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Date: Tue, 02 Nov 2004 16:36:18 -0800
From: Vipul Gupta <Vipul.Gupta@Sun.COM>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Next steps for draft-ietf-tls-ecc-XX.txt
In-reply-to: <200410270758.20372.nmav@gnutls.org>
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Hi Eric,

I agree with Nikos that

   - Removing the extensions in the ECC in TLS draft may harm
     interoperability (especially with constrained devices), and

   - There doesn't appear to be an important reason for dropping them
     except for the wording in RFC 3546.

In fact, at least one of the authors of that draft didn't realize that
the sentence would preclude Informational/Experimental
RFCs from defining new TLS extensions. So I'd also favor changing
the wording in RFC 3546.

Who needs to approve such a change and if they do would you want
us to remove the extensions in the ECC draft until the change is made
or could it proceed to last call in parallel with the change to RFC 
3546?

thanks,

vipul

On Oct 26, 2004, at 10:58 PM, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos wrote:

> On Saturday 23 October 2004 07:40, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>
> (in my previous posting I used a different e-mail address and
>  it did not appear, so I resend it)
>
>> The results are below:
>> A (Proposed Standard):               12
>> B (Informational w/o extensions):    7 (including both chairs)
>> C (Informational w/ extensions):     1
>
>> Win and I have consulted with the ADs and we believe that this does 
>> not
>> represent a WG consensus to progress the document at Proposed
>> Standard. Accordingly, we will be progressing the document at
>> Informational.
>
> I don't really find it usefull to have this as an informational RFC 
> without
> the extensions. Especially the removal of "the Supported Elliptic 
> Curves"
> extension may harm interoperation.
>
> Other than that, by not allowing this informational rfc to define 
> extensions,
> this will prohibit any other proposed additions to TLS, that do not 
> end up as
> proposed standard, from using TLS extensions. For example the SRP 
> draft and
> the openpgp-keys, if end up as informational, they will be completely
> useless. They heavily depend on the TLS extensions.
>
> Given that there is no important reason for removing them except for 
> the
> wording of the extensions rfc, I'd suggest to change the wording 
> instead.
>
>
>
> PS. I disagree with the choice of the extension numbers in the ecc 
> draft
> though, since they overlap with other extensions in the above drafts.
>
> -- 
> Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


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Vipul Gupta <Vipul.Gupta@Sun.COM> writes:
> I agree with Nikos that
>
>    - Removing the extensions in the ECC in TLS draft may harm
>      interoperability (especially with constrained devices), and
>
>    - There doesn't appear to be an important reason for dropping them
>      except for the wording in RFC 3546.
>
> In fact, at least one of the authors of that draft didn't realize that
> the sentence would preclude Informational/Experimental
> RFCs from defining new TLS extensions. So I'd also favor changing
> the wording in RFC 3546.
>
> Who needs to approve such a change and if they do would you want
> us to remove the extensions in the ECC draft until the change is made
> or could it proceed to last call in parallel with the change to RFC
> 3546?

You'd need to create a new document to revise 3546 and get WG
consensus behind it. The documents should proceed in parallel.

WG members:
I'd like to get opinions on this proposed change to RFC 3546.

-Ekr


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Hi everyone,

Here's a summary of the comments received during WGLC (thanks
especially to Nikos and Peter for going through the document
quite thoroughly!), together with my proposals on how to=20
address them.

I hope to update the document soon after IETF61, so I'd
appreciate comments (even saying that the proposals are
acceptable to you, so we'll know if we have rough consensus=20
on this) during the next week or so...

Technical issues:

1. Removing RC4-based ciphersuites?

   Peter Gutmann asked whether the RC4 ciphersuites are
   necessary.  Pasi commented that practically all TLS
   implementations have RC4 anyway, and in some implementations
   RC4 is considerably faster.

   My proposal: No harm in including them, so keep them in.

2. Removing RSA_PSK ciphersuites

   Nikos asked if the RSA_PSK ciphersuites are actually needed
   for anything, but at least Peter thought they would be quite
   useful.

   My proposal: keep them.

3. Adding other combinations like DHE_RSA_PSK and DHE_DSS_PSK

   Nikos also asked by other combinations, like DHE_RSA_PSK or
   DHE_DSS_PSK (or even DH_DSS_PSK, DH_RSA_PSK, ECDH_ECDSA_PSK,
   ECDHE_ECDSA_PSK, ECDH_RSA_PSK, ECDHE_RSA_PSK, and ECDHE_PSK)
   were not included. At least Pasi and Eric thought that there
   is no real need for them, and if a need arises, they can be
   defined in a separate document later (and we should avoid
   unnecessary number space explosion).

   My proposal: Do not include other combinations at this time.
   This does not, of course, prevent us from defining them in a
   separate document later.

4. Empty identity hint

   Currently the draft says that the identity hint can be an
   empty string, but the ServerKeyExchange message is always
   sent even in that case. Peter asked if it would be better to
   omit the whole message in this case. Pasi thought sending the
   message anyway might be simpler, but there's no big
   difference either way.

