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To: MURALI BASHYAM <murali_bashyam@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: Summary of responses so far and proposal
	moving	forward[WasRe:[tcpm] Is this a problem?]
References: <354788.4675.qm@web31710.mail.mud.yahoo.com>
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MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
=2E..
> The issue here is that TCP cannot inform the application and have the=20
> application initiate the abort, because it is  not necessary that the a=
pplication has that connection state=20
> around anymore, it could have been destroyed already, i've alluded to  =
this issue before.=20

And I have already shown how to address it - SO_LINGER.

In the case of a Unix close() call, this can be used to cause close() to
 block until either the graceful shutdown completes (i.e., all data is
sent and ack'd, and the other end closes) OR a timer expires.

SO_LINGER already supports a timer for this purpose.

Can we please stop trying to add to TCP that which ***ALREADY*** exists
in the implementation?

Joe


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From: MURALI BASHYAM <murali_bashyam@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: Summary of responses so far and proposal moving
	forward[WasRe:[tcpm] Is this a problem?]
To: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
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----- Original Message ----
> From: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
> To: MURALI BASHYAM <murali_bashyam@yahoo.com>
> Cc: David Borman <david.borman@windriver.com>; Anantha Ramaiah <ananth@cisco.com>; TCP Maintenance and Minor Extensions WG <tcpm@ietf.org>
> Sent: Friday, November 30, 2007 10:31:50 PM
> Subject: Re: Summary of responses so far and proposal moving forward[WasRe:[tcpm] Is this a problem?]
> 
> 
> 
> MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
> ...
> > The issue here is that TCP cannot inform the application and have
> the
> 
 
> > application initiate the abort, because it is  not necessary that
> the
> 
 application has that connection state 
> > around anymore, it could have been destroyed already, i've alluded
> to
> 
  this issue before. 
> 
> And I have already shown how to address it - SO_LINGER.
> 
> In the case of a Unix close() call, this can be used to cause
> close()
> 
 to
>  block until either the graceful shutdown completes (i.e., all data is
> sent and ack'd, and the other end closes) OR a timer expires.
> 
> SO_LINGER already supports a timer for this purpose.
> 
> Can we please stop trying to add to TCP that which ***ALREADY*** exists
> in the implementation?

Turning SO_LINGER on causes the application to pay a penalty in the normal
scenario, where the close call will block even with a legitimate receiver (or a slow
network). This is precisely why applications do not use it, it ties up resources 
unnecessarily, and how about applications that want non-blocking semantics?. High
performance applications care about non-blocking semantics.

Let's stop recommending to applications how to use the 
socket layer, we have to approach this in a manner that doesn't question or change
their socket layer usage model. Application changes should be incremental and not
disruptive, that's the idea of doing this in the transport layer in the first place.



> 
> Joe
> 
> 




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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Sun Dec 02 12:05:23 2007
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	forward[WasRe:[tcpm] Is this a problem?]
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MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
=2E..
>>
>> MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
>> ...
>>> The issue here is that TCP cannot inform the application and have the=

>>> application initiate the abort, because it is  not necessary that
>>> the application has that connection state around anymore, it
>>> could have been destroyed already, i've alluded to this issue
>>> before.
>>=20
>> And I have already shown how to address it - SO_LINGER.
>>=20
>> In the case of a Unix close() call, this can be used to cause=20
>> close() to block until either the graceful shutdown completes
>> (i.e., all data is sent and ack'd, and the other end closes) OR a
>> timer expires.
>>
>> SO_LINGER already supports a timer for this purpose.
>>
>> Can we please stop trying to add to TCP that which ***ALREADY*** exist=
s
>> in the implementation?
>=20
> Turning SO_LINGER on causes the application to pay a penalty in the nor=
mal
> scenario, where the close call will block even with a legitimate receiv=
er (or a slow
> network). This is precisely why applications do not use it, it ties up =
resources=20
> unnecessarily, and how about applications that want non-blocking semant=
ics?. High
> performance applications care about non-blocking semantics.

Modern applications programmers are aware of multithreading.

You can either leave the app around watching the connection, or offload
that to a socket library - i.e., a SOCKET timer (note - note a protocol
timer).

> Let's stop recommending to applications how to use the=20
> socket layer, we have to approach this in a manner that doesn't questio=
n or change
> their socket layer usage model.

But you want to change their protocol interface model instead?

> Application changes should be incremental and not
> disruptive, that's the idea of doing this in the transport layer in the=
 first place.

Applications should have changed long ago. Some definitely need to catch
up. There is no way to handle DOS attacks with legacy applications
written in a legacy manner.

