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Hello, Joe,

Comments in-line....


> > So we have to issues:
> >
> > * Deprecate recv(2)/MSG_OOB and encourage SO_OOBINLINE. (with which you
> > seem to agree)
>
>That sounds like a Unix man page update, not an RFC.

RFC 793 specifies a minimalistic/generic API for TCP. Most (if not 
all) systems have misunderstood that API. And that's what I think 
should be clarified. recv(2)/MSG_OOB is simply an example of how the 
TCP API was misunderstood.



> > * Update RFC 793/RFC1122 wrt where the UP points to, to reflect what
> > everybody does and has been doing. (with which I don't know whether you
> > agree or not).
>
>Either this is an implementation error or it updates our definition of PUSH.

Push? Why Push?

And, well, you may take it as an "implementation error". But 
everybody has been ding this for... how long?... twenty years? If you 
were to push TCP implementations to implement the RFC1122-mandated 
semantics of the urgent pointer, that would simply break existing 
applciations, as that change is not backwards-compatible.

After twenty years of doing so, and with every stack doing it, it's 
completely unrealistic to expect any real system to move to the 
RFC1122 semantics of the Urgent Pointer (i.e., "the UP points to the 
last byte of urgent data" instead of "the urgent pointer points to 
the byte following the last byte of urgent data).

Keeping things "as they are" simply means that anybody trying to 
analyze real traffic and interpret it according to the existing 
specs, will be puzzled.

(FWIW, the same day I posted the announcement of our I-D, a TCP 
implementor of one of the major free OSes sent me an off-list note 
mentioning that he found our draft just in time, as he was in trouble 
trying to figure out what everybody was doing wrt TCP urgent data)



>If the former, it can be noted in the next version of the TCP
>implementation errors doc. If the latter, it would update 1122 - NOT
>793. As Dave noted, 1122 supercedes 793 on this issue.

Agreed. It would update RFC1122.



>I don't like the idea of continuing to document implementations that do
>not comply with current specs without either stating
>         a) this is BAD and should be fixed
>         b) this is GOOD and we're changing our spec

We are aiming at "b", if you want. It's not really that it is "good". 
It simply is. It's the real world. Ignoring the real world simply 
helps to have the specs become irrelevant.



>FWIW, so far, this looks to me like an implementation error, not a
>reason to change the spec.

At some point, the specs (RFC 793) were ambiguous. So implementations 
simply picked one of the possible intrepretations. The IETF later 
mandated the other possible interpretation. But nobody changed their 
stacks. And nobody will. At some point it may have been an 
implementation error. Nowadays... who cares? it's the de-facto standard.

What do others think about all this?

Thanks!

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the TCP Maintenance and Minor Extensions Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : Improving TCP's Robustness to Blind In-Window Attacks
	Author(s)       : A. Ramaiah, et al.
	Filename        : draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-11.txt
	Pages           : 27
	Date            : 2008-11-02

TCP has historically been considered protected against spoofed off-
path packet injection attacks by relying on the fact that it is
difficult to guess the 4-tuple (the source and destination IP
addresses and the source and destination ports) in combination with
the 32 bit sequence number(s).  A combination of increasing window
sizes and applications using longer term connections (e.g.  H-323 or
Border Gateway Protocol [RFC4271]) have left modern TCP
implementations more vulnerable to these types of spoofed packet
injection attacks.

Many of these long term TCP applications tend to have predictable IP
addresses and ports which makes it far easier for the 4-tuple
(4-tuple is the same as the socket pair mentioned in [RFC0793]) to be
guessed.  Having guessed the 4-tuple correctly, an attacker can
inject a TCP segment with the RST bit set, the SYN bit set or data
into a TCP connection by systematically guessing the sequence number
of the spoofed segment to be in the current receive window.  This can
cause the connection to abort or cause data corruption.  This
document specifies small modifications to the way TCP handles inbound
segments that can reduce the chances of a successful attack.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcpsecure-11.txt

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At 01:15 a.m. 03/11/2008, Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:

>TCP has historically been considered protected against spoofed off-
>path packet injection attacks by relying on the fact that it is
>difficult to guess the 4-tuple (the source and destination IP
>addresses and the source and destination ports) in combination with
>the 32 bit sequence number(s).  A combination of increasing window
>sizes and applications using longer term connections (e.g.  H-323 or
>Border Gateway Protocol [RFC4271]) have left modern TCP
>implementations more vulnerable to these types of spoofed packet
>injection attacks.

It was pointed out by a number of us (e.g., Joe Touch and me) that 
this document should probably reference the ongoing work at tsvwg on 
port randomization 
(http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tsvwg-port-randomization-02.txt).

Considering that nowadays TCP implementations such as that FreeBSD, 
OpenBSD, Linux, and Cisco itself do implement some form of ephemeral 
port randomization, some statements in the document wrt port 
randomization seem inacurate. (e.g., do *current* TCP implementations 
used for servicing BGP not randomize their ephemeral ports).

(FWIW, I don't care about our doc being referenced.... but talking 
about guessing the connection-id while ignoring what is currently 
being done about ephemeral port selection doesn't seem quite right to me).

Thanks!

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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This draft is a work item of the TCP Maintenance and Minor Extensions Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : Adding Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Capability to TCP's SYN/ACK Packets
	Author(s)       : S. Floyd, I. Property
	Filename        : draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-07.txt
	Pages           : 33
	Date            : 2008-11-03

This draft specifies a modification to RFC 3168 to allow TCP SYN/ACK
packets to be ECN-Capable.  For TCP, RFC 3168 only specifies setting
an ECN-Capable codepoint on data packets, and not on SYN and SYN/ACK
packets.  However, because of the high cost to the TCP transfer of
having a SYN/ACK packet dropped, with the resulting retransmit
timeout, this document specifies the use of ECN for the SYN/ACK
packet itself, when sent in response to a SYN packet with the two ECN
flags set in the TCP header, indicating a willingness to use ECN.
Setting the initial TCP SYN/ACK packet as ECN-Capable can be of great
benefit to the TCP connection, avoiding the severe penalty of a
retransmit timeout for a connection that has not yet started placing
a load on the network.  The TCP responder (the sender of the SYN/ACK
packet) must reply to a report of an ECN-marked SYN/ACK packet by
resending a SYN/ACK packet that is not ECN-Capable.  If the resent
SYN/ACK packet is acknowledged, then the TCP responder reduces its
initial congestion window from two, three, or four segments to one
segment, thereby reducing the subsequent load from that connection on
the network.  If instead the SYN/ACK packet is dropped, or for some
other reason the TCP responder does not receive an acknowledgement in
the specified time, the TCP responder follows TCP standards for a
dropped SYN/ACK packet (setting the retransmit timer).  This document
updates RFC 3168.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
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This draft is a work item of the TCP Maintenance and Minor Extensions Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : The TCP Authentication Option
	Author(s)       : J. Touch, et al.
	Filename        : draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-auth-opt-02.txt
	Pages           : 36
	Date            : 2008-11-03

This document specifies the TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO), which 
obsoletes the TCP MD5 Signature option of RFC-2385 (TCP MD5). TCP-AO 
specifies the use of stronger Message Authentication Codes (MACs), 
protects against replays even for long-lived TCP connections, and 
provides more details on the association of security with TCP 
connections than TCP MD5. TCP-AO is compatible with either static 
 
 
 keying or an external, out-of-band key management mechanism; in 
either case, TCP-AO also protects connections when using the same key 
across repeated instances of a connection. The result is intended to 
support current infrastructure uses of TCP MD5, such as to protect 
long-lived connections (as used, e.g., in BGP and LDP), and to 
support a larger set of MACs with minimal other system and 
operational changes. TCP-AO uses its own option identifier, even 
though used mutually exclusive of TCP MD5 on a given TCP connection. 
TCP-AO supports IPv6, and is fully compatible with the requirements 
for the replacement of TCP MD5.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-auth-opt-02.txt

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/

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From: "Eddy, Wesley M. (GRC-RCN0)[VZ]" <Wesley.M.Eddy@nasa.gov>
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Subject: [tcpm] intended status of UTO
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Although UTO has finished last-call and been submitted
for publication, Magnus has noted that there seemed to
be a question during last call about its intended status
that wasn't conclusively resolved.

Our ADs would like to make sure that there isn't going
to be a problem with publishing this as proposed standard,
and need the WG's feedback in order to advance the document.

By my homework, the charter item for UTO was written for
a proposed standard.  When I checked the archives, it
looked like Pasi was the only WGLC commenter that argued
for experimental, and on the other hand, Joe, Mark,
Caitlin, and Toby all seemed to support it as proposed
standard.  Versions 04 through 09 of the draft include
"Intended status: Standards Track".

However, in the IETF 68 minutes, I found this:
  * Lars and chairs did not remember if this is going for experimental
or
    proposed. Tim Shepard has preference for experimental.
    - Tim Shepherd: in San Diego asked this explicitly from chairs
during
      agenda bashing, they said the plan is for Experimental.
    - Lars: ok
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From: Lars Eggert <lars.eggert@nokia.com>
To: "ext Eddy, Wesley M. (GRC-RCN0)[VZ]" <Wesley.M.Eddy@nasa.gov>
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For the record, I don't care whether it goes PS or Exp.

Lars (as an author)

On 2008-11-4, at 16:36, ext Eddy, Wesley M. (GRC-RCN0)[VZ] wrote:

> Although UTO has finished last-call and been submitted
> for publication, Magnus has noted that there seemed to
> be a question during last call about its intended status
> that wasn't conclusively resolved.
>
> Our ADs would like to make sure that there isn't going
> to be a problem with publishing this as proposed standard,
> and need the WG's feedback in order to advance the document.
>
> By my homework, the charter item for UTO was written for
> a proposed standard.  When I checked the archives, it
> looked like Pasi was the only WGLC commenter that argued
> for experimental, and on the other hand, Joe, Mark,
> Caitlin, and Toby all seemed to support it as proposed
> standard.  Versions 04 through 09 of the draft include
> "Intended status: Standards Track".
>
> However, in the IETF 68 minutes, I found this:
>  * Lars and chairs did not remember if this is going for experimental
> or
>    proposed. Tim Shepard has preference for experimental.
>    - Tim Shepherd: in San Diego asked this explicitly from chairs
> during
>      agenda bashing, they said the plan is for Experimental.
>    - Lars: ok
> _______________________________________________
> tcpm mailing list
> tcpm@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm


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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Nov  5 04:52:56 2008
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Folks,

Since all the draft versions included

 "Intended status: Standards Track"

since more than 24 months without interruption, and this time
span included the WGLC period -- without complaints coming even
far close to WG consensus --, changing this aim *now* would not
make sense for me, unless strong new arguments can be shown up.

Don't forget:  This WG is chartered to maintenance and
minor extensions of TCP.  As this draft closes a gap in
existing specifications, it does precisely that, and it
should aim at an appropriate level on the Standards Track.

For all these reasons, I strongly support *not changing*
the intended status now.

Kind regards,
  Alfred.

-- 

+------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| TR-Sys Alfred Hoenes   |  Alfred Hoenes   Dipl.-Math., Dipl.-Phys.  |
| Gerlinger Strasse 12   |  Phone: (+49)7156/9635-0, Fax: -18         |
| D-71254  Ditzingen     |  E-Mail:  ah@TR-Sys.de                     |
+------------------------+--------------------------------------------+

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Eddy, Wesley M. (GRC-RCN0)[VZ] skrev:
> Although UTO has finished last-call and been submitted
> for publication, Magnus has noted that there seemed to
> be a question during last call about its intended status
> that wasn't conclusively resolved.
> =

> Our ADs would like to make sure that there isn't going
> to be a problem with publishing this as proposed standard,
> and need the WG's feedback in order to advance the document.
> =

> By my homework, the charter item for UTO was written for
> a proposed standard.  When I checked the archives, it
> looked like Pasi was the only WGLC commenter that argued
> for experimental, and on the other hand, Joe, Mark,
> Caitlin, and Toby all seemed to support it as proposed
> standard.  Versions 04 through 09 of the draft include
> "Intended status: Standards Track".
> =

> However, in the IETF 68 minutes, I found this:
>   * Lars and chairs did not remember if this is going for experimental
> or
>     proposed. Tim Shepard has preference for experimental.
>     - Tim Shepherd: in San Diego asked this explicitly from chairs
> during
>       agenda bashing, they said the plan is for Experimental.
>     - Lars: ok
> =


Hi,

I had hoped the WG chairs would simply declare that standards track was
the consensus of the WG last call. To me it is quite clear that this is
the case. The old IETF 68 minutes are far prior to the WG last call.
Thus I will declare that UTO will be IETF last called intended for
Standards Track. If anyone object about this they can send in a IETF
last call comment on this.

Cheers

Magnus Westerlund

IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
F=E4r=F6gatan 6                | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------
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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Nov  5 07:24:34 2008
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Subject: [tcpm] Last Call: draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-uto (TCP User Timeout Option)
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The IESG has received a request from the TCP Maintenance and Minor 
Extensions WG (tcpm) to consider the following document:

- 'TCP User Timeout Option '
   <draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-uto-09.txt> as a Proposed Standard

The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
final comments on this action.  Please send substantive comments to the
ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2008-11-25. Exceptionally, 
comments may be sent to iesg@ietf.org instead. In either case, please 
retain the beginning of the Subject line to allow automated sorting.

The file can be obtained via
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-uto-09.txt


IESG discussion can be tracked via
https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/pidtracker.cgi?command=view_id&dTag=13162&rfc_flag=0

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Cc: tcpm@ietf.org, "Eddy,
	Wesley M. \(GRC-RCN0\)\[VZ\]" <Wesley.M.Eddy@nasa.gov>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] intended status of UTO
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Ok, I'll clarify it.  The UTO document went through WGLC without  =

changing it to experimental, so it is standards track.  Wes' message  =

explicitly brought up this point, so that people could object if they  =

felt that wasn't true.  So far, no one has objected, so it is still  =

standards track.  As Magnus notes, any late-comers that want to object  =

will now have to do this during the IETF last call.

			-David Borman, TCPM WG co-chair

On Nov 5, 2008, at 7:11 AM, Magnus Westerlund wrote:

> Eddy, Wesley M. (GRC-RCN0)[VZ] skrev:
>> Although UTO has finished last-call and been submitted
>> for publication, Magnus has noted that there seemed to
>> be a question during last call about its intended status
>> that wasn't conclusively resolved.
>>
>> Our ADs would like to make sure that there isn't going
>> to be a problem with publishing this as proposed standard,
>> and need the WG's feedback in order to advance the document.
>>
>> By my homework, the charter item for UTO was written for
>> a proposed standard.  When I checked the archives, it
>> looked like Pasi was the only WGLC commenter that argued
>> for experimental, and on the other hand, Joe, Mark,
>> Caitlin, and Toby all seemed to support it as proposed
>> standard.  Versions 04 through 09 of the draft include
>> "Intended status: Standards Track".
>>
>> However, in the IETF 68 minutes, I found this:
>> * Lars and chairs did not remember if this is going for experimental
>> or
>>   proposed. Tim Shepard has preference for experimental.
>>   - Tim Shepherd: in San Diego asked this explicitly from chairs
>> during
>>     agenda bashing, they said the plan is for Experimental.
>>   - Lars: ok
>>
>
> Hi,
>
> I had hoped the WG chairs would simply declare that standards track  =

> was
> the consensus of the WG last call. To me it is quite clear that this  =

> is
> the case. The old IETF 68 minutes are far prior to the WG last call.
> Thus I will declare that UTO will be IETF last called intended for
> Standards Track. If anyone object about this they can send in a IETF
> last call comment on this.
>
> Cheers
>
> Magnus Westerlund
>
> IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
> F=E4r=F6gatan 6                | Fax   +46 8 7575550
> S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> _______________________________________________
> tcpm mailing list
> tcpm@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm

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We have (finally) revised draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn, on "Adding Explicit
Congestion Notification (ECN) Capability to TCP's SYN/ACK Packets",
and are finally ready for it to complete the standardization process.

Here is the story:

The draft had finished Working Group Last Call, and been forwarded
to the IESG for review.  As a final step in revising the draft
after the AD Evaluation, we (the authors) reran the simulations
with an updated version of the ns-2 simulator, and found that in
some highly congested scenarios, ECN+ would significantly increase
the packet drop rate even further.  (I am appending the 5/26/08
email below.)

In response to this, we have added a change to ECN+, which in
the new draft we call "ECN+/TryOnce".  With ECN+/TryOnce, when
an ECN-Capable SYN/ACK packet is ECN-marked, the TCP responder
sends another SYN/ACK packet that is not ECN-Capable, and also
reduces the initial window to one packet.  ECN+/TryOnce
shows most of the performance benefit of ECN+, and avoids the
problem of increasing the packet drop rate in times of high
congestion.

I think it makes sense to pass this through the working group
before going back to the IESG.  However, I won't be at IETF
in Minnesota, and am hoping that this can be done by email.

The new version of the draft is at:
"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-07",
and that web page also gives the differences with earlier
versions of the draft.  Any feedback would be appreciated.

Many thanks,
- Sally
http://www.icir.org/floyd/


Begin forwarded message:

> From: Lars Eggert <lars.eggert@nokia.com>
> Date: May 28, 2008 7:35:26 AM PDT
> To: ext Sally Floyd <sallyfloyd@mac.com>
> Cc: Mark Allman <mallman@icir.org>, Aleksandar Kuzmanovic <akuzma@northwestern.edu 
> >, "K. K. Ramakrishnan" <kkrama@research.att.com>, Ted Faber <faber@isi.edu 
> >, Amit Mondal <a-mondal@northwestern.edu>
> Subject: Re: AD review: draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-05
>
> Hi,
>
> thanks for the update. I'll move it back to a WG document in the  
> tracker in this case, and Ted and Mark will figure out what to do  
> with the new version when it comes out.
>
> On 2008-5-27, at 1:45, ext Sally Floyd wrote:
>> We need to modify the mechanism in ECN+ to deal with severely
>> congested networks.  (I fixed a bug in the simulator some time ago,
>> and the result was to uncover a problem with ECN+, in a few cases,
>> in highly congested networks.)   We are rerunning the simulations,
>> and I will let you know as soon as we have a revised version of the
>> draft.  I think we will have to report back to the working group
>> before moving on to the IESG.
>
> Thanks,
> Lars

Begin forwarded message:

> From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
> Date: November 3, 2008 12:30:01 PM PST
> To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
> Cc: tcpm@ietf.org
> Subject: [tcpm] I-D Action:draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-07.txt
>
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts  
> directories.
> This draft is a work item of the TCP Maintenance and Minor  
> Extensions Working Group of the IETF.
>
>
> 	Title           : Adding Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)  
> Capability to TCP's SYN/ACK Packets
> 	Author(s)       : S. Floyd, I. Property
> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-07.txt
> 	Pages           : 33
> 	Date            : 2008-11-03
>
> This draft specifies a modification to RFC 3168 to allow TCP SYN/ACK
> packets to be ECN-Capable.  For TCP, RFC 3168 only specifies setting
> an ECN-Capable codepoint on data packets, and not on SYN and SYN/ACK
> packets.  However, because of the high cost to the TCP transfer of
> having a SYN/ACK packet dropped, with the resulting retransmit
> timeout, this document specifies the use of ECN for the SYN/ACK
> packet itself, when sent in response to a SYN packet with the two ECN
> flags set in the TCP header, indicating a willingness to use ECN.
> Setting the initial TCP SYN/ACK packet as ECN-Capable can be of great
> benefit to the TCP connection, avoiding the severe penalty of a
> retransmit timeout for a connection that has not yet started placing
> a load on the network.  The TCP responder (the sender of the SYN/ACK
> packet) must reply to a report of an ECN-marked SYN/ACK packet by
> resending a SYN/ACK packet that is not ECN-Capable.  If the resent
> SYN/ACK packet is acknowledged, then the TCP responder reduces its
> initial congestion window from two, three, or four segments to one
> segment, thereby reducing the subsequent load from that connection on
> the network.  If instead the SYN/ACK packet is dropped, or for some
> other reason the TCP responder does not receive an acknowledgement in
> the specified time, the TCP responder follows TCP standards for a
> dropped SYN/ACK packet (setting the retransmit timer).  This document
> updates RFC 3168.
>
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-07.txt
>
> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
>
> Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
> implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
> Internet-Draft.

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> _______________________________________________
> tcpm mailing list
> tcpm@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm


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Subject: Re: [tcpm] I-D Action:draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-07.txt
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On 2008-11-6, at 2:04, ext Sally Floyd wrote:
> I think it makes sense to pass this through the working group
> before going back to the IESG.

I agree - the changes seem to be substantial.

Lars
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From: Alexander Zimmermann <Alexander.Zimmermann@nets.rwth-aachen.de>
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Subject: [tcpm] RFC 2883 (D-SACK), Section 5.1 Replication by the network
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Hi folks,

RFC 2883, Section 5.1 states that without D-SACK a TCP sender would
not know that a packet had been replicated in the network if the last  
ACK
was piggybacked on a data packet.

According 2581(bis) a TCP receiver should send immediately an DUPACK
when an out-of-order segment arrives. Furthermore, 2581bis says that a
DUPACK carries no data.

So, according to the DUPACK definition of 2581bis it seems to me that we
have no problem to detect a packet replication in case D-SACK is not
present. Right?

Alex

//
// Dipl.-Inform. Alexander Zimmermann
// Department of Computer Science, Informatik 4
// RWTH Aachen University
// Ahornstr. 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
// phone: (49-241) 80-21422, fax: (49-241) 80-22220
// email: zimmermann@cs.rwth-aachen.de
// web: http://www.umic-mesh.net
//


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<html><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Hi folks,<br><br>RFC 2883, =
Section 5.1 states that without D-SACK a TCP sender would<br>not know =
that a packet had been replicated in the network if the last ACK<br>was =
piggybacked on a data packet.<br><br>According 2581(bis) a TCP receiver =
should send immediately an DUPACK<br>when an out-of-order segment =
arrives. Furthermore, 2581bis says that a<br>DUPACK carries no =
data.<br><br>So, according to the DUPACK definition of 2581bis it seems =
to me that we<br>have no problem to detect a packet replication in case =
D-SACK is not<br>present. Right?<br><br>Alex<div><br><div =
apple-content-edited=3D"true"> <span class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: =
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; =
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; =
orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; =
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: =
0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><div style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: =
after-white-space; "><span class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: =
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; =
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; =
orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; =
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: =
after-white-space; "><div><div style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: =
normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">//</div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">// =
Dipl.-Inform. Alexander Zimmermann</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal =
normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">// Department of Computer =
Science, Informatik 4</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal =
12px/normal Helvetica; ">// RWTH Aachen University</div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">// =
Ahornstr. 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal =
normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">// phone: (49-241) 80-21422, fax: =
(49-241) 80-22220</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal =
12px/normal Helvetica; ">// email: <a =
href=3D"mailto:zimmermann@cs.rwth-aachen.de">zimmermann@cs.rwth-aachen.de<=
/a></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal =
12px/normal Helvetica; ">// web: <a =
href=3D"http://www.umic-mesh.net">http://www.umic-mesh.net</a></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; =
">//</div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div></span> =
</div><br></div></body></html>=

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Fernando Gont wrote:
> Hello, Joe,
...
> At some point, the specs (RFC 793) were ambiguous. So implementations
> simply picked one of the possible intrepretations. The IETF later
> mandated the other possible interpretation. But nobody changed their
> stacks. And nobody will. At some point it may have been an
> implementation error. Nowadays... who cares? it's the de-facto standard.

