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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Magnus_Nystr=F6m?= <magnus@rsasecurity.com>
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Subject: [TLS] Follow-up to comments on draft-linn-otp-tls-00
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All,

I would like to follow-up on some of the comments that John and I have 
received in the past and also received during the TLS session at the 66th 
IETF in Montreal. Firstly, I'd like to thank all the reviewers; we really 
appreciate you taking the time.

Whether to layer on TLS-PSK or not
----------------------------------
Several reviewers have suggested that it would be architecturally
better if new ciphersuites would be defined rather than attempting to
profile/extend TLS-PSK. There seems to be a few reasons why the
current approach has not been seen as optimal:

a) The term "key exchange" in TLS relates to the whole handshake as
opposed to the actual cryptographic key exchange (Pasi Eronen). Since
we're modifying the handshake (new extensions, new alerts, ...) it
should follow that this is a new key exchange and hence should define
a new ciphersuite (or -suites).

b) Interpretation of certain data (e.g. the psk_identity field) will
vary depending on whether "ordinary" TLS-PSK is performed or not; this
is undesirable as servers will need to be prepared to interpret (and
act upon) this field based on information in the Hello exchanges (Eric
Rescorla).

I don't quite understand a) above. I don't see that RFC4346 says that the
key exchange defines the whole handshake. But even if this is the case,
what about some of the extensions defined in RFC 4366, e.g. the
truncated_hmac one? It seems to me that that extension also modifies the
behavior of the parties, without introducing new ciphersuites?

On b) above, I agree that this is undesirable. One way forward that I
can see - besides defining new ciphersuites - would be to introduce
(and require use of, when doing a handshake based on OTPs) a new
extension, along the lines of (obviously the syntax needs to be
corrected):

       OTPHandshakeParams otp_handshake_params<0..2^16-1>;>
       struct {
           OTPAlgorithm otp_algorithm;
           ChallengeData challenge_data<0..>;
           HardeningData hardening_data<0..>;
           KeyIdentifier key_identifier<0..>;
           UserIdentifier user_identifier<0..>;
       } OTPHandshakeParams;

This approach would allow not only signaling of the intent of basing
the exchange on OTPs, but also to negotiate the actual OTP algorithm
as well as related parameters. I note that the above should also take
away the need to change the meaning of the psk_identity field,
something we anyway have been recommended not to do.

What I'd like to ask is if this mandatory "signaling" of OTP use would
be enough to resolve the concerns raised about the layering on top of
the TLS-PSK ciphersuites?

The strength of OTPs as a basis for TLS session keys
----------------------------------------------------
There was a discussion about this in Montreal and I just want to
clarify:

A typical OTP is 6 - 8 decimal digits long, although alphanumerical OTPs 
are also in use. In addition, some OTP systems employ centralized PINs, 
meaning that the user provides a PIN in conjunction with the OTP. 
Typically this would therefore give in the order of 33 - 40 bits of 
entropy.  Through hardening, one can increase the resistance. For example, 
hardening by iterative hashes, as suggested in the current draft, could 
complicate an attack as follows: With 100,000 iterations, the work load of 
the attacker will be about 17 bits more, in effect adding about 17 bits of 
strength (admittedly at a cost for the legit parties). For the example 
above, this would mean 50 - 57 bits of "entropy". Clearly this is less 
than even the 80-bit level offered through use of RSA 1024-bit keys, and I 
agree we could make this fact explicit (e.g. through some detailed 
examples) in the document and also add a recommendation to use the D-H-PSK 
(with normal caveats about MITM) or RSA-PSK variants in these situations. 
But I would not want to disallow the "direct" variant, for example since 
some connected OTP tokens may be able to emit considerably longer OTPs 
when in connected mode, and therefore would not need D-H (or the use of a 
PKI with RSA). (Longer OTPs in connected mode do not need to degrade the 
user experience since the user in these cases only enters the PIN, the OTP 
is programmatically retrieved. Long OTPs also eliminate or at least reduce 
the need for "hardening").

-- Magnus


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Oct 03 07:02:20 2006
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Subject: RE: [TLS] Follow-up to comments on draft-linn-otp-tls-00
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Magnus Nystr=F6m wrote:
> On b) above, I agree that this is undesirable. One way forward that I
> can see - besides defining new ciphersuites - would be to introduce
> (and require use of, when doing a handshake based on OTPs) a new
> extension, along the lines of (obviously the syntax needs to be
> corrected):
>=20
>        OTPHandshakeParams otp_handshake_params<0..2^16-1>;>
>        struct {
>            OTPAlgorithm otp_algorithm;
>            ChallengeData challenge_data<0..>;
>            HardeningData hardening_data<0..>;
>            KeyIdentifier key_identifier<0..>;
>            UserIdentifier user_identifier<0..>;
>        } OTPHandshakeParams;
>=20
> This approach would allow not only signaling of the intent of basing
> the exchange on OTPs, but also to negotiate the actual OTP algorithm
> as well as related parameters. I note that the above should also take
> away the need to change the meaning of the psk_identity field,
> something we anyway have been recommended not to do.
>=20
> What I'd like to ask is if this mandatory "signaling" of OTP use would
> be enough to resolve the concerns raised about the layering on top of
> the TLS-PSK ciphersuites?

It would solve the "coexistence with ordinary TLS-PSK" concern, but the
motivation of this layering still puzzles me... it would make sense
if defining a new ciphersuite was extremely hard and unpleasant thing=20
that should be done only if no other option is possible... but to
me, it looks like a new ciphersuite would be both easier, simpler,
and architecturally "nicer" way to do OTP with TLS.=20

And it's actually easier get numbers for ciphersuites than=20
TLS extensions :-)

Best regards,
Pasi

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Oct 03 11:34:44 2006
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Subject: [TLS] [67th IETF] SPKM3 BOF announcement 
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We would like to announce the following BOF for the 67th IETF meeting.

BOF name:  NFSv4 and Low Infrastructure Public Key Based GSS Security 
Mechanisms
Area: Security Area
Chair: Jeffrey Hutzelman

If this topic is of interest to you please email your questions and 
concerns to the mail list (spkm@ietf.org).

Problem Statement:

    The NFSv4 protocol has a need for low infrastructure PKI based GSS 
security mechanism(s) that provide for the creation of a secure channel 
using mutual authentication where    
    1) both user and server authenticate with public key certificates
    2) server authenticates with public key certificates, and the user 
authenticates with a username and password.
    
Current State:
    RFC3530 "Network File System (NFS) version 4 Protocol" mandates the 
use of RFC2847 "LIPKEY - A Low Infrastructure Public Key Mechanism Using 
SPKM". While RFC2847 fulfills the requirements of the problem
statement, there are areas where RFC2847 is outdated and/or 
underspecified. Futhermore, RFC2847 both replaces and refers to portions 
of RFC2025 "The Simple Public-Key GSS-API Mechanism (SPKM)" and is 
confusing to implementers. None the less, there are two implementations 
(Hummingbird and Linux) based upon RFC2847. 
draft-adamson-rfc2847-bis-01.txt, an update of RFC2847, is intended to 
address RFC2847 shortcomings and provide a complete specification that 
doesn't need [RFC2025] and that replaces [RFC2847]. 

Agenda:
    1) Need for a low infrastructure PK based GSS security mechanism for 
NFSV4
        - what is low infrastructure
        - existing markets
        - current implementations
    2) draft-adamson-rfc2847-bis-01.txt
        - issues brought up by IESG review
            - naming
            - algorithms
            - which diffie-hellman
            - clarify protocol security claims
            - whole document review
        - backwards compatibility with RFC2847 based implementations
    3) moving forward
        - finish draft-adamson-rfc2847-bis-01.txt
            - get draft into shape to submit to for IESG comments.
            - find reviewers
            - explore alternative GSS mechanisms


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed Oct 04 14:18:35 2006
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I see no reason why  TLS ciphers/ciphersuites should not facilitate key exc=
hange or key derivation based on traditional key stream lookups (e.g. an OT=
P algorithm). This is really no different architecturally to the use of UKM=
s, in NSA/DoD processes for govt-grade TLS ciphersuites, to vary the the ma=
c/enc TEKs formulated by asymmetric processes byuser/bytime. Whereas a mode=
rn UKM modifies the process of TEK key derivation  by moderating the asymme=
tric process generating the DerivedSessionToken, OTP streams could alternat=
ively moderate external-time-synced tek generation(s) that do specifically =
to NOT rely on asymmetric algorithms.
=20
I've already seen this happen in the TLS-like handshakes used in the OASIS =
ws-* family, when handling equivalent session token generation processes.  =
I.e. time synced key derivation processes influencing the TEKs in the deriv=
edSessionToken resulting from a SSL-like handshake based on prior _symmetri=
c_ key distribution to endpoints, only. The linking of external time to the=
 keys protecting security contexts of course impacts the evidentiary value =
of PDUs. This is arguably far more valuable in internal, (sub)layer 7 secur=
ity contexts (the ssl-like xml handshake's flowing over ws-reliablemessagin=
g or X.400 RTS in Nato nets), than layer 4 contexts (https/ssl flows over t=
cp on the public Internet). =20