Joe


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Subject: Re: Summary of responses so far and proposal moving
	forward[WasRe:[tcpm] Is this a problem?]
To: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
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----- Original Message ----
> From: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
> To: MURALI BASHYAM <murali_bashyam@yahoo.com>
> Cc: David Borman <david.borman@windriver.com>; Anantha Ramaiah <ananth@cisco.com>; TCP Maintenance and Minor Extensions WG <tcpm@ietf.org>
> Sent: Sunday, December 2, 2007 9:04:41 AM
> Subject: Re: Summary of responses so far and proposal moving forward[WasRe:[tcpm] Is this a problem?]
> 
> 
> 
> MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
> ...
> >>
> >> MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
> >> ...
> >>> The issue here is that TCP cannot inform the application and
> have
> 
 the
> >>> application initiate the abort, because it is  not necessary that
> >>> the application has that connection state around anymore, it
> >>> could have been destroyed already, i've alluded to this issue
> >>> before.
> >> 
> >> And I have already shown how to address it - SO_LINGER.
> >> 
> >> In the case of a Unix close() call, this can be used to cause 
> >> close() to block until either the graceful shutdown completes
> >> (i.e., all data is sent and ack'd, and the other end closes) OR a
> >> timer expires.
> >>
> >> SO_LINGER already supports a timer for this purpose.
> >>
> >> Can we please stop trying to add to TCP that which
> ***ALREADY***
> 
 exists
> >> in the implementation?
> > 
> > Turning SO_LINGER on causes the application to pay a penalty in
> the
> 
 normal
> > scenario, where the close call will block even with a
> legitimate
> 
 receiver (or a slow
> > network). This is precisely why applications do not use it, it
> ties
> 
 up resources 
> > unnecessarily, and how about applications that want
> non-blocking
> 
 semantics?. High
> > performance applications care about non-blocking semantics.
> 
> Modern applications programmers are aware of multithreading.
> 
> You can either leave the app around watching the connection, or offload
> that to a socket library - i.e., a SOCKET timer (note - note a protocol
> timer).
> 
> > Let's stop recommending to applications how to use the 
> > socket layer, we have to approach this in a manner that
> doesn't
> 
 question or change
> > their socket layer usage model.
> 
> But you want to change their protocol interface model instead?
> 
> > Application changes should be incremental and not
> > disruptive, that's the idea of doing this in the transport layer
> in
> 
 the first place.
> 
> Applications should have changed long ago. Some definitely need
> to
> 
 catch
> up. There is no way to handle DOS attacks with legacy applications
> written in a legacy manner.

I think you missed my point, let me explain. Application here does NOT care
about reliable delivery of data to the peer after it has closed the connection.
Hence SO_LINGER is out. Web behaves this way and by any standards it is not a legacy
application.  

Can you explain why an application should keep a connection or socket state around 
after it has closed the connection AND it does not care about reliable delivery of data to the peer?
If it did, they would be using SO_LINGER already, hence my comment about not making
socket layer usage recommendations to the app. Even in this scenario, it's important
that *****TCP**** does not run out of connection and buffer resources, however.

I think the key point this issue illustrates is that it is TCP's resources which are under attack
here, and not the application's. I think this distinction has emerged in this email thread 
a while back, and i don't think there is any disagreement abt it.

In most modern systems, these are managed as distinct resources and TCP resources (read
connection memory and buffer memory) can get starved with app resources available in plenty.
If application resources are under attack, that's application responsibility, of course.

Murali

> 
> Joe
> 
> 




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	forward[WasRe:[tcpm] Is this a problem?]
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MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
=2E..
>> Applications should have changed long ago. Some definitely need to
>> catch up. There is no way to handle DOS attacks with legacy
>> applications written in a legacy manner.
>=20
> I think you missed my point, let me explain. Application here does NOT =
care
> about reliable delivery of data to the peer after it has closed the con=
nection.
> Hence SO_LINGER is out. Web behaves this way and by any standards it is=
 not a legacy
> application. =20

By your metrics, so are any modifications of the TCP API that require
rewriting the app. Web servers have been multithreaded for a long time -
and even reuse threads to avoid thread creation (see Apache).

> Can you explain why an application should keep a connection or socket s=
tate around=20
> after it has closed the connection AND it does not care about reliable =
delivery of data to the peer?

If it doesn't care about reliable delivery, why did it use TCP? Why
didn't it ABORT the connection instead of CLOSE?

Your example is inconsistent; if you care about reliable delivery AND
you care about resource attacks you stick around. If you don't, you are
susceptible to DOS attacks.

> If it did, they would be using SO_LINGER already, hence my comment abou=
t not making
> socket layer usage recommendations to the app. Even in this scenario, i=
t's important
> that *****TCP**** does not run out of connection and buffer resources, =
however.

TCP doesn't have resources. The OS does.

> I think the key point this issue illustrates is that it is TCP's resour=
ces which are under attack
> here, and not the application's. I think this distinction has emerged i=
n this email thread=20
> a while back, and i don't think there is any disagreement abt it.

There have been a few of us who believe that the resources under attack
are the OS's, not TCP, and then there are the authors - who believe
otherwise.

> In most modern systems, these are managed as distinct resources and TCP=
 resources (read
> connection memory and buffer memory) can get starved with app resources=
 available in plenty.
> If application resources are under attack, that's application responsib=
ility, of course.

An app IS under attack when its connections are attacked.

Joe


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_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm

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Subject: Re: Summary of responses so far and proposal moving
	forward[WasRe:[tcpm] Is this a problem?]
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----- Original Message ----
> From: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
> To: MURALI BASHYAM <murali_bashyam@yahoo.com>
> Cc: David Borman <david.borman@windriver.com>; Anantha Ramaiah <ananth@cisco.com>; TCP Maintenance and Minor Extensions WG <tcpm@ietf.org>
> Sent: Sunday, December 2, 2007 10:32:52 AM
> Subject: Re: Summary of responses so far and proposal moving forward[WasRe:[tcpm] Is this a problem?]
> 
> 
> 
> MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
> ...
> >> Applications should have changed long ago. Some definitely need to
> >> catch up. There is no way to handle DOS attacks with legacy
> >> applications written in a legacy manner.
> > 
> > I think you missed my point, let me explain. Application here
> does
> 
 NOT care
> > about reliable delivery of data to the peer after it has closed
> the
> 
 connection.
> > Hence SO_LINGER is out. Web behaves this way and by any standards
> it
> 
 is not a legacy
> > application.  
> 
> By your metrics, so are any modifications of the TCP API that require
> rewriting the app. Web servers have been multithreaded for a long
> time
> 
 -
> and even reuse threads to avoid thread creation (see Apache).
> 
> > Can you explain why an application should keep a connection or
> socket
> 
 state around 
> > after it has closed the connection AND it does not care
> about
> 
 reliable delivery of data to the peer?
> 
> If it doesn't care about reliable delivery, why did it use TCP? Why
> didn't it ABORT the connection instead of CLOSE?

