICMPs are generated before such wrap occurs - even assuming benign
behavior.

=2E..
>> I don't think you gain very much, either.  If your application believe=
s
>> that the connection has stuttered - a route flap or something - the
>> easiest way to fix it may be to reconnect.  I'll bet you do this a
>> couple times a day with your browser.  Hitting reload on a slow loadin=
g
>> page does exactly this.  Other applications may value continuity of
>> connection more.
> I exhibit exactly this behavior. And I don't like it. I'd like the
> network to solve these issues for me... :)

A "best effort" network doesn't provide that service. You may want a
circuit-oriented system.

Joe

--=20
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Joe Touch                Sr. Network Engineer, USAF TSAT Space Segment
               Postel Center Director & Research Assoc. Prof., USC/ISI


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Mon Sep 24 13:42:31 2007
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Folks-

Attached is a short implementation report to send to the IESG when the
WG is ready to forward 2581bis for publication as a draft standard.
Please take a look at it and let me know if you have anything to add
and/or have heartburn with anything in the writeup.

(I am just floating this by the WG for opinions.  Clearly we need to do
a WGLC on the document itself before anything is forwarded over to the
IESG.) 

Thanks,
allman



 

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Background:

  + RFC 2581 is a re-write of RFC 2001.  RFC 2001 was a description
    of TCP's congestion control algorithms that was published long
    after these algorithms were in nearly ubiquitous deployment
    throughout the Internet (largely triggered by the congestion
    collapses of the mid-1980s).

  + While RFC 2001 was a description of the algorithms, RFC 2581 is
    a more traditional specification.  We stress that the RFC was
    written based on running code and experience.

  + The mechanisms in RFC 3042 (Limited Transmit) and RFC 3390
    (Larger Initial Congestion Window) are also rolled into the
    current document.  Both of these enhancements are Proposed
    Standards that have gathered wide consensus within the community
    based on deployment experience.

  + The traditional test of two interoperable implementations to
    move a Proposed Standard to Draft Standard is less obvious in
    the case of congestion control mechanisms.  Congestion control
    is about *when* to send a segment and not *what* that segment
    looks like, how to process it, how big fields are, etc.
    Therefore, it is difficult to assess "interoperability" in the
    traditional sense.  Below we cite several sources that show or
    suggest that multiple implementations of the mechanisms exist
    and seem to work as intended.

  + The new version of the document clarifies a number of small
    issues that implementers have asked about over the years, but
    does not make any large changes to the algorithms.

Known Implementations:

  + [WS95] discusses the BSD implementation of the core algorithms
    in RFC 2581 (slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit
    and fast recovery).  This implementation has formed the basis of
    the TCP stack in numerous operating systems (NetBSD, FreeBSD,
    OpenBSD, SunOS 4.x, BSDI, etc.).  While various operating
    systems may have diverged in small details (some of which is
    documented in RFC 2581) the basic algorithms do not seem to have
    changed.

  + [Pax97] analyzes a number of implementations, finding both
    correct and incorrect behavior relative to RFC 2581 across a
    variety of implementations.  The incorrect behavior fed into
    [RFC2525].

  + [MAF05] tests for conformance along a number of angles by
    probing the TCPs of over 70K web servers with specialized packet
    streams that induce the stack to show how it handles various
    situations. The results include:

      + The vast majority of server reduce their congestion window
        by half in response to congestion (per RFC 2581's congestion
        avoidance).

      + The majority of the web servers used an initial congestion
        window of 1--2 packets.

      + Limited Transmit was used in over 20% of the servers.

      + While some servers do not use fast retransmit the
        overwhelming majority implement it.

      + Many web servers use the fast recovery algorithm (with a
        number using more advanced recovery such as NewReno
        [RFC3782] or SACK-based loss recovery techniques
        [RFC2018,RFC3517].

    (Note that [MAF05] updates some of the results of [PF01].  The
    newer results confirm the older results.)

References:

  [MAF05] Alberto Medina, Mark Allman, Sally Floyd.  Measuring the
    Evolution of Transport Protocols in the Internet.  ACM Computer
    Communication Review, 35(2), April 2005.

  [Pax97] Vern Paxson.  Automated Packet Trace Analysis of TCP
    Implementations.  ACM SIGCOMM, September 1997.

  [PF01] Jitu Padhye, Sally Floyd.  Identifying the TCP Behavior of
  Web Servers, SIGCOMM 2001, August 2001. 

  [WS95] Wright, G. and W. Stevens, "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2: The
    Implementation", Addison-Wesley, 1995.

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From: Mark Allman <mallman@icir.org>
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Subject: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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Folks-

The seeming last issue with the tcpsecure document is how strong to
recommend the various mitigations.  To review, there are three
mitigations for RST, SYN and data injection attacks.  The question is
whether to say that a TCP (1) MAY use all these mitigations, (2) SHOULD
use all these mitigations or (3) SHOULD use the mitigations for the RST
& SYN attacks and MAY use the data injection mitigation.  Clearly there
are other permutations (and one could also bring MUST and MUST NOT into
the conversation), however these three options have been voiced.  If you
have some other permutation then voice it.

In the meeting in Chicago we took a "visual hum" and the tally looks
like this:

      all SHOULDs: 4
      all MAYs: 3
      two SHOULDs and a MAY: 8

So, our inclination is to go with option (3) from my list above.  If you
think this is the wrong way to go please yell---especially if you are
not reflected in the 15 folks who took part in the visual hum.

Thanks,
allman




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From: Ted Faber <faber@ISI.EDU>
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On Thu, Sep 20, 2007 at 09:21:14PM +0200, Daniel Schaffrath wrote:
>=20
> On 2007/09/14  , at 02:53, Ted Faber wrote:
> >	* ICMP operates on a different timescale than TCP.  It may take
> >	  a router longer to decide that there's a host unreachable
> >	  situation than the TCP stack would.  It may also take a router
> >	  longer to detect the opposite.
> In my (naive?) understanding they not necessarily operate on a =20
> different timescale. For instance, it may take a router some time to =20
> execute an ARP request which may fail and then it would send a late =20
> ICMP (for the initial early segment, the later one got queued, then =20
> dropped). But if for whatever reason a port is disconnected (and by =20
> this a whole (sub-)net vanishes from the routing table) the router =20
> might be able to immediately (within an RTT) decide to send an ICMP. =20
> In either case the TCP source can decide about the timescale an =20
> arriving ICMP operates on (by looking at the sequence numbers =20
> therein). Of course, provided all involved nodes being non-malicious.

Yeah, but that seems like a long run for a short slide to me, as a
private individual.  It might help in very simple cases, but there are a
couple "might"s in there and a TCP endpoint making a decision about an
ICMP packet based on matching sequence numbers.  Practically this seems
to be making TCP more brittle to deal with a pretty uncommon case.

>=20
> >	* They're really easy to spoof.
> I got that in the meantime from Jon explanation. And how come, if =20
> they are really that easy to spoof, that for ICMP port/proto/etc. =20
> unreachable messages RFC 1122 asks to drop the connection? Isn't that =20
> a very easy attack then. btw: I just noticed while browsing the Linux =20
> source that Linux treats port/proto/net/host unreachable messages all =20
> the same, i.e., flag an error on the socket and that's it.

Have you seen:

ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp-atta=
cks-02.txt

Fernando and this group are looking at these issues.  Perhaps your ideas
can be combined with that document?

>=20
> Anyways: if ICMP were used to skip doubling RTO an attacker cannot =20
> make a TCP source to flood the network by this.

I don't think any of that is an obvious mechanism to cause a DoS attack.

>=20
> >I don't think you gain very much, either.  If your application =20
> >believes
> >that the connection has stuttered - a route flap or something - the
> >easiest way to fix it may be to reconnect.  I'll bet you do this a
> >couple times a day with your browser.  Hitting reload on a slow =20
> >loading
> >page does exactly this.  Other applications may value continuity of
> >connection more.
> I exhibit exactly this behavior. And I don't like it. I'd like the =20
> network to solve these issues for me... :)

I do it, too.  TCP serves a lot of applications that aren't people
browsing the web.

Why do you think TCP should handle this rather than Firefox (for
example)?

>=20
> [...]
>=20
> >>>Explain to me why ICMP messages indicating that your packets are not
> >>>being delivered indicate you should not slow down.
> >>
> >>I am not saying you shouldn't slow down. After RTO of course you
> >>should reset cwnd and halve ssthresh. I was just thinking of skipping
> >>(or delaying) doubling RTO if the retransmission after RTO does not
> >>simply vanish in the network but is  replied to with an ICMP (host/
> >>net) unreachable message. This seems reasonable to me if my above
> >>finding is true.
> >
> >I think its extra complexity for minimal gain.
> >But, I haven't done anything to validate that opinion.  Do you have =20
> >some
> >evidence either way?
>=20
> Complexity seems to be almost a dysphemism to me here.

Perhaps you think complexity is a dirtier word than I do.  It's hard
to understand how making TCP's retransmission depend partially on ICMP
isn't making TCP more complex.  I'm happy to use whatever term you
prefer.

>                                                        The gain is =20
> obviously a much faster restarting connection. And it's =20
> extraordinary... given an adequate scenario which is of course not =20
> the usual dial-up leafnode to the wired Internet but for instance a =20
> node which is part of a subnet managed by olsrd (causing route =20
> interruptions and the like).

It seems like the case you're considering - a TCP connection that has a
conncectivity breach that's noticed by ICMP and restored within a few
RTTs - is pretty uncommon.  Many application protocols (HTTP,FTP) are
already prepared to deal with these kind of interruptions.  Again, I
don't see a compelling case for the benefits.  Just speaking for myself.

>=20
> The question is if there is some rationale for this behavior. =20
> Actually, I was thinking there was (ICMP reply for single slow-start =20
> recovery retransmit indicating no congestion for the first few hops =20
> at least). But in the meantime I found that for zero window probing =20
> (which is comparable to "roadblock" probing) RFC 1122 in 4.2.2.17 =20
> recommends  exponentiell back-off as well. Whereas I understand  that =20
> exponentiell back-off is necessary for the _network_ to recover from =20
> severe congestion, I don't understand why exponentiell back-off is =20
> recommended for recovering from zero windows (which is more or less =20
> _application_ congestion). Of course, for zero window probes which =20
> are not ACKed back-off is essentiel. There is a DISCUSSION paragraph =20
> in 4.2.2.17 which is unfortunately not clear to me. It might be =20
> understood as if exponentiell back-off allows fast recovery from a =20
> zero window condition, although (from my understanding) it does =20
> exactly the opposite. Of course, it may all boil down to defining =20
> words, i.e., exponentiell back-off being fast by definition as =20
> complexity theory knows off much worse growth. But "traditionally" =20
> exponentiell is not fast.

4.2.2.17 is dealing with the case that one end of the connection is
advertising a 0 size window.  In this case the other end knows that the
connection still exists, but it isn't accepting data.  That whole
probing operation is to elicit a window update if one has been lost.

In general, TCP is conservative with sending probes of any kind.

--=20
Ted Faber
http://www.isi.edu/~faber           PGP: http://www.isi.edu/~faber/pubkeys.=
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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Mon Sep 24 18:35:49 2007
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I'd encourage others to weigh in on this. I'm uncomfortable with our
making recommendations to change TCP's fundamental behavior as a SHOULD
on the basis of a handful of representatives.

Joe

Mark Allman wrote:
> =20
> Folks-
>=20
> The seeming last issue with the tcpsecure document is how strong to
> recommend the various mitigations.  To review, there are three
> mitigations for RST, SYN and data injection attacks.  The question is
> whether to say that a TCP (1) MAY use all these mitigations, (2) SHOULD=

> use all these mitigations or (3) SHOULD use the mitigations for the RST=

> & SYN attacks and MAY use the data injection mitigation.  Clearly there=

> are other permutations (and one could also bring MUST and MUST NOT into=

> the conversation), however these three options have been voiced.  If yo=
u
> have some other permutation then voice it.
>=20
> In the meeting in Chicago we took a "visual hum" and the tally looks
> like this:
>=20
>       all SHOULDs: 4
>       all MAYs: 3
>       two SHOULDs and a MAY: 8
>=20
> So, our inclination is to go with option (3) from my list above.  If yo=
u
> think this is the wrong way to go please yell---especially if you are
> not reflected in the 15 folks who took part in the visual hum.
>=20
> Thanks,
> allman
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------=
-
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> tcpm mailing list
> tcpm@ietf.org
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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Mon Sep 24 22:32:18 2007
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From: Fernando Gont <fernando@gont.com.ar>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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At 02:44 p.m. 24/09/2007, Mark Allman wrote:

>In the meeting in Chicago we took a "visual hum" and the tally looks
>like this:
>
>       all SHOULDs: 4
>       all MAYs: 3
>       two SHOULDs and a MAY: 8
>
>So, our inclination is to go with option (3) from my list above.  If you
>think this is the wrong way to go please yell---especially if you are
>not reflected in the 15 folks who took part in the visual hum.