> Date: Mon, 2 Oct 2006 11:51:23 +0200> From: magnus@rsasecurity.com> To: t=
ls@ietf.org> CC: > Subject: [TLS] Follow-up to comments on draft-linn-otp-t=
ls-00> > All,> > I would like to follow-up on some of the comments that Joh=
n and I have > received in the past and also received during the TLS sessio=
n at the 66th > IETF in Montreal. Firstly, I'd like to thank all the review=
ers; we really > appreciate you taking the time.> > Whether to layer on TLS=
-PSK or not> ----------------------------------> Several reviewers have sug=
gested that it would be architecturally> better if new ciphersuites would b=
e defined rather than attempting to> profile/extend TLS-PSK. There seems to=
 be a few reasons why the> current approach has not been seen as optimal:> =
> a) The term "key exchange" in TLS relates to the whole handshake as> oppo=
sed to the actual cryptographic key exchange (Pasi Eronen). Since> we're mo=
difying the handshake (new extensions, new alerts, ...) it> should follow t=
hat this is a new key exchange and hence should define> a new ciphersuite (=
or -suites).> > b) Interpretation of certain data (e.g. the psk_identity fi=
eld) will> vary depending on whether "ordinary" TLS-PSK is performed or not=
; this> is undesirable as servers will need to be prepared to interpret (an=
d> act upon) this field based on information in the Hello exchanges (Eric> =
Rescorla).> > I don't quite understand a) above. I don't see that RFC4346 s=
ays that the> key exchange defines the whole handshake. But even if this is=
 the case,> what about some of the extensions defined in RFC 4366, e.g. the=
> truncated_hmac one? It seems to me that that extension also modifies the>=
 behavior of the parties, without introducing new ciphersuites?> > On b) ab=
ove, I agree that this is undesirable. One way forward that I> can see - be=
sides defining new ciphersuites - would be to introduce> (and require use o=
f, when doing a handshake based on OTPs) a new> extension, along the lines =
of (obviously the syntax needs to be> corrected):> >        OTPHandshakePar=
ams otp_handshake_params<0..2^16-1>;>>        struct {>            OTPAlgor=
ithm otp_algorithm;>            ChallengeData challenge_data<0..>;>        =
    HardeningData hardening_data<0..>;>            KeyIdentifier key_identi=
fier<0..>;>            UserIdentifier user_identifier<0..>;>        } OTPHa=
ndshakeParams;> > This approach would allow not only signaling of the inten=
t of basing> the exchange on OTPs, but also to negotiate the actual OTP alg=
orithm> as well as related parameters. I note that the above should also ta=
ke> away the need to change the meaning of the psk_identity field,> somethi=
ng we anyway have been recommended not to do.> > What I'd like to ask is if=
 this mandatory "signaling" of OTP use would> be enough to resolve the conc=
erns raised about the layering on top of> the TLS-PSK ciphersuites?> > The =
strength of OTPs as a basis for TLS session keys> -------------------------=
---------------------------> There was a discussion about this in Montreal =
and I just want to> clarify:> > A typical OTP is 6 - 8 decimal digits long,=
 although alphanumerical OTPs > are also in use. In addition, some OTP syst=
ems employ centralized PINs, > meaning that the user provides a PIN in conj=
unction with the OTP. > Typically this would therefore give in the order of=
 33 - 40 bits of > entropy.  Through hardening, one can increase the resist=
ance. For example, > hardening by iterative hashes, as suggested in the cur=
rent draft, could > complicate an attack as follows: With 100,000 iteration=
s, the work load of > the attacker will be about 17 bits more, in effect ad=
ding about 17 bits of > strength (admittedly at a cost for the legit partie=
s). For the example > above, this would mean 50 - 57 bits of "entropy". Cle=
arly this is less > than even the 80-bit level offered through use of RSA 1=
024-bit keys, and I > agree we could make this fact explicit (e.g. through =
some detailed > examples) in the document and also add a recommendation to =
use the D-H-PSK > (with normal caveats about MITM) or RSA-PSK variants in t=
hese situations. > But I would not want to disallow the "direct" variant, f=
or example since > some connected OTP tokens may be able to emit considerab=
ly longer OTPs > when in connected mode, and therefore would not need D-H (=
or the use of a > PKI with RSA). (Longer OTPs in connected mode do not need=
 to degrade the > user experience since the user in these cases only enters=
 the PIN, the OTP > is programmatically retrieved. Long OTPs also eliminate=
 or at least reduce > the need for "hardening").> > -- Magnus> > > ________=
_______________________________________> TLS mailing list> TLS@lists.ietf.o=
rg> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
_________________________________________________________________
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<body><BR><BR>I see no reason why&nbsp; TLS ciphers/ciphersuites should not=
 facilitate key exchange or key derivation based on traditional key stream =
lookups (e.g. an OTP algorithm). This is really no different architecturall=
y to the use of UKMs, in NSA/DoD processes for govt-grade TLS ciphersuites,=
 to vary the the mac/enc TEKs formulated by asymmetric processes byuser/byt=
ime. Whereas a modern UKM modifies the process of TEK key derivation &nbsp;=
by moderating the asymmetric process generating the DerivedSessionToken, OT=
P streams&nbsp;could alternatively moderate external-time-synced tek genera=
tion(s) that do specifically to NOT rely on asymmetric algorithms.<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
I've already seen this happen in the TLS-like handshakes used in the OASIS =
ws-* family, when handling equivalent&nbsp;session token generation process=
es.&nbsp; I.e. time synced key derivation processes <FONT>influencing </FON=
T>the TEKs in the <FONT>derivedSessionToken resulting from a SSL-like hands=
hake based on prior _symmetric_ key distribution to endpoints, only</FONT>.=
 The linking of external time to the keys protecting security contexts of c=
ourse impacts the evidentiary value of PDUs. This is arguably far more valu=
able in internal, (sub)layer 7 security contexts (the ssl-like xml handshak=
e's flowing over ws-<FONT>reliablemessaging or X.400 <FONT>RTS in Nato nets=
</FONT></FONT>), than layer 4 contexts (https/ssl flows over&nbsp;tcp on th=
e public Internet).&nbsp; <BR><BR><BR><BR>
<HR id=3DstopSpelling>
&gt; Date: Mon, 2 Oct 2006 11:51:23 +0200<BR>&gt; From: magnus@rsasecurity.=
com<BR>&gt; To: tls@ietf.org<BR>&gt; CC: <BR>&gt; Subject: [TLS] Follow-up =
to comments on draft-linn-otp-tls-00<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; All,<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt;=
 I&nbsp;would&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;follow-up&nbsp;on&nbsp;some&nbsp;of&nb=
sp;the&nbsp;comments&nbsp;that&nbsp;John&nbsp;and&nbsp;I&nbsp;have&nbsp;<BR=
>&gt; received&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;past&nbsp;and&nbsp;also&nbsp;received&=
nbsp;during&nbsp;the&nbsp;TLS&nbsp;session&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;66th&nbsp;=
<BR>&gt; IETF&nbsp;in&nbsp;Montreal.&nbsp;Firstly,&nbsp;I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;=
to&nbsp;thank&nbsp;all&nbsp;the&nbsp;reviewers;&nbsp;we&nbsp;really&nbsp;<B=
R>&gt; appreciate&nbsp;you&nbsp;taking&nbsp;the&nbsp;time.<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt;=
 Whether&nbsp;to&nbsp;layer&nbsp;on&nbsp;TLS-PSK&nbsp;or&nbsp;not<BR>&gt; -=
---------------------------------<BR>&gt; Several&nbsp;reviewers&nbsp;have&=
nbsp;suggested&nbsp;that&nbsp;it&nbsp;would&nbsp;be&nbsp;architecturally<BR=
>&gt; better&nbsp;if&nbsp;new&nbsp;ciphersuites&nbsp;would&nbsp;be&nbsp;def=
ined&nbsp;rather&nbsp;than&nbsp;attempting&nbsp;to<BR>&gt; profile/extend&n=
bsp;TLS-PSK.&nbsp;There&nbsp;seems&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;rea=
sons&nbsp;why&nbsp;the<BR>&gt; current&nbsp;approach&nbsp;has&nbsp;not&nbsp=
;been&nbsp;seen&nbsp;as&nbsp;optimal:<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; a)&nbsp;The&nbsp;ter=
m&nbsp;"key&nbsp;exchange"&nbsp;in&nbsp;TLS&nbsp;relates&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&n=
bsp;whole&nbsp;handshake&nbsp;as<BR>&gt; opposed&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;actu=
al&nbsp;cryptographic&nbsp;key&nbsp;exchange&nbsp;(Pasi&nbsp;Eronen).&nbsp;=
Since<BR>&gt; we're&nbsp;modifying&nbsp;the&nbsp;handshake&nbsp;(new&nbsp;e=
xtensions,&nbsp;new&nbsp;alerts,&nbsp;...)&nbsp;it<BR>&gt; should&nbsp;foll=
ow&nbsp;that&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;key&nbsp;exchange&nbsp;=
and&nbsp;hence&nbsp;should&nbsp;define<BR>&gt; a&nbsp;new&nbsp;ciphersuite&=
nbsp;(or&nbsp;-suites).<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; b)&nbsp;Interpretation&nbsp;of&nbs=
p;certain&nbsp;data&nbsp;(e.g.&nbsp;the&nbsp;psk_identity&nbsp;field)&nbsp;=
will<BR>&gt; vary&nbsp;depending&nbsp;on&nbsp;whether&nbsp;"ordinary"&nbsp;=
TLS-PSK&nbsp;is&nbsp;performed&nbsp;or&nbsp;not;&nbsp;this<BR>&gt; is&nbsp;=
undesirable&nbsp;as&nbsp;servers&nbsp;will&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;p=
repared&nbsp;to&nbsp;interpret&nbsp;(and<BR>&gt; act&nbsp;upon)&nbsp;this&n=
bsp;field&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;information&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Hello&n=
bsp;exchanges&nbsp;(Eric<BR>&gt; Rescorla).<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; I&nbsp;don't&n=
bsp;quite&nbsp;understand&nbsp;a)&nbsp;above.&nbsp;I&nbsp;don't&nbsp;see&nb=
sp;that&nbsp;RFC4346&nbsp;says&nbsp;that&nbsp;the<BR>&gt; key&nbsp;exchange=
&nbsp;defines&nbsp;the&nbsp;whole&nbsp;handshake.&nbsp;But&nbsp;even&nbsp;i=
f&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;case,<BR>&gt; what&nbsp;about&nbsp;some&n=
bsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;extensions&nbsp;defined&nbsp;in&nbsp;RFC&nbsp;4366,&nb=
sp;e.g.&nbsp;the<BR>&gt; truncated_hmac&nbsp;one?&nbsp;It&nbsp;seems&nbsp;t=
o&nbsp;me&nbsp;that&nbsp;that&nbsp;extension&nbsp;also&nbsp;modifies&nbsp;t=
he<BR>&gt; behavior&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;parties,&nbsp;without&nbsp;introd=
ucing&nbsp;new&nbsp;ciphersuites?<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; On&nbsp;b)&nbsp;above,&n=
bsp;I&nbsp;agree&nbsp;that&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;undesirable.&nbsp;One&nbs=
p;way&nbsp;forward&nbsp;that&nbsp;I<BR>&gt; can&nbsp;see&nbsp;-&nbsp;beside=
s&nbsp;defining&nbsp;new&nbsp;ciphersuites&nbsp;-&nbsp;would&nbsp;be&nbsp;t=
o&nbsp;introduce<BR>&gt; (and&nbsp;require&nbsp;use&nbsp;of,&nbsp;when&nbsp=
;doing&nbsp;a&nbsp;handshake&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;OTPs)&nbsp;a&nbsp;new<=
BR>&gt; extension,&nbsp;along&nbsp;the&nbsp;lines&nbsp;of&nbsp;(obviously&n=
bsp;the&nbsp;syntax&nbsp;needs&nbsp;to&nbsp;be<BR>&gt; corrected):<BR>&gt; =
<BR>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OTPHandshakeParams&nbsp;=
otp_handshake_params&lt;0..2^16-1&gt;;&gt;<BR>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;struct&nbsp;{<BR>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OTPAlgorithm&nbsp;otp_algorithm;<BR>&gt; &nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ChallengeDat=
a&nbsp;challenge_data&lt;0..&gt;;<BR>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HardeningData&nbsp;hardening_data&lt;0..&g=
t;;<BR>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;KeyIdentifier&nbsp;key_identifier&lt;0..&gt;;<BR>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;UserIdentifier&nbsp;user_id=
entifier&lt;0..&gt;;<BR>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}&nb=
sp;OTPHandshakeParams;<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; This&nbsp;approach&nbsp;would&nbsp;=
allow&nbsp;not&nbsp;only&nbsp;signaling&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;intent&nbsp;o=
f&nbsp;basing<BR>&gt; the&nbsp;exchange&nbsp;on&nbsp;OTPs,&nbsp;but&nbsp;al=
so&nbsp;to&nbsp;negotiate&nbsp;the&nbsp;actual&nbsp;OTP&nbsp;algorithm<BR>&=
gt; as&nbsp;well&nbsp;as&nbsp;related&nbsp;parameters.&nbsp;I&nbsp;note&nbs=
p;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;above&nbsp;should&nbsp;also&nbsp;take<BR>&gt; away&nbs=
p;the&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;change&nbsp;the&nbsp;meaning&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&=
nbsp;psk_identity&nbsp;field,<BR>&gt; something&nbsp;we&nbsp;anyway&nbsp;ha=
ve&nbsp;been&nbsp;recommended&nbsp;not&nbsp;to&nbsp;do.<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; Wh=
at&nbsp;I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;ask&nbsp;is&nbsp;if&nbsp;this&nbsp;manda=
tory&nbsp;"signaling"&nbsp;of&nbsp;OTP&nbsp;use&nbsp;would<BR>&gt; be&nbsp;=
enough&nbsp;to&nbsp;resolve&nbsp;the&nbsp;concerns&nbsp;raised&nbsp;about&n=
bsp;the&nbsp;layering&nbsp;on&nbsp;top&nbsp;of<BR>&gt; the&nbsp;TLS-PSK&nbs=
p;ciphersuites?<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; The&nbsp;strength&nbsp;of&nbsp;OTPs&nbsp;a=
s&nbsp;a&nbsp;basis&nbsp;for&nbsp;TLS&nbsp;session&nbsp;keys<BR>&gt; ------=
----------------------------------------------<BR>&gt; There&nbsp;was&nbsp;=
a&nbsp;discussion&nbsp;about&nbsp;this&nbsp;in&nbsp;Montreal&nbsp;and&nbsp;=
I&nbsp;just&nbsp;want&nbsp;to<BR>&gt; clarify:<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; A&nbsp;typi=
cal&nbsp;OTP&nbsp;is&nbsp;6&nbsp;-&nbsp;8&nbsp;decimal&nbsp;digits&nbsp;lon=
g,&nbsp;although&nbsp;alphanumerical&nbsp;OTPs&nbsp;<BR>&gt; are&nbsp;also&=
nbsp;in&nbsp;use.&nbsp;In&nbsp;addition,&nbsp;some&nbsp;OTP&nbsp;systems&nb=
sp;employ&nbsp;centralized&nbsp;PINs,&nbsp;<BR>&gt; meaning&nbsp;that&nbsp;=
the&nbsp;user&nbsp;provides&nbsp;a&nbsp;PIN&nbsp;in&nbsp;conjunction&nbsp;w=
ith&nbsp;the&nbsp;OTP.&nbsp;<BR>&gt; Typically&nbsp;this&nbsp;would&nbsp;th=
erefore&nbsp;give&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;order&nbsp;of&nbsp;33&nbsp;-&nbsp;4=
0&nbsp;bits&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>&gt; entropy.&nbsp;&nbsp;Through&nbsp;hardenin=
g,&nbsp;one&nbsp;can&nbsp;increase&nbsp;the&nbsp;resistance.&nbsp;For&nbsp;=
example,&nbsp;<BR>&gt; hardening&nbsp;by&nbsp;iterative&nbsp;hashes,&nbsp;a=
s&nbsp;suggested&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;current&nbsp;draft,&nbsp;could&nbsp;=
<BR>&gt; complicate&nbsp;an&nbsp;attack&nbsp;as&nbsp;follows:&nbsp;With&nbs=
p;100,000&nbsp;iterations,&nbsp;the&nbsp;work&nbsp;load&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>&g=
t; the&nbsp;attacker&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;about&nbsp;17&nbsp;bits&nbsp;mo=
re,&nbsp;in&nbsp;effect&nbsp;adding&nbsp;about&nbsp;17&nbsp;bits&nbsp;of&nb=
sp;<BR>&gt; strength&nbsp;(admittedly&nbsp;at&nbsp;a&nbsp;cost&nbsp;for&nbs=
p;the&nbsp;legit&nbsp;parties).&nbsp;For&nbsp;the&nbsp;example&nbsp;<BR>&gt=
; above,&nbsp;this&nbsp;would&nbsp;mean&nbsp;50&nbsp;-&nbsp;57&nbsp;bits&nb=
sp;of&nbsp;"entropy".&nbsp;Clearly&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;less&nbsp;<BR>&gt=
; than&nbsp;even&nbsp;the&nbsp;80-bit&nbsp;level&nbsp;offered&nbsp;through&=
nbsp;use&nbsp;of&nbsp;RSA&nbsp;1024-bit&nbsp;keys,&nbsp;and&nbsp;I&nbsp;<BR=
>&gt; agree&nbsp;we&nbsp;could&nbsp;make&nbsp;this&nbsp;fact&nbsp;explicit&=
nbsp;(e.g.&nbsp;through&nbsp;some&nbsp;detailed&nbsp;<BR>&gt; examples)&nbs=
p;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;document&nbsp;and&nbsp;also&nbsp;add&nbsp;a&nbsp;recomme=
ndation&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;the&nbsp;D-H-PSK&nbsp;<BR>&gt; (with&nbsp;nor=
mal&nbsp;caveats&nbsp;about&nbsp;MITM)&nbsp;or&nbsp;RSA-PSK&nbsp;variants&n=
bsp;in&nbsp;these&nbsp;situations.&nbsp;<BR>&gt; But&nbsp;I&nbsp;would&nbsp=
;not&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;disallow&nbsp;the&nbsp;"direct"&nbsp;variant,&n=
bsp;for&nbsp;example&nbsp;since&nbsp;<BR>&gt; some&nbsp;connected&nbsp;OTP&=
nbsp;tokens&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;emit&nbsp;considerably&=
nbsp;longer&nbsp;OTPs&nbsp;<BR>&gt; when&nbsp;in&nbsp;connected&nbsp;mode,&=
nbsp;and&nbsp;therefore&nbsp;would&nbsp;not&nbsp;need&nbsp;D-H&nbsp;(or&nbs=
p;the&nbsp;use&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>&gt; PKI&nbsp;with&nbsp;RSA).&nbsp;(=
Longer&nbsp;OTPs&nbsp;in&nbsp;connected&nbsp;mode&nbsp;do&nbsp;not&nbsp;nee=
d&nbsp;to&nbsp;degrade&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&gt; user&nbsp;experience&nbsp;sin=
ce&nbsp;the&nbsp;user&nbsp;in&nbsp;these&nbsp;cases&nbsp;only&nbsp;enters&n=
bsp;the&nbsp;PIN,&nbsp;the&nbsp;OTP&nbsp;<BR>&gt; is&nbsp;programmatically&=
nbsp;retrieved.&nbsp;Long&nbsp;OTPs&nbsp;also&nbsp;eliminate&nbsp;or&nbsp;a=
t&nbsp;least&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;<BR>&gt; the&nbsp;need&nbsp;for&nbsp;"hardeni=
ng").<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; --&nbsp;Magnus<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; ___________=
____________________________________<BR>&gt; TLS&nbsp;mailing&nbsp;list<BR>=
&gt; TLS@lists.ietf.org<BR>&gt; https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls<=
BR><BR><br /><hr />Share your special moments by uploading 500 photos per m=
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This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Pre-Shared Key Cipher Suites with NULL Encryption for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
	Author(s)	: U. Blumenthal, P. Goel
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tls-psk-null-02.txt
	Pages		: 5
	Date		: 2006-10-4
	
This document specifies authentication-only cipher suites for the 
   Pre-Shared Key based Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol to 
   support null encryption. These cipher suites are useful for countries 
   and places with cryptography-related restrictions.

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The IESG has received a request from the Transport Layer Security WG to 
consider the following document:

- 'Pre-Shared Key Cipher Suites with NULL Encryption for
   Transport Layer Security (TLS)'
   <draft-ietf-tls-psk-null-02.txt> as a Proposed Standard

The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
final comments on this action.  The IESG is especially interested in
feedback about this document being published as a Standards Track
RFC or an Informational RFC.  The TLS WG as asked for publication as
a Standards Track RFC, and the IESG would like to know if you think
this is the correct course of action or if you think it is more
appropriate to publish as an Informational RFC.  Please send any
comments to the iesg@ietf.org or ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by
2006-10-19.

The file can be obtained via
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tls-psk-null-02.txt


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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: david.nospam.hopwood@blueyonder.co.uk
Subject: Re: [TLS] PRF in TLS 1.2
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David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood@blueyonder.co.uk> writes:

>I don't see what the motivation is for changing the PRF at all.
>
>Sure, it's an inelegant construction, but that's not important.

What he said :-).

(Apologies for the time-warp reply, I've been travelling with no net access).

Peter.

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Subject: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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Yngve Petterson has pointed out [0] that there is some confusion
in how to interpret what version numbers ought to appear in
the ClientHello record in TLS handshakes. The issue is that
there are two numbers:

- the record version number
- the client hello version number

The text is quite clear that the second of these should be the
highest version you support. However, the text for the secodn
reads:

   "TLS clients who wish
   to negotiate with SSL 3.0 servers should send client hello messages
   using the SSL 3.0 record format and client hello structure, sending
   {3, 1} for the version field to note that they support TLS 1.0".	

I read this text as saying that if you are a client who supports TLS 1.0
and SSLv3, you should in general send the following values:

- record version number           {3, 0} (SSLv3)
- client hello version number     {3, 1} (TLSv1)

If the server decides to accept TLS 1.0, it should respond with the
following values:

- record version number           {3, 1} (TLSv1)
- client hello version number     {3, 1} (TLSv1)

Pettersen reports that in some cases this causes errors because servers
(inexplicably) use the record version in the negotiation.  However, I
think at the end of the day, that's a clear implementation error
and the spec should just clarify that the above behavior is what's
expected.