Reliable delivery is important to the application, but for it to introduce blocking semantics
on close and hold up connection resources when 99% of the time data is delivered reliably, 
is not an acceptable trade-off. For high speed web servers, this is an important requirement.

> 
> Your example is inconsistent; if you care about reliable delivery AND
> you care about resource attacks you stick around. If you don't, you are
> susceptible to DOS attacks.
> 
> > If it did, they would be using SO_LINGER already, hence my
> comment
> 
 about not making
> > socket layer usage recommendations to the app. Even in this
> scenario,
> 
 it's important
> > that *****TCP**** does not run out of connection and
> buffer
> 
 resources, however.
> 
> TCP doesn't have resources. The OS does.

TCP borrows resources from the OS, just like any other entity in the system does. 
TCP is the one that knows how to proportion resources among its connections,
elephants vs mice, well-behaved vs malicious receivers etc.
How do you expect the OS to handle this? And handle it properly?

> 
> > I think the key point this issue illustrates is that it is
> TCP's
> 
 resources which are under attack
> > here, and not the application's. I think this distinction has
> emerged
> 
 in this email thread 
> > a while back, and i don't think there is any disagreement abt it.
> 
> There have been a few of us who believe that the resources under attack
> are the OS's, not TCP, and then there are the authors - who believe
> otherwise.

Not necessarily, by that token, so is SYN flood attack on connection memory, and it is
the OS that's responsible for memory management, isn';t it?. Isn't that an OS issue?

Every protocol attack and vulnerability can be regarded as an OS issue, to keep the protocol designer's
life simple :-), that's a poor argument. Another TCP attack is out of order reassembly vulnerability, holding large
number of buffers in the out of order queue waiting for the in order segments to arrive.
Sure, from an OS perspective there are  a large number of buffers being held up in the
TCP's queues, does that make it a OS issue? It's protocol vulnerabilities and loopholes
 that's being exploited here. Protocol designers have a responsibility to think about resource lifetimes
during protocol design, TCP is no exception to it. That's just good protocol design 101.

> 
> > In most modern systems, these are managed as distinct resources
> and
> 
 TCP resources (read
> > connection memory and buffer memory) can get starved with
> app
> 
 resources available in plenty.
> > If application resources are under attack, that's
> application
> 
 responsibility, of course.
> 
> An app IS under attack when its connections are attacked.

I agree, the app is under attack too, but the question is who has the visibility to manage this
better and under ALL circumstances without impacting performance under normal conditions. To manage this vulnerability caused by a requirement in the TCP protocol, it's not a good idea to ask the application to enable SO_LINGER, when the app has made 
a conscious decision not do so in the interest of performance.  

Can you think of WHY this shouldn't be done in TCP, with the go-ahead from the application via a socket
option and/or globally by the adminstrator? I've asked this question quite a few times, and i've not received a satisfactory answer from the list so far, i've heard responses 
  a) that it is too risky for TCP to do this,
  b) that it's a flawed application that's causing this, 
  c) that the OS has failed its responsibility to manage resources, 

None of these are convincing, when we all agree that it's a protocol vulnerability being exploited by the attacker. Let's just fix the protocol.

Murali


> 
> Joe
> 
> 




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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Sun Dec 02 15:16:51 2007
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MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
=2E..
> Can you think of WHY this shouldn't be done in TCP, with the go-ahead f=
rom the application via a socket
> option and/or globally by the adminstrator?=20

That would be an implementation decision, which is fine.

However, I don't agree that any of this needs to be explained further.
RFCs are not substitute for undergraduate background in OS and socket
programming techniques.

> I've asked this question quite a few times, and i've not received a sat=
isfactory answer from the list so far, i've heard responses=20
>   a) that it is too risky for TCP to do this,
>   b) that it's a flawed application that's causing this,=20
>   c) that the OS has failed its responsibility to manage resources,=20
>=20
> None of these are convincing,

We understand that none of this is convincing you. I don't think you
appreciate that it is you who have not convinced us yet that this is NOT
one of the above.

> when we all agree that it's a protocol vulnerability being exploited by=
 the attacker.=20

We never agreed to that; in fact, many of us feel that this is a
protocol feature that you have shown an artificial attack against which
is not necessarily more of a vulnerability than many other attacks
against other TCP features.

In short, you have not shown a problem that needs to be fixed in TCP yet.=


Joe


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----- Original Message ----
> From: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
> To: MURALI BASHYAM <murali_bashyam@yahoo.com>
> Cc: David Borman <david.borman@windriver.com>; Anantha Ramaiah <ananth@cisco.com>; TCP Maintenance and Minor Extensions WG <tcpm@ietf.org>
> Sent: Sunday, December 2, 2007 12:15:37 PM
> Subject: Re: Summary of responses so far and proposal moving forward[WasRe:[tcpm] Is this a problem?]
> 
> 
> 
> MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
> ...
> > Can you think of WHY this shouldn't be done in TCP, with the
> go-ahead
> 
 from the application via a socket
> > option and/or globally by the adminstrator? 
> 
> That would be an implementation decision, which is fine.
> 
> However, I don't agree that any of this needs to be explained further.
> RFCs are not substitute for undergraduate background in OS and socket
> programming techniques.
> 
> > I've asked this question quite a few times, and i've not received
> a
> 
 satisfactory answer from the list so far, i've heard responses 
> >   a) that it is too risky for TCP to do this,
> >   b) that it's a flawed application that's causing this, 
> >   c) that the OS has failed its responsibility to manage resources, 
> > 
> > None of these are convincing,
> 
> We understand that none of this is convincing you. I don't think you
> appreciate that it is you who have not convinced us yet that this
> is
> 
 NOT
> one of the above.
> 
> > when we all agree that it's a protocol vulnerability being
> exploited
> 
 by the attacker. 
> 
> We never agreed to that; in fact, many of us feel that this is a
> protocol feature that you have shown an artificial attack against which
> is not necessarily more of a vulnerability than many other attacks
> against other TCP features.