My inclination is for option (2) (all MAYs).

FWIW, I did not attend the last IETF.

Thanks,

-- 
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1





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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Mon Sep 24 22:49:19 2007
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To: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
From: Mark Allman <mallman@icir.org>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
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> I'd encourage others to weigh in on this. I'm uncomfortable with our
> making recommendations to change TCP's fundamental behavior as a SHOULD
> on the basis of a handful of representatives.

Joe, I hear you.  Ted and I chatted today and are also a bit leery
here.  We'd very much love to hear from others with opinions.

allman




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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Tue Sep 25 02:02:47 2007
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From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: Mark Allman <mallman@icir.org>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] 2581 implementation report
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On Mon, 24 Sep 2007, Mark Allman wrote:
> Attached is a short implementation report to send to the IESG when the
> WG is ready to forward 2581bis for publication as a draft standard.
> Please take a look at it and let me know if you have anything to add
> and/or have heartburn with anything in the writeup.
>
> (I am just floating this by the WG for opinions.  Clearly we need to do
> a WGLC on the document itself before anything is forwarded over to the
> IESG.)

Have all the features of the spec been implemented by at least two 
independent implementations?  I don't see the writeup clearly 
answering that question.

Half-aside: At different times, different folks have had varying views 
on what "all the features" mean -- whether it means every 
'may/should/must' (lower or uppercase) or something larger, at the 
very least some more detail than "fast retransmit -- check!" would 
likely be helpful.

Also, as most testing and observation references point to the work 
that was done prior to 2581 revision, you might want to add an 
explicit statement about how these changes should or shouldn't matter 
from the interoperability and implementation (i.e.: have the new 
modifications been implemented as well?) perspective.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Tue Sep 25 02:07:51 2007
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From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: Fernando Gont <fernando@gont.com.ar>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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On Mon, 24 Sep 2007, Fernando Gont wrote:
> At 02:44 p.m. 24/09/2007, Mark Allman wrote:
>> In the meeting in Chicago we took a "visual hum" and the tally looks
>> like this:
>>
>>        all SHOULDs: 4
>>        all MAYs: 3
>>        two SHOULDs and a MAY: 8
>> 
>> So, our inclination is to go with option (3) from my list above.  If you
>> think this is the wrong way to go please yell---especially if you are
>> not reflected in the 15 folks who took part in the visual hum.
>
> My inclination is for option (2) (all MAYs).
>
> FWIW, I did not attend the last IETF.

Likewise.

As a note, I do not see this as a comment on the technology or the 
modifications.  What I don't like is the concept that new TCP 
standards track documents would define what all TCP implementations 
implement.  Instead they should just define how to implement a 
particular modification if a vendor chooses to do so.  If we need to 
mandate what vendors must implement in order to claim compliance with 
'TCP', we need to update RFC 1122 or write a normative version of the 
TCP roadmap document.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Tue Sep 25 08:03:39 2007
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Subject: RE: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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From: "Agarwal, Anil" <Anil.Agarwal@viasat.com>
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Mark, Joe et al,
=20
My inclination is to suggest -
   "all SHOULDs"
=20
A second choice would be -
    "two SHOULDs and a MAY"
=20
As far as I can see, the proposed mechanisms bring value to users and to =
the Internet at large,=20
are relatively simple and backward compatible and do not (seem to) break =
anything.=20
I would be hesitant leaving them as "MAY"; vendors should be strongly =
encouraged=20
to implement security mechanisms.
=20
Regards,
Anil
=20
Anil Agarwal
ViaSat Inc.
Germantown, MD

________________________________

From: Joe Touch [mailto:touch@ISI.EDU]
Sent: Mon 9/24/2007 6:34 PM
To: mallman@icir.org
Cc: tcpm@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?



I'd encourage others to weigh in on this. I'm uncomfortable with our
making recommendations to change TCP's fundamental behavior as a SHOULD
on the basis of a handful of representatives.

Joe

Mark Allman wrote:
>=20
> Folks-
>
> The seeming last issue with the tcpsecure document is how strong to
> recommend the various mitigations.  To review, there are three
> mitigations for RST, SYN and data injection attacks.  The question is
> whether to say that a TCP (1) MAY use all these mitigations, (2) =
SHOULD
> use all these mitigations or (3) SHOULD use the mitigations for the =
RST
> & SYN attacks and MAY use the data injection mitigation.  Clearly =
there
> are other permutations (and one could also bring MUST and MUST NOT =
into
> the conversation), however these three options have been voiced.  If =
you
> have some other permutation then voice it.
>
> In the meeting in Chicago we took a "visual hum" and the tally looks
> like this:
>
>       all SHOULDs: 4
>       all MAYs: 3
>       two SHOULDs and a MAY: 8
>
> So, our inclination is to go with option (3) from my list above.  If =
you
> think this is the wrong way to go please yell---especially if you are
> not reflected in the 15 folks who took part in the visual hum.
>
> Thanks,
> allman
>
>
>
>
>
> =
------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> tcpm mailing list
> tcpm@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm




------_=_NextPart_001_01C7FF6B.E96389AF
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<HTML dir=3Dltr><HEAD><TITLE>Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to =
recommend?</TITLE>=0A=
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dunicode">=0A=
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.5730.11" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>=0A=
<BODY>=0A=
<DIV id=3DidOWAReplyText6695 dir=3Dltr>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Mark, Joe et =
al,</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>My inclination is to suggest =
-</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"all =
SHOULDs"</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>A second choice would be =
-<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; "two SHOULDs and a MAY"</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>As far as I can see, the =
proposed mechanisms bring value to users and to the Internet at large, =
</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>are relatively simple and =
backward compatible and do not (seem to) break anything. </FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I would be hesitant leaving =
them as "MAY"; vendors should be strongly encouraged </FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>to implement&nbsp;security =
mechanisms.</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Regards,</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Anil</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Anil Agarwal</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>ViaSat Inc.</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Germantown, MD</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><BR>=0A=
<HR tabIndex=3D-1>=0A=
<FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> Joe Touch =
[mailto:touch@ISI.EDU]<BR><B>Sent:</B> Mon 9/24/2007 6:34 =
PM<BR><B>To:</B> mallman@icir.org<BR><B>Cc:</B> =
tcpm@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to =
recommend?<BR></FONT><BR></DIV></DIV>=0A=
<DIV>=0A=
<P><FONT size=3D2>I'd encourage others to weigh in on this. I'm =
uncomfortable with our<BR>making recommendations to change TCP's =
fundamental behavior as a SHOULD<BR>on the basis of a handful of =
representatives.<BR><BR>Joe<BR><BR>Mark Allman =
wrote:<BR>&gt;&nbsp;<BR>&gt; Folks-<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; The seeming last =
issue with the tcpsecure document is how strong to<BR>&gt; recommend the =
various mitigations.&nbsp; To review, there are three<BR>&gt; =
mitigations for RST, SYN and data injection attacks.&nbsp; The question =
is<BR>&gt; whether to say that a TCP (1) MAY use all these mitigations, =
(2) SHOULD<BR>&gt; use all these mitigations or (3) SHOULD use the =
mitigations for the RST<BR>&gt; &amp; SYN attacks and MAY use the data =
injection mitigation.&nbsp; Clearly there<BR>&gt; are other permutations =
(and one could also bring MUST and MUST NOT into<BR>&gt; the =
conversation), however these three options have been voiced.&nbsp; If =
you<BR>&gt; have some other permutation then voice it.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; =
In the meeting in Chicago we took a "visual hum" and the tally =
looks<BR>&gt; like =
this:<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; all SHOULDs: =
4<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; all MAYs: =
3<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; two SHOULDs and a MAY: =
8<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; So, our inclination is to go with option (3) from my =
list above.&nbsp; If you<BR>&gt; think this is the wrong way to go =
please yell---especially if you are<BR>&gt; not reflected in the 15 =
folks who took part in the visual hum.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; Thanks,<BR>&gt; =
allman<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; =
------------------------------------------------------------------------<=
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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Tue Sep 25 08:32:09 2007
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From: Wesley Eddy <weddy@grc.nasa.gov>
To: Fernando Gont <fernando@gont.com.ar>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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On Mon, Sep 24, 2007 at 11:29:10PM -0300, Fernando Gont wrote:
> At 02:44 p.m. 24/09/2007, Mark Allman wrote:
> 
> >In the meeting in Chicago we took a "visual hum" and the tally looks
> >like this:
> >
> >      all SHOULDs: 4
> >      all MAYs: 3
> >      two SHOULDs and a MAY: 8
> >
> >So, our inclination is to go with option (3) from my list above.  If you
> >think this is the wrong way to go please yell---especially if you are
> >not reflected in the 15 folks who took part in the visual hum.
> 
> My inclination is for option (2) (all MAYs).
> 
> FWIW, I did not attend the last IETF.


I was at the meeting, and I think my hand is included in the "all MAYs"
above.  My personal opinion was that regardless of licensing terms, I
think having known IPR on something that we recommend all TCP hosts to
do is distasteful.  Since the tcpsecure solution isn't generally useful,
but only needed for specific cases, and the antispoof document described
alternatives, I don't feel that the benefits of SHOULD outweigh the
downside, so I'll say "all MAYs" again.

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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Tue Sep 25 08:55:35 2007
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From: David Borman <david.borman@windriver.com>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
Date: Tue, 25 Sep 2007 07:54:56 -0500
To: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
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I voted (3) at the meeting.  My vote is with the understanding that  
the whole tcpsecure document is *not* becoming part of the base TCP  
specification, but is an optional addition that implementors may  
choose whether or not to implement.  If they do choose to implement  
it, then within that context my vote is for two SHOULDs and a MAY.

If my understanding is incorrect, and we are voting on SHOULD/MAY for  
making these part of the base TCP specification, then I would change  
my vote to (2) all MAYs.
			-David Borman

On Sep 25, 2007, at 1:07 AM, Pekka Savola wrote:

> On Mon, 24 Sep 2007, Fernando Gont wrote:
>> At 02:44 p.m. 24/09/2007, Mark Allman wrote:
>>> In the meeting in Chicago we took a "visual hum" and the tally looks
>>> like this:
>>>
>>>        all SHOULDs: 4
>>>        all MAYs: 3
>>>        two SHOULDs and a MAY: 8
>>> So, our inclination is to go with option (3) from my list above.   
>>> If you
>>> think this is the wrong way to go please yell---especially if you  
>>> are
>>> not reflected in the 15 folks who took part in the visual hum.
>>
>> My inclination is for option (2) (all MAYs).
>>
>> FWIW, I did not attend the last IETF.
>
> Likewise.
>
> As a note, I do not see this as a comment on the technology or the  
> modifications.  What I don't like is the concept that new TCP  
> standards track documents would define what all TCP implementations  
> implement.  Instead they should just define how to implement a  
> particular modification if a vendor chooses to do so.  If we need  
> to mandate what vendors must implement in order to claim compliance  
> with 'TCP', we need to update RFC 1122 or write a normative version  
> of the TCP roadmap document.
>
> -- 
> Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
> Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
> Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings
>
> _______________________________________________
> tcpm mailing list
> tcpm@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Tue Sep 25 09:52:11 2007
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Hi Alfred and all,

Note to the list: we have got some off-list feedback regarding the F-=20
RTO draft and the companion evaluation document presented in Chicago, =20=

available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tcpm-rfc4138bis-00
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-kojo-tcpm-frto-eval-00

In attempt to spin up some discussion on the mailing list, with his =20
permission, I'm cc:ing my reply to Alfred to TCPM.

To summarize the discussion below, the only open technical question =20
we have is whether to include the SACK variant of F-RTO from RFC 4138 =20=

in the Proposed Standard, or whether to leave it out. The latter was =20
our choice for -00 version. We'd like to hear people's opinions on =20
this, or anything else regarding the above two drafts. We don't have =20
many to-do items on our list, so unless there are any comments/issues =20=

coming up, I believe the next version of rfc4138bis should be quite =20
close to final on our behalf.

More comments below...