Comments?

-Ekr


[0] draft-ietf-pettersen-tls-interop-experience-00 (soon to
    be a TLS-WG draft but not published that way yet).



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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Oct 17 15:45:58 2006
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Stipulating for the moment that we intend to replace the PRF,
we're left with the issue of how to compute the verify_data.
Currently, the verify_data is computed as:    

           PRF(master_secret, finished_label, MD5(handshake_messages) +
           SHA-1(handshake_messages)) [0..11];

If you're not using MD5 for your PRF, it doesn't make sense to use
it here either. This leaves us with two possibilities:

1. PRF the handshake_messages directly.
2. Hash them first.

The argument for hashing them first is that it avoids having
to store them (2-5k) for the entire handshake. It also will
accomodate PRFs which won't take unlimited size data.

The argument against is that it puts the security of the 
handshake on an unkeyed hash rather than a MAC (since 
you only need to mount a 2nd preimage attack on the hash
and then you have 2nd preimage on MAC(K,hash).).

My preference here would be to move to PRF(messages) and
if new PRFs can't cope with that then they can specify
a hash reduction of their own. Recall that the PRF needs
to be able to deal with fairly large data anyway since
the PMS + randoms could easily be 300+ bytes...

Comments? 

-Ekr

P.S. Please don't use this thread to say you don't want to
replace the PRF at all. The only question here is what we
do if *do* replace the PRF.

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Oct 17 17:25:22 2006
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2006 14:24:21 -0700
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	Rescorla's message of "Tue, 17 Oct 2006 12:38:11 -0700")
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Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> writes:

> Yngve Petterson has pointed out [0] that there is some confusion
> in how to interpret what version numbers ought to appear in
> the ClientHello record in TLS handshakes. The issue is that
> there are two numbers:
>
> - the record version number
> - the client hello version number
>
> The text is quite clear that the second of these should be the
> highest version you support. However, the text for the secodn
> reads:

I had it pointed out to me in private that these are contradictory.
This should read:

  The text is quite clear that the second of these should be the
  highest version you support. However, the text for the first
  reads:


>    "TLS clients who wish
>    to negotiate with SSL 3.0 servers should send client hello messages
>    using the SSL 3.0 record format and client hello structure, sending
>    {3, 1} for the version field to note that they support TLS 1.0".	
>
> I read this text as saying that if you are a client who supports TLS 1.0
> and SSLv3, you should in general send the following values:
>
> - record version number           {3, 0} (SSLv3)
> - client hello version number     {3, 1} (TLSv1)
>
> If the server decides to accept TLS 1.0, it should respond with the
> following values:
>
> - record version number           {3, 1} (TLSv1)
> - client hello version number     {3, 1} (TLSv1)
>
> Pettersen reports that in some cases this causes errors because servers
> (inexplicably) use the record version in the negotiation.  However, I
> think at the end of the day, that's a clear implementation error
> and the spec should just clarify that the above behavior is what's
> expected.

-Ekr

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Thread-Topic: RFC 3456 - OCSP extension question
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In regards to the implementation of RFC 3546, in particular the OCSP =
extension. When the client does not wish to send any list of responders, =
what is the correct sequence to send (as a zero length vector apparently =
has a special meaning). It would appear (with my na=EFve understanding =
of RFC 2560) that it would be a list of ResponderID's (from RFC2560). =
But ResponderID's are CHOICE's, and I am not versed in my ASN.1 enough =
to know if there is a way to write zero of these).

=20

So what are the ASN.1 and DER of the correct response for no list. =
Thanks.

=20

      struct {

          CertificateStatusType status_type;

          select (status_type) {

              case ocsp: OCSPStatusRequest;

          } request;

      } CertificateStatusRequest;

=20

      enum { ocsp(1), (255) } CertificateStatusType;

=20

      struct {

          ResponderID responder_id_list<0..2^16-1>;

          Extensions  request_extensions;

      } OCSPStatusRequest;

=20

      opaque ResponderID<1..2^16-1>;

      opaque Extensions<0..2^16-1>;

=20

   In the OCSPStatusRequest, the "ResponderIDs" provides a list of OCSP

   responders that the client trusts.  A zero-length "responder_id_list"

   sequence has the special meaning that the responders are implicitly

   known to the server - e.g., by prior arrangement.  "Extensions" is a

   DER encoding of OCSP request extensions.

=20

   Both "ResponderID" and "Extensions" are DER-encoded ASN.1 types as

   defined in [OCSP].  "Extensions" is imported from [PKIX].  A zero-

   length "request_extensions" value means that there are no extensions

   (as opposed to a zero-length ASN.1 SEQUENCE, which is not valid for

   the "Extensions" type).

=20

=20


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	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.Section1
	{page:Section1;}
-->
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</head>

<body lang=3DEN-US link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple>

<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>In regards to the implementation of RFC 3546, in =
particular
the OCSP extension. When the client does not wish to send any list of
responders, what is the correct sequence to send (as a zero length =
vector
apparently has a special meaning). It would appear (with my na=EFve =
understanding
of RFC 2560) that it would be a list of ResponderID&#8217;s (from =
RFC2560). But
ResponderID&#8217;s are CHOICE&#8217;s, and I am not versed in my ASN.1 =
enough
to know if there is a way to write zero of these).<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>So what are the ASN.1 and DER of the correct =
response for no
list. Thanks.<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 struct {<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 CertificateStatusType =
status_type;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 select (status_type) =
{<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 case ocsp: =
OCSPStatusRequest;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 } =
request;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 } =
CertificateStatusRequest;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 enum { ocsp(1), (255) } =
CertificateStatusType;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 struct {<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 ResponderID =
responder_id_list&lt;0..2^16-1&gt;;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 Extensions=A0 =
request_extensions;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 } OCSPStatusRequest;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 opaque =
ResponderID&lt;1..2^16-1&gt;;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 opaque =
Extensions&lt;0..2^16-1&gt;;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0 In the OCSPStatusRequest, the =
&quot;ResponderIDs&quot;
provides a list of OCSP<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0 responders that the client trusts.=A0 A =
zero-length
&quot;responder_id_list&quot;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0 sequence has the special meaning that the =
responders are
implicitly<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0 known to the server - e.g., by prior =
arrangement.=A0
&quot;Extensions&quot; is a<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0 DER encoding of OCSP request =
extensions.<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0 Both &quot;ResponderID&quot; and =
&quot;Extensions&quot;
are DER-encoded ASN.1 types as<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0 defined in [OCSP].=A0 &quot;Extensions&quot; =
is imported
from [PKIX].=A0 A zero-<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0 length &quot;request_extensions&quot; value =
means that
there are no extensions<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0 (as opposed to a zero-length ASN.1 SEQUENCE, =
which is not
valid for<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>=A0=A0 the &quot;Extensions&quot; =
type).<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Oct 17 17:56:43 2006
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Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2006 14:55:55 -0700
From: Wan-Teh Chang <wtchang@redhat.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Open Issue: verify_data processing
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> 
> The argument against is that it puts the security of the 
> handshake on an unkeyed hash rather than a MAC (since 
> you only need to mount a 2nd preimage attack on the hash
> and then you have 2nd preimage on MAC(K,hash).).

You can use this argument against RSA, DSA, and ECDSA
signatures, too.

My preference is to hash the handshake_messages first.
The issue isn't that new PRFs can't cope with large data.
The issue is the new burden on TLS implementations to buffer
data of an indefinite length. Also consider the memory usage
of a busy TLS server that has a lot of handshakes in progress.

Wan-Teh

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On Oct 17, 2006, at 2:55 PM, Wan-Teh Chang wrote:

> Eric Rescorla wrote:
>> The argument against is that it puts the security of the handshake  
>> on an unkeyed hash rather than a MAC (since you only need to mount  
>> a 2nd preimage attack on the hash
>> and then you have 2nd preimage on MAC(K,hash).).
>
> You can use this argument against RSA, DSA, and ECDSA
> signatures, too.
>
> My preference is to hash the handshake_messages first.
> The issue isn't that new PRFs can't cope with large data.
> The issue is the new burden on TLS implementations to buffer
> data of an indefinite length. Also consider the memory usage
> of a busy TLS server that has a lot of handshakes in progress.
>
> Wan-Teh

   I would also prefer hashing. Our research team has successfully
created a TLS stack for tiny, wireless sensor devices like the
Berkeley "motes" with only 4KB of RAM (see
http://research.sun.com/spotlight/2004-12-20_vgupta.html
http://research.sun.com/projects/crypto/guptav_sizzle_pmc.pdf).
If the spec were modified to require storing the handshake messages
in full, then TLS (and derivatives like DTLS) would pretty much
be ruled out for this emerging class of devices.

vipul


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Subject: [TLS] Re: Open Issue: verify_data processing
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Vipul Gupta <Vipul.Gupta@sun.com> writes:

> On Oct 17, 2006, at 2:55 PM, Wan-Teh Chang wrote:
>
>> Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>> The argument against is that it puts the security of the handshake
>>> on an unkeyed hash rather than a MAC (since you only need to mount
>>> a 2nd preimage attack on the hash
>>> and then you have 2nd preimage on MAC(K,hash).).
>>
>> You can use this argument against RSA, DSA, and ECDSA
>> signatures, too.
>>
>> My preference is to hash the handshake_messages first.
>> The issue isn't that new PRFs can't cope with large data.
>> The issue is the new burden on TLS implementations to buffer
>> data of an indefinite length. Also consider the memory usage
>> of a busy TLS server that has a lot of handshakes in progress.
>>
>> Wan-Teh
>
>   I would also prefer hashing. Our research team has successfully
> created a TLS stack for tiny, wireless sensor devices like the
> Berkeley "motes" with only 4KB of RAM (see
> http://research.sun.com/spotlight/2004-12-20_vgupta.html
> http://research.sun.com/projects/crypto/guptav_sizzle_pmc.pdf).
> If the spec were modified to require storing the handshake messages
> in full, then TLS (and derivatives like DTLS) would pretty much
> be ruled out for this emerging class of devices.

One idea would be to make it possible to negotiate whether to hash the
handshake messages or not.

Perhaps by having the ciphersuite implies that a particular PRF is
used with or without hashing.

Personally, I would prefer to use the entire handshake messages as
input to the PRF, but I agree that you have a compelling argument to
hash them.

/Simon

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed Oct 18 08:03:44 2006
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Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2006 14:02:55 +0200
From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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> Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> writes:

>> Yngve Petterson has pointed out [0] that there is some confusion
>> in how to interpret what version numbers ought to appear in
>> the ClientHello record in TLS handshakes. [...]
>>    "TLS clients who wish
>>    to negotiate with SSL 3.0 servers should send client hello messages
>>    using the SSL 3.0 record format and client hello structure, sending
>>    {3, 1} for the version field to note that they support TLS 1.0".	
>>
>> I read this text as saying that if you are a client who supports TLS 1.0
>> and SSLv3, you should in general send the following values:
>>
>> - record version number           {3, 0} (SSLv3)
>> - client hello version number     {3, 1} (TLSv1)
>>
>> If the server decides to accept TLS 1.0, it should respond with the
>> following values:
>>
>> - record version number           {3, 1} (TLSv1)
>> - client hello version number     {3, 1} (TLSv1)
>>
>> Pettersen reports that in some cases this causes errors because servers
>> (inexplicably) use the record version in the negotiation.  However, I
>> think at the end of the day, that's a clear implementation error
>> and the spec should just clarify that the above behavior is what's
>> expected.

I agree that, by the wording of the specification, clients in this
setting should send {3, 0} as record version number and {3, 1} as
client hello version number, and that it is a clear implementation
error if servers do not properly handle this.  However, since there
*are* servers showing this bug, it is reasonable for clients to send
{3, 1} for both the record version number and the client hello version
number.  (The specification text only says "should", not "MUST".)

I don't agree that the RFCs are totally clear about the situation: for
example, RFC 2246 says "a TLS server which wishes to interoperate with
SSL 3.0 clients should accept SSL 3.0 client hello messages", but does
not say that TLS servers who do *not* wish to interoperate with TLS
3.0 clients should accept SSL 3.0 client hello messages anyway (since
the actual client hello protocol version may be TLS 1.0).  This
requirement is a logical consequence if we want the protocol to work,
but this is something that should be worked out in the specification
and not left for implementors to derive.  The wording in RFC 4346
(TLS 1.1) is even less clear because it does not mention the TLS 1.0
backwards compatibility case.

The proper way to resolve the situation appears to be:

- Clients MAY (not "should") use the lowest supported protocol version
  for the record version number, and must use the highest supported
  protocol version for the client hello version number.

- Servers MUST accept any {3, ??} record version number for the client
  hello and interpret the client hello message according to their
  supported protocol versions.  If the client hello version number
  denotes a protocol version supported by the server, use this
  version.  Otherwise, if the client hello version number is higher
  than any protocol version supported by the server, use the maximum
  protocol version supported by the server.  In this case, if the
  client hello version number is different from the client's record
  version number, then the server MAY send a fatal protocol_version
  alert if this server protocol version is below both the client hello
  version number and the client's record version number.

With this rule, servers can use the information conveyed in the record
version number / client hello version number combination if there is
some useful information (i.e. if the client is using the record
version number to provide the least protocol version supported), but
still no harm is done if clients send the client hello version number
as record version number to avoid confusing buggy servers.

Bodo


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TLS WG is scheduled to meet in San Diego as follows:

   TLS Session 1 (2 hours)
   Friday, Morning Session I 0900-1130
   Room Name: Nautilus 1

If you have something you'd like to present, please drop
a note to me and Eric.

Best regards,
Pasi

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed Oct 18 11:20:55 2006
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Subject: RE: [TLS] Open Issue: verify_data processing
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Vipul Gupta wrote:
> I would also prefer hashing. Our research team has successfully
> created a TLS stack for tiny, wireless sensor devices like the
> Berkeley "motes" with only 4KB of RAM (see
> http://research.sun.com/spotlight/2004-12-20_vgupta.html
> http://research.sun.com/projects/crypto/guptav_sizzle_pmc.pdf).
> If the spec were modified to require storing the handshake messages
> in full, then TLS (and derivatives like DTLS) would pretty much
> be ruled out for this emerging class of devices.

Is it obvious that hashing the messages requires less memory? Much of
the information in the handshake messages is either static, or has to
be kept around anyway -- and running hashes requires state, too.

For example, consider a TLS server that has just sent ServerHelloDone,
and has negotiated an RSA-based ciphersuite. At this point, the only
pieces of information from the handshake messages the server can
safely discard are:

- ClientHello.compression_methods (usually 2 bytes)
- ClientHello.cipher_suites (hmm.. 22 bytes with 10 ciphersuites?)
- ClientHello.session_id (just 1 byte if not resuming)
- Any unrecognized extensions in ClientHello (usually none)

All the rest has to be kept around anyway (at this point); and I'm
assuming the server certificate is static, so it's kept around=20
anyway (once, not separately for each TLS session).

In other words: at this particular point-of-time, hashing would allow
discarding ~25 bytes of information, at the cost of storing the hash
context -- which in e.g. OpenSSL is 96 bytes for SHA-1 and 216 bytes=20
for SHA-512.=20

If we're using RSA ciphersuites and a PRF that requires only one pass
over the data, the client can start calculating verify_data as soon as
ServerHello has been received, so it's not obvious that first
calculating
a hash and then running PRF over the hash would actually save anything.=20

Best regards,
Pasi

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To: "Eric Rescorla" <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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On 17/10/06, Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> wrote:
> Stipulating for the moment that we intend to replace the PRF,
> we're left with the issue of how to compute the verify_data.
> Currently, the verify_data is computed as:
>
>            PRF(master_secret, finished_label, MD5(handshake_messages) +
>            SHA-1(handshake_messages)) [0..11];
>
> If you're not using MD5 for your PRF, it doesn't make sense to use
> it here either. This leaves us with two possibilities:
>
> 1. PRF the handshake_messages directly.
> 2. Hash them first.
>
> The argument for hashing them first is that it avoids having
> to store them (2-5k) for the entire handshake. It also will
> accomodate PRFs which won't take unlimited size data.
>
> The argument against is that it puts the security of the
> handshake on an unkeyed hash rather than a MAC (since
> you only need to mount a 2nd preimage attack on the hash
> and then you have 2nd preimage on MAC(K,hash).).