FWIW, there was an errata in RFC961 in 1985, that indicates that page 17
of RFC793 is incorrect, and that the pointer is to the last octet of
urgent data (not the first octet of non-urgent data).

That information is reiterated in RFC1122 in 1989, and is very specific
in overriding RFC793.  There is no remaining ambiguity. There is only
the difference between what is implemented and what the requirements state.

That does NOT make it a 'de-facto standard'; it can also be a 'de-facto
bug'.

The key question is why RFC1122 chose the "points to last URG byte"
interpretation, and why we think that should be changed. Simply
describing it as "what has been deployed" is insufficient justification
to call this anything other than a bug without further rationale.

If that rationale exists, it would be useful to provide it.

Joe

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At 06:37 p.m. 07/11/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

> > At some point, the specs (RFC 793) were ambiguous. So implementations
> > simply picked one of the possible intrepretations. The IETF later
> > mandated the other possible interpretation. But nobody changed their
> > stacks. And nobody will. At some point it may have been an
> > implementation error. Nowadays... who cares? it's the de-facto standard.
>
>FWIW, there was an errata in RFC961 in 1985, that indicates that page 17
>of RFC793 is incorrect, and that the pointer is to the last octet of
>urgent data (not the first octet of non-urgent data).

Agreed.



>That does NOT make it a 'de-facto standard'; it can also be a 'de-facto
>bug'.

Does this change anything? Do you expect anybody to change their 
implementations at this point in time? They would not even do it even 
if they wanted to (it would break existing apps) C'mon Joe...let's be 
realistic, please.



>The key question is why RFC1122 chose the "points to last URG byte"
>interpretation, and why we think that should be changed.

Because nobody has ever implemented that, there's not benefit in the 
RFC1122 behavior vs. the deployed behavior, and nobody is going to 
change their stacks in this respect at this point in time.



>Simply
>describing it as "what has been deployed" is insufficient justification
>to call this anything other than a bug without further rationale.

And... what would that change? Okay, I can answer this one for you: 
More and more people would look somewhere else to find out how the 
protocols work in practice.

P.S.: What was it called? "rough consensus and.... "?

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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Fernando Gont wrote:
...
>> Simply
>> describing it as "what has been deployed" is insufficient justification
>> to call this anything other than a bug without further rationale.
> 
> And... what would that change? Okay, I can answer this one for you: More
> and more people would look somewhere else to find out how the protocols
> work in practice.
> 
> P.S.: What was it called? "rough consensus and.... "?

It's not "running code." either.

We are not here to write documents that describe only what has been
implemented. We need to decide what the target is.

If you want merely to document "what is", that's a fine description for
a man page, but it doesn't provide utility in a standards body.

Joe
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At 10:47 p.m. 07/11/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

> > P.S.: What was it called? "rough consensus and.... "?
>
>It's not "running code." either.
>
>We are not here to write documents that describe only what has been
>implemented. We need to decide what the target is.

Again: Do you really expect anybody to change their stacks so that 
they become RFC1122-compliant in this respect???



>If you want merely to document "what is", that's a fine description for
>a man page, but it doesn't provide utility in a standards body.

Well, I guess that depends whether you want the specs to be useful 
for implementers, or not. I just hope that some of the kernel hackers 
that send comments off-list post something in this respect on-list.

FWIW, I guess we have to agree to disagree....

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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Note to the chairs:
This is an important topic for this WG, and I hope we will have time to
discuss it in Minneapolis.

Fernando Gont wrote:
> At 10:47 p.m. 07/11/2008, Joe Touch wrote:
> 
>> > P.S.: What was it called? "rough consensus and.... "?
>>
>> It's not "running code." either.
>>
>> We are not here to write documents that describe only what has been
>> implemented. We need to decide what the target is.
> 
> Again: Do you really expect anybody to change their stacks so that they
> become RFC1122-compliant in this respect???

I expect that, even if the IETF had a compliance process, the specs are
always out of sync with what is deployed, and represent what
implementations should try to achieve.

>> If you want merely to document "what is", that's a fine description for
>> a man page, but it doesn't provide utility in a standards body.
> 
> Well, I guess that depends whether you want the specs to be useful for
> implementers, or not. I just hope that some of the kernel hackers that
> send comments off-list post something in this respect on-list.

Implementers should design protocols to specs; they should design
applications to specs together with man pages and errata that discuss
where the two diverge.

IMO, the specs cannot constantly be downgraded to represent what is
implemented solely for that reason; downgrading can - and should - occur
if we, as a community, decide to change what we *want* the protocol to do.

Joe
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] RFC 2883 (D-SACK), Section 5.1 Replication by the	network
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Alexander Zimmermann spake unto us the following wisdom:
> RFC 2883, Section 5.1 states that without D-SACK a TCP sender would
> not know that a packet had been replicated in the network if the last =20
> ACK was piggybacked on a data packet.
>
> According 2581(bis) a TCP receiver should send immediately an DUPACK
> when an out-of-order segment arrives. Furthermore, 2581bis says that a
> DUPACK carries no data.
>
> So, according to the DUPACK definition of 2581bis it seems to me that we
> have no problem to detect a packet replication in case D-SACK is not
> present. Right?

The problem here is that you have no idea whether the dupack was
generated by a packet already received (entirely below RCV.NXT), or a
packet following a lost or as yet un-received packet (entirely beyond
RCV.NXT).  Both of these conditions generate a duplicate
acknowledgment.

Ethan

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At 02:51 p.m. 08/11/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

> > Again: Do you really expect anybody to change their stacks so that they
> > become RFC1122-compliant in this respect???
>
>I expect that, even if the IETF had a compliance process, the specs are
>always out of sync with what is deployed, and represent what
>implementations should try to achieve.

I understand what you mean, but I believe that there's a difference 
between simply being out of sync (i.e., the specs simply being ahead 
of time), and the specs specifying stuff that the implementations 
will never even try to implement.



> >> If you want merely to document "what is", that's a fine description for
> >> a man page, but it doesn't provide utility in a standards body.
> >
> > Well, I guess that depends whether you want the specs to be useful for
> > implementers, or not. I just hope that some of the kernel hackers that
> > send comments off-list post something in this respect on-list.
>
>Implementers should design protocols to specs; they should design
>applications to specs together with man pages and errata that discuss
>where the two diverge.

Man pages? We are talking about what is sent on the wire. We're 
talking about the semantics of the urgent pointer. Why should, e.g. a 
UNIX man page state whether the urgent pointer points to the last 
byte of urgent data vs. the byte following the last byte of urgent data??



>IMO, the specs cannot constantly be downgraded to represent what is
>implemented solely for that reason; downgrading can - and should - occur
>if we, as a community, decide to change what we *want* the protocol to do.

Joe, why do you imply that simply updating RFC1122 such that it 
states that the UP points to "the byte following the last byte of 
urgent data" is a downgrade? Could you please elaborate a little bit 
on why you think it would be a downgrade?

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
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Fernando Gont wrote:
> At 02:51 p.m. 08/11/2008, Joe Touch wrote:
> 
>> > Again: Do you really expect anybody to change their stacks so that they
>> > become RFC1122-compliant in this respect???
>>
>> I expect that, even if the IETF had a compliance process, the specs are
>> always out of sync with what is deployed, and represent what
>> implementations should try to achieve.
> 
> I understand what you mean, but I believe that there's a difference
> between simply being out of sync (i.e., the specs simply being ahead of
> time), and the specs specifying stuff that the implementations will
> never even try to implement.



> 
> 
> 
>> >> If you want merely to document "what is", that's a fine description
>> for
>> >> a man page, but it doesn't provide utility in a standards body.
>> >
>> > Well, I guess that depends whether you want the specs to be useful for
>> > implementers, or not. I just hope that some of the kernel hackers that
>> > send comments off-list post something in this respect on-list.
>>
>> Implementers should design protocols to specs; they should design
>> applications to specs together with man pages and errata that discuss
>> where the two diverge.
> 
> Man pages? We are talking about what is sent on the wire. We're talking
> about the semantics of the urgent pointer. Why should, e.g. a UNIX man
> page state whether the urgent pointer points to the last byte of urgent
> data vs. the byte following the last byte of urgent data??

The UNIX man page should explain where its implementation differs from
the spec. The BSD source code does, FWIW.

>> IMO, the specs cannot constantly be downgraded to represent what is
>> implemented solely for that reason; downgrading can - and should - occur
>> if we, as a community, decide to change what we *want* the protocol to
>> do.
> 
> Joe, why do you imply that simply updating RFC1122 such that it states
> that the UP points to "the byte following the last byte of urgent data"
> is a downgrade? Could you please elaborate a little bit on why you think
> it would be a downgrade?

I'm trying to have a general discussion about a series of I-Ds that you
have generated along these lines. In this case, we're talking about
downgrading from 1122 (and some earlier RFCs) to allow the ambiguity
from 793.

Joe
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At 09:10 p.m. 08/11/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

> > Joe, why do you imply that simply updating RFC1122 such that it states
> > that the UP points to "the byte following the last byte of urgent data"
> > is a downgrade? Could you please elaborate a little bit on why you think
> > it would be a downgrade?
>
>I'm trying to have a general discussion about a series of I-Ds that you
>have generated along these lines.

I don't understand what you mean by "along these lines". I don't 
think this document is in line with any other document I have published.

FWIW, I had not even planned to publish this "urgent data" draft. But 
while analyzing some stuff (including packet traces) with Andrew, we 
realized that the specs had nothing to do with what has actually been 
implemented.

It's a pain for implementers to find out that in many areas the 
specifications have nothing to do with what current impementations do 
(and, in this case, I'd say "with what implementations have always 
done, and still do").



>In this case, we're talking about
>downgrading from 1122 (and some earlier RFCs) to allow the ambiguity
>from 793.

No. We are talking about updating RFC 1122 so that the semantics of 
the UP are officially updated so that the specs (theory) agree with 
implementations (practice). We're not "downgrading" anything.

FWIW, I have already asked you to clarify why you think this is a "downgrade".

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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On Sunday 09 November 2008, Joe Touch wrote:
> > Man pages? We are talking about what is sent on the wire. We're talking
> > about the semantics of the urgent pointer. Why should, e.g. a UNIX man
> > page state whether the urgent pointer points to the last byte of urgent
> > data vs. the byte following the last byte of urgent data??
>
> The UNIX man page should explain where its implementation differs from
> the spec. The BSD source code does, FWIW.

What Fernando says (as far as i understand) is that we have a reality here 
where everyone does the X thing (where X may be "wrong"). This is a reality 
and we have to accept it.

After accepting that this actually happens, we must either (a) persuade 
everyone to change their implementation or (b) update the RFC.

It seems that (a) isn't possible since it will introduce a backward 
incompatibility and practically invalidate the urgent pointer as a whole.

Since everyone does the X thing we can easily update the RFC without 
practically changing the actual meaning (or interpretation since everyone 
does it already the other way) of UP.

RFCs MUST be at sync with the real world. Having RFCs that don't represent 
reality makes RFCs as a whole (or at least TCP related) less valuable and 
less respectable. This will also save time and pain from all current and 
future TCP implementors.
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At 10:29 a.m. 09/11/2008, Stefanos Harhalakis wrote:

>What Fernando says (as far as i understand) is that we have a reality here
>where everyone does the X thing (where X may be "wrong"). This is a reality
>and we have to accept it.
>
>After accepting that this actually happens, we must either (a) persuade
>everyone to change their implementation or (b) update the RFC.
>
>It seems that (a) isn't possible since it will introduce a backward
>incompatibility and practically invalidate the urgent pointer as a whole.
>
>Since everyone does the X thing we can easily update the RFC without
>practically changing the actual meaning (or interpretation since everyone
>does it already the other way) of UP.
>
>RFCs MUST be at sync with the real world. Having RFCs that don't represent
>reality makes RFCs as a whole (or at least TCP related) less valuable and
>less respectable. This will also save time and pain from all current and
>future TCP implementors.

Exactly!

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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On Sat, 8 Nov 2008, Joe Touch wrote:

> I expect that, even if the IETF had a compliance process, the specs are
> always out of sync with what is deployed, and represent what
> implementations should try to achieve.

I think you did not mention one step before that - that the creation of 
the specs in the first place is to ensure the interoperability, not just 
for the sake of the specs themselves.

If the interoperability is already achieved by other means ("the running 
code" deployed everywhere), the specs become irrelevant. If then complying 
to the specs breaks that interoperability, they become outright harmful.

> Implementers should design protocols to specs; they should design
> applications to specs together with man pages and errata that discuss
> where the two diverge.

After reading the set of what I could find - the only conclusion 
regarding TCP Urgent that I could come to if I was designing an 
application - "Don't use it. At all."

On a related note, my understanding from reading the 
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms740102(VS.85).aspx is that when 
the callers use SO_OOBINLINE in an attempt to be the "RFC-compliant", the 
urgent flag and pointer are pretty much a no-op altogether - maybe someone 
could correct me if I missed something:

"Note  When the SO_OOBINLINE socket option is set, the SIOCATMARK IOCTL 
always returns TRUE, and OOB data is returned to the user as normal 
data."

>
> IMO, the specs cannot constantly be downgraded to represent what is
> implemented solely for that reason; downgrading can - and should - occur
> if we, as a community, decide to change what we *want* the protocol to do.
>

This is a good point - so I will take a risk of being burned in-place for 
heresy :) - and will put a few open questions of a broader scope to the 
community:

1) Given the state of the matters and practical experience, are the OOB 
notifications (which TCP Urgent boils down to?) utilised enough in the 
today's (and tomorrow's) world to have them as part of the "core" protocol 
header as opposed to being an option ?

(searching suggests this has already been on the table back in '94 as one 
of the "small changes" within the tcpng bounds - but I was not able to 
find any discussions on the topic - I presume they happened offline - so 
would very much appreciate an enlightenment from someone who happened to 
be part of those discussions).

2) Would we want to more effectively utilise these 16 bits in the TCP 
header (assuming the URG flag rests at "0"), rather than transmitting two 
zero bytes for 99.99% of the cases ?

thanks,
andrew
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From: "Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)" <ananth@cisco.com>
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<snip>
 
> Fernando Gont wrote:
> ...
> >> Simply
> >> describing it as "what has been deployed" is insufficient 
> >> justification to call this anything other than a bug 
> without further rationale.
> > 
> > And... what would that change? Okay, I can answer this one for you: 
> > More and more people would look somewhere else to find out how the 
> > protocols work in practice.
> > 
> > P.S.: What was it called? "rough consensus and.... "?
> 
> It's not "running code." either.
> 
> We are not here to write documents that describe only what 
> has been implemented. We need to decide what the target is.
> 
> If you want merely to document "what is", that's a fine 
> description for a man page, but it doesn't provide utility in 
> a standards body.

Why wouldn't BCP help in this case ? Esp. if you are trying to document
what is widely being done and also has agreement with the standards.

-Anantha
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From: "Eddy, Wesley M. (GRC-RCN0)[VZ]" <Wesley.M.Eddy@nasa.gov>
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Yes, it's on the meeting agenda, currently at the very end.
=20
I have a question for the authors.  The survey you did of different OSes
and how they handle urgent data is good; did you do any similar study
of applications and which ones attempt to use urgent data?
=20
=20


________________________________

From: tcpm-bounces@ietf.org on behalf of Joe Touch
Sent: Sat 11/8/2008 11:51 AM
To: Fernando Gont
Cc: ah@tr-sys.de; tcpm@ietf.org; David Borman; ayourtch@cisco.com
Subject: Re: [tcpm] Fwd: New Version Notification =
fordraft-gont-tcpm-urgent-data-00



-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
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Note to the chairs:
This is an important topic for this WG, and I hope we will have time to
discuss it in Minneapolis.




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<HTML dir=3Dltr><HEAD><TITLE>Re: [tcpm] Fwd: New Version Notification =
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<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Yes, it's on =
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<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I have a question for the =
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data is good; did you do any similar study</FONT></DIV>=0A=
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At 01:47 a.m. 10/11/2008, Eddy, Wesley M. (GRC-RCN0)[VZ] wrote:

>I have a question for the authors.  The survey you did of different OSes
>and how they handle urgent data is good; did you do any similar study
>of applications and which ones attempt to use urgent data?

Not yet.

For open source ones I guess we could simply grep lots and lots of 
source files. For others it might be a little bit more difficult. I 
recall being told that e.g., MS SQL uses urgent data... and there may 
be many others...

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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On Mon, 10 Nov 2008, Fernando Gont wrote:

> At 01:47 a.m. 10/11/2008, Eddy, Wesley M. (GRC-RCN0)[VZ] wrote:
>
>> I have a question for the authors.  The survey you did of different OSes
>> and how they handle urgent data is good; did you do any similar study
>> of applications and which ones attempt to use urgent data?
>
> Not yet.
>
> For open source ones I guess we could simply grep lots and lots of source 
> files. For others it might be a little bit more difficult. I recall being 
> told that e.g., MS SQL uses urgent data... and there may be many others...

I think it was oracle SQL*Net:
http://www.stanford.edu/dept/itss/docs/oracle/10g/network.101/b10776/sqlnet.htm

Default is to "use urgent data". I'll try to find an oracle install to see 
what the "urgent data" constitutes there.

One other possible candidate (to be verified) might include Citrix 
terminal server traffic (the anecdotal evidence taken from snort-users 
archive, e.g.: http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/snort/2001-08/0787.html)

However, both are "closed domain" applications - i.e., usually both 
ends of them are under single administrative domain, so regardless of 
which behaviour they use, standards compliant or not, it can be solved 
with configuration.

The bigger problem is for internet-wide applications, e.g. for FTP, whose 
ABOR command appears to utilise the TCP Urgent as well. Ironically, the 
standard command-line ftp client on linux is BSD, so all the 
"standards-compliant" servers are effectively "broken" by default.

There could be some more proprietary apps as well, since the searchable 
discussion forums on the internet include quite a lot of discussions on 
this topic from the puzzled application programmers.

thanks,
andrew
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] RFC 2883 (D-SACK), Section 5.1 Replication by the	network
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Am 08.11.2008 um 20:59 schrieb Ethan Blanton:

> Alexander Zimmermann spake unto us the following wisdom:
>> RFC 2883, Section 5.1 states that without D-SACK a TCP sender would
>> not know that a packet had been replicated in the network if the last
>> ACK was piggybacked on a data packet.
>>
>> According 2581(bis) a TCP receiver should send immediately an DUPACK
>> when an out-of-order segment arrives. Furthermore, 2581bis says  
>> that a
>> DUPACK carries no data.
>>
>> So, according to the DUPACK definition of 2581bis it seems to me  
>> that we
>> have no problem to detect a packet replication in case D-SACK is not
>> present. Right?
>
> The problem here is that you have no idea whether the dupack was
> generated by a packet already received (entirely below RCV.NXT), or a
> packet following a lost or as yet un-received packet (entirely beyond
> RCV.NXT).  Both of these conditions generate a duplicate
> acknowledgment.
>
> Ethan


Hi Ethan,

you are completely right. However, in the example of section 5.1 it is  
assumed that no segment is lost.
IMHO the example is not correct (anymore) since it is assumed that a  
DUPACK can be piggyback on a data packet.
According to 2581bis a DUPACK carries no data.

Alex

//
// Dipl.-Inform. Alexander Zimmermann
// Department of Computer Science, Informatik 4
// RWTH Aachen University
// Ahornstr. 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
// phone: (49-241) 80-21422, fax: (49-241) 80-22220
// email: zimmermann@cs.rwth-aachen.de
// web: http://www.umic-mesh.net
//


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<html><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><blockquote type=3D"cite" =
class=3D""><span class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"-webkit-text-stroke-width: -1; "></span></blockquote><div>Am =
08.11.2008 um 20:59 schrieb Ethan =
Blanton:</div><div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D""><span =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); =
"><div><blockquote type=3D"cite"><div></div></blockquote></div>Alexander =
Zimmermann spake unto us the following wisdom:<br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">RFC 2883, Section 5.1 states that without D-SACK a TCP =
sender would<br></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite">not know that a =
packet had been replicated in the network if the =
last<br></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite">ACK was piggybacked on a =
data packet.<br></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite">According =
2581(bis) a TCP receiver should send immediately an =
DUPACK<br></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite">when an out-of-order =
segment arrives. Furthermore, 2581bis says that =
a<br></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite">DUPACK carries no =
data.<br></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite">So, according =
to the DUPACK definition of 2581bis it seems to me that =
we<br></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite">have no problem to detect a =
packet replication in case D-SACK is not<br></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">present. Right?<br></blockquote><br>The problem here is =
that you have no idea whether the dupack was<br>generated by a packet =
already received (entirely below RCV.NXT), or a<br>packet following a =
lost or as yet un-received packet (entirely beyond<br>RCV.NXT). =
&nbsp;Both of these conditions generate a =
duplicate<br>acknowledgment.<br><br>Ethan</span></blockquote><br></div><di=
v><br></div><div>Hi Ethan,</div><div><br></div><div>you are completely =
right. However, in the example of section 5.1 it is assumed that =
no&nbsp;segment&nbsp;is lost.</div><div>IMHO the example is not correct =
(anymore) since it is assumed that a DUPACK can be piggyback on a data =
packet.</div><div>According to&nbsp;2581bis a DUPACK carries no =
data.</div><div><br></div><div>Alex</div></div><div><br><div =
apple-content-edited=3D"true"> <span class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: =
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; =
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0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><div style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: =
after-white-space; "><span class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: =
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; =
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; =
orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; =
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: =
after-white-space; "><div><div style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: =
normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">//</div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">// =
Dipl.-Inform. Alexander Zimmermann</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal =
normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">// Department of Computer =
Science, Informatik 4</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal =
12px/normal Helvetica; ">// RWTH Aachen University</div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">// =
Ahornstr. 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal =
normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">// phone: (49-241) 80-21422, fax: =
(49-241) 80-22220</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal =
12px/normal Helvetica; ">// email: <a =
href=3D"mailto:zimmermann@cs.rwth-aachen.de">zimmermann@cs.rwth-aachen.de<=
/a></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal =
12px/normal Helvetica; ">// web: <a =
href=3D"http://www.umic-mesh.net">http://www.umic-mesh.net</a></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; =
">//</div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div></span> =
</div><br></div></body></html>=

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Subject: Re: [tcpm] RFC 2883 (D-SACK), Section 5.1 Replication by the	network
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Alexander Zimmermann spake unto us the following wisdom:
> Am 08.11.2008 um 20:59 schrieb Ethan Blanton:
>> Alexander Zimmermann spake unto us the following wisdom:
>>>
>>> According 2581(bis) a TCP receiver should send immediately an DUPACK
>>> when an out-of-order segment arrives. Furthermore, 2581bis says that=20
>>> a DUPACK carries no data.
>>>
>>> So, according to the DUPACK definition of 2581bis it seems to me that
>>> we have no problem to detect a packet replication in case D-SACK is
>>> not present. Right?
>>
>> The problem here is that you have no idea whether the dupack was
>> generated by a packet already received (entirely below RCV.NXT), or a
>> packet following a lost or as yet un-received packet (entirely beyond
>> RCV.NXT).  Both of these conditions generate a duplicate
>> acknowledgment.
>
> you are completely right. However, in the example of section 5.1 it is =
=20
> assumed that no segment is lost.
> IMHO the example is not correct (anymore) since it is assumed that a =20
> DUPACK can be piggyback on a data packet.
> According to 2581bis a DUPACK carries no data.