   My proposal: Keep it as it is (that is, no special case for
   zero-length identity hint).

5. MD5/SHA1 PRF stuff

   Currently the premaster secret for plain PSK ciphersuites is
   "0 || PSK", meaning that only zeroes are fed to the MD5 part
   of the PRF.

   Peter Gutmann commented that "Argh, no, this is just wrong!
   Even if using half the PRF is considered secure, it's just
   bad engineering practice to take a security mechanism with
   fail-safe redundancy built in and throw away the redundancy
   (this was exactly what my draft initially did, and it was
   flagged as a flaw by people commenting on it).  The MD5
   calculation is being performed anyway, so you're not saving
   anything by doing this.  The calculation should use both
   parts of the PRF, to match its usage everywhere else in TLS."

   Hugo Krawczyk commented that from "From a purely analytical
   point of view using 0||PSK is better than PSK||PSK (as
   explained in my January's message referenced below).
   Heuristically, your guess is as good as mine."

   Dan Simon replied that "I believe I'm the guy who originally
   suggested the current parallel construction of the PRF.  At
   the time, I explicitly stated that the whole business of
   using two fixed hash functions (instead of a single function
   specified in the ciphersuite) was a stupid idea, and that I
   was only proposing the parallel construction because certain
   people were absolutely dead-set on the idea of using both MD5
   and SHA1 in the PRF.  So naturally I'm all in favor of Hugo's
   proposal."

   My interpretation of these comments is that none of the
   proposed alternatives has any real vulnerabilities (so
   choosing any of them would work just fine in practice), and
   the difference is mainly which design principle is considered
   more important (keeping the fail-safe redundancy or
   analytical "elegance").

   I have no strong opinions either way here, but my proposal
   would be to keep it as "0||PSK" as suggested by Hugo and Dan.

6. DHE premaster secret=20

   Currently the premaster secret is the DH value and PSK
   concatenated. Peter suggested that it might be better to
   include some length field to remove the possibility for key
   equivalents.

   I tend to agree here, and I propose changing this:
  =20
      "The premaster secret is formed as follows: concatenate the
      value produced by the Diffie-Hellman exchange (with
      leading zero bytes stripped as in other Diffie-Hellman
      based ciphersuites) and the PSK, in this order."

   To this:

      "The premaster secret is formed as follows. Let Z be the
      value produced by the Diffie-Hellman exchange (with
      leading zero bytes stripped as in other Diffie-Hellman
      based ciphersuites). Concatenate an uint16 containing the
      length of Z (in octets), Z itself, and the PSK, in this
      order."

7. Identity format

   Nikos commented that the draft should be more specific about
   what the identity field contains to improve chances for
   interoperability, and suggested using UTF-8.  Pasi agreed
   that it's important to avoid the situations where both ends
   are using e.g. Distinguished Names, but encode them in a
   different way, or an implementation does not allow an
   administrator to enter the identifier the other end is
   expecting.=20

   My proposal (from http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/
   msg04374.html): Change this

      "This document does not specify the format of the PSK
      identity or PSK identity hint; neither is specified how
      exactly the client uses the hint (if it uses it at all).
      The parties have to agree on the identities when the
      shared secret is configured (however, see Section 6 for
      related security considerations).  In situations where the
      identity is entered by a person, it is RECOMMENDED that
      the input is processed using an appropriate stringprep [9]
      profile and encoded in octets using UTF-8 encoding [14].
      One possible stringprep profile is described in [8]."

   To this:

      "It is expected that different types of identities are
      useful for different applications running over TLS. This
      document does not therefore mandate the use of any
      particular type of identity (such as IPv4 address or FQDN)
      or identity hint; neither is specified how exactly the
      client uses the hint (if it uses it at all).

      To increase the chances for succesful interoperation
      between applications that do agree on what type of
      identity is used, the identity MUST be first converted to
      a character string, and then encoded to octets using UTF-8
      [UTF8]. For instance,

      o  IPv4 addresses are sent as dotted-decimal strings
         (e.g., "192.0.1.2"), not as 32-bit integers in=20
         network byte order.

      o  Domain names are sent in their usual text form (e.g.,
         "www.example.com" or "embedded\.dot.example.net"),
         not in DNS protocol wire format.

      o  X.500 Distinguished Names are sent in their string
         representation [draft-ietf-ldapbis-dn-14], not as
         BER-encoded ASN.1.

      In situations where the identity is entered by a person,
      processing the character string with an appropriate
      stringprep [9] profile is RECOMMENDED."
  =20
8. Ciphersuite and other numbers are TBD

   Nikos and Peter commented that we can't have any
   implementations before we assign the required numbers. =20
   Eric suggested that numbers should be picked after WGLC, =20
   being very careful to avoid collisions.

   My proposal (from http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/
   msg04373.html): Use ciphersuite numbers starting from 0x8A=20
   and alert number 115.

