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This is a test of the new TLS mailing list. Please ignore.



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From tls-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Sep  7 01:50:13 2004
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Thread-Topic: Comments on the TLS 1.1 draft
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From: "John Banes" <jbanes@windows.microsoft.com>
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Subject: [TLS] RE: Comments on the TLS 1.1 draft
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Adding mention of the AES cipher suites to the TLS 1.1 specification
sounds like a good idea to me. I suspect that market forces will
encourage most people implementing TLS 1.1 to add support for some
subset of the AES cipher suites.

This leads me to wonder why the TLS 1.1 specification still lists the
legacy 40-bit and 56-bit cipher suites. I would expect that any
reasonable TLS 1.1 implementation would forsake these
low-encryption-strength cipher suites. About the only reason to support
these that I can think of is for backward compatibility, and if the
client and server manage to negotiate TLS 1.1, then backward
compatibility obviously isn't an issue. If using a 40-bit or 56-bit
cipher suite becomes necessary, then I would expect the TLS
implementation to fall back to TLS 1.0 or even SSL 3.0.

Regards,
John

-----Original Message-----
From: pgut001 [mailto:pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz]=20
Sent: Sunday, September 05, 2004 2:06 AM
To: ietf-tls@lists.certicom.com
Subject: Comments on the TLS 1.1 draft

Given that this is probably my last chance to gripe about things:

Section 6.2.1 says:

  Application data is generally of lower precedence for transmission
than
  other content types and therefore handshake records may be held if
  application data is pending.

Wouldn't application data be of higher precedence if it can pre-empt
handshake
data?

Section 6.3, this is somewhat misleading, the cipher spec that requires
the
most key material isn't 3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA but AES_256_CBC_SHA, even if
it's
defined elsewhere.

(Shouldn't the RFC 3268 suites be folded into the TLS 1.1 spec?  It
seems like
 a good idea to have them all in the same document, at the moment TLS
1.1
 doesn't even hint that there are AES suites, and in particular suites
that
 actually require more keying material than 3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA).

More section 6.3: The mention of IV generation for < TLS 1.1 has been
completely excised, apart from a passing mention elsewhere that explicit
IVs
are new for TLS 1.1.  Shouldn't there be some mention of this somewhere,
either in section 6.3 or in an appendix?  There are various historical
notes
covering older usage (e.g. the lack of a length field in RSA encrypted
data in
SSLv3), but the only way to find out about previous IV usage is to dig
up old
copies of the spec.  Note that this change also applies to the
keying-material
note, since with the additional implicit IV data the size increases
still
further.

Peter.


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From tls-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Sep  7 03:21:05 2004
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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: jbanes@windows.microsoft.com, tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] RE: Comments on the TLS 1.1 draft
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"John Banes" <jbanes@windows.microsoft.com> writes:

>This leads me to wonder why the TLS 1.1 specification still lists the legacy
>40-bit and 56-bit cipher suites. I would expect that any reasonable TLS 1.1
>implementation would forsake these low-encryption-strength cipher suites.

You need to maintain at least one crippled-crypto suite in the handshake as a
canary for older crippled-crypto versions of IIS, which simply drop the
connection (without sending an alert) if they get a hello containing only non-
crippled suites.  If you get the canary back, you know that you're talking to
IIS and can display an appropriate warning to the user.

(It probably isn't worth retaining crippled suites in the spec for this, just
thought I'd mention it as an FYI).

Peter.

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Subject: [TLS] Re: Moving forward on draft-ietf-tls-ecc-*
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Eric Rescorla  wrote:
>I'm not disputing these performance numbers, but I think they
>rather miss the point.
>
>There are really two common scenarios in which SSL/TLS is used:
>(1) PC client (fast client, fast server)
>(2) Handheld client (flow client, fast server)
>[...] the party who benefits from ECC is the server. However, this
>is not a particularly interesting optimization [...]

Well, I don't know.  I'm not so sure about this.  I won't argue with
you about TLS-HTTP (though I'm not convinced that there are no benefits
for TLS-HTTP: if you can do in software what would otherwise require a
hardware accelerator, that might be a benefit).  However, TLS is more
than just a way of securing web traffic, and I think the analysis changes
when you look at applications other than TLS.