You lost me, somewhere.

In the example you quote there is indeed no loss, but the example does
not need to show loss to model the utility of DSACK.  The point is,
that without the DSACK block, the sending TCP would have no way to
know that in fact there *wasn't* loss, and would have to assume that
the dupack coming back indicated that a segment above RCV.NXT had
arrived out of order.

Perhaps you should show an example timeline of packet events which you
believe unambiguously indicates that a segment was received in
duplicate.

Ethan

--=20
The laws that forbid the carrying of arms are laws [that have no remedy
for evils].  They disarm only those who are neither inclined nor
determined to commit crimes.
		-- Cesare Beccaria, "On Crimes and Punishments", 1764

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Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2008 09:55:08 +0100
From: Alexander Zimmermann <Alexander.Zimmermann@nets.rwth-aachen.de>
In-reply-to: <20081111204111.GA13466@elb.elitists.net>
To: Ethan Blanton <eblanton@cs.ohiou.edu>
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Cc: tcpm@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [tcpm] RFC 2883 (D-SACK), Section 5.1 Replication by the	network
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Hi Ethan,

sorry that I confused you :-)

For the moment, please forget the example I quoted.

The problem that I have is maybe only a phrasing problem in RFC 2883.

Read this (RFC 2883, page 13, last paragraph):

"If D-SACK was not used and one of the ***duplicate ACKs was piggybacked
on a data packet***, the sender would not know how many duplicate  
packets
had been received."

and now read this (Draft 2581bis, page 3):

"DUPLICATE ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
An acknowledgment is considered a "duplicate" in the following  
algorithms when
(a) the receiver of the ACK has outstanding data,
(b) ***the incoming acknowledgment carries no data,***
..."

Do you see my problem?

Alex

Am 11.11.2008 um 21:41 schrieb Ethan Blanton:

> Alexander Zimmermann spake unto us the following wisdom:
>> Am 08.11.2008 um 20:59 schrieb Ethan Blanton:
>>> Alexander Zimmermann spake unto us the following wisdom:
>>>>
>>>> According 2581(bis) a TCP receiver should send immediately an  
>>>> DUPACK
>>>> when an out-of-order segment arrives. Furthermore, 2581bis says  
>>>> that
>>>> a DUPACK carries no data.
>>>>
>>>> So, according to the DUPACK definition of 2581bis it seems to me  
>>>> that
>>>> we have no problem to detect a packet replication in case D-SACK is
>>>> not present. Right?
>>>
>>> The problem here is that you have no idea whether the dupack was
>>> generated by a packet already received (entirely below RCV.NXT),  
>>> or a
>>> packet following a lost or as yet un-received packet (entirely  
>>> beyond
>>> RCV.NXT).  Both of these conditions generate a duplicate
>>> acknowledgment.
>>
>> you are completely right. However, in the example of section 5.1 it  
>> is
>> assumed that no segment is lost.
>> IMHO the example is not correct (anymore) since it is assumed that a
>> DUPACK can be piggyback on a data packet.
>> According to 2581bis a DUPACK carries no data.
>
> You lost me, somewhere.
>
> In the example you quote there is indeed no loss, but the example does
> not need to show loss to model the utility of DSACK.  The point is,
> that without the DSACK block, the sending TCP would have no way to
> know that in fact there *wasn't* loss, and would have to assume that
> the dupack coming back indicated that a segment above RCV.NXT had
> arrived out of order.
>
> Perhaps you should show an example timeline of packet events which you
> believe unambiguously indicates that a segment was received in
> duplicate.
>
> Ethan
>
> -- 
> The laws that forbid the carrying of arms are laws [that have no  
> remedy
> for evils].  They disarm only those who are neither inclined nor
> determined to commit crimes.
> 		-- Cesare Beccaria, "On Crimes and Punishments", 1764

//
// Dipl.-Inform. Alexander Zimmermann
// Department of Computer Science, Informatik 4
// RWTH Aachen University
// Ahornstr. 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
// phone: (49-241) 80-21422, fax: (49-241) 80-22220
// email: zimmermann@cs.rwth-aachen.de
// web: http://www.umic-mesh.net
//


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<html><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; =
">Hi&nbsp;Ethan,<div><br></div><div>sorry that I confused you =
:-)</div><div><br></div><div>For the moment, please forget the example I =
quoted.</div><div><br></div><div>The problem that I have is maybe only =
a&nbsp;phrasing&nbsp;problem in RFC 2883.</div><div><br></div><div>Read =
this (RFC 2883, page 13, last paragraph):</div><div><br></div><div>"If =
D-SACK was not used and one of the ***duplicate ACKs was =
piggybacked</div><div>on a data packet***, the sender would not know how =
many duplicate
   packets</div><div>had been received."</div><div><br></div><div>and =
now read this (Draft 2581bis, page =
3):</div><div><br></div><div>"DUPLICATE ACKNOWLEDGMENT:</div><div>An =
acknowledgment is considered a&nbsp;"duplicate" in the following =
algorithms when</div><div>(a) the receiver of&nbsp;the ACK has =
outstanding data,</div><div>(b) ***the incoming =
acknowledgment&nbsp;carries no =
data,***</div><div>..."</div><div><br></div><div>Do you see my =
problem?</div><div><br></div><div>Alex</div><div><br><div><div>Am =
11.11.2008 um 21:41 schrieb Ethan Blanton:</div><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><div>Alexander Zimmermann spake unto us the following =
wisdom:<br><blockquote type=3D"cite">Am 08.11.2008 um 20:59 schrieb =
Ethan Blanton:<br></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">Alexander Zimmermann spake unto us the following =
wisdom:<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><blockquote=
 type=3D"cite"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">According 2581(bis) a TCP receiver should send immediately =
an DUPACK<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite">when =
an out-of-order segment arrives. Furthermore, 2581bis says that =
<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite">a =
DUPACK carries no =
data.<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite">So, =
according to the DUPACK definition of 2581bis it seems to me =
that<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite">we =
have no problem to detect a packet replication in case D-SACK =
is<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite">not =
present. Right?<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite">The problem here is that you =
have no idea whether the dupack =
was<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">generated by a packet already received (entirely below =
RCV.NXT), or a<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite">packet following a lost or as =
yet un-received packet (entirely =
beyond<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">RCV.NXT). &nbsp;Both of these conditions generate a =
duplicate<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">acknowledgment.<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite">you are =
completely right. However, in the example of section 5.1 it is =
&nbsp;<br></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite">assumed that no segment =
is lost.<br></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite">IMHO the example is =
not correct (anymore) since it is assumed that a =
&nbsp;<br></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite">DUPACK can be piggyback =
on a data packet.<br></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite">According to =
2581bis a DUPACK carries no data.<br></blockquote><br>You lost me, =
somewhere.<br><br>In the example you quote there is indeed no loss, but =
the example does<br>not need to show loss to model the utility of DSACK. =
&nbsp;The point is,<br>that without the DSACK block, the sending TCP =
would have no way to<br>know that in fact there *wasn't* loss, and would =
have to assume that<br>the dupack coming back indicated that a segment =
above RCV.NXT had<br>arrived out of order.<br><br>Perhaps you should =
show an example timeline of packet events which you<br>believe =
unambiguously indicates that a segment was received =
in<br>duplicate.<br><br>Ethan<br><br>-- <br>The laws that forbid the =
carrying of arms are laws [that have no remedy<br>for evils]. &nbsp;They =
disarm only those who are neither inclined nor<br>determined to commit =
crimes.<br><span class=3D"Apple-tab-span" style=3D"white-space:pre">	=
</span><span class=3D"Apple-tab-span" style=3D"white-space:pre">	=
</span>-- Cesare Beccaria, "On Crimes and Punishments", =
1764<br></div></blockquote></div><br><div apple-content-edited=3D"true"> =
<span class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"border-collapse: separate; =
color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; =
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; =
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: =
auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; =
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><div style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: =
after-white-space; "><span class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: =
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; =
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; =
orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; =
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: =
after-white-space; "><div><div style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: =
normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">//</div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">// =
Dipl.-Inform. Alexander Zimmermann</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal =
normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">// Department of Computer =
Science, Informatik 4</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal =
12px/normal Helvetica; ">// RWTH Aachen University</div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">// =
Ahornstr. 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal =
normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">// phone: (49-241) 80-21422, fax: =
(49-241) 80-22220</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal =
12px/normal Helvetica; ">// email: <a =
href=3D"mailto:zimmermann@cs.rwth-aachen.de">zimmermann@cs.rwth-aachen.de<=
/a></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal =
12px/normal Helvetica; ">// web: <a =
href=3D"http://www.umic-mesh.net">http://www.umic-mesh.net</a></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; =
">//</div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div></span> =
</div><br></div></body></html>=

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Andrew Yourtchenko wrote:
...
> After reading the set of what I could find - the only conclusion
> regarding TCP Urgent that I could come to if I was designing an
> application - "Don't use it. At all."

I'm wondering what the current uses are; if they misuse urgent, then
fixing the specs won't help. Maybe we should instead deprecate the
function altogether?

> 1) Given the state of the matters and practical experience, are the OOB
> notifications (which TCP Urgent boils down to?) utilised enough in the
> today's (and tomorrow's) world to have them as part of the "core"
> protocol header as opposed to being an option ?
> 
> (searching suggests this has already been on the table back in '94 as
> one of the "small changes" within the tcpng bounds - but I was not able
> to find any discussions on the topic - I presume they happened offline -
> so would very much appreciate an enlightenment from someone who happened
> to be part of those discussions).
> 
> 2) Would we want to more effectively utilise these 16 bits in the TCP
> header (assuming the URG flag rests at "0"), rather than transmitting
> two zero bytes for 99.99% of the cases ?

If we can't get the community to implement Urgent as per spec, we
probably can't reassign those bits either.

Joe
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Alexander Zimmermann spake unto us the following wisdom:
> For the moment, please forget the example I quoted.
n>
> The problem that I have is maybe only a phrasing problem in RFC 2883.
>
> Read this (RFC 2883, page 13, last paragraph):
>
> "If D-SACK was not used and one of the ***duplicate ACKs was
> piggybacked on a data packet***, the sender would not know how many
> duplicate packets had been received."

OK, so this is unlikely to happen -- but note that the following
sentence covers exactly the situation where it does not.

> and now read this (Draft 2581bis, page 3):
>
> "DUPLICATE ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
> An acknowledgment is considered a "duplicate" in the following =20
> algorithms when
> (a) the receiver of the ACK has outstanding data,
> (b) ***the incoming acknowledgment carries no data,***
> ..."
>
> Do you see my problem?

Yes and no -- I see that 2883 describes, in part of one example, a
situation which is unlikely, and which requires that a duplicate
acknowledgment is defined in a broader sense than 2581bis.  (However,
note that 2581bis says that "Out-of-order data segments SHOULD be
acknowledged immediately, in order to accelerate loss recovery."  It
seems to me that a TCP stack which is choosing not to implement
SACK/DSACK might reasonably interpret this SHOULD in such a way that
suppresses immediate dupacks specifically for
already-received-and-acknowledged data, allowing the normal delayed
ACK timer to handle that case.  I'm not going to make an argument
either way, but I do point out that the requirement you are citing is
only a SHOULD.

I say "yes and no" because I don't see why this is an issue, or why we
should care.  So there's an example in 2883, part of which describes
an unlikely situation; the conclusion drawn from the example is still
valid.  Where is the problem?  Again, I suggest that you provide a
sequence of events which you believe indicates that DSACKs (or some
alternate explicit mechanism, such as Reiner Ludwig's clever Eifel
bits) are not required to disambiguate duplicate segment reception
=66rom general out-of-order packet reception.

Ethan

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At 01:38 p.m. 12/11/2008, Joe Touch wrote:

> > After reading the set of what I could find - the only conclusion
> > regarding TCP Urgent that I could come to if I was designing an
> > application - "Don't use it. At all."
>
>I'm wondering what the current uses are;

As far as I have been able to check (not that much), "urgent data" is 
used in what you'd call legacy applications (telnet, login, ftp) and 
some databases (I had been told MS SQL used it).


>if they misuse urgent, then
>fixing the specs won't help.

FWIW, one could argue that they do misuses urgent.

Basically, there are two things every app does wrt "urgent data"

1) They interpret the semantics of the UP incorrectly. (they 
interpret the UP as pointing to the byte following the last byte of 
urgent data, rather than pointing to the last byte of urgent data).
2) They read urgent data OOB.

#1 can be easily "accommodated" by updating RFC1122. It's not that I 
"really love the idea", but I'm being pragmatic: it doesn't hurt, 
doesn't break anything, and keeps the specs relevant.

While one could argue that #2 is simply broken, after all the 
end-result is the same: you discard everything up to the urgent mark. 
Also, as there are not that many applications using urgent data, it 
would not be crazy to expect/pretend that they get fixed (by having 
hem set SO_OOBINLINE).



>Maybe we should instead deprecate the function altogether?

Honestly speaking, this is what Andrew and me really and in mind, but 
we thought the proposal would sound controversial to many. :-) So we 
decided to trigger discussion on these issues, and propose (in the 
very first version of the draft) just to "fix" (for some meaning of 
"fix) urgent data, rather than deprecating it.

I'll be putting on-line a rev of the urgent data soon, that better 
reflects the options we have on the table, the feedback we have got 
so far, etc., and probably even some survey of the apps that use 
urgent data. I guess that might help to decide which specific path to pursue.

How does this sound?



> > 2) Would we want to more effectively utilise these 16 bits in the TCP
> > header (assuming the URG flag rests at "0"), rather than transmitting
> > two zero bytes for 99.99% of the cases ?
>
>If we can't get the community to implement Urgent as per spec, we
>probably can't reassign those bits either.

I guess we could find some backwards-compatible approach to reassign 
the URG bits and the UP.....

Thanks!

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
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Fernando Gont wrote:
...
> I'll be putting on-line a rev of the urgent data soon, that better
> reflects the options we have on the table, the feedback we have got so
> far, etc., and probably even some survey of the apps that use urgent
> data. I guess that might help to decide which specific path to pursue.
> 
> How does this sound?

Good idea...

Joe
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Date: Sat, 15 Nov 2008 13:33:28 -0800
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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Subject: [tcpm] Review of draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-auth-opt-05
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$Id: draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-auth-opt-05-rev.txt,v 1.1 2008/11/15 20:50:05 ekr Exp $

Overall, this document is substantially improved. However, 
a number of the issues I raised in previous reviews remain:

OLD ISSUES
In particular, I wrote:

    I don't think this API, specification of the TSAD, etc., is
    particularly helpful. IPsec needed the concept of an association
    database because packets corresponding to multiple associations
    got similar treatment. However, TCP has an explicit notion
    of connection so it would be far more convenient to simply
    refer to keys as tied to connections, and then have a set
    of rules for mapping which connections get which keys.
    
    Even if some TSAD-type abstraction is useful, I don't think
    it's appropriate to define things like the size of each
    parameter in the TSAD as opposed to on the wire, or to
    describe the default values of various parameters as in
    S 3. For instance:
    
             iii. Key length. A byte indicating the length of the 
                   connection key in bytes.  
    
    Those are internal implementation issues. Certainly, I might
    want to use a native int in my implementation. Why should
    this document tell me otherwise?

In response to my previous review, Joe indicated that:

    The TSAD API needs to be specified in detail because the key management 
    solution needs to rely on that information.

I don't agree that it's necessary to define *any* API. What's
necessary is to define clear boundaries between the packet processing
system and the key management system (if any). I don't see that it's
necessary to be specified at the level of "this parameter is a byte".
If you want enough specificity that uncooperating implementors could
independently develop these components and have them work together out
of the box, then you need to explicitly define much more material,
i.e., argument order, struct packing, error formats, calling sequences
etc. In other words, you should either be defining language bindings
or a formal language like IDL. Absent that, I don't agree that 
defining the length of the fields containing these parameters is of
any value. It's particularly odd to focus on the length of the
parameters and not specify (for instance) the signedness or the
bit order.


WRT to S 3 (now in S 6) I wrote:

               >> At least one direction (inbound/outbound) SHOULD have 
               a non-"NONE" MAC in practice, but this MUST NOT be 
               strictly required by an implementation.  

     1. This seems like a bad idea. It's very hard to analyze the security
     properties of a connection when only one side is protected. To take
     one case that is obviously bad, if you're worried about DoS attacks
     and you use TCP-AO, then forging packets in either direction can
     bring it down. I would reverse this and require MACs in both directions.
     
     2. Even if we stipulate that this might be an OK idea, it's not
     appropriate to require implementations to support it.

No good reason has ever been offered for this feature. Given the above
reasoning, I propose it be removed.


S 1.1.
   o  TCP-AO replaces MD5's single MAC algorithm with two prespecified 
      MACs (TBD-WG-MACS), and allows extension to include other MACs. 

I remain unconvinced that defining two MACs as MTI does anything but
add complexity.


NEW TECHNICAL ISSUES
Overall
I'm wondering if we should specify heuristics or algorithms for
key changeover. Here's what I mean: Alice and Bob are currently
using Key 1 and they want to change over to Key 2. At time 
T0, Alice installs Key 2, but she can't start transmitting with
it until she knows that Bob has installed it. At time T1,
Bob installs Key 2. Now, if he knows that Alice installed first,
he can start using it, but if he does and Alice hasn't, then
packets start getting dropped. Finally, once Bob has installed
Key 2, he needs to tell Alice that he has installed Key 2
so he can switch over. This is a lot of manual coordination.

Lebovitz and I spent some time the other day trying to make this
problem easier and here's what we came up with. 

1. As soon as a node receives a segment protected with Key X
   (and verifies it, of course) it can conclude that the peer
   knows Key X and start using Key X to transmit with.
2. Once a peer has had a new key installed, it should periodically
   send a segment protected with that key. Note that the interval
   here should be low enough that if the verification fails it
   doesn't cause TCP to back off really far. But other than that,
   it doesn't matter how it's set. [Maybe there's some TCP wizardry
   here to decrease the effect, like you only treat ACKs this way
   or something...]

I'm assuming there's some concept of ordering or priority where key
X is assumed to be better (newer) than Y. That seems easy to have.

Anyway, the point of this algorithm is that Alice and Bob can 
independently configure new keys and then the system will automatically
detect when they both have them configured and start using them
without any explicit coordination over when the keys are installed.



S 4.
I found this ESN management algorithm extremely hard to follow.
For starters, no initial values are provided for {SND,RCV}.PREV_SEQ,
which makes it hard to see even where to start. 

Aside from that, let's look at the first line:

         ROLL = (RCV.PREV_SEQ > 0xffff) && (SEG.SEQ < 0xffff); 

Why is 0xffff magic? I'm inferring that no TCP datagram can ever
exceed 2^16 bytes of data, but actually the maximum is somewhat
less because it's bounded by the maximum length of an IP datagram
minus the various headers, so it's more like 2^16 - 40 plus
options, and of course this option consumes space.

Anyway, this algorithm needs much more documentation about why
it's supposed to work.

I would also note that despite the statement that hte algorithm
is "written in C", this is not valid C source code, because
you're using # as a comment character.


S 5.
      Conn_key = TALG(TSAD_key, connblock) 

This is not a good method of generating traffic keys:

1. There is no guarantee that the TALG will generate a value as
   long as the required key. Indeed, it's easy to design a MAC
   where this is not true. For instance, AES-256-CMAC.

2. What you want to generate a key is a pseudorandom function (PRF)
   Not all MACs are PRFs. This is easy to forget because HMAC is
   both. However, this is not always the case.

   For example, consider the following MAC, which is designed for the
   rapid detection of errored packets:

   MAC(Key, Data) = CRC32(Data) || HMAC(Key, Data)

   This is a perfectly fine MAC because forging it is intractable.
   However, it is a lousy PRF because the first 32 bits are
   extremely predictable. Note that this isn't at all a hypothetical
   example. Indeed, S 7.5 considers a MAC that is an even weaker
   PRF, with the initial values fixed!

      Additional reductions in MAC validation can be supported by using a 
      MAC algorithm that partitions the MAC field into fixed and computed 
      portions, where the fixed value is validated before investing in the 
      computed portion. This optimization would be contained in the MAC 
      algorithm specification. Note that the KeyID cannot be used for 
      connection validation per se, because it is not assumed random. 


The use of the term "connection key" and "connection block" are
confusing here because the keys are different in each direction, so
there is no single conn key. I suggest using the term "traffic
key".

S 8.
   >> TCP-AO SHOULD be deployed in conjunction with support for 
   selective acknowledgement (SACK), including support for multiple lost 
   segments in the same round trip [RFC2018][RFC3517]. 

I get that SACK would be nice, but this should work fine without
it, so why recommend it here.


S 8.3
   o  TCP connection identifier (ID) (The socket pair, sent as 4 byte IP 
      source address, 4 byte IP destination address, 2 byte TCP source 
      port, 2 byte TCP destination port). 

This is incompatible with IPv6--a result of overspecification here.
 