Explain to me specifically and clearly what the INDEFINITE wait in that ZWP state buys for the protocol or the application. Emphasis on the word INDEFINITE, i.e your arguments cannot relying on using a finite value to limit that duration. We know what its fallouts are. Where is the justification for making it INDEFINITE? The document doesn't give me enough justification for why it made that decision.


Murali

> 
> In short, you have not shown a problem that needs to be fixed in
> TCP
> 
 yet.
> 
> Joe
> 
> 




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From: MURALI BASHYAM <murali_bashyam@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: Summary of responses so far and proposal moving forward[WasRe:
	[tcpm] Is this a problem?]
To: David Borman <david.borman@windriver.com>
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----- Original Message ----
> From: David Borman <david.borman@windriver.com>
> To: MURALI BASHYAM <murali_bashyam@yahoo.com>
> Cc: TCP Maintenance and Minor Extensions WG <tcpm@ietf.org>; Joe Touch <touch@isi.edu>; Mark Allman <mallman@icir.org>
> Sent: Thursday, November 29, 2007 9:09:29 AM
> Subject: Re: Summary of responses so far and proposal moving forward[WasRe: [tcpm] Is this a problem?]
> 
> 
> On Nov 28, 2007, at 7:32 PM, MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
> ...
> > The second aspect is the ability of the application to explicitly  
> > cause the TCP connection
> > to leave the ZWP state at the specified time independent of  
> > available resources. There are
> > applications where having this level of control over the TCP  
> > connection makes sense (web, game servers).
> > But aborting this connection with trigger from TCP or OS or  
> > application is a protocol violation, i don't buy the fact
> > that if the OS does it, it's not a violation, that's what i was  
> > referring to as pure wordplay.
> 
> Fine.  Call it wordplay.  There's nothing wrong with that, because
> you
> 
  
> *have* to get the words right.  You have to be crisp on the protocol  
> definition.  The implementation can blur the boundaries, but the  
> protocol definition can't.   The aborting of a connection (whether in  
> persist or any other state) when the other side is alive and  
> responding has to be done by the application.  TCP should not be
> doing
> 
  
> that without direct instructions from the application.  Whether that  
> is done directly by the application by using the existing abort or  
> user timeout interface, or whether a new interface is defined to
> allow
> 
  
> the application tells the OS to run a timer and abort the connection  
> when the timer goes off, it is still being done under the direction
> of
> 
  
> the application.
> 
> 
> > A protocol is a contract between the sender and receiver here, and  
> > the contract defines the wire
> > behaviour.
> 
> The TCP protocol is what is defined in RFC 793/1122, and any other  
> RFCs that are applicable.  It is more than just the wire behavior.
> 
> 
> > I care about the wire behaviour of the
> > connection, and if i observe the behaviour of the connection in the  
> > ZWP state prior to this change, i see
> > ACKs and probes exchanged infinitely. With this change (no matter  
> > who does it, OS, app, TCP), i see
> > ACKs and probes being exchanged for some time, followed by a RST  
> > segment to abort the connection.
> >
> > Do you agree that if we do the latter without changing the wording  
> > of RFC1122, it's a protocol
> > violation?
> > My claim all along has been that it is.
> 
> There already exists two mechanisms for the application to abort a  
> connection, directly with the abort interface, or indirectly with the  
> user timeout on the send interface, and you will get the same wire  
> behavior, a connection in persist state gets aborted.
> 
> The only protocol problem here is to have TCP abort a connection in  
> ZWP state without the application having first explicitly asked for  
> that to happen.  And if you need a new interface to provide that  
> functionality, then that will be a change to the TCP protocol.
> 
> The OS freeing up resources when they run out by doing things like  
> aborting connections is not a protocol violation, because it isn't
> TCP
> 
  
> making that decision.  Take that to the extreme, and you'd be arguing  
> that the system crashing is a TCP protocol violation, and that's just  
> silly.
> 
> >
> >
> > If we agree that it's a violation, then it's a standards track  
> > nature of draft.
> 
> If it changes TCP, in this case adding a new User/TCP interface, then  
> it should be on the standards track.

I agree with your suggestions, a new User/TCP interface is needed to enable the ZWP timer specificially, 
and  have TCP inform the app to ensure  that we limit the duration of the connection in the ZWP state. 
It's upto the application to enable the timer and take the abort action when the timer expires. But TCP will have to take abort action in the scenario where the application has already closed the connection.

A separate document (informational) can be written to describe how the application can use the new interface, and also discuss the DoS implications of the ZWP state and provide recommendations on a solution and what it needs to accomplish. 

Ted, Mark : What do you think?

