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From: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com
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Subject: [TLS] RE: Review of draft-ietf-tls-psk-07.txt
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Thanks for your review, Lakshminath!

Russ, could you check that you're happy with the suggested
handling of these comments?  (If so, I can submit a revised=20
I-D later this week.)

> I am reviewing this I-D as part of the Gen-Art IETF LC review=20
> process.
>
<snip>
>
> Please include a table of contents.

Ok, will be added.

<snip>
> 1. The motivation might need to be revised.  The first reason
> seems to be at odds with the RSA_PSK ciphersuites and DKE_PSK
> ciphersuites.
>
> The second reason makes sense in that the proposed protocol
> provides a solution for environments where PSKs are already in
> place.

The motivation text is before the three ciphersuite sets (PSK,
DHE_PSK, RSA_PSK) have been introduced, and the text a couple=20
of paragraphs later does describe that only the PSK variants=20
are free of public-key operations.=20

But perhaps we should clarify it slightly by changing

  o First, TLS may be used in performance-constrained
    environments where the CPU power needed for public key
    operations is not available.

to this?

  o First, using pre-shared keys can, depending on the
    ciphersuite, avoid the need for public key operations.=20
    This is useful if TLS is used in performance-constrained
    environments with limited CPU power.

> (On the issue of small devices and performance constraints,
> with Moore's law, performance constraints of today might be
> invalid in a few years.  Of course, with Moore's law the
> requisite key lengths etc., also increase.  Then comes the
> question of how PSKs compare with public key operations with
> shorter keys.  It might be worthwhile for this I-D, and the
> eventual RFC to include such a discussion).

I agree that performance issues change quickly. Most devices=20
get faster, but decreasing prices also enable new low-cost
low-performance devices that were not economical earlier.

But I'm not sure how useful it would be to include this kind of
discussion in this document. The text would get old pretty fast,
and a meaningful comparison of the performance differences of
various TLS ciphersuites in different kinds of devices would
easily take several pages.

> 2. In the last paragraph of Section 1, delete with in "with
> RSA_PSK key exchange algorithm" replace "mutual" with "client"

Technically, "mutual" is correct (if not very elegant English):
the server also proves to the client that it knows the PSK.

(It certainly would have been possible to design the RSA_PSK
ciphersuites so that the PSK is used only for client-to-server
authentication, but that was not done.)

> 3. The Applicability Statement needs work.  Please rewrite the
> applicability statement to clearly state the intended use
> alone.  The alternatives, self-signed certs and SRP
> ciphersuites can go elsewhere, perhaps in the Security
> Considerations section.
<snip>
> 9.  As noted earlier, please suggest alternatives to PSKs in
> Section 7.2 or in a separate subsection in Section 7.
>
> That section should say something along the lines of: PSKs
> should only be used after other alternatives such as xx
> (self-signed certs?) and yy (TLS-SRP?) have been ruled out
> either due to performance constraints or deployment
> constraints etc.

Since the applicability statement is quite short (three
paragraphs), I don't think splitting it to two subsections=20
would be helpful. Besides, discussing the other alternatives
(e.g. self-signed certs and SRP) is one good way to describe
when PSKs are and are not the best choice.

(But if you have concrete suggestions on how this section
should be rephrased, they're certainly welcome.)

> 4. Replace all occurrences of "an uint16" with "a uint16"

OK, will be done.

> 5. On "See [8] for a more detailed rationale.": Considering
> [8] is an email, please summarize the rationale in the I-D=20
> for completeness.

Well, the rationale is IMHO not very interesting, and the choice
was, to some degree, arbitrary: other alternatives would have
been OK as well.

How about changing note 2 from

   Note 2: Using zeroes for "other_secret" effectively means
   that only the HMAC-SHA1 part (but not the HMAC-MD5 part) of
   the TLS PRF is used when constructing the master secret. =20
   See [8] for a more detailed rationale.

to this?

   Note 2: Using zeroes for "other_secret" effectively means
   that only the HMAC-SHA1 part (but not the HMAC-MD5 part) of
   the TLS PRF is used when constructing the master secret.=20
   This was considered more elegant from an analytical viewpoint
   than, for instance, using the same key for both the HMAC-MD5
   and HMAC-SHA1 parts. See [8] for a more detailed rationale.

> 6. In Page 6, please add the following to the second to last
> paragraph.
>
> PreMaster Secret =3D length-of-Z-in-octets || Z ||
> length-of-PSK-in-octets || PSK
>
> where the "length" fields are of type unit16
>
> or something like that.
>
> 7. In Section 4, the paragraph starting with "The
> EncryptedPreMasterSecret ..." needs some work.
>
> Perhaps including a line similar to the one suggested above
> might help.
>
> PreMasterSecret =3D length-of-EncryptedPreMasterSecret-in-octets
> || EncryptedPreMasterSecrtet || length-of-PSK || PSK

It seems the wording of these paragraphs has been fine-tuned in
almost every revision of the document :-)

The document already describes the premaster secret construction
in two different ways, as plain English (concatenate this and
that), and by using the "general structure" shown in TLS
presentation language ("struct { .. }") in Section 2.

I think a third way to describe the same thing would be a bit
redundant... So unless you think the current descriptions are
ambiguous (and would lead to interoperability problems), I'd
suggest keeping them as they are.

> 8.  In Section 7.2, it might be worthwhile to include a
> passphrase to PSK generation function for easy reference.

Section 7.2 recommends providing functionality for generating a
random PSK, but if the PSK is entered as an ASCII string
(Section 5.4 requires management interface support for it),=20
it's used as entered.

Or in other words, it's not run through anything like PKCS#5
PBKDF2 before being used. (If it was, TLS-PSK would also have to
negotiate (or specify) the various parameters (like iteration
count) needed by PBKDF2 to get any interoperability. There was=20
at some point also discussion about using PKCS#5 PBKDF2 for all=20
keys; Hugo's mail in [8] also has parts related to this.)

Best regards,
Pasi

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From tls-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Apr  7 11:50:15 2005
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Subject: [TLS] Draft update: TLS Session Resumption without Server-Side State
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We have posted a new revision of the draft TLS Session Resumption
without Server-Side State
(http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-salowey-tls-ticket-02.txt).
We would appreciate feedback on the contents of the draft.   We would
also like to know if there is interest within the TLS working group to
take this on as work item.=20

Thanks,

Joe=20


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: ECC Cipher Suites For TLS
	Author(s)	: V. Gupta, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tls-ecc-09.txt
	Pages		: 35
	Date		: 2005-4-8
	
This document describes new key exchange algorithms based on Elliptic
Curve Cryptography (ECC) for the TLS (Transport Layer Security)
protocol.  In particular, it specifies the use of Elliptic Curve
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On Tue, Nov 02, 2004 at 04:48:02PM -0800, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> Vipul Gupta <Vipul.Gupta@Sun.COM> writes:

>> In fact, at least one of the authors of that draft didn't realize that
>> the sentence would preclude Informational/Experimental
>> RFCs from defining new TLS extensions. So I'd also favor changing
>> the wording in RFC 3546.
>>
>> Who needs to approve such a change and if they do would you want
>> us to remove the extensions in the ECC draft until the change is made
>> or could it proceed to last call in parallel with the change to RFC
>> 3546?

> You'd need to create a new document to revise 3546 and get WG
> consensus behind it. The documents should proceed in parallel.

Hi Eric,

I believe we are now ready for Last Call for both specifications:

1. draft-ietf-tls-rfc3546bis-00.txt (TLS Extensions)
2. draft-ietf-tls-ecc-09.txt (ECC Cipher Suites for TLS).