Editorial comments:

9. Ciphersuite names

   Nikos commented about the ciphersuite names, but I think the
   conclusion of the discussion was that they are reasonably in
   line with other TLS ciphersuites. Thus, I propose keeping the
   current names.

10. Wording about "Dictionary attacks"

   Nikos commented that "I don't think that here "dictionary
   attacks" is appropriate. PSK is not supposed to be a password
   based authentication (as also stated in section 1.1), so
   dictionary attacks do not apply."

   Pasi replied that in some cases, PSKs might be selected by
   humans (instead of generated randomly), and the term
   "dictionary attack" could be used without being too
   inaccurate.

   My proposal is to change this:

      "Use of a fixed shared secret of limited entropy (such as
      a password) may allow an attacker to perform a brute-force
      or dictionary attack to recover the secret. (...) "

   To this:

      "Use of a fixed shared secret of limited entropy (for
      example, a PSK that is relatively short, or was chosen by
      a human and thus may contain less entropy than its length
      would imply) may allow an attacker to perform a
      brute-force or dictionary attack to recover the
      secret. (...)"

11. Possible ambiguity in RSA_PSK premaster description

   I got an off-list question about the RSA_PSK ciphersuites:
   does the client RSA-encrypt only the 48-byte random value, or
   also the PSK? It's only the 48-byte random value, of course,
   but perhaps the text could be reworded a bit.

   My proposal is to change this:

      "The premaster secret is formed as follows: concatenate
      the 48-byte value generated by the client (and sent to the
      server in ClientKeyExchange message) and the PSK, in this
      order."
=20
   To this:
     =20
      "The EncryptedPreMasterSecret field sent from the client
      to the server contains a 2-byte version number and a
      46-byte random value, encrypted using the server's RSA
      public key as described in Section 7.4.7.1 of [3]. The
      actual premaster secret is formed by both parties as
      follows: concatenate the 2-byte version number, the
      46-byte random value, and the PSK, in this order."
     =20
Best regards,
Pasi

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Subject: RE: [TLS] Next steps for draft-ietf-tls-ecc-XX.txt
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Eric Rescorla wrote:=20
>=20
> WG members:
> I'd like to get opinions on this proposed change to RFC 3546.

I think there are good security and interoperability reasons to=20
avoid proliferation of TLS extensions, so I am opposed to changing=20
the policy to "First Come First Served" or anything similar.

However, if the document has been thoroughly reviewed and there=20
is rough consensus on it (which seems to be the case with ECC),=20
I don't think being an Informational RFC should prevent it from=20
defining extensions. So something like "IETF Consensus" policy=20
would IMHO be appropriate.

Best regards,
Pasi

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Date: Thu, 04 Nov 2004 16:38:42 -0800
From: Vipul Gupta <Vipul.Gupta@Sun.COM>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Next steps for draft-ietf-tls-ecc-XX.txt
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Setting aside a range of ExtensionTypes for private/experimental
use in closed environments would also help address Pasi's
concerns and avoid proliferation of TLS extensions.

This, again, is a fairly small change to RFC 3546.

vipul

Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> Eric Rescorla wrote: 
> 
>>WG members:
>>I'd like to get opinions on this proposed change to RFC 3546.
> 
> 
> I think there are good security and interoperability reasons to 
> avoid proliferation of TLS extensions, so I am opposed to changing 
> the policy to "First Come First Served" or anything similar.
> 
> However, if the document has been thoroughly reviewed and there 
> is rough consensus on it (which seems to be the case with ECC), 
> I don't think being an Informational RFC should prevent it from 
> defining extensions. So something like "IETF Consensus" policy 
> would IMHO be appropriate.
> 
> Best regards,
> Pasi
> 
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


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Date: Sat, 6 Nov 2004 15:30:25 +0100 (W. Europe Standard Time)
From: Magnus Nystrom <magnus@rsasecurity.com>
To: tls@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [TLS] Next steps for draft-ietf-tls-ecc-XX.txt
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I tend to agree with Pasi's view here. I cannot speak for any of my
co-authors but at least it was not my intent that the wording in 3546
would stop well-reviewed I-Ds with WG consensus from defining extensions.

Looking at this again, it seems to me that the creation of an IANA
registry for the extensions, with the requirements of "IETF Consensus" and
"Specification Required", as defined in BCP 26, before assignments are
made, would make sense.

-- Magnus

On Thu, 4 Nov 2004 Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

> Eric Rescorla wrote:
> >
> > WG members:
> > I'd like to get opinions on this proposed change to RFC 3546.
>
> I think there are good security and interoperability reasons to
> avoid proliferation of TLS extensions, so I am opposed to changing
> the policy to "First Come First Served" or anything similar.
>
> However, if the document has been thoroughly reviewed and there
> is rough consensus on it (which seems to be the case with ECC),
> I don't think being an Informational RFC should prevent it from
> defining extensions. So something like "IETF Consensus" policy
> would IMHO be appropriate.
>
> Best regards,
> Pasi
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>

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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com, tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] TLS-PSK WGLC comments
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:

>Currently the premaster secret is the DH value and PSK concatenated. Peter
>suggested that it might be better to include some length field to remove the
>possibility for key equivalents.