A pedantic quibble here: this makes the assumption that a hash can
always be calculated by chaining partial inputs, which is not a
required property of hashes, just one we're used to having.

>
> My preference here would be to move to PRF(messages) and
> if new PRFs can't cope with that then they can specify
> a hash reduction of their own. Recall that the PRF needs
> to be able to deal with fairly large data anyway since
> the PMS + randoms could easily be 300+ bytes...
>
> Comments?
>
> -Ekr
>
> P.S. Please don't use this thread to say you don't want to
> replace the PRF at all. The only question here is what we
> do if *do* replace the PRF.
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed Oct 18 14:49:52 2006
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
To: bmoeller@acm.org (Bodo Moeller)
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Bodo Moeller wrote:
> Eric wrote: 
> >> the ClientHello record in TLS handshakes. [...]
> >>    "TLS clients who wish
> >>    to negotiate with SSL 3.0 servers should send client hello messages
> >>    using the SSL 3.0 record format and client hello structure, sending
> >>    {3, 1} for the version field to note that they support TLS 1.0".	
> >>
> >> I read this text as saying that if you are a client who supports TLS 1.0
> >> and SSLv3, you should in general send the following values:
> >>
> >> - record version number           {3, 0} (SSLv3)
> >> - client hello version number     {3, 1} (TLSv1)
> >>
> >> If the server decides to accept TLS 1.0, it should respond with the
> >> following values:
> >>
> >> - record version number           {3, 1} (TLSv1)
> >> - client hello version number     {3, 1} (TLSv1)
> >>
> >> Pettersen reports that in some cases this causes errors because servers
> >> (inexplicably) use the record version in the negotiation.  However, I
> >> think at the end of the day, that's a clear implementation error
> >> and the spec should just clarify that the above behavior is what's
> >> expected.

I fully agree with Eric.  This is the correct and most reasonable approach.

> 
> I agree that, by the wording of the specification, clients in this
> setting should send {3, 0} as record version number and {3, 1} as
> client hello version number, and that it is a clear implementation
> error if servers do not properly handle this.  However, since there
> *are* servers showing this bug, it is reasonable for clients to send
> {3, 1} for both the record version number and the client hello version
> number.  (The specification text only says "should", not "MUST".)

I violently disagree.

Although there are broken servers out there, the bug seems to result
in the negotiation of SSLv3 {3,0} instead of TLSv1 {3,1} if the
client uses the correct behaviour and places {3,0} in the record
protocol for backwards compatibility.  Although this might be
an undesirable result, it is neither a serious interoperability
problem nor a direct security vulnerability by itself.


However, the approach of the client using {3,1} in the record protocol
will rightfully cause some SSLv3-only Server to abort the handshake,
which amounts to a real interoperability problem, so clients ought
to be strongly discouraged from taking that approach.

Changing a spec to break interoperability with perfectly correct
(server) implementations (of SSLv3) is a pretty bad idea.


-Martin

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Clientside interoperability experiences for the SSL and TLS protocols
	Author(s)	: Y. Pettersen
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tls-interoperability-00.txt
	Pages		: 30
	Date		: 2006-10-18
	
   This document presents a number of problems encountered when
   implementing TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1 and TLS Extensions for clients, and
   their consequences.  The problems include servers that refuse to
   connect with clients supporting newer versions of the protocol, or
   that do not handle such negotiation properly.  Another problem
   encountered is the incorrect use of values in the protocol messages.


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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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On Wed, Oct 18, 2006 at 08:48:29PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:

>> I agree that, by the wording of the specification, clients in this
>> setting should send {3, 0} as record version number and {3, 1} as
>> client hello version number, and that it is a clear implementation
>> error if servers do not properly handle this.  However, since there
>> *are* servers showing this bug, it is reasonable for clients to send
>> {3, 1} for both the record version number and the client hello version
>> number.  (The specification text only says "should", not "MUST".)

> I violently disagree.
> 
> Although there are broken servers out there, the bug seems to result
> in the negotiation of SSLv3 {3,0} instead of TLSv1 {3,1} if the
> client uses the correct behaviour and places {3,0} in the record
> protocol for backwards compatibility.  Although this might be
> an undesirable result, it is neither a serious interoperability
> problem nor a direct security vulnerability by itself.

Well, SSL 3.0 does have more severe security vulnerabilities than
TLS 1.0 (http://www.imc.org/ietf-tls/mail-archive/msg03983.html),
although these shouldn't be too significant for typical use.  Also,
in some cases draft-pettersen-tls-interop-experience-00.txt does
report connection abortions due to this bug that could be avoided
by sending {3,1} in both version fields.

My impression was that sending {3,1} in both fields is less
problematic in practice than sending {3,0} as the record version
number and {3,1} as the client hello version number.  However, this
may be based on an incomplete assessment of what servers are out
there, and more importantly, how current servers will react
to similar situations involving newer and future protocol versions,
such as {3,2} (TLS 1.1), {3,3} (TLS 1.2), and {3,42} (a made-up future
protocol version that should cause servers to negotiate an existing
version).


> However, the approach of the client using {3,1} in the record protocol
> will rightfully cause some SSLv3-only Server to abort the handshake,
> which amounts to a real interoperability problem, so clients ought
> to be strongly discouraged from taking that approach.
> 
> Changing a spec to break interoperability with perfectly correct
> (server) implementations (of SSLv3) is a pretty bad idea.

In my view the main problem is that the speficification never clearly
and fully described how implementations should behave to guarantee
interoperability.  Just like the SSL 3.0 specification does not
require servers (SSL 3.0-only servers, that is) to accept {03, 01} in
the record version number, the TLS 1.0 specification does not require
servers (TLS 1.0-only servers) to accept {03, 00}.  In both cases, it
is to be hoped that implementors are wise enough to accept any version
that looks reasonably close, because the worst thing that can happen
is a connection failure, which isn't much worse than what you'd get if
you straightly reject the connection attempt after seeing the version
number: either way, this would be a connection failure, but servers
that are tolerant about the version number also may actually see the
connection succeed using the negotiated version number (based on the
client hello version number and the server's capabilities).

Bodo


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Simon Josefsson wrote:
> Vipul Gupta <Vipul.Gupta@sun.com> writes:
>>On Oct 17, 2006, at 2:55 PM, Wan-Teh Chang wrote:
>>>Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>>
>>>>The argument against is that it puts the security of the handshake
>>>>on an unkeyed hash rather than a MAC (since you only need to mount
>>>>a 2nd preimage attack on the hash
>>>>and then you have 2nd preimage on MAC(K,hash).).
>>>
>>>You can use this argument against RSA, DSA, and ECDSA
>>>signatures, too.
>>>
>>>My preference is to hash the handshake_messages first.
>>>The issue isn't that new PRFs can't cope with large data.
>>>The issue is the new burden on TLS implementations to buffer
>>>data of an indefinite length. Also consider the memory usage
>>>of a busy TLS server that has a lot of handshakes in progress.
>>
>>  I would also prefer hashing. Our research team has successfully
>>created a TLS stack for tiny, wireless sensor devices like the
>>Berkeley "motes" with only 4KB of RAM (see
>>http://research.sun.com/spotlight/2004-12-20_vgupta.html
>>http://research.sun.com/projects/crypto/guptav_sizzle_pmc.pdf).
>>If the spec were modified to require storing the handshake messages
>>in full, then TLS (and derivatives like DTLS) would pretty much
>>be ruled out for this emerging class of devices.
> 
> One idea would be to make it possible to negotiate whether to hash the
> handshake messages or not.

Please, no. Not only does this unnecessarily complicate the protocol and
its security analysis, it gives an attacker more options as to what to
attack.

(In general, adding negotiated alternatives as to how the handshake is
*verified* is a bad idea. Just decide on one of the possibilities; that
will almost never be worse than negotiation from a security point of view.)

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood@blueyonder.co.uk>



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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed Oct 18 18:57:41 2006
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Joshua Ball wrote:
> In regards to the implementation of RFC 3546, in particular the OCSP extension.
> When the client does not wish to send any list of responders, what is the correct
> sequence to send

A zero-length vector.

> (as a zero length vector apparently has a special meaning).

If the client does not wish to send a list, then logically it *must* be the
case that "the responders are implicitly known to the server - e.g., by prior
arrangement." Otherwise how would the server know which responder to use?

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood@blueyonder.co.uk>



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Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2006 16:58:37 -0700
From: Vipul Gupta <Vipul.Gupta@sun.com>
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Subject: [TLS] Missing text in PRF description?
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Section 5 in http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tls- 
rfc4346-bis-01.txt
seems to leave out details on how the label is used in the PRF  
computation.
An additional sentence like

PRF (secret, label, seed) = P_hash(secret, label + seed)

would clarify how the three inputs to the PRF are turned into two  
inputs for the P_hash.

vipul


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From: "Steven M. Bellovin" <smb@cs.columbia.edu>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Open Issue: verify_data processing
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On Wed, 18 Oct 2006 18:10:32 +0100, "Ben Laurie" <benl@google.com> wrote:

> A pedantic quibble here: this makes the assumption that a hash can
> always be calculated by chaining partial inputs, which is not a
> required property of hashes, just one we're used to having.
>
Indeed.  In fact, the desirability of this property has been raised at
some of the NIST hash function workshops -- some people think we will not
be able to preserve it in a future secure hash function.


		--Steven M. Bellovin, http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~smb

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed Oct 18 20:17:31 2006
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Missing text in PRF description?
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Yes, this is fixed in my local copy.

-Ekr

Vipul Gupta <Vipul.Gupta@sun.com> writes:

> Section 5 in http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tls-
> rfc4346-bis-01.txt
> seems to leave out details on how the label is used in the PRF
> computation.
> An additional sentence like
>
> PRF (secret, label, seed) = P_hash(secret, label + seed)
>
> would clarify how the three inputs to the PRF are turned into two
> inputs for the P_hash.
>
> vipul
>
>
> _______________________________________________
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> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed Oct 18 20:34:39 2006
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From: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Open Issue: verify_data processing
To: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> 
> Vipul Gupta wrote:
> > I would also prefer hashing. Our research team has successfully
> > created a TLS stack for tiny, wireless sensor devices like the
> > Berkeley "motes" with only 4KB of RAM (see
> > http://research.sun.com/spotlight/2004-12-20_vgupta.html
> > http://research.sun.com/projects/crypto/guptav_sizzle_pmc.pdf).
> > If the spec were modified to require storing the handshake messages
> > in full, then TLS (and derivatives like DTLS) would pretty much
> > be ruled out for this emerging class of devices.
> 
> Is it obvious that hashing the messages requires less memory? Much of
> the information in the handshake messages is either static, or has to
> be kept around anyway -- and running hashes requires state, too.

The memory requirements are significantly higher if the protocol
stack needs to keep all of the handshake messages around, and
a lot more code is required resulting in more bugs.

How much of the information from small&friendly handshake
message are retained with the session state is entirely irrelevant
here.  Some of the values may not be stored in the original form,
i.e. some implementations will store some protocol values as
byte values, others will store it as integers of varying sizes
(which may reverse the order of LSB/MSB in memory), and it
would result in extremely bloated and error-prone code if an
implementation tried to compute the hash over the handshake
messages from unparsed session state information.

There were proposals to allow additional handshake messages,
the client hello can carry an extension which the server does not
need to recognize, but which goes into the hanshake message hash.
Then there is a cert request message with a list of trusted CAs
which may be fairly long, and cert messages may actually contain
fairly long certificate chains, not only one single certificate.


Personally, I found the original scheme much more appealing
(smaller memory footprint, smaller code), where
the protocol stack did NOT need to keep the handshake messages
around.

Is there a real-world security benefit (not a pure academic one)
justifying such a burden-some change?


-Martin

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Subject: Re: [TLS] Open Issue: verify_data processing
To: smb@cs.columbia.edu (Steven M. Bellovin)
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Steven M. Bellovin wrote:
> 
> On Wed, 18 Oct 2006 18:10:32 +0100, "Ben Laurie" <benl@google.com> wrote:
> 
> > A pedantic quibble here: this makes the assumption that a hash can
> > always be calculated by chaining partial inputs, which is not a
> > required property of hashes, just one we're used to having.
> >
> Indeed.  In fact, the desirability of this property has been raised at
> some of the NIST hash function workshops -- some people think we will not
> be able to preserve it in a future secure hash function.

It will be interesting to see how they're going to sell such
hash functions to current consumers of PKI-based software.

PKCS#7/CMS as well as Web services security (xmlsig) applies digital
signatures to quite large blobs of data today.  Some of that data
does not fit into memory already today, and one definitely does
not want such a requirement on a busy server.

So any hash function without that property is likely not going
to be suitable for a drop-in replacement of installed base
PKI-based software.

-Martin

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On 19/10/06, Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> wrote:
> Steven M. Bellovin wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, 18 Oct 2006 18:10:32 +0100, "Ben Laurie" <benl@google.com> wrote:
> >
> > > A pedantic quibble here: this makes the assumption that a hash can
> > > always be calculated by chaining partial inputs, which is not a
> > > required property of hashes, just one we're used to having.
> > >
> > Indeed.  In fact, the desirability of this property has been raised at
> > some of the NIST hash function workshops -- some people think we will not
> > be able to preserve it in a future secure hash function.
>
> It will be interesting to see how they're going to sell such
> hash functions to current consumers of PKI-based software.
>
> PKCS#7/CMS as well as Web services security (xmlsig) applies digital
> signatures to quite large blobs of data today.  Some of that data
> does not fit into memory already today, and one definitely does
> not want such a requirement on a busy server.
>
> So any hash function without that property is likely not going
> to be suitable for a drop-in replacement of installed base
> PKI-based software.

So, a throwaway observation is that you can always derive a chained
hash function from an unchained one, by hashing fixed-size blocks then
hashing the hashes. Whether this preserves the properties needed I
suspect depends on the hash function and the block size.

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Thu Oct 19 09:10:50 2006
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Subject: [TLS] Straw poll about default PRF
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Let's try to close the default PRF issue before the San Diego 
meeting.

To summarize the issue: to meet its chartered goal of removing
dependencies to MD5 and SHA-1, TLS WG will most likely specify a 
PRF that is not based on MD5/SHA-1 (the exact details will be 
determined separately). TLS 1.2 will also most likely allow new 
ciphersuites to specify a ciphersuite-specific PRF (e.g. the 
GOST ciphersuites).

The remaining question is exactly how the PRF negotiation will 
work for those ciphersuites that don't specify anything, especially 
all the currently defined ciphersuites.

The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:

   1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words, 
   ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all 
   currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF 
   (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.

   2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites that
   explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites continue to
   use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.

Clearly neither alternative is horribly broken or unworkable, so this
is mainly a question of "which seems nicer". Some arguments that
have been made are as follows:

- Option 1 is not necessary, since there are no practical attacks
  against the current PRF (yet)
- Option 1 can cause implementation and/or interop problems
- On the other hand, changing PRF in SSLv3->TLS1.0 did not cause 
  big implementation and/or interop problems (there are interop 
  problems, but not because of the PRF).
- With option 1, all ciphersuites benefit without having to get
  new numbers (and there are lots of RFCs that would have to
  be updated).
- In order to have secure negotiation, all the PRFs that both
  sides support have to be secure against a specific kind of
  active attack (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2,
  or neither?).
- TLS versions older than 1.2 have to be enabled for long time
  (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2, or neither?).