When people come to me asking for some way to build a secure channel
for use in their custom application, I like to point them to TLS as
the canonical way to do it (rather than rolling their own scheme).
Many of these custom applications could benefit from something like ECC.
If TLS is intended as a general protocol for transport layer security,
I don't think it is accurate to say that there is no benefit from ECC.
That said, I don't claim to know what the threshold should be for adding
new schemes like ECC to TLS, so I'm not making any strong arguments here.

P.S. I hope this makes it through the anti-spam filtering.

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From: Jostein Tveit <Jostein.Tveit@idi.ntnu.no>
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	Agarwal's message of "Thu, 16 Sep 2004 05:54:02 -0700")
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Subject: [TLS] Re: TLS application data MAC query
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Avinash Agarwal <aagarwal@GoRemote.com> writes:

> The rfc (2246) says at =A7 F.2 "protecting application data"=20
> "Outgoing data is protected with a MAC before transmission. To prevent=20
>    message replay or modification attacks, the MAC is computed from the=
=20
>    MAC secret, the sequence number, the message length, the message=20
>    contents, and two fixed character strings."=20
>
> What are the "two fixed character strings"?=20

That is probably a cut and paste error from the SSL3
standard. SSL3 had a slightly different MAC computation, using
two fixed padding strings. See 5.2.3.1 in the SSL3 spec.

--=20
Jostein Tveit (Jostein.Tveit@idi.ntnu.no)

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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@eecs.berkeley.edu>
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Subject: [TLS] Re: Moving forward on draft-ietf-tls-ecc-*
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Eric Rescorla wrote:

>There are really two common scenarios in which SSL/TLS is used:
>
>(1) PC client (fast client, fast server)
>(2) Handheld client (flow client, fast server)
>
>In either situation, the vast majority of connections involve
>anonymous clients and authenticated servers.  
>
>So, the cost matrix looks like this:
>
>            Client              Server
>-----------------------------------------------
>RSA    |   2 pubkey ops         1 private key op
>ECC    |   ECDSA vfy + ECDH     ECDH
>
>Now, RSA public key ops are MUCH faster (a factor of 2-3 on your
>8-bit platforms) than ECDSA verifies or ECDH operations. 
>This is basically a no-op in the PC client case because the
>client is so fast anyway, but in the Handheld client case,
>it's a big lose for ECC.
>
>Because ECDH is much faster than an RSA private key operation,
>the party who benefits from ECC is the server.

This comparison assumes that you don't care about forward secrecy
(i.e. keeping encrypted application data secret against adversaries
who recover the secret keys corresponding to the server certificate
after the communication has taken place).  Sometimes this might
be adequate, but usually it is just a bad compromise -- a common
scenario indeed, but we shouldn't be too happy about this state of
affairs.  If we consider forward secrecy, the comparison will have to
involve ECDH vs. DH.

The ECC TLS draft also provides for ephemeral ECDH with RSA
certificates because of the advantages of RSA signatures --
faster verification, and wide-spread deployment.


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Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Moving forward on draft-ietf-tls-ecc-*
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
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Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@eecs.berkeley.edu> writes:
> This comparison assumes that you don't care about forward secrecy
> (i.e. keeping encrypted application data secret against adversaries
> who recover the secret keys corresponding to the server certificate
> after the communication has taken place).  Sometimes this might
> be adequate, but usually it is just a bad compromise -- a common
> scenario indeed, but we shouldn't be too happy about this state of
> affairs.  If we consider forward secrecy, the comparison will have to
> involve ECDH vs. DH.

You're right, I don't care much about forward secrecy. And since this
mode has been available with SSL since day one and yet practically
noone seems to avail themselves of it, I assert that the market
doesn't care about it either.

-Ekr

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From tls-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Sep 28 19:17:48 2004
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Subject: [TLS] Straw poll on draft-ietf-ecc-tls-* (Explanation)
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Folks,

We need to decide what to do with draft-ietf-tls-ecc-*.  I am therefore
calling for a straw poll. This message contains the background for the
straw poll. A message which follows contains the straw poll itself.
Please reply to *that message* to register your opinion.