The former is for Standards Track; the latter would be Informational.


1. Since November, we have draft-ietf-tls-rfc3546bis-00.txt by the
   same authors as RFC 3546, with the change described above.
   Core sentence:

       "ExtensionType values are to be assigned via IETF Consensus as
       defined in RFC 2434"

   Otherwise, the ID just clarifies the handling of TLS extensions
   with session resumption (now stating that "In general the
   specification of each extension type must include a discussion of
   the effect of the extension both during new sessions and during
   resumed sessions" instead of trying to give a general rule for all
   extensions).


2. The latest revision of the TLS-ECC draft is at

       http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tls-ecc-09.txt

   The draft uses extension to ensure that interoperability can be
   achieved (point compression can be used if desired, e.g. to
   accomodate fielded certificates that rely on point compression, but
   is forbidden if either party does not support it; the server may
   not pick an ECC ciphersuite unless the client's ECC capabilities
   as specified in the extensions are sufficient to successfully
   finish the handshake).


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Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org> writes:

> On Tue, Nov 02, 2004 at 04:48:02PM -0800, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>> Vipul Gupta <Vipul.Gupta@Sun.COM> writes:
>
>>> In fact, at least one of the authors of that draft didn't realize that
>>> the sentence would preclude Informational/Experimental
>>> RFCs from defining new TLS extensions. So I'd also favor changing
>>> the wording in RFC 3546.
>>>
>>> Who needs to approve such a change and if they do would you want
>>> us to remove the extensions in the ECC draft until the change is made
>>> or could it proceed to last call in parallel with the change to RFC
>>> 3546?
>
>> You'd need to create a new document to revise 3546 and get WG
>> consensus behind it. The documents should proceed in parallel.
>
> Hi Eric,
>
> I believe we are now ready for Last Call for both specifications:
>
> 1. draft-ietf-tls-rfc3546bis-00.txt (TLS Extensions)
> 2. draft-ietf-tls-ecc-09.txt (ECC Cipher Suites for TLS).
I agree. I'll issue a WG LC..

-Ekr


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This is a Working Group Last Call for draft-ietf-tls-ecc-09.txt
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The Last Call will last for two weeks, ending on April 22.
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This is a Working Group Last Call for draft-ietf-tls-rfc3546bis-00.txt
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> This is a Working Group Last Call for draft-ietf-tls-ecc-09.txt
> The target status for this document is Information.
> 
> Please send comments to the mailing list as followups to this
> message.

some comments:

 > 5.1  Client Hello Extensions
...
 >         enum { uncompressed (0), ansiX962_compressed (1),
 >                ansiX962_hybrid (2), reserved (3 .. 255)
 >         } ECPointFormat;
 >
 >         struct {
 >             ECPointFormat ec_point_format_list<1..28-1>
 >         } ECPointFormatList;
 >
 >    Three point formats are included in the definition of ECPointFormat
 >    above.  The uncompressed point format is the default format in that
 >    implementations of this document MUST support it.  The
 >    ansiX962_compressed format reduces bandwidth by including only the
 >    x-coordinate and a single bit of the y-coordinate of the point.  The
 >    ansiX962_hybrid format includes both the full y-coordinate and the
 >    compressed y-coordinate to allow flexibility and improve efficiency
 >    in some cases.  Implementations of this document MAY support the
 >    ansiX962_compressed and ansiX962_hybrid point formats.  (These three
 >    formats are described in [6].)  Values 248 through 255 are reserved
 >    for private use.

what's the pratical value of including the hybrid format ?

 >    Items in ec_point_format_list are ordered according to the client's
 >    preferences (favorite choice first).
 >
 >    A client that can parse only the uncompressed point format includes
 >    an extension consisting of the following octets:
 >
 >         00 ?? 00 02 01 00
 >
 >    A client that prefers the use of the ansiX962_compressed format over
 >    uncompressed may indicate that preference by including an extension
 >    consisting of the following octets:
 >
 >         00 ?? 00 03 02 01 00

this is somewhat problematic: for example openssl (0.9.8-dev) should
support every of the above mentioned named curves and it can handle
compressed points for GF(p) as well (as the point compression algorithm
for characteristic 2 is patented point compression for GF(2^m) curves is
disabled by default in openssl). But there's no way in express this using
the above extensions: one can either list every supported curve and offer
no point compression or restrict the list of curves to "prime"-curves and
offer point compression.

...
 > 5.3  Server Certificate
...
 >    Actions of the sender:
 >
 >    The server constructs an appropriate certificate chain and conveys it
 >    to the client in the Certificate message.  If the client has used a
 >    Supported Elliptic Curves Extension, the public key in the server's
 >    certificate MUST respect the client's choice of elliptic curves; in
 >    particular, the public key MUST employ a named curve (not the same
 >    curve as an explicit curve) unless the client has indicated support
 >    for explicit curves of the appropriate type.  If the client has used
 >    a Supported Point Formats Extension, both the server's public key
 >    point and (in the case of an explicit curve) the curve's base point

every ec point appearing in the cert chain must adhere to the supported
point format and not only the public key and the generator of the server
certificate (otherwise the client might be unable to verify the cert chain).

 >    MUST respect the client's choice of point formats.  (A server that
 >    cannot satisfy these requirements must not choose an ECC cipher suite
 >    in its ServerHello message.)
...
 >
 > 5.9  Elliptic Curve Certificates
 >
 >    X509 certificates containing ECC public keys or signed using ECDSA
 >    MUST comply with [11] or another RFC that replaces or extends it.

as no one knows what will be in future versions of these RFCs this
might be challenging to implement ;-)

 >    Clients SHOULD use the elliptic curve domain parameters recommended
 >    in ANSI X9.62 [6], FIPS 186-2 [8], and SEC 2 [10].
 >
 > 5.10  ECDH, ECDSA and RSA Computations
 >
 >    All ECDH calculations (including parameter and key generation as well
 >    as the shared secret calculation) MUST be performed according to [5]
 >
 >
 >
 > Gupta, et al.            Expires October 9, 2005               [Page 26]
 >
 > Internet-Draft          ECC Cipher Suites for TLS             April 2005
 >
 >
 >    using the ECKAS-DH1 scheme with the identity map as key derivation
 >    function, so that the premaster secret is the x-coordinate of the
 >    ECDH shared secret elliptic curve point, i.e. the octet string Z in
 >    IEEE 1363 terminology.
 >
 >    Note that a new extension may be introduced in the future to allow
 >    the use of a different KDF during computation of the premaster
 >    secret.  In this event, the new KDF would be used in place of the
 >    process detailed above.  This may be desirable, for example, to
 >    support compatibility with the planned NIST key agreement standard.
 >
 >    All ECDSA computations MUST be performed according to ANSI X9.62 [6]
 >    or its successors.  Data to be signed/verified is hashed and the
 >    result run directly through the ECDSA algorithm with no additional
 >    hashing.  The default hash function is SHA-1 [7] and sha_size (see
 >    Section 5.4 and Section 5.8) is 20.  However, an alternative hash
 >    function, such as one of the new SHA hash functions specified in FIPS
 >    180-2 [7], may be used instead if the certificate containing the EC
 >    public key explicitly requires use of another hash function.  (The
 >    mechanism for specifying the required hash function has not been
 >    standardized but this provision anticipates such standardization and
 >    obviates the need to update this document in response.  Future PKIX
 >    RFCs may choose, for example, to specify the hash function to be used
 >    with a public key in the parameters field of subjectPublicKeyInfo.)

the ability whether or not the client/server supports the new ecc asn.1
features should perhaps be indicated in yet another tls extension

Cheers,
Nils

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On Wed, Apr 13, 2005 at 08:06:08PM +0200, Nils Larsch wrote:

>> [...] draft-ietf-tls-ecc-09.txt

> some comments:

Thanks for the comments.  All these are issues that I have previously
considered.  This does, of course, not necessarily mean that my
answers as given below are the best ones, so you are certainly invited
to argue against them :-)


>>         enum { uncompressed (0), ansiX962_compressed (1),
>>                ansiX962_hybrid (2), reserved (3 .. 255)
>>         } ECPointFormat;

> what's the pratical value of including the hybrid format ?