What I was really hoping for was a general-purpose:

  opaque premaster<0..2^16-1>;
  opaque psk<0..2^16-1>;

(in my original post I said 'dhValue' rather than 'premaster', which was a bit
misleading).  What I was proposing was a general-purpose mechanism that works
for all algorithm types (straight shared-key, PSK with RSA, PSK with DH, PSK
with quantum tunnelling of key bits...), rather than a special-case one only
for DH.  This is both consistent (it works the same for all algorithms rather
than having special-case handling for different ones, which makes
implementation a lot easier) and capable of handling future algorithm choices
that may require this.

Peter.

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Subject: RE: [TLS] TLS-PSK WGLC comments
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 2004 13:19:25 +0200
Message-ID: <125EA890549C8641A72F3809CB80DCCD16FDB8@esebe056.ntc.nokia.com>
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Peter Gutmann wrote:
> Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
>=20
>> Currently the premaster secret is the DH value and PSK=20
>> concatenated. Peter suggested that it might be better to=20
>> include some length field to remove the possibility for=20
>> key equivalents.
>=20
> What I was really hoping for was a general-purpose:
>=20
>   opaque premaster<0..2^16-1>;
>   opaque psk<0..2^16-1>;
>=20
> (in my original post I said 'dhValue' rather than 'premaster',
> which was a bit misleading).  What I was proposing was a
> general-purpose mechanism that works for all algorithm types
> (straight shared-key, PSK with RSA, PSK with DH, PSK with
> quantum tunnelling of key bits...), rather than a special-case
> one only for DH.  This is both consistent (it works the same
> for all algorithms rather than having special-case handling
> for different ones, which makes implementation a lot easier)
> and capable of handling future algorithm choices that may
> require this.

I'm not sure if we should call it a "general-purpose" mechanism,
but I don't have any problem doing it the same way for all the
ciphersuites in this document.

Would something like this be better than the current text?

Section 2 (plain PSK case):
 =20
   The premaster secret is formed as follows: if the PSK is N
   octets long, concatenate an uint16 with the value N, N zero
   octets, a second uint16 with the value N, and the PSK itself.

      Note 1: All the ciphersuites in this document share the
      same general structure for the premaster secret, namely
      "opaque other_secret<0..2^16-1>; opaque psk<0..2^16-1>;".
      Here "other_secret" is either zeroes (plain PSK case), or
      comes from the Diffie-Hellman or RSA exchange (DHE_PSK and
      RSA_PSK, respectively). See Sections 3 and 4 for a more
      detailed description.

      Note 2: Using zeroes for "other_secret" effectively means
      that only the HMAC-SHA1 part (but not the HMAC-MD5 part)
      of the TLS PRF is used when constructing the master
      secret. See [7] for a more detailed rationale.

Section 3 (DHE_PSK case)

   The premaster secret is formed as follows. Let Z be the value
   produced by the Diffie-Hellman exchange (with leading zero
   bytes stripped as in other Diffie-Hellman based ciphersuites). =20
   Concatenate an uint16 containing the length of Z (in octets),
   Z itself, an uint16 containing the lengh of the PSK (in
   octets), and the PSK itself.

Section 4 (RSA_PSK case)

   The EncryptedPreMasterSecret field sent from the client to
   the server contains a 2-byte version number and a 46-byte
   random value, encrypted using the server's RSA public key as
   described in Section 7.4.7.1 of [3]. The actual premaster
   secret is formed by both parties as follows: concatenate an
   uint16 with the value 48, the 2-byte version number and the
   46-byte random value, an uint16 containing the length of the
   PSK (in octets), and the PSK itself.

(Comments from everyone else are also appreciated!)

Best regards,
Pasi


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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com, pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz, tls@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [TLS] TLS-PSK WGLC comments
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<Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> writes:

>Would something like this be better than the current text?

Yup, that looks fine.

Peter.

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Hi list,

IMHO, the draft is well commented and it is actually more clarified. 
Public and private comments were token into account by the authors. Big 
thanks for your comments to the draft and special thanks to Pasi :)

Best regards,
-Bdr

Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

>Peter Gutmann wrote:
>  
>
>>Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
>>
>>    
>>
>>>Currently the premaster secret is the DH value and PSK 
>>>concatenated. Peter suggested that it might be better to 
>>>include some length field to remove the possibility for 
>>>key equivalents.
>>>      
>>>
>>What I was really hoping for was a general-purpose:
>>    
>>



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On Monday 15 November 2004 12:19, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

> (Comments from everyone else are also appreciated!)
No more comments from me. The current draft is ok with me.


