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Date: Mon, 06 Feb 2006 23:04:52 +0530
From: jimmy <jimmyb@huawei.com>
To: tls@ietf.org
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Subject: [TLS] empty trustedauthorities list
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Hi,

Is there a possible scenario when a client could send an empty 
TrustedAuthorities message, i.e., with 0 bytes of TrustedAuthority.


Thanks in advance,
jimmy

_______________________________________________
TLS mailing list
TLS@lists.ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls



From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Feb 06 12:52:26 2006
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From: Mohamad Badra <badra@enst.fr>
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To: jimmy <jimmyb@huawei.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] empty trustedauthorities list
References: <43E788BC.7080309@huawei.com>
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Hi Jimmy,

I think that you can use TrustAuthority extension which can be sent=20
empty (the client may include none, some, or all of the CA root keys=20
they possess in this extension)

      struct {
          TrustedAuthority trusted_authorities_list<0..2^16-1>;
      } TrustedAuthorities;

More details could be found in section 3.4 of RFC 3546.

Best regards,
Badra

jimmy a =E9crit:

> Hi,
>
> Is there a possible scenario when a client could send an empty=20
> TrustedAuthorities message, i.e., with 0 bytes of TrustedAuthority.
>
>
> Thanks in advance,
> jimmy
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>
>
>




_______________________________________________
TLS mailing list
TLS@lists.ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls



From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Feb 06 13:03:33 2006
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To: jimmy <jimmyb@huawei.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] empty trustedauthorities list
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This is a cryptographically signed message in MIME format.

--===============0356106816==
Content-Type: multipart/signed; protocol="application/x-pkcs7-signature";
	micalg=sha1; boundary="------------ms030601090209000409090901"

This is a cryptographically signed message in MIME format.

--------------ms030601090209000409090901
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

   The option to include no CA root keys is included to allow the client
   to indicate possession of some pre-defined set of CA root keys.


jimmy wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Is there a possible scenario when a client could send an empty 
> TrustedAuthorities message, i.e., with 0 bytes of TrustedAuthority.
>
>
> Thanks in advance,
> jimmy
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>
>


-- 
To verify the signature, see http://edelpki.edelweb.fr/ 
Cela vous permet de charger le certificat de l'autorité; 
die Liste mit zurückgerufenen Zertifikaten finden Sie da auch. 


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Feb 06 14:04:56 2006
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To: Sami Lehtinen <sjl@ssh.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] questions regarding draft-ietf-tls-rfc2246-bis-13.txt
References: <43C5FF00.5040704@ssh.com>
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
Date: Mon, 06 Feb 2006 11:04:25 -0800
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Sami Lehtinen <sjl@ssh.com> writes:

> Hello,
>
> In section 6.2.3.2. CBC block cipher:
>
>     The encrypted data length (TLSCiphertext.length) is one more than the
>     sum of TLSCompressed.length, CipherSpec.hash_size, and
>     padding_length.
>
> Should this be:
>
>     The encrypted data length (TLSCiphertext.length) is one more than the
>     sum of CipherSpec.block_length, TLSCompressed.length,
>            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>     CipherSpec.hash_size, and padding_length.
>
> to accommondate for the explicit IV?

I've reviewed this and I believe this is incorrect. You can form the
explicit IV by encrypting a non-explicit IV, but it's not properly
part of the ciphertext.

Best,
-Ekr

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Date: Tue, 07 Feb 2006 14:36:58 +0530
From: jimmy <jimmyb@huawei.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] empty trustedauthorities list
In-reply-to: <43E78D1D.1080507@edelweb.fr>
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Peter Sylvester wrote:
>   The option to include no CA root keys is included to allow the client
>   to indicate possession of some pre-defined set of CA root keys.
> 
> 
Is this the same as pre_agreed? In that case the list size is not '0'. 
Does list size '0' signify anything else?

> jimmy wrote:
>> Hi,
>>
>> Is there a possible scenario when a client could send an empty 
>> TrustedAuthorities message, i.e., with 0 bytes of TrustedAuthority.
>>
>>
>> Thanks in advance,
>> jimmy
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> TLS mailing list
>> TLS@lists.ietf.org
>> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>>
>>
> 
> 


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Thu Feb 09 12:53:36 2006
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Subject: [TLS] Please review draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-00.txt
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Dear TLS Working Group:

I am the co-author of this document.  If the TLS WG is interested in 
making this a WG work item, that is fine with me.  If not, I am also 
willing to see it progress as a standards-track individual 
submission.  Either way, I would really appreciate the TLS WG review 
and comment.

    http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-00.txt

Thanks,
   Russ


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Subject: Re: [TLS] questions regarding draft-ietf-tls-rfc2246-bis-13.txt
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> Sami Lehtinen <sjl@ssh.com> writes:
>>In section 6.2.3.2. CBC block cipher:
>>
>>    The encrypted data length (TLSCiphertext.length) is one more than the
>>    sum of TLSCompressed.length, CipherSpec.hash_size, and
>>    padding_length.
>>
>>Should this be:
>>
>>    The encrypted data length (TLSCiphertext.length) is one more than the
>>    sum of CipherSpec.block_length, TLSCompressed.length,
>>           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>>    CipherSpec.hash_size, and padding_length.
>>
>>to accommondate for the explicit IV?
> 
> 
> I've reviewed this and I believe this is incorrect. You can form the
> explicit IV by encrypting a non-explicit IV, but it's not properly
> part of the ciphertext.

So, in your opinion the explicit IV length is _not_ added to the 
TLSCiphertext.length?

Record layer implementation thus needs to take into account that we are 
running TLS1.1, have a block cipher (=> explicit IVs) and add 
CipherSpec.block_length (size of IV) to received record layer length 
when reading the record?

 From draft-ietf-tls-rfc2246-bis-13.txt:

        struct {
            ContentType type;
            ProtocolVersion version;
            uint16 length;
            select (CipherSpec.cipher_type) {
                case stream: GenericStreamCipher;
                case block: GenericBlockCipher;
            } fragment;
        } TLSCiphertext;

    [...]

    length
        The length (in bytes) of the following TLSCiphertext.fragment.
        The length may not exceed 2^14 + 2048.

and fragment is:

        block-ciphered struct {
            opaque IV[CipherSpec.block_length];
            opaque content[TLSCompressed.length];
            opaque MAC[CipherSpec.hash_size];
            uint8 padding[GenericBlockCipher.padding_length];
            uint8 padding_length;
        } GenericBlockCipher;

To me, `length' specification above reads as "length = 
sizeof(GenericBlockCipher)", which would include the size of the IV.

-- 
sjl@ssh.com

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Sat Feb 18 15:53:18 2006
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I'm starting to write up the first draft of TLS 1.2 and it's
seeming increasingly weird that we have a bunch of essentially
core stuff that's not in the main TLS document. In particular:

- Extensions (required for certificate algorithm signalling)
- AES support

Do people feel this stuff should be merged into the main document?

Thanks,
-Ekr


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Subject: RE: [TLS] Spec integration for TLS 1.2?
Date: Sat, 18 Feb 2006 21:03:50 -0000
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I'm in favor of including the two elements you mention.

Mark



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
> Sent: 18 February 2006 20:53
> To: tls@ietf.org
> Subject: [TLS] Spec integration for TLS 1.2?
> 
> 
> I'm starting to write up the first draft of TLS 1.2 and it's
> seeming increasingly weird that we have a bunch of essentially
> core stuff that's not in the main TLS document. In particular:
> 
> - Extensions (required for certificate algorithm signalling)
> - AES support
> 
> Do people feel this stuff should be merged into the main document?
> 
> Thanks,
> -Ekr
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
> 

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Subject: [TLS] Another potential error in TLS 1.1 (Auth 48)
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Section 4.7 reads:

   In RSA signing, a 36-byte structure of two hashes (one SHA and one
   MD5) is signed (encrypted with the private key). It is encoded with
   PKCS #1 block type 0 or type 1 as described in [PKCS1].

As far as I know, everyone uses block type 1, and this is just
an error. Does anyone object to changing this to read 
"block type 1" in the Auth 48 edits?

-Ekr

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Subject: Re: [TLS] Spec integration for TLS 1.2? 
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In message <20060218205431.923E622241D@laser.networkresonance.com>, Eric Rescor
la writes:
>I'm starting to write up the first draft of TLS 1.2 and it's
>seeming increasingly weird that we have a bunch of essentially
>core stuff that's not in the main TLS document. In particular:
>
>- Extensions (required for certificate algorithm signalling)
>- AES support
>
>Do people feel this stuff should be merged into the main document?
>
Absolutely.

		--Steven M. Bellovin, http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~smb



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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Sat Feb 18 16:40:05 2006
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Subject: [TLS] The TLS PRF
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People will recall that the current TLS PRF uses HMAC_MD5 and HMAC_SHA1
in tandem. In [BR05], Steve and I recommended that this be amended to
solely use HMAC_X where X is the hash algorithm defined as the hash
function negotiated for the cipher suite. This has three major
difficulties:

1. The TLS PRF is different from the one specified in NIST SP 800-56
   S 5.8.1. The TLS PRF is approved only for parameter sets 
   FA and EA, which themselves are only approved up to 2010.

2. The TLS PRF depends on a hash function and so can't be used
   with MAC algorithms that are not hash-based. So, for instance,
   you couldn't use CCM or GCM mode. (Note that this is an issue
   with the 800-56 KDF as well).

3. You can't use it with algorithm suites that define their own
   KDF, such as GOST and potentially Suite B.


In some sense these are separable problems.  I think clearly we need to
specify a standard TLS KDF (and note that we also use the PRF in
Finished), so that at least that KDF can be usable by all of the
ciphersuites we currently have.  And the recommendation to use
the ciphersuite-negotiated hash function still seems sound.
So, that leaves us with three questions:

1. Should the Hash-based PRF be based on the current PRF or NIST
   800-56? 

2. Should we define a standard non-Hash-based PRF? Where would
   we get it from? If not, what PRF should be used with GCM/CCM/etc.?

3. Should we allow the negotiation of ciphersuite-specific PRFs?

Can we get some discussion this issue please?

-Ekr





    

   


   


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Sat Feb 18 20:31:27 2006
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Subject: [TLS] Re: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension' to Proposed
	Standard
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BACKGROUND
This document describes an extension to TLS which allows the client to
give the server a hint (the User Principal Name) about which directory
entry to look up in order to verify the client's identity.

This works as follows:
1. The client offers the extension (called UME) in the 
   ClientHello message. 
2. The server accepts the extension.
3. The client sends the new HandshakeType to the server
   before sending its Certificate message.

The packet flow looks like this (cut-and-pasted from the draft):

      Client                                               Server

      ClientHello
       /* with user_mapping ext */ -------->

                                                      ServerHello
                                      /* with user-mapping ext */
                                                     Certificate*
                                               ServerKeyExchange*
                                              CertificateRequest*
                                   <--------      ServerHelloDone

-->   UserMappingDataList  
      Certificate*
      ClientKeyExchange
      CertificateVerify*
      [ChangeCipherSpec]
      Finished                     -------->
                                               [ChangeCipherSpec]
                                   <--------             Finished
      Application Data             <------->     Application Data

New handshake message marked by --> on the left.

This document was presented to the TLS WG in Vancouver and there was
only a very small amount of interest. The authors posted the -00 version
of their draft on January 10. Some minor comments were made by a single
WG member and these were addressed. The authors asked for a preliminary
code point assignment on January 14.  I provided a number of technical
comments (including suggesting an alternate approach, described below)
at that time, but was told that the implementation was already too far
along to be changed significantly.

Since the IETF would not have change control, this is an inappropriate
work item for the TLS WG and therefore the authors appear to have
decided on an Individual Submission. The reason for the intended status
of Proposed Standard is that this extension defines a new Handshake Type
and the TLS WG has decided that new Handshake Types require a Standards
Action (See S 7.4 of draft-ietf-tls-rfc2246-13, in RFC-Ed queue).