On Sep 11, 2007, at 19:15, ext Alfred H=CEnes wrote:

>>> I have no technical objections to the draft, including the
>>> streamlining performed, leaving out SCTP and SACK related topics.
>>
>> Thanks, good to know. There have been some opinions also for leaving
>> the SACK version in the draft, so this kind of feedback are useful
>> to see if there seems to be "rough consensus" on one way or another.
>> Personally I would be happy to leave the SACK version out.
>
> Hmmmm.
>
> F-RTO for SCTP should definitely be left out now, and be dealt
> with in a separate document if it turns out to be required.
> (Furthermore, doing so avoids any possible conflicts regarding
> which WG should deal with the documents, TCPM vs. TSVWG.  :-) )

Thanks for the input. I think we agree.

> Since I do not have detailed knowledge regarding the degree of
> SACK support and actual use in the internet now, I admittedly
> just had followed your arguments.
>
> But, if it turns ot that SACK will gain, or already has gained,
> significant importance, it might indeed be reasonable to keep
> the SACK variant of F-RTO in 4138bis.  To this end, it might be
> useful to consider and evaluate the role of SACK for the evolution
> of other aspects of TCP (and other transport protocols); if it
> turns out, e.g., that SACK would be quite useful and important
> for the expected predominant response algoritms for F-RTO anyway,
> that should be taken as a firm indication that the SACK variant
> of F-RTO should be left in the document.

First, one note of clarification: a TCP that uses SACK can still use =20
the basic version of F-RTO based on cumulative acknowledgements just =20
fine. The SACK variant of F-RTO was intended to improve cases where =20
duplicate ACKs (for reordering, for example) prevent detection of =20
spurious RTO with the basic algorithm. To my understanding such cases =20=

are quite rare, so the additional benefit might not be too significant.

I have started to hesitate with my opinion on the SACK variant. We =20
proposed dropping out the SACK variant from the 4138bis draft, =20
because it seemed that it has not been as thoroughly analyzed as the =20
basic F-RTO. Also, the SACK version of F-RTO has not been included in =20=

all implementations that have the basic version (for example Linux =20
distribution has had only the basic version). However, after I =20
mentioned about dropping SACK in the Chicago presentation, it turned =20
out in the hallway discussions that there are implementations of the =20
SACK variant in real use. So if it seems that the consensus is for =20
keeping the SACK variant in 4138bis, that's fine with me as well. I'd =20=

be happy to hear more comments on this!

> For instance:
> The RFCs produced by the PILC WG have presented the analysis of,
> and recommendations for, the use of TCP in particular environments
> with particular properties and/or restrictions.  These RFCs should
> be reconsidered (I do not have the time now to do that - even by
> just scratching at the surface) to find out whether there are
> important scenarios that might be particular candidates for gaining
> high benefit from F-RTO (plus a matching response algorithm) which
> already have requirements or recommendations for the use of SACK.

Hmmm... Sorry, I'm not sure if I understood what you mean here. PILC =20
documents recommend SACK for the lossy links, but I don't see clear =20
relationship to F-RTO. Some of the documents discuss a bit about =20
spurious timeouts, but SACK is not mentioned in that scope.

>>> Yet, overall IMHO the arguments in favor of F-RTO are now repeated
>>> too often in the text - in sections 1. Introduction, 2.2 Discussion,
>>> and 4. Evaluation ...
>>
>> Ok, I'll try to read these sections with this in mind. It might show
>> from the text that in the first round for the Experimental RFC we
>> needed to more work justifying F-RTO, which probably is not needed
>> so much anymore.
>
> After my second pass over the evaluation draft, I also have
> reconsidered that topic as well.
>
> Is it intended to have the latter be published as a companion,
> Informational RFC, to the 4138bis, or shall it just serve WG
> internal purposes (and IESG/IAB requirements -- not precisely
> constrained in BCP 133 with regard to the form of publication)?
> In particular in the former case, IMHO there should be a clear split
> between the specification document (4138bis) and the eval document,
> leaving *most* of the background and justification information and
> evaluation report material out from the specs and replacing it by
> pointers to the eval document, as far as BCP 133 admits.

I'm not sure about the fate of the frto-eval draft. It's purpose was =20
to document the gained experience since the Experimental RFC 4138, to =20=

support the process of advancing the document to Proposed Standard. =20
It could have been published in some different format (technical =20
report, etc.), but we thought that an Internet-Draft would be quite =20
IETF'ish. I think rfc4138bis should be readable on its own, without =20
references to the eval document.

Thanks for the comments!

- Pasi


> Kind regards,
>   Alfred.
>
>
> P.S.:  Since I'm not on the TCPM (and TSVWG) lists, I thoughtlessly
> have hereby written another personal communication that might
> indeed be of interest for the group(s).  Thus, if it deems useful
> to you, please forward this message, or parts of it, to the list.
>
> --=20
>
> +------------------------=20
> +--------------------------------------------+
> | TR-Sys Alfred Hoenes   |  Alfred Hoenes   Dipl.-Math., Dipl.-=20
> Phys.  |
> | Gerlinger Strasse 12   |  Phone: (+49)7156/9635-0, Fax: =20
> -18         |
> | D-71254  Ditzingen     |  E-Mail:  ah@TR-=20
> Sys.de                     |
> +------------------------=20
> +--------------------------------------------+
>


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From: Lars Eggert <lars.eggert@nokia.com>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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Hi,

On 2007-9-25, at 1:34, ext Joe Touch wrote:
> I'd encourage others to weigh in on this. I'm uncomfortable with our
> making recommendations to change TCP's fundamental behavior as a  
> SHOULD
> on the basis of a handful of representatives.

this brings up an important point we need to clarify. The tcpsecure  
document contains a technical specification for multiple TCP  
mechanisms to protect against certain attacks.

However, RFC 2026 recommends that technical specifications should  
also come with a statement of applicability, i.e., something that  
says when the technical specification should or should not be used.  
Many documents don't have this, and often that isn't an issue. The  
tcpsecure document is missing this piece, too, but in this case I  
believe this is causing some confusion.

For some folks, this lack of a clear applicability statement means  
that the tcpsecure mechanisms become part of the "must-implement" set  
of TCP. To other folks, the MUST/SHOULD/MAY in the current document  
*are* a kind of applicability statement.

I think it would be helpful if we would tease apart applicability  
statement and technical specification. What were missing is consensus  
on the applicability of the proposed set of mechanisms. During the  
discussion around this document, I've heard basically two choices  
being expressed:

(1) all TCP stacks should implement tcpsecure

(2) only TCP stacks that expect to support a significant number of  
connections for which the described attacks are possible should  
implement tcpsecure

This is important to scope the discussion we're currently having on  
SHOULD vs. MAY.

If the applicability is (1), a SHOULD with its should-have-a-really- 
good-reason-to-ignore semantics is a pretty strong statement that  
affects all stacks.

Whereas if the applicability is (2) or something else that is more  
restricted than (1), a SHOULD is essentially without effect for  
stacks that don't consider themselves to fall under the conditions  
stated.

Lars

PS: Here is the relevant section from RFC2026:

3.1  Technical Specification (TS)

    A Technical Specification is any description of a protocol, service,
    procedure, convention, or format.  It may completely describe all of
    the relevant aspects of its subject, or it may leave one or more
    parameters or options unspecified.  A TS may be completely self-
    contained, or it may incorporate material from other specifications
    by reference to other documents (which might or might not be  
Internet
    Standards).

    A TS shall include a statement of its scope and the general intent
    for its use (domain of applicability).  Thus, a TS that is  
inherently
    specific to a particular context shall contain a statement to that
    effect.  However, a TS does not specify requirements for its use
    within the Internet;  these requirements, which depend on the
    particular context in which the TS is incorporated by different
    system configurations, are defined by an Applicability Statement.


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Tue Sep 25 10:04:12 2007
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Subject: RE: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
Date: Tue, 25 Sep 2007 10:04:15 -0400
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All,

On Tue 9/25/2007, Wesley Eddy wrote:

> I was at the meeting, and I think my hand is included in the=20
> "all MAYs"
> above.  My personal opinion was that regardless of licensing=20
> terms, I think having known IPR on something that we=20
> recommend all TCP hosts to do is distasteful.  Since the=20
> tcpsecure solution isn't generally useful, but only needed=20
> for specific cases, and the antispoof document described=20
> alternatives, I don't feel that the benefits of SHOULD=20
> outweigh the downside, so I'll say "all MAYs" again.

I am surprised to hear that these TCP enhancements carry IPR=20
and licensing terms.

Are there other standard or standards-track TCP enhancements=20
that require licensing?

Anil

Anil Agarwal
ViaSat Inc.
20511 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Suite 200
Germantown, MD 20876
Anil.Agarwal@viasat.com
ViaSat Brings your Network to Life
=20
>=20

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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Tue Sep 25 10:26:24 2007
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] New version of tcp-secure draft
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Ananth,
=20
Here are some (late) comments on draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-08 -
=20
1. Section 1.1 states -=20
"Most modern operating systems have a default window size=20
which usually is applied to most connections.  Some applications=20
however may change the window size to better suit the needs
of the application".=20

Would be useful to mention that some modern operating=20
systems (Linux) dynamically adapt the receive window size.=20
This somewhat reduces the vulnerability of these attacks.

2. In the first two mitigation techniques, if an attacker=20
injects 3 quick successive RST or SYN packets, it may result
in the receiver generating 3 identical ACKs,
which in turn may cause the transmitter to perform
fast retransmission and reduce cwnd.=20
This is not as bad as a connection reset, but nevertheless
it can be quite disruptive, especially for LFNs.
Do we need a mechanism to prevent this?
An ACK throttling value of 2 per second would be one way
to address this
=20
Anil

Anil Agarwal
ViaSat Inc.
20511 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Suite 200
Germantown, MD 20876
Anil.Agarwal@viasat.com <mailto:Anil.Agarwal@viasat.com>=20
ViaSat Brings your Network to Life

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On Tue, Sep 25, 2007 at 10:04:15AM -0400, Agarwal, Anil wrote:
> All,
>=20
> On Tue 9/25/2007, Wesley Eddy wrote:
>=20
> > I was at the meeting, and I think my hand is included in the=20
> > "all MAYs"
> > above.  My personal opinion was that regardless of licensing=20
> > terms, I think having known IPR on something that we=20
> > recommend all TCP hosts to do is distasteful.  Since the=20
> > tcpsecure solution isn't generally useful, but only needed=20
> > for specific cases, and the antispoof document described=20
> > alternatives, I don't feel that the benefits of SHOULD=20
> > outweigh the downside, so I'll say "all MAYs" again.
>=20
> I am surprised to hear that these TCP enhancements carry IPR=20
> and licensing terms.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/421/

>=20
> Are there other standard or standards-track TCP enhancements=20
> that require licensing?

Not so many.  You can look for yourself at:=20
https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/about/

--=20
Ted Faber
http://www.isi.edu/~faber           PGP: http://www.isi.edu/~faber/pubkeys.=
asc
Unexpected attachment on this mail? See http://www.isi.edu/~faber/FAQ.html#=
SIG

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Subject: RE: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
Date: Tue, 25 Sep 2007 10:30:31 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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From: "Anantha Ramaiah \(ananth\)" <ananth@cisco.com>
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	"Pekka Savola" <pekkas@netcore.fi>
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Some comments inline...=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: David Borman [mailto:david.borman@windriver.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, September 25, 2007 5:55 AM
> To: Pekka Savola
> Cc: tcpm@ietf.org; Fernando Gont; mallman@icir.org
> Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
>=20
> I voted (3) at the meeting.  My vote is with the=20
> understanding that the whole tcpsecure document is *not*=20
> becoming part of the base TCP specification, but is an=20

How does a document become part of the base specification (793 for
eg;-)? Does a document which clarfies some things left/out or corrects
errors like (1122 for eg;-) become part of the base specs?

> optional addition that implementors may choose whether or not=20
> to implement.  If they do choose to implement it, then within=20
> that context my vote is for two SHOULDs and a MAY.

My understanding is the strength of a proposal is determined by the
language used (SHOULD/MUST/MAY etc.,) and that covers everything
including guiding an implementor to implement the proposal or not. For
eg:- a TCP stack need not implement TCP secure mitigations at all but
MUST implement slow start for example.=20

If someone determines (I assume they know what they are doing in most
instances ;-) that proposals recommended in a particular RFC is needed
either in part/full then they would put resources to get that
accomplished in their stack. Isn't the "standard" way ?

Or are you saying "base specfication" is something akin to what the
roadmap document is talking about under the section "basic
functionality"?