Murali


> 
>             -David Borman
> 
> 




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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Sun Dec 02 16:37:56 2007
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From: Sally Floyd <sallyfloyd@mac.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Dec 2007 13:37:59 -0800
To: Bob Briscoe <rbriscoe@jungle.bt.co.uk>
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Subject: [tcpm] Re: draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-03.txt backwards compatibility
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To Bob and the working group:

The discussion with Bob Briscoe concerns the following paragraph in
the ECN/SYN draft:

The discussion with Bob Briscoe concerns the following paragraph in
Section 4 of the ECN/SYN draft:

    Backwards compatibility:
    In order for TCP node B to send a SYN/ACK packet as ECN-Capable, node
    B must have received an ECN-setup SYN packet from node A.  However,
    it is possible that node A supports ECN, but either ignores the CE
    codepoint on received SYN/ACK packets, or ignores SYN/ACK packets
    with the ECT or CE codepoint set.  If the TCP initiator ignores the
    CE codepoint on received SYN/ACK packets, this would mean that the
    TCP responder would not respond to this congestion indication.
    However, this seems to us an acceptable cost to pay in the
    incremental deployment of ECN-Capability for TCP's SYN/ACK packets.
    It would mean that the responder would not reduce the initial
    congestion window from two, three, or four segments down to one
    segment, as it should.  However, the TCP end nodes would still
    respond correctly to any subsequent CE indications on data packets
    later on in the connection.  Thus, to be explicit, when a TCP
    connection includes an initiator that supports ECN but *does not*
    support ECN-Capability for SYN/ACK packets, in combination with a
    responder that *does* support ECN-Capabililty for SYN/ACK packets, it
    is quite possible that the ECN-Capable SYN/ACK packets will be marked
    rather than dropped in the network, and that the responder will not
    learn about the ECN mark on the SYN/ACK packet.

There are three choices:

(1) Leave it as it is, and accept it that sometimes, as a cost of
incemental deployment, a SYN/ACK packet would be ECN-marked, and the
originator, with an older TCP implementation (ECN-capable, but not
understanding ECN-marked SYN/ACK packets), would ignore the ECN mark
on the SYN/ACK packet.

(I don't know what the Microsoft, Max OS X, and Linux ECN 
implementations
do about ECN-marked SYN/ACK packets, but I would assume that they
ignore the ECN marks on SYN/ACK packets...)

(2) Use one of the four remaining TCP header flags.  On a SYN packet,
the flag would mean ECN-SYN ("I want to use ECN, and I understand
ECN-marked SYN/ACK packets").  On a packet other than a SYN packet,
the TCP flag could be used for something else.  The responder already
has to look at the TCP header flags to learn that the originator
is ECN-capable, so looking at one more flag should not be a problem.

(3) Use a two-byte ECN-SYN TCP option on SYN packets, meaning "I
understand ECN-marked SYN/ACK packets."  There is at most 40 bytes
for TCP options, and other options that might be carried by SYN
packets include Sack Permitted (2 bytes), MSS (4 bytes), Window
Scale (3 bytes), Timestamp (10 bytes).


The downside of (1) is that during congestion, SYN-ACK packets
could be ECN-marked rather than dropped, and the TCP response
might never find out about the ECN-mark on the SYN-ACK packet.
This could happen if the TCP originator uses an old ECN-Capable
TCP implementation that doesn't response to ECN marks on
incoming SYN/ACK packets, and the congested link has ECN enabled.

The downside of (2) and (3) is that the TCP flag or TCP option
would have to be used in perpetuity, long after all ECN-capable
TCP implementations were updated to respond to incoming ECN-marked
SYN/ACK packets.  This would be a drag for (3), but less of a drag
for (2) - the cost of using one of the four remaining header flags
might be an acceptable cost.


So would the working group like us to use a TCP header flag for this,
or not?

This is scheduled for a 5-minute slot at TCMP on Tuesday, so we
can discuss it then.

- Sally
http://www.icir.org/floyd/



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Subject: Re: Summary of responses so far and proposal moving
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On Dec 2, 2007, at 2:29 PM, MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
> ----- Original Message ----
>> From: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
...
>> We never agreed to that; in fact, many of us feel that this is a
>> protocol feature that you have shown an artificial attack against  
>> which
>> is not necessarily more of a vulnerability than many other attacks
>> against other TCP features.
>
> Explain to me specifically and clearly what the INDEFINITE wait in  
> that ZWP state buys for the protocol or the application. Emphasis on  
> the word INDEFINITE, i.e your arguments cannot relying on using a  
> finite value to limit that duration. We know what its fallouts are.  
> Where is the justification for making it INDEFINITE? The document  
> doesn't give me enough justification for why it made that decision.

It's called robustness; that's what it buys you.  As long as a TCP  
session is up and responding, TCP does not abort it.  And an  
indefinite wait doesn't mean it'll never end, it just means you don't  
know *when* it is going to end.
			-David Borman



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I have some slides for discussing ECN-SYN in Vancouver
next week.

The slides for ECN-SYN are at:
http://www.icir.org/floyd/talks/ecnsyn-dec07.pdf
http://www.icir.org/floyd/talks/ecnsyn-dec07.ppt

The slides for ACKCC are at:
http://www.icir.org/floyd/talks/ackcc-dec07.pdf
http://www.icir.org/floyd/talks/ackcc-dec07.ps

Many thanks.

(There is always the chance that these will be
modified before Tuesday...)

- Sally
http://www.icir.org/floyd/



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I have a few comments/questions...

---
1) SMSS
- I think the document should also refer to PLPMTUD as a valid 
IETF-specified way to choose a segment size.
---
2) RMSS
- The wording in the draft is not clear  whether this is an upper bound 
to the SMSS, or just one of many ways to discover a sensible SMSS.
- Is the default RMSS still 536 bytes also for IPv6, since [RFC1122]
does not apply in this context to IPv6.
---
3) ECN
- The document speaks only of loss, but I'm assuming that this applies
equally to ECN. If that is so, perhaps we should explicitly say so up-front.
---

My other comments duplicated some of those already sent:-)

Gorry



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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Mon Dec 03 00:57:08 2007
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MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
=2E..
>>> when we all agree that it's a protocol vulnerability being
>> exploited
>>
>  by the attacker.=20
>> We never agreed to that; in fact, many of us feel that this is a
>> protocol feature that you have shown an artificial attack against whic=
h
>> is not necessarily more of a vulnerability than many other attacks
>> against other TCP features.
>=20
> Explain to me specifically and clearly what the INDEFINITE wait in
> that ZWP state buys for the protocol or the application. Emphasis on th=
e
> word INDEFINITE, i.e your arguments cannot relying on using a finite
> value to limit that duration. We know what its fallouts are. Where is
> the justification for making it INDEFINITE? The document doesn't give m=
e
> enough justification for why it made that decision.