Please state your opinion on the WG list within a week. When 
judging the WG consensus, I will also take into account the 
sense of the room at Montreal, where support for option 1 was 
practically unanimous.

Best regards,
Pasi


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Thu Oct 19 09:25:12 2006
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Subject: RE: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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Martin Rex wrote:

> However, the approach of the client using {3,1} in the record
> protocol will rightfully cause some SSLv3-only Server to abort the
> handshake, which amounts to a real interoperability problem, so
> clients ought to be strongly discouraged from taking that approach.

On the other hand, using {3,0} in the record protocol will cause=20
some TLS 1.0 servers to abort the handshake (or fail it some way).=20
Yngve's draft shows such servers do exist.

I don't think arguing which of them does it "rightfully" is very
useful (as Bodo pointed out, TLS 1.0 spec does not say that TLS
1.0-only servers should accept {3,0} in the record version);
we should be arguing about which approach will cause the least
amount of interop problems.

To this question, we don't seem to have a definitive answer yet.

> Changing a spec to break interoperability with perfectly correct
> (server) implementations (of SSLv3) is a pretty bad idea.

As basically all current TLS implementations send {3,1} in the=20
record version (when configured to support both SSLv3 and TLS 1.0),
interoperability with servers that reject this is already broken
in real world.

Best regards,
Pasi

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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll about default PRF
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I prefer Option 1.

At 09:09 AM 10/19/2006, Pasi Eronen wrote:

>Let's try to close the default PRF issue before the San Diego
>meeting.
>
>To summarize the issue: to meet its chartered goal of removing
>dependencies to MD5 and SHA-1, TLS WG will most likely specify a
>PRF that is not based on MD5/SHA-1 (the exact details will be
>determined separately). TLS 1.2 will also most likely allow new
>ciphersuites to specify a ciphersuite-specific PRF (e.g. the
>GOST ciphersuites).
>
>The remaining question is exactly how the PRF negotiation will
>work for those ciphersuites that don't specify anything, especially
>all the currently defined ciphersuites.
>
>The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:
>
>    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words,
>    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all
>    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF
>    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
>
>    2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites that
>    explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites continue to
>    use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
>
>Clearly neither alternative is horribly broken or unworkable, so this
>is mainly a question of "which seems nicer". Some arguments that
>have been made are as follows:
>
>- Option 1 is not necessary, since there are no practical attacks
>   against the current PRF (yet)
>- Option 1 can cause implementation and/or interop problems
>- On the other hand, changing PRF in SSLv3->TLS1.0 did not cause
>   big implementation and/or interop problems (there are interop
>   problems, but not because of the PRF).
>- With option 1, all ciphersuites benefit without having to get
>   new numbers (and there are lots of RFCs that would have to
>   be updated).
>- In order to have secure negotiation, all the PRFs that both
>   sides support have to be secure against a specific kind of
>   active attack (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2,
>   or neither?).
>- TLS versions older than 1.2 have to be enabled for long time
>   (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2, or neither?).
>
>Please state your opinion on the WG list within a week. When
>judging the WG consensus, I will also take into account the
>sense of the room at Montreal, where support for option 1 was
>practically unanimous.
>
>Best regards,
>Pasi
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>TLS mailing list
>TLS@lists.ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


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Subject: [TLS] Re: Straw poll about default PRF
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"Pasi Eronen" <pasi.eronen@nokia.com> writes:

> The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:
>
>    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words, 
>    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all 
>    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF 
>    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
>
>    2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites that
>    explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites continue to
>    use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
...
> Please state your opinion on the WG list within a week.

I have a (mild) preference for alternative 2 for these reasons:

* I prefer if all negotiations that influence which cryptographic
  algorithms are used is negotiated through the cipher suites.

* I prefer to de-couple PRF negotiation from TLS version level
  negotiation.

  Consider this: What if the new TLS 1.2 default PRF is broken, but
  the current TLS PRF is not broken?

  What should implements do?  Stop using TLS 1.2 and negotiate TLS
  1.1?  That would be quite unfortunate, especially if TLS 1.2 fixes
  other security problems or add important new features that
  implementations need.

* The TLS version number negotiation appears to be fragile.
  (Although, if TLS 1.2 fixed this problem with stricter text, and
  implementations followed it, this argument would go away.)

To me, there is only one disadvantage with alternative 2:

* We need to specify new cipher suites that use the new PRF.  That's
  some work, but seems do-able.

I could change my mind if some good arguments against 2 are presented.

/Simon

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Option 1, please.

Pasi Eronen wrote:
[SNIP]
>    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words, 
>    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all 
>    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF 
>    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
[SNIP]

-- 
sjl@ssh.com

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Thu Oct 19 09:42:51 2006
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To: Pasi Eronen <pasi.eronen@nokia.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll about default PRF
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On Thu, Oct 19, 2006 at 04:09:01PM +0300, Pasi Eronen wrote:

[...]
> The remaining question is exactly how the PRF negotiation will 
> work for those ciphersuites that don't specify anything, especially 
> all the currently defined ciphersuites.
> 
> The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:
> 
>    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words, 
>    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all 
>    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF 
>    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
> 
>    2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites that
>    explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites continue to
>    use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
[...]
> Please state your opinion on the WG list within a week. When 
> judging the WG consensus, I will also take into account the 
> sense of the room at Montreal, where support for option 1 was 
> practically unanimous.

Really?  According to Eric (<86k6403hqq.fsf@raman.networkresonance.com>,
18 Sep 2006), what was decided at Montreal was

< 1. The default PRF is the TLS 1.1 PRF with a single hash algorithm
<    and the entire key used as input to P_hash. 
< 2. All current cipher suites will use SHA-1 in TLS 1.2.
< 3. New cipher suites will by default use the TLS 1.1 PRF with whatever
<    hash they're using for HMAC.
< 4. New cipher suites can define a new PRF but it must use the same 
<    "API" as the TLS 1.1 PRF.

This variant looks worse to me than #1 above in that it would limit
existing ciphersuites to strictly 160-bit security for encryption (and
would limit the encryption security for new ciphersuites using these
defaults to whatever is deemed sufficient for authentication), and
would lead to a complicated situation where there are multiple PRFs
and where essentially similar ciphersuites might be using different
PRFs.

Option #1 above makes sense, provided that the new PRF is an actual
256-bit PRF or better.  But if no suitable candidate is agreed upon,
then we should rather stay with #2 until something apropriate comes
up.  Sorry for not sticking with one of the two options as you
outlined them ...

Bodo


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Thu Oct 19 09:43:45 2006
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I think it is better to don't ties the PRF only to the TLS version=20
number. Let us tie it to the identifier of the cipher_suite too.

Best regards,
Badra

Pasi Eronen a =E9crit :
> Let's try to close the default PRF issue before the San Diego=20
> meeting.
>
> To summarize the issue: to meet its chartered goal of removing
> dependencies to MD5 and SHA-1, TLS WG will most likely specify a=20
> PRF that is not based on MD5/SHA-1 (the exact details will be=20
> determined separately). TLS 1.2 will also most likely allow new=20
> ciphersuites to specify a ciphersuite-specific PRF (e.g. the=20
> GOST ciphersuites).
>
> The remaining question is exactly how the PRF negotiation will=20
> work for those ciphersuites that don't specify anything, especially=20
> all the currently defined ciphersuites.
>
> The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:
>
>    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words,=20
>    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all=20
>    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF=20
>    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
>
>    2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites that
>    explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites continue to
>    use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
>
> Clearly neither alternative is horribly broken or unworkable, so this
> is mainly a question of "which seems nicer". Some arguments that
> have been made are as follows:
>
> - Option 1 is not necessary, since there are no practical attacks
>   against the current PRF (yet)
> - Option 1 can cause implementation and/or interop problems
> - On the other hand, changing PRF in SSLv3->TLS1.0 did not cause=20
>   big implementation and/or interop problems (there are interop=20
>   problems, but not because of the PRF).
> - With option 1, all ciphersuites benefit without having to get
>   new numbers (and there are lots of RFCs that would have to
>   be updated).
> - In order to have secure negotiation, all the PRFs that both
>   sides support have to be secure against a specific kind of
>   active attack (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2,
>   or neither?).
> - TLS versions older than 1.2 have to be enabled for long time
>   (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2, or neither?).
>
> Please state your opinion on the WG list within a week. When=20
> judging the WG consensus, I will also take into account the=20
> sense of the room at Montreal, where support for option 1 was=20
> practically unanimous.
>
> Best regards,
> Pasi
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>
>  =20



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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Thu Oct 19 09:47:07 2006
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll about default PRF
To: pasi.eronen@nokia.com (Pasi Eronen)
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Pasi Eronen wrote:
> 
>    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words, 
>    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all 
>    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF 
>    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.

I would prefer (1) over (2) *IF*, and only if the new PRF will _NOT_
need all of the handshake messages to be stored for the entire handshake.

-Martin

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Thu Oct 19 10:01:31 2006
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> 
> Martin Rex wrote:
> > However, the approach of the client using {3,1} in the record
> > protocol will rightfully cause some SSLv3-only Server to abort the
> > handshake, which amounts to a real interoperability problem, so
> > clients ought to be strongly discouraged from taking that approach.
> 
> On the other hand, using {3,0} in the record protocol will cause 
> some TLS 1.0 servers to abort the handshake (or fail it some way). 
> Yngve's draft shows such servers do exist.

There is not problem with requiring broken servers to be fixed.
There is a serious problem with requiring perfectly correct
implementations to be fixed to cater much newer broken implementations.

The availability of patches is likely better for newer implementations
(broken TLSv1) than for older implementations (correct SSLv3).

> 
> I don't think arguing which of them does it "rightfully" is very
> useful (as Bodo pointed out, TLS 1.0 spec does not say that TLS
> 1.0-only servers should accept {3,0} in the record version);

On the contrary.  The version on the record protocol is a PDU encoding,
and TLS was specifically designed to reuse most of SSLv3.

There is no requirement for a TLSv1 server to agree to talking
SSLv3 {3,1}, but it certainly is required to parse the SSLv3
record procotol without hitches!


> 
> As basically all current TLS implementations send {3,1} in the 
> record version (when configured to support both SSLv3 and TLS 1.0),
> interoperability with servers that reject this is already broken
> in real world.

Only the (TLSv1) servers that require this hack are broken, and
they're broken in a real stupid fashion.  Clients that are sending
{3,1} even with SSLv3 enabled are technically not broken, but they're
not doing what is recommended.  Only clients that do not offer the
user a switch to make them behave in the recommended fashion are
broken with regards to the spirit of the spec.

-Martin

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Simon:

If the TLS 1.2 PRF gets broken, can't a server demand the use of a 
ciphersuite that specifies its own yet-to-be-broken PRFs?

Russ

At 09:37 AM 10/19/2006, Simon Josefsson wrote:
>"Pasi Eronen" <pasi.eronen@nokia.com> writes:
>
> > The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:
> >
> >    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words,
> >    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all
> >    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF
> >    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
> >
> >    2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites that
> >    explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites continue to
> >    use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
>...
> > Please state your opinion on the WG list within a week.
>
>I have a (mild) preference for alternative 2 for these reasons:
>
>* I prefer if all negotiations that influence which cryptographic
>   algorithms are used is negotiated through the cipher suites.
>
>* I prefer to de-couple PRF negotiation from TLS version level
>   negotiation.
>
>   Consider this: What if the new TLS 1.2 default PRF is broken, but
>   the current TLS PRF is not broken?
>
>   What should implements do?  Stop using TLS 1.2 and negotiate TLS
>   1.1?  That would be quite unfortunate, especially if TLS 1.2 fixes
>   other security problems or add important new features that
>   implementations need.
>
>* The TLS version number negotiation appears to be fragile.
>   (Although, if TLS 1.2 fixed this problem with stricter text, and
>   implementations followed it, this argument would go away.)
>
>To me, there is only one disadvantage with alternative 2:
>
>* We need to specify new cipher suites that use the new PRF.  That's
>   some work, but seems do-able.
>
>I could change my mind if some good arguments against 2 are presented.
>
>/Simon
>
>_______________________________________________
>TLS mailing list
>TLS@lists.ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


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Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Straw poll about default PRF
From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
To: Russ Housley <housley@vigilsec.com>
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On Thu, 2006-10-19 at 10:26 -0400, Russ Housley wrote:
> Simon:
> 
> If the TLS 1.2 PRF gets broken, can't a server demand the use of a 
> ciphersuite that specifies its own yet-to-be-broken PRFs?

Yes, true, pending that such ciphersuites are specified and deployed.

It could also fall back to TLS 1.1 and use the old PRF.  If TLS >= 1.2
fixes other security problems, compared to TLS 1.1, there would be a
tradeoff: either run with the risks with a broken TLS 1.2 PRF or the
risks of the things broken in TLS 1.1 but fixed in TLS >= 1.2.

I consider it unlikely that the TLS 1.2 PRF will be broken faster than
the TLS 1.0 PRF -- although stranger things have happened... -- hence my
preference is only a mild one.  It is primarily based on the first
bullet below.

/Simon

> 
> Russ
> 
> At 09:37 AM 10/19/2006, Simon Josefsson wrote:
> >"Pasi Eronen" <pasi.eronen@nokia.com> writes:
> >
> > > The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:
> > >
> > >    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words,
> > >    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all
> > >    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF
> > >    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
> > >
> > >    2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites that
> > >    explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites continue to
> > >    use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
> >...
> > > Please state your opinion on the WG list within a week.
> >
> >I have a (mild) preference for alternative 2 for these reasons:
> >
> >* I prefer if all negotiations that influence which cryptographic
> >   algorithms are used is negotiated through the cipher suites.
> >
> >* I prefer to de-couple PRF negotiation from TLS version level
> >   negotiation.
> >
> >   Consider this: What if the new TLS 1.2 default PRF is broken, but
> >   the current TLS PRF is not broken?
> >
> >   What should implements do?  Stop using TLS 1.2 and negotiate TLS
> >   1.1?  That would be quite unfortunate, especially if TLS 1.2 fixes
> >   other security problems or add important new features that
> >   implementations need.
> >
> >* The TLS version number negotiation appears to be fragile.
> >   (Although, if TLS 1.2 fixed this problem with stricter text, and
> >   implementations followed it, this argument would go away.)
> >
> >To me, there is only one disadvantage with alternative 2:
> >
> >* We need to specify new cipher suites that use the new PRF.  That's
> >   some work, but seems do-able.
> >
> >I could change my mind if some good arguments against 2 are presented.
> >
> >/Simon
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >TLS mailing list
> >TLS@lists.ietf.org
> >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
> 


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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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On Thu, Oct 19, 2006 at 03:59:53PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:

>> I don't think arguing which of them does it "rightfully" is very
>> useful (as Bodo pointed out, TLS 1.0 spec does not say that TLS
>> 1.0-only servers should accept {3,0} in the record version);

> On the contrary.  The version on the record protocol is a PDU encoding,
> and TLS was specifically designed to reuse most of SSLv3.

Just like TLS 1.0 was designed to reuse most of SSL 3.0, SSL 3.0 was
designed to allow reuse in future protocol versions, and server
implementations of the SSL 3.0 specification should tolerate seeing
{3, 1} or later in the record version number used for the client
hello.  If implementations don't tolerate this, it is a deficiency,
just like it is a deficiency if TLS 1.0 implementations don't tolerate
{3, 0} in the record version number.  In neither case, it necessarily
deserves to be called a bug in the implementation since the actual bug
is the unclear language in the specifications.