Confused,
-Anantha

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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Tue Sep 25 14:11:59 2007
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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all SHOULDs (I was not at the meeting)

I have been persuaded in the past, during IETF Last Calls, that  MAY might as
well be MAY NOT in which case it conveys very little.  If it is worth expressing
in an RFC, then it is worth a SHOULD.

Tom Petch


----- Original Message -----
From: "Mark Allman" <mallman@icir.org>
To: <tcpm@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, September 24, 2007 7:44 PM
Subject: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Tue Sep 25 14:36:24 2007
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Subject: RE: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
Date: Tue, 25 Sep 2007 11:34:50 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
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From: "Mitesh Dalal \(mdalal\)" <mdalal@cisco.com>
To: <mallman@icir.org>, "Joe Touch" <touch@ISI.EDU>, <tcpm@ietf.org>
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A point to note is that we neither obsolete nor update rfc793, so if we
make a requirement as SHOULD or MUST does not cause an implementation to
go out of spec (just as in RFC3168 makes SHOULD/MUST recommendations,
but does not mean that
all rfc793 implementations are out of spec)

The whole discussion becomes relevant only if we are really updating
rfc793, so as long as you see these changes as standalone, the question
of SHOULD/MUST/MAY  become self explanatory in the right context.=20

So, in that sense I propose the changes as MUST. If an implementation
claims
compliance with these changes, than this (MUST) is the way it has to be
implemented.

my 0.02
Mitesh

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Mark Allman [mailto:mallman@icir.org]=20
> Sent: Monday, September 24, 2007 7:47 PM
> To: Joe Touch
> Cc: tcpm@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?=20
>=20
>=20
> > I'd encourage others to weigh in on this. I'm uncomfortable=20
> with our=20
> > making recommendations to change TCP's fundamental behavior as a=20
> > SHOULD on the basis of a handful of representatives.
>=20
> Joe, I hear you.  Ted and I chatted today and are also a bit=20
> leery here.  We'd very much love to hear from others with opinions.
>=20
> allman
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20

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To: "Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)" <ananth@cisco.com>
From: Mark Allman <mallman@icir.org>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
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Hat off ... 

This is a lot of hang wringing mumbo-jumbo, I think.  It seems to me ...

  + If a standards track document says "a TCP SHOULD do X" then as a
    particular TCP evolves it really ought to do X unless the
    implementers have a very good reason not to do X.

  + If a standards track document says "a TCP MAY do X" then as a
    particular TCP evolves the implementers have discretion to do X or
    not to do X based on their understanding of the issues.

  + If a standards track document says "a TCP SHOULD do X subject to
    conditions Y or scope Z" then as a particular TCP implementation
    evolves it really ought to do X if it falls within the given
    conditions or scope.

Why is this harder than that?

Hat on ...

It seems that currently the first two bullets apply to tcpsecure.  That
is, the document does not have any scoping or conditions.  Lars (and
others) has suggested that perhaps we need to add some scoping to the
document through an applicability statement.  That is certainly an
option.  If folks think that we should be adding such an applicability
statement before worrying about SHOULD vs. MAY then please say so.  (It
seems to me that thus far that has been a minority position.  I am happy
to change my view of this based WG input, naturally.)

allman




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From: Tim Shepard <shep@alum.mit.edu>
To: "Mitesh Dalal \(mdalal\)" <mdalal@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
In-reply-to: Your message of Tue, 25 Sep 2007 11:34:50 -0700.
	<13D1EAB852BE194C94773A947138483D041D8B78@xmb-sjc-21c.amer.cisco.com> 
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> The whole discussion becomes relevant only if we are really updating
> rfc793, so as long as you see these changes as standalone, the question
> of SHOULD/MUST/MAY  become self explanatory in the right context. 
> 
> So, in that sense I propose the changes as MUST. If an implementation
> claims
> compliance with these changes, than this (MUST) is the way it has to be
> implemented.


I think we've lost something important with MAY/SHOULD/MUST stuff.

Recall Lars Eggert's pointing out the need for an applicability
statement (in general and in particular).

It seems the mitigations described in this draft should be implemented
in any TCP which is going to be used for things which use TCP in such
a way that they will be vulnerable (where the IP addresses of both
ends and the port number of one end are knowable by an attacker) *or*
something else could be done to reduce vulnerability to such an
attack.

But its not completely clear to me that here we are trying to define a
protocol, the sort of thing which needs things like MAY/SHOULD/MUST to
ensure that interoperability goals will be met.

A somewhat serious security problem was discovered some time ago.
This draft documents one vendor's approach to solving this problem.
There are other ways of solving this problem.  It's not clear that a
standard is needed here to ensure interoperability of systems.

What is our goal here with this document?

Can the English word "should" be used in an RFC (without making it uppercase)?

I'd be happy publishing this document as informational and not
sweating the MAY/SHOULD/MUST stuff.  Just make them lowercase and make
the text make sense.


How's BTNS coming along?   Will we be seeing BGP over BTNS anytime soon?
(I've not been following BTNS too closely recently).

			-Tim Shepard
			 shep@alum.mit.edu

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Mark Allman wrote:
> Hat off ... 
> 
> This is a lot of hang wringing mumbo-jumbo, I think.  It seems to me ...
> 
>   + If a standards track document says "a TCP SHOULD do X" then as a
>     particular TCP evolves it really ought to do X unless the
>     implementers have a very good reason not to do X.
> 
>   + If a standards track document says "a TCP MAY do X" then as a
>     particular TCP evolves the implementers have discretion to do X or
>     not to do X based on their understanding of the issues.
> 
>   + If a standards track document says "a TCP SHOULD do X subject to
>     conditions Y or scope Z" then as a particular TCP implementation
>     evolves it really ought to do X if it falls within the given
>     conditions or scope.
> 
> Why is this harder than that?

The other nuance is:

	if you do A you MUST do B

i.e., dependencies of the choices within the protocol. That's useful to
capture, even using MUST/MAY/SHOULDs, but it should be clear enough from
the textual context.

> Hat on ...
> 
> It seems that currently the first two bullets apply to tcpsecure.  That
> is, the document does not have any scoping or conditions.  Lars (and
> others) has suggested that perhaps we need to add some scoping to the
> document through an applicability statement.  That is certainly an
> option.  If folks think that we should be adding such an applicability
> statement before worrying about SHOULD vs. MAY then please say so.  (It
> seems to me that thus far that has been a minority position.  I am happy
> to change my view of this based WG input, naturally.)

I think that MAY is fine without conditions.

I think that SHOULD should always have conditions - even if to
explicitly state "all TCPs SHOULD" in the most general case.

Joe


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Tom Petch wrote:
> all SHOULDs (I was not at the meeting)
> 
> I have been persuaded in the past, during IETF Last Calls, that  MAY might as
> well be MAY NOT in which case it conveys very little.  If it is worth expressing
> in an RFC, then it is worth a SHOULD.

There are plenty of RFCs that describe MAYs, FWIW. MAY means that it's
permissible and compliant to do something.

Joe
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>=20
>=20
> Hat off ...=20
>=20
> This is a lot of hang wringing mumbo-jumbo, I think.  It=20
> seems to me ...
>=20
>   + If a standards track document says "a TCP SHOULD do X" then as a
>     particular TCP evolves it really ought to do X unless the
>     implementers have a very good reason not to do X.

Since, all these discussions about started due to TCP secure, let me use
the same as an example. There is nothing wrong in making all mitigations
SHOULD since the "very good reason" can be one of :-

- I don't care about security/robustness of TCP connections and hence my
products don't need to implement these.
- well I do care about security but I always use additional protection
like MD5 or IPsec and hence implementing this is optional. I'll think
about it.
- I like the mitigations in the draft and I see them lightweight and
I'll go ahead and implement them, but since these are tagged SHOULD I
may have a knob to control this behaviour.
- I definetely would want to implement these. Even though it is a
SHOULD, to me it is like a MUST.

So what I am tryng to say is: it is upto the implementers to interpret
and implement it if they wish to do so. Saying SHOULD is not an issue
since it gives enough leeway for all of the above scenarios.

But I am open to the idea of adding a generic applicability statement
like : "these mitigations are useful in blah blah... Conditions etc., "
Already if I remember correctly we do have some text to that effect in
the draft, but we can polish it further or formalize it.

-Anantha

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Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
>>
>> Hat off ... 
>>
>> This is a lot of hang wringing mumbo-jumbo, I think.  It 
>> seems to me ...
>>
>>   + If a standards track document says "a TCP SHOULD do X" then as a
>>     particular TCP evolves it really ought to do X unless the
>>     implementers have a very good reason not to do X.
> 
> Since, all these discussions about started due to TCP secure, let me use
> the same as an example. There is nothing wrong in making all mitigations
> SHOULD since the "very good reason" can be one of :-

... I'll number these for references:

#1
> - I don't care about security/robustness of TCP connections and hence my
> products don't need to implement these.
#2
> - well I do care about security but I always use additional protection
> like MD5 or IPsec and hence implementing this is optional. I'll think
> about it.
#3
> - I like the mitigations in the draft and I see them lightweight and
> I'll go ahead and implement them, but since these are tagged SHOULD I
> may have a knob to control this behaviour.
#4
> - I definetely would want to implement these. Even though it is a
> SHOULD, to me it is like a MUST.
> 
> So what I am tryng to say is: it is upto the implementers to interpret
> and implement it if they wish to do so. Saying SHOULD is not an issue
> since it gives enough leeway for all of the above scenarios.

I don't think SHOULD covers #1 very well above, and it arguably doesn't
voer case 2 either. SHOULD really intends to mean "MUST unless you know
you know a specific reason that would be undesirable".

That's why I think some of us (myself included) prefer MAY for all (with
the caveat that there can be MAY for the whole set, and the additional
relative requirements, i.e., If you do A, you MUST do B.)

Joe

> 
> But I am open to the idea of adding a generic applicability statement
> like : "these mitigations are useful in blah blah... Conditions etc., "
> Already if I remember correctly we do have some text to that effect in
> the draft, but we can polish it further or formalize it.
> 
> -Anantha
> 
> _______________________________________________
> tcpm mailing list
> tcpm@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm
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Tim Shepard wrote:

> How's BTNS coming along?   Will we be seeing BGP over BTNS anytime soon=
?
> (I've not been following BTNS too closely recently).

See the Goals and Milestones at:
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/btns-charter.html

Joe


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Wed Sep 26 07:46:29 2007
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From: Tim Shepard <shep@alum.mit.edu>
To: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
In-reply-to: Your message of Tue, 25 Sep 2007 15:12:07 -0700.
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> > How's BTNS coming along?   Will we be seeing BGP over BTNS anytime soon?
> > (I've not been following BTNS too closely recently).
> 
> See the Goals and Milestones at:
> http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/btns-charter.html


Cool.  But that is only a (partial) answer to my first question.  From
the status of Goals and Milestones on that IETF WG charter page, I
cannot tell if the result of the BTNS WG is something that is
sufficiently far along that "go do BTNS" is a viable alternative to
this "tcpsecure" draft.  Presumably I could read all the drafts that
are there and form my own opnion, but the queue of things that I ought
to read soon is much deeper than what I will be able to read soon.

(For those attempting to follow along... I believe the need that
 triggered this tcpsecure draft was also (one of?) the trigger(s) that
 led to the BTNS WG effort.    This tcpsecure draft is a collection of
 hacks (which appear to solve the problems as we understand them now)
 while the BTNS effort was started in an attempt to solve the problem
 in an architecturally correct and more robust way.)

At some point there's a decision to be made, recommend what's in the
tcpsecure draft, or recommend what BTNS has produced.

So I ask: is BTNS succeeding such that it is a viable alternative to
this tcpsecure draft?

			-Tim Shepard
			 shep@alum.mit.edu

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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Wed Sep 26 09:54:43 2007
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...I shuffled it a bit.

On Tue, 25 Sep 2007, Pasi Sarolahti wrote:
> On Sep 11, 2007, at 19:15, ext Alfred H=CEnes wrote:
> 
> >Since I do not have detailed knowledge regarding the degree of
> >SACK support and actual use in the internet now, I admittedly
> >just had followed your arguments.
> >
> >But, if it turns ot that SACK will gain, or already has gained,
> >significant importance, it might indeed be reasonable to keep
> >the SACK variant of F-RTO in 4138bis.  To this end, it might be
> >useful to consider and evaluate the role of SACK for the evolution
> >of other aspects of TCP (and other transport protocols); if it
> >turns out, e.g., that SACK would be quite useful and important
> >for the expected predominant response algoritms for F-RTO anyway,
> >that should be taken as a firm indication that the SACK variant
> >of F-RTO should be left in the document.
> 
> First, one note of clarification: a TCP that uses SACK can still use th=
e basic
> version of F-RTO based on cumulative acknowledgements just fine. The SA=
CK
> variant of F-RTO was intended to improve cases where duplicate ACKs (fo=
r
> reordering, for example) prevent detection of spurious RTO with the bas=
ic
> algorithm. To my understanding such cases are quite rare, so the additi=
onal
> benefit might not be too significant.