We've explained the reason for indefinite ZWP multiple times. To repeat
it here, TCP is allowed - explicitly - to permit the receiving
application to stall the transfer of data until its application is ready
to receive it. There is no limit on how long that can take; that has
been already described as a *feature* of TCP on this list.

You may disagree with this reason. However, the burden of proof of why
this is NOT appropriate is on you, since the above is how TCP is already
designed, and it is you who consider this an issue.

joe


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MURALI BASHYAM wrote:
=2E..
>>> If we agree that it's a violation, then it's a standards track =20
>>> nature of draft.
>> If it changes TCP, in this case adding a new User/TCP interface, then =
=20
>> it should be on the standards track.
>=20
> I agree with your suggestions, a new User/TCP interface is needed to
> enable the ZWP timer specificially, and  have TCP inform the app to
> ensure  that we limit the duration of the connection in the ZWP
> state. It's upto the application to enable the timer and take the
> abort action when the timer expires. But TCP will have to take abort
> action in the scenario where the application has already closed the
> connection.
>=20
> A separate document (informational) can be written to describe how
> the application can use the new interface, and also discuss the DoS
> implications of the ZWP state and provide recommendations on a
> solution and what it needs to accomplish.

It might be more useful to write a single document. That doc should
focus on the first item above - convincing the WG to agree this is a
"violation" or requires a TCP-level solution. It would also explain why
considering this a DOS attack that needs to be prevented is useful.

Ultimately, *IF* we agree to change TCP, then that doc would be expanded
to include the TCP interface changes and application use example. It
should also include solutions that do not change the TCP interface,
since it would be unlikely this would be a required immediate change
even if it were to go forward.

Joe


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Information for today's TCPM meeting ....

  Audio for the TCPM meeting:
  
    http://videolab.uoregon.edu/events/ietf/

  Meeting materials:
  
    https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/70/materials.html

  Jabber chat room:
  
    tcpm@jabber.ietf.org

I haven't gotten all the slides yet, but I will post them as they roll
in.

allman




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Gorry-

Thanks for the comments.

> ---
> 1) SMSS
> - I think the document should also refer to PLPMTUD as a valid
> IETF-specified way to choose a segment size.

Fair enough.  I am adding a reference.

> ---
> 2) RMSS
> - The wording in the draft is not clear  whether this is an upper
> bound to the SMSS, or just one of many ways to discover a sensible
> SMSS.

The latter.  I guess I am not quite sure what to do with this comment.

> - Is the default RMSS still 536 bytes also for IPv6, since [RFC1122]
> does not apply in this context to IPv6.

I think so.  Are you suggesting here that we specify a different value
when we're going over IPv6?  I am not sure if that is a 2581bis thing or
a 1122bis thing.

> 3) ECN
> - The document speaks only of loss, but I'm assuming that this applies
> equally to ECN. If that is so, perhaps we should explicitly say so up-front.

In the intro to section 3 I have put these words:

    Also note that the algorithms specified in this document work in
    terms of using loss as the signal of congestion.  Explicit
    Congestion Notification (ECN) could also be used as discussed in
    [RFC3168].

Does this work?

allman




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Subject: RE: [tcpm] FW: I-D Action:draft-schuetz-tcpm-tcp-rlci-02.txt 
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Simon Schuetz [mailto:Simon.Schuetz@nw.neclab.eu]=20
> Sent: Monday, November 26, 2007 3:14 AM
> To: tcpm@ietf.org
> Cc: draft-schuetz-tcpm-tcp-rlci@tools.ietf.org
> Subject: [tcpm] FW: I-D Action:draft-schuetz-tcpm-tcp-rlci-02.txt=20
>=20
> Hi,
>=20
> We submitted a revision of the TCP RLCI draft.
>=20
> Major changes/improvements:
> - state machine now implements 3-way handshake to guarantee=20
> delivery of connectivity-change indication
> - better "stale ack" detection
> - improved handling in case of out-of-order delivery
>=20
> Comments welcome,
> Simon
>=20

Simon,
I was curious whether you or anyone on the list knows of a Linux
implementation of any portions of the above draft.

Thanks,
Tom


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Mark Allman wrote:
> Gorry-
>> - Is the default RMSS still 536 bytes also for IPv6, since [RFC1122]
>> does not apply in this context to IPv6.
> 
> I think so.  Are you suggesting here that we specify a different value
> when we're going over IPv6?  I am not sure if that is a 2581bis thing or
> a 1122bis thing.

In principle, the TCP's MSS may be independent of MTU, even though in 
most reasonable implementations it's going to be at least as large 
(minus headers).  I think 536 applies to IPv6 as well.  Linux uses this 
value hard-coded for both IPv4 and IPv6.

   -John


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Tue Dec 04 17:10:14 2007
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David Borman wrote:

> While I agree with the document on the identification of the problem, I 
> disagree with the proposed solution (changing TCP to time out 
> connections in persist state).  Having a connection stay in persist 
> state for long periods of time (i.e., zero window probes continue to be 
> ACKed) by itself is not a bad thing.  That is how TCP was designed to 
> work.  Connections can survive through lots of adversity.  If a 
> connection is stuck because it is waiting for user action and the user 
> walked away and went home for the day, he should be able to come back 
> the next morning and do what needs to be done, and then the connection 
> will continue.

