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Folks-

Attached are a first cut at minutes from the TCPM meeting in
Philadelphia.  Please let us know if there are corrections.  Also, there
is a "???" where there should be a name in the authentication option
discussion.  If that person could raise their hand, it'd be great.

Thanks!

allman




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TCP Maintenance and Minor Extensions WG
March 11, 2008, IETF-71
Minutes taken by Gorry Fairhurst


1. WG Status + Agenda bashing (10min)

  Mark Allman reviewed the Agenda.

  Status:

    ECN-SYN has been sent to IESG

    Waiting for proto writeup by WG Chairs:
      Soft-errors 
      UTO

    TCP-Secure has been through WGLC. Applicability statement has
    been drafted, and recommendations need to be firmed-up. Did
    anyone object or have comments ion this topic? <no comments>

    Two new items of work were expected:
      Compound TCP (from ICCRG)
      Early Retransmit (to be verified as a TCPM Item by the WG)

    PSavola via jabber: What is the status of
      draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp-attacks? 
    This needs some work, and has been languishing for some
    time. The WG Chairs don't have any update on the current
    status. Mark is looking for energy - offers of help from people
    interested. The Chairs will contact the author and check the
    status.

2. 2581bis update - Mark Allman
   draft-ietf-tcpm-rfc2581bis-03.txt

  Ted (on the list) considered this document has passed WGLC when
  the comments have been addresed. The authors think all changes
  have been implemented.

3. Advancing F-RTO - Pasi Sarolahti
   draft-ietf-tcpm-rfc4138bis-01.txt

  Pasi presented the draft. Lars said they had talked about F-RTO at
  the last meeting, and there was support for this going
  forward. Ted and Mark have discussed this and people seem to be
  liking this and the experience is good. We think we should start a
  WGLC after this meeting. There were no objections.


4. 1323bis - David Borman
   draft-ietf-tcpm-1323bis-00.txt 
 
  David said this now referenced RFC 2581. There was currently a
  null security considerations section. Joe Touch said we should
  identify issues. Matt Mathis - there could be security
  issues. Time Stamps can cause robustness issues. Eric Rescorla -
  see if this changes anything. Joe Touch - can the path
  change. Matt there is a robustness issue with middleboxes doing
  things they should not. Joe Touch: It was suggesting the
  middleboxes can protect only some headers, if you are protecting
  the TCP header, must this be included? Eric: The option could be
  removed on path (e.g. from the initial SYN), he will send
  comments. David will get back to the list with these comments. 

  Gorry: How appropriate are Jumbograms to a general internet
   deployment? 
  David said this was really meant for point-to-point links, and not
   for the general Internet. Matt added the experimentation was 15
   years old. 

  PSavola:  One potential issue in RFC 1323bis: do we want to
   discuss the specifics how Timestamps option have been used in
   practice? (e.g., for signalling in the presence of SYN
   cookies. David had added text describing an offset. 
  David said that he would like to make a separate I-D on TCP MSS
   issues. 
  Mark said this sounds OK, people can comment if this needs to be
   done different. 

  Joe Touch: If you supply one example in section 3.3 on RTTM, this
   will become the default. David, we could choose an alternative
   RTTM implementation style. 
  Mark: A few people have solved this by changing the weights on the
   sample. 
  David said that he expected that this should then illustrate that
   there were multiple approaches. ... We should be careful that we
   don't suggest something that is too extreme, we need to support
   this with research. 
  Mark said there were published papers that talk about weight
   changes. 
  Joe said we should recommend alternatives that we know are safe -
   but not too much importance to one unless we know how to
   choose). 
  David said that he should tell people what to do, and not
   prescribe an algorithm. 
  Mark said we needed to keep the variance and adjust the gain based
   on the cwnd. 

  Hope to make the next version ready for a WGLC. Lars said we
  should add milestones for the two documents (Ted to do). 

  Mark: How many have read this version? (2).
  Mark: How many have read a version since we started updating 1323? (10).

5. TCP Authentication - Joe Touch
   draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-auth-opt

  Presented the draft to SAAG in Vancouver, and feedback from Eric
  Rescorla. Are we writing an applicability statement here? Joe said
  it was in the document.

  Eric: Does this system assume we do not do key management?  
  Joe said other people said this also. 
  Eric: there are a number of styles of key management: manual,
   external key management, inside TCP, etc. 
  The Design-Team seems convinced this does not fit in the space
   available, and must be established at SYN time, it starts
   authenticated and remains authenticated. 
  Eric this could possibly be wrong. 
  Joe said there was limited space in the SYN packet and then has to
   be consistent with the core of TCP. 
  Eric said I am not convinced. 
  Joe: There is a 40 Byte header in the SYN, but already used for
   TS, Window Scaling, and other things, at least half is already
   gone - if more than 15 bytes is needed, we are in trouble. 
  Eric: Be clear what is included and what is not included and say
   why. 
  Lars said that in previous discussions the key management would be
   done in SAAG, but not that this would be done in the SYN option.

  Danny Macpherson: If there is the capability how will this be
   reconsidered - can we think about other non-routing protocol
   solutions. 
  Joe said we need some sort of automated key management. 

  Joe: Do we need two documents for requirements and mechanism?
  Mark said he was not aware of the need for this, but if it made
   sense then we could split things up.

  ???: When you say asymmetric is not useful. I may want to be able
   to do this mid-connection. 
  Joe said the Design-Team said do not do this within the
   connection. 
  Eric said we should be clear what people want - this is not a
   replacement for TLS, it is DoS protection. 
  Joe, yes it protects the transport key. 
  Eric this means that we have prior arrangements, if either
   direction is DoSed then this attacks the connection. There is no
   management different between symmetric case and asymmetric, it's
   just performance - the keys are exchanged and then the packets are
   MAC'ed. 
  Brian Weis said this is just for routing.

  Eric: This issue is about cut and paste with the same port
   quartet. You need to be on the wire to do this attack. A pair-wise
   key per host pair is OK. 
  Joe said we could get this key from a key management system, SAAG
   mandated an automated key management system. The ISN may help. 
  Eric the state in the TCB is used, the first packet is protected
   by the master key and the ISN, this provides a way to bootstrap
   this. Would TS option help against replay attacks? 

  Eric and Joe discussed the relationship between the TSAD and TCB.

  Brian: The unkeyed case should result in silent reception. 
  Lars: default deny will result in loss of a connection, which is
  bad. The migration case is important. 
  Eric said if we turn on independently, then we need to handle
   this. This could be a case for asymmetric. 

  Eric: We need to be concerned about sequence number roll-over, and
   that the key should not be used for a large number of operations
   (although this is no longer true for modern MACs). We don't need
   to change the key. 
  Joe said the question was about coupling the ISN and MAC. One way
   is to synthesis a 64 bit sequence number, by counting the wraps of
   the sequence number space.

  There are pending modifications to the I-D. Joe said there was a
  list of open questions, all people were welcome to start
  discussions on this topic. 

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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Apr  3 23:59:16 2008
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Subject: [tcpm] A question on tcpsecure & meeting minutes
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Folks,

I have just read the minutes from the last IETF meeting, and it says 
tcpsecure has been through WGLC. I don't seem to recall the WGLC for 
this document, and have checked the online mailing-list archives, and 
have not been able to find the WGLC.

I'm sure this is just me not being able to find the WGLC in the 
mailing-list archives (unfortunately, my local mail archive is in 
some backup I cannot access right now).

Would anybody remind me when the WGLC of this doc was issued?

Thanks!

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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> I have just read the minutes from the last IETF meeting, and it says
> tcpsecure has been through WGLC.

That is because that is what I said. :-)

However, you're right that I mis-spoke.  With all the drafts we have in
various stages I just botched this.  

The status is ...

  + We have nailed down the recommendation levels for the various
    mechanisms.

  + Those levels need worked into the document.

  + Then it seems that all outstanding issues have been taken care of
    and we can do WGLC.

So, in other words it seems "WGLC is imminent" is the better summary.

Thanks for catching this bit of confusion.

allman




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From: "Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)" <ananth@cisco.com>
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Mark,
    I will go ahead and change the document to reflect the
recommendation levels suggested and also would incorporate the
applicable comments received.  

However, there is one item (which I have brought up earlier) which needs
some help to be resolved. We need to mention in the document, the
reasoning for the chosen levels for each mechanism, currently it is not
clear and it makes the document incomplete.

for eg, in particular:- some of the reasons why data mitigation was
singled out and classified under MAY is because 

"it needs extra variables to implement this and it is not as simple as
the other 2 mechanisms" 
"even with AS in place data mitigation is a MAY because originally it
was "decided" to tag it as MAY.

I am not sure we can put such a verbiage (like the one listed above) in
the document.  My suggestion is something like "it was felt that the
data mitigation is a MAY beause it is harder to tear down the connection
compared to the other 2 mechanisms OR in other words additional
complexity and conditions required to cause harm when compared to the
other two"  

I am open to suggestions. 

Thanks,
-Anantha

> -----Original Message-----
> From: tcpm-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:tcpm-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Mark Allman
> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 5:12 AM
> To: Fernando Gont
> Cc: tcpm@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [tcpm] A question on tcpsecure & meeting minutes
> 
> 
> > I have just read the minutes from the last IETF meeting, 
> and it says 
> > tcpsecure has been through WGLC.
> 
> That is because that is what I said. :-)
> 
> However, you're right that I mis-spoke.  With all the drafts 
> we have in various stages I just botched this.  
> 
> The status is ...
> 
>   + We have nailed down the recommendation levels for the various
>     mechanisms.
> 
>   + Those levels need worked into the document.
> 
>   + Then it seems that all outstanding issues have been taken care of
>     and we can do WGLC.
> 
> So, in other words it seems "WGLC is imminent" is the better summary.
> 
> Thanks for catching this bit of confusion.
> 
> allman
> 
> 
> 
> 
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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 11:32:43 2008
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Subject: [tcpm] Some comments on tcpsecure
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Folks,

I have not yet reviewed the entire document (but will do). However, 
reading the security considerations section (and at the risk of 
sounding our own horn?), I see this document does not reference two 
closely related wg documents of the tcpm and tsvwg working groups.

The first one is the ICMP attacks draft 
(draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp-attacks). While tcpsecure mentions the security 
implications of ICMP on TCP conenctions, it does not reference the 
I-D. IIRC, this had already been pointed out by Joe (?). As far as 
the specifications are concerned, you shouldn't bother to fix 
TCP-based reset attacks if you don't fix the the ICMP-based ones.