Also if there's a loss very close after the delayed packet, SACK version 
can first detect RTO as spurious and then TCP recovers after three 
dupacks. How likely that is, I don't know.

> Also, the SACK version of F-RTO has not been included in all 
> implementations that have the basic version
> (for example Linux distribution has had only the basic version).

...That's only partially valid because since 2.6.22 Linux has included 
both versions (though both off by default). Its SACK version includes 
features discussed in 4138's Appendix B. From 2.6.24 onward it will 
enable SACK version by default.

> I have started to hesitate with my opinion on the SACK variant. We prop=
osed
> dropping out the SACK variant from the 4138bis draft, because it seemed=
 that
> it has not been as thoroughly analyzed as the basic F-RTO.
>
> However, after I mentioned about dropping SACK in the Chicago presentat=
ion, it
> turned out in the hallway discussions that there are implementations of=
 the
> SACK variant in real use. So if it seems that the consensus is for keep=
ing the
> SACK variant in 4138bis, that's fine with me as well. I'd be happy to h=
ear
> more comments on this!

Quite clearly using SACK blocks improves FRTO's accuracy in detection as 
they are rather strong indication what really arrived. However, it adds 
some challenges to aggressive response usage because then lying in SACK 
blocks should also be addressed in Security Considerations, especially as=
 
"because the sender will have an incorrect state, it cannot retransmit 
the segment that has never reached the receiver" does not hold like it 
does with SND.UNA. Yet, as long as FRTO is accompanied with a conservativ=
e 
response, I don't see how the receiver could have meaningful benefits fro=
m 
lying, whereas unnecessary retransmissions are more accurately mitigated.


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Wed Sep 26 10:03:10 2007
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Tim Shepard wrote:
>>> How's BTNS coming along?   Will we be seeing BGP over BTNS anytime so=
on?
>>> (I've not been following BTNS too closely recently).
>> See the Goals and Milestones at:
>> http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/btns-charter.html
>=20
>=20
> Cool.  But that is only a (partial) answer to my first question.  From
> the status of Goals and Milestones on that IETF WG charter page, I
> cannot tell if the result of the BTNS WG is something that is
> sufficiently far along that "go do BTNS" is a viable alternative to
> this "tcpsecure" draft.  Presumably I could read all the drafts that
> are there and form my own opnion, but the queue of things that I ought
> to read soon is much deeper than what I will be able to read soon.
>=20
> (For those attempting to follow along... I believe the need that
>  triggered this tcpsecure draft was also (one of?) the trigger(s) that
>  led to the BTNS WG effort.    This tcpsecure draft is a collection of
>  hacks (which appear to solve the problems as we understand them now)
>  while the BTNS effort was started in an attempt to solve the problem
>  in an architecturally correct and more robust way.)

FWIW:

tcpsecure reduces the impact of attacks on TCP that presume knowledge of
the socket pair (src/dst IP, src/dst port), the impetus of which was
attacks on BGP

as noted in RFC4953 (antispoof) discusses protections for such services,
and more direct protections using authentication mechanisms such as
TCP/MD5 (which we have a group revising - stay tuned...) and IPsec.

IPsec is sometimes not used in routers because of the need to configure
preshared keys or certificate authority information; BTNS enables IPsec
without either

BTNS has a large number of potential uses beyond BGP, though. TCP/MD5
and its alternates - despite the formers similar need for preshared keys
- may be more likely to be more widely used for the BGP case.

I.e., as was noted in antispoof, there are many ways to address this
problem, and the problem is of impact only for certain connections.

> At some point there's a decision to be made, recommend what's in the
> tcpsecure draft, or recommend what BTNS has produced.

Or the successor to TCP/MD5, or existing IPsec - and that recommendation
will probably involve collaboration with the Security Area.

> So I ask: is BTNS succeeding such that it is a viable alternative to
> this tcpsecure draft?

One of many alternatives, yes. The only alternative, no.

Joe


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Few points :-

- It is true that TCP secure recommendations might be useful for long
lived sessions like BGP. But there are many applications using TCP which
also could benefit from the proposed changes. The TCP secure changes
needs to be viewed as a standalone thing, since it focusses in providing
robustness to TCP connections w.r.t some spoofing attacks.=20

- TCP secure changes are not going to solve the "world hunger problem".
Ipsec and TCP secure are completely orthogonal since Ipsec is generic
security solution with it's own pros and cons whereas TCP secure
attempts to illustrate some known issues w.r.t some TCP spoofing attacks
and proposes mitigations to the same.

- The WG is also talking about replacing the TCP MD5 with a more generic
TCP security algorithms. This came out of the need to provide security
at layer 4. I know some people would dis-agree but that is a different
story.

- TCP secure, TCP MD5, TCP advanced security algorithms, IPsec are all
different tools with varying degrees of complexity and usage. A user can
chose to use one of them depending on his/her requirements. Telling
people to only use IPsec is akin to saying "always fly in business
class". Yes I have used this analogy before, but this is one whih popped
up in mind after today's coffee :-)

So, I would not draw some comparisions between TCP secure and other
"security" solutions including BTNS etc., These need to be viewed upon
independently.

Well, I am speaking out of experience resulting from dealing with
working on many products which use TCP and confronting the differing
requirements imposed by those, so needless to say, OMMV.

-Anantha

>=20
> > > How's BTNS coming along?   Will we be seeing BGP over=20
> BTNS anytime soon?
> > > (I've not been following BTNS too closely recently).
> >=20
> > See the Goals and Milestones at:
> > http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/btns-charter.html
>=20
>=20
> Cool.  But that is only a (partial) answer to my first=20
> question.  From the status of Goals and Milestones on that=20
> IETF WG charter page, I cannot tell if the result of the BTNS=20
> WG is something that is sufficiently far along that "go do=20
> BTNS" is a viable alternative to this "tcpsecure" draft. =20
> Presumably I could read all the drafts that are there and=20
> form my own opnion, but the queue of things that I ought to=20
> read soon is much deeper than what I will be able to read soon.
>=20
> (For those attempting to follow along... I believe the need=20
> that  triggered this tcpsecure draft was also (one of?) the=20
> trigger(s) that
>  led to the BTNS WG effort.    This tcpsecure draft is a collection of
>  hacks (which appear to solve the problems as we understand=20
> them now)  while the BTNS effort was started in an attempt to=20
> solve the problem  in an architecturally correct and more robust way.)
>=20
> At some point there's a decision to be made, recommend what's=20
> in the tcpsecure draft, or recommend what BTNS has produced.
>=20
> So I ask: is BTNS succeeding such that it is a viable=20
> alternative to this tcpsecure draft?
>=20
> 			-Tim Shepard
> 			 shep@alum.mit.edu
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> tcpm mailing list
> tcpm@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm
>=20

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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Wed Sep 26 12:47:20 2007
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Subject: RE: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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Thread-Topic: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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From: <toby.moncaster@bt.com>
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Two things that seem clear from this quite long email thread:

1) many of the people expressing opinions on this are the same ones that
expressed opinions at the meeting in Chicago

2) there is definite lack of agreement on the meaning of SHOULD and MAY
(MUST seems pretty clear).

It almost seems that there is a need for a new level of recommendation
somewhere between SHOULD (which many people seem to take to mean "MUST
unless you have a good reason not to") and MAY (which some people take
to mean "may do if you choose to"). What is lacking (as I think Tim was
driving at) is a word to mean "we advise you to do this but don't want
to obligate you".

Obviously some of this confusion can be reduced if proper applicability
statements are used as described by Lars below.

For what its worth I am torn between options 2) and 3). Option 3) is
correct if the applicability is clearly defined to those TCPs where
there is significant risk of harm from these attacks

Toby
________________________________________________________________________
____
Toby Moncaster, <toby.moncaster@bt.com> Networks Research Centre, BT
Research
B54/70 Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath, Ipswich, IP53RE, UK.  +44 1473
648734=20


-----Original Message-----
From: Lars Eggert [mailto:lars.eggert@nokia.com]=20
Sent: 25 September 2007 14:54
To: ext Joe Touch
Cc: tcpm@ietf.org; mallman@icir.org
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?

Hi,

On 2007-9-25, at 1:34, ext Joe Touch wrote:
> I'd encourage others to weigh in on this. I'm uncomfortable with our=20
> making recommendations to change TCP's fundamental behavior as a=20
> SHOULD on the basis of a handful of representatives.

this brings up an important point we need to clarify. The tcpsecure
document contains a technical specification for multiple TCP mechanisms
to protect against certain attacks.

However, RFC 2026 recommends that technical specifications should also
come with a statement of applicability, i.e., something that says when
the technical specification should or should not be used. =20
Many documents don't have this, and often that isn't an issue. The
tcpsecure document is missing this piece, too, but in this case I
believe this is causing some confusion.

For some folks, this lack of a clear applicability statement means that
the tcpsecure mechanisms become part of the "must-implement" set of TCP.
To other folks, the MUST/SHOULD/MAY in the current document
*are* a kind of applicability statement.

I think it would be helpful if we would tease apart applicability
statement and technical specification. What were missing is consensus on
the applicability of the proposed set of mechanisms. During the
discussion around this document, I've heard basically two choices being
expressed:

(1) all TCP stacks should implement tcpsecure

(2) only TCP stacks that expect to support a significant number of
connections for which the described attacks are possible should
implement tcpsecure

This is important to scope the discussion we're currently having on
SHOULD vs. MAY.

If the applicability is (1), a SHOULD with its should-have-a-really-
good-reason-to-ignore semantics is a pretty strong statement that
affects all stacks.

Whereas if the applicability is (2) or something else that is more
restricted than (1), a SHOULD is essentially without effect for stacks
that don't consider themselves to fall under the conditions stated.

Lars

PS: Here is the relevant section from RFC2026:

3.1  Technical Specification (TS)

    A Technical Specification is any description of a protocol, service,
    procedure, convention, or format.  It may completely describe all of
    the relevant aspects of its subject, or it may leave one or more
    parameters or options unspecified.  A TS may be completely self-
    contained, or it may incorporate material from other specifications
    by reference to other documents (which might or might not be
Internet
    Standards).

    A TS shall include a statement of its scope and the general intent
    for its use (domain of applicability).  Thus, a TS that is
inherently
    specific to a particular context shall contain a statement to that
    effect.  However, a TS does not specify requirements for its use
    within the Internet;  these requirements, which depend on the
    particular context in which the TS is incorporated by different
    system configurations, are defined by an Applicability Statement.


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Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
> Few points :-
>=20
> - It is true that TCP secure recommendations might be useful for long
> lived sessions like BGP. But there are many applications using TCP whic=
h
> also could benefit from the proposed changes.

As an aside, it would be useful to provide in your doc an example of
such an application, e.g., where the endpoints and port numbers are
known or reasonably guessable.

> The TCP secure changes
> needs to be viewed as a standalone thing, since it focusses in providin=
g
> robustness to TCP connections w.r.t some spoofing attacks.=20

The real point is that spoofing isn't a standalone thing. Putting
protections into TCP without locking down ICMP isn't sufficient, and
inferring authentication from header properties just narrows the window
of attack.

> - TCP secure, TCP MD5, TCP advanced security algorithms, IPsec are all
> different tools with varying degrees of complexity and usage. A user ca=
n
> chose to use one of them depending on his/her requirements. Telling
> people to only use IPsec is akin to saying "always fly in business
> class". Yes I have used this analogy before, but this is one whih poppe=
d
> up in mind after today's coffee :-)

If we agree that users should be able to choose the solution that fits,
let's go with MAYs all around.

Otherwise, aren't you dictating your solution as fitting everyone's needs=
?

Joe


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Subject: RE: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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=20
>=20
>=20
> Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
> > Few points :-
> >=20
> > - It is true that TCP secure recommendations might be=20
> useful for long=20
> > lived sessions like BGP. But there are many applications using TCP=20
> > which also could benefit from the proposed changes.
>=20
> As an aside, it would be useful to provide in your doc an=20
> example of such an application, e.g., where the endpoints and=20
> port numbers are known or reasonably guessable.