The IPR situation for this draft isn't as clear as one might
like. Clearly, ECC is a patent minefield, and although the authors
assert that that minefield can be skirted, I'm not so sure. That does
not mean that the draft cannot go to Proposed. From RFC 3668:

   In general, IETF working groups prefer technologies with no known IPR
   claims or, for technologies with claims against them, an offer of
   royalty-free licensing.  But IETF working groups have the discretion 
   to adopt technology with a commitment of fair and non-discriminatory
   terms, or even with no licensing commitment, if they feel that this  
   technology is superior enough to alternatives with fewer IPR claims  
   or free licensing to outweigh the potential cost of the licenses.

You can find a bunch of discussion on this topic in the thread
beginning at: http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/msg04301.html.

However, if we decide to advance the document as Informational, we must
also deal with the fact that S 4 defines extensions for curve and point
format negotiation. These are not essential to the protocol, however,
they may be useful. However, RFC 3546 (S 5) requires a Standards Action
to add a new extension. As I see it, this leaves us with three
reasonable options.

A. Advance draft-ietf-tls-ecc-* to Proposed Standard.
B. Advance draft-ietf-tls-ecc-* as Informational and remove
   the extensions.
C. Advance draft-ietf-tls-ecc-* as Informational with the
   extensions. Amend RFC 3456 to allow extensions without
   a Standards Action.

There is a fourth possibility: advance draft-ietf-tls-ecc-*
as Informational but create a separate draft that defines
only the extensions and advance that as Proposed. I think
this is a terrible idea from a WG perspective so I'm not
proposing it.

In the next message, I will call for a Straw Poll on this
topic. Please reply to *that message*, not this one.

-Ekr








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From tls-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Sep 28 19:24:49 2004
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Subject: [TLS] Straw poll on draft-ietf-tls-ecc-*
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This is a Straw Poll in the fate of draft-ietf-tls-ecc-*.

Please register your support for one of the following three
options, explained in a previous message.

A. Advance draft-ietf-tls-ecc-* to Proposed Standard.
B. Advance draft-ietf-tls-ecc-* as Informational and remove
   the extensions.
C. Advance draft-ietf-tls-ecc-* as Informational with the
   extensions. Amend RFC 3456 to allow extensions without
   a Standards Action.

This Straw Poll will run for the next week (through Tuesday
October 5th.) Please register your opinion by then, either
to me or to the list.

-Ekr




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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on draft-ietf-tls-ecc-*
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Eric Rescorla wrote:

> This is a Straw Poll in the fate of draft-ietf-tls-ecc-*.
[...]
> This Straw Poll will run for the next week (through Tuesday
> October 5th.) Please register your opinion by then, either
> to me or to the list.

I vote for option A ("Advance draft-ietf-tls-ecc-* to Proposed
Standard").

My reasons include:

* IPR:

   I don't buy the claim "Clearly, ECC is a patent minefield"
   made in <20040928230824.D41B1717F@sierra.rtfm.com>
   (http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/msg04342.html).

   I am, of course, well aware of the wide-spread *perception*
   that ECC was a patent minefield.  But clearly, there is a lot of
   prior art preceding any known ECC patents; I cited some of it in
   <4133DE21.7060306@eecs.berkeley.edu>
   (http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/msg04309.html).
   There are actually no more patent issues to worry about for elliptic
   curves with ECDH or ECDSA than for conventional DH and DSA,
   unless you are specifically using certain new patented techniques
   (which often involve special classes of curves that you wouldn't
   normally run into unless you are determined to).


   Some think that the S/MIME ECC RFC 3278, "Use of Elliptic Curve
   Cryptography (ECC) Algorithms in Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)"
   (April 2002), which is Informational, sets an example that the TLS ECC
   RFC should follow.  But actually RFC 3278 uses the MQV protocol which
   is clearly patented, whether with or without elliptic curves;
   so I acknowledge that there was a good reason to make RFC 3278
   Informational for IPR reasons.  This reason does not affect the
   current TLS ECC draft: draft-ietf-tls-ecc-06.txt does not use
   MQV (early revisions did, but the specification has since been
   changed so that it avoids this patent-encumbered technique).