The other doc is the port randomization draft 
(draft-tsvwg-port-randomization). All the math in the "Slipping in 
the window" paper assumes TCP implementtions use a small port number 
subspace for selecting the ephemeral ports. And also assumes that 
implementations use a trivially-predictable sequence. Clearly, port 
randomization is a trivial mitigation for both these and all other 
off-path attacks that require the attacker to guess or know the 
four-tuple that identifies the connection to be attacked.

Thanks,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr  4 12:56:21 2008
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Fernando Gont wrote:
> Folks,
>=20
> I have not yet reviewed the entire document (but will do). However,=20
> reading the security considerations section (and at the risk of=20
> sounding our own horn?), I see this document does not reference two=20
> closely related wg documents of the tcpm and tsvwg working groups.
>=20
> The first one is the ICMP attacks draft=20
> (draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp-attacks). While tcpsecure mentions the security=20
> implications of ICMP on TCP conenctions, it does not reference the=20
> I-D. IIRC, this had already been pointed out by Joe (?). As far as=20
> the specifications are concerned, you shouldn't bother to fix=20
> TCP-based reset attacks if you don't fix the the ICMP-based ones.

Agreed; should this doc recommend filtering out ICMPs as a result?=20
(there's no in-window checks that are meaningful, since ICMPs are not=20
guaranteed to be timely) I.e., something stronger than "there's nothing=20
we can do", which is what is implied in the current security consideratio=
ns.

> The other doc is the port randomization draft=20
> (draft-tsvwg-port-randomization).=20

Also ISN randomization (RFC-1948), for similar reasons. Even though some =

of the RST attacks span the entire window, knowing the ISN can help=20
during the initial handshake and shortly thereafter.

Joe


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At 04:55 p.m. 04/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

>>The first one is the ICMP attacks draft 
>>(draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp-attacks). While tcpsecure mentions the 
>>security implications of ICMP on TCP conenctions, it does not 
>>reference the I-D. IIRC, this had already been pointed out by Joe 
>>(?). As far as the specifications are concerned, you shouldn't 
>>bother to fix TCP-based reset attacks if you don't fix the the ICMP-based ones.
>
>Agreed; should this doc recommend filtering out ICMPs as a result? 
>(there's no in-window checks that are meaningful, since ICMPs are 
>not guaranteed to be timely) I.e., something stronger than "there's 
>nothing we can do", which is what is implied in the current security 
>considerations.

Ha... So we have been arguing about the ICMP stuff for almost four 
years on the idea that it is too aggressive to require ICMP error 
messages to be in-window, and now we're going to propose to filter 
them out? Seems ironic to me. (And you cannot do it with "frag needed 
and DF bit set". Well, you *could* implement the new PMTUD that does 
not rely on ICMP error messages. But ignoring ICMP error messages 
will increse the PMTUD convergence time).

And, for what is worth, strictly speaking there's no such a thing as 
a TCP MSL, either. TCP's MSL is based on the assumption that the IP 
TTL is decremented at least once every second. And this is not 
warranted, either. There's not such enforcement as there is in, e.g., Delta-t.



>>The other doc is the port randomization draft 
>>(draft-tsvwg-port-randomization).
>
>Also ISN randomization (RFC-1948), for similar reasons. Even though 
>some of the RST attacks span the entire window, knowing the ISN can 
>help during the initial handshake and shortly thereafter.

Agreed. (Although the math in "Slipping in the window" does not 
assume the attacker can predict the ISN).

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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Fernando Gont wrote:
> At 04:55 p.m. 04/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:
>=20
>>> The first one is the ICMP attacks draft=20
>>> (draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp-attacks). While tcpsecure mentions the security=
=20
>>> implications of ICMP on TCP conenctions, it does not reference the=20
>>> I-D. IIRC, this had already been pointed out by Joe (?). As far as=20
>>> the specifications are concerned, you shouldn't bother to fix=20
>>> TCP-based reset attacks if you don't fix the the ICMP-based ones.
>>
>> Agreed; should this doc recommend filtering out ICMPs as a result?=20
>> (there's no in-window checks that are meaningful, since ICMPs are not =

>> guaranteed to be timely) I.e., something stronger than "there's=20
>> nothing we can do", which is what is implied in the current security=20
>> considerations.
>=20
> Ha... So we have been arguing about the ICMP stuff for almost four year=
s=20
> on the idea that it is too aggressive to require ICMP error messages to=
=20
> be in-window, and now we're going to propose to filter them out?=20

ICMPs are already filtered out for security reasons at firewalls. The=20
key here is whether to recommend that action or not.

As to filtering them when they're in- vs out- of window, the issue there =

is whether that even means anything. The point is that with arbitrary=20
delays, the location of an ICMP's TCP header with respect to the current =

outstanding window has no useful meaning, so it cannot (and thus should=20
not) serve as a useful descriminator.

 > Seems
> ironic to me. (And you cannot do it with "frag needed and DF bit set". =

> Well, you *could* implement the new PMTUD that does not rely on ICMP=20
> error messages. But ignoring ICMP error messages will increse the PMTUD=
=20
> convergence time).
>=20
> And, for what is worth, strictly speaking there's no such a thing as a =

> TCP MSL, either. TCP's MSL is based on the assumption that the IP TTL i=
s=20
> decremented at least once every second. And this is not warranted,=20
> either. There's not such enforcement as there is in, e.g., Delta-t.

If there's no MSL, then that's even more reason not to use window=20
information to determine the validity of an ICMP. At that point, not=20
only might you be receiving a very old ICMP, you might be receiving a=20
very recent ICMP for a very old TCP segment.

>>> The other doc is the port randomization draft=20
>>> (draft-tsvwg-port-randomization).
>>
>> Also ISN randomization (RFC-1948), for similar reasons. Even though=20
>> some of the RST attacks span the entire window, knowing the ISN can=20
>> help during the initial handshake and shortly thereafter.
>=20
> Agreed. (Although the math in "Slipping in the window" does not assume =

> the attacker can predict the ISN).

Right - it's not nearly as important as the port randomization for this=20
case.

Joe


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> -----Original Message-----
> From: tcpm-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:tcpm-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Fernando Gont
> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 11:30 AM
> To: tcpm@ietf.org
> Subject: [tcpm] Some comments on tcpsecure
> 
> Folks,
> 
> I have not yet reviewed the entire document (but will do). 
> However, reading the security considerations section (and at 
> the risk of sounding our own horn?), I see this document does 
> not reference two closely related wg documents of the tcpm 
> and tsvwg working groups.
> 
> The first one is the ICMP attacks draft 
> (draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp-attacks). While tcpsecure mentions the 
> security implications of ICMP on TCP conenctions, it does not 
> reference the I-D. IIRC, this had already been pointed out by 

Well, if this was really needed we should have fixed this in the
document by now. I think at this stage where most of the issues have
been ironed out, I would excerxise caution before making any changes.
With that I mean if the group strongly feels about citing this reference
then we could add it in some place.

> Joe (?). As far as the specifications are concerned, you 
> shouldn't bother to fix TCP-based reset attacks if you don't 
> fix the the ICMP-based ones.

I am not saying we shouldn't be fixing ICMP based attacks, we should fix
both, but these are separate documents and needs to be treated
seperately. 

> 
> The other doc is the port randomization draft 
> (draft-tsvwg-port-randomization). All the math in the 
> "Slipping in the window" paper assumes TCP implementtions use 
> a small port number subspace for selecting the ephemeral 
> ports. And also assumes that implementations use a 
> trivially-predictable sequence. Clearly, port randomization 
> is a trivial mitigation for both these and all other off-path 
> attacks that require the attacker to guess or know the 
> four-tuple that identifies the connection to be attacked.

I can only agree that randomization makes the attack harder to
accomplish, but like you noted many systems don't do it today.  Like for
example if you use TCP MD5 the attacks are difficult to be made... So
wondering what is the point being made here? Are you saying that we
should put a reference to the port randomization document? 

-Anantha
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> --
> Fernando Gont
> e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org PGP 
> Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> 
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At 05:21 p.m. 04/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

>>>Agreed; should this doc recommend filtering out ICMPs as a result? 
>>>(there's no in-window checks that are meaningful, since ICMPs are 
>>>not guaranteed to be timely) I.e., something stronger than 
>>>"there's nothing we can do", which is what is implied in the 
>>>current security considerations.
>>Ha... So we have been arguing about the ICMP stuff for almost four 
>>years on the idea that it is too aggressive to require ICMP error 
>>messages to be in-window, and now we're going to propose to filter them out?
>
>ICMPs are already filtered out for security reasons at firewalls. 
>The key here is whether to recommend that action or not.

tcpsecure should not talk about what to do with ICMP error messages. 
Just point out that they can be exploited to perform more trivial 
attacks, and reference the ICMP attacks as a reference on what the 
industry has done to solve these issues.


> > Seems
>>ironic to me. (And you cannot do it with "frag needed and DF bit 
>>set". Well, you *could* implement the new PMTUD that does not rely 
>>on ICMP error messages. But ignoring ICMP error messages will 
>>increse the PMTUD convergence time).
>>And, for what is worth, strictly speaking there's no such a thing 
>>as a TCP MSL, either. TCP's MSL is based on the assumption that the 
>>IP TTL is decremented at least once every second. And this is not 
>>warranted, either. There's not such enforcement as there is in, e.g., Delta-t.
>
>If there's no MSL, then that's even more reason not to use window 
>information to determine the validity of an ICMP.

And no reason to use sequence numbers at all, and no reason for TCP's 
quiet time, and no reason for TCP's TIME-WAIT state, etc., etc., etc. 
 From that purist (??) point of view, TCP would not even work at all.

Joe, don't be more purist than the specifications themselves.

Talk with anybody working on the TCP code of NetBSD, FreeBSD, 
OpenBSD, Linux, or Cisco IOS, and they won't believe you are actually 
arguing about this....for four years. It would look to them as if you 
were doing your best to keep the specs as outdated as possible.

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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Subject: Re: [tcpm] Some comments on tcpsecure
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At 06:34 p.m. 04/04/2008, Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:

> > The first one is the ICMP attacks draft
> > (draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp-attacks). While tcpsecure mentions the
> > security implications of ICMP on TCP conenctions, it does not
> > reference the I-D. IIRC, this had already been pointed out by
>
>Well, if this was really needed we should have fixed this in the
>document by now. I think at this stage where most of the issues have
>been ironed out, I would excerxise caution before making any changes.
>With that I mean if the group strongly feels about citing this reference
>then we could add it in some place.

There's no actual "change". Just mention that the ICMP issues, and 
reference the ICMP attacks draft for information on the problem, and 
what the industry has done about it.