S 9.
   >> A system that supports both TCP-AO and TCP MD5 MUST use TCP-AO for 
   connections unless not supported by its peer, at which point it MAY 
   use TCP MD5 instead.  

This seems like a restriction on operators and thus seems inappropriate 
to me.




EDITORIAL
S 3.2.

      The ESN for transmitted segments is locally maintained from a 
      locally maintained SND.ESN value, for received segments, a local 

This repetition of "locally maintained" is clumsy.

S 5
   Once a connection is established, a connection key would typically be 
   cached to avoid recomputing it on a per-segment basis. The use of 
   both ISNs in the connection key computation ensures that segments 
   cannot be replayed across repeated connections reusing the same 
   socket pair (provided the ISN pair does not repeat, which is 
   extremely unlikely). 

This is only true if strong ISN generation algorithms are used.
This document should come with a SHOULD for using a strong PRNG
for ISN generation.


S 8.1.
   Keys reused across different socket pairs cannot enable replay 
   attacks because the TCP socket pair is included in the MAC, as well 
   as in the generation of the connection key. Keys reused across 

I would use "connnection id" instead of socket pair here. 


-Ekr















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Hi, Eric,

Some clarifying questions below. I think most of these are easy to fix...

Joe

Eric Rescorla wrote:
> $Id: draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-auth-opt-05-rev.txt,v 1.1 2008/11/15 20:50:05 ekr Exp $
> 
> Overall, this document is substantially improved. However, 
> a number of the issues I raised in previous reviews remain:
> 
> OLD ISSUES
> In particular, I wrote:
> 
>     I don't think this API, specification of the TSAD, etc., is
>     particularly helpful. IPsec needed the concept of an association
>     database because packets corresponding to multiple associations
>     got similar treatment. However, TCP has an explicit notion
>     of connection so it would be far more convenient to simply
>     refer to keys as tied to connections, and then have a set
>     of rules for mapping which connections get which keys.
>     
>     Even if some TSAD-type abstraction is useful, I don't think
>     it's appropriate to define things like the size of each
>     parameter in the TSAD as opposed to on the wire, or to
>     describe the default values of various parameters as in
>     S 3. For instance:
>     
>              iii. Key length. A byte indicating the length of the 
>                    connection key in bytes.  
>     
>     Those are internal implementation issues. Certainly, I might
>     want to use a native int in my implementation. Why should
>     this document tell me otherwise?
> 
> In response to my previous review, Joe indicated that:
> 
>     The TSAD API needs to be specified in detail because the key management 
>     solution needs to rely on that information.
> 
> I don't agree that it's necessary to define *any* API. What's
> necessary is to define clear boundaries between the packet processing
> system and the key management system (if any). I don't see that it's
> necessary to be specified at the level of "this parameter is a byte".
> If you want enough specificity that uncooperating implementors could
> independently develop these components and have them work together out
> of the box, then you need to explicitly define much more material,
> i.e., argument order, struct packing, error formats, calling sequences
> etc. In other words, you should either be defining language bindings
> or a formal language like IDL. Absent that, I don't agree that 
> defining the length of the fields containing these parameters is of
> any value. It's particularly odd to focus on the length of the
> parameters and not specify (for instance) the signedness or the
> bit order.

These would be good reasons to include the signedness (all are unsigned)
and byte order (network standard). I don't see a reason to indicate bit
order.

> WRT to S 3 (now in S 6) I wrote:
> 
>                >> At least one direction (inbound/outbound) SHOULD have 
>                a non-"NONE" MAC in practice, but this MUST NOT be 
>                strictly required by an implementation.  
> 
>      1. This seems like a bad idea. It's very hard to analyze the security
>      properties of a connection when only one side is protected. To take
>      one case that is obviously bad, if you're worried about DoS attacks
>      and you use TCP-AO, then forging packets in either direction can
>      bring it down. I would reverse this and require MACs in both directions.
>      
>      2. Even if we stipulate that this might be an OK idea, it's not
>      appropriate to require implementations to support it.
> 
> No good reason has ever been offered for this feature. Given the above
> reasoning, I propose it be removed.

We covered this in detail in an extended discussion in Philadelphia; it
is needed to support channel binding. We can't turn on TCP AO after a
connection has started (because TCP has no option handshake after
connection establishment), but we can go from using a null algorithm to
using a real one.

> S 1.1.
>    o  TCP-AO replaces MD5's single MAC algorithm with two prespecified 
>       MACs (TBD-WG-MACS), and allows extension to include other MACs. 
> 
> I remain unconvinced that defining two MACs as MTI does anything but
> add complexity.

You noted this before; I'll raise this to both TCPM and SAAG to confirm
that a single algorithm is sufficient.

> NEW TECHNICAL ISSUES
> Overall
> I'm wondering if we should specify heuristics or algorithms for
> key changeover. Here's what I mean: Alice and Bob are currently
> using Key 1 and they want to change over to Key 2. At time 
> T0, Alice installs Key 2, but she can't start transmitting with
> it until she knows that Bob has installed it. At time T1,
> Bob installs Key 2. Now, if he knows that Alice installed first,
> he can start using it, but if he does and Alice hasn't, then
> packets start getting dropped. Finally, once Bob has installed
> Key 2, he needs to tell Alice that he has installed Key 2
> so he can switch over. This is a lot of manual coordination.

Agreed; IMO, this is the responsibility of the key management system,
not TCP-AO.

> Lebovitz and I spent some time the other day trying to make this
> problem easier and here's what we came up with. 
> 
> 1. As soon as a node receives a segment protected with Key X
>    (and verifies it, of course) it can conclude that the peer
>    knows Key X and start using Key X to transmit with.

We do not require symmetric key changeover. Side A can use key X while
side B uses key Y; there is no requirement that the senders use the same
index.

> 2. Once a peer has had a new key installed, it should periodically
>    send a segment protected with that key. Note that the interval
>    here should be low enough that if the verification fails it
>    doesn't cause TCP to back off really far. But other than that,
>    it doesn't matter how it's set. [Maybe there's some TCP wizardry
>    here to decrease the effect, like you only treat ACKs this way
>    or something...]

This sounds like a protocol on top of TCP; we're trying to avoid that.
TCP segments have other meanings, and sending such segments just for a
key management reason would impact other TCP properties we're trying to
leave alone.

> I'm assuming there's some concept of ordering or priority where key
> X is assumed to be better (newer) than Y. That seems easy to have.
> 
> Anyway, the point of this algorithm is that Alice and Bob can 
> independently configure new keys and then the system will automatically
> detect when they both have them configured and start using them
> without any explicit coordination over when the keys are installed.

The common algorithm is:

a) install key at receiver
b) install key at sender

Since our keys are directional, (b) is taken as implicit permission to
use that key. I don't see a reason for further key coordination.

> S 4.
> I found this ESN management algorithm extremely hard to follow.
> For starters, no initial values are provided for {SND,RCV}.PREV_SEQ,
> which makes it hard to see even where to start. 

We can initialize those as ISN-1.

> Aside from that, let's look at the first line:
> 
>          ROLL = (RCV.PREV_SEQ > 0xffff) && (SEG.SEQ < 0xffff); 
> 
> Why is 0xffff magic?

Sorry - that's a bug. It had been 0x7fff; I had changed it incorrectly
in this version. I need to debug that code...

...
> Anyway, this algorithm needs much more documentation about why
> it's supposed to work.

Agreed.

> S 5.
>       Conn_key = TALG(TSAD_key, connblock) 
> 
> This is not a good method of generating traffic keys:
> 
> 1. There is no guarantee that the TALG will generate a value as
>    long as the required key. Indeed, it's easy to design a MAC
>    where this is not true. For instance, AES-256-CMAC.

That point was already raised and needs to be addressed.

> 2. What you want to generate a key is a pseudorandom function (PRF)
>    Not all MACs are PRFs. This is easy to forget because HMAC is
>    both. However, this is not always the case.

Understood; the question is whether we should be specifying separate
PRFs, or a PRF that can be based on a MAC. I'd prefer the latter, to
allow the PRF to track the addition of new MAC algorithms.

Is there a way to do this?

...
>       Additional reductions in MAC validation can be supported by using a 
>       MAC algorithm that partitions the MAC field into fixed and computed 
>       portions, where the fixed value is validated before investing in the 
>       computed portion. This optimization would be contained in the MAC 
>       algorithm specification. Note that the KeyID cannot be used for 
>       connection validation per se, because it is not assumed random. 
> 
> 
> The use of the term "connection key" and "connection block" are
> confusing here because the keys are different in each direction, so
> there is no single conn key. I suggest using the term "traffic
> key".

We don't use those terms in the above paragraph. We might use connection
receive key and connection transmit key, but I don't think 'traffic' key
is appropriate in a TCP document.

> S 8.
>    >> TCP-AO SHOULD be deployed in conjunction with support for 
>    selective acknowledgement (SACK), including support for multiple lost 
>    segments in the same round trip [RFC2018][RFC3517]. 
> 
> I get that SACK would be nice, but this should work fine without
> it, so why recommend it here.

It helps reduce the overhead of rekeying lost segments. That might be
worth mentioning, and we should determine whether this needs to be a SHOULD.

> S 8.3
>    o  TCP connection identifier (ID) (The socket pair, sent as 4 byte IP 
>       source address, 4 byte IP destination address, 2 byte TCP source 
>       port, 2 byte TCP destination port). 
> 
> This is incompatible with IPv6--a result of overspecification here.

Agreed.

> S 9.
>    >> A system that supports both TCP-AO and TCP MD5 MUST use TCP-AO for 
>    connections unless not supported by its peer, at which point it MAY 
>    use TCP MD5 instead.  
> 
> This seems like a restriction on operators and thus seems inappropriate 
> to me.

That's an artifact of trying to include deprecation of TCP MD5 in this
doc; operator guidance seemed needed. If that's not the case, we can
remove it...

> EDITORIAL
> S 3.2.
> 
>       The ESN for transmitted segments is locally maintained from a 
>       locally maintained SND.ESN value, for received segments, a local 
> 
> This repetition of "locally maintained" is clumsy.

Agreed. Will fix.

> S 5
>    Once a connection is established, a connection key would typically be 
>    cached to avoid recomputing it on a per-segment basis. The use of 
>    both ISNs in the connection key computation ensures that segments 
>    cannot be replayed across repeated connections reusing the same 
>    socket pair (provided the ISN pair does not repeat, which is 
>    extremely unlikely). 
> 
> This is only true if strong ISN generation algorithms are used.
> This document should come with a SHOULD for using a strong PRNG
> for ISN generation.

Agreed.

> S 8.1.
>    Keys reused across different socket pairs cannot enable replay 
>    attacks because the TCP socket pair is included in the MAC, as well 
>    as in the generation of the connection key. Keys reused across 
> 
> I would use "connnection id" instead of socket pair here. 

Agreed.
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Date: Sat, 15 Nov 2008 17:38:19 -0600
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: tcpm@ietf.org, draft-gont-tcpm-tcp-timestamps@tools.ietf.org
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Subject: [tcpm] Comment on draft-gont-tcpm-tcp-timestamps-00
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In Section 2, you write:

   the requirements of Section 4.2.2 of RFC 1323 [RFC1323], and F() is a
   function that should not be computable from the outside.  Therefore,
   we suggest F() to be a cryptographic hash function of the
   connection-id and some secret data.

Sorry to sound like nitpicky cryptographer guy here, but you want 
a PRF, not a hash function. A hash function might or might not 
be good enough depending on the function... 

-Ekr

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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] Review of draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-auth-opt-05
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At Sat, 15 Nov 2008 14:48:15 -0800,
Joe Touch wrote:
> 
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
> 
> Hi, Eric,
> 
> Some clarifying questions below. I think most of these are easy to fix...
> 
> Joe
> 
> Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > $Id: draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-auth-opt-05-rev.txt,v 1.1 2008/11/15 20:50:05 ekr Exp $
> > 
> > Overall, this document is substantially improved. However, 
> > a number of the issues I raised in previous reviews remain:
> > 
> > OLD ISSUES
> > In particular, I wrote:
> > 
> >     I don't think this API, specification of the TSAD, etc., is
> >     particularly helpful. IPsec needed the concept of an association
> >     database because packets corresponding to multiple associations
> >     got similar treatment. However, TCP has an explicit notion
> >     of connection so it would be far more convenient to simply
> >     refer to keys as tied to connections, and then have a set
> >     of rules for mapping which connections get which keys.
> >     
> >     Even if some TSAD-type abstraction is useful, I don't think
> >     it's appropriate to define things like the size of each
> >     parameter in the TSAD as opposed to on the wire, or to
> >     describe the default values of various parameters as in
> >     S 3. For instance:
> >     
> >              iii. Key length. A byte indicating the length of the 
> >                    connection key in bytes.  
> >     
> >     Those are internal implementation issues. Certainly, I might
> >     want to use a native int in my implementation. Why should
> >     this document tell me otherwise?
> > 
> > In response to my previous review, Joe indicated that:
> > 
> >     The TSAD API needs to be specified in detail because the key management 
> >     solution needs to rely on that information.
> > 
> > I don't agree that it's necessary to define *any* API. What's
> > necessary is to define clear boundaries between the packet processing
> > system and the key management system (if any). I don't see that it's
> > necessary to be specified at the level of "this parameter is a byte".
> > If you want enough specificity that uncooperating implementors could
> > independently develop these components and have them work together out
> > of the box, then you need to explicitly define much more material,
> > i.e., argument order, struct packing, error formats, calling sequences
> > etc. In other words, you should either be defining language bindings
> > or a formal language like IDL. Absent that, I don't agree that 
> > defining the length of the fields containing these parameters is of
> > any value. It's particularly odd to focus on the length of the
> > parameters and not specify (for instance) the signedness or the
> > bit order.
> 
> These would be good reasons to include the signedness (all are unsigned)
> and byte order (network standard). I don't see a reason to indicate bit
> order.

I want to remove the entire feature, not finish it. I only mention the
fact that it's insufficient in passing.


> > WRT to S 3 (now in S 6) I wrote:
> > 
> >                >> At least one direction (inbound/outbound) SHOULD have 
> >                a non-"NONE" MAC in practice, but this MUST NOT be 
> >                strictly required by an implementation.  
> > 
> >      1. This seems like a bad idea. It's very hard to analyze the security
> >      properties of a connection when only one side is protected. To take
> >      one case that is obviously bad, if you're worried about DoS attacks
> >      and you use TCP-AO, then forging packets in either direction can
> >      bring it down. I would reverse this and require MACs in both directions.
> >      
> >      2. Even if we stipulate that this might be an OK idea, it's not
> >      appropriate to require implementations to support it.
> > 
> > No good reason has ever been offered for this feature. Given the above
> > reasoning, I propose it be removed.
> 
> We covered this in detail in an extended discussion in Philadelphia; it
> is needed to support channel binding. We can't turn on TCP AO after a
> connection has started (because TCP has no option handshake after
> connection establishment), but we can go from using a null algorithm to
> using a real one.

Well, I wasn't in Philadelphia, but I don't find this to be enough information
to convince me--I can certainly think of ways to make channel binding
work that don't require asymmetric protection.

Perhaps you can point me to something someone has written that describes
the issue?


> > NEW TECHNICAL ISSUES
> > Overall
> > I'm wondering if we should specify heuristics or algorithms for
> > key changeover. Here's what I mean: Alice and Bob are currently
> > using Key 1 and they want to change over to Key 2. At time 
> > T0, Alice installs Key 2, but she can't start transmitting with
> > it until she knows that Bob has installed it. At time T1,
> > Bob installs Key 2. Now, if he knows that Alice installed first,
> > he can start using it, but if he does and Alice hasn't, then
> > packets start getting dropped. Finally, once Bob has installed
> > Key 2, he needs to tell Alice that he has installed Key 2
> > so he can switch over. This is a lot of manual coordination.
> 
> Agreed; IMO, this is the responsibility of the key management system,
> not TCP-AO.

The key management system is two people at either end of a cell
phone. I'm trying to make their lives easier.


> > Lebovitz and I spent some time the other day trying to make this
> > problem easier and here's what we came up with. 
> > 
> > 1. As soon as a node receives a segment protected with Key X
> >    (and verifies it, of course) it can conclude that the peer
> >    knows Key X and start using Key X to transmit with.
> 
> We do not require symmetric key changeover. Side A can use key X while
> side B uses key Y; there is no requirement that the senders use the same
> index.

Nor did I say otherwise. I'm saying that receiving index X from
the peer is permission to respond with it. It doesn't require you
to do so.


> > 2. Once a peer has had a new key installed, it should periodically
> >    send a segment protected with that key. Note that the interval
> >    here should be low enough that if the verification fails it
> >    doesn't cause TCP to back off really far. But other than that,
> >    it doesn't matter how it's set. [Maybe there's some TCP wizardry
> >    here to decrease the effect, like you only treat ACKs this way
> >    or something...]
> 
> This sounds like a protocol on top of TCP; we're trying to avoid that.
> TCP segments have other meanings, and sending such segments just for a
> key management reason would impact other TCP properties we're trying to
> leave alone.

I'm sorry if I gave the impression you would send extra segments.
That's not what I meant. I merely meant that every so often instead
of using key X, you use key Y as a probe instead. 


> > I'm assuming there's some concept of ordering or priority where key
> > X is assumed to be better (newer) than Y. That seems easy to have.
> > 
> > Anyway, the point of this algorithm is that Alice and Bob can 
> > independently configure new keys and then the system will automatically
> > detect when they both have them configured and start using them
> > without any explicit coordination over when the keys are installed.
> 
> The common algorithm is:
> 
> a) install key at receiver
> b) install key at sender
> 
> Since our keys are directional,

The traffic keys are directional. It wasn't my impression from the document
that the master keys were directional. If so, I think that should be
changed.


> (b) is taken as implicit permission to
> use that key. I don't see a reason for further key coordination.

Well, as it is you effectively need a two phase commit protocol.
I'm trying to remove that.


> > S 4.
> > I found this ESN management algorithm extremely hard to follow.
> > For starters, no initial values are provided for {SND,RCV}.PREV_SEQ,
> > which makes it hard to see even where to start. 
> 
> We can initialize those as ISN-1.
> 
> > Aside from that, let's look at the first line:
> > 
> >          ROLL = (RCV.PREV_SEQ > 0xffff) && (SEG.SEQ < 0xffff); 
> > 
> > Why is 0xffff magic?
> 
> Sorry - that's a bug. It had been 0x7fff; I had changed it incorrectly
> in this version. I need to debug that code...

Now I'm even more puzzled. Why should it be 0x7fff?


> > 2. What you want to generate a key is a pseudorandom function (PRF)
> >    Not all MACs are PRFs. This is easy to forget because HMAC is
> >    both. However, this is not always the case.
> 
> Understood; the question is whether we should be specifying separate
> PRFs, or a PRF that can be based on a MAC. I'd prefer the latter, to
> allow the PRF to track the addition of new MAC algorithms.
> 
> Is there a way to do this?

Well, clearly one can do what TLS does and require each algorithm
to specify a PRF. I'm not sure if there is a general transformation
from MACs to PRFs. My intuition is no, however, because you somehow
need to extract the random versus non-random components of the MAC
output.


> >       Additional reductions in MAC validation can be supported by using a 
> >       MAC algorithm that partitions the MAC field into fixed and computed 
> >       portions, where the fixed value is validated before investing in the 
> >       computed portion. This optimization would be contained in the MAC 
> >       algorithm specification. Note that the KeyID cannot be used for 
> >       connection validation per se, because it is not assumed random. 
> > 
> > 
> > The use of the term "connection key" and "connection block" are
> > confusing here because the keys are different in each direction, so
> > there is no single conn key. I suggest using the term "traffic
> > key".
> 
> We don't use those terms in the above paragraph. We might use connection
> receive key and connection transmit key, but I don't think 'traffic' key
> is appropriate in a TCP document.

Well, traffic key is the standard comsec terminology. However, I'm fine
with connection receive key and conneciton transmit ke.

-Ekr
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Hi All,

Here are some comments on this draft.  Since this is the last full draft =
I have, I've focused the comments on this iteration.   The short =
version:  This document needs significant work.

Abstract:  The draft begins to contextualize the place where TCP-AO is =
operating.   However, it does not pay any attention to draft-bonica, or =
the 3+ years of deployment experience with draft-bonica.  Proper =
contextualization is important to evaluate the draft and its changes.=20

Abstract: Update to TCP MD5 needs a reference at the end of the Abstract =
section.

Abstract: Define "MACs" - this is the first time it's used, and although =
we can hope that people know which ones we're talking about, it wouldn't =
hurt to write "Message Authentication Codes (MACs)" out.

General Comment: There is no security policy explained in the draft: =
What are we protecting against?  From whom are we protecting? For how =
long?  It is critical to know who the threat(s) are.

General Comment: This draft badly needs a "Deployment Considerations" =
section, that shows how to operationalize the techniques, and situates =
things such as migration from older techniques to newer ones.  =
Especially important are transition mechanisms.=20

Introduction: we should defined "cryptographic key management" as in =
"...not the framework for cryptographic key management." And explain why =
the draft makes this recommendation.

Introduction: End of 2nd paragraph, reference to Be07 should be =
normative - if the draft is to fulfill the requirements, those =
requirements should be not subject to a moving target.

Introduction:  The draft is very blithe about recommending IPSec and =
IKE, without providing any context why this is a good idea, or why it =
has never been deployed.  There are significant issues with using IPSec =
for routing (complexity, reduced convergence times, relying on security =
layers for routing functions, etc.)  These issues need to be documented, =
and discussed, before as the IETF, a recommendation should be made.=20

Introduction: Last paragraph - "TCP MD5 does not support any changes to =
the connection's security..." Well, the draft may not consider this, =
however, if you get the keychange timing done correctly, in fact, you =
can roll the keys.  It's a kludge, but it would be inaccurate to state =
otherwise.

Exec Summary:

"Allows TCP-MD5 to be used..."  - Why is this here?=20

"TBD-WG-MACS" - MACs MUST be specified, in the draft.=20

Ends of "Allows rekeying" section - TCP MD5 rolling comment is at odds =
with the end of the introduction, it should be explained how this works. =
 Also, why MD5 could lose packets also needs to be explained, and why =
new techniques do not suffer from this limitation.

"Provides more detail in how this option interacts with TCP's states, =
event processing, and user interface" - more detail that what?  Much of =
this is implementation specific.  Especially the user interface parts.  =
This draft tends to munge what is necessary for interoperation (the =
standard), and the way one might implement that internally =
(implementation details.)  Providing a reference state machine or =
details are useful, but shouldn't be conflated with the standard spec.

"Provides automatic key rollover" - is this section referring to key =
rollover via keychains?  key diversification techniques?=20

"Proposed option is 3 bytes shorter than" - why should we care?  What do =
those 3 bytes buy us?