The practical value surely is very limited; support for hybrid format
is mostly for completeness, given existing standards that allow it.
(If someone has an ECC certificate that happens to use hybrid format,
this allows them to use it for TLS.)  These are small advantages, but
then this is a simple thing to add to the protocol -- support for the
hybrid format is completely optional, after all.


>>    A client that prefers the use of the ansiX962_compressed format over
>>    uncompressed may indicate that preference by including an extension
>>    consisting of the following octets:
>>
>>         00 ?? 00 03 02 01 00

> this is somewhat problematic: for example openssl (0.9.8-dev) should
> support every of the above mentioned named curves and it can handle
> compressed points for GF(p) as well (as the point compression algorithm
> for characteristic 2 is patented point compression for GF(2^m) curves is
> disabled by default in openssl). But there's no way in express this using
> the above extensions: one can either list every supported curve and offer
> no point compression or restrict the list of curves to "prime"-curves and
> offer point compression.

Yes, I am aware of this restriction.  My reason for keeping the
ECPointFormat type as above was that generally the default format,
uncompressed, is a very good choice anyway (it means just a few more
bytes and its use can usually save some computation time), and that
the restriction keeps the protocol a little simpler and the TLS
extensions a little shorter.

Point formats other than uncompressed are most likely to be of use in
closed environments, e.g. to accommodate specific certificates.  In
such scenarios, common parameters will have been somehow negotiated
offline anyway, such as by deploying clients that support only a
single curve in the first place.  Then the online negotiation through
TLS extensions would be just to confirm that the current handshake can
really finish as expected (so that the server can switch to
appropriate parameters, e.g. an RSA certificate, when an "outsider"
client connects).

On the other hand, servers meant to use ECC certificates with any
ECC-capable client, friend or foe, will need certificates employing
the uncompressed format anyway.  Thus, point format negotiation has
considerable less value in such open scenarios.

So the short design rationale is as follows:

- Point format negotiation can be important for some closed
  environments;

- but point format negotiation is not important enough that we have to
  bother doing it in a perfectly flexible way.

Now obviously this is just one way to view it.  Would you prefer
to have more fine-grained ECPointFormat values, such as

    uncompressed,
    ansiX962_compressed_prime,
    anxiX962_compressed_char2,
    ansiX962_hybrid_prime,
    ansiX962_hybrid_char2

?  This would't be too complicated either.  And, possibly more
importantly, this set of possibilities would be easier to explain :-)

If this is preferred, I wouldn't mind changing the specification
accordingly.


>> 5.3  Server Certificate

>>    The server constructs an appropriate certificate chain and conveys it
>>    to the client in the Certificate message.  If the client has used a
>>    Supported Elliptic Curves Extension, the public key in the server's
>>    certificate MUST respect the client's choice of elliptic curves; in
>>    particular, the public key MUST employ a named curve (not the same
>>    curve as an explicit curve) unless the client has indicated support
>>    for explicit curves of the appropriate type.  If the client has used
>>    a Supported Point Formats Extension, both the server's public key
>>    point and (in the case of an explicit curve) the curve's base point

> every ec point appearing in the cert chain must adhere to the supported
> point format and not only the public key and the generator of the server
> certificate (otherwise the client might be unable to verify the cert chain).

I am aware of the possible certificate chain verification problem.
The specification is meant to guarantee that the key exchange can
proceed without problems, but not necessarily that certificate
verification is always possible.  Keep in mind that certificate
verification can fail due to other reasons, notably due to an unknown
root CA, or various features present in X.509 certificates (such as
unknown extensions that are tagged critical).  We cannot avoid all of
these problems in general.

If the client uses the trusted_ca_keys TLS extension from RFC 3546,
then problem of encountering a totally unknown root CA can be avoided.
But in this case, the problem of unsupported point formats (or
unsupported curves, or various X.509 problems) can just as well be
avoided through CA policies: As long as the CAs stick to uncompressed
format as a good default, there will be no verification problems
(apart from the usual X.509 nightmare).


>> 5.9  Elliptic Curve Certificates
>>
>>    X509 certificates containing ECC public keys or signed using ECDSA
>>    MUST comply with [11] or another RFC that replaces or extends it.

> as no one knows what will be in future versions of these RFCs this
> might be challenging to implement ;-)

I am not sure about what the best wording would be here ...  I think,
however, that the current wording is reasonable (note that it's "or",
not "and", so this does not tell you that you have to support future
RFCs).



>>    All ECDSA computations MUST be performed according to ANSI X9.62 [6]
>>    or its successors.  Data to be signed/verified is hashed and the
>>    result run directly through the ECDSA algorithm with no additional
>>    hashing.  The default hash function is SHA-1 [7] and sha_size (see
>>    Section 5.4 and Section 5.8) is 20.  However, an alternative hash
>>    function, such as one of the new SHA hash functions specified in FIPS
>>    180-2 [7], may be used instead if the certificate containing the EC
>>    public key explicitly requires use of another hash function.  (The
>>    mechanism for specifying the required hash function has not been
>>    standardized but this provision anticipates such standardization and
>>    obviates the need to update this document in response.  Future PKIX
>>    RFCs may choose, for example, to specify the hash function to be used
>>    with a public key in the parameters field of subjectPublicKeyInfo.)

> the ability whether or not the client/server supports the new ecc asn.1
> features should perhaps be indicated in yet another tls extension

Possibly.  But here the same reasoning applies as above in the
comments for section 5.3: We cannot even hope to completely negotiate
every feature that may affect certificate verification; sometimes
authentication may fail because of this, but the handshake will
proceed anyay.  Any important additional details should be taken into
account in CA policies.

Bodo

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Subject: [TLS] Exportability
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Dear brothers, i really need to know what does exportable cipher means?
how it affects security and performance?
for example I want to know what does EXP-DHE-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA and
EXP1024-RC4-SHA ciphers mean in the context of keys length?
what is encrypted and what is sent in clear text? and why?
what is the idea behind that?
what is the difference between EXP ciphers and EXP1024 cihers?

please i need answer for that. it is urgent
Thanks





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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Sat Apr 16 21:39:42 2005
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Date: Thu, 14 Apr 2005 14:23:12 -0700
From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@gmail.com>
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Subject: [TLS] Re: Review of draft-ietf-tls-psk-07.txt
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Hi Pasi and all,

Apologies for the delay in my reply to this.  Please see inline for some 
additional thoughts.

Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

>Thanks for your review, Lakshminath!
>
>Russ, could you check that you're happy with the suggested
>handling of these comments?  (If so, I can submit a revised 
>I-D later this week.)
>
>  
>
><snip>
>  
>
>>3. The Applicability Statement needs work.  Please rewrite the
>>applicability statement to clearly state the intended use
>>alone.  The alternatives, self-signed certs and SRP
>>ciphersuites can go elsewhere, perhaps in the Security
>>Considerations section.
>>    
>>
><snip>
>  
>
>>9.  As noted earlier, please suggest alternatives to PSKs in
>>Section 7.2 or in a separate subsection in Section 7.
>>
>>That section should say something along the lines of: PSKs
>>should only be used after other alternatives such as xx
>>(self-signed certs?) and yy (TLS-SRP?) have been ruled out
>>either due to performance constraints or deployment
>>constraints etc.
>>    
>>
>
>Since the applicability statement is quite short (three
>paragraphs), I don't think splitting it to two subsections 
>would be helpful. Besides, discussing the other alternatives
>(e.g. self-signed certs and SRP) is one good way to describe
>when PSKs are and are not the best choice.
>
>(But if you have concrete suggestions on how this section
>should be rephrased, they're certainly welcome.)
>
>  
>
Applicability statement:

+++++++++++++++
The ciphersuites defined in this document offer weak security properties 
and thus intended for constrained scenarios where stronger ciphersuites 
cannot be used due to deployment issues and performance constraints. 

If performance is not an issue, self-signed certificates with public key 
fingerprints might be more appropriate than TLS-PSK ciphersuites.  The 
configuration complexity between self-signed certs with public key 
fingerprints is comparable, if not slightly more efficient, to shared 
secret configuration.  Another alternative is to use Secure Remote 
Password (SRP) ciphersuites for shared secret authentication [4].  SRP 
was designed to be used with passwords, but incorporates protection 
against dictionary attacks, i.e., more secure compared to TLS-PSK 
ciphersuites.

Self-signed certs based ciphersuites and SRP based ciphersuites require 
computationally expensive operations compared to TLS-PSK, and thus in 
computationally and battery power limited devices, TLS-PSK offers 
protection better than no security at all.  Similarly, there are 
application scenarios, where a shared secret is already established 
between two parties, where at least one of them has computational 
limitations.  Use of TLS-PSK ciphersuites is appropriate in such cases.

Finally, the general guidance is for two communicating parties to rule 
out other other TLS ciphersuites before using TLS-PSK suites, and with 
the understanding that PSK based ciphersuites are vulnerable to 
dictionary attacks, and generally weak (i.e., a moderately motivated 
adversary has a good chance of impersonating one or both parties and 
read TLS protected traffic.
+++++++++++++++++

Here is my first attempt at this (and no I don't want to spend cycles on 
revisions :-)).  Please feel free to use portions of it or none at all. 

   

> snip>
>
>>5. On "See [8] for a more detailed rationale.": Considering
>>[8] is an email, please summarize the rationale in the I-D 
>>for completeness.
>>    
>>
>
>Well, the rationale is IMHO not very interesting, and the choice
>was, to some degree, arbitrary: other alternatives would have
>been OK as well.
>
>How about changing note 2 from
>
>   Note 2: Using zeroes for "other_secret" effectively means
>   that only the HMAC-SHA1 part (but not the HMAC-MD5 part) of
>   the TLS PRF is used when constructing the master secret.  
>   See [8] for a more detailed rationale.
>
>to this?
>
>   Note 2: Using zeroes for "other_secret" effectively means
>   that only the HMAC-SHA1 part (but not the HMAC-MD5 part) of
>   the TLS PRF is used when constructing the master secret. 
>   This was considered more elegant from an analytical viewpoint
>   than, for instance, using the same key for both the HMAC-MD5
>   and HMAC-SHA1 parts. See [8] for a more detailed rationale.
>
>  
>
<snip>

That sounds ok.  My main concern is that providing a reference to a 
mailing list posting probably might not be of help to a reader some 2 
years from now.  I think that this text should stand along, and any 
credits to Hugo should just go into the Acknowledgments section 
(References should be limited to some type of publication that is 
somewhat easily retrievable in the future.  The RFC-Editor might 
complain about this).

>>8.  In Section 7.2, it might be worthwhile to include a
>>passphrase to PSK generation function for easy reference.
>>    
>>
>
>Section 7.2 recommends providing functionality for generating a
>random PSK, but if the PSK is entered as an ASCII string
>(Section 5.4 requires management interface support for it), 
>it's used as entered.
>
>Or in other words, it's not run through anything like PKCS#5
>PBKDF2 before being used. (If it was, TLS-PSK would also have to
>negotiate (or specify) the various parameters (like iteration
>count) needed by PBKDF2 to get any interoperability. There was 
>at some point also discussion about using PKCS#5 PBKDF2 for all 
>keys; Hugo's mail in [8] also has parts related to this.)
>
>  
>
It might be worthwhile to have a separate small informational RFC on 
this.  Russ might find a taker :-).

best regards,
Lakshminath

>Best regards,
>Pasi
>
>  
>


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Subject: RE: [TLS] Last call comments about  DTLS  (mostly editorial)
Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2005 17:11:41 +0300
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Hi Eric,

I went through draft-rescorla-dtls-04 to see how my comments=20
were addressed, and there were a couple of instances were
the fixes were not quite complete...

2) "Cookie cookie<0..32>;" in Sections 4.2.1 and 4.3=20
should be "opaque cookie<0..32>;"=20

15) Section 4.2.6 says that "the initial ClientHello=20
and HelloVerifyRequest MUST BE included in the Finished MAC"=20
while Section 4.2.1 says that they're not.

16) The state machine still does not have any way to leave=20
the FINISHED state, meaning HelloRequest messages can't work.

Best regards,
Pasi

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Subject: RE: [TLS] WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-ecc
Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2005 14:02:47 -0700
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From: "Ari Medvinsky" <arimed@windows.microsoft.com>
To: "Eric Rescorla" <ekr@rtfm.com>, <tls@ietf.org>
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I have a couple of questions/comments on this draft:

1)	The cipher suites defined in section 6 all use SHA1.  Although
from a security standpoint the use of SHA1 (or MD5 for that matter) is
not subject to the vulnerabilities that were recently discovered with
these hash functions - it would still be a good idea to define the new
cipher suites to use SHA 256 or SHA 512 .  For example, this would be
useful for compliance reasons (to eliminate all reliance on MD5/SHA1).

2)	Some additional verbiage/clarification is needed when using
ECDH_ECDSA & ECDHE_ECDSA.  For a client or server certificate chain
(e.g., length of chain is greater than 2) - do all the certificates in
the chain have to be based on ECDSA? Or are mixed crypto certs (signed
with RSA) allowed higher up in the chain?=20


Ari Medvinsky
Program Manager
Windows Security


-----Original Message-----
From: tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Eric Rescorla
Sent: Friday, April 08, 2005 6:56 PM
To: tls@ietf.org
Subject: [TLS] WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-ecc

This is a Working Group Last Call for draft-ietf-tls-ecc-09.txt The
target status for this document is Information.

Please send comments to the mailing list as followups to this message.

The Last Call will last for two weeks, ending on April 22.
Note: I will be out of e-mail contact for 2 weeks starting April 20th,
so in practice I won't be able to deal with comments before May 5th.

-Ekr




_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls

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Subject: RE: [TLS] WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-ecc
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I have a couple of questions/comments on this draft:

1)	The cipher suites defined in section 6 all use SHA1.  Although
from a security standpoint the use of SHA1 (or MD5 for that matter) is
not subject to the vulnerabilities that were recently discovered with
these hash functions - it would still be a good idea to define the new
cipher suites to use SHA 256 or SHA 512 .  For example, this would be
useful for compliance reasons (to eliminate all reliance on MD5/SHA1).