> > Joe (?). As far as the specifications are concerned, you
> > shouldn't bother to fix TCP-based reset attacks if you don't
> > fix the the ICMP-based ones.
>
>I am not saying we shouldn't be fixing ICMP based attacks, we should fix
>both, but these are separate documents and needs to be treated
>seperately.

Exactly. Don't get into recommendations on the ICMP issues. Just 
direct people to the document where this stuff is discussed.


>I can only agree that randomization makes the attack harder to
>accomplish, but like you noted many systems don't do it today.

Nowadays, at least FreeBSD, OpenBSD and Linux do it.


>Like for
>example if you use TCP MD5 the attacks are difficult to be made... So
>wondering what is the point being made here? Are you saying that we
>should put a reference to the port randomization document?

Yes. Something along the lines of "TCP port randomization 
[draft-ietf-port-randomization] increases the amount of work on the 
side of the attacker by obfuscating the TCP ephemeral port value"

To make my point clear: I'm not saying you should make "statements" 
on whether host should or should implement "icmp attacks" or "port 
randomization". But you should note that the ICMP attacks are easier, 
and direct people to the icmp attacks draft for more information 
about this. And you should note that port randomization is a general 
mitigation-technique for off-path attacks against TCP that require 
more work on the side of the attacker to successfully perform such attacks.

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Apr  5 10:18:52 2008
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Fernando Gont wrote:
> At 05:21 p.m. 04/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:
>=20
=2E..
>> ICMPs are already filtered out for security reasons at firewalls. The =

>> key here is whether to recommend that action or not.
>=20
> tcpsecure should not talk about what to do with ICMP error messages.=20

I disagree; as you noted, to accomplish any level of protection by=20
filtering RSTs etc., ICMPs need to be filtered as well. It can cite your =

doc on the issues, but IMO needs to include a recommendation on=20
accompanying requirements.s

=2E..
>>> And, for what is worth, strictly speaking there's no such a thing as =

>>> a TCP MSL, either. TCP's MSL is based on the assumption that the IP=20
>>> TTL is decremented at least once every second. And this is not=20
>>> warranted, either. There's not such enforcement as there is in, e.g.,=
=20
>>> Delta-t.
>>
>> If there's no MSL, then that's even more reason not to use window=20
>> information to determine the validity of an ICMP.
>=20
> And no reason to use sequence numbers at all, and no reason for TCP's=20
> quiet time, and no reason for TCP's TIME-WAIT state, etc., etc., etc.=20
> From that purist (??) point of view, TCP would not even work at all.

Absolutely - that's the absurdity of *your* point about there being no=20
such thing as MSL. However, MSL is irrelevant to ICMP even if (contrary=20
to your point above) MSL is meaningful to TCP.

Jo


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> 
> >I can only agree that randomization makes the attack harder to
> >accomplish, but like you noted many systems don't do it today.
> 
> Nowadays, at least FreeBSD, OpenBSD and Linux do it.

Just for the sake of record, we have been doing port randomization in
some of our main protocol stacks for about 3 years or so and the
algorithms we follow are more less the ones recommended in the port
randomization draft.

> Yes. Something along the lines of "TCP port randomization 
> [draft-ietf-port-randomization] increases the amount of work on the 
> side of the attacker by obfuscating the TCP ephemeral port value"
> 
> To make my point clear: I'm not saying you should make "statements" 
> on whether host should or should implement "icmp attacks" or "port 
> randomization". But you should note that the ICMP attacks are easier, 
> and direct people to the icmp attacks draft for more information 
> about this. And you should note that port randomization is a general 
> mitigation-technique for off-path attacks against TCP that require 
> more work on the side of the attacker to successfully perform 
> such attacks.

One point which I wish to add : the long lived nature of some TCP
connections gives enough time for the attacker (attack program) to
successfully penetrate the connection.

I'll leave it to the WG consensus to determine whether citing these
references is ok at this point in the game. 

-Anantha


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At 02:17 p.m. 05/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

>>>>And, for what is worth, strictly speaking there's no such a thing 
>>>>as a TCP MSL, either. TCP's MSL is based on the assumption that 
>>>>the IP TTL is decremented at least once every second. And this is 
>>>>not warranted, either. There's not such enforcement as there is 
>>>>in, e.g., Delta-t.
>>>
>>>If there's no MSL, then that's even more reason not to use window 
>>>information to determine the validity of an ICMP.
>>And no reason to use sequence numbers at all, and no reason for 
>>TCP's quiet time, and no reason for TCP's TIME-WAIT state, etc., 
>>etc., etc. From that purist (??) point of view, TCP would not even work at all.
>
>Absolutely - that's the absurdity of *your* point about there being 
>no such thing as MSL. However, MSL is irrelevant to ICMP even if 
>(contrary to your point above) MSL is meaningful to TCP.

The ICMP attacks drafts used to propose (unfortunately, right now it 
only "documents") a number of mitigation techniques for ICMP-based 
attacks. Among these were:

1) Require ICMP messages to be in window.
2) Don't reset connections in the synchronized (>ESTABLISHED) states 
upno receipt of the so-called ICMP hard errors.

You argument against (1) is that there's not such a timing 
requirement for ICMP messages. If that's your argument, then please 
also propose to remove any sequence number checks and any other 
assumptions on the MSL (e.g., quiet time concept, TIME-WAIT state) 
that are based on timing assumptions of TCP segments (and hence IP 
datagrams) that are *not* required in the protocols, *either*. Or 
well, that at least cannot be enforced. (Again, if you want this, you 
want something like Delta-t).

Your argument against (2) is that...mmm... that would be incorrect, 
because it would assume that every packet is an attack. But you do 
want to advocate ICMP filtering at firewalls.

I'd love to get everybody who's everyday job is to work on the TCP 
code of real TCP stacks. But while I have been in contact with many 
of these people (both for the I-Ds I published at the IETF, and for 
other work), the general idea is that it is a waste of time to argue 
for years what everybody has already been doing for years now (not to 
say 20+ years).

The only real discussion here is how irrelevant we want the IETF specs to be.

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
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Fernando Gont wrote:
> At 02:17 p.m. 05/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:
>=20
>>>>> And, for what is worth, strictly speaking there's no such a thing=20
>>>>> as a TCP MSL, either. TCP's MSL is based on the assumption that the=
=20
>>>>> IP TTL is decremented at least once every second. And this is not=20
>>>>> warranted, either. There's not such enforcement as there is in,=20
>>>>> e.g., Delta-t.
>>>>
>>>> If there's no MSL, then that's even more reason not to use window=20
>>>> information to determine the validity of an ICMP.
>>> And no reason to use sequence numbers at all, and no reason for TCP's=
=20
>>> quiet time, and no reason for TCP's TIME-WAIT state, etc., etc., etc.=
=20
>>> From that purist (??) point of view, TCP would not even work at all.
>>
>> Absolutely - that's the absurdity of *your* point about there being no=
=20
>> such thing as MSL. However, MSL is irrelevant to ICMP even if=20
>> (contrary to your point above) MSL is meaningful to TCP.
>=20
> The ICMP attacks drafts used to propose (unfortunately, right now it=20
> only "documents") a number of mitigation techniques for ICMP-based=20
> attacks. Among these were:
>=20
> 1) Require ICMP messages to be in window.
> 2) Don't reset connections in the synchronized (>ESTABLISHED) states=20
> upno receipt of the so-called ICMP hard errors.
>=20
> You argument against (1) is that there's not such a timing requirement =

> for ICMP messages. If that's your argument, then please also propose to=
=20
> remove any sequence number checks and any other assumptions on the MSL =

> (e.g., quiet time concept, TIME-WAIT state) that are based on timing=20
> assumptions of TCP segments (and hence IP datagrams) that are *not*=20
> required in the protocols, *either*. Or well, that at least cannot be=20
> enforced. (Again, if you want this, you want something like Delta-t).

As I said before:

	TCP *has* an MSL requirement (RFC793)
		this means that TCP segments should not live
		in the network beyond approx 2 minutes

	ICMP does *not* have a requirement to respond with an MSL
		so a TCP segment's header can exist inside
		an ICMP packet long after the segment's MSL period

As a result, it remains incorrect to validate a TCP segment inside the=20
ICMP as needing to be "in window".

> Your argument against (2) is that...mmm... that would be incorrect,=20
> because it would assume that every packet is an attack. But you do want=
=20
> to advocate ICMP filtering at firewalls.

Correct. If an individual host or subnet wants to assume that ALL ICMPs=20
are suspect, then that's its decision - and that already happens at some =

firewalls.

However, it is incorrect to *assume* that a particular kind of ICMP is=20
an attack and another is not simply because it is unexpected. That's the =

flaw in #2.

What "everyone implements" isn't the issue; that is covered in BCPs when =

the IETF agrees with it and things like RFC 2525 (Known TCP=20
Implementation Problems) when the IETF does not feel it is appropriate=20
to change the standard merely to align with what is deployed.

In this case, since ICMPs *are* delayed, I don't think it is appropriate =

to align ICMP checks with what is deployed.

Joe


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Subject: Re: [tcpm] Some comments on tcpsecure
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At 05:36 p.m. 05/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

>As I said before:
>
>         TCP *has* an MSL requirement (RFC793)
>                 this means that TCP segments should not live
>                 in the network beyond approx 2 minutes

Yes, and this requirement cannot be met, as it is based on the 
assumption that the IP TTL can be enforced. (Not to say that the MSL 
sort of imposes a requirement on the TTL you set in IP packets. If 
you set a TTL of say 240, then the TTL becomes 4 minutes, and 2*MSL 
becomes eight minutes.

As a result, if anything, this is as incorrect as requiring ICMPs to 
be in window. Well, unless you run TCP on anything other than IP....



>         ICMP does *not* have a requirement to respond with an MSL
>                 so a TCP segment's header can exist inside
>                 an ICMP packet long after the segment's MSL period
>
>As a result, it remains incorrect to validate a TCP segment inside 
>the ICMP as needing to be "in window".

If there's an error, the the window won't advance, and in the event 
the window does advance, then the error was not really "hard". And it 
would have been incorrect to abort the TCP connection. (see e.g., 
Clark's paper).



>>Your argument against (2) is that...mmm... that would be incorrect, 
>>because it would assume that every packet is an attack. But you do 
>>want to advocate ICMP filtering at firewalls.
>
>Correct. If an individual host or subnet wants to assume that ALL 
>ICMPs are suspect, then that's its decision - and that already 
>happens at some firewalls.

Welcome to the real world. We're suspicious by default.