We can give it a thought about adding something if the WG feels so. I
for one feel that we would want to preserve the generic nature of this
document, you want to avoid listing application references as much as
possible, we can give examples but as you it wouldn't be a complete
list, anyways.

>=20
> > The TCP secure changes
> > needs to be viewed as a standalone thing, since it focusses in=20
> > providing robustness to TCP connections w.r.t some spoofing attacks.
>=20
> The real point is that spoofing isn't a standalone thing.=20
> Putting protections into TCP without locking down ICMP isn't=20
> sufficient, and inferring authentication from header=20
> properties just narrows the window of attack.

If we have to fix multiple layers, lets fix it, I have no problems. You
can do all at once or piecemeal, as simple as that. It doesn't matter
whether spoofing is standalone or not, it is about how well you can make
your TCP stack respond to such malicious attacks, if you care to do so.

>=20
> > - TCP secure, TCP MD5, TCP advanced security algorithms,=20
> IPsec are all=20
> > different tools with varying degrees of complexity and=20
> usage. A user=20
> > can chose to use one of them depending on his/her requirements.=20
> > Telling people to only use IPsec is akin to saying "always fly in=20
> > business class". Yes I have used this analogy before, but=20
> this is one=20
> > whih popped up in mind after today's coffee :-)
>=20
> If we agree that users should be able to choose the solution=20
> that fits, let's go with MAYs all around.

I know you want all MAY's in place. Some others (includes me) are not
yet convinced that why SHOULD doesn't provide the same assurance.

>=20
> Otherwise, aren't you dictating your solution as fitting=20
> everyone's needs?

I am not "dictating" anything here. I am just supporting the reason why
I feel it should be SHOULD's :-)=20

-Anantha
>=20
> Joe
>=20
>=20

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Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
=2E..
> If we have to fix multiple layers, lets fix it, I have no problems. You=

> can do all at once or piecemeal, as simple as that. It doesn't matter
> whether spoofing is standalone or not, it is about how well you can mak=
e
> your TCP stack respond to such malicious attacks, if you care to do so.=


TCP is not a secure protocol. It's not intended for protection from
malicious attacks per se; 'fixing' it is to assert your solution on
everyone, as below.

>>> - TCP secure, TCP MD5, TCP advanced security algorithms,=20
>> IPsec are all=20
>>> different tools with varying degrees of complexity and=20
>> usage. A user=20
>>> can chose to use one of them depending on his/her requirements.=20
>>> Telling people to only use IPsec is akin to saying "always fly in=20
>>> business class". Yes I have used this analogy before, but=20
>> this is one=20
>>> whih popped up in mind after today's coffee :-)
>> If we agree that users should be able to choose the solution=20
>> that fits, let's go with MAYs all around.
>=20
> I know you want all MAY's in place. Some others (includes me) are not
> yet convinced that why SHOULD doesn't provide the same assurance.
>=20
>> Otherwise, aren't you dictating your solution as fitting=20
>> everyone's needs?
>=20
> I am not "dictating" anything here. I am just supporting the reason why=

> I feel it should be SHOULD's :-)=20

SHOULD dictates that everyone's TCP ought to have this included except
for specific good reason. MAY allows them to make the choice themselves.

Joe


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Subject: RE: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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>=20
> Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
> ...
> > If we have to fix multiple layers, lets fix it, I have no problems.=20
> > You can do all at once or piecemeal, as simple as that. It doesn't=20
> > matter whether spoofing is standalone or not, it is about=20
> how well you=20
> > can make your TCP stack respond to such malicious attacks,=20
> if you care to do so.
>=20
> TCP is not a secure protocol. It's not intended for=20
> protection from malicious attacks per se; 'fixing' it is to=20
> assert your solution on everyone, as below.

I see what you are saying except the "asserting your solution part".=20

But you seem to equating some efforts of making TCP more robust to TCP
have an Ipsec like functionality, very far fetched, IMO.

Hmm... It boils to your favorite line of thinking : "Don't make any
robustness changes in TCP, just use IPsec", I thought we have beaten
that to death long time ago. :-)

Anyways, I don't want to side-track this discussion from it's original
intent viz., "strength of mitigations"

-Anantha

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Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
>> Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
>> ...
>>> If we have to fix multiple layers, lets fix it, I have no problems.=20
>>> You can do all at once or piecemeal, as simple as that. It doesn't=20
>>> matter whether spoofing is standalone or not, it is about=20
>> how well you=20
>>> can make your TCP stack respond to such malicious attacks,=20
>> if you care to do so.
>>
>> TCP is not a secure protocol. It's not intended for=20
>> protection from malicious attacks per se; 'fixing' it is to=20
>> assert your solution on everyone, as below.
>=20
> I see what you are saying except the "asserting your solution part".=20
=2E..
> Anyways, I don't want to side-track this discussion from it's original
> intent viz., "strength of mitigations"

OK, so let's get back to that. If you believe that it's appropriate to
let people decide what mitigations they want to deploy, then why isn't
tcpsecure a MAY?

I.e., you MAY deploy it if you want the mitigations.

There's no MUST in that logic, any more than 'you MUST deploy
IPsec/BTNS/TCP-MD5++'.

I think we're all agreeing that "let the user decide" is appropriate.
What we disagree upon appears to be what that implies.

Joe


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Subject: RE: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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Inline comments....

> > Anyways, I don't want to side-track this discussion from=20
> it's original=20
> > intent viz., "strength of mitigations"
>=20
> OK, so let's get back to that. If you believe that it's=20
> appropriate to let people decide what mitigations they want=20
> to deploy, then why isn't tcpsecure a MAY?


Here is why I think it is SHOULD ( I have already pointed out the
reasons, but will try to more explicit this time.)

- I believe by making it a SHOULD it already lets people chose. Many
implementations have ignored the recommendations tagged as SHOULD and
some of them "knobbed" it for the "good reasons" of their own.

- Like someone pointed out MAY is a weak statement, it could also imply
"MAY not". Why should it be a MAY when we know that the pros of the
soultion outweigh the cons?

- to me these recommendations are good to have, so it falls under SHOULD
since the internet has changed a lot from being what it was 20 years ago
and I believe protocol robustness and quality are good to have and esp.
for a pervasive protocol like TCP. To me "good to have" is a SHOULD. I
agree it is not "MUST have".

>=20
> I.e., you MAY deploy it if you want the mitigations.
>=20
> There's no MUST in that logic, any more than 'you MUST deploy=20
> IPsec/BTNS/TCP-MD5++'.

I am assuming it is a conditional MUST like "if you need security then
use TCP MD5", correct? Is "conditional MUST =3D SHOULD" ?

>=20
> I think we're all agreeing that "let the user decide" is appropriate.
> What we disagree upon appears to be what that implies.=20

Yes I think we are all focussed on the RFC language to be used here.

-Anantha

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Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
> Inline comments....
=2E..
> - Like someone pointed out MAY is a weak statement, it could also imply=

> "MAY not". Why should it be a MAY when we know that the pros of the
> soultion outweigh the cons?

They do not in all cases. If TCP is deployed either where no well-known
connections exist, or where such connections are protected by other
authentication, this solution adds
	a) complexity
	b) chatter during valid RSTs
	c) IPR encumberance

> - to me these recommendations are good to have,=20

You're now making decisions for others, i.e., these recommendations are
"good for everyone to have unless they have a reason not to". That's not
what you said before in terms of "let the user/implementer decide".

=2E..
>> There's no MUST in that logic, any more than 'you MUST deploy=20
>> IPsec/BTNS/TCP-MD5++'.
>=20
> I am assuming it is a conditional MUST like "if you need security then
> use TCP MD5", correct? Is "conditional MUST =3D SHOULD" ?

It is a conditional SHOULD, i.e., a SHOULD with a caveat. From the
RFC2119-level, IMO that's a MAY with explanation.

Joe


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Subject: RE: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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> Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
> > Inline comments....
> ...
> > - Like someone pointed out MAY is a weak statement, it could also=20
> > imply "MAY not". Why should it be a MAY when we know that=20
> the pros of=20
> > the soultion outweigh the cons?
>=20
> They do not in all cases. If TCP is deployed either where no=20
> well-known connections exist, or where such connections are=20
> protected by other authentication, this solution adds
> 	a) complexity

"complexity" and the strength of mitigation cannot be tied together,
IMO.

Almost every solution that tries to add/modify/delete some TCP behaviour
does add complexity to TCP processing.

That said, we have already debated in the past, about the so called
"complexity" of these solutions.


> 	b) chatter during valid RSTs

You mean an extra RTO? Ok, fair enough. But, benefits outweigh
drawbacks, I would think.

> 	c) IPR encumberance

AFAIK, this is not an issue as this was beaten to death before.

>=20
> > - to me these recommendations are good to have,
>=20
> You're now making decisions for others, i.e., these=20
> recommendations are "good for everyone to have unless they=20
> have a reason not to". That's not what you said before in=20
> terms of "let the user/implementer decide".

"Good to have" since it improves TCP robustness and quality, this is my
viewpoint. This is different from "making decisions for others".

>=20
> ...
> >> There's no MUST in that logic, any more than 'you MUST deploy=20
> >> IPsec/BTNS/TCP-MD5++'.
> >=20
> > I am assuming it is a conditional MUST like "if you need=20
> security then=20
> > use TCP MD5", correct? Is "conditional MUST =3D SHOULD" ?
>=20
> It is a conditional SHOULD, i.e., a SHOULD with a caveat.=20
> From the RFC2119-level, IMO that's a MAY with explanation.

Curious : Are you ok tagging the TCP secure mitigations with a
"conditional SHOULD" or "SHOULD with caveat" or "an applicability
statement with a SHOULD"? I am assuming that these are equivalent to MAY
with explanation?=20

-Anantha

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Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
=2E..
>> 	b) chatter during valid RSTs
>=20
> You mean an extra RTO? Ok, fair enough. But, benefits outweigh
> drawbacks, I would think.

FWIW, I mean *responding* to a RST.

>> 	c) IPR encumberance
>=20
> AFAIK, this is not an issue as this was beaten to death before.

It will remain the context under which a decision is made until IPR is
removed. Each party weighing in needs to decide how that impacts their
decision - and whether they want to impose it as a requirement on the
community.

>> ...
>>>> There's no MUST in that logic, any more than 'you MUST deploy=20
>>>> IPsec/BTNS/TCP-MD5++'.
>>> I am assuming it is a conditional MUST like "if you need=20
>> security then=20
>>> use TCP MD5", correct? Is "conditional MUST =3D SHOULD" ?
>> It is a conditional SHOULD, i.e., a SHOULD with a caveat.=20
>> From the RFC2119-level, IMO that's a MAY with explanation.
>=20
> Curious : Are you ok tagging the TCP secure mitigations with a
> "conditional SHOULD" or "SHOULD with caveat" or "an applicability
> statement with a SHOULD"? I am assuming that these are equivalent to MA=
Y
> with explanation?=20

I'm saying that MAY with explanation is sufficient. There's no point in
a SHOULD unless you want to have the WG make a recommendation for
others. Even with context, this still amounts to forcing a solution. If
it's really all that useful and people aren't worried about the
complexity or IPR, they'll implement it. Let them decide.

Joe


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On Tue, 25 Sep 2007, Tim Shepard wrote:
...
> How's BTNS coming along?   Will we be seeing BGP over BTNS anytime soon?
> (I've not been following BTNS too closely recently).

I wouldn't expect to see measurable deployment within the next, say, 
5-10 years.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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Pekka Savola wrote:
> On Tue, 25 Sep 2007, Tim Shepard wrote:
> ...
>> How's BTNS coming along?   Will we be seeing BGP over BTNS anytime soo=
n?
>> (I've not been following BTNS too closely recently).
>=20
> I wouldn't expect to see measurable deployment within the next, say,
> 5-10 years.

It's not clear whether BTNS would be used for BGP per se; network
managers may come to terms with the need for conventional IPsec and bite
the CA bullet anyway.

As to what will happen in 5-10 years, I'm not sure either, but I'll bet
money against any specific prediction either way. I haven't seen one
come true in 25 years.

Joe


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Fri Sep 28 13:05:23 2007
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To: "Mitesh Dalal (mdalal)" <mdalal@cisco.com>
From: Mark Allman <mallman@icir.org>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
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[catching up]

> A point to note is that we neither obsolete nor update rfc793, so if we

I think this is wrong.  I think this document clearly updates 793.  It
says to do something differently from what 793 says and so I don't see
how you can say it does not somehow update that document.

allman




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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Fri Sep 28 14:20:22 2007
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To: "Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)" <ananth@cisco.com>
From: Mark Allman <mallman@icir.org>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
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Anantha-

I have to say I am pretty drained from reading this thread and really
don't know if we have consensus on anything or are driving towards
developing it.