> Best regards,
> Pasi

-- 
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos

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From: Tschofenig Hannes <hannes.tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com, tls@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [TLS] TLS-PSK WGLC comments
Date: Tue, 16 Nov 2004 14:51:48 +0100
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hi pasi, 

thanks for summarizing all issues raised during wglc. the proposed
resolution for each of them is fine with me. thanks for the great work!

ciao
hannes
 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com [mailto:Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com] 
> Sent: Donnerstag, 04. November 2004 17:11
> To: tls@ietf.org
> Subject: [TLS] TLS-PSK WGLC comments
> 
> 
> Hi everyone,
> 
> Here's a summary of the comments received during WGLC (thanks 
> especially to Nikos and Peter for going through the document 
> quite thoroughly!), together with my proposals on how to address them.
> 
> I hope to update the document soon after IETF61, so I'd 
> appreciate comments (even saying that the proposals are 
> acceptable to you, so we'll know if we have rough consensus 
> on this) during the next week or so...
> 
> Technical issues:
> 
> 1. Removing RC4-based ciphersuites?
> 
>    Peter Gutmann asked whether the RC4 ciphersuites are
>    necessary.  Pasi commented that practically all TLS
>    implementations have RC4 anyway, and in some implementations
>    RC4 is considerably faster.
> 
>    My proposal: No harm in including them, so keep them in.
> 
> 2. Removing RSA_PSK ciphersuites
> 
>    Nikos asked if the RSA_PSK ciphersuites are actually needed
>    for anything, but at least Peter thought they would be quite
>    useful.
> 
>    My proposal: keep them.
> 
> 3. Adding other combinations like DHE_RSA_PSK and DHE_DSS_PSK
> 
>    Nikos also asked by other combinations, like DHE_RSA_PSK or
>    DHE_DSS_PSK (or even DH_DSS_PSK, DH_RSA_PSK, ECDH_ECDSA_PSK,
>    ECDHE_ECDSA_PSK, ECDH_RSA_PSK, ECDHE_RSA_PSK, and ECDHE_PSK)
>    were not included. At least Pasi and Eric thought that there
>    is no real need for them, and if a need arises, they can be
>    defined in a separate document later (and we should avoid
>    unnecessary number space explosion).
> 
>    My proposal: Do not include other combinations at this time.
>    This does not, of course, prevent us from defining them in a
>    separate document later.
> 
> 4. Empty identity hint
> 
>    Currently the draft says that the identity hint can be an
>    empty string, but the ServerKeyExchange message is always
>    sent even in that case. Peter asked if it would be better to
>    omit the whole message in this case. Pasi thought sending the
>    message anyway might be simpler, but there's no big
>    difference either way.
> 
>    My proposal: Keep it as it is (that is, no special case for
>    zero-length identity hint).
> 
> 5. MD5/SHA1 PRF stuff
> 
>    Currently the premaster secret for plain PSK ciphersuites is
>    "0 || PSK", meaning that only zeroes are fed to the MD5 part
>    of the PRF.
> 
>    Peter Gutmann commented that "Argh, no, this is just wrong!
>    Even if using half the PRF is considered secure, it's just
>    bad engineering practice to take a security mechanism with
>    fail-safe redundancy built in and throw away the redundancy
>    (this was exactly what my draft initially did, and it was
>    flagged as a flaw by people commenting on it).  The MD5
>    calculation is being performed anyway, so you're not saving
>    anything by doing this.  The calculation should use both
>    parts of the PRF, to match its usage everywhere else in TLS."
> 
>    Hugo Krawczyk commented that from "From a purely analytical
>    point of view using 0||PSK is better than PSK||PSK (as
>    explained in my January's message referenced below).
>    Heuristically, your guess is as good as mine."
> 
>    Dan Simon replied that "I believe I'm the guy who originally
>    suggested the current parallel construction of the PRF.  At
>    the time, I explicitly stated that the whole business of
>    using two fixed hash functions (instead of a single function
>    specified in the ciphersuite) was a stupid idea, and that I
>    was only proposing the parallel construction because certain
>    people were absolutely dead-set on the idea of using both MD5
>    and SHA1 in the PRF.  So naturally I'm all in favor of Hugo's
>    proposal."
> 
>    My interpretation of these comments is that none of the
>    proposed alternatives has any real vulnerabilities (so
>    choosing any of them would work just fine in practice), and
>    the difference is mainly which design principle is considered
>    more important (keeping the fail-safe redundancy or
>    analytical "elegance").
> 
>    I have no strong opinions either way here, but my proposal
>    would be to keep it as "0||PSK" as suggested by Hugo and Dan.
> 
> 6. DHE premaster secret 
> 
>    Currently the premaster secret is the DH value and PSK
>    concatenated. Peter suggested that it might be better to
>    include some length field to remove the possibility for key
>    equivalents.
> 
>    I tend to agree here, and I propose changing this:
>    
>       "The premaster secret is formed as follows: concatenate the
>       value produced by the Diffie-Hellman exchange (with
>       leading zero bytes stripped as in other Diffie-Hellman
>       based ciphersuites) and the PSK, in this order."
> 
>    To this:
> 
>       "The premaster secret is formed as follows. Let Z be the
>       value produced by the Diffie-Hellman exchange (with