Note that the SSL 3.0 specification (draft-freier-ssl-version3-02.txt)
can be read as implying that the record version number field will
contain the highest version of the protocol supported by the client,
not the fixed value {3, 0}.  Appendix E.1 (on the version 2 client
hello) has the following description:

     version           The highest version of the protocol supported
                       by the client (equals ProtocolVersion.version,
                       see Appendix A.1.1).

Appendix A.1.1 is on the record layer, not on the client hello;
App. E.1 could have said "equals ClientHello.client_version, see
Appendix A.4.1", but doesn't.  (The language that suggests that
TLS 1.0 servers may be doing better by sending {3, 0} in the record
version number, in contradiction to what is implied by E.1 and
A.1[.1], was only added with the TLS 1.0 specification, and only with
a fuzzy "should".)


> There is no requirement for a TLSv1 server to agree to talking
> SSLv3 {3,1}, but it certainly is required to parse the SSLv3
> record procotol without hitches!

This certainly would be a very reasonable requirement (as in the
reverse case of SSL 3.0 servers when faced with the TLS 1.0 record
protocol).  One problem is that the specification does not say that it
is a requirement.  The more important problem is that various fielded
servers don't behave as well as we would like them to (i.e. don't
handle {3, 0} cleanly), whereas SSL 3.0-only servers showing the
reverse problem (not handling {3, 1} cleanly) appear to be rather
rare.  Now it appears to be the case that most client implementations
offering both SSL 3.0 and TLS 1.0 do send {3, 1} as both the record
version number and the client hello version number, and appear to get
along quite well.  You could say that these clients focus on their
role as TLS 1.0 clients (trying to interoperate with buggy TLS 1.0
servers as well), and try to *also* be SSL 3.0 clients (but without
extra effort for interoperating with deficient servers).


Thinking of it, it might actually be best if some clients use the
highest supported version for the record version number, and others
use the lowest supported version there, because this diversity
increases the probability that server problems about not tolerating
"strange" record version numbers will be found and fixed.

Bodo


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Subject: Re: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
To: bmoeller@acm.org (Bodo Moeller)
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Bodo Moeller wrote:
> 
> On Thu, Oct 19, 2006 at 03:59:53PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> 
> >> I don't think arguing which of them does it "rightfully" is very
> >> useful (as Bodo pointed out, TLS 1.0 spec does not say that TLS
> >> 1.0-only servers should accept {3,0} in the record version);
> 
> > On the contrary.  The version on the record protocol is a PDU encoding,
> > and TLS was specifically designed to reuse most of SSLv3.
> 
> Just like TLS 1.0 was designed to reuse most of SSL 3.0, SSL 3.0 was
> designed to allow reuse in future protocol versions, and server
> implementations of the SSL 3.0 specification should tolerate seeing
> {3, 1} or later in the record version number used for the client
> hello.

I totally disagree.  An Implementation of SSLv3 knows at best
all PDUs up to and including {3,0}.  It does NOT know whether there
are any changes in the {3,1} record protocol, and by design, it
should NOT try to parse records tagged with {3,1}.

Existing patches to SSLv3 only server do not claim to parse the
{3,1} record protocol, they try to parse inappropriately tagged
{3,0} records instead.

Similarly as a simple X.509 certificate that doesn't contain any
X.509v3 attributes ought to be tagged as X.509v1.  Implementations
that do otherwise are broken.

The original TLSv1 spec didn't contain a MUST, but rather a SHOULD,
so we ought to retain a SHOULD, and not contort it to a MAY to
cater the installed base of broken TLSv1 server implementations.

The client should use the lowest protocol version it is willing to
negotiate on the record protocol of the client hello, and the
desired protocol version (per default the highest it implements)
in the client protocol version field of the client hello.

Technically, if a client would agree to either SSLv3 or TLSv1.1,
but NOT TLSv1.0, then having a recommendation for sending {3,1}
in the record protocol would be quite weird (I don't want to
discuss whether such a combination makes sense).

Anyway -- a reliable indicator for the server that the client
is going to agree to a SSLv3 handshake is the presence of
{3,0} in the record protocol of the client hello message.

-Martin

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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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On Thu, Oct 19, 2006 at 06:44:21PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> Bodo Moeller wrote:
>> On Thu, Oct 19, 2006 at 03:59:53PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:

>>>> I don't think arguing which of them does it "rightfully" is very
>>>> useful (as Bodo pointed out, TLS 1.0 spec does not say that TLS
>>>> 1.0-only servers should accept {3,0} in the record version);

>>> On the contrary.  The version on the record protocol is a PDU encoding,
>>> and TLS was specifically designed to reuse most of SSLv3.

>> Just like TLS 1.0 was designed to reuse most of SSL 3.0, SSL 3.0 was
>> designed to allow reuse in future protocol versions, and server
>> implementations of the SSL 3.0 specification should tolerate seeing
>> {3, 1} or later in the record version number used for the client
>> hello.

> I totally disagree.  An Implementation of SSLv3 knows at best
> all PDUs up to and including {3,0}.  It does NOT know whether there
> are any changes in the {3,1} record protocol, and by design, it
> should NOT try to parse records tagged with {3,1}.
> 
> Existing patches to SSLv3 only server do not claim to parse the
> {3,1} record protocol, they try to parse inappropriately tagged
> {3,0} records instead.
> 
> Similarly as a simple X.509 certificate that doesn't contain any
> X.509v3 attributes ought to be tagged as X.509v1.  Implementations
> that do otherwise are broken.

TLS 1.0 vs. SSL 3.0 is different than X.509v3 vs. X509v1 because it is
interactive: Faced with {3,1} records, a server that picks the SSL 3.0
protocol allows the client, in turn, to give the "You can't say we
never tried / ain't it time we said goodbye" fatal alert.  Oops,
sorry, wrong song, make that "protocol_version".

Remember that the SSL 3.0 specification and RFC 2426 and RFC 4346 all
imply that the record version number field is the "highest version of
the protocol supported by the client" (E.1 read in conjunction with
A.1.1 or A.1).  The language about "should send client hello messages
using the SSL 3.0 record format and client hello structure" could
reasonably be read as merely indicating that you can't send anything
that can't be parsed by following the SSL 3.0 specification and still
expect an SSL 3.0 handshake to succeed, in particular given that
RFC 2246 doesn't explicitly require TLS 1.0-only servers to tolerate
{3,0} in record version numbers.


> Technically, if a client would agree to either SSLv3 or TLSv1.1,
> but NOT TLSv1.0, then having a recommendation for sending {3,1}
> in the record protocol would be quite weird

Absolutely, but protocol versions that the client would agree to use
make some sense for the record version number field.

> Anyway -- a reliable indicator for the server that the client
> is going to agree to a SSLv3 handshake is the presence of
> {3,0} in the record protocol of the client hello message.

Agreed.  It just doesn't work the other way around, in practice: an
SSL 3.0 handshake may be possible even though the client did not
mention {3,0} anywhere.

Bodo


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Thu Oct 19 14:27:53 2006
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From: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
To: bmoeller@acm.org (Bodo Moeller)
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Bodo Moeller wrote:
> 
> Remember that the SSL 3.0 specification and RFC 2426 and RFC 4346 all
> imply that the record version number field is the "highest version of
> the protocol supported by the client" (E.1 read in conjunction with
> A.1.1 or A.1).

Quite to the contrary.

There is one missing word in RFC-2246 Appendix E, but I argue that
it is a poor excuse for ignoring the quite clear comments on the
purpose of the two seperate version foelds (client version and
protocol version) where the actual data elements are defined.

As I wrote in early July, rfc 2246 Appendix E reads:

>    TLS version 1.0 and SSL 3.0 are very similar; thus, supporting both
>    is easy. TLS clients who wish to negotiate with SSL 3.0 servers
>    should send client hello messages using the SSL 3.0 record format and
>    client hello structure, sending {3, 1} for the version field to note
>    that they support TLS 1.0. If the server supports only SSL 3.0, it
>    will respond with an SSL 3.0 server hello; if it supports TLS, with a
>    TLS server hello. The negotiation then proceeds as appropriate for
>    the negotiated protocol.
 
the missing word is here:

    sending {3, 1} for the client_version field to note
                           ^^^^^^^
>
> The language about "should send client hello messages
> using the SSL 3.0 record format and client hello structure" could
> reasonably be read as merely indicating that you can't send anything
> that can't be parsed by following the SSL 3.0 specification and still
> expect an SSL 3.0 handshake to succeed, in particular given that
> RFC 2246 doesn't explicitly require TLS 1.0-only servers to tolerate
> {3,0} in record version numbers.

I'm sorry, but if interoperability with SSLv3 is desired, this is
a very obvious implication.  And if "should send client hello messages
using the SSL 3.0 record format and client hello structure" isn't
clear, then I don't know what is clear.

Most, if not all protocol specs have defects or ambiguities.
The alleged ambiguity in Appendix E is fairly easy to figure by
doing a consistency check on the descriptions of the three
variants of version fiels "version, client_version, server_version"
throughout the document plus a grain of common sense.


The wording in rfc-2246 Appendix E suggests that this appendix was
written before TLSv1.0 was finalized, because it is vague in two
respects: it doesn't tell you wether the {3,1} record protocol differs
somehow from the {3,0} record protocol, and it doesn't tell you whether
the {3,1} ClientHello message differs from the {3,0} ClientHello
_structure_.

The record protocol NEVER EVER had a field to indicate the client_protocol
version in any version of the spec.  There are exactly two structures
to carry the client_version, the ClientHello and the PreMasterSecret.
And then there is the ServerHello structure which carries the
server(-selected/negotiated) protocol version.


This dicussion doesn't get us anywhere.  My proposal is to fix
the longstanding typo in Appendix E and to insert "client_"
where it has been missing.


-Martin


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Subject: RE: [TLS] Re: Straw poll about default PRF
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 2006 17:01:29 -0700
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From: Ari Medvinsky <arimed@windows.microsoft.com>
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I prefer method 1, I think that it's a cleaner approach then making prf
explicit in all new ciphersuites=20

-----Original Message-----
From: Simon Josefsson [mailto:jas@extundo.com]=20
Sent: Thursday, October 19, 2006 8:24 AM
To: Russ Housley
Cc: Pasi Eronen; tls mailing list
Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Straw poll about default PRF

On Thu, 2006-10-19 at 10:26 -0400, Russ Housley wrote:
> Simon:
>=20
> If the TLS 1.2 PRF gets broken, can't a server demand the use of a=20
> ciphersuite that specifies its own yet-to-be-broken PRFs?

Yes, true, pending that such ciphersuites are specified and deployed.

It could also fall back to TLS 1.1 and use the old PRF.  If TLS >=3D 1.2
fixes other security problems, compared to TLS 1.1, there would be a
tradeoff: either run with the risks with a broken TLS 1.2 PRF or the
risks of the things broken in TLS 1.1 but fixed in TLS >=3D 1.2.

I consider it unlikely that the TLS 1.2 PRF will be broken faster than
the TLS 1.0 PRF -- although stranger things have happened... -- hence my
preference is only a mild one.  It is primarily based on the first
bullet below.

/Simon

>=20
> Russ
>=20
> At 09:37 AM 10/19/2006, Simon Josefsson wrote:
> >"Pasi Eronen" <pasi.eronen@nokia.com> writes:
> >
> > > The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:
> > >
> > >    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other
words,
> > >    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all
> > >    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF
> > >    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
> > >
> > >    2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites that
> > >    explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites continue
to
> > >    use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is
negotiated.
> >...
> > > Please state your opinion on the WG list within a week.
> >
> >I have a (mild) preference for alternative 2 for these reasons:
> >
> >* I prefer if all negotiations that influence which cryptographic
> >   algorithms are used is negotiated through the cipher suites.
> >
> >* I prefer to de-couple PRF negotiation from TLS version level
> >   negotiation.
> >
> >   Consider this: What if the new TLS 1.2 default PRF is broken, but
> >   the current TLS PRF is not broken?
> >
> >   What should implements do?  Stop using TLS 1.2 and negotiate TLS
> >   1.1?  That would be quite unfortunate, especially if TLS 1.2 fixes
> >   other security problems or add important new features that
> >   implementations need.
> >
> >* The TLS version number negotiation appears to be fragile.
> >   (Although, if TLS 1.2 fixed this problem with stricter text, and
> >   implementations followed it, this argument would go away.)
> >
> >To me, there is only one disadvantage with alternative 2:
> >
> >* We need to specify new cipher suites that use the new PRF.  That's
> >   some work, but seems do-able.
> >
> >I could change my mind if some good arguments against 2 are
presented.
> >
> >/Simon
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >TLS mailing list
> >TLS@lists.ietf.org
> >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>=20


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Subject: RE: [TLS] Straw poll about default PRF
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I vote for Option 1.

Stefan Santesson
Senior Program Manager
Windows Security, Standards
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Pasi Eronen [mailto:pasi.eronen@nokia.com]
> Sent: den 19 oktober 2006 06:09
> To: tls mailing list
> Subject: [TLS] Straw poll about default PRF
>=20
>=20
> Let's try to close the default PRF issue before the San Diego
> meeting.
>=20
> To summarize the issue: to meet its chartered goal of removing
> dependencies to MD5 and SHA-1, TLS WG will most likely specify a
> PRF that is not based on MD5/SHA-1 (the exact details will be
> determined separately). TLS 1.2 will also most likely allow new
> ciphersuites to specify a ciphersuite-specific PRF (e.g. the
> GOST ciphersuites).
>=20
> The remaining question is exactly how the PRF negotiation will
> work for those ciphersuites that don't specify anything, especially
> all the currently defined ciphersuites.
>=20
> The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:
>=20
>    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words,
>    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all
>    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF
>    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
>=20
>    2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites that
>    explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites continue to
>    use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
>=20
> Clearly neither alternative is horribly broken or unworkable, so this
> is mainly a question of "which seems nicer". Some arguments that
> have been made are as follows:
>=20
> - Option 1 is not necessary, since there are no practical attacks
>   against the current PRF (yet)
> - Option 1 can cause implementation and/or interop problems
> - On the other hand, changing PRF in SSLv3->TLS1.0 did not cause
>   big implementation and/or interop problems (there are interop
>   problems, but not because of the PRF).
> - With option 1, all ciphersuites benefit without having to get
>   new numbers (and there are lots of RFCs that would have to
>   be updated).
> - In order to have secure negotiation, all the PRFs that both
>   sides support have to be secure against a specific kind of
>   active attack (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2,
>   or neither?).
> - TLS versions older than 1.2 have to be enabled for long time
>   (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2, or neither?).
>=20
> Please state your opinion on the WG list within a week. When
> judging the WG consensus, I will also take into account the
> sense of the room at Montreal, where support for option 1 was
> practically unanimous.
>=20
> Best regards,
> Pasi
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls

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Option 1 sounds good.=0D
Larry Hofer=0D

-----Original Message-----
From: Stefan Santesson [mailto:stefans@microsoft.com]=0D
Sent: Thursday, October 19, 2006 6:22 PM
To: Pasi Eronen; tls mailing list
Subject: RE: [TLS] Straw poll about default PRF

I vote for Option 1.