The one thing that really confuses me in this discussion is the
statements like this:

> Since, all these discussions about started due to TCP secure, let me
> use the same as an example. There is nothing wrong in making all
> mitigations SHOULD since the "very good reason" can be one of :-

It really seems to me that you are equating MAY and SHOULD.  It seems
like this is saying that implementers can come up with any reason to not
implement tcpsecure if we tag these with a SHOULD.  I think I understand
a number of other people's distinctions between MAY and SHOULD, but I
cannot figure out how you differentiate them and therefore I cannot
figure out why you think they ought to be SHOULD and not MAY.

allman




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To: "Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)" <ananth@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
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(Hat on.  I just talked to Ted about this and he is in agreement with
this request, but has not seen the text I am about to type ...)

It seems to me that this discussion is really divergent because there is
no applicability statement in the document, per Lars' comment.  I wonder
if you guys could go off and generate such a statement and then we could
re-visit this question.  I think that would factor things into a
question of "where" this is applicable and then how strongly we want to
advocate these mitigations within that context.  Is that reasonable?

Thanks,
allman




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To: "Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)" <ananth@cisco.com>
From: Mark Allman <mallman@icir.org>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
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Anantha-

I have to say I am pretty drained from reading this thread and really
don't know if we have consensus on anything or are driving towards
developing it.

The one thing that really confuses me in this discussion is the
statements like this:

> Since, all these discussions about started due to TCP secure, let me
> use the same as an example. There is nothing wrong in making all
> mitigations SHOULD since the "very good reason" can be one of :-

It really seems to me that you are equating MAY and SHOULD.  It seems
like this is saying that implementers can come up with any reason to not
implement tcpsecure if we tag these with a SHOULD.  I think I understand
a number of other people's distinctions between MAY and SHOULD, but I
cannot figure out how you differentiate them and therefore I cannot
figure out why you think they ought to be SHOULD and not MAY.

allman




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(Hat on.  I just talked to Ted about this and he is in agreement with
this request, but has not seen the text I am about to type ...)

It seems to me that this discussion is really divergent because there is
no applicability statement in the document, per Lars' comment.  I wonder
if you guys could go off and generate such a statement and then we could
re-visit this question.  I think that would factor things into a
question of "where" this is applicable and then how strongly we want to
advocate these mitigations within that context.  Is that reasonable?

Thanks,
allman




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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Fri Sep 28 14:21:21 2007
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To: Tim Shepard <shep@alum.mit.edu>
From: Mark Allman <mallman@icir.org>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
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> So I ask: is BTNS succeeding such that it is a viable alternative to
> this tcpsecure draft?

The way I view the world here, this question is not particularly
germane.  This WG has taken on a work item to produce tcpsecure.  At
some point perhaps there will be a larger cross-area/WG discussion of
techniques to aid robustness in the face of spoofing and the IETF can
then puzzle through what we like and what we do not.  However, I don't
think this WG is going to make those sorts of decisions.

allman




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=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: mallman@icir.org [mailto:mallman@icir.org]=20
> Sent: Friday, September 28, 2007 11:17 AM
> To: Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)
> Cc: David Borman; Pekka Savola; tcpm@ietf.org; Fernando Gont
> Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?=20
>=20
>=20
> (Hat on.  I just talked to Ted about this and he is in=20
> agreement with this request, but has not seen the text I am=20
> about to type ...)
>=20
> It seems to me that this discussion is really divergent=20
> because there is no applicability statement in the document,=20
> per Lars' comment.  I wonder if you guys could go off and=20
> generate such a statement and then we could re-visit this=20
> question.  I think that would factor things into a question=20
> of "where" this is applicable and then how strongly we want=20
> to advocate these mitigations within that context.  Is that=20
> reasonable?

Well, if the applicability statement is needed for making some forward
progress of the draft, then we need to do it.=20

Is there any particular format which we are looking at? Lars's email, if
I remember correctly, also acknowledged the fact that not too many RFC's
in the past have had these sort of applicability statements in place. So
wondering any examples/ where to place one such ie., should it be a
separate section like "Security considerations" ?

-Anantha


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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: mallman@icir.org [mailto:mallman@icir.org]=20
> Sent: Friday, September 28, 2007 11:17 AM
> To: Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)
> Cc: David Borman; Pekka Savola; tcpm@ietf.org; Fernando Gont
> Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?=20
>=20
>=20
> Anantha-
>=20
> I have to say I am pretty drained from reading this thread=20
> and really don't know if we have consensus on anything or are=20
> driving towards developing it.

FWIW, the "majority vote" still stands at "2 SHOULDs and 1 MAY" ? So
there is some consensus, it appears.

>=20
> The one thing that really confuses me in this discussion is=20
> the statements like this:
>=20
> > Since, all these discussions about started due to TCP=20
> secure, let me=20
> > use the same as an example. There is nothing wrong in making all=20
> > mitigations SHOULD since the "very good reason" can be one of :-
>=20
> It really seems to me that you are equating MAY and SHOULD. =20

Sorry, I didn't mean to.

> It seems like this is saying that implementers can come up=20
> with any reason to not implement tcpsecure if we tag these=20
> with a SHOULD.  I think I understand a number of other=20

Yes, my thinking was always been : since it isn't a MUST, SHOULD gives
that leeway. SHOULD gives the leeway that "you can chose not to
implement if you have some good reasons". I had pointed out the list of
reasons already. So are those reasons not "good enough" ?

> people's distinctions between MAY and SHOULD, but I cannot=20
> figure out how you differentiate them and therefore I cannot=20
> figure out why you think they ought to be SHOULD and not MAY.

My argument is simple, SHOULD gives a leeway and I think MAY is very
weak. As somone pointed out MAY is equated to "MAY NOT" esp, when the
recommendation is from a security viewpoint.

-Anantha
>=20
> allman
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20


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> Well, if the applicability statement is needed for making some forward
> progress of the draft, then we need to do it.

We are certainly open to suggestions from others on alternate ways to
proceed.  But, this seems like it will tease apart the issues so that
maybe we can make some progress.

> Is there any particular format which we are looking at? Lars's email,
> if I remember correctly, also acknowledged the fact that not too many
> RFC's in the past have had these sort of applicability statements in
> place. So wondering any examples/ where to place one such ie., should
> it be a separate section like "Security considerations" ?

My advice is to find an example.  I don't have one handy.  But, do
something reasonable so that the statement stands out.  I.e., make it a
(sub-)section or indent it under the words "applicability statement" or
whatever.  Just make sure we all know where it is without having to
guess.

allman




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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Fri Sep 28 15:22:38 2007
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To: "Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)" <ananth@cisco.com>
From: Mark Allman <mallman@icir.org>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
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> > I have to say I am pretty drained from reading this thread 
> > and really don't know if we have consensus on anything or are 
> > driving towards developing it.
> 
> FWIW, the "majority vote" still stands at "2 SHOULDs and 1 MAY" ? So
> there is some consensus, it appears.

Well... we don't work on "majority vote".  We work on consensus.  Ted
and I chatted a bit ago and I think it seems pretty clear to us that we
have no consensus on this issue.  15 people 'voted' in the meeting and a
few more people have voiced opinions on the list and even if one option
is 'winning' it certainly isn't doing so with something we are
comfortable calling even 'rough consensus' right now.  People can of
course argue that we're wrong.

allman




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Subject: RE: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
Date: Fri, 28 Sep 2007 16:55:42 -0700
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=20
> > > I have to say I am pretty drained from reading this thread and=20
> > > really don't know if we have consensus on anything or are driving=20
> > > towards developing it.
> >=20
> > FWIW, the "majority vote" still stands at "2 SHOULDs and 1=20
> MAY" ? So=20
> > there is some consensus, it appears.
>=20
> Well... we don't work on "majority vote".  We work on=20
> consensus.  Ted and I chatted a bit ago and I think it seems=20
> pretty clear to us that we have no consensus on this issue. =20
> 15 people 'voted' in the meeting and a few more people have=20
> voiced opinions on the list and even if one option is=20
> 'winning' it certainly isn't doing so with something we are=20
> comfortable calling even 'rough consensus' right now.  People=20
> can of course argue that we're wrong.

In the last meeting in Chicago, it was pointed out the only pending
issue is the "strength of the mitigations". 3 choices were listed,
people picked the choices ( Careful not to use the "vote" since you
don't seem to like it :-),
So I would think the next step is to pick on whichever choice comes up
as popular and move on. I for one don't see anything wrong with that
approach.

Atleast I am missing as to what would constitute a "rough consensus" ?=20

-Anantha


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Fri Sep 28 20:26:00 2007
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To: "Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)" <ananth@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
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> In the last meeting in Chicago, it was pointed out the only pending
> issue is the "strength of the mitigations". 3 choices were listed,
> people picked the choices ( Careful not to use the "vote" since you
> don't seem to like it :-), So I would think the next step is to pick
> on whichever choice comes up as popular and move on. I for one don't
> see anything wrong with that approach.
> 
> Atleast I am missing as to what would constitute a "rough consensus" ?

First, it isn't me that doesn't like the word "vote".  It is the IETF
that doesn't take "votes".  Taking "votes" is problematic.  Take a look
at some of the IETF process documents, the Tao of the IETF, etc.  These
explain why there are not votes within the IETF and the rationale behind
the consensus process.

It seems to me that in this case it is clear that the WG is not
generally of one mind (i.e., come to consensus), with a non-trivial
number of folks wanting MAYs, SHOULDs and and/or some combination (via
picking some MAYs and some SHOULDs or using conditionals or whatever).
If you can show us that we're reading this wrong and that in fact these
folks are outliers then please do.

allman




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=20
>=20
> (FWIW, I still don't get it.  If SHOULD gives the leeway not=20
> to do something for whatever reason you can come up with then=20
> how is it really different from MAY?  I don't know .... I=20
> think there might be a distinction in your head, but I can't=20
> understand it.)

Ok, I can try a brain dump :-)

Per RFC 2119

Should is defined as :

3. SHOULD   This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", mean that there
   may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a
   particular item, but the full implications must be understood and
   carefully weighed before choosing a different course.

So, the mitigations suggested in TCP secure is RECOMMENDED to have, but
valid reasons like the ones which I pointed out may exist which can
preclude it's implementation in a particular stack. Also implications of
not adopting TCP secure is well understood since one may chose to "live"
with less robustness. Also the general feeling is that post 9/11
security has increasingly becoming important in all walks of life,
increasing robustness of a widely used protocol like TCP is not a bad
idea, so making these mitigations a SHOULD is not a big deal, IMO.

MAY is defined as :

5. MAY   This word, or the adjective "OPTIONAL", mean that an item is
   truly optional.  One vendor may choose to include the item because a
   particular marketplace requires it or because the vendor feels that
   it enhances the product while another vendor may omit the same item.

Well if we view TCP secure as a optional thing, yes it makes sense to
use MAY. I think TCP secure falls in a category above "optional" and
below MUST and hence a SHOULD.

Well, this is my thinking and I am not opposed to other's thinking, but
saying that "SHOULD doesn't give leeway not to do something", is
something which I would want to dis-agree.

Hope I am clear. Again this is purely my opinion.

-Anantha


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Mark Allman wrote:
>> In the last meeting in Chicago, it was pointed out the only pending
>> issue is the "strength of the mitigations". 3 choices were listed,
>> people picked the choices ( Careful not to use the "vote" since you
>> don't seem to like it :-), So I would think the next step is to pick
>> on whichever choice comes up as popular and move on. I for one don't
>> see anything wrong with that approach.
>>
>> Atleast I am missing as to what would constitute a "rough consensus" ?=

>=20
> First, it isn't me that doesn't like the word "vote".  It is the IETF
> that doesn't take "votes".  Taking "votes" is problematic.  Take a look=

> at some of the IETF process documents, the Tao of the IETF, etc.  These=

> explain why there are not votes within the IETF and the rationale behin=
d
> the consensus process.
>=20
> It seems to me that in this case it is clear that the WG is not
> generally of one mind (i.e., come to consensus), with a non-trivial
> number of folks wanting MAYs, SHOULDs and and/or some combination (via
> picking some MAYs and some SHOULDs or using conditionals or whatever).
> If you can show us that we're reading this wrong and that in fact these=

> folks are outliers then please do.

FWIW, there is a separate concern - current positions represent a very
small set of participants. We are talking about modifications to 793 -
whether MAY or SHOULD - and those should not be taken on the consensus
of such a small sample as is currently weighing in.