"Does not authenticate ICMP messages (some may be authenticated in =
IPsec..." - is it also lighter weight, and better suited to router =
protocol operation and deployment.=20

1.4.1: " IETF-72 topic" sections "No current consensus was reached on =
this topic, so no change was made."  This is a real problem -- the logic =
is deeply flawed.  Allow me to restate: One author of this document has =
appointed themselves the arbiter of consensus.  This author disagrees =
with other people, and therefore no "consensus" can ever be reached, so =
the default case this author has chosen is to keep things they way they =
like it.

3.2 - "in the sprit of SP4" - why is this relevant to the document?=20

3.2 - The whole of ESN gets introduced without much prelude or =
contextualization.  Since this is something new for this draft (correct =
me if I'm wrong.) It really needs to be better contextualized.  In fact, =
since this is something that may have utility outside of TCP-AO, it =
ought to be documented in a separate draft, probably as a separate =
option.  It has an impact on the TCP state machine that goes beyond a =
bigger value to prevent replay.

"TCP Data in Network Byte Order" - We really do need to specify which =
MAC's were going to use.  Otherwise, the draft isn't very useful.

"When options are excluded, all options..." - How is this indicated on =
the wire?  I'm guessing that the plan is to do this with configuration =
on each end.  This is a recipe for misconfiguration and confusion.  =
Putting a bit in the option makes this much easier to troubleshoot, =
especially for sessions between providers.=20

"The implementation of ESN is not specified in this document..." - Does =
this mean that there is a forthcoming draft that specifies how ESN is to =
be used? =20

"Computing connection keys from TSAD key entries" - This section is a =
non sequitur , there needs to be framing and introduction, as well as =
some sort of segue from the section partly documenting ESN.

"Conn_key =3D MD5(TSAD_key, connblock)" - why is MD5 used here?

"For SYN segments..." - Implicit special cases are bad, as a matter of =
design.

"... extremely unlikely" - how unlikely? We can put the number in there, =
since the definition of "extremely" tends to change over time.=20

Section 6 - Security Association Management - Define a TSAD: What does =
it do?  Why does the draft propose this construct? =20

"A TSAD implementation MUST support at least two keyIDs per connection =
per direction, and MAY support up to 256." - why only two?  wouldn't we =
imagine most TSAD's supporting 256?  It's not much of a burden, and =
making a recommendation for two in an example implementation may lead to =
some bad designs.

Somewhere we need to explicitly state that 0 is a valid keyID.

IKEv2 Transform Type -- why are we putting a dependency on IKE for this? =
 The protocols can and should be completely orthogonal to each other.  =
Putting change-dependencies in on updating IKEv2 registries will limit =
the protocols utility and agility. =20

"...single host there should only be a single database..."  - this seems =
at odds with sections later in the document.  It also excludes =
virtualization and multi-level secure systems.

"..omit an explicit algorithm ID..." -- I've said this before, this is a =
BAD IDEA^tm. The protocol utility of doing this is minimal (1-bit =
increase in search space), and the operational complexity goes up.  Not =
to mention, it makes it operationally incompatible with existing =
implementations.=20

"It is presumed that a TSAD entry affecting a particular connection..." =
- this section is at odds with what id done elsewhere.  If the document =
is going to provide implementation advice, then it needs a state machine =
here to show how one might handle key destruction, process conflict, =
race conditions, etc.

"Users are advised to not inappropriately reuse keys" - Why is there =
this throwaway line in here?  If we look at 3562, we see there are three =
recommendations:
o Key lengths SHOULD be between 12 and 24 bytes, with larger keys having =
effectively zero additional computational costs when compared to shorter =
keys.=20
o Key sharing SHOULD be limited so that keys aren't shared among =
multiple BGP peering arrangements.=20
o Keys SHOULD be changed at least every 90 days.
What are the recommendations for each of these?  Why are we continuing =
to use them here?  With key diversification, perhaps the same root key =
can be used (assuming we document that a peer sharing that key could =
potentially create an attack on reboot).  Also, with stronger MACs do we =
need to change keys every 90 days?  Are 12-24 byte keys appropriate for =
HMAC-SHA1-96 and AES-CMAC-96?

"TCP segments with TCP-AO but not matching TSAD entries MUST be silently =
accepted." - Accepted?  Does this have to do with the proposed =
order-of-match logic internal to the end systems?

"Additional reductions in MAC validation can be supported by using a MAC =
algorithm that partitions the MAC field into fixed and computed =
portions."  - Do we have examples of these MAC algorithms?  Wouldn't =
adding a "fixed" portion to a MAC algorithm rather defeat one of the MAC =
algorithm design goals?  Perhaps one of the security experts could =
comment on this.

"In the default case, where only a single key is used at a time..." - =
The document should elaborate on what it means here.  Is this a =
recommendation that the TSAD only support a single key?  Why would there =
be invalid keys used?

"... benefits from congestion control support for temporary path =
outages." - References?

SACK recommendation - Why?  Is there something special about TCP-AO, and =
not regular TCP sessions? Or is this a recommendation to use SACK for =
all TCP segments?

"Implementations are encouraged to keep keys in a suitably private =
area."  I agree, but what does this mean? What is suitable for this =
protocol?  What is private?

"Keys should not be shared across different hosts, because this could =
compromise the keying material itself." - Doesn't this defeat the =
purpose?  This is a shared-key cryptosystem.

"Note that when TCP MD5 is required for a connection, it must be used =
[RFC2385]" - This is rather confusing.  This was written in one time and =
place, and there is real-life versus standards-life.  We need to make =
recommendations for the former.  Is the advice that only MD5 or AO be =
used based on a line in a standard published 10 years ago, that =
documented an even older implementation??

Section 10 - The option to calculate options or not should be in the =
packet.  If not, there will be a lot of broken connections out there, =
and people who have no idea why they are broken.

Section 12 - reference to Be07 should be Normative.=20

Section 13 - this section shows a limited knowledge of deployed routing =
protocols, especially in the comparison to what the document believes is =
the preferred solution of using IPSec.  In deployment, there is both the =
TCP TTL hack, and the extensive use of edge and system ACL's to provide =
multilayer security. =20

"TCP-AO does not expose the MAC algorithm used to authenticate a..." - =
Again, this is a BAD IDEA^tm. It offers minimal expanded search space =
for the algorithm (1-bit).   It also violates fundamental security =
design:  The security should be in the key, not in the obscurity of the =
algorithm.   Not carrying algorithm ID results in more downtime due to =
opaque system operation. =20

"ICMP messages of Type 3, Codes 2-4" - This needs to be expanded.  =
People do not have ICMP type codes memorized.

"To specify MAC algorithms, TCP-AO uses the 4-byte namespace of IKEv2" - =
Again, bad idea.  This creates an unnecessary protocol linkage between =
the spaces.  Not to mention a development, test and operational headache =
-- "This protocol supports 2 MAC types, and yet the codes are "17" and =
"153" - WTF??"

Andrew

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<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Hi All,<BR>
<BR>
Here are some comments on this draft.&nbsp; Since this is the last full =
draft I have, I've focused the comments on this iteration.&nbsp;&nbsp; =
The short version:&nbsp; This document needs significant work.<BR>
<BR>
Abstract:&nbsp; The draft begins to contextualize the place where TCP-AO =
is operating.&nbsp;&nbsp; However, it does not pay any attention to =
draft-bonica, or the 3+ years of deployment experience with =
draft-bonica.&nbsp; Proper contextualization is important to evaluate =
the draft and its changes.<BR>
<BR>
Abstract: Update to TCP MD5 needs a reference at the end of the Abstract =
section.<BR>
<BR>
Abstract: Define &quot;MACs&quot; - this is the first time it's used, =
and although we can hope that people know which ones we're talking =
about, it wouldn't hurt to write &quot;Message Authentication Codes =
(MACs)&quot; out.<BR>
<BR>
General Comment: There is no security policy explained in the draft: =
What are we protecting against?&nbsp; From whom are we protecting? For =
how long?&nbsp; It is critical to know who the threat(s) are.<BR>
<BR>
General Comment: This draft badly needs a &quot;Deployment =
Considerations&quot; section, that shows how to operationalize the =
techniques, and situates things such as migration from older techniques =
to newer ones.&nbsp; Especially important are transition mechanisms.<BR>
<BR>
Introduction: we should defined &quot;cryptographic key management&quot; =
as in &quot;...not the framework for cryptographic key management.&quot; =
And explain why the draft makes this recommendation.<BR>
<BR>
Introduction: End of 2nd paragraph, reference to Be07 should be =
normative - if the draft is to fulfill the requirements, those =
requirements should be not subject to a moving target.<BR>
<BR>
Introduction:&nbsp; The draft is very blithe about recommending IPSec =
and IKE, without providing any context why this is a good idea, or why =
it has never been deployed.&nbsp; There are significant issues with =
using IPSec for routing (complexity, reduced convergence times, relying =
on security layers for routing functions, etc.)&nbsp; These issues need =
to be documented, and discussed, before as the IETF, a recommendation =
should be made.<BR>
<BR>
Introduction: Last paragraph - &quot;TCP MD5 does not support any =
changes to the connection's security...&quot; Well, the draft may not =
consider this, however, if you get the keychange timing done correctly, =
in fact, you can roll the keys.&nbsp; It's a kludge, but it would be =
inaccurate to state otherwise.<BR>
<BR>
Exec Summary:<BR>
<BR>
&quot;Allows TCP-MD5 to be used...&quot;&nbsp; - Why is this here?<BR>
<BR>
&quot;TBD-WG-MACS&quot; - MACs MUST be specified, in the draft.<BR>
<BR>
Ends of &quot;Allows rekeying&quot; section - TCP MD5 rolling comment is =
at odds with the end of the introduction, it should be explained how =
this works.&nbsp; Also, why MD5 could lose packets also needs to be =
explained, and why new techniques do not suffer from this =
limitation.<BR>
<BR>
&quot;Provides more detail in how this option interacts with TCP's =
states, event processing, and user interface&quot; - more detail that =
what?&nbsp; Much of this is implementation specific.&nbsp; Especially =
the user interface parts.&nbsp; This draft tends to munge what is =
necessary for interoperation (the standard), and the way one might =
implement that internally (implementation details.)&nbsp; Providing a =
reference state machine or details are useful, but shouldn't be =
conflated with the standard spec.<BR>
<BR>
&quot;Provides automatic key rollover&quot; - is this section referring =
to key rollover via keychains?&nbsp; key diversification techniques?<BR>
<BR>
&quot;Proposed option is 3 bytes shorter than&quot; - why should we =
care?&nbsp; What do those 3 bytes buy us?<BR>
<BR>
&quot;Does not authenticate ICMP messages (some may be authenticated in =
IPsec...&quot; - is it also lighter weight, and better suited to router =
protocol operation and deployment.<BR>
<BR>
1.4.1: &quot; IETF-72 topic&quot; sections &quot;No current consensus =
was reached on this topic, so no change was made.&quot;&nbsp; This is a =
real problem -- the logic is deeply flawed.&nbsp; Allow me to restate: =
One author of this document has appointed themselves the arbiter of =
consensus.&nbsp; This author disagrees with other people, and therefore =
no &quot;consensus&quot; can ever be reached, so the default case this =
author has chosen is to keep things they way they like it.<BR>
<BR>
3.2 - &quot;in the sprit of SP4&quot; - why is this relevant to the =
document?<BR>
<BR>
3.2 - The whole of ESN gets introduced without much prelude or =
contextualization.&nbsp; Since this is something new for this draft =
(correct me if I'm wrong.) It really needs to be better =
contextualized.&nbsp; In fact, since this is something that may have =
utility outside of TCP-AO, it ought to be documented in a separate =
draft, probably as a separate option.&nbsp; It has an impact on the TCP =
state machine that goes beyond a bigger value to prevent replay.<BR>
<BR>
&quot;TCP Data in Network Byte Order&quot; - We really do need to =
specify which MAC's were going to use.&nbsp; Otherwise, the draft isn't =
very useful.<BR>
<BR>
&quot;When options are excluded, all options...&quot; - How is this =
indicated on the wire?&nbsp; I'm guessing that the plan is to do this =
with configuration on each end.&nbsp; This is a recipe for =
misconfiguration and confusion.&nbsp; Putting a bit in the option makes =
this much easier to troubleshoot, especially for sessions between =
providers.<BR>
<BR>
&quot;The implementation of ESN is not specified in this =
document...&quot; - Does this mean that there is a forthcoming draft =
that specifies how ESN is to be used?&nbsp;<BR>
<BR>
&quot;Computing connection keys from TSAD key entries&quot; - This =
section is a non sequitur , there needs to be framing and introduction, =
as well as some sort of segue from the section partly documenting =
ESN.<BR>
<BR>
&quot;Conn_key =3D MD5(TSAD_key, connblock)&quot; - why is MD5 used =
here?<BR>
<BR>
&quot;For SYN segments...&quot; - Implicit special cases are bad, as a =
matter of design.<BR>
<BR>
&quot;... extremely unlikely&quot; - how unlikely? We can put the number =
in there, since the definition of &quot;extremely&quot; tends to change =
over time.<BR>
<BR>
Section 6 - Security Association Management - Define a TSAD: What does =
it do?&nbsp; Why does the draft propose this construct?&nbsp;<BR>
<BR>
&quot;A TSAD implementation MUST support at least two keyIDs per =
connection per direction, and MAY support up to 256.&quot; - why only =
two?&nbsp; wouldn't we imagine most TSAD's supporting 256?&nbsp; It's =
not much of a burden, and making a recommendation for two in an example =
implementation may lead to some bad designs.<BR>
<BR>
Somewhere we need to explicitly state that 0 is a valid keyID.<BR>
<BR>
IKEv2 Transform Type -- why are we putting a dependency on IKE for =
this?&nbsp; The protocols can and should be completely orthogonal to =
each other.&nbsp; Putting change-dependencies in on updating IKEv2 =
registries will limit the protocols utility and agility.&nbsp;<BR>
<BR>
&quot;...single host there should only be a single =
database...&quot;&nbsp; - this seems at odds with sections later in the =
document.&nbsp; It also excludes virtualization and multi-level secure =
systems.<BR>
<BR>
&quot;..omit an explicit algorithm ID...&quot; -- I've said this before, =
this is a BAD IDEA^tm. The protocol utility of doing this is minimal =
(1-bit increase in search space), and the operational complexity goes =
up.&nbsp; Not to mention, it makes it operationally incompatible with =
existing implementations.<BR>
<BR>
&quot;It is presumed that a TSAD entry affecting a particular =
connection...&quot; - this section is at odds with what id done =
elsewhere.&nbsp; If the document is going to provide implementation =
advice, then it needs a state machine here to show how one might handle =
key destruction, process conflict, race conditions, etc.<BR>
<BR>
&quot;Users are advised to not inappropriately reuse keys&quot; - Why is =
there this throwaway line in here?&nbsp; If we look at 3562, we see =
there are three recommendations:<BR>
o Key lengths SHOULD be between 12 and 24 bytes, with larger keys having =
effectively zero additional computational costs when compared to shorter =
keys.<BR>
o Key sharing SHOULD be limited so that keys aren't shared among =
multiple BGP peering arrangements.<BR>
o Keys SHOULD be changed at least every 90 days.<BR>
What are the recommendations for each of these?&nbsp; Why are we =
continuing to use them here?&nbsp; With key diversification, perhaps the =
same root key can be used (assuming we document that a peer sharing that =
key could potentially create an attack on reboot).&nbsp; Also, with =
stronger MACs do we need to change keys every 90 days?&nbsp; Are 12-24 =
byte keys appropriate for HMAC-SHA1-96 and AES-CMAC-96?<BR>
<BR>
&quot;TCP segments with TCP-AO but not matching TSAD entries MUST be =
silently accepted.&quot; - Accepted?&nbsp; Does this have to do with the =
proposed order-of-match logic internal to the end systems?<BR>
<BR>
&quot;Additional reductions in MAC validation can be supported by using =
a MAC algorithm that partitions the MAC field into fixed and computed =
portions.&quot;&nbsp; - Do we have examples of these MAC =
algorithms?&nbsp; Wouldn't adding a &quot;fixed&quot; portion to a MAC =
algorithm rather defeat one of the MAC algorithm design goals?&nbsp; =
Perhaps one of the security experts could comment on this.<BR>
<BR>
&quot;In the default case, where only a single key is used at a =
time...&quot; - The document should elaborate on what it means =
here.&nbsp; Is this a recommendation that the TSAD only support a single =
key?&nbsp; Why would there be invalid keys used?<BR>
<BR>
&quot;... benefits from congestion control support for temporary path =
outages.&quot; - References?<BR>
<BR>
SACK recommendation - Why?&nbsp; Is there something special about =
TCP-AO, and not regular TCP sessions? Or is this a recommendation to use =
SACK for all TCP segments?<BR>
<BR>
&quot;Implementations are encouraged to keep keys in a suitably private =
area.&quot;&nbsp; I agree, but what does this mean? What is suitable for =
this protocol?&nbsp; What is private?<BR>
<BR>
&quot;Keys should not be shared across different hosts, because this =
could compromise the keying material itself.&quot; - Doesn't this defeat =
the purpose?&nbsp; This is a shared-key cryptosystem.<BR>
<BR>
&quot;Note that when TCP MD5 is required for a connection, it must be =
used [RFC2385]&quot; - This is rather confusing.&nbsp; This was written =
in one time and place, and there is real-life versus =
standards-life.&nbsp; We need to make recommendations for the =
former.&nbsp; Is the advice that only MD5 or AO be used based on a line =
in a standard published 10 years ago, that documented an even older =
implementation??<BR>
<BR>
Section 10 - The option to calculate options or not should be in the =
packet.&nbsp; If not, there will be a lot of broken connections out =
there, and people who have no idea why they are broken.<BR>
<BR>
Section 12 - reference to Be07 should be Normative.<BR>
<BR>
Section 13 - this section shows a limited knowledge of deployed routing =
protocols, especially in the comparison to what the document believes is =
the preferred solution of using IPSec.&nbsp; In deployment, there is =
both the TCP TTL hack, and the extensive use of edge and system ACL's to =
provide multilayer security.&nbsp;<BR>
<BR>
&quot;TCP-AO does not expose the MAC algorithm used to authenticate =
a...&quot; - Again, this is a BAD IDEA^tm. It offers minimal expanded =
search space for the algorithm (1-bit).&nbsp;&nbsp; It also violates =
fundamental security design:&nbsp; The security should be in the key, =
not in the obscurity of the algorithm.&nbsp;&nbsp; Not carrying =
algorithm ID results in more downtime due to opaque system =
operation.&nbsp;<BR>
<BR>
&quot;ICMP messages of Type 3, Codes 2-4&quot; - This needs to be =
expanded.&nbsp; People do not have ICMP type codes memorized.<BR>
<BR>
&quot;To specify MAC algorithms, TCP-AO uses the 4-byte namespace of =
IKEv2&quot; - Again, bad idea.&nbsp; This creates an unnecessary =
protocol linkage between the spaces.&nbsp; Not to mention a development, =
test and operational headache -- &quot;This protocol supports 2 MAC =
types, and yet the codes are &quot;17&quot; and &quot;153&quot; - =
WTF??&quot;<BR>
<BR>
Andrew<BR>
</FONT>
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>-----Original Message-----
>From: tcpm-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:tcpm-bounces@ietf.org] On 
>Behalf Of LANGE Andrew
>Sent: Monday, November 17, 2008 1:51 PM
>To: tcpm@ietf.org
>Subject: [tcpm] Comments on TCP-AO Draft
>
>


There are a lot of good comments here that will strengthen
the document.  One of them that concerns the wire-format rather
than text additions, clarifications, and changes that are
needed, which we should address quickly is:


>1.4.1: " IETF-72 topic" sections "No current consensus was 
>reached on this topic, so no change was made."  This is a real 
>problem -- the logic is deeply flawed.  Allow me to restate: 
>One author of this document has appointed themselves the 
>arbiter of consensus.  This author disagrees with other 
>people, and therefore no "consensus" can ever be reached, so 
>the default case this author has chosen is to keep things they 
>way they like it.
>
> ...
>
>"..omit an explicit algorithm ID..." -- I've said this before, 
>this is a BAD IDEA^tm. The protocol utility of doing this is 
>minimal (1-bit increase in search space), and the operational 
>complexity goes up.  Not to mention, it makes it operationally 
>incompatible with existing implementations.


There was logic given to support each side of the argument.  My
understanding of the summary for each position is:

(position 1 - "include") Including information like algorithm ID
and k-bit is BAD because it aids in debugging of implementations
and of configurations.

(position 2 - "don't include") Including this information is BAD
because it can expose information about the security parameters.
It doesn't aid in debugging of configuration because operators still
have to call each other in order to read off and verify keys.

There seemed to be more people around position 2 than position 1,
but we should flag this and ask during the meeting, as well as
open this up on the mailing list to see what people prefer.  We
need to pick one and move on.

As an individual, and not a co-chair, I'm in the position 2 "don't
include" camp.


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Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2008 15:20:45 -0800
From: Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] Comments on TCP-AO Draft
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Hi, Andrew,

LANGE Andrew wrote:
> Hi All,
>
> Here are some comments on this draft. Since this is the last full
> draft I have, I've focused the comments on this iteration.

FWIW, this note apparently addresses a preview draft between -01 and
- -02. The -02 update has been available since the cutoff date, two
weeks ago.

Some further notes below...

Joe

> The short version: This document needs significant work.

The list below suggests a number of changes which should be able to be
incorporated in a week or two.

> Abstract: The draft begins to contextualize the place where TCP-AO is
> operating. However, it does not pay any attention to draft-bonica,
> or the 3+ years of deployment experience with draft-bonica. Proper 
> contextualization is important to evaluate the draft and its changes.

That can be addressed in the intro.

> Abstract: Update to TCP MD5 needs a reference at the end of the
> Abstract section.

My understanding is that abstracts don't have references in them; I can
confirm this with the RFC Editor on this point

> Abstract: Define "MACs" - this is the first time it's used, and
> although we can hope that people know which ones we're talking about,
> it wouldn't hurt to write "Message Authentication Codes (MACs)" out.

Will do.

> General Comment: There is no security policy explained in the draft: 
> What are we protecting against? From whom are we protecting? For how 
> long? It is critical to know who the threat(s) are.

Will do.

> General Comment: This draft badly needs a "Deployment Considerations"
> section, that shows how to operationalize the techniques, and
> situates things such as migration from older techniques to newer
> ones. Especially important are transition mechanisms.

The draft does have some of these issues already described, but it would
probably be useful to have a separate discussion that summarizes the
issues and expands on them.