>What "everyone implements" isn't the issue; that is covered in BCPs 
>when the IETF agrees with it and things like RFC 2525 (Known TCP 
>Implementation Problems) when the IETF does not feel it is 
>appropriate to change the standard merely to align with what is deployed.

What "everyone implements" isn't the issue? ahem... "rough consensus 
and running code".

There's no code that runs what you're describing, Joe. Everybody is 
doing what is described in the ICMP attacks draft.

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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Fernando Gont wrote:
> At 05:36 p.m. 05/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:
>=20
>> As I said before:
>>
>>         TCP *has* an MSL requirement (RFC793)
>>                 this means that TCP segments should not live
>>                 in the network beyond approx 2 minutes
>=20
> Yes, and this requirement cannot be met, as it is based on the=20
> assumption that the IP TTL can be enforced. (Not to say that the MSL=20
> sort of imposes a requirement on the TTL you set in IP packets. If you =

> set a TTL of say 240, then the TTL becomes 4 minutes, and 2*MSL becomes=
=20
> eight minutes.
>=20
> As a result, if anything, this is as incorrect as requiring ICMPs to be=
=20
> in window. Well, unless you run TCP on anything other than IP....

If you want to win this part of the argument, then - as you note -=20
window information is never useful within TCP. What's the point of this=20
straw-man?

>>         ICMP does *not* have a requirement to respond with an MSL
>>                 so a TCP segment's header can exist inside
>>                 an ICMP packet long after the segment's MSL period
>>
>> As a result, it remains incorrect to validate a TCP segment inside the=
=20
>> ICMP as needing to be "in window".
>=20
> If there's an error, the the window won't advance, and in the event the=
=20
> window does advance, then the error was not really "hard". And it would=

> have been incorrect to abort the TCP connection. (see e.g., Clark's pap=
er).

The ICMP error isn't "TCP failing to make progress" - if you want that=20
one, please create a new ICMP error type. Whether you do or not, please=20
stop trying to imply those semantics to the current ICMP errors.

>>> Your argument against (2) is that...mmm... that would be incorrect,=20
>>> because it would assume that every packet is an attack. But you do=20
>>> want to advocate ICMP filtering at firewalls.
>>
>> Correct. If an individual host or subnet wants to assume that ALL=20
>> ICMPs are suspect, then that's its decision - and that already happens=
=20
>> at some firewalls.
>=20
> Welcome to the real world. We're suspicious by default.

Postel's rule applies; be conservative in what you do, be liberal in=20
what you receive. You can be suspicious all you want - but unfounded=20
suspicion isn't appropriate.

>> What "everyone implements" isn't the issue; that is covered in BCPs=20
>> when the IETF agrees with it and things like RFC 2525 (Known TCP=20
>> Implementation Problems) when the IETF does not feel it is appropriate=
=20
>> to change the standard merely to align with what is deployed.
>=20
> What "everyone implements" isn't the issue? ahem... "rough consensus an=
d=20
> running code".

It's rough consensus AND running code. Not 'running code trumps everythin=
g'.

> There's no code that runs what you're describing, Joe. Everybody is=20
> doing what is described in the ICMP attacks draft.

Popular vote does not determine correctness. Part of the problem is that =

there are some people who've deployed prototype code and convinced=20
everyone it's appropriate. That is NOT how protocol specifications are=20
determined.

We've had this debate before. If there's nothing new to add, let's let=20
others chime in.

Joe



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> > 
> > What "everyone implements" isn't the issue? ahem... "rough 
> consensus 
> > and running code".
> 
> It's rough consensus AND running code. Not 'running code 
> trumps everything'.
> 
> > There's no code that runs what you're describing, Joe. Everybody is 
> > doing what is described in the ICMP attacks draft.
> 
> Popular vote does not determine correctness. Part of the 
> problem is that there are some people who've deployed 
> prototype code and convinced everyone it's appropriate. That 
> is NOT how protocol specifications are determined.
> 
> We've had this debate before. If there's nothing new to add, 
> let's let others chime in.

I'll chime in, my few cents follows :

Protocol specifications do evolve from time to time. For example, if
most of the devices which is running in the internet is already
implementing what is being proposed for quite sometime, the proof is in
the pudding. In such cases it CAN be considered for standardization and
also this (ICMP attacks) is already a WG document and I think making
forward progress is important here. So what is being said above comes
across as totally out of place given the current context. Well, there
are tons of examples where "prototype" code has become a standard,
should I start giving examples, I won't since everyone who has been
around knows this is a fact and I am in no mood to spend my energy in
debating something so obvious. May be someone's definition of prototype
code isn't the same as mine, then that is a different discussion
altogether ;-)

-Anantha

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At 10:02 p.m. 05/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

>>>         TCP *has* an MSL requirement (RFC793)
>>>                 this means that TCP segments should not live
>>>                 in the network beyond approx 2 minutes
>>Yes, and this requirement cannot be met, as it is based on the 
>>assumption that the IP TTL can be enforced. (Not to say that the 
>>MSL sort of imposes a requirement on the TTL you set in IP packets. 
>>If you set a TTL of say 240, then the TTL becomes 4 minutes, and 
>>2*MSL becomes eight minutes.
>>As a result, if anything, this is as incorrect as requiring ICMPs 
>>to be in window. Well, unless you run TCP on anything other than IP....
>
>If you want to win this part of the argument, then - as you note - 
>window information is never useful within TCP. What's the point of 
>this straw-man?

That if you want to be picky, that's where you should probably start. 
You talk about how incorrect it would be to enforce ICMP messages to 
be in-window... but even the most basic timing assumptions in TCP are 
not "correct", either.

Yes, "It just works". But that does not imply "correctness".



[...]
>>>As a result, it remains incorrect to validate a TCP segment inside 
>>>the ICMP as needing to be "in window".
>>If there's an error, the the window won't advance, and in the event 
>>the window does advance, then the error was not really "hard". And it would
>>have been incorrect to abort the TCP connection. (see e.g., Clark's paper).
>
>The ICMP error isn't "TCP failing to make progress" - if you want 
>that one, please create a new ICMP error type. Whether you do or 
>not, please stop trying to imply those semantics to the current ICMP errors.

We're not here to re-hash history, are we?



>>There's no code that runs what you're describing, Joe. Everybody is 
>>doing what is described in the ICMP attacks draft.
>
>Popular vote does not determine correctness. Part of the problem is 
>that there are some people who've deployed prototype code and 
>convinced everyone it's appropriate. That is NOT how protocol 
>specifications are determined.

There's a recent and wonderful book by old-timer John Day, in which 
he explains that the internet protocols themselves were what you call 
"prototype" (and I'm referencing that particular book just for the 
fact that the author is great, and I love his book). So... I find 
your comment a little bit ironic. :-)

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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Let's try to move this forward constructively...

Let's assume that we all want to make TCP's processing of error messages =

depend on the coarse connection state - i.e., different interpretation=20
of errors in pre-established vs. established states.

	This is basically how the current TCP ICMP processing
	is already defined, and would extend it to be more uniform,
	which seems reasonable.

Let's further assume, that in the established state, that "making=20
progress" should invalidate receipt of error messages to the contrary.

	This is a *departure* from current TCP ICMP processing, which
	basically says that errors trump progress. Whether this
	is reasonable depends on how slowly you want TCP to
	make progress while receiving legitimate errors
	(e.g., due to flakey links, multipath/routing errors, etc.),
	vs. making TCP robust to such behavior.

	I do believe we need to make this work in the case of
	non-malicious behavior. Only then should we consider
	whether or not it affords obfuscation protection against
	attackers.

	Given this case, then *progress* is the metric. That implies:
		- cache received ICMPs and log window state
		- determine if the window moves after the ICMP
		is received; if so, drop that ICMP

One key issue above: it is NOT dependent on the window data in the ICMP=20
payload, for two reasons:

	1) (my point) ICMPs are not required to be issued in a timely
	fashion, or for every individual error, a legitimate situation
	could involve receiving an old ICMP about an endpoint failure,
	without receiving further updates on any particular schedule

	2) (Fernando's point) ICMPs are currently implemented widely
	as not being issued in a timely fashion, with the same results
	as #1

I.e., it doesn't matter if you design for spec or common=20
implementations; either way, ICMP payload window information is not=20
relevant to the "making progress" issue.

If you want to recommend that we change ICMP interpretation when making=20
progress, then base your decision on a direct metric of making progress, =

not an incorectly inferred one.

Joe



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At 05:05 p.m. 06/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

(Meta comment: The current version of the ICMP attacks draft is meant 
for the Informational path. I believe I have removed/rephrased those 
senteces which seemed to "propose" the mitigation-techniques, rather 
than simply document them. If I did a good job in this last revision, 
the doc shouldn't be far from being ready to be shipped to the IESG. 
The soft errors draft is already there. These two drafts, together 
with another one some of us will be submitting anytime soon would be 
of great help as a basis for further work that would include what you 
sketch bellow.)

Please see my comments inline....


>Let's try to move this forward constructively...

Agreed.


[....]
>         I do believe we need to make this work in the case of
>         non-malicious behavior. Only then should we consider
>         whether or not it affords obfuscation protection against
>         attackers.
>
>         Given this case, then *progress* is the metric. That implies:
>                 - cache received ICMPs and log window state
>                 - determine if the window moves after the ICMP
>                 is received; if so, drop that ICMP

(Thinking out loud, with no coffee in the last few hours ;-) ): I'd 
also add "Discard the ICMP message if there's no data in flight to 
the destination when the ICMP error message is received" (i.e., in 
such a scenario, there's no "forward progress" to be made).


>One key issue above: it is NOT dependent on the window data in the 
>ICMP payload, for two reasons:
>
>         1) (my point) ICMPs are not required to be issued in a timely
>         fashion, or for every individual error, a legitimate situation
>         could involve receiving an old ICMP about an endpoint failure,
>         without receiving further updates on any particular schedule
>
>         2) (Fernando's point) ICMPs are currently implemented widely
>         as not being issued in a timely fashion, with the same results
>         as #1
>
>I.e., it doesn't matter if you design for spec or common 
>implementations; either way, ICMP payload window information is not 
>relevant to the "making progress" issue.

Agreed. You may say "making progress" and "requiring the TCP SEQ in 
the ICMP payload to be 'in-window'" are two different issues.

The TCP SEQ check would help a bit in those scenarios in which an 
attacker might be able to spoof an ICMP error message, and cause the 
connection to be stuck for a little while (e.g., by means of causing 
congestion). That is, it would require more packets on the side of 
the attacker.