I'm of the same opinion.

As far as it comes to recommending a mitigation technique when TCP and 
the OS runs out of memory resources I think we can do better than merely 
looking at connections in persist state. As others have pointed out 
there is also the case of a connection which makes very slow progress 
(and uses up a fair bit of send buffer space). Ideally one don't want to 
penalize connections that happen to be over slow links, so some care 
would be needed.

    Erik



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On 2007-12-4, at 13:36, ext Henderson, Thomas R wrote:
> I was curious whether you or anyone on the list knows of a Linux
> implementation of any portions of the above draft.

We have ns2 code that we'll make available in a few weeks.

There is no Linux implementation for RLCI. There was some Linux code  
for the earlier drafts of which RLCI is a merge. But RLCI is now very  
different from those, so that code is not very useful anymore.

Lars
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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Wed Dec 05 00:18:30 2007
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Date: Tue, 04 Dec 2007 21:17:39 -0800
From: Gorry Fairhurst <gf@erg.abdn.ac.uk>
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Mark Allman wrote:
 > Gorry-
 >
<snip>
 >> ---
 >> 2) RMSS
 >> - The wording in the draft is not clear  whether this is an upper
 >> bound to the SMSS, or just one of many ways to discover a sensible
 >> SMSS.
 >
 > The latter.  I guess I am not quite sure what to do with this comment.
 >
 >> - Is the default RMSS still 536 bytes also for IPv6, since [RFC1122]
 >> does not apply in this context to IPv6.
 >
 > I think so.  Are you suggesting here that we specify a different value
 > when we're going over IPv6?
 >
I queried if this should have been different for v6, because I'd have 
expected it was safe to use 1220.

 > I am not sure if that is a 2581bis thing or a 1122bis thing.
RFC 2460, only says:
  " For example, in
    IPv4, TCP's MSS option is computed as the maximum packet size (a
    default value or a value learned through Path MTU Discovery) minus 40
    octets (20 octets for the minimum-length IPv4 header and 20 octets
    for the minimum-length TCP header).  When using TCP over IPv6, the
    MSS must be computed as the maximum packet size minus 60 octets,
    extension headers) is 20 octets longer than a minimum-length IPv4
    header."
- All of which is true, but does not explicitly update TCP's default 
MSS. Looking at code, it seems 1024 is not uncommon.... Well that was 
fun, if you know better, do improve the text, otherwise I expect the 
current text is fine.

 >> 3) ECN
 >> - The document speaks only of loss, but I'm assuming that this applies
 >> equally to ECN. If that is so, perhaps we should explicitly say so 
up-front.
 >
 > In the intro to section 3 I have put these words:
 >
 >     Also note that the algorithms specified in this document work in
 >     terms of using loss as the signal of congestion.  Explicit
 >     Congestion Notification (ECN) could also be used as discussed in
 >     [RFC3168].
 >
 > Does this work?
 >
Yes, that would be fine - I'd prefer /defined in [3168]/specified in 
[3168]/ or something of the like.

 > allman
 >
 >
 > ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 >
 > _______________________________________________
 > tcpm mailing list
 > tcpm@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm

best wishes,

Gorry



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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org Thu Dec 06 17:47:23 2007
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Folks,

FYI, we have submitted a new revision of our port randomization 
draft. This is the first revision of the doc since it was accepted as 
a wg item of the tsvwg.

Any feedback will be more than welcome.

Thanks!


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>A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
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>This draft is a work item of the Transport Area Working Group 
>Working Group of the IETF.
>
>
>         Title           : Port Randomization
>         Author(s)       : M. Larsen, F. Gont
>         Filename        : draft-ietf-tsvwg-port-randomization-00.txt
>         Pages           : 22
>         Date            : 2007-12-06
>
>Recently, awareness has been raised about a number of "blind" attacks
>that can be performed against the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
>and similar protocols.  The consequences of these attacks range from
>throughput-reduction to broken connections or data corruption.  These
>attacks rely on the attacker's ability to guess or know the five-
>tuple (Protocol, Source Address, Destination Address, Source Port,
>Destination Port) that identifies the transport protocol instance to
>be attacked.  This document describes a simple and efficient method
>for random selection of the client port number, such that the
>possibility of an attacker guessing the exact value is reduced.
>While this is not a replacement for cryptographic methods, the
>described port number randomization algorithms provide improved
>security/obfuscation with very little effort and without any key
>management overhead.  The mechanisms described in this document are a
>local modification that may be incrementally deployed, and that does
>not violate the specifications of any of the transport protocols that
>may benefit from it, such as TCP, UDP, SCTP, DCCP, and RTP.
>
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--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1






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From: Ted Faber <faber@ISI.EDU>
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] WGLC: 2581bis
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On Mon, Nov 26, 2007 at 04:47:20PM -0800, Ted Faber wrote:
> Mark and I would like to start a WGLC for the revision of 2581 from
> Proposed Standard to Draft Standard.
>=20
> As you know, this is a central document in TCP and the revision pretty
> much just recognized that and adds an implementation report.  The
> implementation report notes that basically all TCPs support the
> algorithms in the document interoperably.  We believe this is ready for
> publication.
>=20
> Other than the addition of the report, changes to the document from the
> published Proposed Standard are minimal.
>=20
> Please read and let us know if you agree or disagree and why.  This will
> be a long WGLC to accomodate for the IETF meeting next week and the
> holiday season.  The WGLC will end 21 Dec 2007.
>=20

Just a reminder: this WGLC ends 21 Dec 2007.  Please comment if you have
an opinion - including an opinion that the draft is publishable.