> Introduction: we should defined "cryptographic key management" as in 
> "...not the framework for cryptographic key management." And explain
> why the draft makes this recommendation.

Will do.

> Introduction: End of 2nd paragraph, reference to Be07 should be 
> normative - if the draft is to fulfill the requirements, those 
> requirements should be not subject to a moving target.

My understanding is that normative references must be standards track or
equivalent (e.g., from IEEE), whereas Be07 would be informational if
published. We haven't updated Be07 because it may be sufficient to cite
it (for due credit) and just point down to the later section that
contains most of it's info anyway.

> Introduction: The draft is very blithe about recommending IPSec and 
> IKE, without providing any context why this is a good idea, or why it
> has never been deployed. There are significant issues with using
> IPSec for routing (complexity, reduced convergence times, relying on
> security layers for routing functions, etc.) These issues need to be
> documented, and discussed, before as the IETF, a recommendation
> should be made.

Will do.

> Introduction: Last paragraph - "TCP MD5 does not support any changes
> to the connection's security..." Well, the draft may not consider
> this, however, if you get the keychange timing done correctly, in
> fact, you can roll the keys. It's a kludge, but it would be
> inaccurate to state otherwise.

Will do.

> Exec Summary:
>
> "Allows TCP-MD5 to be used..."  - Why is this here?

It addresses the transition issue you note above.

> "TBD-WG-MACS" - MACs MUST be specified, in the draft.

That's clearly noted as needing to be fixed; we're still waiting for the
specific algorithm. We may be able to determine that this week.

> Ends of "Allows rekeying" section - TCP MD5 rolling comment is at odds
> with the end of the introduction, it should be explained how this
> works.

Will fix.

> Also, why MD5 could lose packets also needs to be explained, and
> why new techniques do not suffer from this limitation.

Will address.

> "Provides more detail in how this option interacts with TCP's states,
> event processing, and user interface" - more detail that what?

Than TCP MD5; that is the section in which the comment appears.

> Much of this is implementation specific. Especially the user
> interface parts.

Agree that the user interface part needs revision to avoid focusing on
implementation issues.

> This draft tends to munge what is necessary for interoperation (the
> standard), and the way one might implement that internally
> (implementation details.)  Providing a reference state machine or
> details are useful, but shouldn't be conflated with the standard spec.

The event processing and state issues, however, have been noted numerous
times as relating directly to RFC793, not to an implementation.

> "Provides automatic key rollover" - is this section referring to key
> rollover via keychains?  key diversification techniques?

Will fix; it should say that we use extended sequence numbers, not key
rollover (which was originally added to address sequence number rollover).

> "Proposed option is 3 bytes shorter than" - why should we care? What
> do those 3 bytes buy us?

That is addressed in Section 7.6. Depending on the options and padding
used, it could buy us another option or another SACK block.

> "Does not authenticate ICMP messages (some may be authenticated in
> IPsec..." - is it also lighter weight, and better suited to router
> protocol operation and deployment.

Will add as a benefit.

> 1.4.1: " IETF-72 topic" sections "No current consensus was reached on
> this topic, so no change was made." This is a real problem -- the
> logic is deeply flawed. Allow me to restate: One author of this
> document has appointed themselves the arbiter of consensus. This
> author disagrees with other people, and therefore no "consensus" can
> ever be reached, so the default case this author has chosen is to
> keep things they way they like it.

See Wes' post on this issue.

A draft of this document was circulated to the off-list group - yourself
included - Oct 10.  The text on these issues was coordinated with the WG
chairs, and we received no feedback on this until your note today.

I appreciate your concern with the text, but not with your concerns
about the process by which it appeared in the current draft.

> 3.2 - "in the sprit of SP4" - why is this relevant to the document?

This issue was raised by others; I can find out who if you're interested.

> 3.2 - The whole of ESN gets introduced without much prelude or 
> contextualization. Since this is something new for this draft
> (correct me if I'm wrong.) It really needs to be better
> contextualized. In fact, since this is something that may have
> utility outside of TCP-AO, it ought to be documented in a separate
> draft, probably as a separate option. It has an impact on the TCP
> state machine that goes beyond a bigger value to prevent replay.

It is designed in such a way as to be interpreted from the
incoming/outgoing packet; there is no direct interaction with TCP's
state machine required.

I agree this may be of larger utility, and I'll prepare something for
the next IETF on this. Thanks for noting that.

> "TCP Data in Network Byte Order" - We really do need to specify which
> MAC's were going to use.  Otherwise, the draft isn't very useful.

Already noted above.

> "When options are excluded, all options..." - How is this indicated on
> the wire?  I'm guessing that the plan is to do this with configuration
> on each end.  This is a recipe for misconfiguration and confusion.
> Putting a bit in the option makes this much easier to troubleshoot,
> especially for sessions between providers.

It is not indicated on the wire for the same reason the algorithm isn't
indicated - it is already required to be coordinated at the endpoints.
Wes sent a separate note on this to the list, and this will be discussed
in public at the meeting.

> "The implementation of ESN is not specified in this document..." -
> Does this mean that there is a forthcoming draft that specifies how
> ESN is to be used?

You noted above that we should avoid implementation issues; that's all
this statement reiterates. As you noted above, a separate document can
be developed to discuss the more general utility of ESNs.

> "Computing connection keys from TSAD key entries" - This section is a
> non sequitur , there needs to be framing and introduction, as well as
> some sort of segue from the section partly documenting ESN.

Will fix.

> "Conn_key = MD5(TSAD_key, connblock)" - why is MD5 used here?

Being fixed this week.

> "For SYN segments..." - Implicit special cases are bad, as a matter of
> design.

This is explicit, not implicit. It is required because a SYN indicates
the source's ISN but the receiver's ISN cannot be known at that point;
we're just recognizing the existing handling of ISN values by SYNs, not
creating anything new.

> "... extremely unlikely" - how unlikely? We can put the number in
> there, since the definition of "extremely" tends to change over
> time.

Will do.

> Section 6 - Security Association Management - Define a TSAD: What does
> it do?  Why does the draft propose this construct?

This can be explained further in the document.

> "A TSAD implementation MUST support at least two keyIDs per
> connection per direction, and MAY support up to 256." - why only two?
> wouldn't we imagine most TSAD's supporting 256? It's not much of a
> burden, and making a recommendation for two in an example
> implementation may lead to some bad designs.

It was a conservative assumption of a MUST; if the WG feels that it
should be increased, it can be changed.

> Somewhere we need to explicitly state that 0 is a valid keyID.

See Section 6:
               >> A KeyID MUST support any value, 0-255 inclusive. There
               are no reserved KeyID values.

> IKEv2 Transform Type -- why are we putting a dependency on IKE for 
> this? The protocols can and should be completely orthogonal to each 
> other. Putting change-dependencies in on updating IKEv2 registries
> will limit the protocols utility and agility.

We're not depending on IKE; we're depending only on its registry,
because we don't see a reason to ask IANA to create a new one. We can
instead ask IANA to create a new one.

> "...single host there should only be a single database..." - this
> seems at odds with sections later in the document. It also excludes 
> virtualization and multi-level secure systems.

Will fix. The point is that there is a single database for a given IP
address; a database can cover multiple IP addresses. There can't be two
databases for a single IP address.

> "..omit an explicit algorithm ID..." -- I've said this before, this
> is a BAD IDEA. The protocol utility of doing this is minimal (1-bit 
> increase in search space), and the operational complexity goes up.
> Not to mention, it makes it operationally incompatible with existing 
> implementations.

TCP AO has no existing implementations since it has not been completed.
We have already been reminded in various off-list discussions that we
are not required to be compatible with the draft-bonica solution, and
there are numerous other ways in which this draft is not compatible with
that solution anyway.

> "It is presumed that a TSAD entry affecting a particular
> connection..." - this section is at odds with what id done elsewhere.
> If the document is going to provide implementation advice, then it
> needs a state machine here to show how one might handle key
> destruction, process conflict, race conditions, etc.

We're updating this to avoid implementation information, but need to
retain information that defines the behavior of the TSAD, e.g., as above.

> "Users are advised to not inappropriately reuse keys" - Why is there 
> this throwaway line in here? If we look at 3562, we see there are
> three recommendations:
> o Key lengths SHOULD be between 12 and 24 bytes, with larger keys
> having effectively zero additional computational costs when compared to
> shorter keys.
> o Key sharing SHOULD be limited so that keys aren't shared among
> multiple BGP peering arrangements.
> o Keys SHOULD be changed at least every 90 days.
> What are the recommendations for each of these?  Why are we continuing
> to use them here?

We can reuse them here.

> With key diversification, perhaps the same root key can be used
> (assuming we document that a peer sharing that key could potentially
> create an attack on reboot). Also, with stronger MACs do we need to
> change keys every 90 days? Are 12-24 byte keys appropriate for 
> HMAC-SHA1-96 and AES-CMAC-96?

Will resolve.

> "TCP segments with TCP-AO but not matching TSAD entries MUST be
> silently accepted." - Accepted? Does this have to do with the
> proposed order-of-match logic internal to the end systems?

This means that gratuitous signing of segments will not cause them to be
dropped. We could change the requirement to 'drop if no key known', but
it seems like if you care about a source you would put in a key.

> "Additional reductions in MAC validation can be supported by using a
> MAC algorithm that partitions the MAC field into fixed and computed 
> portions." - Do we have examples of these MAC algorithms? Wouldn't 
> adding a "fixed" portion to a MAC algorithm rather defeat one of the
> MAC algorithm design goals? Perhaps one of the security experts could
> comment on this.

This was in response to an issue raised by Ran Atkinson, and he agreed
to the response. Such a MAC algorithm would be to overwrite the lowest
byte of an HMAC (e.g., from HMAC-SHA256) with a fixed byte. It does not
weaken the HMAC any more than would truncating the HMAC - e.g., if you
truncate to 80 bits, then add another 16 of nonce, then the nonce can be
used for fast triage. I can add that example if it seems useful.

> "In the default case, where only a single key is used at a time..." -
>  The document should elaborate on what it means here. Is this a 
> recommendation that the TSAD only support a single key? Why would
> there be invalid keys used?

Will fix.

> "... benefits from congestion control support for temporary path
> outages." - References?

Will add (it's just TCP congestion control).

> SACK recommendation - Why? Is there something special about TCP-AO,
> and not regular TCP sessions? Or is this a recommendation to use SACK
> for all TCP segments?

There's already a recommendation to use SACK in general. SACK helps here
to avoid reMAC'ing segments already received; given the overhead of the
MAC algorithms, this seems useful. Others already noted we should
explain this. In summary, we'll fix this to basically say "this is no
different from existing TCP recommendations, and the benefit from SACK
helps even more here".

> "Implementations are encouraged to keep keys in a suitably private
> area."  I agree, but what does this mean? What is suitable for this
> protocol?  What is private?

That's implementation advice. We can omit it.

> "Keys should not be shared across different hosts, because this could
> compromise the keying material itself." - Doesn't this defeat the
> purpose?  This is a shared-key cryptosystem.

This will be clarified to say "across hosts not directly communicating".
It's general key reuse info. We can omit it if preferred.

> "Note that when TCP MD5 is required for a connection, it must be used
> [RFC2385]" - This is rather confusing. This was written in one time
> and place, and there is real-life versus standards-life. We need to
> make recommendations for the former. Is the advice that only MD5 or
> AO be used based on a line in a standard published 10 years ago, that
> documented an even older implementation??

Yes, we're quoting existing requirements. It can be clarified; all it
means is that if you install a key for a socket pair in TCP MD5, you
don't accept segments that aren't signed.

> Section 10 - The option to calculate options or not should be in the
> packet.  If not, there will be a lot of broken connections out there,
> and people who have no idea why they are broken.

We've already explained several times that the reason a connection
breaks is determined by information at the endpoints already - the key,
the option inclusion info, etc. That already has to be confirmed; having
any of that info in the packet does not help.

> Section 12 - reference to Be07 should be Normative.

See note above.

> Section 13 - this section shows a limited knowledge of deployed
> routing protocols, especially in the comparison to what the document
> believes is the preferred solution of using IPSec. In deployment,
> there is both the TCP TTL hack, and the extensive use of edge and
> system ACL's to provide multilayer security.

That section can be clarified to explain that we're talking about
authentication of TCP segments and protection from spoofers that could
be on or off-path. The TCP TTL hack can be added.

Can you clarify the issue of ACLs? How do those protect TCP connections?

> "TCP-AO does not expose the MAC algorithm used to authenticate a..."
> - Again, this is a BAD IDEA^tm. It offers minimal expanded search
> space for the algorithm (1-bit). It also violates fundamental
> security design: The security should be in the key, not in the
> obscurity of the algorithm. Not carrying algorithm ID results in more
> downtime due to opaque system operation.

I can reword this throughout as "does not indicate" rather than implying
a benefit by using the word "exposed".

> "ICMP messages of Type 3, Codes 2-4" - This needs to be expanded.
> People do not have ICMP type codes memorized.

Will do.

> "To specify MAC algorithms, TCP-AO uses the 4-byte namespace of
> IKEv2" - Again, bad idea. This creates an unnecessary protocol
> linkage between the spaces. Not to mention a development, test and
> operational headache -- "This protocol supports 2 MAC types, and yet
> the codes are "17" and "153" - WTF??"

Already addressed above.

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Subject: Re: [tcpm] Comments on TCP-AO Draft
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inline...

At 12:06 PM 11/17/2008, Eddy, Wesley M. (GRC-RCN0)[VZ] wrote:
> >-----Original Message-----
> >From: tcpm-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:tcpm-bounces@ietf.org] On
> >Behalf Of LANGE Andrew
> >Sent: Monday, November 17, 2008 1:51 PM
> >To: tcpm@ietf.org
> >Subject: [tcpm] Comments on TCP-AO Draft
> >
> >
>
>
>There are a lot of good comments here that will strengthen
>the document.  One of them that concerns the wire-format rather
>than text additions, clarifications, and changes that are
>needed, which we should address quickly is:
>
>
> >1.4.1: " IETF-72 topic" sections "No current consensus was
> >reached on this topic, so no change was made."  This is a real
> >problem -- the logic is deeply flawed.  Allow me to restate:
> >One author of this document has appointed themselves the
> >arbiter of consensus.  This author disagrees with other
> >people, and therefore no "consensus" can ever be reached, so
> >the default case this author has chosen is to keep things they
> >way they like it.
> >
> > ...
> >
> >"..omit an explicit algorithm ID..." -- I've said this before,
> >this is a BAD IDEA^tm. The protocol utility of doing this is
> >minimal (1-bit increase in search space), and the operational
> >complexity goes up.  Not to mention, it makes it operationally
> >incompatible with existing implementations.
>
>
>There was logic given to support each side of the argument.  My
>understanding of the summary for each position is:
>
>(position 1 - "include") Including information like algorithm ID
>and k-bit is BAD because it aids in debugging of implementations
>and of configurations.

Wes, did you mean to say "GOOD" instead of "BAD" in this paragraph? 
I'll assume yes.


>(position 2 - "don't include") Including this information is BAD
>because it can expose information about the security parameters.
>It doesn't aid in debugging of configuration because operators still
>have to call each other in order to read off and verify keys.
>
>There seemed to be more people around position 2 than position 1,
>but we should flag this and ask during the meeting, as well as
>open this up on the mailing list to see what people prefer.  We
>need to pick one and move on.

I concur with your recollection about the two positions above. I also 
concur with your recollection that there was more people (not 100% 
consensus, but more) around Position 2 than 1. The argument I made 
went something like this, and was based on lots of years of debugging 
interop issues in both IKEv1/ESP and IKEv2/ESP:
  - there is only the case where the connection will be discussed out 
of band by system admins before a first connection is made. At that 
point, there will be some agreement about config choices.
  - if the connection doesn't work, you double check your config 
matches your agreement of config choices.
  - if the config matches the agreement, then you can try the other 
algo, just in case you misheard that part.
  - if it doesn't work, then you have to pick up the phone and call 
the other guy to double check config parameters.
  Conclusion: having the bits on the wire about the config elements 
doesn't help practically, and contradicts the basic security 
principle of hiding as much about the SA as possible.

So I am also support Position 2.

Gregory.


>As an individual, and not a co-chair, I'm in the position 2 "don't
>include" camp.
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>tcpm mailing list
>tcpm@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm

_______________________________________________
tcpm mailing list
tcpm@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm


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	"LANGE Andrew" <Andrew.Lange@alcatel-lucent.com>,<tcpm@ietf.org>
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inline again...

At 05:28 PM 11/17/2008, Gregory M. Lebovitz wrote:
>inline...
>
>At 12:06 PM 11/17/2008, Eddy, Wesley M. (GRC-RCN0)[VZ] wrote:
>> >-----Original Message-----
>> >From: tcpm-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:tcpm-bounces@ietf.org] On
>> >Behalf Of LANGE Andrew
>> >Sent: Monday, November 17, 2008 1:51 PM
>> >To: tcpm@ietf.org
>> >Subject: [tcpm] Comments on TCP-AO Draft
>> >
>> >
>>
>>
>>There are a lot of good comments here that will strengthen
>>the document.  One of them that concerns the wire-format rather
>>than text additions, clarifications, and changes that are
>>needed, which we should address quickly is:
>>
>>
>> >1.4.1: " IETF-72 topic" sections "No current consensus was
>> >reached on this topic, so no change was made."  This is a real
>> >problem -- the logic is deeply flawed.  Allow me to restate:
>> >One author of this document has appointed themselves the
>> >arbiter of consensus.  This author disagrees with other
>> >people, and therefore no "consensus" can ever be reached, so
>> >the default case this author has chosen is to keep things they
>> >way they like it.
>> >
>> > ...
>> >
>> >"..omit an explicit algorithm ID..." -- I've said this before,
>> >this is a BAD IDEA^tm. The protocol utility of doing this is
>> >minimal (1-bit increase in search space), and the operational
>> >complexity goes up.  Not to mention, it makes it operationally
>> >incompatible with existing implementations.

BTW, in the reference above, in the newly posted
     <http://tools.ietf.org/html/./draft-ietf-tcp-auth-opt-02>draft-ietf-tcp-auth-opt-02
this comment regards section 1.3.1, not 1.4.1.
Hope it helps,
Gregory.



>>There was logic given to support each side of the argument.  My
>>understanding of the summary for each position is:
>>
>>(position 1 - "include") Including information like algorithm ID
>>and k-bit is BAD because it aids in debugging of implementations
>>and of configurations.
>
>Wes, did you mean to say "GOOD" instead of "BAD" in this paragraph? 
>I'll assume yes.
>
>
>>(position 2 - "don't include") Including this information is BAD
>>because it can expose information about the security parameters.
>>It doesn't aid in debugging of configuration because operators still
>>have to call each other in order to read off and verify keys.
>>
>>There seemed to be more people around position 2 than position 1,
>>but we should flag this and ask during the meeting, as well as
>>open this up on the mailing list to see what people prefer.  We
>>need to pick one and move on.
>
>I concur with your recollection about the two positions above. I 
>also concur with your recollection that there was more people (not 
>100% consensus, but more) around Position 2 than 1. The argument I 
>made went something like this, and was based on lots of years of 
>debugging interop issues in both IKEv1/ESP and IKEv2/ESP:
>  - there is only the case where the connection will be discussed 
> out of band by system admins before a first connection is made. At 
> that point, there will be some agreement about config choices.
>  - if the connection doesn't work, you double check your config 
> matches your agreement of config choices.
>  - if the config matches the agreement, then you can try the other 
> algo, just in case you misheard that part.
>  - if it doesn't work, then you have to pick up the phone and call 
> the other guy to double check config parameters.
>  Conclusion: having the bits on the wire about the config elements 
> doesn't help practically, and contradicts the basic security 
> principle of hiding as much about the SA as possible.
>
>So I am also support Position 2.
>
>Gregory.
>
>
>>As an individual, and not a co-chair, I'm in the position 2 "don't
>>include" camp.
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>tcpm mailing list
>>tcpm@ietf.org
>>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm

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<html>
<body>
inline again...<br><br>
At 05:28 PM 11/17/2008, Gregory M. Lebovitz wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite="">inline...<br><br>
At 12:06 PM 11/17/2008, Eddy, Wesley M. (GRC-RCN0)[VZ] wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite="">&gt;-----Original
Message-----<br>
&gt;From: tcpm-bounces@ietf.org
[<a href="mailto:tcpm-bounces@ietf.org" eudora="autourl">
mailto:tcpm-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On <br>
&gt;Behalf Of LANGE Andrew<br>
&gt;Sent: Monday, November 17, 2008 1:51 PM<br>
&gt;To: tcpm@ietf.org<br>
&gt;Subject: [tcpm] Comments on TCP-AO Draft<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br><br>
<br>
There are a lot of good comments here that will strengthen<br>
the document.&nbsp; One of them that concerns the wire-format rather<br>
than text additions, clarifications, and changes that are<br>
needed, which we should address quickly is:<br><br>
<br>
&gt;1.4.1: &quot; IETF-72 topic&quot; sections &quot;No current consensus
was <br>
&gt;reached on this topic, so no change was made.&quot;&nbsp; This is a
real <br>
&gt;problem -- the logic is deeply flawed.&nbsp; Allow me to restate:
<br>
&gt;One author of this document has appointed themselves the <br>
&gt;arbiter of consensus.&nbsp; This author disagrees with other <br>
&gt;people, and therefore no &quot;consensus&quot; can ever be reached,
so <br>
&gt;the default case this author has chosen is to keep things they <br>
&gt;way they like it.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; ...<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&quot;..omit an explicit algorithm ID...&quot; -- I've said this
before, <br>
&gt;this is a BAD IDEA^tm. The protocol utility of doing this is <br>
&gt;minimal (1-bit increase in search space), and the operational <br>
&gt;complexity goes up.&nbsp; Not to mention, it makes it operationally
<br>
&gt;incompatible with existing
implementations.</blockquote></blockquote><br>
BTW, in the reference above, in the newly posted&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
<pre>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/./draft-ietf-tcp-auth-opt-02">
draft-ietf-tcp-auth-opt-02</a>
</pre><font face="Courier New, Courier">this comment regards section
1.3.1, not 1.4.1.<br>
Hope it helps,<br>
Gregory.<br><br>
<br><br>
</font><blockquote type=cite class=cite cite="">
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite="">There was logic given to support
each side of the argument.&nbsp; My<br>
understanding of the summary for each position is:<br><br>
(position 1 - &quot;include&quot;) Including information like algorithm
ID<br>
and k-bit is BAD because it aids in debugging of implementations<br>
and of configurations.</blockquote><br>
Wes, did you mean to say &quot;GOOD&quot; instead of &quot;BAD&quot; in
this paragraph? I'll assume yes.<br><br>
<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite="">(position 2 - &quot;don't
include&quot;) Including this information is BAD<br>
because it can expose information about the security parameters.<br>
It doesn't aid in debugging of configuration because operators still<br>
have to call each other in order to read off and verify keys.<br><br>
There seemed to be more people around position 2 than position 1,<br>
but we should flag this and ask during the meeting, as well as<br>
open this up on the mailing list to see what people prefer.&nbsp; We<br>
need to pick one and move on.</blockquote><br>
I concur with your recollection about the two positions above. I also
concur with your recollection that there was more people (not 100%
consensus, but more) around Position 2 than 1. The argument I made went
something like this, and was based on lots of years of debugging interop
issues in both IKEv1/ESP and IKEv2/ESP:<br>
&nbsp;- there is only the case where the connection will be discussed out
of band by system admins before a first connection is made. At that
point, there will be some agreement about config choices.<br>
&nbsp;- if the connection doesn't work, you double check your config
matches your agreement of config choices.<br>
&nbsp;- if the config matches the agreement, then you can try the other
algo, just in case you misheard that part.<br>
&nbsp;- if it doesn't work, then you have to pick up the phone and call
the other guy to double check config parameters. <br>
&nbsp;Conclusion: having the bits on the wire about the config elements
doesn't help practically, and contradicts the basic security principle of
hiding as much about the SA as possible.<br><br>
So I am also support Position 2.<br><br>
Gregory.<br><br>
<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite="">As an individual, and not a
co-chair, I'm in the position 2 &quot;don't<br>
include&quot; camp.<br><br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
tcpm mailing list<br>
tcpm@ietf.org<br>
<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm" eudora="autourl">
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm</a></blockquote></blockquote>
</body>
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>-----Original Message-----
>From: Gregory M. Lebovitz [mailto:gregory.ietf@gmail.com] 
>Sent: Monday, November 17, 2008 8:28 PM
>To: Eddy, Wesley M. (GRC-RCN0)[VZ]; LANGE Andrew; tcpm@ietf.org
>Subject: Re: [tcpm] Comments on TCP-AO Draft
>
>> > ...
>> >
>> >"..omit an explicit algorithm ID..." -- I've said this before,
>> >this is a BAD IDEA^tm. The protocol utility of doing this is
>> >minimal (1-bit increase in search space), and the operational
>> >complexity goes up.  Not to mention, it makes it operationally
>> >incompatible with existing implementations.
>>
>>
>>There was logic given to support each side of the argument.  My
>>understanding of the summary for each position is:
>>
>>(position 1 - "include") Including information like algorithm ID
>>and k-bit is BAD because it aids in debugging of implementations
>>and of configurations.
>
>Wes, did you mean to say "GOOD" instead of "BAD" in this paragraph? 
>I'll assume yes.