However, if TCP waits for USER_TIMEOUT to check whether the 
connection is making forward progress, then this is basically the 
"hard errors should be considered to indicate soft errors when 
received for connections in any of the synchronized states" behavior, 
and thus an attacker could not exploit the so-called ICMP hard errors 
to perform reset attacks.

(i.e., the "hard errors should be considered to indicate soft errors 
when received for connections in any of the synchronized states" 
becomes a degenerate case of the "checking for progress on the TCP 
connection" when TCP waits for USER_TIMEOUT seconds before concluding 
whether the connection is making progress or not).

(FWIW, the TCP SEQ is of a little bit more of help for PMTUD, as 
during what I called 'Initial Path-MTU Discovery', you probably don't 
want to wait, so that you get a good convergence time for the PMTUD).

Kind regards, and thanks for the clarification above!

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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Fernando Gont wrote:
> At 05:05 p.m. 06/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:
>=20
> (Meta comment: The current version of the ICMP attacks draft is meant=20
> for the Informational path. I believe I have removed/rephrased those=20
> senteces which seemed to "propose" the mitigation-techniques, rather=20
> than simply document them. If I did a good job in this last revision,=20
> the doc shouldn't be far from being ready to be shipped to the IESG. Th=
e=20
> soft errors draft is already there. These two drafts, together with=20
> another one some of us will be submitting anytime soon would be of grea=
t=20
> help as a basis for further work that would include what you sketch=20
> bellow.)
>=20
> Please see my comments inline....
>=20
>=20
>> Let's try to move this forward constructively...
>=20
> Agreed.
>=20
>=20
> [....]
>>         I do believe we need to make this work in the case of
>>         non-malicious behavior. Only then should we consider
>>         whether or not it affords obfuscation protection against
>>         attackers.
>>
>>         Given this case, then *progress* is the metric. That implies:
>>                 - cache received ICMPs and log window state
>>                 - determine if the window moves after the ICMP
>>                 is received; if so, drop that ICMP
>=20
> (Thinking out loud, with no coffee in the last few hours ;-) ): I'd als=
o=20
> add "Discard the ICMP message if there's no data in flight to the=20
> destination when the ICMP error message is received" (i.e., in such a=20
> scenario, there's no "forward progress" to be made).

OK - again, that has nothing to do with the contents of the ICMP message.=


>> One key issue above: it is NOT dependent on the window data in the=20
>> ICMP payload, for two reasons:
>>
>>         1) (my point) ICMPs are not required to be issued in a timely
>>         fashion, or for every individual error, a legitimate situation=

>>         could involve receiving an old ICMP about an endpoint failure,=

>>         without receiving further updates on any particular schedule
>>
>>         2) (Fernando's point) ICMPs are currently implemented widely
>>         as not being issued in a timely fashion, with the same results=

>>         as #1
>>
>> I.e., it doesn't matter if you design for spec or common=20
>> implementations; either way, ICMP payload window information is not=20
>> relevant to the "making progress" issue.
>=20
> Agreed. You may say "making progress" and "requiring the TCP SEQ in the=
=20
> ICMP payload to be 'in-window'" are two different issues.

Agreed.

> The TCP SEQ check would help a bit in those scenarios in which an=20
> attacker might be able to spoof an ICMP error message, and cause the=20
> connection to be stuck for a little while (e.g., by means of causing=20
> congestion). That is, it would require more packets on the side of the =

> attacker.

In those cases, I still see the contents of the ICMP to be moot (w.r.t.=20
window). That info is useful only if:
	- ICMPs are known to be returned in a timely fashion
	(and there's no way of knowing)
	OR
	- there's some way to differentiate between legitimate
	ICMPs and attack ICMPs

Since neither is the case, this is a moot issue. I do not agree that=20
checking the TCP SEQ in the content of an ICMP is ever appropriate.
=09
> However, if TCP waits for USER_TIMEOUT to check whether the connection =

> is making forward progress, then this is basically the "hard errors=20
> should be considered to indicate soft errors when received for=20
> connections in any of the synchronized states" behavior, and thus an=20
> attacker could not exploit the so-called ICMP hard errors to perform=20
> reset attacks.

Waiting that long defeats the purpose of the errors - to terminate=20
connections more rapidly than TCP would otherwise. That is, IMO, too far.=


> (i.e., the "hard errors should be considered to indicate soft errors=20
> when received for connections in any of the synchronized states" become=
s=20
> a degenerate case of the "checking for progress on the TCP connection" =

> when TCP waits for USER_TIMEOUT seconds before concluding whether the=20
> connection is making progress or not).
>=20
> (FWIW, the TCP SEQ is of a little bit more of help for PMTUD, as during=
=20
> what I called 'Initial Path-MTU Discovery', you probably don't want to =

> wait, so that you get a good convergence time for the PMTUD).

I'd have to think further to see if this appropriate - i.e., if done=20
only once during a connection, before a wrap, then the SEQ might be=20
appropriate to check, but only within that period.

Joe


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Subject: [tcpm] ICMP error origination timeliness
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On Sun, 6 Apr 2008, Joe Touch wrote:
> 	1) (my point) ICMPs are not required to be issued in a timely
> 	fashion, or for every individual error, a legitimate situation
> 	could involve receiving an old ICMP about an endpoint failure,
> 	without receiving further updates on any particular schedule
>
> 	2) (Fernando's point) ICMPs are currently implemented widely
> 	as not being issued in a timely fashion, with the same results
> 	as #1

What is "timely fashion" in 2)?  What is not?  What are the scenarios 
where this occurs?

ICMP error generation has always seemed "timely" to me.  The only 
exception, in a way, that I've noticed is if ICMP error origination 
rate-limiter is active at the moment the offending packet is received. 
The reason I say "in a way" is that the text above makes me think the 
point is that ICMP error generation is delayed (which rate-limiters 
don't do) rather than skipped altogether. Is point 2) referring to 
rate-limiting or something else?

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings
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Pekka Savola wrote:
> On Sun, 6 Apr 2008, Joe Touch wrote:
>> 	1) (my point) ICMPs are not required to be issued in a timely
>> 	fashion, or for every individual error, a legitimate situation
>> 	could involve receiving an old ICMP about an endpoint failure,
>> 	without receiving further updates on any particular schedule
>>
>> 	2) (Fernando's point) ICMPs are currently implemented widely
>> 	as not being issued in a timely fashion, with the same results
>> 	as #1
>=20
> What is "timely fashion" in 2)?  What is not?  What are the scenarios=20
> where this occurs?

Routers are not required to return ICMPs on any particular timescale.

Timely most specifically would mean "within the MSL during which the=20
original TCP segment was intended to be limited to"; most practically,=20
it might be "within one MSL of when the original TCP segment was=20
received and triggered the corresponding ICMP".

Non-timely would definitely mean "more than one MSL after the TCP=20
segment that triggered the ICMP event was received". That could occur=20
when a router paces its ICMP output (as recommended in RFC 1812), and=20
when an implementation uses a tail-drop queue for that logging.

> ICMP error generation has always seemed "timely" to me.  The only=20
> exception, in a way, that I've noticed is if ICMP error origination=20
> rate-limiter is active at the moment the offending packet is received.

Exactly.

> The reason I say "in a way" is that the text above makes me think the=20
> point is that ICMP error generation is delayed (which rate-limiters=20
> don't do) rather than skipped altogether. Is point 2) referring to=20
> rate-limiting or something else?

The case I described is when rate limiting causes a delay. Another case=20
would be when messages are queued up and only periodically handled, and=20
that router's control plane is under significant load.

Joe


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Subject: Re: [tcpm] ICMP error origination timeliness
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<snip>

> > 
> > What is "timely fashion" in 2)?  What is not?  What are the 
> scenarios 
> > where this occurs?
> 
> Routers are not required to return ICMPs on any particular timescale.

Routers are not going to delay the ICMP message generation
unnecessarily. In most cases the ICMP messages are going to be generated
in orderly and timely fashion.

> 
> Timely most specifically would mean "within the MSL during 
> which the original TCP segment was intended to be limited 
> to"; most practically, it might be "within one MSL of when 
> the original TCP segment was received and triggered the 
> corresponding ICMP".
> 
> Non-timely would definitely mean "more than one MSL after the 
> TCP segment that triggered the ICMP event was received". That 
> could occur when a router paces its ICMP output (as 
> recommended in RFC 1812), and when an implementation uses a 
> tail-drop queue for that logging.

- Rate-limiting/ICMP messages being dropped can happen anytime/anywhere,
but overly delaying ICMP isn't common. Anyways the end-points
responsibility is to be robust and not fooled by the presense or the
absense of the ICMP messages. PMTU blackhole detection and recovery is
there for a reason. Since you cannot rely on the ICMP message being
generated always, if one is generated then putting some additional
checks to validate it doesn't look far-fetched, IMO. Please see below.

> > The reason I say "in a way" is that the text above makes me 
> think the 
> > point is that ICMP error generation is delayed (which rate-limiters 
> > don't do) rather than skipped altogether. Is point 2) referring to 
> > rate-limiting or something else?
> 
> The case I described is when rate limiting causes a delay. 
> Another case would be when messages are queued up and only 
> periodically handled, and that router's control plane is 
> under significant load.

Even if all the conditions which you describe above are true, in most
cases the packet is going to dropped before sending a ICMP message.
(Eg;- DF bit set but needs to be fragment etc.,) in which case the
sender SNDUNA is not going to advance since it is not going to get an
ACK from the peer. This means that sender is going to see the ICMP
message (assuming one is going to generated) as the first respone to the
TCP segment it had sent on that particular TCP connection (forget
bi-directional data for a moment). OR is the scenario which is causing a
worry is that when the ACK arrived and advanced the SNDUNA, but the ICMP
arrived pretty late whose sequence # did not match and hence we dropped
it ( due to the recommendation of the draft), if so what is the big
deal? 

In a nutshell, the benefits of adding robustness by dropping the
suspicious ICMP messages far outwiegh the corner cases (which I am still
not convinced that those are real) where we don't process an "outdated"
ICMP message.

-Anantha
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Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
=2E..
> In a nutshell, the benefits of adding robustness by dropping the
> suspicious ICMP messages far outwiegh the corner cases (which I am stil=
l
> not convinced that those are real) where we don't process an "outdated"=

> ICMP message.

The bulk of the benefits of robustness are afforded by having ICMPs=20
depend on the state and progress of the connection.

We have got to get away from this notion, BTW, that 'unexpected messages =

imply an attack'. The only thing such messages indicate is the inability =

of the programmer to see a valid corner case.