Thanks!

--=20
Ted Faber
http://www.isi.edu/~faber           PGP: http://www.isi.edu/~faber/pubkeys.=
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] WGLC: 2581bis
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On Fri, 14 Dec 2007 17:51:35 -0800, Ted Faber wrote:
> ...
>
> Just a reminder: this WGLC ends 21 Dec 2007.
> Please comment if you have an opinion - including ...

I had commented in private communication successively
on previous revisions of 2581bis, and the comments have
been discussed and resolved; hence ...

> an opinion that the draft is publishable.

... IMHO, it is, provided that the remaining minor issues already
raised in comments posted to the list and discussed since WGLC
are getting resolved!

  Alfred.



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Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 05:04:19 +0200 (EET)
From: Markku Kojo <kojo@cs.helsinki.fi>
To: tcpm@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [tcpm] WGLC: 2581bis
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Ted, Mark, all,

I'd like to see this document to advance to DS. However, 
after reading the draft and taking a look at a few traces
from Linux TCP implementation it seems that there is one issue
that may need some attention first.

Looking into the Linux TCP behavior (that differs from what the 
draft specifies) seems to reveal an issue with the draft in its 
usage of FlightSize as a bad estimate for the amount of outstanding
data in the *network* and consequently inappropriate adjustment of 
ssthresh (and cwnd). That is, replacing cwnd with FlightSize in 
equation 4 seem to have resulted in similar kind of problems as there
were earlier when cwnd was used in the equation:

  When Limited Transmit alg (step 1 of fast rexmit & fast recovery
  alg in Section 3.2) is used with the current definition of 
  FlightSize and equation 4, ssthresh and cwnd will be assigned
  larger value than what would be appropriate. The reason is 
  that FlightSize is increased in step 1 and it is then used in 
  step 2 and 3 to determine the new value of ssthresh and cwnd. 
  However, allowing Limited Transmit to send a new data segment
  on the arrival of the 1st and 2nd dupack rests on the assumption
  that a dupack indicates that a segment has left the network
  and thereby the number of outstanding segments in the network
  remains unchanged (like cwnd remains). 

  This means that using Limited Transmit results in less reduction
  in ssthresh and cwnd compared to the case where Limited Transmit
  is not in use. As the difference in the new ssthresh (and cwnd) 
  value is only (at most) one MSS, this does not make TCP 
  significantly more aggressive with large windows, but with a small
  window size the difference is significant. For example, with cwnd 
  of 4 segments and a single segment loss, a TCP sender applying 
  Limited Transmit per current spec continues with cwnd of 3 
  segments while a TCP sender not applying Limited Transmit halves
  its cwnd and continues with cwnd of 2 segments. This may have
  a significant effect on a bottleneck link that is shared by a
  number of connections proceeding with a small window.

  One simple possibility of fixing this is to redefine equation 4 as

     ssthresh = max ( min(FlightSize,cwnd) / 2, 2*SMSS) 


  Similar problems in correctly determining a new value of ssthresh 
  may occur also in other cases where the actual amount of outstanding
  data (significanly) differs from FlightSize, i.e., when TCP sender 
  is already in loss recovery.

  Linux does not experience this problem with FlightSize as it 
  maintains a more accurate estimate (akin to pipe variable in RFC 
  3517) for the amount of outstanding data, and uses it to determine
  the new value of ssthresh (and cwnd) when entering loss recovery.


Other comments/suggestions:


1. Section 3.1, 3rd para:

  It might be useful also note that the purpose of the slow start 
  algorithm is to (re)start the ack clock (in addition to determining
  the available capacity).   


2. Section 3.1: 

  "On the other hand, when a TCP sender detects segment loss using 
   the retransmission timer and the given segment has already been
   retransmitted at least once, the value of ssthresh is held
   constant." 

   Should be clarified that this applies only when the retransmission
   timer expires again for the same segment, not when retransmission
   timer expires for a fast retransmitted segment.


3. Section 3.2, 1st step of the fast retransmit and fast recovery alg:

 It would be useful to note that allowing a TCP sender to send a 
 new data segment on the 1st and 2nd dupack is in violation to
 the definition of cwnd in Section 2:

   "At any given time, a TCP MUST NOT send data with a sequence 
    number higher than the sum of the highest acknowledged sequence
    number and the minimum of cwnd and rwnd."


4. Section 4.3:

  "Loss in two successive windows of data, or the loss of a 
   retransmission,  should be taken as two indications of congestion
   and, therefore, cwnd (and ssthresh) MUST be lowered twice in this 
   case."

  Lowering ssthresh twice on the loss of a retransmission triggered
  by an RTO would be in contradiction with what is said in Section 3.1 
  (see item 2 above). Should clarify that this is valid only with the
  loss of a fast retransmit (or the loss of a retransmission in fast 
  recovery with an advanced loss recovery alg such as NewReno or 
  SACK-based fast recovery) 


Thanks,

/Markku


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the TCP Maintenance and Minor Extensions Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : TCP's Reaction to Soft Errors
	Author(s)       : F. Gont
	Filename        : draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-soft-errors-07.txt
	Pages           : 16
	Date            : 2007-12-26

This document describes a non-standard, but widely implemented,
modification to TCP's handling of ICMP soft error messages, that
rejects pending connection-requests when those error messages are
received.  This behavior reduces the likelihood of long delays
between connection establishment attempts that may arise in a number
of scenarios, including one in which dual stack nodes that have IPv6
enabled by default are deployed in IPv4 or mixed IPv4 and IPv6
environments.

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