Stefan Santesson
Senior Program Manager
Windows Security, Standards
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Pasi Eronen [mailto:pasi.eronen@nokia.com]
> Sent: den 19 oktober 2006 06:09
> To: tls mailing list
> Subject: [TLS] Straw poll about default PRF
>=0D
>=0D
> Let's try to close the default PRF issue before the San Diego meeting.
>=0D
> To summarize the issue: to meet its chartered goal of removing=0D
> dependencies to MD5 and SHA-1, TLS WG will most likely specify a PRF=0D
> that is not based on MD5/SHA-1 (the exact details will be determined=0D
> separately). TLS 1.2 will also most likely allow new ciphersuites to=0D
> specify a ciphersuite-specific PRF (e.g. the GOST ciphersuites).
>=0D
> The remaining question is exactly how the PRF negotiation will work=0D
> for those ciphersuites that don't specify anything, especially all the

> currently defined ciphersuites.
>=0D
> The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:
>=0D
>    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words,
>    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all
>    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF
>    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
>=0D
>    2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites that
>    explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites continue to
>    use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
>=0D
> Clearly neither alternative is horribly broken or unworkable, so this=0D
> is mainly a question of "which seems nicer". Some arguments that have=0D
> been made are as follows:
>=0D
> - Option 1 is not necessary, since there are no practical attacks
>   against the current PRF (yet)
> - Option 1 can cause implementation and/or interop problems
> - On the other hand, changing PRF in SSLv3->TLS1.0 did not cause
>   big implementation and/or interop problems (there are interop
>   problems, but not because of the PRF).
> - With option 1, all ciphersuites benefit without having to get
>   new numbers (and there are lots of RFCs that would have to
>   be updated).
> - In order to have secure negotiation, all the PRFs that both
>   sides support have to be secure against a specific kind of
>   active attack (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2,
>   or neither?).
> - TLS versions older than 1.2 have to be enabled for long time
>   (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2, or neither?).
>=0D
> Please state your opinion on the WG list within a week. When judging=0D
> the WG consensus, I will also take into account the sense of the room=0D
> at Montreal, where support for option 1 was practically unanimous.
>=0D
> Best regards,
> Pasi
>=0D
>=0D
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> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls

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Pasi Eronen wrote:
> Let's try to close the default PRF issue before the San Diego 
> meeting.
> 
> To summarize the issue: to meet its chartered goal of removing
> dependencies to MD5 and SHA-1, TLS WG will most likely specify a 
> PRF that is not based on MD5/SHA-1 (the exact details will be 
> determined separately). TLS 1.2 will also most likely allow new 
> ciphersuites to specify a ciphersuite-specific PRF (e.g. the 
> GOST ciphersuites).
> 
> The remaining question is exactly how the PRF negotiation will 
> work for those ciphersuites that don't specify anything, especially 
> all the currently defined ciphersuites.
> 
> The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:
> 
>    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words, 
>    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all 
>    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF 
>    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
> 
>    2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites that
>    explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites continue to
>    use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.

I vote for option 1.

Wan-Teh Chang

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Fri Oct 20 03:05:45 2006
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Date: Fri, 20 Oct 2006 09:03:58 +0200
From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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On Thu, Oct 19, 2006 at 08:11:33PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> Bodo Moeller wrote:

>> Remember that the SSL 3.0 specification and RFC 2426 and RFC 4346 all
>> imply that the record version number field is the "highest version of
>> the protocol supported by the client" (E.1 read in conjunction with
>> A.1.1 or A.1).

> Quite to the contrary.

I am fully aware that language has been added in RFC 2426 and RFC 4346
that indicates that the record version number field should be be
{3, 0} for backwards compatibility.  However, here I was explicitly
referring to Appendix E.1, which consistently has said something else;
look at the SSL 3.0 specification, or at RFC 2426, or at RFC 4346.

Yes, perfect specifications probably would always have said that the
record version number field should use the lowest protocol version
supported by the client.  Well, but the SSL 3.0 specification didn't
do this, the TLS 1.0 specification arguably tried to do it, and the
TLS 1.1 specification again failed to do so!

If as a client you want to offer the choice between TLS 1.0 and
TLS 1.1, then according to RFC 4346 you should ("SHOULD", even) use
the SSL 3.0 record format, which would imply sending {3, 0} as the
record version number even though {3, 0} does not designate a protocol
version supported by the client!

So, after all, the presence of {3, 0} in the record protocol of the
client hello message is *not* a reliable indicator for the server that
the client is going to agree to a SSL 3.0 handshake ...  This is
something we had agreed upon before, but I have to take this back, at
least if implementors take this part of RFC 4346 that seriously.

What remains is my main conclusion that the language in the
specification in this regards is a total mess, and that we can't just
look what we would *like* the specification to be, but mostly at what
will work best with the implementations that are actually out there.


>                                          My proposal is to fix
> the longstanding typo in Appendix E and to insert "client_"
> where it has been missing.

I totally agree to this.  It is absolutely clear that Appendix E
should mention client_version explicitly when saying where the client
must put the highest supported version to be used for key agreement.

Bodo


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Option 2

(Option 1 may be suitable for the present situation but may become a liability
at the next version change.  Option 2 gives us the better long term control).

Tom Petch

----- Original Message -----
From: "Pasi Eronen" <pasi.eronen@nokia.com>
To: "tls mailing list" <tls@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, October 19, 2006 3:09 PM
Subject: [TLS] Straw poll about default PRF


>
> Let's try to close the default PRF issue before the San Diego
> meeting.
>
> To summarize the issue: to meet its chartered goal of removing
> dependencies to MD5 and SHA-1, TLS WG will most likely specify a
> PRF that is not based on MD5/SHA-1 (the exact details will be
> determined separately). TLS 1.2 will also most likely allow new
> ciphersuites to specify a ciphersuite-specific PRF (e.g. the
> GOST ciphersuites).
>
> The remaining question is exactly how the PRF negotiation will
> work for those ciphersuites that don't specify anything, especially
> all the currently defined ciphersuites.
>
> The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:
>
>    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words,
>    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all
>    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF
>    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
>
>    2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites that
>    explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites continue to
>    use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
>
> Clearly neither alternative is horribly broken or unworkable, so this
> is mainly a question of "which seems nicer". Some arguments that
> have been made are as follows:
>
> - Option 1 is not necessary, since there are no practical attacks
>   against the current PRF (yet)
> - Option 1 can cause implementation and/or interop problems
> - On the other hand, changing PRF in SSLv3->TLS1.0 did not cause
>   big implementation and/or interop problems (there are interop
>   problems, but not because of the PRF).
> - With option 1, all ciphersuites benefit without having to get
>   new numbers (and there are lots of RFCs that would have to
>   be updated).
> - In order to have secure negotiation, all the PRFs that both
>   sides support have to be secure against a specific kind of
>   active attack (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2,
>   or neither?).
> - TLS versions older than 1.2 have to be enabled for long time
>   (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2, or neither?).
>
> Please state your opinion on the WG list within a week. When
> judging the WG consensus, I will also take into account the
> sense of the room at Montreal, where support for option 1 was
> practically unanimous.
>
> Best regards,
> Pasi
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll about default PRF
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I prefer option 1.

-----------------------------------------------
Robert Dugal
Member of Development Group
Certicom Corp.
EMAIL: rdugal@certicom.com
PHONE: (905) 501-3848
FAX  : (905) 507-4230
WEBSITE: www.certicom.com

"Pasi Eronen" <pasi.eronen@nokia.com> wrote on 10/19/2006 09:09:01 AM:

> 
> Let's try to close the default PRF issue before the San Diego 
> meeting.
> 
> To summarize the issue: to meet its chartered goal of removing
> dependencies to MD5 and SHA-1, TLS WG will most likely specify a 
> PRF that is not based on MD5/SHA-1 (the exact details will be 
> determined separately). TLS 1.2 will also most likely allow new 
> ciphersuites to specify a ciphersuite-specific PRF (e.g. the 
> GOST ciphersuites).
> 
> The remaining question is exactly how the PRF negotiation will 
> work for those ciphersuites that don't specify anything, especially 
> all the currently defined ciphersuites.
> 
> The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:
> 
>    1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in other words, 
>    ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including all 
>    currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS 1.2 PRF 
>    (details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
> 
>    2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites that
>    explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites continue to
>    use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.
> 
> Clearly neither alternative is horribly broken or unworkable, so this
> is mainly a question of "which seems nicer". Some arguments that
> have been made are as follows:
> 
> - Option 1 is not necessary, since there are no practical attacks
>   against the current PRF (yet)
> - Option 1 can cause implementation and/or interop problems
> - On the other hand, changing PRF in SSLv3->TLS1.0 did not cause 
>   big implementation and/or interop problems (there are interop 
>   problems, but not because of the PRF).
> - With option 1, all ciphersuites benefit without having to get
>   new numbers (and there are lots of RFCs that would have to
>   be updated).
> - In order to have secure negotiation, all the PRFs that both
>   sides support have to be secure against a specific kind of
>   active attack (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2,
>   or neither?).
> - TLS versions older than 1.2 have to be enabled for long time
>   (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2, or neither?).
> 
> Please state your opinion on the WG list within a week. When 
> judging the WG consensus, I will also take into account the 
> sense of the room at Montreal, where support for option 1 was 
> practically unanimous.
> 
> Best regards,
> Pasi
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls

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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">I prefer option 1.</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"><br>
-----------------------------------------------<br>
Robert Dugal<br>
Member of Development Group<br>
Certicom Corp.<br>
EMAIL: rdugal@certicom.com<br>
PHONE: (905) 501-3848<br>
FAX &nbsp;: (905) 507-4230<br>
WEBSITE: www.certicom.com</font>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>&quot;Pasi Eronen&quot; &lt;pasi.eronen@nokia.com&gt;
wrote on 10/19/2006 09:09:01 AM:<br>
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Let's try to close the default PRF issue before the San Diego <br>
&gt; meeting.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; To summarize the issue: to meet its chartered goal of removing<br>
&gt; dependencies to MD5 and SHA-1, TLS WG will most likely specify a <br>
&gt; PRF that is not based on MD5/SHA-1 (the exact details will be <br>
&gt; determined separately). TLS 1.2 will also most likely allow new <br>
&gt; ciphersuites to specify a ciphersuite-specific PRF (e.g. the <br>
&gt; GOST ciphersuites).<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; The remaining question is exactly how the PRF negotiation will <br>
&gt; work for those ciphersuites that don't specify anything, especially
<br>
&gt; all the currently defined ciphersuites.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; The two main alternatives seem to be as follows:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;1) Default PRF is tied to the TLS version number: in
other words, <br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;ciphersuites that don't specify anything else (including
all <br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS
1.2 PRF <br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;(details of which are TBD) when TLS 1.2 is negotiated.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;2) The new PRF will be used only for new ciphersuites
that<br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;explicitly say so; all currently defined ciphersuites
continue to<br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;use the current (TLS 1.0/1.1) PRF even when TLS 1.2 is
negotiated.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Clearly neither alternative is horribly broken or unworkable, so this<br>
&gt; is mainly a question of &quot;which seems nicer&quot;. Some arguments
that<br>
&gt; have been made are as follows:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; - Option 1 is not necessary, since there are no practical attacks<br>
&gt; &nbsp; against the current PRF (yet)<br>
&gt; - Option 1 can cause implementation and/or interop problems<br>
&gt; - On the other hand, changing PRF in SSLv3-&gt;TLS1.0 did not cause
<br>
&gt; &nbsp; big implementation and/or interop problems (there are interop
<br>
&gt; &nbsp; problems, but not because of the PRF).<br>
&gt; - With option 1, all ciphersuites benefit without having to get<br>
&gt; &nbsp; new numbers (and there are lots of RFCs that would have to<br>
&gt; &nbsp; be updated).<br>
&gt; - In order to have secure negotiation, all the PRFs that both<br>
&gt; &nbsp; sides support have to be secure against a specific kind of<br>
&gt; &nbsp; active attack (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2,<br>
&gt; &nbsp; or neither?).<br>
&gt; - TLS versions older than 1.2 have to be enabled for long time<br>
&gt; &nbsp; (true, but would this suggest option 1 or 2, or neither?).<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Please state your opinion on the WG list within a week. When <br>
&gt; judging the WG consensus, I will also take into account the <br>
&gt; sense of the room at Montreal, where support for option 1 was <br>
&gt; practically unanimous.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Best regards,<br>
&gt; Pasi<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; _______________________________________________<br>
&gt; TLS mailing list<br>
&gt; TLS@lists.ietf.org<br>
&gt; https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls<br>
</font></tt>
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Subject: RE: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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Bodo Moeller wrote:
> What remains is my main conclusion that the language in the
> specification in this regards is a total mess, and that we can't just
> look what we would *like* the specification to be, but mostly at what
> will work best with the implementations that are actually out there.

I agree. Here's some suggested text; let's see if we can improve on
it somehow...

In Section 6.2.1, when describing the version field, add the=20
following text:

   "Note that a client that supports multiple versions of TLS may not
   know what version will be employed before it receives ServerHello.
   See Appendix E for discussion about what record layer version
   number should be employed for ClientHello."

And rewrite=20

E.1. Compatibility with TLS 1.0/1.1 and SSL 3.0

   For historical reasons and in order to avoid a profligate
   consumption of reserved port numbers, application protocols which
   are secured by various versions of TLS (1.0, 1.1, and 1.2) and SSL
   (2.0 and 3.0) all frequently share the same connection port: for
   example, the https protocol (HTTP secured by SSL or TLS) uses port
   443 regardless of which security protocol it is using. Thus, some
   mechanism must be determined to distinguish and negotiate among the
   various protocols.

   TLS versions 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2, and SSL 3.0 are very similar, and
   use compatible ClientHello messages; thus, supporting all of them
   is relatively easy.

   A TLS 1.2 client who wishes to negotiate with such older servers
   will send a normal TLS 1.2 ClientHello, containing { 3, 3 } (TLS
   1.2) in ClientHello.client_version. If the server does not support
   this version, it will respond with ServerHello containing an older
   version number. If the client agrees to use this version, the=20
   negotiation will proceed as appropriate for the negotiated protocol.

   If the version chosen by the server is not supported by the client=20
   (or not acceptable), the client MUST send a "protocol_version" alert=20
   message and close the connection.

   If a TLS server receives a ClientHello containing a version number
   greater than the highest version supported by the server, it MUST
   reply according to the highest version supported by the server.

   A TLS server can also receive a ClientHello containing version
   number smaller than the highest supported version. If the server
   wishes to negotiate with old clients, it will proceed as
   appropriate for the highest version supported by the server that=20
   is not greater than ClientHello.client_version. For example, if=20
   the server supports TLS 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2, and client_version is
   TLS 1.0, the server will proceed with a TLS 1.0 ServerHello. If=20
   server supports (or is willing to use) only versions greater=20
   than client_version, it MUST send a "protocol_version" alert=20
   message and close the connection.

   Whenever a client already knows the highest protocol known to a
   server (for example, when resuming a session), it SHOULD initiate
   the connection in that native protocol.

      Note: some server implementations are known to implement version
      negotiation incorrectly. For example, there are buggy TLS 1.0
      servers that simply close the connection when the client offers
      a version newer than TLS 1.0. Also, it is known that some
      servers will refuse connection if any TLS extensions are
      included in ClientHello.

      Interoperability with such buggy servers is a complex topic
      beyond the scope of this document, and may require multiple
      connection attempts by the client.

   Earlier versions of the TLS specification were not fully clear on
   what the record layer version number (TLSPlaintext.version) should
   contain when sending ClientHello (i.e., before it is known which
   version of the protocol will be employed). Thus, TLS servers
   compliant with this specification MUST accept any value {03,XX} as
   the record layer version number for ClientHello.

   TLS clients that wish to negotiate with older servers MAY send any
   value {03,XX} as the record layer version number. Typical values
   would be {03,00}, the lowest version number supported by the
   client, and the value of ClientHello.client_version. No single
   value will guarantee interoperability with all old servers,=20
   but this is a complex topic beyond the scope of this document.

(and move all discussion of SSL 2.0 discussion to separate section,
appendix E.2)

Best regards,
Pasi

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Subject: [TLS] Updated TLS 1.2
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I've submitted updated version of TLS 1.2. I note that we haven't
finished the PRF and verify_data discussions so those should
be considered preliminary. The major new change here is the
addition of a slot (though no cipher suites) for AEAD (combined
encryption and authentication) modes.