Joe


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At 02:05 a.m. 07/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

>>The TCP SEQ check would help a bit in those scenarios in which an 
>>attacker might be able to spoof an ICMP error message, and cause 
>>the connection to be stuck for a little while (e.g., by means of 
>>causing congestion). That is, it would require more packets on the 
>>side of the attacker.
>
>In those cases, I still see the contents of the ICMP to be moot 
>(w.r.t. window). That info is useful only if:
>         - ICMPs are known to be returned in a timely fashion
>         (and there's no way of knowing)

If anything, isn't this the case for any type of packet? After all, 
any packet can get queued in a router or be delayed whilie transiting 
a link....



>         OR
>         - there's some way to differentiate between legitimate
>         ICMPs and attack ICMPs
>
>Since neither is the case, this is a moot issue. I do not agree that 
>checking the TCP SEQ in the content of an ICMP is ever appropriate.

Well, I do know that you don't like the idea, but the systems I know 
of will not consider a packet legitimate unless there's enough reason 
for that. For ICMPs, the bar for that is the SEQ contained in the 
payload. That's what everybody has been doing for quite some time.



>>However, if TCP waits for USER_TIMEOUT to check whether the 
>>connection is making forward progress, then this is basically the 
>>"hard errors should be considered to indicate soft errors when 
>>received for connections in any of the synchronized states" 
>>behavior, and thus an attacker could not exploit the so-called ICMP 
>>hard errors to perform reset attacks.
>
>Waiting that long defeats the purpose of the errors - to terminate 
>connections more rapidly than TCP would otherwise. That is, IMO, too far.

Well, that's just a matter of policy. In any case, Clark's RFC on 
"Fault Isolation and Recovery" and even "The Design of the DARPA..." 
seem to support this idea: data transfers should work when there is 
at least a working path to do the transfer.
As I have seen you have mentioned a number of times, TCP is not 
supposed to be optimized for any scenario (e.g., multi-path 
scenarios). So if there's a working path, I think that for robustness 
sake the connection should not be aborted.

In any case, I don't think we'd even have to stick to any particular 
timeout. Particularly, given that we can accommodate existing 
implementations (hard errors -> soft errors) as a degenerate case of the above.


>>(i.e., the "hard errors should be considered to indicate soft 
>>errors when received for connections in any of the synchronized 
>>states" becomes a degenerate case of the "checking for progress on 
>>the TCP connection" when TCP waits for USER_TIMEOUT seconds before 
>>concluding whether the connection is making progress or not).
>>(FWIW, the TCP SEQ is of a little bit more of help for PMTUD, as 
>>during what I called 'Initial Path-MTU Discovery', you probably 
>>don't want to wait, so that you get a good convergence time for the PMTUD).
>
>I'd have to think further to see if this appropriate - i.e., if done 
>only once during a connection, before a wrap, then the SEQ might be 
>appropriate to check, but only within that period.

Most of all, the check is needed once at the beginning of the connection.
Then, it might be nice to do it after the 10-minute PMTUD timeout 
when you want to discover the PMTU again. Although at that point 
(t>10 minutes) it wouldn't be much of a problem to just check for 
progress on the connection (what's most important is to avoid delays 
at he beginning of the connection, as that would hurt interactive applications)

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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Fernando Gont wrote:
> At 02:05 a.m. 07/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:
>=20
>>> The TCP SEQ check would help a bit in those scenarios in which an=20
>>> attacker might be able to spoof an ICMP error message, and cause the =

>>> connection to be stuck for a little while (e.g., by means of causing =

>>> congestion). That is, it would require more packets on the side of=20
>>> the attacker.
>>
>> In those cases, I still see the contents of the ICMP to be moot=20
>> (w.r.t. window). That info is useful only if:
>>         - ICMPs are known to be returned in a timely fashion
>>         (and there's no way of knowing)
>=20
> If anything, isn't this the case for any type of packet? After all, any=
=20
> packet can get queued in a router or be delayed whilie transiting a=20
> link....

Routers are supposed to forward packets in a timely fashion, but are=20
encouraged to delay control plane event processing when loaded - both=20
are in RFC 1812.

I.e., for forwarding this is required, but for ICMP the contrary us=20
allowed and encouraged if needed.

>>         OR
>>         - there's some way to differentiate between legitimate
>>         ICMPs and attack ICMPs
>>
>> Since neither is the case, this is a moot issue. I do not agree that=20
>> checking the TCP SEQ in the content of an ICMP is ever appropriate.
>=20
> Well, I do know that you don't like the idea, but the systems I know of=
=20
> will not consider a packet legitimate unless there's enough reason for =

> that. For ICMPs, the bar for that is the SEQ contained in the payload. =

> That's what everybody has been doing for quite some time.

Again, known implementation bugs aren't the issue - and since seq=20
checking isn't required, dropping packets due to that check qualifies=20
IMO as an implementation bug.

But this is still somewhat off topic if there's a way to get 95% of the=20
way there without doing a seq check, which is what I'm suggesting. That=20
would correct the *intent* of the current code without *needing to=20
change the current specs* (which is the only way to *require* timely ICMP=
s).

>>> However, if TCP waits for USER_TIMEOUT to check whether the=20
>>> connection is making forward progress, then this is basically the=20
>>> "hard errors should be considered to indicate soft errors when=20
>>> received for connections in any of the synchronized states" behavior,=
=20
>>> and thus an attacker could not exploit the so-called ICMP hard errors=
=20
>>> to perform reset attacks.
>>
>> Waiting that long defeats the purpose of the errors - to terminate=20
>> connections more rapidly than TCP would otherwise. That is, IMO, too f=
ar.
>
> Well, that's just a matter of policy. In any case, Clark's RFC on "Faul=
t=20
> Isolation and Recovery" and even "The Design of the DARPA..." seem to=20
> support this idea: data transfers should work when there is at least a =

> working path to do the transfer.
> As I have seen you have mentioned a number of times, TCP is not suppose=
d=20
> to be optimized for any scenario (e.g., multi-path scenarios). So if=20
> there's a working path, I think that for robustness sake the connection=
=20
> should not be aborted.

Robustness also allows signalled connection faults to recover quickly,=20
rather than on the same timescale as a 'no message' timeout. Yes,=20
though, the devil is in the detail of what that timeout would be.

> In any case, I don't think we'd even have to stick to any particular=20
> timeout. Particularly, given that we can accommodate existing=20
> implementations (hard errors -> soft errors) as a degenerate case of th=
e=20
> above.

That's assuming the worst timeout, IMO, which is a particular timeout=20
value I disagree with.

>>> (i.e., the "hard errors should be considered to indicate soft errors =

>>> when received for connections in any of the synchronized states"=20
>>> becomes a degenerate case of the "checking for progress on the TCP=20
>>> connection" when TCP waits for USER_TIMEOUT seconds before concluding=
=20
>>> whether the connection is making progress or not).
>>> (FWIW, the TCP SEQ is of a little bit more of help for PMTUD, as=20
>>> during what I called 'Initial Path-MTU Discovery', you probably don't=
=20
>>> want to wait, so that you get a good convergence time for the PMTUD).=

>>
>> I'd have to think further to see if this appropriate - i.e., if done=20
>> only once during a connection, before a wrap, then the SEQ might be=20
>> appropriate to check, but only within that period.
>=20
> Most of all, the check is needed once at the beginning of the connectio=
n.
> Then, it might be nice to do it after the 10-minute PMTUD timeout when =

> you want to discover the PMTU again. Although at that point (t>10=20
> minutes) it wouldn't be much of a problem to just check for progress on=
=20
> the connection (what's most important is to avoid delays at he beginnin=
g=20
> of the connection, as that would hurt interactive applications)

The first one can easily have a seq num check, since the connection=20
isn't open long enough for a legitimate delay. However, the subesquent=20
ones don't seem to have that luxury, IMO.

Joe


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Apr  7 11:09:22 2008
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I've posted an updated version of the h-tcp internet draft at http://
www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-leith-tcp-htcp-06.txt.  The ID is
changed to be more streamlined (general discussion removed etc) and
so that the language conforms to RCF2119.  Comments welcome.

Although this ID predates the formation of the ICCRG and was
originally submitted direct to TCPM for consideration as a work item  
and experimental RFC,
the new process for moving  things on is now via ICCRG review and so  
I'd like to
ask the TCPM chairs to request consideration of the ID by ICCRG (as  
per the process here: http://www3.tools.ietf.org/group/irtf/trac/wiki/ 
ICCRG)

Doug
>>
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On Fri, Apr 04, 2008 at 01:21:27PM -0700, Joe Touch wrote:
>=20
>=20
> Fernando Gont wrote:
> >At 04:55 p.m. 04/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:
> >
> >>>The first one is the ICMP attacks draft=20
> >>>(draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp-attacks). While tcpsecure mentions the security=
=20
> >>>implications of ICMP on TCP conenctions, it does not reference the=20
> >>>I-D. IIRC, this had already been pointed out by Joe (?). As far as=20
> >>>the specifications are concerned, you shouldn't bother to fix=20
> >>>TCP-based reset attacks if you don't fix the the ICMP-based ones.
> >>
> >>Agreed; should this doc recommend filtering out ICMPs as a result?=20
> >>(there's no in-window checks that are meaningful, since ICMPs are not=
=20
> >>guaranteed to be timely) I.e., something stronger than "there's=20
> >>nothing we can do", which is what is implied in the current security=20
> >>considerations.
> >
> >Ha... So we have been arguing about the ICMP stuff for almost four years=
=20
> >on the idea that it is too aggressive to require ICMP error messages to=
=20
> >be in-window, and now we're going to propose to filter them out?=20
>=20
> ICMPs are already filtered out for security reasons at firewalls. The=20
> key here is whether to recommend that action or not.

And, IMHO, hat off, we're not.  Not here anyway.

This document has generated enough controversy on its own.  Hitching it
to another controversial document guarantees even slower progress.
Point off to the other documents that discuss the ICMP problem and move
on.  Yes there's a huge hole that someone's network architect needs to
plug, but the purpose of this document is not to be that architect; the
purpose of this document is to specify a standard protocol extension to
address the problem of off-path TCP control message spoofing.  Pointing
off to documents that discuss other problems in detail is helpful and
useful.

IMHO.

--=20
Ted Faber
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On Thu, Apr 03, 2008 at 02:49:29PM -0400, Mark Allman wrote:
> =20
> Folks-
>=20
> Attached are a first cut at minutes from the TCPM meeting in
> Philadelphia.  Please let us know if there are corrections.  Also, there
> is a "???" where there should be a name in the authentication option
> discussion.  If that person could raise their hand, it'd be great.