   There's one thing specified in draft-ietf-tls-ecc-06.txt that
   requires a patented technique: The draft specifies the use
   of point compression, as a "MAY".  Uncompressed points are the
   default and a "MUST" (TLS extensions are used to negotiate
   whether point compression is permissible, so support of point
   compression cannot affect interoperability, just efficiency).
   Point compression is affected by patents just in the case of curves
   over characteristic-2 fields; there's no problem for prime fields.


* Technical:

   One of the advantages of elliptic curve cryptography is that
   its expected security is better than that of RSA or conventional DH.
   This is a somewhat fuzzy statement; more precisely, we know that
   attacks against RSA and DH have subexponential complexity, while
   attacking ECC requires exponential time (around 2^k steps for
   ECC over (2k)-bit fields).  If 1024-bit RSA remains secure in
   practice, this is not much to worry about; but we cannot be sure
   of this (for example, Dan Bernstein is working on efficient
   factorization circuits, see http://cr.yp.to/talks/2004myths2.pdf
   and elsewhere; he is going to announce results in February 2005
   at the SHARCS conference).  Increasing keylengths to improve
   security has a more noticeable effect on performance for RSA and
   DH than for ECC (with its exponential complexity of known
   attacks).

   Currently (i.e. in the light of just those attacks that are already
   known to be practical), there's a performance argument in favor of ECC
   in particular if you want forward secrecy: To create symmetric keys
   that cannot be recovered by someone who obtains a warrant or just
   breaks in without asking anyone first to obtain your long-time server
   key, TLS can  used either Diffie-Hellman (with the ciphersuites
   specified in RFC 2246 and the rfc2246-bis draft) or elliptic curve
   Diffie-Hellman (ECDH, with the ciphersuites specified in the the TLS
   ECC draft).  Depending on the nature of the content that you are
   protecting with TLS, forward secrecy may not matter; in particular, it
   is a waste of time if you are using TLS mainly for authentication and
   don't worry about the possibility that someone might be able to
   decrypt the TLS sessions after the fact.  But when forward secrecy is
   desired, having ECDH available certainly is a plus.

   And of course, there's the potential possibility that RSA might turn
   out to be insecure when new attacks are discovered.  In this case
   it is good to have an alternative ready to switch to.  I am too
   optimistic to really worry about this, so I am mostly listing this
   additional argument for completeness.


It should be noted that ECC support for TLS has been available in open
source software implementations for a while (since 2002): both
mozilla.org and OpenSSL have it in appropriate revisions.  So when
we are discussing the TLS ECC draft, we are not talking about vaporware
or about a specification that would only be used by rare commercial
products.  This is something that would be available for everyone to
use without much of a hassle.  (You just wouldn't get point compression
for characteristic-2 fields unless you license the appropriate patent,
but that's a small loss.)




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Eric Rescorla wrote on 09/28/2004 09:41:54 AM:

> Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@eecs.berkeley.edu> writes:
> > This comparison assumes that you don't care about forward secrecy
> > (i.e. keeping encrypted application data secret against adversaries
> > who recover the secret keys corresponding to the server certificate
> > after the communication has taken place).  Sometimes this might
> > be adequate, but usually it is just a bad compromise -- a common
> > scenario indeed, but we shouldn't be too happy about this state of
> > affairs.  If we consider forward secrecy, the comparison will have to
> > involve ECDH vs. DH.
> 
> You're right, I don't care much about forward secrecy. And since this
> mode has been available with SSL since day one and yet practically
> no one seems to avail themselves of it, I assert that the market
> doesn't care about it either.