Contrary to the the Last Call announcement, the comments I raised
originally have not been addressed--except to be told they weren't
possible. For the reasons indicated below, I believe this document
should not be advanced to Proposed Standard as-is.


REVIEW COMMENTS
The obvious design here would simply be to place the information
in the UserMappingDataList (UMDL) message directly in the ClientHello
extension. The draft argues that this is bad for the following
reason:

   The reason the mapping data itself is not placed in the extension
   portion of the ClientHello is to prevent broadcasting this
   information to servers that don't understand the extension.
   Additionally, if new mapping information were to be considered
   confidential, the addition of a new handshake message allows the data
   to be encrypted using the servers public key.

   No other modifications to the protocol are required. The messages are
   detailed in the following sections.

This is unconvincing for a number of reasons. First, TLS handles the
case where an extension is not understood just fine. It's ignored. Since
the extension appears to be less than 100 bytes, there's no performance
issue.

The authors suggest that there is a security issue:

   As the client is the initiator of this TLS extension, it needs to
   determine when it is appropriate to send the User Mapping
   Information. It may not be prudent to broadcast this information to
   just any server at any time, as it can reveal network infrastructure
   the client and server are using.

      - The client SHOULD only send the UserMappingDataList handshake
        message if it is agreed upon in the Hello exchange, preventing
        the information from being sent to a server that doesn't
        understand the User Mapping Extension.

      - The client SHOULD further only send this information if the
        server belongs to a domain to which the client intends to
        authenticate using the UPN as identifier.

However, the second piece of information (the domain name of the server)
is generally available to the client prior to the connection initiation,
since it's used to look up the server's address. So, the client could
decide whether to send the UMDL data prior to handshake initiation.

One difference here is that the client now has the server's certificate
and that certificate could potentially contain some X.509 Extension that
indicated that the server was authorized to receive the UMDL
data. However, this is of very limited security value because in the
static RSA modes which are common with SSL/TLS, the server has not
proved possession of the corresponding private key at this point in the
handshake. Note that this draft does not describe any such extension.

An attacker who wished to impersonate the server in order to capture the
UMDL would be able to do so with a simple replay/cut-and-paste
attack. Moreover, because the UMDL is sent in the clear (the draft
claims that it could be encrypted but provides no facility for doing
so) any passive attacker can capture the UMDL by observing a single
handshake.	

At best this strategy stops the client from inadvertantly sending the
UMDL to a server which it *thinks* should support it (because it's
got the right domain name) but which actually doesn't (perhaps because
it's broken?). This seems to be of extremely limited value.


AN ALTERNATE DESIGN
There is an alternate design which has superior security properties
and does not involve defining a new HandshakeType. 

1. Do an ordinary TLS handshake without offering UME.
2. Initiate a TLS rehandshake and send the UMDL in an extension
   in the ClientHello.

Because the second TLS handshake is conducted over the TLS session
established in step (1), the entire UMDL extension exchange is
protected. A passive attacker cannot capture the UMDL data and an active
attacker cannot impersonate the server and force the transmission of the
UMDL. 

This approach has two (modest) drawbwacks.

1. It is slower because it requires two handshakes.
2. The client may have to authenticate twice (this is a special
   case of (1)).

The second case can be easily ameliorated by having the client send an
extension (empty UME?) in the first handshake as a signal that it wants
to do UMDL and that the server should hold off on demanding client
authentication until the rehandshake happens.

The performance issue is quite modest with modern servers.  Indeed, it's
quite common for web servers to do a first handshake without cert-based
client auth and then rehandshake with client auth if the client asks for
a sensitive page.

Note: there is an alternate design in which you do a client auth in the
first handshake and then do a resumption in the second one but do
UME. This is rather faster, both in terms of computation and round trips
but is technically precluded by S 2.3 of RFC3546 which requires ignoring
extensions if you do a resume. One could imagine relaxing this
restriction but that hasn't been done yet.

Note also that if the client isn't worried about the sensitivity of the
UMDL, then it can simply offer the UME extension with a UMDL in the
first handshake and skip the second handshake.

Another (hacky) approach would be for the client to probe the server
with an initial ClientHello (and no UME) and then abort the handshake
and restart if it decides that it likes the server and wants to do
UME. This would have equivalent security properties to this draft at the
cost of a single round trip.

SUMMARY
The technique described in this document appears to be of limited
usefulness. In particular, the lack of confidentiality for the
UMDL is a big limitation in extending it to other applications
than the one envisioned by Microsoft. There are alternate designs
which don't have those limitations and don't involve allocating a
new HandshakeType value. This document should not advance as a
Proposed Standard.

-Ekr













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To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>,tls@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Spec integration for TLS 1.2?
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Consolidation seems highly desirable to me.

Russ

At 03:53 PM 2/18/2006, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>I'm starting to write up the first draft of TLS 1.2 and it's
>seeming increasingly weird that we have a bunch of essentially
>core stuff that's not in the main TLS document. In particular:
>
>- Extensions (required for certificate algorithm signalling)
>- AES support
>
>Do people feel this stuff should be merged into the main document?
>
>Thanks,
>-Ekr
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>TLS mailing list
>TLS@lists.ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


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In message <20060219013238.779CC22241D@laser.networkresonance.com>, Eric Rescor
la writes:

>
>Since the IETF would not have change control, this is an inappropriate
>work item for the TLS WG and therefore the authors appear to have
>decided on an Individual Submission. The reason for the intended status
>of Proposed Standard 

Do we have a process issue here?  Can we have a Proposed Standard
without the IETF having change control?  (2026 speaks of change control 
only in the context of a WG.)

		--Steven M. Bellovin, http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~smb



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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: ekr@networkresonance.com, tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] The TLS PRF
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Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> writes:

>Can we get some discussion this issue please?

There's a great quote from "The Inmates Are Running the Asylum": Geeks will
repeatedly fix what isn't broken until it is.

Why is the TLS PRF broken?  What's the pressing need for (say) a PRF that we
can build with GCM?  Is it because it's trendy?  Do we need more features for
a marketing checklist?

The current PRF has been around for 10 years, and in that time the only real
argument against it has been that it doesn't meet someone's taste in fashion
(e.g. the GOST case).  It's not broken, and doesn't show any sign of ever
being broken, let's leave the poor thing alone.

Peter.

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pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann) writes:

> Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> writes:
>
>>Can we get some discussion this issue please?
>
> There's a great quote from "The Inmates Are Running the Asylum": Geeks will
> repeatedly fix what isn't broken until it is.
>
> Why is the TLS PRF broken?  What's the pressing need for (say) a PRF that we
> can build with GCM?  Is it because it's trendy?  Do we need more features for
> a marketing checklist?
>
> The current PRF has been around for 10 years, and in that time the only real
> argument against it has been that it doesn't meet someone's taste in fashion
> (e.g. the GOST case).  It's not broken, and doesn't show any sign of ever
> being broken, let's leave the poor thing alone.

Hmmm... I thought I explained myself clearly the first time, but
apparently not.

In TLS 1.2 we're attempting to replace the hardwired MD5/SHA-1
PRF with one that is not hardwired. The natural proposal is to
use the hash function that corresponds to the HMAC used for
message integrity. But if you're not using HMAC for message
integrity (say because you're using GCM) then there's no
obvious choice.

-Ekr




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Steve & Eric:

The document that is in Last Call gives the IETF complete change 
control.  There is no process issue.

Russ

At 10:32 PM 2/18/2006, Steven M. Bellovin wrote:
>In message <20060219013238.779CC22241D@laser.networkresonance.com>, 
>Eric Rescor
>la writes:
>
> >
> >Since the IETF would not have change control, this is an inappropriate
> >work item for the TLS WG and therefore the authors appear to have
> >decided on an Individual Submission. The reason for the intended status
> >of Proposed Standard
>
>Do we have a process issue here?  Can we have a Proposed Standard
>without the IETF having change control?  (2026 speaks of change control
>only in the context of a WG.)
>
>                 --Steven M. Bellovin, http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~smb


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From: Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Spec integration for TLS 1.2?
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On Sat 18 Feb 2006 21:53, Eric Rescorla wrote:

> - Extensions (required for certificate algorithm signalling)
> - AES support
> Do people feel this stuff should be merged into the main document?

Yes, I believe there is no reason for these to be defined in a separate
document.


-- 
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos

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I misunderstood the original question.  I'll get it fixed or withdraw 
the Last Call.

Russ


At 12:38 AM 2/19/2006, Bill Fenner wrote:

> >Can we have a Proposed Standard
> >without the IETF having change control?
>
>No.  RFC3978 says, in section 5.2 where it describes the derivative
>works limitation that's present in draft-santesson-tls-ume, "These
>notices may not be used with any standards-track document".
>
>   Bill


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To: ekr@networkresonance.com, pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz
Subject: Re: [TLS] The TLS PRF
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Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> writes:

>Hmmm... I thought I explained myself clearly the first time, but apparently
>not.

You did, but... well, let me paraphrase your question as I understood it :-),
and the same for my response.

Question: Here are a bunch of hypothetical scenarios under which someone, if
  they really wanted to be awkward, could claim the current PRF offends their
  fashion sense.  Should we accomodate them, or tell them to get a life?

Response: The current PRF has stood the test of time, implementing other PRFs
  is a major implementation and interop headache (especially if we were to get
  a combinatorial explosion of PRFs that all need interop testing with each
  other), and there's no technical reason to introduce more of them.
  Specifically, no-one would be prevented from being able to create a secure
  TLS implementation using the current PRF.  Tell 'em to get a life - let's
  solve real problems like the (critical) secure phishing problem before we
  start debating which colour to re-paint the (completely noncritical) PRF.

Peter.

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pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann) writes:

> Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> writes:
>
>>Hmmm... I thought I explained myself clearly the first time, but apparently
>>not.
>
> You did, but... well, let me paraphrase your question as I understood it :-),
> and the same for my response.
>
> Question: Here are a bunch of hypothetical scenarios under which someone, if
>   they really wanted to be awkward, could claim the current PRF offends their
>   fashion sense.  Should we accomodate them, or tell them to get a life?

Yeah, well, that's the problem here. The scenarios aren't hypothetical,
or I wouldn't have raised them.

Let's just focus on one for the moment.

1. We're planning to replace the HMAC/MD5 PRF with one that's based
   on the hash used in the cipher suite HMAC.
2. People have requested the addition of non-HMAC-based cipher suites.

These two together create a conflict that needs to be resolved somehow.

Now, your response could be (at least) one of:
1. Don't replace HMAC/MD5 combo with something else.
2. Don't add non-HMAC-based cipher suites.
3. Somehow specify a way to use the TLS PRF with case (2), e.g.
   by specifying a PRF hash in the cipher suite.
4. Specify a new PRF.

Now, I believe there's rough consensus to do task (1), so that
precludes response (1). Task (2) is in our charter, so that
precludes response (2)--which leaves us with at least some
task to do to make this work. 

You could of course argue about either of these points and attempt to
establish an alternative consensus, but just telling people to get a
life doesn't really get the job done. As for the issue of phishing,
I agree that that's a problem, but it's not the TLS WG's problem,
so complaining that we're working on something else makes about
as much sense as complaining that we're not working on a cure for 
HIV.

-Ekr


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Greetings!

On Mon, 20 Feb 2006, Peter Gutmann wrote:

> The current PRF has been around for 10 years, and in that time the only real
> argument against it has been that it doesn't meet someone's taste in fashion
> (e.g. the GOST case).  It's not broken, and doesn't show any sign of ever
> being broken, let's leave the poor thing alone.

In Russia we have to implement GOST-based PRF because of our goverment
restrictions. So leaving current PRF hard-coded will leave some our
problems with us...