>       leading zero bytes stripped as in other Diffie-Hellman
>       based ciphersuites). Concatenate an uint16 containing the
>       length of Z (in octets), Z itself, and the PSK, in this
>       order."
> 
> 7. Identity format
> 
>    Nikos commented that the draft should be more specific about
>    what the identity field contains to improve chances for
>    interoperability, and suggested using UTF-8.  Pasi agreed
>    that it's important to avoid the situations where both ends
>    are using e.g. Distinguished Names, but encode them in a
>    different way, or an implementation does not allow an
>    administrator to enter the identifier the other end is
>    expecting. 
> 
>    My proposal (from http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/
>    msg04374.html): Change this
> 
>       "This document does not specify the format of the PSK
>       identity or PSK identity hint; neither is specified how
>       exactly the client uses the hint (if it uses it at all).
>       The parties have to agree on the identities when the
>       shared secret is configured (however, see Section 6 for
>       related security considerations).  In situations where the
>       identity is entered by a person, it is RECOMMENDED that
>       the input is processed using an appropriate stringprep [9]
>       profile and encoded in octets using UTF-8 encoding [14].
>       One possible stringprep profile is described in [8]."
> 
>    To this:
> 
>       "It is expected that different types of identities are
>       useful for different applications running over TLS. This
>       document does not therefore mandate the use of any
>       particular type of identity (such as IPv4 address or FQDN)
>       or identity hint; neither is specified how exactly the
>       client uses the hint (if it uses it at all).
> 
>       To increase the chances for succesful interoperation
>       between applications that do agree on what type of
>       identity is used, the identity MUST be first converted to
>       a character string, and then encoded to octets using UTF-8
>       [UTF8]. For instance,
> 
>       o  IPv4 addresses are sent as dotted-decimal strings
>          (e.g., "192.0.1.2"), not as 32-bit integers in 
>          network byte order.
> 
>       o  Domain names are sent in their usual text form (e.g.,
>          "www.example.com" or "embedded\.dot.example.net"),
>          not in DNS protocol wire format.
> 
>       o  X.500 Distinguished Names are sent in their string
>          representation [draft-ietf-ldapbis-dn-14], not as
>          BER-encoded ASN.1.
> 
>       In situations where the identity is entered by a person,
>       processing the character string with an appropriate
>       stringprep [9] profile is RECOMMENDED."
>    
> 8. Ciphersuite and other numbers are TBD
> 
>    Nikos and Peter commented that we can't have any
>    implementations before we assign the required numbers.  
>    Eric suggested that numbers should be picked after WGLC,  
>    being very careful to avoid collisions.
> 
>    My proposal (from http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/
>    msg04373.html): Use ciphersuite numbers starting from 0x8A 
>    and alert number 115.
> 
> Editorial comments:
> 
> 9. Ciphersuite names
> 
>    Nikos commented about the ciphersuite names, but I think the
>    conclusion of the discussion was that they are reasonably in
>    line with other TLS ciphersuites. Thus, I propose keeping the
>    current names.
> 
> 10. Wording about "Dictionary attacks"
> 
>    Nikos commented that "I don't think that here "dictionary
>    attacks" is appropriate. PSK is not supposed to be a password
>    based authentication (as also stated in section 1.1), so
>    dictionary attacks do not apply."
> 
>    Pasi replied that in some cases, PSKs might be selected by
>    humans (instead of generated randomly), and the term
>    "dictionary attack" could be used without being too
>    inaccurate.
> 
>    My proposal is to change this:
> 
>       "Use of a fixed shared secret of limited entropy (such as
>       a password) may allow an attacker to perform a brute-force
>       or dictionary attack to recover the secret. (...) "
> 
>    To this:
> 
>       "Use of a fixed shared secret of limited entropy (for
>       example, a PSK that is relatively short, or was chosen by
>       a human and thus may contain less entropy than its length
>       would imply) may allow an attacker to perform a
>       brute-force or dictionary attack to recover the
>       secret. (...)"
> 
> 11. Possible ambiguity in RSA_PSK premaster description
> 
>    I got an off-list question about the RSA_PSK ciphersuites:
>    does the client RSA-encrypt only the 48-byte random value, or
>    also the PSK? It's only the 48-byte random value, of course,
>    but perhaps the text could be reworded a bit.
> 
>    My proposal is to change this:
> 
>       "The premaster secret is formed as follows: concatenate
>       the 48-byte value generated by the client (and sent to the
>       server in ClientKeyExchange message) and the PSK, in this
>       order."
>  
>    To this:
>       
>       "The EncryptedPreMasterSecret field sent from the client
>       to the server contains a 2-byte version number and a
>       46-byte random value, encrypted using the server's RSA
>       public key as described in Section 7.4.7.1 of [3]. The
>       actual premaster secret is formed by both parties as
>       follows: concatenate the 2-byte version number, the
>       46-byte random value, and the PSK, in this order."
>       
> Best regards,
> Pasi
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> 