Yes; thanks for catching that ...

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From: Sally Floyd <sallyfloyd@mac.com>
To: tcpm <tcpm@ietf.org>
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Subject: [tcpm] Fwd:  I-D Action:draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-07.txt
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This is just a reminder that, though I won't be at the tcpm meeting  
today,
we have made a revision to the draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn draft, and it
needs another round of working group review before moving back
to the IESG for the final stages.

"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-07"

Many thanks,
- Sally



Begin forwarded message:

> From: Sally Floyd <sallyfloyd@mac.com>
> Date: November 5, 2008 4:04:56 PM PST
> To: tcpm <tcpm@ietf.org>
> Cc: "K. K. Ramakrishnan" <kkrama@research.att.com>, Amit Mondal <amitmondal2010@u.northwestern.edu 
> >, Aleksandar Kuzmanovic <akuzma@cs.northwestern.edu>
> Subject: Re: [tcpm] I-D Action:draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-07.txt
>
> We have (finally) revised draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn, on "Adding Explicit
> Congestion Notification (ECN) Capability to TCP's SYN/ACK Packets",
> and are finally ready for it to complete the standardization process.
>
> Here is the story:
>
> The draft had finished Working Group Last Call, and been forwarded
> to the IESG for review.  As a final step in revising the draft
> after the AD Evaluation, we (the authors) reran the simulations
> with an updated version of the ns-2 simulator, and found that in
> some highly congested scenarios, ECN+ would significantly increase
> the packet drop rate even further.  (I am appending the 5/26/08
> email below.)
>
> In response to this, we have added a change to ECN+, which in
> the new draft we call "ECN+/TryOnce".  With ECN+/TryOnce, when
> an ECN-Capable SYN/ACK packet is ECN-marked, the TCP responder
> sends another SYN/ACK packet that is not ECN-Capable, and also
> reduces the initial window to one packet.  ECN+/TryOnce
> shows most of the performance benefit of ECN+, and avoids the
> problem of increasing the packet drop rate in times of high
> congestion.
>
> I think it makes sense to pass this through the working group
> before going back to the IESG.  However, I won't be at IETF
> in Minnesota, and am hoping that this can be done by email.
>
> The new version of the draft is at:
> "http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-07",
> and that web page also gives the differences with earlier
> versions of the draft.  Any feedback would be appreciated.
>
> Many thanks,
> - Sally
> http://www.icir.org/floyd/

...
>> From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
>> Date: November 3, 2008 12:30:01 PM PST
>> To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
>> Cc: tcpm@ietf.org
>> Subject: [tcpm] I-D Action:draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-07.txt
>>
>> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts  
>> directories.
>> This draft is a work item of the TCP Maintenance and Minor  
>> Extensions Working Group of the IETF.
>>
>>
>> 	Title           : Adding Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)  
>> Capability to TCP's SYN/ACK Packets
>> 	Author(s)       : S. Floyd, I. Property
>> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-07.txt
>> 	Pages           : 33
>> 	Date            : 2008-11-03
>>
>> This draft specifies a modification to RFC 3168 to allow TCP SYN/ACK
>> packets to be ECN-Capable.  For TCP, RFC 3168 only specifies setting
>> an ECN-Capable codepoint on data packets, and not on SYN and SYN/ACK
>> packets.  However, because of the high cost to the TCP transfer of
>> having a SYN/ACK packet dropped, with the resulting retransmit
>> timeout, this document specifies the use of ECN for the SYN/ACK
>> packet itself, when sent in response to a SYN packet with the two ECN
>> flags set in the TCP header, indicating a willingness to use ECN.
>> Setting the initial TCP SYN/ACK packet as ECN-Capable can be of great
>> benefit to the TCP connection, avoiding the severe penalty of a
>> retransmit timeout for a connection that has not yet started placing
>> a load on the network.  The TCP responder (the sender of the SYN/ACK
>> packet) must reply to a report of an ECN-marked SYN/ACK packet by
>> resending a SYN/ACK packet that is not ECN-Capable.  If the resent
>> SYN/ACK packet is acknowledged, then the TCP responder reduces its
>> initial congestion window from two, three, or four segments to one
>> segment, thereby reducing the subsequent load from that connection on
>> the network.  If instead the SYN/ACK packet is dropped, or for some
>> other reason the TCP responder does not receive an acknowledgement in
>> the specified time, the TCP responder follows TCP standards for a
>> dropped SYN/ACK packet (setting the retransmit timer).  This document
>> updates RFC 3168.
>>
>> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-ecnsyn-07.txt
>>
>> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
>> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
>>
>> Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
>> implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
>> Internet-Draft.
> Content-Type: text/plain<BR>Content-ID: &lt;2008-11-03122057.I-D@ietf.org 
> &gt;<BR><BR>
>
>> _______________________________________________
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>> tcpm@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm

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Subject: [tcpm] Guidance on selection of MAC algorithms for TCP-AO
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

The following is posted on behalf of Tim Polk since it did not appear on
the list as intended (he may not be a subscriber).

Please CC this message in replies to include Tim, Russ, and Pasi on any
discussion.

Joe

- ----

From: Tim Polk <tim.polk@nist.gov>
Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2008 17:13:07 -0000
To: <tcpm@ietf.org>
Cc: Russ Housley <housley@vigilsec.com>, Pasi Eronen
<Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>,
Lars Eggert <lars.eggert@nokia.com>
Subject: Guidance on selection of MAC algorithms for TCP-AO



TCP-AO needs to make two decisions with respect to MAC algorithms:
select algorithms for the current specification; and establish
criteria for specification of MAC algorithms in the future.  To be
honest, there are numerous MAC algorithms that could satisfy TCP-AO's
security requirements.  Pragmatic issues like performance and current
code bases need to be factored in as well.

The two most attractive options for generating the MAC are AES 128 in
the cipher-based message authentication code (CMAC) mode and the
SHA-1 Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC).   Both options
provide a high level of security and efficiency.  The AES 128 CMAC is
potentially more efficient, particularly in hardware, but SHA-1 HMAC
is more widely used in Internet protocols and in most cases could be
supported with little or no additional code.

Another aspect of the algorithm selection is whether the tags should
be truncated.  CMAC-AES-128 produces a 128 bit MAC, and HMAC SHA-1
produces a 160 bit result.  The MAC can be truncated to 96 bits
provide a reasonable tradeoff between security and message size.  So,
the algorithms that were in draft-bonica are entirely reasonable
choices: AES-128-CMAC-96 and HMAC-SHA-1-96.  For interoperability,
the working group needs to either specify one MAC algorithm as a MUST
and the other as a SHOULD, or specify MUST implement for both
algorithms.

Note that the security issues driving the migration from SHA-1 to
SHA-256 for digital signatures do not apply here.  The security
strength of SHA-1 HMACs should be sufficient for the foreseeable
future.  In addition, when the tags are truncated to 96 bits it is
debatable if there is any increase in the security.

Since this document provides cryptographic agility, it is also
important to establish requirements for future MAC algorithms.  The
TCPM WG should restrict any future MAC algorithms for this
specification to ones that can protect at least 2**48 messages with a
probability that a collision will occur of less than one in a billion.

Tim Polk, Pasi Eronen, and Russ Housley
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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Nov 18 12:06:33 2008
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Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2008 14:06:08 -0600
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: tcpm@ietf.org
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Subject: [tcpm] PRFs
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We had a little discussion on the list about PRFs earlier, and when
I talked to Joe I said I would generate some text. Here it is:

   Given a TSAD key, the TCP socket pair, and the connection ISNs, the 
   connection key used in the MAC algorithm is computed using a 
   pseudorandom function (PRF), which is assumed to be able to
   produce an arbitrary number of random bits. The directional
   connection keys are computed as:

   Conn_Key = PRF(Key, connblock)

   Where enough bytes are generated to match the required key
   length for the algorithm.

We also discussed PRF definitions. As I mentioned, while many
MACs can double as PRFs, there's no easy transformation from
a MAC to a PRF. Luckly, I think it's clear we can rip off
PRFs from some existing registry, e.g., the IPsec registry defined in
RFC 4306 (http://www.iana.org/assignments/ikev2-parameters), which
has all the PRFs we would most likely want, including those which
rely on functions which roughly match the likely MAC transforms.

The high level question seems to me that we need to decide 
whether to tie PRFs to MACs, with the natural approach to
use the corresponding PRF (e.g., you use HMAC-SHA-256 with
PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256) or to allow mix-and-match. We can discuss
the pluses and minuses of these options (which seem kind of
obvious) at the meeting.

-Ekr



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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Nov 18 12:16:59 2008
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] Guidance on selection of MAC algorithms for TCP-AO
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At Tue, 18 Nov 2008 11:48:35 -0800,
Joe Touch wrote:
> TCP-AO needs to make two decisions with respect to MAC algorithms:
> select algorithms for the current specification; and establish
> criteria for specification of MAC algorithms in the future.  To be
> honest, there are numerous MAC algorithms that could satisfy TCP-AO's
> security requirements.  Pragmatic issues like performance and current
> code bases need to be factored in as well.
> 
> The two most attractive options for generating the MAC are AES 128 in
> the cipher-based message authentication code (CMAC) mode and the
> SHA-1 Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC).   Both options
> provide a high level of security and efficiency.  The AES 128 CMAC is
> potentially more efficient, particularly in hardware, but SHA-1 HMAC
> is more widely used in Internet protocols and in most cases could be
> supported with little or no additional code.
> 
> Another aspect of the algorithm selection is whether the tags should
> be truncated.  CMAC-AES-128 produces a 128 bit MAC, and HMAC SHA-1
> produces a 160 bit result.  The MAC can be truncated to 96 bits
> provide a reasonable tradeoff between security and message size.  So,
> the algorithms that were in draft-bonica are entirely reasonable
> choices: AES-128-CMAC-96 and HMAC-SHA-1-96.  For interoperability,
> the working group needs to either specify one MAC algorithm as a MUST
> and the other as a SHOULD, or specify MUST implement for both
> algorithms.
> 
> Note that the security issues driving the migration from SHA-1 to
> SHA-256 for digital signatures do not apply here.  The security
> strength of SHA-1 HMACs should be sufficient for the foreseeable
> future.

I'm sorry to be difficult, but I don't think that this is quite so
clear. The relevant cite here is:

Jongsung Kim and Alex Biryukov and Bart Preneel and Seokhie Hong,
"On the Security of HMAC and NMAC Based on HAVAL, MD4, MD5, SHA-0 and SHA-1",
SCN 2006.

http://eprint.iacr.org/2006/187
http://www.springerlink.com/content/00w4v62651001303/

While it's clear that the attacks aren't practical on SHA-1, or probably
MD5, it's not like the types of analysis people are mounting don't
potentially pose a concern for HMAC forgery if they were significantly
improved, so I don't think that it's fair to say that the "security issues
driving the migration... don't apply here"

-Ekr
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Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2008 12:29:13 -0800
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>,Joe Touch <touch@ISI.EDU>
From: "Gregory M. Lebovitz" <gregory.ietf@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] Guidance on selection of MAC algorithms for TCP-AO
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Ekr,
Point of process order:  since we've decide that the TCPM/TCP-AO 
effort team will simply receive a decision on MACs from SAAG, may I 
suggest that we take this dicussion to the SAAG list, or do it 
privately between the SAAG folks in the TCP-AO effort, rather than 
pelting the rest of TCPM folks with it? Would you be okay with that?

Gregory.

At 12:16 PM 11/18/2008, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>At Tue, 18 Nov 2008 11:48:35 -0800,
>Joe Touch wrote:
> > TCP-AO needs to make two decisions with respect to MAC algorithms:
> > select algorithms for the current specification; and establish
> > criteria for specification of MAC algorithms in the future.  To be
> > honest, there are numerous MAC algorithms that could satisfy TCP-AO's
> > security requirements.  Pragmatic issues like performance and current
> > code bases need to be factored in as well.
> >
> > The two most attractive options for generating the MAC are AES 128 in
> > the cipher-based message authentication code (CMAC) mode and the
> > SHA-1 Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC).   Both options
> > provide a high level of security and efficiency.  The AES 128 CMAC is
> > potentially more efficient, particularly in hardware, but SHA-1 HMAC
> > is more widely used in Internet protocols and in most cases could be
> > supported with little or no additional code.
> >
> > Another aspect of the algorithm selection is whether the tags should
> > be truncated.  CMAC-AES-128 produces a 128 bit MAC, and HMAC SHA-1
> > produces a 160 bit result.  The MAC can be truncated to 96 bits
> > provide a reasonable tradeoff between security and message size.  So,
> > the algorithms that were in draft-bonica are entirely reasonable
> > choices: AES-128-CMAC-96 and HMAC-SHA-1-96.  For interoperability,
> > the working group needs to either specify one MAC algorithm as a MUST
> > and the other as a SHOULD, or specify MUST implement for both
> > algorithms.
> >
> > Note that the security issues driving the migration from SHA-1 to
> > SHA-256 for digital signatures do not apply here.  The security
> > strength of SHA-1 HMACs should be sufficient for the foreseeable
> > future.
>
>I'm sorry to be difficult, but I don't think that this is quite so
>clear. The relevant cite here is:
>
>Jongsung Kim and Alex Biryukov and Bart Preneel and Seokhie Hong,
>"On the Security of HMAC and NMAC Based on HAVAL, MD4, MD5, SHA-0 and SHA-1",
>SCN 2006.
>
>http://eprint.iacr.org/2006/187
>http://www.springerlink.com/content/00w4v62651001303/
>
>While it's clear that the attacks aren't practical on SHA-1, or probably
>MD5, it's not like the types of analysis people are mounting don't
>potentially pose a concern for HMAC forgery if they were significantly
>improved, so I don't think that it's fair to say that the "security issues
>driving the migration... don't apply here"
>
>-Ekr
>_______________________________________________
>tcpm mailing list
>tcpm@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm

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On 08-11-18 14:29, "ext Gregory M. Lebovitz" <gregory.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:
> Point of process order:  since we've decide that the TCPM/TCP-AO
> effort team will simply receive a decision on MACs from SAAG, may I
> suggest that we take this dicussion to the SAAG list, or do it
> privately between the SAAG folks in the TCP-AO effort, rather than
> pelting the rest of TCPM folks with it? Would you be okay with that?

I'd be OK with that, if we're going to get a response this time. (The last
time we tried, we didn't...)

Lars

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Hi Wesley,

We can certainly discuss the issue.  Although there seems to be a typo =
below. Shouldn't the include option say that it is GOOD to include the =
data?

I've also includes some elaboration of the arguments inline.  Perhaps an =
explanation of where this requirement is coming from would help.=20

<< elided >>


>1.4.1: " IETF-72 topic" sections "No current consensus was=20
>reached on this topic, so no change was made."  This is a real=20
>problem -- the logic is deeply flawed.  Allow me to restate:=20
>One author of this document has appointed themselves the=20
>arbiter of consensus.  This author disagrees with other=20
>people, and therefore no "consensus" can ever be reached, so=20
>the default case this author has chosen is to keep things they=20
>way they like it.
>
> ...
>
>"..omit an explicit algorithm ID..." -- I've said this before,=20
>this is a BAD IDEA^tm. The protocol utility of doing this is=20
>minimal (1-bit increase in search space), and the operational=20
>complexity goes up.  Not to mention, it makes it operationally=20
>incompatible with existing implementations.


There was logic given to support each side of the argument.  My
understanding of the summary for each position is:

(position 1 - "include") Including information like algorithm ID
and k-bit is BAD because it aids in debugging of implementations
and of configurations.

Elaboration: Including this information allows debugging, and =
significantly aids in drilling down to the real problem.  I have had a =
direct hand in operating, engineering or architecting five major ISP =
networks, before working for a vendor.  Since then, I've been involved =
in a number of others.  The simple truth is that any additional =
information is very helpful, especially at 4am, when you've rebooted a =
peering router, and cannot explain why some of the peering sessions are =
up, and others aren't.  Misconfigurations take many forms, and being =
able to look, and see immediately that, during the reboot the local =
system failed back to a saved config with "ignore TCP options" or "use =
HMAC-SHA-1-96", and the other side is sending "use AES-128-CMAC-96" =
clears up the need for a phone call.  Also, in reality, it is rarely a =
simple as a phone call.  Tickets are created, phone calls are made, =
escalations happen, all the while traffic is misrouted, or not flowing =
at all.  The longer the outage, the bigger the bottom line impact. =
Having this information around reduces the impact, and shortens or =
eliminates the phone call.  Having been there at 4am, troubleshooting =
these sorts of things in the past, I know this.  And it hold true across =
operators.=20

(position 2 - "don't include") Including this information is BAD
because it can expose information about the security parameters.
It doesn't aid in debugging of configuration because operators still
have to call each other in order to read off and verify keys.

Elaboration: Originally I was also of this position.   However, I came =
around when I considered the operational impacts.  We need to make this =
protocol as operator-friendly as possible.  That is why it is being =
created to begin with.  We shouldn't lose sight of deployability and =
maintainability in the quest to shorten an option by a byte (especially =
when we gain 3 from MD5 to start with.)  Also, we have had many strong =
security experts, such as ekr and Brian Weis (gentlemen, correct me if =
I'm misquoting you) say that putting algorithm ID in the packet does =
very little to make it harder for a bad guy to attack the session.  To =
be specific, the attacker has to be a man-in-the-middle to see the ALG =
ID to start with (whereas blind attacks are probably more likely).  In =
addition, the search space would be extended by a single bit.  We're =
already using very strong algorithms, and have the agility to add more.  =
Search is already infeasible with known state, and if that changes the =
right approach, and the secure approach is to introduce another =
algorithm.=20

There seemed to be more people around position 2 than position 1,
but we should flag this and ask during the meeting, as well as
open this up on the mailing list to see what people prefer.  We
need to pick one and move on.

Elaboration: I haven't taken a poll, but we do need to keep in mind, =
that operators tend to be poorly represented, and they are the people =
who are going to be using this.

As an individual, and not a co-chair, I'm in the position 2 "don't
include" camp.