-- 
SY, Dmitry Belyavsky (ICQ UIN 11116575)


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Bill Strahm wrote:
>=20
> I saw all of the huff, and while I agree with it, I am more=20
> concerned about
>=20
> Appendix A. IPR Disclosure
>=20
>     TBD
>=20
> What does that mean, and more specifically is a document with a=20
> TBD section really ready for last call at all ?

RFC 3979 Section 11 title says it all: "No IPR Disclosures in IETF=20
Documents" -- so this section needs to be removed.

But the "TBD" part probably means the authors were in the process=20
of finding out exactly where and how IPRs should be disclosed.
It looks like they've now figured it out:

https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?&ipr_id=3D688

Best regards,
Pasi

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Feb 20 11:54:01 2006
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Date: Mon, 20 Feb 2006 11:53:50 -0500
From: "Tim Dierks" <tim@dierks.org>
To: EKR <ekr@networkresonance.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] The TLS PRF
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The design goal of the original SSL3 PRF was to be more secure than
any single ciphersuite's hashing algorithm. This was necessary because
otherwise, any vulnerable ciphersuite supported by both sides allows a
MITM to downgrade the handshake to the vulnerable ciphersuite. As
things are at the moment, even if you had a crack on MD5, you couldn't
leverage it to keep two parties from negotiating AES/SHA1, even if
they both also supported RC4/MD5. If we reduce the PRF to using the
hash from the negotiated cipher suite, this will no longer be true.

What's the rationale for replacing the current PRF with a ciphersuite-based=
 one?

 - Tim

On 2/20/06, Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> wrote:
> pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann) writes:
>
> > Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> writes:
> >
> >>Hmmm... I thought I explained myself clearly the first time, but appare=
ntly
> >>not.
> >
> > You did, but... well, let me paraphrase your question as I understood i=
t :-),
> > and the same for my response.
> >
> > Question: Here are a bunch of hypothetical scenarios under which someon=
e, if
> >   they really wanted to be awkward, could claim the current PRF offends=
 their
> >   fashion sense.  Should we accomodate them, or tell them to get a life=
?
>
> Yeah, well, that's the problem here. The scenarios aren't hypothetical,
> or I wouldn't have raised them.
>
> Let's just focus on one for the moment.
>
> 1. We're planning to replace the HMAC/MD5 PRF with one that's based
>    on the hash used in the cipher suite HMAC.
> 2. People have requested the addition of non-HMAC-based cipher suites.
>
> These two together create a conflict that needs to be resolved somehow.
>
> Now, your response could be (at least) one of:
> 1. Don't replace HMAC/MD5 combo with something else.
> 2. Don't add non-HMAC-based cipher suites.
> 3. Somehow specify a way to use the TLS PRF with case (2), e.g.
>    by specifying a PRF hash in the cipher suite.
> 4. Specify a new PRF.
>
> Now, I believe there's rough consensus to do task (1), so that
> precludes response (1). Task (2) is in our charter, so that
> precludes response (2)--which leaves us with at least some
> task to do to make this work.
>
> You could of course argue about either of these points and attempt to
> establish an alternative consensus, but just telling people to get a
> life doesn't really get the job done. As for the issue of phishing,
> I agree that that's a problem, but it's not the TLS WG's problem,
> so complaining that we're working on something else makes about
> as much sense as complaining that we're not working on a cure for
> HIV.
>
> -Ekr
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>

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Eric,

Thank you for your feedback.  Below are the problems that I see with the
alternative proposals that you suggested when compared to the approach
taken in the current draft:

1)	Proposal 1:  Send the user mapping extension in the initial
Client Hello (as data along with the extension value).

	a) Problem: Privacy/Lack of user consent in information
disclosure.  The UPN sent in the user extension, uniquely identifies a
principal - something that users concerned with preserving their privacy
may object to (i.e., the large majority of SSL sites are server side
auth only; the user was anonymous and now the user is identified by the
UPN).

To mitigate this problem to some extent (as I think you pointed out),
the client can be configured to only send the user mapping information
to some subset of servers (e.g., based on domain names).  However, this
completely lacks end user consent.  The user's principal name will be
automatically sent to every SSL server in the above list (as configured
by admin) - even if the user does not wish to be identified to the
target server (in SSL sessions with server side auth only and mutual
auth).

In contrast, if the mapping extension is sent on the third leg before
the certificate msg (as it is in the current draft), the user has the
option to bail out of client auth and not disclose the UPN or any data
in the cert (e.g., by not typing the pin for the smartcard).

	b) Problem: Performance.  In your email you stated that the
UserMapping extension is likely to be around ~ 100 bytes and that's
negligible and thus it is ok to send in the initial ClientHello msg -
even if the server does not need it as is the case for server side auth
only TLS connections.

I disagree.  As you know TLS is used in many different scenarios, for
example:  EAP/TLS  (RFC http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2716.txt) is used for
Radius, wireless 802.1x, RAS (dial up), etc.  The MTU in EAP is 1600
bytes.  Thus even 100 bytes can cause additional fragmentation causing
additional latency for RAS (consider dial up across geographically
dispersed end points).  Furthermore, per the current draft the
userMapping structure can be extended, to carry multiple user mapping
hints, thus causes further degradation in this scenario ...

2)	Proposal 2: =20
	1. Do an ordinary TLS handshake without offering UME.
	2. Initiate a TLS rehandshake and send the UMDL in an extension
in the ClientHello.

This is essentially saying that the current extensibility mechanism in
TLS is broken and that the userMapping extension in contrast to all
other extension requires to 2 handshakes instead of one.   The method
that you are proposing is inconsistent with the approach used for every
other TLS extension. =20

>From a performance standpoint, proposal 2 is still a bad choice.  You
stated that "The performance issue is quite modest with modern servers".
While servers are getting faster, user load tends to follow suit;
furthermore, this proposal costs additional latency.  In contrast, the
approach used in the current draft does not suffer from these problems.=20

Regards,

-Ari

-----Original Message-----
From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]=20
Sent: Saturday, February 18, 2006 5:31 PM
To: ietf@ietf.org
Cc: tls@ietf.org; iesg@ietf.org
Subject: [TLS] Re: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension' to
ProposedStandard

BACKGROUND
This document describes an extension to TLS which allows the client to
give the server a hint (the User Principal Name) about which directory
entry to look up in order to verify the client's identity.

This works as follows:
1. The client offers the extension (called UME) in the=20
   ClientHello message.=20
2. The server accepts the extension.
3. The client sends the new HandshakeType to the server
   before sending its Certificate message.

The packet flow looks like this (cut-and-pasted from the draft):

      Client                                               Server

      ClientHello
       /* with user_mapping ext */ -------->

                                                      ServerHello
                                      /* with user-mapping ext */
                                                     Certificate*
                                               ServerKeyExchange*
                                              CertificateRequest*
                                   <--------      ServerHelloDone

-->   UserMappingDataList
      Certificate*
      ClientKeyExchange
      CertificateVerify*
      [ChangeCipherSpec]
      Finished                     -------->
                                               [ChangeCipherSpec]
                                   <--------             Finished
      Application Data             <------->     Application Data

New handshake message marked by --> on the left.

This document was presented to the TLS WG in Vancouver and there was
only a very small amount of interest. The authors posted the -00 version
of their draft on January 10. Some minor comments were made by a single
WG member and these were addressed. The authors asked for a preliminary
code point assignment on January 14.  I provided a number of technical
comments (including suggesting an alternate approach, described below)
at that time, but was told that the implementation was already too far
along to be changed significantly.

Since the IETF would not have change control, this is an inappropriate
work item for the TLS WG and therefore the authors appear to have
decided on an Individual Submission. The reason for the intended status
of Proposed Standard is that this extension defines a new Handshake Type
and the TLS WG has decided that new Handshake Types require a Standards
Action (See S 7.4 of draft-ietf-tls-rfc2246-13, in RFC-Ed queue).

Contrary to the the Last Call announcement, the comments I raised
originally have not been addressed--except to be told they weren't
possible. For the reasons indicated below, I believe this document
should not be advanced to Proposed Standard as-is.


REVIEW COMMENTS
The obvious design here would simply be to place the information in the
UserMappingDataList (UMDL) message directly in the ClientHello
extension. The draft argues that this is bad for the following
reason:

   The reason the mapping data itself is not placed in the extension
   portion of the ClientHello is to prevent broadcasting this
   information to servers that don't understand the extension.
   Additionally, if new mapping information were to be considered
   confidential, the addition of a new handshake message allows the data
   to be encrypted using the servers public key.

   No other modifications to the protocol are required. The messages are
   detailed in the following sections.

This is unconvincing for a number of reasons. First, TLS handles the
case where an extension is not understood just fine. It's ignored. Since
the extension appears to be less than 100 bytes, there's no performance
issue.

The authors suggest that there is a security issue:

   As the client is the initiator of this TLS extension, it needs to
   determine when it is appropriate to send the User Mapping
   Information. It may not be prudent to broadcast this information to
   just any server at any time, as it can reveal network infrastructure
   the client and server are using.

      - The client SHOULD only send the UserMappingDataList handshake
        message if it is agreed upon in the Hello exchange, preventing
        the information from being sent to a server that doesn't
        understand the User Mapping Extension.

      - The client SHOULD further only send this information if the
        server belongs to a domain to which the client intends to
        authenticate using the UPN as identifier.

However, the second piece of information (the domain name of the server)
is generally available to the client prior to the connection initiation,
since it's used to look up the server's address. So, the client could
decide whether to send the UMDL data prior to handshake initiation.

One difference here is that the client now has the server's certificate
and that certificate could potentially contain some X.509 Extension that
indicated that the server was authorized to receive the UMDL data.
However, this is of very limited security value because in the static
RSA modes which are common with SSL/TLS, the server has not proved
possession of the corresponding private key at this point in the
handshake. Note that this draft does not describe any such extension.

An attacker who wished to impersonate the server in order to capture the
UMDL would be able to do so with a simple replay/cut-and-paste attack.
Moreover, because the UMDL is sent in the clear (the draft claims that
it could be encrypted but provides no facility for doing
so) any passive attacker can capture the UMDL by observing a single
handshake.=09

At best this strategy stops the client from inadvertantly sending the
UMDL to a server which it *thinks* should support it (because it's got
the right domain name) but which actually doesn't (perhaps because it's
broken?). This seems to be of extremely limited value.


AN ALTERNATE DESIGN
There is an alternate design which has superior security properties and
does not involve defining a new HandshakeType.=20

1. Do an ordinary TLS handshake without offering UME.
2. Initiate a TLS rehandshake and send the UMDL in an extension
   in the ClientHello.

Because the second TLS handshake is conducted over the TLS session
established in step (1), the entire UMDL extension exchange is
protected. A passive attacker cannot capture the UMDL data and an active
attacker cannot impersonate the server and force the transmission of the
UMDL.=20

This approach has two (modest) drawbwacks.

1. It is slower because it requires two handshakes.
2. The client may have to authenticate twice (this is a special
   case of (1)).

The second case can be easily ameliorated by having the client send an
extension (empty UME?) in the first handshake as a signal that it wants
to do UMDL and that the server should hold off on demanding client
authentication until the rehandshake happens.

The performance issue is quite modest with modern servers.  Indeed, it's
quite common for web servers to do a first handshake without cert-based
client auth and then rehandshake with client auth if the client asks for
a sensitive page.

Note: there is an alternate design in which you do a client auth in the
first handshake and then do a resumption in the second one but do UME.
This is rather faster, both in terms of computation and round trips but
is technically precluded by S 2.3 of RFC3546 which requires ignoring
extensions if you do a resume. One could imagine relaxing this
restriction but that hasn't been done yet.

Note also that if the client isn't worried about the sensitivity of the
UMDL, then it can simply offer the UME extension with a UMDL in the
first handshake and skip the second handshake.

Another (hacky) approach would be for the client to probe the server
with an initial ClientHello (and no UME) and then abort the handshake
and restart if it decides that it likes the server and wants to do UME.
This would have equivalent security properties to this draft at the cost
of a single round trip.