2)	Some additional verbiage/clarification is needed when using
ECDH_ECDSA & ECDHE_ECDSA.  For a client or server certificate chain
(e.g., length of chain is greater than 2) - do all the certificates in
the chain have to be based on ECDSA? Or are mixed crypto certs (signed
with RSA) allowed higher up in the chain?=20


Ari Medvinsky
Program Manager
Windows Security=20

-----Original Message-----
From: tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Eric Rescorla
Sent: Friday, April 08, 2005 6:56 PM
To: tls@ietf.org
Subject: [TLS] WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-ecc

This is a Working Group Last Call for draft-ietf-tls-ecc-09.txt The
target status for this document is Information.

Please send comments to the mailing list as followups to this message.

The Last Call will last for two weeks, ending on April 22.
Note: I will be out of e-mail contact for 2 weeks starting April 20th,
so in practice I won't be able to deal with comments before May 5th.

-Ekr




_______________________________________________
TLS mailing list
TLS@lists.ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Apr 19 13:54:30 2005
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Subject: Re: [TLS] WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-ecc
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On Mon, Apr 18, 2005 at 02:02:47PM -0700, Ari Medvinsky wrote:

> 1)	The cipher suites defined in section 6 all use SHA1.  Although
> from a security standpoint the use of SHA1 (or MD5 for that matter) is
> not subject to the vulnerabilities that were recently discovered with
> these hash functions - it would still be a good idea to define the new
> cipher suites to use SHA 256 or SHA 512 .  For example, this would be
> useful for compliance reasons (to eliminate all reliance on MD5/SHA1).

This is of course a valid concern.  My reason for not adressing this
in draft-ietf-tls-ecc-09.txt was that this issue applies to all TLS
ciphersuites equally (the main TLS specification defines a few with
MD5 and many with SHA; various ciphersuites defined elsewehere use
SHA).  Additionally there's SHA-1 and MD5 in the TLS PRF
(pseudo-random function) used to derive keys from the handshake
secrets, and we can't define this away in the TLS-ECC specification
without violating the modularity of the TLS protocol design.

So my preferred solution to these issues would be to have a future
version of the TLS protocol (TLS 1.2, maybe?) specificy

- a new PRF not based on MD5 and SHA-1, and

- the use of a different MAC whenever ciphersuites that were
  originally defined for TLS 1.0 said "use SHA-1".

Then the hash issues won't have to be adressed independently for each
set of ciphersuites.  This way, we avoid allocating a huge number of
additional ciphersuite identifiers (which would happen if additional
spefications are written to define a SHA-256 version of each
ciphersuite originally defined with SHA-1).


> 2)	Some additional verbiage/clarification is needed when using
> ECDH_ECDSA & ECDHE_ECDSA.  For a client or server certificate chain
> (e.g., length of chain is greater than 2) - do all the certificates in
> the chain have to be based on ECDSA? Or are mixed crypto certs (signed
> with RSA) allowed higher up in the chain? 

Here the rationale is based on the observation that the main TLS
specification does go into this level of detail either: It only says
that for the DH_DSS key exchange algorithm, the "algorithm used to
sign the certificate MUST be DSS"; similar for DH_RSA, it "MUST be
RSA".

Presumably chains would usually be consistent in the choice of
signature algorithms: i.e. either all RSA, all DSA ("DSS"), or all
ECDSA, with only the end-entity certificate possibly deviating.  Other
chains are not forbidden by the respective specification, they would
just be less useful in practice because they increase the risk that
certificates would not be accepted.  This is something that CAs can
take into account in their signing practice.  If they don't, this
means that certain chains might not be accepted by certain parties
(but non-acceptance is a problem must be expected all the time if a
party does not like a CA's signing practice).

(Also, the parties can work around the problem sometimes by relying
not just on root CAs for trust, but directly on intermediate CAs: If
Alice as a CA signs the certificate for another CA Bob and Bob signs
the certificate for Carol, then another party Dave can verify Carol's
certificate either by accepting Alice's certificate as trustworthy or
by accepting Bob's certificate as trustworthy.  In the latter case, it
does not matter what signing algorithm Alice has used.)


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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls



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Bodo,

1) SHA1 issue:

Since we are defining new cipher suites I don't think that it makes
sense to say that we should not use a stronger hash function just
because there are existing cipher suites that already use Sha1 or Md5.

The PRF problem needs to be addressed separately and should not be
gaiting factor. Moreover, even if we are to wait until TLS 1.2, the
approach to simply use SHA-256 whenever SHA1 is specified will not work
for backward compatibility reasons.

2) Chaining with certs using mixed crypto (ECC/RSA) issue:

I agree with your comments.  However, the current version of the draft
leaves this issue ambiguous.  All that is needed is a couple of
additional sentences which state that mixed chains are permitted (or not
permitted) - it just needs to be explicit.=20

Ari Medvinsky
Program Manager=20
Windows Security

-----Original Message-----
From: Bodo Moeller [mailto:bmoeller@acm.org]=20
Sent: Tuesday, April 19, 2005 10:54 AM
To: Ari Medvinsky
Cc: Eric Rescorla; tls@ietf.org; Joshua Ball; Jeff Spelman; Stefan
Santesson; Cristian Ilac
Subject: Re: [TLS] WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-ecc

On Mon, Apr 18, 2005 at 02:02:47PM -0700, Ari Medvinsky wrote:

> 1)	The cipher suites defined in section 6 all use SHA1.  Although
> from a security standpoint the use of SHA1 (or MD5 for that matter) is

> not subject to the vulnerabilities that were recently discovered with=20
> these hash functions - it would still be a good idea to define the new

> cipher suites to use SHA 256 or SHA 512 .  For example, this would be=20
> useful for compliance reasons (to eliminate all reliance on MD5/SHA1).

This is of course a valid concern.  My reason for not adressing this in
draft-ietf-tls-ecc-09.txt was that this issue applies to all TLS
ciphersuites equally (the main TLS specification defines a few with
MD5 and many with SHA; various ciphersuites defined elsewehere use SHA).
Additionally there's SHA-1 and MD5 in the TLS PRF (pseudo-random
function) used to derive keys from the handshake secrets, and we can't
define this away in the TLS-ECC specification without violating the
modularity of the TLS protocol design.

So my preferred solution to these issues would be to have a future
version of the TLS protocol (TLS 1.2, maybe?) specificy

- a new PRF not based on MD5 and SHA-1, and

- the use of a different MAC whenever ciphersuites that were
  originally defined for TLS 1.0 said "use SHA-1".

Then the hash issues won't have to be adressed independently for each
set of ciphersuites.  This way, we avoid allocating a huge number of
additional ciphersuite identifiers (which would happen if additional
spefications are written to define a SHA-256 version of each ciphersuite
originally defined with SHA-1).


> 2)	Some additional verbiage/clarification is needed when using
> ECDH_ECDSA & ECDHE_ECDSA.  For a client or server certificate chain=20
> (e.g., length of chain is greater than 2) - do all the certificates in

> the chain have to be based on ECDSA? Or are mixed crypto certs (signed

> with RSA) allowed higher up in the chain?

Here the rationale is based on the observation that the main TLS
specification does go into this level of detail either: It only says
that for the DH_DSS key exchange algorithm, the "algorithm used to sign
the certificate MUST be DSS"; similar for DH_RSA, it "MUST be RSA".