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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Pre-Shared Key Ciphersuites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
	Author(s)	: P. Eronen, H. Tschofenig
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tls-psk-03.txt
	Pages		: 16
	Date		: 2004-11-16
	
This document specifies three sets of new ciphersuites for the
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   ciphersuites uses only symmetric key operations for authentication.
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In Last Call comments Peter Gutmann suggested removing the
export cipher suites from TLS 1.1 entirely (I'd leave a note
and reserve the numbers). Seems like a good idea to me. 
Any objections?

-Ekr



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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: ietf-tls@lists.certicom.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-tls-psk-03.txt
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I've just been going through the -03 draft and I'm not sure whether the new
requirements for encoding the identity are such a good idea.  The older -02
had "UTF-8 everything" which admittedly was a bit ambiguous, but I think the
current requirement to convert things that aren't normally UTF-8 into UTF-8
will cause more interop problems than it solves, because some of the IDs that
could potentially be used have ambiguous encodings in text form.  The obvious
example is X.500 DNs, not only because (even in a perfect world) there are a
pile of sematically equivalent forms that can't be easily compared with a
strcmp(), but also because we're in an imperfect world where people put
latin-1 into T61Strings that can't be reliably turned into UTF-8 and have
multi-AVA RDNs for which some implementations will only see the first AVA and
not the others, and a pile of other things.  Having to implement X.500
en/decoding and string comparison rules in a TLS implementation is probably
asking a bit much.

IPv6 has somewhat similar problems, there are several ways to represent an
address, so you'd need to add complex en/decode/comparison logic to your code
to handle this.

To resolve this, I think it's necessary to at least provide information on a
couple of common ID types and their encodings, e.g:

  User names (where the user may be a human or a device, and which usually
  correspond to account names on the server being connected to) are encoded as
  a UTF-8 character string, without any terminating null character.

  IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are encoded as 32-bit and 128-bit integers in
  network byte order.

  URIs are encoded as specified in [RFC2616].

  Domain names are encoded as specified in [whatever the ref is]

  X.500 DNs are encoded as DER-encoded ASN.1 as it appears in the certificate
  or other object from which it's referenced.

Having said that, I'm not sure at the moment why you'd need something other
than a straight user name.  For example, I can't see why I'd be connecting to
a server and identifying myself as an IP address (I can certainly dream up an
imaginary scenario if given a few minutes, but I can't think of any real-world
situation where I'd need the ability to do this).  So another option would be
to leave everything but the user name unspecified and see if anyone ever needs
any of the other options, and if so how they want to handle them.

Peter.

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From tls-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 29 13:47:40 2004
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Subject: [TLS] Is the PRF reverversible?
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Hello,

I have a question
What is the consequence if an attacker who knows the MAC or the encryptio=
n key derived from master_secret.
In other words, is the PRF-TLS is reversible (if I know the its output, c=
an I know its input).
=20
georges

	=09
---------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
 Meet the all-new My Yahoo! =96 Try it today!=20
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<DIV>Hello,<BR><BR>I have a question<BR>What is the consequence if an att=
acker who knows the MAC or the encryption key derived from master_secret.=
<BR>In other words, is the PRF-TLS is reversible (if I know the its outpu=
t, can I know its input).</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>georges</DIV><p>
		<hr size=3D1>Do you Yahoo!?<br>=20
Meet the <a href=3D"http://my.yahoo.com">all-new My Yahoo!</a> =96 Try it=
 today!=20
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From tls-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 29 17:52:21 2004
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From: Jack Lloyd <lloyd@randombit.net>
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Subject: [TLS] RSA signature padding confusion
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All the SSL/TLS specs (SSLv3 through 1.1) state in one section (4.7,
"Cryptographic Attributes" in the 1.1 draft) that RSA signatures are done with
PKCS #1 block type 0 or type 1, while a later section (8.1.1 in TLS 1.1) only
mentions block type 1 with regards to RSA signatures.

Basically, what's up with this? Can a compliant implementation (in any version
of SSL/TLS) send a block type 0 (ie, no padding at all) signature to the other
side?

All I really know for certain is that OpenSSL acts very surprised if it gets a
signature that doesn't have normal PKCS padding. I looked through EKR's SSL
book for discussion on this last night, and didn't see anything, though maybe I
just missed it.

Any help appreciated.

Thanks,
  Jack

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From: Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-tls-psk-03.txt
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On Friday 26 November 2004 12:16, Peter Gutmann wrote:

> I've just been going through the -03 draft and I'm not sure whether the new
> requirements for encoding the identity are such a good idea.  The older -02
> had "UTF-8 everything" which admittedly was a bit ambiguous, but I think
> the current requirement to convert things that aren't normally UTF-8 into
> UTF-8 will cause more interop problems than it solves, because some of the
> IDs that could potentially be used have ambiguous encodings in text form. 
> The obvious example is X.500 DNs, not only because (even in a perfect
> world) there are a pile of sematically equivalent forms that can't be
> easily compared with a strcmp(), but also because we're in an imperfect
> world where people put latin-1 into T61Strings that can't be reliably
> turned into UTF-8 and have multi-AVA RDNs for which some implementations
> will only see the first AVA and not the others, and a pile of other things.
>  Having to implement X.500 en/decoding and string comparison rules in a TLS
> implementation is probably asking a bit much.
[...]
> To resolve this, I think it's necessary to at least provide information on
> a couple of common ID types and their encodings, e.g:
>   User names (where the user may be a human or a device, and which usually
>   correspond to account names on the server being connected to) are encoded
> as a UTF-8 character string, without any terminating null character.
>   IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are encoded as 32-bit and 128-bit integers in
>   network byte order.