SUMMARY
The technique described in this document appears to be of limited
usefulness. In particular, the lack of confidentiality for the UMDL is a
big limitation in extending it to other applications than the one
envisioned by Microsoft. There are alternate designs which don't have
those limitations and don't involve allocating a new HandshakeType
value. This document should not advance as a Proposed Standard.

-Ekr













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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Feb 21 04:43:30 2006
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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: ekr@networkresonance.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] The TLS PRF
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Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> writes:

>The scenarios aren't hypothetical, or I wouldn't have raised them.

I guess we'll just have to agree to disagree on this - it looks to me like a
bunch of artificial justifications to support messing with something that's
just fine as it is, but I guess you're seeing it differently.

>You could of course argue about either of these points and attempt to
>establish an alternative consensus, but just telling people to get a life
>doesn't really get the job done.

My comment was to leave things as they are.  The "get a life" (and emoticon)
were tongue-in-cheek.

>As for the issue of phishing, I agree that that's a problem, but it's not the
>TLS WG's problem, so complaining that we're working on something else makes
>about as much sense as complaining that we're not working on a cure for HIV.

Not phishing, secure phishing, i.e. use of TLS server authentication as part
of the phishing process.  I think building systems that make phishing easier
probably isn't a good idea, and that it'd be more productive to look at ways
of fixing this problem than to fiddle with random bits of the protocol that
work just fine as they are.  Again though I guess our opinions differ...

Peter.

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Subject: RE: [TLS] Re: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension' to
	ProposedStandard
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My personal comments about draft-santesson-tls-ume-01:

The draft defines an extension to TLS that allows the client to send
"user mapping" information to the TLS server. The server uses this
information to fetch authentication/authorization-related information
from a directory server.

The draft is quite similar to draft-housley-tls-authz-extns, which
allows sending X.509 attribute certificates and SAML assertions in
TLS. The main difference seems to be that we only send a pointer to
the authorization information (a bit like IKEv2, which supports
sending an URL of the certificate instead of the cert itself).  From a
purely technical point of view, it would probably make sense to merge
these drafts.  The tls-authz-extns draft does some details better:
e.g., the information is sent encrypted, and only after the server has
been authenticated.

The solution is also quite similar to the "client_certificate_url"
extension defined in RFC 3546 (the "User Principal Name" could be
considered as one type of certificate URL). Here even the placement
of the handshake messages is identical to tls-ume. Unfortunately,
it seems that sending both CertificateURL and Certificate handshake
messages is not allowed, complicating the situation.

However, it might be that process and timing issues make mergers
infeasible.  Also, the authors of draft-santesson-tls-ume seem to=20
be unwilling to make changes to the protocol.

About the technical details: In general, the solution seems to work,
and does not contain any serious flaws. I don't count sending the user
mapping information unencrypted as a serious flaw -- this information
is sent only when a client certificate is also sent, and the client
certificate is not encrypted either (unless the double-handshake hack
is used, in which case the user mapping information would be
encrypted, too).

It's probably not the most elegant design possible (see e.g. Eric
Rescorla's review).

However, I think we should clearly "distinguish between 'it won't
work' and 'it could/should work better'" (as Dave Crocker well put it
in one email). The document solves a real (but maybe not extremely
large or important) problem, and the solution works. That's better
than many documents these days...

Given these, I think this would be an excellent document for
Informational, especially if the title was changed to "Microsoft TLS
User Mapping Extension" to indicate that it's a proprietary extension
where the IETF community had no chance to change anything.  I also
think vendors should be encouraged to publish their extensions, even
if they are not perfect.

However, due to the IANA allocation rules in 2246bis, this draft is
being last called for standards track, and this is slightly more
problematic.

One observation is that the TLS allocation rules are quite strict, and
not always totally logical. "Specification Required" is sufficient to
get a ClientCertificateType number, and "IETF Consensus" gets you an
ExtensionType number. But many extensions (including this one, and
also some of the extensions in 3546bis) also require a handshake
message number, and thus Standards Track. Or in other words: the
degree of consensus and process required for a document that extends
TLS depends heavily on minor technical details, not on what the
extension actually does.

RFC 2026 also says that "A Proposed Standard specification is
generally stable, has resolved known design choices, is believed to be
well-understood, has received significant community review, and
appears to enjoy enough community interest to be considered valuable."

I don't think we're quite there yet with this document.

On the other hand, I also think that just refusing to publish this
document would be a highly unproductive approach. If the document
solves a reasonable problem, the solution works, and it looks likely
it will be widely deployed, I don't think preventing publication on
minor process details would exactly "make the Internet work better".

I'm not sure what would be the best way to handle this, though.  Merge
this with draft-housley-tls-authz-extns? Refine the technical details
so that it does not need a new handshake message number? (E.g., map the
UPN to an URL, and use the existing CertificateURL message?) Change the=20
IANA allocation rules for TLS? I don't have a strong opinion here...

Best regards,
Pasi

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Subject: Re: [TLS] The TLS PRF
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pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann) writes:

> Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> writes:
>
>>The scenarios aren't hypothetical, or I wouldn't have raised them.
>
> I guess we'll just have to agree to disagree on this - it looks to me like a
> bunch of artificial justifications to support messing with something that's
> just fine as it is, but I guess you're seeing it differently.

Obviously. But all you've done is assert it's just fine 
as it is, without actually explaining why these scenarios aren't
relevant, which really isn't that helpful. If you'd actually
bother to respond in detail, we might not have to agree to
disagree.


> Not phishing, secure phishing, i.e. use of TLS server authentication as part
> of the phishing process.  I think building systems that make phishing easier
> probably isn't a good idea, and that it'd be more productive to look at ways
> of fixing this problem than to fiddle with random bits of the protocol that
> work just fine as they are.  Again though I guess our opinions differ...

Do you have a proposal for a way to fix the problem that the TLS WG
should be working on? If not, I really don't see your point here.

-Ekr



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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Feb 21 16:44:49 2006
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Subject: Re: [TLS] The TLS PRF
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"Tim Dierks" <tim@dierks.org> writes:
> The design goal of the original SSL3 PRF was to be more secure than
> any single ciphersuite's hashing algorithm. This was necessary because
> otherwise, any vulnerable ciphersuite supported by both sides allows a
> MITM to downgrade the handshake to the vulnerable ciphersuite. As
> things are at the moment, even if you had a crack on MD5, you couldn't
> leverage it to keep two parties from negotiating AES/SHA1, even if
> they both also supported RC4/MD5. If we reduce the PRF to using the
> hash from the negotiated cipher suite, this will no longer be true.
>
> What's the rationale for replacing the current PRF with a
> ciphersuite-based one?

Well, for any of this to make sense you have to assume that 
there's some concern that there will be a useful preimage 
attack on one of the hash functions that might potentially
be in the PRF. At the moment all we know is that we're not
meeting the design goals on SHA-1 and MD5 which is a long
way from a preimage.

That said, consider the following scenario:

1. There's a useful preimage attack on SHA-1 and MD5. 
2. People convert to SHA-256 in their ciphersuite HMAC and
   turn off all non SHA-256 ciphersuites.
3. There are two ciphers of different strengths that both
   use SHA-256.

In this case, if we don't change the PRF you could downgrade
between those two ciphers. OTOH, if we do change the PRF, 
you could. I think it's realistic to argue that any compromise
in HMAC bad enough to implicate the PRF would also require people
to turn off that algorithm in their ciphersuites.

So, the motivation here is not to get stuck in that situation.
I agree that it's unlikely, but I see it as future-proofing.
Note, btw, that this exact issue was on my slides in Vancouver.


At a higher level, there are 5 major places where TLS uses
hashes:

- Cert signatures
- Record MACs

- PRF
- Digitally-signed operator
- Finished (also PRF)

Now, the record MACs negotiate just fine. And the cert signatures can
be done with an extension. So, that leaves the remaining three
choices, which all use MD5 and SHA-1 in tandem (with the exception of
with DSA). Do people feel we can leave those as-is? 

-Ekr



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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Feb 21 18:22:07 2006
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From: "Tim Dierks" <tim@dierks.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] The TLS PRF
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On 2/21/06, Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> wrote:
> "Tim Dierks" <tim@dierks.org> writes:
> > What's the rationale for replacing the current PRF with a
> > ciphersuite-based one?
>
> Well, for any of this to make sense you have to assume that
> there's some concern that there will be a useful preimage
> attack on one of the hash functions that might potentially
> be in the PRF. At the moment all we know is that we're not
> meeting the design goals on SHA-1 and MD5 which is a long
> way from a preimage.
>
> That said, consider the following scenario:
>
> 1. There's a useful preimage attack on SHA-1 and MD5.
> 2. People convert to SHA-256 in their ciphersuite HMAC and
>    turn off all non SHA-256 ciphersuites.
> 3. There are two ciphers of different strengths that both
>    use SHA-256.

For #1 to defeat any of the mechanisms, you need a single preimage
attack that works with both md5 and sha1, which, furthermore, can be
executed within the protocol constraints of TLS (although the latter
probably isn't too high of a bar).

I think #2 is unlikely to ever happen in practice. SSL 2 is still on
by default everywhere I'm familiar with.

On the other hand, if we make this switch, a preimage attack on any
supported hash which hasn't been disabled is sufficient to subvert the
handshake mechanism, and thus force you to use the subverted hash.

I'd prefer for us to replace the PRF with the best available hashing
system we've got rather than use the negotiated hash. And, in the
model of SSL3/TLS1, I'd use two disparate systems to try to avoid
single points of failure. For example, we could replace SHA-1 with
SHA-256 in the PRF. Furthermore, we could replace MD5 with another
hash which has a very different structure from SHA-256 (off the cuff,
and without any real knowledge, I'd consider using a hashing
construction built from AES).

 - Tim

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In message <aafe62bf0602211521u766cefe5j962d57a95d70a06f@mail.gmail.com>, "Tim 
Dierks" writes:

>I think #2 is unlikely to ever happen in practice. SSL 2 is still on
>by default everywhere I'm familiar with.
>

IE7 beta turns off SSL2 by default.

		--Steven M. Bellovin, http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~smb



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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: ekr@networkresonance.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] The TLS PRF
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Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> writes:
>pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann) writes:
>>Not phishing, secure phishing, i.e. use of TLS server authentication as part
>>of the phishing process.  I think building systems that make phishing easier
>>probably isn't a good idea, and that it'd be more productive to look at ways
>>of fixing this problem than to fiddle with random bits of the protocol that
>>work just fine as they are.  Again though I guess our opinions differ...
>
>Do you have a proposal for a way to fix the problem that the TLS WG should be
>working on? If not, I really don't see your point here.

I was suggesting that this might be a more productive (or more importantly,
far more pressing) area to focus our attention on.  Like (I would guess) most
people I've got various ideas on how this might be addressed, the main one
being to strongly promote a TLS-PSK -like mechanism (with mutual challenge-
response authentication built into the handshake) in place of certs (where you
connect to anything with a cert and then send the username and password to the
server completely unprotected).  What I was doing was trying to foster
discussion, not present some fait-accompli pre-packaged solution.

Peter.

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Feb 21 21:37:21 2006
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Tim:

Thanks for reminding us about the original design goal.  I think this 
is still an important consideration, but it is no longer the case I believe.

There is also a political consideration.  Presently, an exception is 
needed to use the TLS PRF in the US Government since it make use of a 
non-FIPS algorithm.  Similarly, the TLS PRF is not acceptable to the 
Russian Government since it makes use of a non-GOST document.