Presumably chains would usually be consistent in the choice of signature
algorithms: i.e. either all RSA, all DSA ("DSS"), or all ECDSA, with
only the end-entity certificate possibly deviating.  Other chains are
not forbidden by the respective specification, they would just be less
useful in practice because they increase the risk that certificates
would not be accepted.  This is something that CAs can take into account
in their signing practice.  If they don't, this means that certain
chains might not be accepted by certain parties (but non-acceptance is a
problem must be expected all the time if a party does not like a CA's
signing practice).

(Also, the parties can work around the problem sometimes by relying not
just on root CAs for trust, but directly on intermediate CAs: If Alice
as a CA signs the certificate for another CA Bob and Bob signs the
certificate for Carol, then another party Dave can verify Carol's
certificate either by accepting Alice's certificate as trustworthy or by
accepting Bob's certificate as trustworthy.  In the latter case, it does
not matter what signing algorithm Alice has used.)


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On Tue, Apr 19, 2005 at 03:15:56PM -0700, Ari Medvinsky wrote:

> 1) SHA1 issue:
> 
> Since we are defining new cipher suites I don't think that it makes
> sense to say that we should not use a stronger hash function just
> because there are existing cipher suites that already use Sha1 or Md5.

Existing ciphersuites using SHA-1 surely don't *force* us to use SHA-1
for new ciphersuites.  It's just that sticking to SHA-1 for now allows
us to use a harmonized approach to solve the problem for many
ciphersuites to minimize differences between ciphersuites.

If it was already precisely certain how the existing TLS ciphersuites
would be fixed, then we'd have an example to follow -- but I don't
think this is quite clear yet:

A straightforward approach would be to simply plug in SHA-256 instead
of SHA-1, thus introducing larger MAC tags.  A disadvantage is that
SHA-256 is slower, and obviously that MAC tags would be longer.  The
latter problem can be lessened by using SHA-192 instead (so that MAC
tags would be just four bytes longer than they are now), or by
truncating the MAC even more.  But in any case, the newer SHAs are
slower than SHA-1.  The future preferred MAC function for TLS might
end up being something different from any SHA-{1,192,256,...} HMAC;
so by using SHA-192 or SHA-256 now, we possibly will create more
confusion between different ciphersuites and protocol versions in the
future.


> The PRF problem needs to be addressed separately and should not be
> gaiting factor. Moreover, even if we are to wait until TLS 1.2, the
> approach to simply use SHA-256 whenever SHA1 is specified will not work
> for backward compatibility reasons.

Backward compatibility would be no problem: Protocol version
negotiation can decide which MAC to use, just like SSL 3.0
ciphersuites uses a slightly different MAC construction than the same
ciphersuites in TLS 1.0.  (This time, the difference would be more
significant.)  Those who want to totally avoid SHA-1 would have to
insist on the appropriate minimum protocol version.


> 2) Chaining with certs using mixed crypto (ECC/RSA) issue:
> 
> I agree with your comments.  However, the current version of the draft
> leaves this issue ambiguous.  All that is needed is a couple of
> additional sentences which state that mixed chains are permitted (or not
> permitted) - it just needs to be explicit. 

Agreed.  The approach that seems to make most sense here is to come up
with a wording that can be added similarly both to
draft-ietf-tls-rfc2246-bis-09.txt and to draft-ietf-tls-ecc-09.txt.


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Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org> writes:

> On Tue, Apr 19, 2005 at 03:15:56PM -0700, Ari Medvinsky wrote:
>
>> 1) SHA1 issue:
>> 
>> Since we are defining new cipher suites I don't think that it makes
>> sense to say that we should not use a stronger hash function just
>> because there are existing cipher suites that already use Sha1 or Md5.
>
> Existing ciphersuites using SHA-1 surely don't *force* us to use SHA-1
> for new ciphersuites.  It's just that sticking to SHA-1 for now allows
> us to use a harmonized approach to solve the problem for many
> ciphersuites to minimize differences between ciphersuites.
Indeed. 

And given that there's as yet no evidence that the current problems
with SHA-1 impact HMAC, I don't think it's really supercritical
to rush this transition.

-Ekr

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Bodo Moeller wrote:
...
> The practical value surely is very limited; support for hybrid format
> is mostly for completeness, given existing standards that allow it.

with the same reasoning one could include curves with normal basis,
but I guess no one really wants this

> (If someone has an ECC certificate that happens to use hybrid format,
> this allows them to use it for TLS.)  These are small advantages, but
> then this is a simple thing to add to the protocol -- support for the
> hybrid format is completely optional, after all.

I would prefer not to include this point format unless there a
real use case for it (something I doubt)

>>>   A client that prefers the use of the ansiX962_compressed format over
>>>   uncompressed may indicate that preference by including an extension
>>>   consisting of the following octets:
>>>
>>>        00 ?? 00 03 02 01 00
> 
> 
>>this is somewhat problematic: for example openssl (0.9.8-dev) should
>>support every of the above mentioned named curves and it can handle
>>compressed points for GF(p) as well (as the point compression algorithm
>>for characteristic 2 is patented point compression for GF(2^m) curves is
>>disabled by default in openssl). But there's no way in express this using
>>the above extensions: one can either list every supported curve and offer
>>no point compression or restrict the list of curves to "prime"-curves and
>>offer point compression.
> 
> 
> Yes, I am aware of this restriction.  My reason for keeping the
> ECPointFormat type as above was that generally the default format,
> uncompressed, is a very good choice anyway (it means just a few more
> bytes and its use can usually save some computation time), and that
> the restriction keeps the protocol a little simpler and the TLS
> extensions a little shorter.

yep, but the price for this is that point compression is nearly
useless for open source software

> Point formats other than uncompressed are most likely to be of use in
> closed environments, e.g. to accommodate specific certificates.  In

I doubt that extensions are necessary in this case at all (as all
parameters, like point compression, are fixed)

...
> Now obviously this is just one way to view it.  Would you prefer
> to have more fine-grained ECPointFormat values, such as
> 
>     uncompressed,
>     ansiX962_compressed_prime,
>     anxiX962_compressed_char2,
>     ansiX962_hybrid_prime,
>     ansiX962_hybrid_char2
> 
> ?  This would't be too complicated either.  And, possibly more
> importantly, this set of possibilities would be easier to explain :-)
> 
> If this is preferred, I wouldn't mind changing the specification
> accordingly.

I would prefer the more fine grained point compression values

>>>5.3  Server Certificate
> 
> 
>>>   The server constructs an appropriate certificate chain and conveys it
>>>   to the client in the Certificate message.  If the client has used a
>>>   Supported Elliptic Curves Extension, the public key in the server's
>>>   certificate MUST respect the client's choice of elliptic curves; in
>>>   particular, the public key MUST employ a named curve (not the same
>>>   curve as an explicit curve) unless the client has indicated support
>>>   for explicit curves of the appropriate type.  If the client has used
>>>   a Supported Point Formats Extension, both the server's public key
>>>   point and (in the case of an explicit curve) the curve's base point
> 
> 
>>every ec point appearing in the cert chain must adhere to the supported
>>point format and not only the public key and the generator of the server
>>certificate (otherwise the client might be unable to verify the cert chain).
> 
> 
> I am aware of the possible certificate chain verification problem.
> The specification is meant to guarantee that the key exchange can
> proceed without problems, but not necessarily that certificate
> verification is always possible. 

if the cert verification fails a successful key exchange isn't that
useful

> Keep in mind that certificate
> verification can fail due to other reasons, notably due to an unknown
> root CA, or various features present in X.509 certificates (such as
> unknown extensions that are tagged critical).  We cannot avoid all of
> these problems in general.

of course not, but if the client/server explicitly states that it
can handle only certain point compression format wouldn't it make
sense to use this information for the cert validation as well ?