Joe


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Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
> =20
>> (FWIW, I still don't get it.  If SHOULD gives the leeway not=20
>> to do something for whatever reason you can come up with then=20
>> how is it really different from MAY?  I don't know .... I=20
>> think there might be a distinction in your head, but I can't=20
>> understand it.)
>=20
> Ok, I can try a brain dump :-)
>=20
> Per RFC 2119
>=20
> Should is defined as :
>=20
> 3. SHOULD   This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", mean that there
>    may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a
>    particular item, but the full implications must be understood and
>    carefully weighed before choosing a different course.
>=20
> So, the mitigations suggested in TCP secure is RECOMMENDED to have, but=

> valid reasons like the ones which I pointed out may exist which can
> preclude it's implementation in a particular stack. Also implications o=
f
> not adopting TCP secure is well understood since one may chose to "live=
"
> with less robustness. Also the general feeling is that post 9/11
> security has increasingly becoming important in all walks of life,
> increasing robustness of a widely used protocol like TCP is not a bad
> idea, so making these mitigations a SHOULD is not a big deal, IMO.

First, SHOULD is a very big deal. SHOULD with IPR on a core Internet
protocol is a huge deal.

Second, security is increasingly a big deal everywhere. The bigger a
deal it is, the more likely true authentication - in the form of either
IPsec, TCP/MD5, or the latter's successors - would be the appropriate
solution to protect Internet infrastructure.

The more I hear about what this document intends and why it intends it,
the less it sounds like a standards-track anything.

Joe


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Subject: RE: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?
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=20
> Second, security is increasingly a big deal everywhere. The=20
> bigger a deal it is, the more likely true authentication - in=20
> the form of either IPsec, TCP/MD5, or the latter's successors=20
> - would be the appropriate solution to protect Internet=20
> infrastructure.

TCP secure is about some modifications to make TCP robust in presense of
some spoofed segments. TCP/MD5/Ipsec etc., are security solutions which
are intended to protect TCP from a variety of cases.

> The more I hear about what this document intends and why it=20
> intends it, the less it sounds like a standards-track anything.

We are trying to focus on the strength of mitigations of the
recommendations which is the last pending issue. I think we are
digressing here from the original intent of this thread, Mark asked me
why I believe these mitigations are SHOULD and I gave my opinion.=20

-Anantha


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Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
> =20
>> Second, security is increasingly a big deal everywhere. The=20
>> bigger a deal it is, the more likely true authentication - in=20
>> the form of either IPsec, TCP/MD5, or the latter's successors=20
>> - would be the appropriate solution to protect Internet=20
>> infrastructure.
>=20
> TCP secure is about some modifications to make TCP robust in presense o=
f
> some spoofed segments. TCP/MD5/Ipsec etc., are security solutions which=

> are intended to protect TCP from a variety of cases.

TCP/MD5, and IPsec auth mode provide authentication. Authentication is
to protect TCP from spoofing.

TCPsecure protects against some spoofed TCP segments after a connection
is established.

TCP/MD5 and IPsec auth protect against all spoofed TCP segments
througout a connection's lifetime.

Fundamentally, though, all three protect against spoofing. That's what
authentication is all about.

Joe



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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Sat Sep 29 17:11:09 2007
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Subject: RE: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
Date: Sat, 29 Sep 2007 14:08:39 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
Thread-Index: AcgCL/1y4YrB2kPNQ7+ZmL3sla2VygAq0XVA
From: "Mitesh Dalal \(mdalal\)" <mdalal@cisco.com>
To: <mallman@icir.org>, "Anantha Ramaiah \(ananth\)" <ananth@cisco.com>
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FWIW, I think we need to address the fundamentals first, as echoed by
Lars, Tim and your truly
some time back. i.e. are we labeling this changes as updates to rfc793 ?
Will we clearly state
(if the document proceeds to  standards track) to state "Updates: 793"
in the title of the document ?

OR

are we looking it as an additional protocol that can be added/embedded
to TCP (although there is no handshake to signal this understanding
between the TCP peers to distinctly picture this as an option,
but a small protocol nevertheless) and does not necessarily update the
base spec ?=20

Once we hash this out, we can start the may/should/must nomenclature
consensus drive.

I may be the only voice that is unclear on this, but atleast we get to
hear how folks perceive this.

Mitesh

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Mark Allman [mailto:mallman@icir.org]=20
> Sent: Friday, September 28, 2007 5:24 PM
> To: Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)
> Cc: tcpm@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?=20
>=20
>=20
> > In the last meeting in Chicago, it was pointed out the only pending=20
> > issue is the "strength of the mitigations". 3 choices were listed,=20
> > people picked the choices ( Careful not to use the "vote" since you=20
> > don't seem to like it :-), So I would think the next step=20
> is to pick=20
> > on whichever choice comes up as popular and move on. I for=20
> one don't=20
> > see anything wrong with that approach.
> >=20
> > Atleast I am missing as to what would constitute a "rough=20
> consensus" ?
>=20
> First, it isn't me that doesn't like the word "vote".  It is=20
> the IETF that doesn't take "votes".  Taking "votes" is=20
> problematic.  Take a look at some of the IETF process=20
> documents, the Tao of the IETF, etc.  These explain why there=20
> are not votes within the IETF and the rationale behind the=20
> consensus process.
>=20
> It seems to me that in this case it is clear that the WG is=20
> not generally of one mind (i.e., come to consensus), with a=20
> non-trivial number of folks wanting MAYs, SHOULDs and and/or=20
> some combination (via picking some MAYs and some SHOULDs or=20
> using conditionals or whatever).
> If you can show us that we're reading this wrong and that in=20
> fact these folks are outliers then please do.
>=20
> allman
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Sat Sep 29 17:21:50 2007
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Mitesh Dalal (mdalal) wrote:
> FWIW, I think we need to address the fundamentals first, as echoed by
> Lars, Tim and your truly
> some time back. i.e. are we labeling this changes as updates to rfc793 =
?
> Will we clearly state
> (if the document proceeds to  standards track) to state "Updates: 793"
> in the title of the document ?
> OR
>=20
> are we looking it as an additional protocol that can be added/embedded
> to TCP (although there is no handshake to signal this understanding
> between the TCP peers to distinctly picture this as an option,
> but a small protocol nevertheless) and does not necessarily update the
> base spec ?=20

Whether this is a small change or not is irrelevant to whether it
updates TCP's rules for handling segments. All modifications to TCP
segment processing events update 793 - whether they are standards track
or experimental.

An "additional protocol" could not change any TCP headers, TCP endpoint
state, *or* TCP segment handling events.

I remain confused at this sort of question coming up at all. If this is
not a change to TCP, at the very least it is being discussed in the
wrong working group.

Joe

>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Mark Allman [mailto:mallman@icir.org]=20
>> Sent: Friday, September 28, 2007 5:24 PM
>> To: Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)
>> Cc: tcpm@ietf.org
>> Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend?=20
>>
>>
>>> In the last meeting in Chicago, it was pointed out the only pending=20
>>> issue is the "strength of the mitigations". 3 choices were listed,=20
>>> people picked the choices ( Careful not to use the "vote" since you=20
>>> don't seem to like it :-), So I would think the next step=20
>> is to pick=20
>>> on whichever choice comes up as popular and move on. I for=20
>> one don't=20
>>> see anything wrong with that approach.
>>>
>>> Atleast I am missing as to what would constitute a "rough=20
>> consensus" ?
>>
>> First, it isn't me that doesn't like the word "vote".  It is=20
>> the IETF that doesn't take "votes".  Taking "votes" is=20
>> problematic.  Take a look at some of the IETF process=20
>> documents, the Tao of the IETF, etc.  These explain why there=20
>> are not votes within the IETF and the rationale behind the=20
>> consensus process.
>>
>> It seems to me that in this case it is clear that the WG is=20
>> not generally of one mind (i.e., come to consensus), with a=20
>> non-trivial number of folks wanting MAYs, SHOULDs and and/or=20
>> some combination (via picking some MAYs and some SHOULDs or=20
>> using conditionals or whatever).
>> If you can show us that we're reading this wrong and that in=20
>> fact these folks are outliers then please do.
>>
>> allman
>>
>>
>>
>>
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> tcpm mailing list
> tcpm@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Sat Sep 29 21:04:59 2007
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To: "Mitesh Dalal (mdalal)" <mdalal@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] tcpsecure: how strong to recommend? 
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Hat off ... personal opinion ...

> i.e. are we labeling this changes as updates to rfc793 ?  Will we
> clearly state (if the document proceeds to standards track) to state
> "Updates: 793" in the title of the document ?
> 
> OR
> 
> are we looking it as an additional protocol that can be added/embedded
> to TCP (although there is no handshake to signal this understanding
> between the TCP peers to distinctly picture this as an option, but a
> small protocol nevertheless) and does not necessarily update the base
> spec ?

I cannot understand how this can be viewed as 'an additional protocol'.
That seems nonsensical to me.  To my way of thinking the mitigations in
the tcpsecure document **change** the previously specified response to
certain packets and therefore tcpsecure is necessarily an **update**.
Maybe its just me ...

allman




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=20
> >=20
> > TCP secure is about some modifications to make TCP robust=20
> in presense=20
> > of some spoofed segments. TCP/MD5/Ipsec etc., are security=20
> solutions=20
> > which are intended to protect TCP from a variety of cases.
>=20
> TCP/MD5, and IPsec auth mode provide authentication.=20
> Authentication is to protect TCP from spoofing.
>=20
> TCPsecure protects against some spoofed TCP segments after a=20
> connection is established.
>=20
> TCP/MD5 and IPsec auth protect against all spoofed TCP=20
> segments througout a connection's lifetime.
>=20
> Fundamentally, though, all three protect against spoofing.=20
> That's what authentication is all about.

I will have to dis-agree to this since my viewpoint is different. TCP
secure adds robustness to the processing of certain TCP segments, which
in turn helps to counter *some* spoofing attacks. Calling it as an
authentication scheme seems too far-fetched.

WHEREAS=20

TCP MD5, IPsec etc., are meant to be wholesome authentication schemes.
Also this requires additional complexity in both software and hardware.

Putting TCP secure and Ipsec in the same page beats me completely.

-Anantha


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Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
> =20
>>> TCP secure is about some modifications to make TCP robust=20
>> in presense=20
>>> of some spoofed segments. TCP/MD5/Ipsec etc., are security=20
>> solutions=20
>>> which are intended to protect TCP from a variety of cases.
>> TCP/MD5, and IPsec auth mode provide authentication.=20
>> Authentication is to protect TCP from spoofing.
>>
>> TCPsecure protects against some spoofed TCP segments after a=20
>> connection is established.
>>
>> TCP/MD5 and IPsec auth protect against all spoofed TCP=20
>> segments througout a connection's lifetime.
>>
>> Fundamentally, though, all three protect against spoofing.=20
>> That's what authentication is all about.
>=20
> I will have to dis-agree to this since my viewpoint is different. TCP
> secure adds robustness to the processing of certain TCP segments, which=

> in turn helps to counter *some* spoofing attacks. Calling it as an
> authentication scheme seems too far-fetched.

You are making an assertion about whether you believe the packet is
spoofed or not based on its content matching what you expect from the
true endpoint.

That is called authentication. Weak, but still authentication.

> WHEREAS=20
>=20
> TCP MD5, IPsec etc., are meant to be wholesome authentication schemes.
> Also this requires additional complexity in both software and hardware.=


In EITHER hardware or software. Neither one requires hardware. The level
of additional complexity is commensurate with the level of protection
they afford.

Joe


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=20
> > I will have to dis-agree to this since my viewpoint is=20
> different. TCP=20
> > secure adds robustness to the processing of certain TCP segments,=20
> > which in turn helps to counter *some* spoofing attacks.=20
> Calling it as=20
> > an authentication scheme seems too far-fetched.
>=20
> You are making an assertion about whether you believe the=20
> packet is spoofed or not based on its content matching what=20
> you expect from the true endpoint.
>=20
> That is called authentication. Weak, but still authentication.

I am uncomfortable calling TCP secure as an authentication scheme. I
would love to hear what others have to say on this.

>=20
> > WHEREAS
> >=20
> > TCP MD5, IPsec etc., are meant to be wholesome=20
> authentication schemes.
> > Also this requires additional complexity in both software=20
> and hardware.
>=20
> In EITHER hardware or software. Neither one requires=20
> hardware. The level of additional complexity is commensurate=20
> with the level of protection they afford.

Agreed. Actually, I wanted to say "it may require hardware assist"=20

-Anantha


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