Russ

At 11:53 AM 2/20/2006, Tim Dierks wrote:
>The design goal of the original SSL3 PRF was to be more secure than
>any single ciphersuite's hashing algorithm. This was necessary because
>otherwise, any vulnerable ciphersuite supported by both sides allows a
>MITM to downgrade the handshake to the vulnerable ciphersuite. As
>things are at the moment, even if you had a crack on MD5, you couldn't
>leverage it to keep two parties from negotiating AES/SHA1, even if
>they both also supported RC4/MD5. If we reduce the PRF to using the
>hash from the negotiated cipher suite, this will no longer be true.
>
>What's the rationale for replacing the current PRF with a 
>ciphersuite-based one?
>
>  - Tim
>
>On 2/20/06, Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> wrote:
> > pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann) writes:
> >
> > > Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> writes:
> > >
> > >>Hmmm... I thought I explained myself clearly the first time, 
> but apparently
> > >>not.
> > >
> > > You did, but... well, let me paraphrase your question as I 
> understood it :-),
> > > and the same for my response.
> > >
> > > Question: Here are a bunch of hypothetical scenarios under 
> which someone, if
> > >   they really wanted to be awkward, could claim the current PRF 
> offends their
> > >   fashion sense.  Should we accomodate them, or tell them to get a life?
> >
> > Yeah, well, that's the problem here. The scenarios aren't hypothetical,
> > or I wouldn't have raised them.
> >
> > Let's just focus on one for the moment.
> >
> > 1. We're planning to replace the HMAC/MD5 PRF with one that's based
> >    on the hash used in the cipher suite HMAC.
> > 2. People have requested the addition of non-HMAC-based cipher suites.
> >
> > These two together create a conflict that needs to be resolved somehow.
> >
> > Now, your response could be (at least) one of:
> > 1. Don't replace HMAC/MD5 combo with something else.
> > 2. Don't add non-HMAC-based cipher suites.
> > 3. Somehow specify a way to use the TLS PRF with case (2), e.g.
> >    by specifying a PRF hash in the cipher suite.
> > 4. Specify a new PRF.
> >
> > Now, I believe there's rough consensus to do task (1), so that
> > precludes response (1). Task (2) is in our charter, so that
> > precludes response (2)--which leaves us with at least some
> > task to do to make this work.
> >
> > You could of course argue about either of these points and attempt to
> > establish an alternative consensus, but just telling people to get a
> > life doesn't really get the job done. As for the issue of phishing,
> > I agree that that's a problem, but it's not the TLS WG's problem,
> > so complaining that we're working on something else makes about
> > as much sense as complaining that we're not working on a cure for
> > HIV.
> >
> > -Ekr
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > TLS mailing list
> > TLS@lists.ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
> >
>
>_______________________________________________
>TLS mailing list
>TLS@lists.ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


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Date: Wed, 22 Feb 2006 12:13:32 -0800
From: Vipul Gupta <Vipul.Gupta@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Document Action: 'ECC Cipher Suites for TLS' to
	Informational RFC
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On Jan 23, 2006, at 1:08 PM, The IESG wrote:

> The IESG has approved the following document:
>
> - 'ECC Cipher Suites for TLS '
>    <draft-ietf-tls-ecc-12.txt> as an Informational RFC
>
> This document is the product of the Transport Layer Security  
> Working Group.
>
> The IESG contact persons are Russ Housley and Sam Hartman.

For the benefit of folks who might be implementing this specification,
I'd like to point out that the RFC version will drop the lone DES  
ciphersuite
and bump up (by 1) the cipher numbers for
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_NULL_SHA, and
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA as per:
http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/msg04780.html
http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/msg04781.html

The RFC will also include an informational appendix listing equivalent
curve names chosen by different standards bodies.

I've attached the email exchange with the Security Area director and
the WG chairs approving these changes.

vipul


----------------

On Jan 27, 2006, at 10:17 AM, Russ Housley wrote:


> I think this is a good thing to include.  Please work with the RFC  
> Editor during Auth48.
>
> Russ
>
> At 06:12 PM 1/26/2006, Vipul Gupta wrote:
>
>> Hi Russ,
>>
>> Attached here is the new rev of the draft and the diffs from  
>> version 12.
>> For your convenience, I've reproduced the appendix below.
>>
>> thank you,
>>
>> vipul
>>
>> Appendix A.  Equivalent Curves (Informative)
>>
>>    All of the NIST curves [9] and several of the ANSI curves [7] are
>>    equivalent to curves listed in Section 5.1.1.  In the following
>>    table, multiple names in one row represent aliases for the same
>>    curve.
>>
>>              ------------------------------------------
>>                        Curve names chosen by
>>                   different standards organizations
>>              ------------+---------------+-------------
>>              SECG        |  ANSI X9.62   |  NIST
>>              ------------+---------------+-------------
>>              sect163k1   |               |   NIST K-163
>>              sect163r1   |               |
>>              sect163r2   |               |   NIST B-163
>>              sect193r1   |               |
>>              sect193r2   |               |
>>              sect233k1   |               |   NIST K-233
>>              sect233r1   |               |   NIST B-233
>>              sect239k1   |               |
>>              sect283k1   |               |   NIST K-283
>>              sect283r1   |               |   NIST B-283
>>              sect409k1   |               |   NIST K-409
>>              sect409r1   |               |   NIST B-409
>>              sect571k1   |               |   NIST K-571
>>              sect571r1   |               |   NIST B-571
>>              secp160k1   |               |
>>              secp160r1   |               |
>>              secp160r2   |               |
>>              secp192k1   |               |
>>              secp192r1   |  prime192v1   |   NIST P-192
>>              secp224k1   |               |
>>              secp224r1   |               |   NIST P-224
>>              secp256k1   |               |
>>              secp256r1   |  prime256v1   |   NIST P-256
>>              secp384r1   |               |   NIST P-384
>>              secp521r1   |               |   NIST P-521
>>              ------------+---------------+-------------
>>       Table 6: Equivalent curves defined by SECG, ANSI, and NIST
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Jan 26, 2006, at 1:44 PM, Russ Housley wrote:
>>
>>
>>> I see no problem with dropping DES.
>>>
>>> I will need to see the proposed Appendix to make a judgement.  Is
>>> it already written?
>>>
>>> Russ
>>>
>>> At 01:23 PM 1/26/2006, Vipul Gupta wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>> Hi Russ,
>>>>
>>>>    We'd like to propose a couple of minor modifications to
>>>> draft-ietf-tls-ecc-12.txt (during the author 48 hr period)
>>>> before it is published as an RFC. Please let us know if
>>>> you are ok with this. The changes are:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>> 1. address feedback received during the IETF last call
>>>>>> (suggestion to drop the DES cipher suite, as per
>>>>>> http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/msg04780.html
>>>>>> http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/msg04781.html)
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 2. add an informative section (Appendix A) listing
>>>>>> equivalent curves to aid implementors.
>>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> thanks,
>>>>
>>>> vipul
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Begin forwarded message:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> From: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com
>>>>> Date: January 26, 2006 6:01:38 AM PST
>>>>> To: Vipul.Gupta@sun.com, ekr@rtfm.com, ekr@networkresonance.com
>>>>> Cc: sblakewilson@bcisse.com, bmoeller@acm.org, nelson@bolyard.com,
>>>>> chris@corriente.net
>>>>> Subject: RE: 'ECC Cipher Suites for TLS' to Informational RFC
>>>>>
>>>>> Hi Vipul,
>>>>>
>>>>> The document has already been approved by the IESG, and
>>>>> is in the RFC editor's queue -- so the changes should
>>>>> wait until the Author's 48 hours (and have to be approved
>>>>> by the AD if they're non-editorial).
>>>>>
>>>>> I would not support adding new text at this time unless
>>>>> there are really good reasons -- and in this case, the
>>>>> text doesn't look very important. The one spelling mistake
>>>>> we can certainly fix, and I would not object to dropping
>>>>> the DES ciphersuite, but that's up to Russ to decide.
>>>>>
>>>>> Best regards,
>>>>> Pasi
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>>>> From: ext Vipul Gupta [mailto:Vipul.Gupta@sun.com]
>>>>>> Sent: 25 January, 2006 22:42
>>>>>> To: Eric Rescorla; ekr@networkresonance.com; Eronen Pasi
>>>>>> (Nokia-NRC/Helsinki)
>>>>>> Cc: Vipul Gupta; Simon Blake-Wilson; Bodo Moeller; Nelson B
>>>>>> Bolyard; Chris Hawk
>>>>>> Subject: Re: 'ECC Cipher Suites for TLS' to Informational RFC
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Hi Eric, Pasi,
>>>>>>
>>>>>>      We have a new version of this draft (attached) which:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 1. addresses feedback received during the IETF last call
>>>>>> (suggestion to drop the DES cipher suite, as per
>>>>>> http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/msg04780.html
>>>>>> http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/msg04781.html)
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 2. adds an informative section (Appendix A) listing
>>>>>> equivalent curves to aid implementors.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     Should we submit the new draft via the usual channel?
>>>>>> or wait for the 48-hour period and suggest these
>>>>>> changes at that time? Please advise. Unless we hear
>>>>>> otherwise, we'll go ahead and do the former.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> thanks,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> vipul
>

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Pasi:

>My personal comments about draft-santesson-tls-ume-01:
>
>The draft defines an extension to TLS that allows the client to send
>"user mapping" information to the TLS server. The server uses this
>information to fetch authentication/authorization-related information
>from a directory server.

I do not think this is a good summary of the purpose of this 
document.  Currently in the Microsoft environment, a 
Microsoft-specific certificate extension that contains the username 
is required.  This extension allows certificates without this 
Microsoft-specific extension to be used.  The document refers to 
these as "legacy" certificates.  In fact, these are the certificates 
that are in common use in many large enterprises.

>The draft is quite similar to draft-housley-tls-authz-extns, which
>allows sending X.509 attribute certificates and SAML assertions in
>TLS. The main difference seems to be that we only send a pointer to
>the authorization information (a bit like IKEv2, which supports
>sending an URL of the certificate instead of the cert itself).  From a
>purely technical point of view, it would probably make sense to merge
>these drafts.  The tls-authz-extns draft does some details better:
>e.g., the information is sent encrypted, and only after the server has
>been authenticated.

Based on the comments that I received from Eric Rescorla on 
draft-housley-tls-authz-extns, this draft is likely to move in a 
somewhat different direction; however, that is a discussion for a 
different thread.

>The solution is also quite similar to the "client_certificate_url"
>extension defined in RFC 3546 (the "User Principal Name" could be
>considered as one type of certificate URL). Here even the placement
>of the handshake messages is identical to tls-ume. Unfortunately,
>it seems that sending both CertificateURL and Certificate handshake
>messages is not allowed, complicating the situation.

The change proposed here would require action by the TLS WG.  And, 
this alternative approach was not raised at the Vancouver IETF when 
this solution was presented to the TLS WG.

>However, it might be that process and timing issues make mergers
>infeasible.  Also, the authors of draft-santesson-tls-ume seem to
>be unwilling to make changes to the protocol.

This is not the case.  I raised a significant concern when I did my 
AD review, and after discussion of several alternative solutions, 
they picked one and changed the document.  I understand that they are 
also changing their implementation to match the document.

>About the technical details: In general, the solution seems to work,
>and does not contain any serious flaws. I don't count sending the user
>mapping information unencrypted as a serious flaw -- this information
>is sent only when a client certificate is also sent, and the client
>certificate is not encrypted either (unless the double-handshake hack
>is used, in which case the user mapping information would be
>encrypted, too).

I agree with this assessment.

>It's probably not the most elegant design possible (see e.g. Eric
>Rescorla's review).
>
>However, I think we should clearly "distinguish between 'it won't
>work' and 'it could/should work better'" (as Dave Crocker well put it
>in one email). The document solves a real (but maybe not extremely
>large or important) problem, and the solution works. That's better
>than many documents these days...

I think that the folks that are using enterprise PKIs would like to 
see this capability, and Microsoft is prepared to make it available in Vista.

>Given these, I think this would be an excellent document for
>Informational, especially if the title was changed to "Microsoft TLS
>User Mapping Extension" to indicate that it's a proprietary extension
>where the IETF community had no chance to change anything.  I also
>think vendors should be encouraged to publish their extensions, even
>if they are not perfect.