Yesterday, NIST released the first public draft of Special Publication 
800-52, Guidelines on the Selection and Use of Transport Layer Security. 
This draft recommends using the *_DHE_* ciphersuites because they provide 
forward secrecy.  The market of the US Federal Government agencies may 
soon care about forward secrecy.  Here's the announcement:

NIST is pleased to announce the first public draft of Special Publication 
800-52, Guidelines on the Selection and Use of Transport Layer Security. 
This document is a guideline for implementing
Transport Layer Security in the Federal Government to protect sensitive 
information. Care must be taken when selecting cryptographic mechanisms 
for authentication, confidentiality, and message integrity, as some 
choices are non-compliant with Government standards, or may pose
security risks. The comment period for this document will be 30 days, 
ending on November 1st, 2004. Please direct all comments and questions to 
Matthew J. Fanto at matthew.fanto@nist.gov.

URL for the Drafts page on CSRC is:
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts.html

        Dan
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<br><font size=2><tt>Eric Rescorla wrote on 09/28/2004 09:41:54 AM:<br>
<br>
&gt; Bodo Moeller &lt;bmoeller@eecs.berkeley.edu&gt; writes:<br>
&gt; &gt; This comparison assumes that you don't care about forward secrecy<br>
&gt; &gt; (i.e. keeping encrypted application data secret against adversaries<br>
&gt; &gt; who recover the secret keys corresponding to the server certificate<br>
&gt; &gt; after the communication has taken place). &nbsp;Sometimes this
might<br>
&gt; &gt; be adequate, but usually it is just a bad compromise -- a common<br>
&gt; &gt; scenario indeed, but we shouldn't be too happy about this state
of<br>
&gt; &gt; affairs. &nbsp;If we consider forward secrecy, the comparison
will have to<br>
&gt; &gt; involve ECDH vs. DH.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; You're right, I don't care much about forward secrecy. And since this<br>
&gt; mode has been available with SSL since day one and yet practically<br>
&gt; no one seems to avail themselves of it, I assert that the market<br>
&gt; doesn't care about it either.<br>
</tt></font>
<br><font size=2><tt>Yesterday, NIST released the first public draft of
Special Publication 800-52, Guidelines on the Selection and Use of Transport
Layer Security. &nbsp;This draft recommends using the *_DHE_* ciphersuites
because they provide forward secrecy. &nbsp;The market of the US Federal
Government agencies may soon care about forward secrecy. &nbsp;Here's the
announcement:</tt></font>
<br>
<br><font size=2><tt>NIST is pleased to announce the first public draft
of Special Publication 800-52, Guidelines on the Selection and Use of Transport
Layer Security. This document is a guideline for implementing</tt></font>
<br><font size=2><tt>Transport Layer Security in the Federal Government
to protect sensitive information. Care must be taken when selecting cryptographic
mechanisms for authentication, confidentiality, and message integrity,
as some choices are non-compliant with Government standards, or may pose</tt></font>
<br><font size=2><tt>security risks. The comment period for this document
will be 30 days, ending on November 1st, 2004. Please direct all comments
and questions to Matthew J. Fanto at matthew.fanto@nist.gov.</tt></font>
<br>
<br><font size=2><tt>URL for the Drafts page on CSRC is:</tt></font>
<br><font size=2><tt>http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts.html</tt></font>
<br>
<br><font size=2><tt>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Dan</tt></font>
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Date: Wed, 29 Sep 2004 22:06:25 -0700
From: Vipul Gupta <Vipul.Gupta@Sun.COM>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on draft-ietf-tls-ecc-*
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I, too,  vote for option A (advance to proposed standard).

vipul

On Sep 29, 2004, at 6:56 PM, Bodo Moeller wrote:

> Eric Rescorla wrote:
>
>> This is a Straw Poll in the fate of draft-ietf-tls-ecc-*.
> [...]
>> This Straw Poll will run for the next week (through Tuesday
>> October 5th.) Please register your opinion by then, either
>> to me or to the list.
>
> I vote for option A ("Advance draft-ietf-tls-ecc-* to Proposed
> Standard").
>
> My reasons include:
>
> * IPR:
>
>   I don't buy the claim "Clearly, ECC is a patent minefield"
>   made in <20040928230824.D41B1717F@sierra.rtfm.com>
>   (http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/msg04342.html).
>
>   I am, of course, well aware of the wide-spread *perception*
>   that ECC was a patent minefield.  But clearly, there is a lot of
>   prior art preceding any known ECC patents; I cited some of it in
>   <4133DE21.7060306@eecs.berkeley.edu>
>   (http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/msg04309.html).
>   There are actually no more patent issues to worry about for elliptic
>   curves with ECDH or ECDSA than for conventional DH and DSA,
>   unless you are specifically using certain new patented techniques
>   (which often involve special classes of curves that you wouldn't
>   normally run into unless you are determined to).
>
>
>   Some think that the S/MIME ECC RFC 3278, "Use of Elliptic Curve
>   Cryptography (ECC) Algorithms in Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)"
>   (April 2002), which is Informational, sets an example that the TLS 
> ECC
>   RFC should follow.  But actually RFC 3278 uses the MQV protocol which
>   is clearly patented, whether with or without elliptic curves;
>   so I acknowledge that there was a good reason to make RFC 3278
>   Informational for IPR reasons.  This reason does not affect the
>   current TLS ECC draft: draft-ietf-tls-ecc-06.txt does not use
>   MQV (early revisions did, but the specification has since been
>   changed so that it avoids this patent-encumbered technique).
>
>
>   There's one thing specified in draft-ietf-tls-ecc-06.txt that
>   requires a patented technique: The draft specifies the use
>   of point compression, as a "MAY".  Uncompressed points are the
>   default and a "MUST" (TLS extensions are used to negotiate
>   whether point compression is permissible, so support of point
>   compression cannot affect interoperability, just efficiency).
>   Point compression is affected by patents just in the case of curves
>   over characteristic-2 fields; there's no problem for prime fields.
>
>
> * Technical:
>
>   One of the advantages of elliptic curve cryptography is that
>   its expected security is better than that of RSA or conventional DH.
>   This is a somewhat fuzzy statement; more precisely, we know that
>   attacks against RSA and DH have subexponential complexity, while
>   attacking ECC requires exponential time (around 2^k steps for
>   ECC over (2k)-bit fields).  If 1024-bit RSA remains secure in
>   practice, this is not much to worry about; but we cannot be sure
>   of this (for example, Dan Bernstein is working on efficient
>   factorization circuits, see http://cr.yp.to/talks/2004myths2.pdf
>   and elsewhere; he is going to announce results in February 2005
>   at the SHARCS conference).  Increasing keylengths to improve
>   security has a more noticeable effect on performance for RSA and
>   DH than for ECC (with its exponential complexity of known
>   attacks).
>
>   Currently (i.e. in the light of just those attacks that are already
>   known to be practical), there's a performance argument in favor of 
> ECC
>   in particular if you want forward secrecy: To create symmetric keys
>   that cannot be recovered by someone who obtains a warrant or just
>   breaks in without asking anyone first to obtain your long-time server
>   key, TLS can  used either Diffie-Hellman (with the ciphersuites
>   specified in RFC 2246 and the rfc2246-bis draft) or elliptic curve
>   Diffie-Hellman (ECDH, with the ciphersuites specified in the the TLS
>   ECC draft).  Depending on the nature of the content that you are
>   protecting with TLS, forward secrecy may not matter; in particular, 
> it
>   is a waste of time if you are using TLS mainly for authentication and
>   don't worry about the possibility that someone might be able to
>   decrypt the TLS sessions after the fact.  But when forward secrecy is
>   desired, having ECDH available certainly is a plus.
>
>   And of course, there's the potential possibility that RSA might turn
>   out to be insecure when new attacks are discovered.  In this case
>   it is good to have an alternative ready to switch to.  I am too
>   optimistic to really worry about this, so I am mostly listing this
>   additional argument for completeness.
>
>
> It should be noted that ECC support for TLS has been available in open
> source software implementations for a while (since 2002): both
> mozilla.org and OpenSSL have it in appropriate revisions.  So when
> we are discussing the TLS ECC draft, we are not talking about vaporware
> or about a specification that would only be used by rare commercial
> products.  This is something that would be available for everyone to
> use without much of a hassle.  (You just wouldn't get point compression
> for characteristic-2 fields unless you license the appropriate patent,
> but that's a small loss.)
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
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