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<TITLE>RE: [tcpm] Comments on TCP-AO Draft</TITLE>
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<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Hi Wesley,<BR>
<BR>
We can certainly discuss the issue.&nbsp; Although there seems to be a =
typo below. Shouldn't the include option say that it is GOOD to include =
the data?<BR>
<BR>
I've also includes some elaboration of the arguments inline.&nbsp; =
Perhaps an explanation of where this requirement is coming from would =
help.<BR>
<BR>
&lt;&lt; elided &gt;&gt;<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
&gt;1.4.1: &quot; IETF-72 topic&quot; sections &quot;No current =
consensus was<BR>
&gt;reached on this topic, so no change was made.&quot;&nbsp; This is a =
real<BR>
&gt;problem -- the logic is deeply flawed.&nbsp; Allow me to =
restate:<BR>
&gt;One author of this document has appointed themselves the<BR>
&gt;arbiter of consensus.&nbsp; This author disagrees with other<BR>
&gt;people, and therefore no &quot;consensus&quot; can ever be reached, =
so<BR>
&gt;the default case this author has chosen is to keep things they<BR>
&gt;way they like it.<BR>
&gt;<BR>
&gt; ...<BR>
&gt;<BR>
&gt;&quot;..omit an explicit algorithm ID...&quot; -- I've said this =
before,<BR>
&gt;this is a BAD IDEA^tm. The protocol utility of doing this is<BR>
&gt;minimal (1-bit increase in search space), and the operational<BR>
&gt;complexity goes up.&nbsp; Not to mention, it makes it =
operationally<BR>
&gt;incompatible with existing implementations.<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
There was logic given to support each side of the argument.&nbsp; My<BR>
understanding of the summary for each position is:<BR>
<BR>
(position 1 - &quot;include&quot;) Including information like algorithm =
ID<BR>
and k-bit is BAD because it aids in debugging of implementations<BR>
and of configurations.<BR>
<BR>
Elaboration: Including this information allows debugging, and =
significantly aids in drilling down to the real problem.&nbsp; I have =
had a direct hand in operating, engineering or architecting five major =
ISP networks, before working for a vendor.&nbsp; Since then, I've been =
involved in a number of others.&nbsp; The simple truth is that any =
additional information is very helpful, especially at 4am, when you've =
rebooted a peering router, and cannot explain why some of the peering =
sessions are up, and others aren't.&nbsp; Misconfigurations take many =
forms, and being able to look, and see immediately that, during the =
reboot the local system failed back to a saved config with &quot;ignore =
TCP options&quot; or &quot;use HMAC-SHA-1-96&quot;, and the other side =
is sending &quot;use AES-128-CMAC-96&quot; clears up the need for a =
phone call.&nbsp; Also, in reality, it is rarely a simple as a phone =
call.&nbsp; Tickets are created, phone calls are made, escalations =
happen, all the while traffic is misrouted, or not flowing at all.&nbsp; =
The longer the outage, the bigger the bottom line impact. Having this =
information around reduces the impact, and shortens or eliminates the =
phone call.&nbsp; Having been there at 4am, troubleshooting these sorts =
of things in the past, I know this.&nbsp; And it hold true across =
operators.<BR>
<BR>
(position 2 - &quot;don't include&quot;) Including this information is =
BAD<BR>
because it can expose information about the security parameters.<BR>
It doesn't aid in debugging of configuration because operators still<BR>
have to call each other in order to read off and verify keys.<BR>
<BR>
Elaboration: Originally I was also of this position.&nbsp;&nbsp; =
However, I came around when I considered the operational impacts.&nbsp; =
We need to make this protocol as operator-friendly as possible.&nbsp; =
That is why it is being created to begin with.&nbsp; We shouldn't lose =
sight of deployability and maintainability in the quest to shorten an =
option by a byte (especially when we gain 3 from MD5 to start =
with.)&nbsp; Also, we have had many strong security experts, such as ekr =
and Brian Weis (gentlemen, correct me if I'm misquoting you) say that =
putting algorithm ID in the packet does very little to make it harder =
for a bad guy to attack the session.&nbsp; To be specific, the attacker =
has to be a man-in-the-middle to see the ALG ID to start with (whereas =
blind attacks are probably more likely).&nbsp; In addition, the search =
space would be extended by a single bit.&nbsp; We're already using very =
strong algorithms, and have the agility to add more.&nbsp; Search is =
already infeasible with known state, and if that changes the right =
approach, and the secure approach is to introduce another algorithm.<BR>
<BR>
There seemed to be more people around position 2 than position 1,<BR>
but we should flag this and ask during the meeting, as well as<BR>
open this up on the mailing list to see what people prefer.&nbsp; We<BR>
need to pick one and move on.<BR>
<BR>
Elaboration: I haven't taken a poll, but we do need to keep in mind, =
that operators tend to be poorly represented, and they are the people =
who are going to be using this.<BR>
<BR>
As an individual, and not a co-chair, I'm in the position 2 =
&quot;don't<BR>
include&quot; camp.<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
</FONT>
</P>

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	Wesley M. \(GRC-RCN0\)\[VZ\]" <Wesley.M.Eddy@nasa.gov>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] Comments on TCP-AO Draft
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At Tue, 18 Nov 2008 15:34:10 -0600,
LANGE Andrew wrote:
> (position 2 - "don't include") Including this information is BAD
> because it can expose information about the security parameters.  It
> doesn't aid in debugging of configuration because operators still
> have to call each other in order to read off and verify keys.
> 
> Elaboration: Originally I was also of this position.  However, I
> came around when I considered the operational impacts.  We need to
> make this protocol as operator-friendly as possible.  That is why it
> is being created to begin with.  We shouldn't lose sight of
> deployability and maintainability in the quest to shorten an option
> by a byte (especially when we gain 3 from MD5 to start with.)  Also,
> we have had many strong security experts, such as ekr and Brian Weis
> (gentlemen, correct me if I'm misquoting you) say that putting
> algorithm ID in the packet does very little to make it harder for a
> bad guy to attack the session.  To be specific, the attacker has to
> be a man-in-the-middle to see the ALG ID to start with (whereas
> blind attacks are probably more likely).  In addition, the search
> space would be extended by a single bit.  We're already using very
> strong algorithms, and have the agility to add more.  Search is
> already infeasible with known state, and if that changes the right
> approach, and the secure approach is to introduce another algorithm.

I don't think there's any real security value to hiding the identity
of the MAC algorithm. I leave the question of whether shaving the
byte is worth doing to the TCP experts.

-Ekr
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	<david.borman@windriver.com>, Murali Bashyam <mbcoder@gmail.com>
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Thread-Topic: Re: [tcpm] draft-ananth-tcpm-persist-00.txt as a WG document
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Subject: Re: [tcpm] draft-ananth-tcpm-persist-00.txt as a WG document
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Wes/David

What are the next steps for this document to be considered a  WG item? Can we get some closure on this draft?

Thx,
Murali

> -----Original Message-----
> From: tcpm-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:tcpm-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Murali Bashyam
> Sent: Saturday, October 04, 2008 9:49 PM
> To: David Borman; Murali Bashyam
> Cc: Anantha Ramaiah (ananth); tcpm@ietf.org; Ted Faber
> Subject: Re: [tcpm] draft-ananth-tcpm-persist-00.txt as a WG document
>
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: David Borman [mailto:david.borman@windriver.com]
> > Sent: Friday, October 03, 2008 2:05 PM
> > To: Murali Bashyam
> > Cc: Ted Faber; tcpm@ietf.org; Anantha Ramaiah (ananth); Murali
> Bashyam
> > Subject: Re: [tcpm] draft-ananth-tcpm-persist-00.txt as a WG document
> >
> >
> > On Oct 3, 2008, at 2:37 PM, Murali Bashyam wrote:
> > >
> > > My intent was that even where TCP implementations have a scheme for
> > > dropping connections in the event
> > > of resource exhaustion (such as the Linux one does), they have
> > > excluded connections in this state.
> > > The point i am trying to convey is that the 1122 portion has
> > > (mis)guided them in that direction.
> >
> > If this is true, it should be clarified.  1122 does not in any way
> say
> > that ABORT does not apply to connections in persist state (probing a
> > zero window).
> >
> > ...
> > >> In light of that I think that the sentence about "TCP itself
> SHOULD
> > >> not[sic] take any action..." is more confusing than the 1122
> > section.
> > >> It seems to imply that TCP might react differently to an abort
> than
> > >> the single paragraph in 793, and I don't think that's the case.
> > >
> > > What's meant here is that it's okay for the connection to get
> > > aborted in this state, whatever the mechanism for doing
> > > so maybe: TCP can abort the connection and inform the application,
> > > similar to the retransmit/persist timeout mechanisms
> > > already in place, or the application can choose to abort the
> > > connection based policy, or the OS can do so based
> > > on resource management criteria. We can re-word that sentence and
> > > paragraph to reflect this.
> >
> > Just to be clear: TCP DOES NOT ABORT THE CONNECTION!  The OS or the
> > application can choose to ABORT the connection, but TCP does not make
> > this decision.  TCP does have retransmit timers, and it is allowed to
> > terminate unresponsive connections, but it does not abort connections
> > just because they are in persist state for long periods of time.
> > Until you are running out of resources there is no good reason to
> > terminate connections in persist state, and when you are running out
> > of resources, it is the OS that is deciding whether or not to ABORT
> > any TCP connections.
>
> I agree that the retransmit/persist timeout analogy doesn't apply to
> this situation.
> It is ONLY the OS or resource manager or the application that can
> terminate the connection
> In this state.
>
> >
> >
> > >> Now, a strictly defined abort command seems to somewhat contradict
> > my
> > >> earlier comments about allowing implementers some freedom.  This
> is
> > a
> > >> spot where the standards body has required a specific tool to be
> > >> available to applications (and OSes and resource managers): there
> > >> must
> > >> be a way to annihilate a TCP connection from outside without
> regard
> > >> to
> > >> its state or anything else.  The standard is silent about how the
> > >> command is used; that's the flexibility here.
> > >
> > > The abort semantics as specified by 793 are clear, they are not
> > > specific to a particular state, it's the opinion
> > > of the authors that 1122 excludes it from being applied in this
> > state.
> >
> > Yes, that is an opinion, but it is wrong.  In no way does 1122 say
> > that connections in persist state cannot be ABORTed.  What 1122 does
> > say is that a connection being in persist state for a long time is
> not
> > sufficient reason *by itself* to terminate a TCP connection, i.e.,
> > don't time it out like you would a connection to a non-responsive
> host.
>
> Just so that we are all clear, i want to summarize the goals of the
> draft here once again:
>
> 1. Clarify the 1122 ambiguity/stance on the sender behavior in persist
> state.
> 2. Document (for informational purpose) the consequence of this
> behavior leading to
> the DoS possibility.
> 3. Specify that the OS/application can terminate the connection in this
> state using the 793 ABORT interface.
>
> We are NOT documenting the various memory management
> considerations/issues surrounding the DoS scenario, that's left to the
> implementers discretion.
>
> We will change the section that's ambiguous regarding the sentence that
> goes "TCP itself should not take any action...".
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> tcpm mailing list
> tcpm@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tcpm
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From: "Eddy, Wesley M. (GRC-RCN0)[VZ]" <Wesley.M.Eddy@nasa.gov>
To: "Murali Bashyam" <MBashyam@OcarinaNetworks.com>,
	"David Borman" <david.borman@windriver.com>,
	"Murali Bashyam" <mbcoder@gmail.com>
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Cc: "Anantha	Ramaiah \(ananth\)" <ananth@cisco.com>, tcpm@ietf.org,
	Ted Faber <faber@isi.edu>
Subject: Re: [tcpm] draft-ananth-tcpm-persist-00.txt as a WG document
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>-----Original Message-----
>From: tcpm-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:tcpm-bounces@ietf.org] On 
>Behalf Of Murali Bashyam
>Sent: Friday, November 21, 2008 2:34 AM
>To: Murali Bashyam; David Borman; Murali Bashyam
>Cc: Ted Faber; tcpm@ietf.org; Anantha Ramaiah (ananth)
>Subject: Re: [tcpm] draft-ananth-tcpm-persist-00.txt as a WG document
>
>Wes/David
>
>What are the next steps for this document to be considered a  
>WG item? Can we get some closure on this draft?


In the email thread proposing to adopt this, there were
several people who expressed resistance.  Most seemed to
agree that it's not a pressing matter for TCPM and we'd
only be providing implementation guidance.  There was only
fairly weak support for adopting this expressed by anyone
but the authors, from what I saw.  To me, it doesn't look
like the WG is expressing sufficient interest to carry
this through the process, even if it's mostly technically
accurate and has some small utility in aiding implementers.

Unless people start flooding forward to express interest
in this as being important to them and commit to doing
reviews, etc., I don't think it can be adopted as a WG item.
If anyone does strongly support the document as a WG item,
please speak up.

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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Nov 26 02:39:09 2008
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I volunteered to review this I-D in the TCPM meeting in MPLS.

I'd like to make the following observations, and explore whether these 
are issues:

* It was interesting to read the issues presented in the I-D. The I-D is 
mainly documentation of algorithms and current practice. If published, 
this seems like an informational document - I can not determine whether 
this is needed, and whether the material could already be covered by 
other documentation.

* One section of the document (6) describes issues with Source-Quench, 
however this is not a credible issue - it has long been known that 
Source-Quench is not of value. I think this section could safely be 
omitted, reduced or combined with earlier sections to provide more 
rationale for the main part of the I-D.

* The main part of the document is about PMTUD vulnerabilities to ICMP 
attacks and some deployed countermeasures. In my opinion, this 
discussion should be set against the framework defined by the IETF 
standards-track  "Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery", RFC 4821, 
March 2007. This is not currently mentioned, which I find very 
confusing. I'd suggest that if the document is to be published as a 
useful output of the transport area it must compare the non-ICMP methods 
to those in RFC 4821.

* Appendix A concludes with an interpretation of the meaning of several 
RFCs. If this is the result of an IETF WG consensus call, this needs to 
be made clear and more effort needs to be made to determine the correct 
advice. If this is the editor's own view, then it should be omitted from 
a working group draft.

* Finally, I do not see a detailed discussion of ICMP issues in general 
as the title suggests, but more of a focus on PMTUD attacks. A change to 
the title and abstract would help attract the right people to read this 
and better reflect the actual content.

I will separately send some comments on the document itself to the list, 
but have decided to postpone the final stage of the review until I hear 
more about the relationship to PLPMTUD, since this may require some 
reworking of the document. It may be that there has been discussion on 
this topic before, if so please let me know.

Best wishes,

Gorry
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From tcpm-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Nov 26 02:39:45 2008
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I volunteered to review this I-D in the TCPM meeting in MPLS, this email 
contains detailed comments on the text (but not the pseudocode). I may 
have more comments, depending on whether the answers to my other email 
also change my understanding of the draft.

Best wishes,

Gorry


---


Detailed notes/comments

These notes detail some of the document issues. A separate email 
highlights some issues that I feel are more significant.

Abstract, line 4:
/describes a/
- Insert /this also/ before the above clause.

Abstract
The abstract seems to match the title, but the majority of text 
describes the use or non-use of ICMP for selecting path MTU. If this is 
a major feature of the I-D, it should be reflected in the abstract.

Section 1, para 1
/allowing variety of/
          ^
- please insert 'a'

Section 2.1.1 does not review the guidance on PLPMTUD provided in RFC 4821.

Section 2.1.1 talks about source-quench. Is it possible to say this is 
historic in some way?

Section 2.1.1 also needs a ref to RFC4821 besides that of RFC1191.

Section 2.1.2 also needs to mention RFC 4821 (see previous note)

Section 2.3 has an unclear introduction to IPsec, I think it is missing 
a few sentences that define the basic terminology used later in the draft.

Section 3, para 1
- Identifies the small minimum payload of IPv4 ICXMP messages. In the 
light of extensive use of tunnels, it would be good to comment on the 
issues in receiving ICMP messages from routers on a tunnel path.

Section 3, para 3
- I do not understand how a portion of a signed segment actually helps 
more than any other valid packet header sent from the sending host.

Section 3, final para
/with every existing intermediate system/
- this seems extreme. Is it
/the set of routers along the path to the destination/

Section 4.1
/so makes TCP react only/
- this would be better written as:
/that makes a sender TCP only react/

Section 4.2
/increasing the port number range for outgoing/
-  This needs more detail: what does this mean?
- is this a practice endorsed by the IETF, a new procedure, or one that 
goes against an IETF recommendation?

/connection/ - spelling needs to be corrected.

Section 4.3
/can help to prevent users of the network being protected/
- This seems odd. Is this sentence correct?

Section 5.1, bullet 2
/and repeatedly retransmit its data/
- This needs clarification, is this a special procedure, or a standard 
TCP retransmit?

Section 5.1
/It is important to note that even if/
- please delete //It is important to note that/

Section 5.2
/It is interesting to note that as/
- please delete.

Section 5.2
/ USER TIMEOUT/  - should this be upper case?

Paragraph starting /In scenarios such that.../ reads curiously, please 
clarify the English.

Section 6.1/6.2
- The level of detail in the section ICMP Source Quench seems rather 
odd, given that networks have been discouraged to deploy this for many 
years and RFC1812 already in 1995 has stated "A router SHOULD NOT 
originate ICMP Source Quench messages." Do we need to pick-apart the 
vulnerability of a mechanism that is not recommended for use in the 
general internet? - I'd prefer a more concise description.

Section 7.1
/When one IP system has a large amount of data to send to another
    system, the data will be transmitted as a series of IP datagrams. /
- I think it's not necessarily so large!
- I think it would be bette to say the Internet architecture allows the 
sender to break data into a series of IP datagrams for transmission 
across the Internet - or something like that.

Section 7.1
/The basic idea behind the PMTUD mechanism is that a source system 
assumes that the
    MTU of the path is that of the first hop,/
- It's probably better language to say it sets upper bound to the 
interface MTU (is there really an assumption here, this seems like a 
search algorithm).

Section 7.1
/"fragmentation neeed and DF/
                    ^ - insert 'd'

Section 7.1
- This section discusses an increase in IRQ with packet rate. I do not 
believe this is necessarily so. Many Ethernet drivers are able to cope 
with rising packet rates without a corresponding increase in IRQ rate, 
but of course there will still be packet processing overhead as the I-D 
states.

The last two paragraphs appear to focus on IPv4-related issues, This 
would be clearer if the two paragraphs were reversed in their order.

Section 7.2
/The
    described mechanism basically disregards ICMP messages when a
    connection makes progress./
- This seems like the place to introduce PLPMTUD, and to relate 
subsequent sections to this framework.

Section 7.3
/SECTION/ should be /section/

Section 7.3
- This section talks about a proposed counter measure. Is this the same 
one that the I-D is seeking to document, or a different one?

Section 7.3
/simplicity sake/
             ^^^^
- please omit 'sake'

Appendix A, Type 3
- What is a valid action if the host has only sent packets with a DF=0, 
and receives this message - ignore?

Appendix A, final para
- The last paragraph seems a little odd in a working group draft. Does 
this actually reflect the consensus of the working group - can that 
consensus be clarified? - I do not know, see other email (or Chairs may 
comment).

Appendix B
Is the IETF happy with the advice in appendix B? - I have no comment on 
this.

The I-D talks about /intermediate systems/ but I think in this case we 
simply mean internet "routers" - was there a reason for this choice of 
words, or can we use router throughout?



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Subject: Re: [tcpm] Comments on draft-ietf-tcpm-icmp-attacks-04.txt
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Hello, Gorry,

Thanks so much for your thorough and timely review. You'll find my 
comments in-line....


>* It was interesting to read the issues presented in the I-D. The 
>I-D is mainly documentation of algorithms and current practice. If 
>published, this seems like an informational document - I can not 
>determine whether this is needed, and whether the material could 
>already be covered by other documentation.

It is not covered by other documentation. For instance, this 
Internet-Draft is the document that has been referenced in a number 
of vulnerability advisories published on these issues (e.g. by 
CERT/CC and UK NISCC), and has also been referenced by a number of 
vulnerability advisories published by vendors when they addressed these issues.


>* One section of the document (6) describes issues with 
>Source-Quench, however this is not a credible issue - it has long 
>been known that Source-Quench is not of value. I think this section 
>could safely be omitted, reduced or combined with earlier sections 
>to provide more rationale for the main part of the I-D.

I'm not sure what you mean. It may have been known that SQ was not of 
value... yet all implementations were responding to SQ as specified 
by the IETF. And it was in response to this I-D that many 
implementations removed support for SQ (e.g., I did the corresponding 
patch for OpenBSD).



>* The main part of the document is about PMTUD vulnerabilities to 
>ICMP attacks and some deployed countermeasures. In my opinion, this 
>discussion should be set against the framework defined by the IETF 
>standards-track  "Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery", RFC 4821, 
>March 2007. This is not currently mentioned, which I find very 
>confusing. I'd suggest that if the document is to be published as a 
>useful output of the transport area it must compare the non-ICMP 
>methods to those in RFC 4821.

I belive that RFC 4821 does not necessarily obsolete traditional 
PMTUD. They may be orthogonal. That is, as stated in RFC 4821, you 
could implement PLPMTUD just for black-hole detection. I agree that 
additional discussion of PLPMTUD might be included, though.



>* Appendix A concludes with an interpretation of the meaning of 
>several RFCs. If this is the result of an IETF WG consensus call, 
>this needs to be made clear and more effort needs to be made to 
>determine the correct advice. If this is the editor's own view, then 
>it should be omitted from a working group draft.

This text was included in the document even before it was accepted as 
a wg document. (BTW, I do not recall when or why I moved that text 
out of the main body of the doc to an appendix). I don't seem to 
recall people arguing again this particular text. However, I'm open 
to remove this text if the wg feels this is a show-stopper.



>* Finally, I do not see a detailed discussion of ICMP issues in 
>general as the title suggests, but more of a focus on PMTUD attacks. 
>A change to the title and abstract would help attract the right 
>people to read this and better reflect the actual content.

The document discusses ICMP attacks against TCP. There are basically 
three of them: connection.reset (hard errors), throughput reduction 
(Source Quench), and the PMTUD ones. It's not that it focuses on the 
PMTUD ones, but rather that the full counter-measure for the PMTUD 
attack is more complex, so it requires more analysys, test-case 
scenarios, etc. That's it.



>I will separately send some comments on the document itself to the 
>list, but have decided to postpone the final stage of the review 
>until I hear more about the relationship to PLPMTUD, since this may 
>require some reworking of the document. It may be that there has 
>been discussion on this topic before, if so please let me know.

Please let me know if the above answer your questions....

Thanks so much for your review!

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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Hi, Scott,

thanks for the comments.

On 2008-11-24, at 18:40, ext Scott Brim wrote:
>  - Since a UTO can apparently be sent at any time, what happens if a
>    UTO is received that shortens the timeout and there are
>    unacknowledged packets that are already beyond the new timeout
>    value?

Good point. There are basically two choices: Apply the new UTO already  
to the current timeout event, or start using the new UTO for future  
timeout events. I believe that simply starting to use the new value  
immediately is easiest for implementors, but because reaction to UTOs  
is purely a local thing, I'm not sure if the draft should require any  
specific behavior. We can mention the two choices, if folks think that  
would be useful - tell us.

>  - Is it intended that the ENABLED flag applies to both sending and
>    receiving the UTO?  It seems to be, but I want to be sure.  If
>    that is the intention, could you make it clearer?
>
>    It certainly applies to a received UTO:
>
>      "This adaptation only happens if the other end of the connection
>      has explicitly allowed it (both ENABLED and CHANGEABLE are
>      true)."
>
>    but it seems to apply to sending a UTO as well:
>
>      "Before opening a connection, an application that wishes to use
>      the UTO option enables its use by setting ENABLED to true."

Correct, it applies for both sending and receiving. Can we make this  
clearer in the text somehow?

> (2) Editorial:

I applied all of these in my working copy.

Thanks,
Lars
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the TCP Maintenance and Minor Extensions Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : TCP's Reaction to Soft Errors
	Author(s)       : F. Gont
	Filename        : draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-soft-errors-09.txt
	Pages           : 17
	Date            : 2008-11-30

This document describes a non-standard, but widely implemented,
modification to TCP's handling of ICMP soft error messages, that
rejects pending connection-requests when those error messages are
received.  This behavior reduces the likelihood of long delays
between connection establishment attempts that may arise in a number
of scenarios, including one in which dual stack nodes that have IPv6
enabled by default are deployed in IPv4 or mixed IPv4 and IPv6
environments.

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http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-soft-errors-09.txt

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