I disagree with this point.  When I did my AD review, I considered 
the Microsoft-specific nature of the document.  The structure easily 
accommodates additional name forms.  Thus, I do not think we should 
ask for "Microsoft" in the document title.

>However, due to the IANA allocation rules in 2246bis, this draft is
>being last called for standards track, and this is slightly more
>problematic.
>
>One observation is that the TLS allocation rules are quite strict, and
>not always totally logical. "Specification Required" is sufficient to
>get a ClientCertificateType number, and "IETF Consensus" gets you an
>ExtensionType number. But many extensions (including this one, and
>also some of the extensions in 3546bis) also require a handshake
>message number, and thus Standards Track. Or in other words: the
>degree of consensus and process required for a document that extends
>TLS depends heavily on minor technical details, not on what the
>extension actually does.
>
>RFC 2026 also says that "A Proposed Standard specification is
>generally stable, has resolved known design choices, is believed to be
>well-understood, has received significant community review, and
>appears to enjoy enough community interest to be considered valuable."
>
>I don't think we're quite there yet with this document.

We need to strike a balance.  In this case, Microsoft is trying to 
follow the IANA allocation rules in 2246bis.  We do not want to 
punish them for trying to be good IETF participants.

>On the other hand, I also think that just refusing to publish this
>document would be a highly unproductive approach. If the document
>solves a reasonable problem, the solution works, and it looks likely
>it will be widely deployed, I don't think preventing publication on
>minor process details would exactly "make the Internet work better".

We agree on this point.

>I'm not sure what would be the best way to handle this, though.  Merge
>this with draft-housley-tls-authz-extns? Refine the technical details
>so that it does not need a new handshake message number? (E.g., map the
>UPN to an URL, and use the existing CertificateURL message?) Change the
>IANA allocation rules for TLS? I don't have a strong opinion here...

Since the direction for draft-housley-tls-authz-extns remains 
unclear, I do not think we should delay draft-santesson-tls-ume while 
the other document gets sorted out.

Russ


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The TLS WG will be meeting in Dallas. This is a call for agenda
items. Please send them to me and to Pasi Eronen (pasi.eronen@nokia.com)
by next Friday (Mar 3)

-Ekr



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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Fri Feb 24 11:49:07 2006
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Subject: [TLS] Re: [MMUSIC] Re: comedia-tls: proposed change for certificate
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>>>>> "Colin" == Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org> writes:

    Colin> There was a comment from Hadriel Kaplan supporting this change, but
    Colin> this is a big enough issue that I'd like more feedback before we go
    Colin> forward. Any comments from other members of the working group (or
    Colin> from the security ADs)?

As the one who proposed it, I supported it.

I'm a bit worried that this may be used to bootstrap lawful intercept
more easily than some other solution.  However I think that concern is
not very realistic because without this feature, I don't think we're
going to see usable media encryption as a reality.


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Sat Feb 25 14:41:42 2006
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Subject: [TLS] New TLS 1.2 draft submitted
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I've just submitted a new draft for TLS 1.2 
(draft-ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis-00.txt).

This draft includes the following changes:

     - Merged in TLS Extensions and AES Cipher Suites from external
     documents.

     - Replacement of MD5/SHA-1 combination in the PRF

     - Replacement of MD5/SHA-1 combination in the digitally-signed
     element.

     - Allow the client to indicate which hash functions it supports.

I realize there is some controversy about the second and third
points, which we need to discuss at the meeting, but I wanted
to get something out and it seems to me that if we are going
to replace the MD5/SHA-1 combinations that it will look something
like this.

-Ekr



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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Sat Feb 25 17:53:49 2006
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Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org> wrote:
> On 30 Jan 2006, at 13:22, Jonathan Lennox wrote:
> > On Sunday, January 29 2006, "Sam Hartman" wrote:
> >> What about hop-by-hop authenticated with each hop integrity
> >> protected.
> >> IMHO in many environments, this presents acceptable man-in-the-middle
> >> risk.  I think that it may present significantly easier to deal with
> >> usability issues so I think it should at least be allowed if not
> >> encouraged.
> >
> > This will certainly be the most common way of securing SDP, I think
> > -- this
> > describes how sips, i.e. sip over hop-by-hop TLS, works.  You're
> > vulnerable
> > to a broken or subverted sip proxy server, but otherwise you're safe.
> >
> > If there's consensus that it's acceptable to allow this mode, I can
> > add
> > language allowing it.  However, I think this is a big enough change
> > I'd like
> > to hear positive consensus for it; this should get something more
> > than just
> > consent-by-silence from the working group.
> 
> There was a comment from Hadriel Kaplan supporting this change, but
> this is a big enough issue that I'd like more feedback before we go
> forward. Any comments from other members of the working group (or
> from the security ADs)?

This seems like the right approach to me.

-Ekr

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Sun Feb 26 07:42:17 2006
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Greetings!

On Sat, 25 Feb 2006, Eric Rescorla wrote:

> I've just submitted a new draft for TLS 1.2
> (draft-ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis-00.txt).

Sorry, where can I download the draft?

Thank you!

-- 
SY, Dmitry Belyavsky (ICQ UIN 11116575)


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To: Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@cryptocom.ru>
Subject: Re: [TLS] New TLS 1.2 draft submitted
References: <20060225194251.E1E7F222437@laser.networkresonance.com>
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Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@cryptocom.ru> writes:

> Greetings!
>
> On Sat, 25 Feb 2006, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>
>> I've just submitted a new draft for TLS 1.2
>> (draft-ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis-00.txt).
>
> Sorry, where can I download the draft?

http://scm.sipfoundry.org/rep/ietf-drafts/ekr/draft-ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis-00.txt

-Ekr

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Feb 27 11:40:15 2006
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First comments:

1) This draft proposes a new enumerated type, HashType, which is not 
mentioned in IANA Considerations section, so it is unclear, how new hash 
types can be defined. Also, would be nice to allocate a value for gost.

7.4.1.4.7 Cert Hash Types

Proposed addition:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
          enum{
-             md5(0), sha1(1), sha256(2), sha512(3), (255)
+             md5(0), sha1(1), sha256(2), sha512(3), gostR3411(4), (255)
          } HashType;
-----------------------------------------------------------------------


Proposed addition:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
HashType  values are divided into three groups:

              1. Values from 0 (zero) through 63 decimal (0x3F) inclusive 
are
                 reserved for IETF Standards Track protocols.

              2. Values from 64 decimal (0x40) through 223 decimal (0xDF) 
inclusive
                 are reserved for assignment for non-Standards Track 
methods.

              3. Values from 224 decimal (0xE0) through 255 decimal (0xFF)
                 inclusive are reserved for private use.

           Additional information describing the role of IANA in the
           allocation of HashType code points is described
           in Section 11.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

There are a lot of MD5 certificates still around. Are they now intentionaly 
forbidden by default?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
   Clients SHOULD send this extension if they support any algorithm
   other than SHA-1. If this extension is not used, servers SHOULD
   assume that the client supports only SHA-1.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------


11. IANA Considerations

Chapter 7.4.4 became 7.4.5, but the references in IANA Considerations 
section
is not updated. By the way, rfc2246bis contains a typo here too - it 
references 7.4.3 instead of 7.4.4.

Proposed change:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-   Section 7.4.3 describes a TLS ClientCertificateType Registry to be
+   Section 7.4.5 describes a TLS ClientCertificateType Registry to be
   maintained by the IANA, as defining a number of such code point
   identifiers. ClientCertificateType identifiers with values in the
   range 0-63 (decimal) inclusive are assigned via RFC 2434 Standards
   Action. Values from the range 64-223 (decimal) inclusive are assigned
   via [RFC 2434] Specification Required.  Identifier values from
   224-255 (decimal) inclusive are reserved for RFC 2434 Private Use.
   The registry will be initially populated with the values in this
-   document, Section 7.4.4.
+   document, Section 7.4.5.

+   Section 7.4.1.4.7 describes a TLS HashType Registry to be
+   maintained by the IANA, as defining a number of such code point
+   identifiers. HashType identifiers with values in the
+   range 0-63 (decimal) inclusive are assigned via RFC 2434 Standards
+   Action. Values from the range 64-223 (decimal) inclusive are assigned
+   via [RFC 2434] Specification Required.  Identifier values from
+   224-255 (decimal) inclusive are reserved for RFC 2434 Private Use.
+   The registry will be initially populated with the values in this
+   document, Section 7.4.4.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------


And some more invalid section numbers:

Table of Contents

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    7.4.10.   Certificate verify                                          64
-   7.4.10.   Finished                                                    65

+   7.4.10.   Finished                                                    65
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

7.4.9. Finished

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
   The value handshake_messages includes all handshake messages starting
   at client hello up to, but not including, this finished message. This
-   may be different from handshake_messages in Section 7.4.8 because it
+   may be different from handshake_messages in Section 7.4.10 because it
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

7.1. Change cipher spec protocol

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
   (See section 6.1.) The change cipher spec message is sent during the
   handshake after the security parameters have been agreed upon, but
-   before the verifying finished message is sent (see section 7.4.9).
+   before the verifying finished message is sent (see section 7.4.11).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

7.4.10. Certificate verify
7.4.10. Finished
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-7.4.10. Finished
+7.4.11. Finished
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

F.1.1. Authentication and key exchange

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
   generate the finished messages, encryption keys, and MAC secrets (see
-   Sections 7.4.8, 7.4.9 and 6.3). By sending a correct finished
+   Sections 7.4.10, 7.4.11 and 6.3). By sending a correct finished
   message, parties thus prove that they know the correct
   pre_master_secret.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

F.1.1.2. RSA key exchange and authentication
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-   the certificate verify message (see Section 7.4.8). The client signs
+  the certificate verify message (see Section 7.4.10). The client signs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------


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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> I've just submitted a new draft for TLS 1.2 
> (draft-ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis-00.txt).
> 

This still has (in Section 6.2.1 Fragmentation, NOTE:) the sentence - 		

	Data of different TLS Record layer content types MAY be
        interleaved. Application data is generally of higher precedence
        for transmission than other content types and therefore handshake
        records may be held if application data is pending.


If the same language of tls1.0 is to be followed, (see 
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/tls/current/msg00445.html), then 
shouldn't this be the other way round?


-jb

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Subject: RE: [TLS] Re: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension' to Proposed
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Just to clarify this point.

The text in the introduction where the authors retained change control
was a leftover from the original draft that was intended to go
informational.

We simply forgot to remove this when we changed the scope to
informational.
This is fixed in version 03 of the draft.


Stefan Santesson
Program Manager, Standards Liaison
Windows Security


-----Original Message-----
From: Russ Housley [mailto:housley@vigilsec.com]=20
Sent: den 19 februari 2006 23:22
To: Bill Fenner; Steven M. Bellovin
Cc: iesg@ietf.org; tls@ietf.org; ietf@ietf.org
Subject: [TLS] Re: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension' to Proposed
Standard

I misunderstood the original question.  I'll get it fixed or withdraw=20
the Last Call.

Russ


At 12:38 AM 2/19/2006, Bill Fenner wrote:

> >Can we have a Proposed Standard
> >without the IETF having change control?
>
>No.  RFC3978 says, in section 5.2 where it describes the derivative
>works limitation that's present in draft-santesson-tls-ume, "These
>notices may not be used with any standards-track document".
>
>   Bill


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This empty appendix was removed in draft 02.

As Russ stated before, an IPR disclosure has been posted to the IETF IPR
page which can be found at:


Stefan Santesson
Program Manager, Standards Liaison
Windows Security


-----Original Message-----
From: Bill Strahm [mailto:bill@strahm.net]=20
Sent: den 20 februari 2006 02:21
To: Russ Housley
Cc: Bill Fenner; tls@ietf.org; ietf@ietf.org; iesg@ietf.org; Steven M.
Bellovin
Subject: Re: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension' to Proposed
Standard

I saw all of the huff, and while I agree with it, I am more concerned
about

Appendix A. IPR Disclosure

    TBD

What does that mean, and more specifically is a document with a TBD=20
section really ready for last call at all ?