Nils

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On Tue, Apr 19, 2005 at 09:43:36PM -0600, Bodo Moeller wrote:

> Backward compatibility would be no problem: Protocol version
> negotiation can decide which MAC to use, just like SSL 3.0
> ciphersuites uses a slightly different MAC construction than the same
> ciphersuites in TLS 1.0.  (This time, the difference would be more
> significant.)  Those who want to totally avoid SHA-1 would have to
> insist on the appropriate minimum protocol version.

But if I feel that SHA-1 is fine with HMAC (which I do given the current
results), and don't want the space and computational overhead of something like
SHA-256 (I don't think it actually matters that much but some people seem to),
I'm stuck using an older protocol version forever. We already have a mechanism
which allows the two parties to negotiate which algorithms they would prefer to
use, why not use that instead of overloading the protocol version when it's not
necessary? If the ciphersuite system is really so broken that it's such a
burden to add a set of 10-15 new ciphersuites which use SHA-256 for the HMAC, I
think that is something which should be examined.

-Jack

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On Wed, Apr 20, 2005 at 08:53:00AM -0600, Jack Lloyd wrote:
> On Tue, Apr 19, 2005 at 09:43:36PM -0600, Bodo Moeller wrote:

>> Backward compatibility would be no problem: Protocol version
>> negotiation can decide which MAC to use, just like SSL 3.0
>> ciphersuites uses a slightly different MAC construction than the same
>> ciphersuites in TLS 1.0.  (This time, the difference would be more
>> significant.)  Those who want to totally avoid SHA-1 would have to
>> insist on the appropriate minimum protocol version.

> But if I feel that SHA-1 is fine with HMAC (which I do given the current
> results), and don't want the space and computational overhead of something like
> SHA-256 (I don't think it actually matters that much but some people seem to),
> I'm stuck using an older protocol version forever.

Only if the future protocol version really switches to SHA-256.  I did
not mean to imply that this is what will definitely happen.  Future
TLS versions may use an entirely different, and possibly much more
efficient, technique for message authentication (such as something
based on universal hashing).

>                                                    We already have a mechanism
> which allows the two parties to negotiate which algorithms they would prefer to
> use, why not use that instead of overloading the protocol version when it's not
> necessary? If the ciphersuite system is really so broken that it's such a
> burden to add a set of 10-15 new ciphersuites which use SHA-256 for the HMAC, I
> think that is something which should be examined.

An alternative to using the protocol version or the ciphersuite would
be a new TLS extension for hash algorithm negotiation.  And of course,
defining new versions of the existing ciphersuites still remains a
possibility if this is deemed advantageous.  There are many options
for how to proceed, and as we don't have to rush away from SHA-1 HMAC,
it's really above all about keeping the options open for now.


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To: Nils Larsch <nlarsch@gmx.net>
Subject: Re: [TLS] WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-ecc
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On Wed, Apr 20, 2005 at 11:42:31AM +0200, Nils Larsch wrote:
> Bodo Moeller wrote:

>> The practical value surely is very limited; support for hybrid format
>> is mostly for completeness, given existing standards that allow it.

> with the same reasoning one could include curves with normal basis,
> but I guess no one really wants this

The difference is that normal basis representations would require
additional type specifications and explanations in the ECC-TLS
specification.  For hybrid format, it's just about saying how parties
can negotiate this format if they want; so the additional complexity
to the specification is marginal, given that the actual point format
is defined elsewhere.  (And hybrid format is purely optional, so the
additional effort for implementors is marginal too.)

What do others think on this?


>>>>  A client that prefers the use of the ansiX962_compressed format over
>>>>  uncompressed may indicate that preference by including an extension
>>>>  consisting of the following octets:
>>>>
>>>>       00 ?? 00 03 02 01 00

>>> this is somewhat problematic: for example openssl (0.9.8-dev) should
>>> support every of the above mentioned named curves and it can handle
>>> compressed points for GF(p) as well (as the point compression algorithm
>>> for characteristic 2 is patented point compression for GF(2^m) curves is
>>> disabled by default in openssl). But there's no way in express this using
>>> the above extensions: one can either list every supported curve and offer
>>> no point compression or restrict the list of curves to "prime"-curves and
>>> offer point compression.

>> Yes, I am aware of this restriction.  My reason for keeping the
>> ECPointFormat type as above was that generally the default format,
>> uncompressed, is a very good choice anyway (it means just a few more
>> bytes and its use can usually save some computation time), and that
>> the restriction keeps the protocol a little simpler and the TLS
>> extensions a little shorter.

> yep, but the price for this is that point compression is nearly
> useless for open source software

But would you actually want to *use* point compression in the
handshake, or would you use the uncompressed format as the preferred
option anyway?

I can see some scenarios where this complication could become a
problem: A client supporting both prime fields and characteristic-2
fields talks to a server using an ECC certificate involving a prime
field, with a point given in compressed coordinates.  If the client
supports point compression only for prime fields, it cannot let the
server know that it does support point compression at all (because the
current extension would also imply point compression support for
characteristic-2 curves).  So no ECC handshake would be possible.

Hopefully, such scenarios wouldn't really occur in practice (why use a
server certificate with point compression in the first place?).  But
adapting the protocol to this possibility may still be a good idea.

>> Point formats other than uncompressed are most likely to be of use in
>> closed environments, e.g. to accommodate specific certificates.  In

> I doubt that extensions are necessary in this case at all (as all
> parameters, like point compression, are fixed)

For such scenarios, the extensions would be used to find out that the
current handshake is indeed taking place between parties that conform
to the agreement from the close group.  (The same client may also
connect to outside servers, switching to RSA if necessary; or a server
may also have connections from outside clients.)

But it is certainly true that more fine-grained ECPointFormat values
could be useful for such connections as well:

>>     uncompressed,
>>     ansiX962_compressed_prime,
>>     anxiX962_compressed_char2,
>>     ansiX962_hybrid_prime,
>>     ansiX962_hybrid_char2
>>
>> ?  This would't be too complicated either.  And, possibly more
>> importantly, this set of possibilities would be easier to explain :-)
>>
>> If this is preferred, I wouldn't mind changing the specification
>> accordingly.

> I would prefer the more fine grained point compression values

OK.  Does anyone else have an opinion on this?



>>>> 5.3  Server Certificate

>> I am aware of the possible certificate chain verification problem.
>> The specification is meant to guarantee that the key exchange can
>> proceed without problems, but not necessarily that certificate
>> verification is always possible. 

> if the cert verification fails a successful key exchange isn't that
> useful

This depends.  Sometimes verification is just about granting
additional rights: If authentication fails, the other party can still
get some business done, just with limitations.  (E.g., SMTP servers
will accept mail to local recipients from any sender; only mail
relaying requires successful authentication.)


>> Keep in mind that certificate
>> verification can fail due to other reasons, notably due to an unknown
>> root CA, or various features present in X.509 certificates (such as
>> unknown extensions that are tagged critical).  We cannot avoid all of
>> these problems in general.

> of course not, but if the client/server explicitly states that it
> can handle only certain point compression format wouldn't it make
> sense to use this information for the cert validation as well ?

If the other party has options in building the certificate chain, then
nothing in the specification prevents it from using this information.
But if it does not have such options, then sending a chain where the
root CA certificate or an intermediate CA certificate violates the
constraints does not main that verification is doomed to fail!  The
verifying party will not be able to use these particular certificates
for verification, due to its limitations.  However, it is possible
that the verifying party directly trusts a non-root CA occuring in the
chain and thus does not have to bother to even look at the problematic
root and intermediate CA certificates.