If you do this then you have to include a tag to indicate the type. Otherwise 
you cannot tell whether the data there are a UTF-8 username or an IP address.

> Peter.

-- 
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Pre-Shared Key Ciphersuites for Transport Layer
                          Security (TLS)
	Author(s)	: P. Eronen, H. Tschofenig
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tls-psk-04.txt
	Pages		: 16
	Date		: 2004-11-29
	
This document specifies three sets of new ciphersuites for the
   Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol to support authentication
   based on pre-shared keys.  These pre-shared keys are symmetric keys,
   shared in advance among the communicating parties.  The first set of
   ciphersuites uses only symmetric key operations for authentication.
   The second set uses a Diffie-Hellman exchange authenticated with a
   pre-shared key; and the third set combines public key authentication
   of the server with pre-shared key authentication of the client.

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From tls-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Nov 30 05:41:13 2004
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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: nmav@gnutls.org, tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-tls-psk-03.txt
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Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org> writes:

>If you do this then you have to include a tag to indicate the type. Otherwise
>you cannot tell whether the data there are a UTF-8 username or an IP address.

Why would it matter?  All you're doing is comparing (or looking up) a client-
supplied { value, length } against a stored { value, length }.

Peter.


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Hi,

If we assume the typical scenario would be that a person enters
the identifier and PSK in the TLS client (and server), then IMHO
the current approach (UTF-8 encoding) significantly increases
the chances for interoperability. It also simplifies actual
implementations, since they don't have to implement encoding/
decoding operations for all the different types of identifiers
people might want to use.

If, on the other hand, the identifiers and keys on both
endpoints come from some key distribution system (or something),
and this system actually cares about the type of the identifier
then using e.g. DER for X.500 DNs might make sense... but I
think the former case will be much more common (and many systems
will probably just do strcpy/strcmp for something that a person
entered somewhere, so UTF-8 will work fine).

This way, we also avoid the need to define what exactly is a
user name and what is not (not exactly simple if the "user"=20
not a person but a device or a software component), and all
the interoperability issues this would bring up... so IMHO
we should keep it as it is.

Best regards,
Pasi

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Peter Gutmann
> Sent: Friday, November 26, 2004 1:17 PM
> To: ietf-tls@lists.certicom.com
> Subject: Re: [TLS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-tls-psk-03.txt
>=20
> I've just been going through the -03 draft and I'm not sure
> whether the new requirements for encoding the identity are
> such a good idea.  The older -02 had "UTF-8 everything" which
> admittedly was a bit ambiguous, but I think the current
> requirement to convert things that aren't normally UTF-8 into
> UTF-8 will cause more interop problems than it solves, because
> some of the IDs that could potentially be used have ambiguous
> encodings in text form.  The obvious example is X.500 DNs, not
> only because (even in a perfect world) there are a pile of
> sematically equivalent forms that can't be easily compared
> with a strcmp(), but also because we're in an imperfect world
> where people put latin-1 into T61Strings that can't be
> reliably turned into UTF-8 and have multi-AVA RDNs for which
> some implementations will only see the first AVA and not the
> others, and a pile of other things.  Having to implement X.500
> en/decoding and string comparison rules in a TLS
> implementation is probably asking a bit much.
>=20
> IPv6 has somewhat similar problems, there are several ways to
> represent an address, so you'd need to add complex
> en/decode/comparison logic to your code to handle this.
>=20
> To resolve this, I think it's necessary to at least provide
> information on a couple of common ID types and their
> encodings, e.g:
>=20
>   User names (where the user may be a human or a device, and=20
>   which usually correspond to account names on the server being=20
>   connected to) are encoded as a UTF-8 character string, without=20
>   any terminating null character.
>=20
>   IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are encoded as 32-bit and 128-bit=20
>   integers in network byte order.
>=20
>   URIs are encoded as specified in [RFC2616].
>=20
>   Domain names are encoded as specified in [whatever the ref is]
>=20
>   X.500 DNs are encoded as DER-encoded ASN.1 as it appears in=20
>   the certificate or other object from which it's referenced.
>=20
> Having said that, I'm not sure at the moment why you'd need
> something other than a straight user name.  For example, I
> can't see why I'd be connecting to a server and identifying
> myself as an IP address (I can certainly dream up an imaginary
> scenario if given a few minutes, but I can't think of any
> real-world situation where I'd need the ability to do this).
> So another option would be to leave everything but the user
> name unspecified and see if anyone ever needs any of the other
> options, and if so how they want to handle them.
>=20
> Peter.


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