Bill
Russ Housley wrote:
> I misunderstood the original question.  I'll get it fixed or withdraw=20
> the Last Call.
>=20
> Russ
>=20
>=20
> At 12:38 AM 2/19/2006, Bill Fenner wrote:
>=20
>> >Can we have a Proposed Standard
>> >without the IETF having change control?
>>
>> No.  RFC3978 says, in section 5.2 where it describes the derivative
>> works limitation that's present in draft-santesson-tls-ume, "These
>> notices may not be used with any standards-track document".
>>
>>   Bill
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ietf mailing list
> Ietf@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ietf
>=20
>=20


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Sorry, managed to hit send button to early.

The IPR statement is available at:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?ipr_id=3D688


Stefan Santesson
Program Manager, Standards Liaison
Windows Security


-----Original Message-----
From: Stefan Santesson=20
Sent: den 28 februari 2006 15:26
To: 'Bill Strahm'; Russ Housley
Cc: Bill Fenner; tls@ietf.org; ietf@ietf.org; iesg@ietf.org; Steven M.
Bellovin
Subject: RE: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension' to Proposed
Standard

This empty appendix was removed in draft 02.

As Russ stated before, an IPR disclosure has been posted to the IETF IPR
page which can be found at:


Stefan Santesson
Program Manager, Standards Liaison
Windows Security


-----Original Message-----
From: Bill Strahm [mailto:bill@strahm.net]=20
Sent: den 20 februari 2006 02:21
To: Russ Housley
Cc: Bill Fenner; tls@ietf.org; ietf@ietf.org; iesg@ietf.org; Steven M.
Bellovin
Subject: Re: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension' to Proposed
Standard

I saw all of the huff, and while I agree with it, I am more concerned
about

Appendix A. IPR Disclosure

    TBD

What does that mean, and more specifically is a document with a TBD=20
section really ready for last call at all ?

Bill
Russ Housley wrote:
> I misunderstood the original question.  I'll get it fixed or withdraw=20
> the Last Call.
>=20
> Russ
>=20
>=20
> At 12:38 AM 2/19/2006, Bill Fenner wrote:
>=20
>> >Can we have a Proposed Standard
>> >without the IETF having change control?
>>
>> No.  RFC3978 says, in section 5.2 where it describes the derivative
>> works limitation that's present in draft-santesson-tls-ume, "These
>> notices may not be used with any standards-track document".
>>
>>   Bill
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ietf mailing list
> Ietf@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ietf
>=20
>=20


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Adding to Ari's arguments.
There is one more argument why it would less functional to send the
mapping data in the extension.

The current draft under last call also includes a negotiation mechanism
where the client and server can agree on what type of mapping data they
support.

If the mapping data is sent in the client hello, the client has no clue
on what data the server needs unless prior knowledge has been
established. It must then send all types of mapping data that it
believes the server might need. This is less desirable than sending just
the type of data the server explicitly has stated that it prefers out of
the types the client has stated that it supports.

While it would be technically possible to implement the same solution
along with Eric's alternative suggestions, I don't think it has been
demonstrated that it would provide any significant advantages.


Stefan Santesson
Program Manager, Standards Liaison
Windows Security


-----Original Message-----
From: Ari Medvinsky [mailto:arimed@windows.microsoft.com]=20
Sent: den 21 februari 2006 02:32
To: Eric Rescorla; ietf@ietf.org
Cc: tls@ietf.org; iesg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [TLS] Re: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension'
toProposedStandard

Eric,

Thank you for your feedback.  Below are the problems that I see with the
alternative proposals that you suggested when compared to the approach
taken in the current draft:

1)	Proposal 1:  Send the user mapping extension in the initial
Client Hello (as data along with the extension value).

	a) Problem: Privacy/Lack of user consent in information
disclosure.  The UPN sent in the user extension, uniquely identifies a
principal - something that users concerned with preserving their privacy
may object to (i.e., the large majority of SSL sites are server side
auth only; the user was anonymous and now the user is identified by the
UPN).

To mitigate this problem to some extent (as I think you pointed out),
the client can be configured to only send the user mapping information
to some subset of servers (e.g., based on domain names).  However, this
completely lacks end user consent.  The user's principal name will be
automatically sent to every SSL server in the above list (as configured
by admin) - even if the user does not wish to be identified to the
target server (in SSL sessions with server side auth only and mutual
auth).

In contrast, if the mapping extension is sent on the third leg before
the certificate msg (as it is in the current draft), the user has the
option to bail out of client auth and not disclose the UPN or any data
in the cert (e.g., by not typing the pin for the smartcard).

	b) Problem: Performance.  In your email you stated that the
UserMapping extension is likely to be around ~ 100 bytes and that's
negligible and thus it is ok to send in the initial ClientHello msg -
even if the server does not need it as is the case for server side auth
only TLS connections.

I disagree.  As you know TLS is used in many different scenarios, for
example:  EAP/TLS  (RFC http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2716.txt) is used for
Radius, wireless 802.1x, RAS (dial up), etc.  The MTU in EAP is 1600
bytes.  Thus even 100 bytes can cause additional fragmentation causing
additional latency for RAS (consider dial up across geographically
dispersed end points).  Furthermore, per the current draft the
userMapping structure can be extended, to carry multiple user mapping
hints, thus causes further degradation in this scenario ...

2)	Proposal 2: =20
	1. Do an ordinary TLS handshake without offering UME.
	2. Initiate a TLS rehandshake and send the UMDL in an extension
in the ClientHello.

This is essentially saying that the current extensibility mechanism in
TLS is broken and that the userMapping extension in contrast to all
other extension requires to 2 handshakes instead of one.   The method
that you are proposing is inconsistent with the approach used for every
other TLS extension. =20

>From a performance standpoint, proposal 2 is still a bad choice.  You
stated that "The performance issue is quite modest with modern servers".
While servers are getting faster, user load tends to follow suit;
furthermore, this proposal costs additional latency.  In contrast, the
approach used in the current draft does not suffer from these problems.=20

Regards,

-Ari

-----Original Message-----
From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]=20
Sent: Saturday, February 18, 2006 5:31 PM
To: ietf@ietf.org
Cc: tls@ietf.org; iesg@ietf.org
Subject: [TLS] Re: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension' to
ProposedStandard

BACKGROUND
This document describes an extension to TLS which allows the client to
give the server a hint (the User Principal Name) about which directory
entry to look up in order to verify the client's identity.

This works as follows:
1. The client offers the extension (called UME) in the=20
   ClientHello message.=20
2. The server accepts the extension.
3. The client sends the new HandshakeType to the server
   before sending its Certificate message.

The packet flow looks like this (cut-and-pasted from the draft):

      Client                                               Server

      ClientHello
       /* with user_mapping ext */ -------->

                                                      ServerHello
                                      /* with user-mapping ext */
                                                     Certificate*
                                               ServerKeyExchange*
                                              CertificateRequest*
                                   <--------      ServerHelloDone

-->   UserMappingDataList
      Certificate*
      ClientKeyExchange
      CertificateVerify*
      [ChangeCipherSpec]
      Finished                     -------->
                                               [ChangeCipherSpec]
                                   <--------             Finished
      Application Data             <------->     Application Data

New handshake message marked by --> on the left.

This document was presented to the TLS WG in Vancouver and there was
only a very small amount of interest. The authors posted the -00 version
of their draft on January 10. Some minor comments were made by a single
WG member and these were addressed. The authors asked for a preliminary
code point assignment on January 14.  I provided a number of technical
comments (including suggesting an alternate approach, described below)
at that time, but was told that the implementation was already too far
along to be changed significantly.

Since the IETF would not have change control, this is an inappropriate
work item for the TLS WG and therefore the authors appear to have
decided on an Individual Submission. The reason for the intended status
of Proposed Standard is that this extension defines a new Handshake Type
and the TLS WG has decided that new Handshake Types require a Standards
Action (See S 7.4 of draft-ietf-tls-rfc2246-13, in RFC-Ed queue).

Contrary to the the Last Call announcement, the comments I raised
originally have not been addressed--except to be told they weren't
possible. For the reasons indicated below, I believe this document
should not be advanced to Proposed Standard as-is.


REVIEW COMMENTS
The obvious design here would simply be to place the information in the
UserMappingDataList (UMDL) message directly in the ClientHello
extension. The draft argues that this is bad for the following
reason:

   The reason the mapping data itself is not placed in the extension
   portion of the ClientHello is to prevent broadcasting this
   information to servers that don't understand the extension.
   Additionally, if new mapping information were to be considered
   confidential, the addition of a new handshake message allows the data
   to be encrypted using the servers public key.

   No other modifications to the protocol are required. The messages are
   detailed in the following sections.

This is unconvincing for a number of reasons. First, TLS handles the
case where an extension is not understood just fine. It's ignored. Since
the extension appears to be less than 100 bytes, there's no performance
issue.

The authors suggest that there is a security issue:

   As the client is the initiator of this TLS extension, it needs to
   determine when it is appropriate to send the User Mapping
   Information. It may not be prudent to broadcast this information to
   just any server at any time, as it can reveal network infrastructure
   the client and server are using.

      - The client SHOULD only send the UserMappingDataList handshake
        message if it is agreed upon in the Hello exchange, preventing
        the information from being sent to a server that doesn't
        understand the User Mapping Extension.

      - The client SHOULD further only send this information if the
        server belongs to a domain to which the client intends to
        authenticate using the UPN as identifier.

However, the second piece of information (the domain name of the server)
is generally available to the client prior to the connection initiation,
since it's used to look up the server's address. So, the client could
decide whether to send the UMDL data prior to handshake initiation.

One difference here is that the client now has the server's certificate
and that certificate could potentially contain some X.509 Extension that
indicated that the server was authorized to receive the UMDL data.
However, this is of very limited security value because in the static
RSA modes which are common with SSL/TLS, the server has not proved
possession of the corresponding private key at this point in the
handshake. Note that this draft does not describe any such extension.

An attacker who wished to impersonate the server in order to capture the
UMDL would be able to do so with a simple replay/cut-and-paste attack.
Moreover, because the UMDL is sent in the clear (the draft claims that
it could be encrypted but provides no facility for doing
so) any passive attacker can capture the UMDL by observing a single
handshake.=09

At best this strategy stops the client from inadvertantly sending the
UMDL to a server which it *thinks* should support it (because it's got
the right domain name) but which actually doesn't (perhaps because it's
broken?). This seems to be of extremely limited value.


AN ALTERNATE DESIGN
There is an alternate design which has superior security properties and
does not involve defining a new HandshakeType.=20

1. Do an ordinary TLS handshake without offering UME.
2. Initiate a TLS rehandshake and send the UMDL in an extension
   in the ClientHello.

Because the second TLS handshake is conducted over the TLS session
established in step (1), the entire UMDL extension exchange is
protected. A passive attacker cannot capture the UMDL data and an active
attacker cannot impersonate the server and force the transmission of the
UMDL.=20

This approach has two (modest) drawbwacks.

1. It is slower because it requires two handshakes.
2. The client may have to authenticate twice (this is a special
   case of (1)).

The second case can be easily ameliorated by having the client send an
extension (empty UME?) in the first handshake as a signal that it wants
to do UMDL and that the server should hold off on demanding client
authentication until the rehandshake happens.

The performance issue is quite modest with modern servers.  Indeed, it's
quite common for web servers to do a first handshake without cert-based
client auth and then rehandshake with client auth if the client asks for
a sensitive page.

Note: there is an alternate design in which you do a client auth in the
first handshake and then do a resumption in the second one but do UME.
This is rather faster, both in terms of computation and round trips but
is technically precluded by S 2.3 of RFC3546 which requires ignoring
extensions if you do a resume. One could imagine relaxing this
restriction but that hasn't been done yet.