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Pre-Shared Key Ciphersuites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
	Author(s)	: P. Eronen, H. Tschofenig
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tls-psk-08.txt
	Pages		: 18
	Date		: 2005-4-26
	
This document specifies three sets of new ciphersuites for the
   Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol to support authentication
   based on pre-shared keys.  These pre-shared keys are symmetric keys,
   shared in advance among the communicating parties.  The first set of
   ciphersuites uses only symmetric key operations for authentication.
   The second set uses a Diffie-Hellman exchange authenticated with a
   pre-shared key; and the third set combines public key authentication
   of the server with pre-shared key authentication of the client.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Thu Apr 28 17:04:47 2005
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Subject: [TLS] Some questions regarding PSK
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Hi all.

I have following questions regarding the PSK ciphersuites:

1. In chapter 3 is stated "the ServerKeyExchange message is always
sent even if no PSK identity hint is provided". But how to not provide 
a identity hint? 
- Is it then empty (length = 00 00)? If so, what is then the difference 
between an empty identity hint in pure PSK ciphersuites?
- Or is it an optional field? Then it may be better to flip the
order of the fields psk_identity_hint and public.

2. The ServerKeyExchange message in RSA_PSK is - in opposite to EXPORT_RSA
or DHE_RSA cipheruistes - not signed by the server's private key 
corresponding to the server certificate? Why? 
- For performance reasons on client side (no signature validation)?
- Or because it is not considered to be necessary since 
proof-of-private-key-possession is done by successfully decrypting the 
pre_master_secret?
- Or to prevent a RSA certificate that is to be used for signature
and encryption at the same time?
Maybe it's worth to spend some words on that.

3. Maybe it should be explicitly mentioned that for RSA_PSK ciphersuites
the keyEncipherment bit has to be set (see chapter "7.4.2. Server
certificate"
in RFC 2246).

Regards,
Markus

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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: markus.franke@siemens.com, tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Some questions regarding PSK
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"Franke, Markus" <markus.franke@siemens.com> writes:

>1. In chapter 3 is stated "the ServerKeyExchange message is always
>sent even if no PSK identity hint is provided". But how to not provide
>a identity hint?

I'd already complained about this weird requirement some time ago ("a 
message whose only purpose is to indicate that the page is intentionally 
left blank"), I thought this was fixed in more recent drafts but it 
seems like it's still there.  The same with the other comments, a few
months after the above I sent another comment:

  I have no idea what an "identity hint" could possibly be (the spec says 
  it's optional, but I'd have no idea what to put in there in any case).  
  If the field is used for something, what's it supposed to be used for?  
  If not, perhaps it should be dropped.

  (Hmm, and I'll repeat my earlier gripe that apart from its use to convey 
   this  unknown quantity, there's no need to send the server keyex at all.  
   In other  words in 99.99% of cases it's just going to be code and message 
   bloat).

Can we finally get this fixed, or how many more times does it have to be
brought up as a problem with the spec?  The solution is to make the
ServerKeyExchange optional (it's not needed in 99.99% of cases), and explain 
what the identity hint is and how it's used.

Peter.

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Subject: RE: [TLS] Some questions regarding PSK
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Franke, Markus wrote:
>=20
> Hi all.
>=20
> I have following questions regarding the PSK ciphersuites:
>=20
> 1. In chapter 3 is stated "the ServerKeyExchange message is=20
> always sent even if no PSK identity hint is provided". But=20
> how to not provide a identity hint?=20
> - Is it then empty (length =3D 00 00)? If so, what is then=20
> the difference between an empty identity hint in pure PSK=20
> ciphersuites?
> - Or is it an optional field? Then it may be better to flip=20
> the order of the fields psk_identity_hint and public.

The field is defined as "opaque psk_identity<0..2^16-1>;" so
it's not optional. If there's no hint, it's left empty (length
0). (And yes, this means that application profile specs (see
Section 5.2) can't realistically treat "no hint" and
"zero-length hint" differently.)

> 2. The ServerKeyExchange message in RSA_PSK is - in opposite=20
> to EXPORT_RSA or DHE_RSA cipheruistes - not signed by the server's=20
> private key corresponding to the server certificate? Why?=20
> - For performance reasons on client side (no signature validation)?
> - Or because it is not considered to be necessary since=20
> proof-of-private-key-possession is done by successfully=20
> decrypting the pre_master_secret?
> - Or to prevent a RSA certificate that is to be used for signature
> and encryption at the same time?
> Maybe it's worth to spend some words on that.

RSA_PSK is based on the ordinary RSA ciphersuites that don't
sign anything either: they're based on RSA encryption, not
signatures.  (And all the handshake messages are MAC'd in the
Finished messages later).

> 3. Maybe it should be explicitly mentioned that for RSA_PSK=20
> ciphersuites the keyEncipherment bit has to be set (see chapter=20
> "7.4.2. Server certificate" in RFC 2246).

Ok, if we make another revision of the spec, we can mention
this explicitly.

Best regards,
Pasi


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Peter,

Your complaint about ServerKeyExchange being sent even when it
doesn't contain anything useful was already fixed in version -05
more than four months ago: Section 2 says that "If no hint is=20
provided, the ServerKeyExchange message is omitted."

Markus's comment was about Section 3 (DHE_PSK), where we cannot
omit the whole ServerKeyExchange message because it contains
more than just the hint (server DH parameters).

Newer versions also clarify what to do with the identity hint;
see Section 5.2 in -08 version.

Best regards,
Pasi

> -----Original Message-----
> From: tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
> Behalf Of ext Peter Gutmann
> Sent: Friday, April 29, 2005 6:50 AM
> To: markus.franke@siemens.com; tls@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [TLS] Some questions regarding PSK
>=20
>=20
> "Franke, Markus" <markus.franke@siemens.com> writes:
>=20
> > 1. In chapter 3 is stated "the ServerKeyExchange message is always
> > sent even if no PSK identity hint is provided". But how to=20
> > not provide a identity hint?
>=20
> I'd already complained about this weird requirement some time ago=20
> ("a message whose only purpose is to indicate that the page is=20
> intentionally left blank"), I thought this was fixed in more=20
> recent drafts but it seems like it's still there.  The same with=20
> the other comments, a few months after the above I sent another=20
> comment:
>=20
>   I have no idea what an "identity hint" could possibly be=20
>   (the spec says it's optional, but I'd have no idea what to=20
>   put in there in any case).  If the field is used for something,=20
>   what's it supposed to be used for? If not, perhaps it should=20
>   be dropped.
>=20
>   (Hmm, and I'll repeat my earlier gripe that apart from its=20
>   use to convey this  unknown quantity, there's no need to send=20
>   the server keyex at all. In other  words in 99.99% of cases=20
>   it's just going to be code and message bloat).
>=20
> Can we finally get this fixed, or how many more times does it=20
> have to be brought up as a problem with the spec?  The solution=20
> is to make the ServerKeyExchange optional (it's not needed in=20
> 99.99% of cases), and explain  what the identity hint is and=20
> how it's used.
>=20
> Peter.





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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com, pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz, tls@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [TLS] Some questions regarding PSK
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:

>Your complaint about ServerKeyExchange being sent even when it
>doesn't contain anything useful was already fixed in version -05
>more than four months ago: Section 2 says that "If no hint is
>provided, the ServerKeyExchange message is omitted."

Oh, sorry about that, from the message it had looked as if it was the 
same old thing coming up again.

Peter.

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