These are uploaded as the temporary minutes for TCPM.  They'll finalize
on 11 Apr 2008.

If you have changes, get them to us before that.

--=20
Ted Faber
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Ted Faber wrote:
> On Fri, Apr 04, 2008 at 01:21:27PM -0700, Joe Touch wrote:
>>
>> Fernando Gont wrote:
>>> At 04:55 p.m. 04/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:
>>>
>>>>> The first one is the ICMP attacks draft=20
>>>>> (draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp-attacks). While tcpsecure mentions the securi=
ty=20
>>>>> implications of ICMP on TCP conenctions, it does not reference the =

>>>>> I-D. IIRC, this had already been pointed out by Joe (?). As far as =

>>>>> the specifications are concerned, you shouldn't bother to fix=20
>>>>> TCP-based reset attacks if you don't fix the the ICMP-based ones.
>>>> Agreed; should this doc recommend filtering out ICMPs as a result?=20
>>>> (there's no in-window checks that are meaningful, since ICMPs are no=
t=20
>>>> guaranteed to be timely) I.e., something stronger than "there's=20
>>>> nothing we can do", which is what is implied in the current security=
=20
>>>> considerations.
>>> Ha... So we have been arguing about the ICMP stuff for almost four ye=
ars=20
>>> on the idea that it is too aggressive to require ICMP error messages =
to=20
>>> be in-window, and now we're going to propose to filter them out?=20
>> ICMPs are already filtered out for security reasons at firewalls. The =

>> key here is whether to recommend that action or not.
>=20
> And, IMHO, hat off, we're not.  Not here anyway.

If that's the case, then what's the point of protecting TCP this way?

If ICMPs aren't filtered out, then they remain a simpler attack vector,=20
and thus the protections afforded are moot.

Joe


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On Mon, Apr 07, 2008 at 01:31:28PM -0700, Joe Touch wrote:
> Ted Faber wrote:
> >On Fri, Apr 04, 2008 at 01:21:27PM -0700, Joe Touch wrote:
> >>ICMPs are already filtered out for security reasons at firewalls. The=
=20
> >>key here is whether to recommend that action or not.
> >
> >And, IMHO, hat off, we're not.  Not here anyway.
>=20
> If that's the case, then what's the point of protecting TCP this way?
>=20
> If ICMPs aren't filtered out, then they remain a simpler attack vector,=
=20
> and thus the protections afforded are moot.

You understand, of course, that our hypothetical network architect might
read these documents in the other order - ICMP protections/ingress
filtering first, then tcpsecure.   In that sequence the point is closing
the hole remaining after ICMP is blocked and assuming that IPSec (or
however it's spelled) is ruled out.

Again, the purpose of this document is to standardize a protocol
extension that makes a specific attack more difficult.  It is not a
primer on securing TCP against all attacks - or even all spoofing
attacks.  It's not the job of a standards document to mandate all
possible (or even all relevant) countermeasures to all related attacks.
This document needs to point to the ICMP document - perhaps strongly -
but needn't RECOMMEND, in a 2119 sense, anything therein.  And given that
this is a standards document, I don't think it should recommend them
either.

--=20
Ted Faber
http://www.isi.edu/~faber           PGP: http://www.isi.edu/~faber/pubkeys.=
asc
Unexpected attachment on this mail? See http://www.isi.edu/~faber/FAQ.html#=
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Ted Faber wrote:
> On Mon, Apr 07, 2008 at 01:31:28PM -0700, Joe Touch wrote:
>> Ted Faber wrote:
>>> On Fri, Apr 04, 2008 at 01:21:27PM -0700, Joe Touch wrote:
>>>> ICMPs are already filtered out for security reasons at firewalls. Th=
e=20
>>>> key here is whether to recommend that action or not.
>>> And, IMHO, hat off, we're not.  Not here anyway.
>> If that's the case, then what's the point of protecting TCP this way?
>>
>> If ICMPs aren't filtered out, then they remain a simpler attack vector=
,=20
>> and thus the protections afforded are moot.
>=20
> You understand, of course, that our hypothetical network architect migh=
t
> read these documents in the other order - ICMP protections/ingress
> filtering first, then tcpsecure.   In that sequence the point is closin=
g
> the hole remaining after ICMP is blocked and assuming that IPSec (or
> however it's spelled) is ruled out.
>=20
> Again, the purpose of this document is to standardize a protocol
> extension that makes a specific attack more difficult.  It is not a
> primer on securing TCP against all attacks - or even all spoofing
> attacks.  It's not the job of a standards document to mandate all
> possible (or even all relevant) countermeasures to all related attacks.=

> This document needs to point to the ICMP document - perhaps strongly -
> but needn't RECOMMEND, in a 2119 sense, anything therein.  And given th=
at
> this is a standards document, I don't think it should recommend them
> either.

Fair enough. It can warn - in the security considerations - that these=20
protections assume corresponding protections on ICMPs, however. I.e., it =

  would be incorrect to recommend, but it can warn that "without=20
corresponding ICMPs, this document may not provide the desired protection=
"

Joe


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On Mon, Apr 07, 2008 at 02:02:26PM -0700, Joe Touch wrote:
> Fair enough. It can warn - in the security considerations - that these=20
> protections assume corresponding protections on ICMPs, however. I.e., it=
=20
>  would be incorrect to recommend, but it can warn that "without=20
> corresponding ICMPs, this document may not provide the desired protection"

I think the quoted text, including a citation to an appropriate
document, would be an excellent addition to the security concerns
section of this document.  That's speaking as an individual.

--=20
Ted Faber
http://www.isi.edu/~faber           PGP: http://www.isi.edu/~faber/pubkeys.=
asc
Unexpected attachment on this mail? See http://www.isi.edu/~faber/FAQ.html#=
SIG

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From: "Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)" <ananth@cisco.com>
To: "Ted Faber" <faber@ISI.EDU>, "Joe Touch" <touch@ISI.EDU>
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Ted, 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: tcpm-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:tcpm-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Ted Faber
> Sent: Monday, April 07, 2008 2:24 PM
> To: Joe Touch
> Cc: tcpm@ietf.org; Fernando Gont
> Subject: Re: [tcpm] Some comments on tcpsecure
> 
> On Mon, Apr 07, 2008 at 02:02:26PM -0700, Joe Touch wrote:
> > Fair enough. It can warn - in the security considerations - 
> that these 
> > protections assume corresponding protections on ICMPs, 
> however. I.e., 
> > it  would be incorrect to recommend, but it can warn that "without 
> > corresponding ICMPs, this document may not provide the 
> desired protection"
> 
> I think the quoted text, including a citation to an 
> appropriate document, would be an excellent addition to the 
> security concerns section of this document.  That's speaking 
> as an individual.

Like it has been pointed out above, it would be incorrect to make any
recommendation about ICMP or any other form of attack vectors in the
tcpsecure doc since this document is not meant to be a repository of all
currently known ( and going to be discovered in the near future ;-)
attacks on TCP. So, IMO the verbiage needs to be chosen carefully if the
consensus is to provide a pointer to the ICMP doc in the security
consideration section. I would like to simply put an informative note
telling "spoofed ICMP packets may also result in TCP connection
stability issues, and this is discussed in more depth in......." or
something of that sort. 

$0.02,
-Anantha 
> 
> --
> Ted Faber
> http://www.isi.edu/~faber           PGP: 
> http://www.isi.edu/~faber/pubkeys.asc
> Unexpected attachment on this mail? See 
> http://www.isi.edu/~faber/FAQ.html#SIG
> 
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On Mon, Apr 07, 2008 at 06:45:53PM -0700, Anantha Ramaiah (ananth) wrote:
> Ted,=20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: tcpm-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:tcpm-bounces@ietf.org] On=20
> > Behalf Of Ted Faber
> > Sent: Monday, April 07, 2008 2:24 PM
> > To: Joe Touch
> > Cc: tcpm@ietf.org; Fernando Gont
> > Subject: Re: [tcpm] Some comments on tcpsecure
> >=20
> > On Mon, Apr 07, 2008 at 02:02:26PM -0700, Joe Touch wrote:
> > > Fair enough. It can warn - in the security considerations -=20
> > that these=20
> > > protections assume corresponding protections on ICMPs,=20
> > however. I.e.,=20
> > > it  would be incorrect to recommend, but it can warn that "without=20
> > > corresponding ICMPs, this document may not provide the=20
> > desired protection"
> >=20
> > I think the quoted text, including a citation to an=20
> > appropriate document, would be an excellent addition to the=20
> > security concerns section of this document.  That's speaking=20
> > as an individual.
>=20
> Like it has been pointed out above, it would be incorrect to make any
> recommendation about ICMP or any other form of attack vectors in the
> tcpsecure doc since this document is not meant to be a repository of all
> currently known ( and going to be discovered in the near future ;-)
> attacks on TCP. So, IMO the verbiage needs to be chosen carefully if the
> consensus is to provide a pointer to the ICMP doc in the security
> consideration section. I would like to simply put an informative note
> telling "spoofed ICMP packets may also result in TCP connection
> stability issues, and this is discussed in more depth in......." or
> something of that sort.=20

I'm not writing the document, but Joe's words [lightly edited] look good
to me:

"Unless implementors address spoofed ICMP messages[], the mitigations
specified in this document may not provide the desired protection."

Write what you want, but that seems to be exactly what needs to be said,
and cut and paste is easy.

I have no attachment to those particular words, but capture the thoughts
because I'd rather not have this discussion again.

--=20
Ted Faber
http://www.isi.edu/~faber           PGP: http://www.isi.edu/~faber/pubkeys.=
asc
Unexpected attachment on this mail? See http://www.isi.edu/~faber/FAQ.html#=
SIG

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At 12:40 p.m. 07/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

>>>In those cases, I still see the contents of the ICMP to be moot 
>>>(w.r.t. window). That info is useful only if:
>>>         - ICMPs are known to be returned in a timely fashion
>>>         (and there's no way of knowing)
>>If anything, isn't this the case for any type of packet? After all, 
>>any packet can get queued in a router or be delayed whilie 
>>transiting a link....
>
>Routers are supposed to forward packets in a timely fashion, but are 
>encouraged to delay control plane event processing when loaded - 
>both are in RFC 1812.
>
>I.e., for forwarding this is required, but for ICMP the contrary us 
>allowed and encouraged if needed.

I'd bet that it is more likely that packets get delayed longer for 
congestion probems or while transiting a link (e.g., a satellite 
link) than for that of delaying control plane event processing when loaded.