Note also that if the client isn't worried about the sensitivity of the
UMDL, then it can simply offer the UME extension with a UMDL in the
first handshake and skip the second handshake.

Another (hacky) approach would be for the client to probe the server
with an initial ClientHello (and no UME) and then abort the handshake
and restart if it decides that it likes the server and wants to do UME.
This would have equivalent security properties to this draft at the cost
of a single round trip.

SUMMARY
The technique described in this document appears to be of limited
usefulness. In particular, the lack of confidentiality for the UMDL is a
big limitation in extending it to other applications than the one
envisioned by Microsoft. There are alternate designs which don't have
those limitations and don't involve allocating a new HandshakeType
value. This document should not advance as a Proposed Standard.

-Ekr













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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Feb 28 10:15:04 2006
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension'
	toProposedStandard
References: <BF9309599A71984CAC5BAC5ECA629944044457A0@EUR-MSG-11.europe.corp.microsoft.com>
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"Stefan Santesson" <stefans@microsoft.com> writes:
> Adding to Ari's arguments.
> There is one more argument why it would less functional to send the
> mapping data in the extension.
>
> The current draft under last call also includes a negotiation mechanism
> where the client and server can agree on what type of mapping data they
> support.
>
> If the mapping data is sent in the client hello, the client has no clue
> on what data the server needs unless prior knowledge has been
> established. It must then send all types of mapping data that it
> believes the server might need. This is less desirable than sending just
> the type of data the server explicitly has stated that it prefers out of
> the types the client has stated that it supports.
>
> While it would be technically possible to implement the same solution
> along with Eric's alternative suggestions, I don't think it has been
> demonstrated that it would provide any significant advantages.

I don't want to get into a long point-by-point here. Suffice to say
that I don't agree with either this analyis or Ari's. It would,
as I noted, have the advantage of actually applying confidentiality
for data you claim is sensitive while avoiding the need to declare
a new code point. I consider both of these to be significant advantages.

-Ekr


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Feb 28 10:43:28 2006
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From: Russ Housley <housley@vigilsec.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension'
	toProposedStandard
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I can see many situations where the information in this is not 
sensitive.  In fact, in the primary use case, the use mapping 
information is not sensitive.  An enterprise PKI is used in this 
situation, and the TLS extension is used to map the subject name in 
the certificate to the host account name.

Russ

At 10:14 AM 2/28/2006, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>"Stefan Santesson" <stefans@microsoft.com> writes:
> > Adding to Ari's arguments.
> > There is one more argument why it would less functional to send the
> > mapping data in the extension.
> >
> > The current draft under last call also includes a negotiation mechanism
> > where the client and server can agree on what type of mapping data they
> > support.
> >
> > If the mapping data is sent in the client hello, the client has no clue
> > on what data the server needs unless prior knowledge has been
> > established. It must then send all types of mapping data that it
> > believes the server might need. This is less desirable than sending just
> > the type of data the server explicitly has stated that it prefers out of
> > the types the client has stated that it supports.
> >
> > While it would be technically possible to implement the same solution
> > along with Eric's alternative suggestions, I don't think it has been
> > demonstrated that it would provide any significant advantages.
>
>I don't want to get into a long point-by-point here. Suffice to say
>that I don't agree with either this analyis or Ari's. It would,
>as I noted, have the advantage of actually applying confidentiality
>for data you claim is sensitive while avoiding the need to declare
>a new code point. I consider both of these to be significant advantages.
>
>-Ekr


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Feb 28 10:51:08 2006
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Russ Housley <housley@vigilsec.com> writes:

> I can see many situations where the information in this is not
> sensitive.  In fact, in the primary use case, the use mapping
> information is not sensitive.  An enterprise PKI is used in this
> situation, and the TLS extension is used to map the subject name in
> the certificate to the host account name.

But then we're left with the performance rationale that the user has
some semi-infinite number of mappings that makes it impossible to send
all of them and too hard to figure out which one. In light of the fact
that in the original -01 proposal there wasn't even any negotiation
for which type of UME data should be sent, is there any evidence that
this is going to be an important/common case?

-Ekr

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Feb 28 11:51:11 2006
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	toProposedStandard
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Eric:

> > I can see many situations where the information in this is not
> > sensitive.  In fact, in the primary use case, the use mapping
> > information is not sensitive.  An enterprise PKI is used in this
> > situation, and the TLS extension is used to map the subject name in
> > the certificate to the host account name.
>
>But then we're left with the performance rationale that the user has
>some semi-infinite number of mappings that makes it impossible to send
>all of them and too hard to figure out which one. In light of the fact
>that in the original -01 proposal there wasn't even any negotiation
>for which type of UME data should be sent, is there any evidence that
>this is going to be an important/common case?

This requires a crystal ball....  Apparently yours is different than 
mine, as the negotiation that you reference above was added to 
resolve comments from my AD review.

We all know that there is not going to be a single name form that is 
useful in all situations.  We also know that you cannot put every 
useful name form into the certificate.  In fact, the appropriate 
value can change within the normal lifetime of a certificate, so 
putting it in the certificate will result in high revocation rates.

This is the reason that I believe this TLS extension will be useful 
in environments beyond the one that was considered by the Microsoft 
authors.  Your perspective may differ ....

Russ


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Eric,

In a general sense, name hints are IDs and IDs are not secrets and no
security system should depend on them being secrets.

However, there might be privacy concerns on where and when you want to
send what ID info to whom. We may e.g. have an issue of aggregate
knowledge. It is always good design to minimize the information sent and
not broadcast them around. ID1 and ID2 might not be a privacy issue when
sent separately to different servers but may be a privacy issue if they
are always sent together.

In the primary use case there is no reason to encrypt the UPN name hint
but if such requirement would arise for another hint type, then the
current model allows a new hint type to be defined which could carry
encrypted information, e.g. encrypted to the public key of the server
certificate.


On the name space issue;
We are nowhere close to exhausting the name space (less than 5% used)
for handshake messages. If we think we will do that in any reasonably
foreseeable future, then we simply have to figure out a way to fix that
problem before it becomes a blocking factor for protocol design.=20
There are ways to do that and maintaining backwards compatibility way
before this becomes a problem.


Stefan Santesson
Program Manager, Standards Liaison
Windows Security


-----Original Message-----
From: Russ Housley [mailto:housley@vigilsec.com]=20
Sent: den 28 februari 2006 17:19
To: EKR
Cc: Stefan Santesson; Ari Medvinsky; ietf@ietf.org; tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension'
toProposedStandard

Eric:

> > I can see many situations where the information in this is not
> > sensitive.  In fact, in the primary use case, the use mapping
> > information is not sensitive.  An enterprise PKI is used in this
> > situation, and the TLS extension is used to map the subject name in
> > the certificate to the host account name.
>
>But then we're left with the performance rationale that the user has
>some semi-infinite number of mappings that makes it impossible to send
>all of them and too hard to figure out which one. In light of the fact
>that in the original -01 proposal there wasn't even any negotiation
>for which type of UME data should be sent, is there any evidence that
>this is going to be an important/common case?

This requires a crystal ball....  Apparently yours is different than=20
mine, as the negotiation that you reference above was added to=20
resolve comments from my AD review.

We all know that there is not going to be a single name form that is=20
useful in all situations.  We also know that you cannot put every=20
useful name form into the certificate.  In fact, the appropriate=20
value can change within the normal lifetime of a certificate, so=20
putting it in the certificate will result in high revocation rates.

This is the reason that I believe this TLS extension will be useful=20
in environments beyond the one that was considered by the Microsoft=20
authors.  Your perspective may differ ....

Russ


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Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Last Call: 'TLS User Mapping Extension'
	toProposedStandard
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"Stefan Santesson" <stefans@microsoft.com> writes:

> Eric,
>
> In a general sense, name hints are IDs and IDs are not secrets and no
> security system should depend on them being secrets.
>
> However, there might be privacy concerns on where and when you want to
> send what ID info to whom. We may e.g. have an issue of aggregate
> knowledge. It is always good design to minimize the information sent and
> not broadcast them around. ID1 and ID2 might not be a privacy issue when
> sent separately to different servers but may be a privacy issue if they
> are always sent together.

As I noted in my original review, you already have all the information
you need about which server you're talking to prior to
initiating the connection, so you can triage the hint list at
that point. The only way in which your approach improves on this
(in the current system, as opposed to some hypothesized new
set of extensions) is to have the server indicate whether it's
willing to accept the extension or not--which, as I indicated
earlier, you can probe for.


> In the primary use case there is no reason to encrypt the UPN name hint
> but if such requirement would arise for another hint type, then the
> current model allows a new hint type to be defined which could carry
> encrypted information, e.g. encrypted to the public key of the server
> certificate.

And this kind if hackery is *exactly* what I'm concerned about.
TLS has a perfectly good story if you're interested in preserving
the confidentiality of data in the handshake. It's called
rehandshake. 


> On the name space issue;
> We are nowhere close to exhausting the name space (less than 5% used)
> for handshake messages. If we think we will do that in any reasonably
> foreseeable future, then we simply have to figure out a way to fix that
> problem before it becomes a blocking factor for protocol design. 
> There are ways to do that and maintaining backwards compatibility way
> before this becomes a problem.

It's not primarily an exhaustion issue--though I do worry about that
as well. It's an issue of cluttering up the primary TLS state machine
with things that aren't particularly generic and could be done better
in other ways.

At this point, I think we're just repeating ourselves.

-Ekr



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Russ Housley wrote:
>
> We all know that there is not going to be a single name form that is 
> useful in all situations.  We also know that you cannot put every useful 
> name form into the certificate.  In fact, the appropriate value can 
> change within the normal lifetime of a certificate, so putting it in the 
> certificate will result in high revocation rates.
> 
> This is the reason that I believe this TLS extension will be useful in 
> environments beyond the one that was considered by the Microsoft 
> authors.  Your perspective may differ ....

I agree.  A rationale like the above would be a good
addition to the Internet-Draft to strengthen its
motivation.

Re: EKR's suggested alternatives

While adding a new HandshakeType will incur the costs of
a Standards track RFC, we should not go out of our way
to avoid it.  The proposed solution in the Internet-Draft
looks clean and natural to me.

Instead of adding a new HandshakeType, can we extend the
Certificate message to include the user mapping data list
as ancillary data?

Re: draft 02

1. Sec. 5 "Security Considerations" says:

   - The client SHOULD further only send this information
     if the server belongs to a domain to which the client
     intends to authenticate using the UPN as identifier.

I have some questions about this paragraph.

How does the client determine which domain the server
belongs to without asking the server?

Should the server send its domain to the client in
the ServerHello user-mapping extension?  (This would
be analogous to the certificate_authorities field in
the CertificateRequest message.)

Is it possible or common for a client to belong to
multiple domains and have multiple UPNs?  If so,
how does a client that belongs to multiple domains
pick a UPN to send to the server?

2. It would be good to define at least one other
UserMappingType as a proof that the framework can
be applied to a non-Microsoft environment.

3. If the UserMappingDataList and Certificate messages
may be sent in either order, it would be good to specify
that UserMappingDataList be sent after Certificate.
This order would highlight UserMappingDataList's role
of providing additional information to augment the
certificate, and the implicit requirement that
UserMappingDataList only be used in conjunction with
a client certificate.  (I assume that the server cannot
send a ServerHello with user-mapping extension without
following with a CertificateRequest message.)

4. I'd be interested in a use case that elaborates how
a server uses the UpnDomainHint and the client certificate
to locate a user in a directory database and what the
server can do when the user has been located.

Wan-Teh Chang


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: AES Counter Mode Cipher Suites for TLS and DTLS
	Author(s)	: N. Modadugu, E. Rescorla
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tls-ctr-00.txt
	Pages		: 9
	Date		: 2006-2-28
	
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