>>>Since neither is the case, this is a moot issue. I do not agree 
>>>that checking the TCP SEQ in the content of an ICMP is ever appropriate.
>>Well, I do know that you don't like the idea, but the systems I 
>>know of will not consider a packet legitimate unless there's enough 
>>reason for that. For ICMPs, the bar for that is the SEQ contained 
>>in the payload. That's what everybody has been doing for quite some time.
>
>Again, known implementation bugs aren't the issue - and since seq 
>checking isn't required, dropping packets due to that check 
>qualifies IMO as an implementation bug.

Well, I guess we have to agree to disagree. :-)



>But this is still somewhat off topic if there's a way to get 95% of 
>the way there without doing a seq check, which is what I'm 
>suggesting. That would correct the *intent* of the current code 
>without *needing to change the current specs* (which is the only way 
>to *require* timely ICMPs).

ICMP code has been for a long time (>20+ years, in some cases) to do 
"hard errors -> soft errors". The TCP SEQ check was originally 
implemented in Linux as a general validation check. Then applied in 
virtually all stacks for the same reason.
The TCP SEQ check is particularly useful as a mitigation against 
PMTUD attacks... and some have seen as something quicker/easier to 
implement than the mechanism proposed in my draft (although FWIW, I 
implemented the mechanism myself for OpenBSD, and it wasn't what pne 
would call "complex" at all...)



>>>>However, if TCP waits for USER_TIMEOUT to check whether the 
>>>>connection is making forward progress, then this is basically the 
>>>>"hard errors should be considered to indicate soft errors when 
>>>>received for connections in any of the synchronized states" 
>>>>behavior, and thus an attacker could not exploit the so-called 
>>>>ICMP hard errors to perform reset attacks.
>>>
>>>Waiting that long defeats the purpose of the errors - to terminate 
>>>connections more rapidly than TCP would otherwise. That is, IMO, too far.
>>
>>Well, that's just a matter of policy. In any case, Clark's RFC on 
>>"Fault Isolation and Recovery" and even "The Design of the 
>>DARPA..." seem to support this idea: data transfers should work 
>>when there is at least a working path to do the transfer.
>>As I have seen you have mentioned a number of times, TCP is not 
>>supposed to be optimized for any scenario (e.g., multi-path 
>>scenarios). So if there's a working path, I think that for 
>>robustness sake the connection should not be aborted.
>
>Robustness also allows signalled connection faults to recover 
>quickly, rather than on the same timescale as a 'no message' 
>timeout. Yes, though, the devil is in the detail of what that timeout would be.

You say it allows a connection to recover quickly, but... why would 
it actually recover, if you are not affecting the path that packets follow?



>>In any case, I don't think we'd even have to stick to any 
>>particular timeout. Particularly, given that we can accommodate 
>>existing implementations (hard errors -> soft errors) as a 
>>degenerate case of the above.
>
>That's assuming the worst timeout, IMO, which is a particular 
>timeout value I disagree with.

That's how the Internet has worked during the last 20+ years. 
BSD-derived and Mentat-derived implementations have always done this.



>>>>(i.e., the "hard errors should be considered to indicate soft 
>>>>errors when received for connections in any of the synchronized 
>>>>states" becomes a degenerate case of the "checking for progress 
>>>>on the TCP connection" when TCP waits for USER_TIMEOUT seconds 
>>>>before concluding whether the connection is making progress or not).
>>>>(FWIW, the TCP SEQ is of a little bit more of help for PMTUD, as 
>>>>during what I called 'Initial Path-MTU Discovery', you probably 
>>>>don't want to wait, so that you get a good convergence time for the PMTUD).
>>>
>>>I'd have to think further to see if this appropriate - i.e., if 
>>>done only once during a connection, before a wrap, then the SEQ 
>>>might be appropriate to check, but only within that period.
>>Most of all, the check is needed once at the beginning of the connection.
>>Then, it might be nice to do it after the 10-minute PMTUD timeout 
>>when you want to discover the PMTU again. Although at that point 
>>(t>10 minutes) it wouldn't be much of a problem to just check for 
>>progress on the connection (what's most important is to avoid 
>>delays at he beginning of the connection, as that would hurt 
>>interactive applications)
>
>The first one can easily have a seq num check, since the connection 
>isn't open long enough for a legitimate delay. However, the 
>subesquent ones don't seem to have that luxury, IMO.

Well, that wouldn't be a big deal. After all, the delay I'm more 
concerned about would be the one when the connection has just been 
established (as it would affect interactive applications). Although 
one might argue that with http persistent-connections, connections 
could be affected by the delay made after the 10-minute PMTUD-timeout.....

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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Fernando Gont wrote:
=2E..
>> But this is still somewhat off topic if there's a way to get 95% of=20
>> the way there without doing a seq check, which is what I'm suggesting.=
=20
>> That would correct the *intent* of the current code without *needing=20
>> to change the current specs* (which is the only way to *require*=20
>> timely ICMPs).
>=20
> ICMP code has been for a long time (>20+ years, in some cases) to do=20
> "hard errors -> soft errors". The TCP SEQ check was originally=20
> implemented in Linux as a general validation check. Then applied in=20
> virtually all stacks for the same reason.
> The TCP SEQ check is particularly useful as a mitigation against PMTUD =

> attacks... and some have seen as something quicker/easier to implement =

> than the mechanism proposed in my draft (although FWIW, I implemented=20
> the mechanism myself for OpenBSD, and it wasn't what pne would call=20
> "complex" at all...)

I'd like to see a mechanism that's sufficiently easy to implement that=20
accomplishes the intent, even if it differs from what's currently=20
deployed. That presumes we're trying to find a good solution, rather=20
than document the existing deployed solution.

=2E..
>> Robustness also allows signalled connection faults to recover quickly,=
=20
>> rather than on the same timescale as a 'no message' timeout. Yes,=20
>> though, the devil is in the detail of what that timeout would be.
>=20
> You say it allows a connection to recover quickly, but... why would it =

> actually recover, if you are not affecting the path that packets follow=
?

Recovery could involve the application terminating a poor connection in=20
favor of a better alternate, e.g., to a different IP address. By=20
prolonging the agony, we're failing to indicate that the connection is=20
having a substantial problem.

Joe


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At 04:56 p.m. 08/04/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

>>>But this is still somewhat off topic if there's a way to get 95% 
>>>of the way there without doing a seq check, which is what I'm 
>>>suggesting. That would correct the *intent* of the current code 
>>>without *needing to change the current specs* (which is the only 
>>>way to *require* timely ICMPs).
>>ICMP code has been for a long time (>20+ years, in some cases) to 
>>do "hard errors -> soft errors". The TCP SEQ check was originally 
>>implemented in Linux as a general validation check. Then applied in 
>>virtually all stacks for the same reason.
>>The TCP SEQ check is particularly useful as a mitigation against 
>>PMTUD attacks... and some have seen as something quicker/easier to 
>>implement than the mechanism proposed in my draft (although FWIW, I 
>>implemented the mechanism myself for OpenBSD, and it wasn't what 
>>pne would call "complex" at all...)
>
>I'd like to see a mechanism that's sufficiently easy to implement 
>that accomplishes the intent, even if it differs from what's 
>currently deployed. That presumes we're trying to find a good 
>solution, rather than document the existing deployed solution.

As I said, I did implement the PMTUD stuff in the icmp attacks draft. 
It now ships with OpenBSD and NetBSD, at least. And it's really easy 
to implement.

Regarding the mechanism you want to see (I'd say it's the same thing 
that's currently in the draft, except for what happens after the 
10-minute timeout), it will be the subject of some future 
standards-track draft. This one is informational, and documents what's done.



>>>Robustness also allows signalled connection faults to recover 
>>>quickly, rather than on the same timescale as a 'no message' 
>>>timeout. Yes, though, the devil is in the detail of what that timeout would be.
>>You say it allows a connection to recover quickly, but... why would 
>>it actually recover, if you are not affecting the path that packets follow?
>
>Recovery could involve the application terminating a poor connection 
>in favor of a better alternate, e.g., to a different IP address. By 
>prolonging the agony, we're failing to indicate that the connection 
>is having a substantial problem.

Well, this is even more agressive than the soft errors stuff/draft we 
have argued about for years. However, applications can already 
benefit of the soft errors behavior (what's described in the draft), 
but cannot currently benefit from what you propose.
They only loop through the A records while trying to establish a 
connection... but they don't loop through them if there's an error 
afterwards. The only exception to this might be an MTA.

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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> 
> I'd like to see a mechanism that's sufficiently easy to 
> implement that accomplishes the intent, even if it differs 
> from what's currently deployed. That presumes we're trying to 
> find a good solution, rather than document the existing 
> deployed solution.

IMO, there is nothing wrong in documenting the existing practices
prevailing in the internet. There is no point in waiting for a "good
solution" which is non-existent currently and supposed to serve as a
replacement for the current undocumented but widely accepted and
deployed solution. 

$0.02,
-Anantha 
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On Mon, Apr 07, 2008 at 11:43:24AM -0700, Ted Faber wrote:
> On Thu, Apr 03, 2008 at 02:49:29PM -0400, Mark Allman wrote:
> > =20
> > Folks-
> >=20
> > Attached are a first cut at minutes from the TCPM meeting in
> > Philadelphia.  Please let us know if there are corrections.  Also, there
> > is a "???" where there should be a name in the authentication option
> > discussion.  If that person could raise their hand, it'd be great.
>=20
> These are uploaded as the temporary minutes for TCPM.  They'll finalize
> on 11 Apr 2008.
>=20
> If you have changes, get them to us before that.

April 11 is upon us.  If you have changes, we need them now.

--=20
Ted Faber
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asc
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the TCP Maintenance and Minor Extensions Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : TCP's Reaction to Soft Errors
	Author(s)       : F. Gont
	Filename        : draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-soft-errors-08.txt
	Pages           : 16
	Date            : 2008-04-23

This document describes a non-standard, but widely implemented,
modification to TCP's handling of ICMP soft error messages, that
rejects pending connection-requests when those error messages are
received.  This behavior reduces the likelihood of long delays
between connection establishment attempts that may arise in a number
of scenarios, including one in which dual stack nodes that have IPv6
enabled by default are deployed in IPv4 or mixed IPv4 and IPv6
environments.

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	Title		: TCP Congestion Control
	Author(s)	: M. Allman
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tcpm-rfc2581bis-04.txt
	Pages		: 17
	Date		: 2008-4-30
	
This document defines TCP's four intertwined congestion control
    algorithms: slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and
    fast recovery.  In addition, the document specifies how TCP should
    begin transmission after a relatively long idle period, as well as
    discussing various acknowledgment generation methods.

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