Until the draft is posted you can find a preliminary copy at:

https://scm.sipfoundry.org/rep/ietf-drafts/ekr/tls/tls.txt

-Ekr


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Pre-Shared Key Cipher Suites with NULL Encryption for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
	Author(s)	: U. Blumenthal, P. Goel
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tls-psk-null-03.txt
	Pages		: 5
	Date		: 2006-10-22
	
This document specifies authentication-only cipher suites (with no 
   encryption) for the Pre-Shared Key based Transport Layer Security 
   (TLS) protocol. These cipher suites are useful when authentication 
   and integrity protection is desired, but confidentiality is not 
   needed or not permitted.

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Oct 23 05:09:38 2006
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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com
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On Fri, Oct 20, 2006 at 03:26:12PM +0300, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> Bodo Moeller wrote:

>> What remains is my main conclusion that the language in the
>> specification in this regards is a total mess, and that we can't just
>> look what we would *like* the specification to be, but mostly at what
>> will work best with the implementations that are actually out there.

> I agree. Here's some suggested text; let's see if we can improve on
> it somehow...

Your suggestion looks quite good!  There are just two things I'd like
to change:

> E.1. Compatibility with TLS 1.0/1.1 and SSL 3.0
> 
>    For historical reasons and in order to avoid a profligate
>    consumption of reserved port numbers, application protocols which
>    are secured by various versions of TLS (1.0, 1.1, and 1.2) and SSL
>    (2.0 and 3.0) all frequently share the same connection port: for
>    example, the https protocol (HTTP secured by SSL or TLS) uses port
>    443 regardless of which security protocol it is using. Thus, some
>    mechanism must be determined to distinguish and negotiate among the
>    various protocols.
> 
>    TLS versions 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2, and SSL 3.0 are very similar, and
>    use compatible ClientHello messages; thus, supporting all of them
>    is relatively easy.
> 
>    [...]

I'd remove the discussion of ports.  If we really want to explain why
the TLS protocol has to do version negotiation, then for completeness
we'd also have to mention the various mechanisms of the STARTTLS
variety.  But I think all this distracts from what the TLS
specification is about; I think that the basic concept of version
negotiation is obvious enough that we don't have to explain the
background it detail.  Here's my proposal:

E.1. Compatibility with TLS 1.0/1.1 and SSL 3.0

   Since there are various versions of TLS (1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and any
   future versions) and SSL (2.0 and 3.0), means are needed to
   negotiate the specific protocol version to use.  The TLS protocol
   provides a built-in mechanism for version negotiation so as not to
   bother other protocol components with the complexities of version
   selection.

   TLS versions 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2, and SSL 3.0 are very similar, and
   use compatible ClientHello messages; thus, supporting all of them
   is relatively easy.

   [...]


My second change request is to specifically mention future protocol
versions, since mishandling of these is a frequent cause of problems.
So let's reword the second paragraph quoted above:

   TLS versions 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2, and SSL 3.0 are very similar, and
   use compatible ClientHello messages; thus, supporting all of them
   is relatively easy.  Similarly, servers can easily handle clients
   trying to use future versions of TLS as long as the clients still
   support the highest protocol version available in the server.

   [...]

Bodo


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: The TLS Protocol Version 1.2
	Author(s)	: T. Dierks, E. Rescorla
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis-02.txt
	Pages		: 113
	Date		: 2006-10-23
	
This document specifies Version 1.2 of the Transport Layer Security
   (TLS) protocol. The TLS protocol provides communications security
   over the Internet. The protocol allows client/server applications to
   communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping,
   tampering, or message forgery.

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Oct 24 13:19:28 2006
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Hi All,

We have an implementation of a TLS 1.0/1.1 stack for which we are 
seeking candidates for interoperability testing. None of the publicly 
available implementations that we have found implements TLS1.1 and we 
are therefore interested in getting access to a TLS implementation that 
does both TLS1.0 and TLS1.1 for interoperability testing and preferably 
also for regression testing.
Ideally we would like access to a trusted public domain implementation,
but as an alternative we could either consider access over the public
Internet or exchange a bundled test-suite with some other vendor under
an NDA.

Apart from the 1.1 support, an issue that surprises me somewhat is that
the static DH cipher suites, i.e. the TLS_DH_DSA and TLS_DH_RSA suites
rarely seems to be supported.
None of the TLS RFC's makes any statement, perhaps rightly, about
the AlgorithmIdentifier to use for DH keys in certificates. At the
same time it seems that X.509 DH certificates are somewhat arcane and I
have seen certificates using both 1.2.840.10046.2.1 (the X.509 suggested
dhpublicnumber) and  1.2.840.113549.1.3.1 (RSA/DH) as the
AlgorithmIdentifier as well as 1.2.840.113549.1.3.1 or
1.2.840.113549.1.5.16.1 (PKCS-8) for the private key id in the key-file.
Could it be that the lack of consistency here has something to do with
the lack of support for static DH in TLS?
Any comments or clarification here would be appreciated.

If anyone is interested in engaging in a mutual test setup, our interest
would involve testing out all of the RFC-4346 mandated cipher suites,
except the export suites, the Kerberos suites and the IDEA suite, with
and without client authentication, with and without "standard" stateful
session resumption and potentially stateful resumption per RFC-4507.

Thank you,

Jan Nordqvist
Software Architect
Lucent VitalAAA product group


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Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2006 12:43:18 -0700
From: Jan Nordqvist <jnordqvist@lucent.com>
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Subject: [TLS] Comments on RFC-4346
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After implementing a TLS 1.0/1.1 stack according to RFC-4346 and 
RFC-2246 (and other docs) intermixed with debugging sessions, mostly 
with a patched up version of puretls (thanks Eric Rescorla), I thought I 
would share some observations I have made about RFC-4346:
 

   1. The specification is a bit vague about which exact bytes of the
      SSLv2 Hello are used to calculate the handshake hash. In section
      E.1 of RFC 4346 the client hello is presented as one contiguous
      chunk of bytes with the v2 record protocol header included, but
      doesn't specifically point out that the two first msg_length bytes
      of the record header must be omitted from the hash calculation.
   2. There are few recommendations about what AlertLevel to use for
      each AlertDescription. It appears, as an example, that many
      implementations are using warning as the level for close_notify,
      although the RFC says nothing about what level to actually use.
   3. The definition of the CertificateRequest message specifies
      certificate_types and certificate_authorities as criteria for
      requesting certificates, but there is no mentioning how the two
      sets of values are used to select a certificate, i.e. is a
      certificate qualified if it matches only one of the sets or does
      it have to qualify to both.
   4. The only plausible reason for a server to request any of the
      rsa_fixed_dh or dss_fixed_dh certificate types is obviously after
      a static DH cipher suite has been negotiated and the server is
      "wishful" about getting a DH certificate whose engine parameters
      happens to match the server's certificate engine parameters in
      order to be able to exchange an empty ClientKeyExchange (section
      7.4.7). In any other case, DH certificates should be
      disadvantageous since the key ownership cannot be verified. It
      might be useful if the specification made a note about this fact.
   5. There is no mentioning of the details for how to perform the
      handshake with the TLS_NULL_WITH_NULL_NULL algorithm. Since the
      ClientKeyExchange message is specified as mandatory, one could
      assume that the ClientKeyExchange message would be specified with
      a case for a null algorithm in addition to rsa and diffie_hellman.
      Furthermore, the calculation of the verify_data in the Finished
      message is somewhat dubious since there is no master_secret to
      plug into the PRF, while at the same time the master_secret is
      defined to always be 48 bytes in length (section 8.1)

 
The TLS_NULL_WITH_NULL_NULL issue may not be overly significant given 
its fairly low security level :). At the same time it is mentioned as a 
defined cipher-suite as part of the TLS 1.1 definition, and it may be 
useful for debugging purposes.
 
Jan Nordqvist
Lucent VitalAAA product group

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Oct 24 16:30:42 2006
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Comments on RFC-4346
References: <453E6CD6.8010100@lucent.com>
From: EKR <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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Jan Nordqvist <jnordqvist@lucent.com> writes:
>   1. The specification is a bit vague about which exact bytes of the
>      SSLv2 Hello are used to calculate the handshake hash. In section
>      E.1 of RFC 4346 the client hello is presented as one contiguous
>      chunk of bytes with the v2 record protocol header included, but
>      doesn't specifically point out that the two first msg_length bytes
>      of the record header must be omitted from the hash calculation.
>   2. There are few recommendations about what AlertLevel to use for
>      each AlertDescription. It appears, as an example, that many
>      implementations are using warning as the level for close_notify,
>      although the RFC says nothing about what level to actually use.

Right. However, since fatal makes the session resumption unresumable,
it seems like warning is what you want.


>   3. The definition of the CertificateRequest message specifies
>      certificate_types and certificate_authorities as criteria for
>      requesting certificates, but there is no mentioning how the two
>      sets of values are used to select a certificate, i.e. is a
>      certificate qualified if it matches only one of the sets or does
>      it have to qualify to both.

It mist match both.

>   4. The only plausible reason for a server to request any of the
>      rsa_fixed_dh or dss_fixed_dh certificate types is obviously after
>      a static DH cipher suite has been negotiated and the server is
>      "wishful" about getting a DH certificate whose engine parameters
>      happens to match the server's certificate engine parameters in
>      order to be able to exchange an empty ClientKeyExchange (section
>      7.4.7). In any other case, DH certificates should be
>      disadvantageous since the key ownership cannot be verified. It
>      might be useful if the specification made a note about this fact.
>   5. There is no mentioning of the details for how to perform the
>      handshake with the TLS_NULL_WITH_NULL_NULL algorithm. Since the
>      ClientKeyExchange message is specified as mandatory, one could
>      assume that the ClientKeyExchange message would be specified with
>      a case for a null algorithm in addition to rsa and diffie_hellman.
>      Furthermore, the calculation of the verify_data in the Finished
>      message is somewhat dubious since there is no master_secret to
>      plug into the PRF, while at the same time the master_secret is
>      defined to always be 48 bytes in length (section 8.1)

It's forbidden to negotiate this algorithm (see S A.5).

-Ekr

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Oct 24 16:43:10 2006
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Comments on RFC-4346
To: jnordqvist@lucent.com (Jan Nordqvist)
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Jan Nordqvist wrote:
> 
>    3. The definition of the CertificateRequest message specifies
>       certificate_types and certificate_authorities as criteria for
>       requesting certificates, but there is no mentioning how the two
>       sets of values are used to select a certificate, i.e. is a
>       certificate qualified if it matches only one of the sets or does
>       it have to qualify to both.

A very large installed base of SSLv3/TLSv1.0 seems to entirely ignore
certificate_types for the selection (the vendor forgot to expose
this information at the low level APIs, so the callers above it,
e.g. Web Browser, can not use it for selecting the certificate).

Let's hope that CA's are careful when issuing CA certificates,
and do not use the exact same Subject DName but differing keys
(different in type, size or even just different bits).

-Martin

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Subject: RE: [TLS] RFC 3456 - OCSP extension question
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2006 14:00:09 -0700
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	<4536B117.7060304@blueyonder.co.uk>
From: Joshua Ball <Joshua.Ball@microsoft.com>
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Hmmm... maybe I am misunderstanding the statement: "by prior
arrangement"

The way we are doing OCSP responses here is through AIA's, not through
sending lists of ResponderID's around. The AIA is in the server cert,
which the server uses to get the OCSP response that we send back to the
client. Is this what is meant by "by prior arrangement"?

It seems to me there are three different methods being called out here:
1. by prior arrangement - a closed environment in which the server knows
which ResponderID's are OK to use.
2. send a list of ResponderID's - client sends a list, the server uses
one from the list.
3. use of the AIA - server gets OCSP response from URL in AIA of cert.

What I am trying to understand is how our client should be forming it's
OCSP extension in this last case (or if I am misunderstanding the last
case, when it really is part of #1).

So, assuming the server is not going to parse or know anything about
ResponderID's (we don't use them on the server), what should the client
be sending? A responder_id_list<0..2^16-1> vector of 0?=20

Thanks.

-----Original Message-----
From: David Hopwood [mailto:david.nospam.hopwood@blueyonder.co.uk]=20
Sent: Wednesday, October 18, 2006 3:56 PM
To: tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] RFC 3456 - OCSP extension question

Joshua Ball wrote:
> In regards to the implementation of RFC 3546, in particular the OCSP
extension.
> When the client does not wish to send any list of responders, what is=20
> the correct sequence to send

A zero-length vector.

> (as a zero length vector apparently has a special meaning).

If the client does not wish to send a list, then logically it *must* be
the case that "the responders are implicitly known to the server - e.g.,
by prior arrangement." Otherwise how would the server know which
responder to use?

--
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood@blueyonder.co.uk>



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To: "'ext Jan Nordqvist'" <jnordqvist@lucent.com>, <tls@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [TLS] TLS 1.1 and static DH
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Jan Nordqvist wrote:
> We have an implementation of a TLS 1.0/1.1 stack for which we are
> seeking candidates for interoperability testing. None of the
> publicly available implementations that we have found implements
> TLS1.1 and we are therefore interested in getting access to a TLS
> implementation that does both TLS1.0 and TLS1.1 for interoperability
> testing and preferably also for regression testing.  

Of the open source libraries, at least GnuTLS, TLS Lite, and Cryptlib
implement TLS 1.1. Opera web browser also has it, as does Certicom's
SSL-C library. (I'm not sure if any of those implement the static DH 
suites, though.)

Best regards,
Pasi


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"Pasi Eronen" <pasi.eronen@nokia.com> writes:

>Of the open source libraries, at least GnuTLS, TLS Lite, and Cryptlib
>implement TLS 1.1. Opera web browser also has it, as does Certicom's SSL-C
>library. (I'm not sure if any of those implement the static DH suites,
>though.)

cryptlib definitely doesn't do static DH... in fact does anything?  Why would
anyone do it at all, for that matter?

Peter.

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Subject: RE: [TLS] TLS 1.1 and static DH
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2006 13:28:53 +0300
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pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz wrote:

> cryptlib definitely doesn't do static DH... in fact does anything?
> Why would anyone do it at all, for that matter?

Based on a quick look at the source code, at least OpenSSL, Mozilla
NSS, and PureTLS appear to support static DH.=20

But I don't know why they do it either (or whether that part of the
code has actually ever been used or tested :-)

Best regards,
Pasi

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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] TLS 1.1 and static DH
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On Wed, Oct 25, 2006 at 01:28:53PM +0300, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz wrote:

>> cryptlib definitely doesn't do static DH... in fact does anything?
>> Why would anyone do it at all, for that matter?

> Based on a quick look at the source code, at least OpenSSL, Mozilla
> NSS, and PureTLS appear to support static DH. 
> 
> But I don't know why they do it either (or whether that part of the
> code has actually ever been used or tested :-)

OpenSSL doesn't support static DH, actually.  There's anonymous and
non-anonymous ephemeral DH, there's static and ephemeral ECDH, but no
static DH with DH certificates.  (There's also some code that doesn't
totally neglect the possibility of having DH certificates, but this
doesn't mean it is actually used anywhere.)

Bodo


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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz wrote:
> 
>> cryptlib definitely doesn't do static DH... in fact does anything?
>> Why would anyone do it at all, for that matter?
> 
> Based on a quick look at the source code, at least OpenSSL, Mozilla
> NSS, and PureTLS appear to support static DH. 

There is some code related to this in the SSL source but the relevant DH
certificate support was never implemented.

Well actually it is possible that PKCS#3 DH certificate support is
present in OpenSSL 0.9.9 but that is as an indirect result of other
changes. The PKCS#3 DH certificate request generation code isn't present
though.

I was at one point some years ago planning to add X9.42 DH support to
OpenSSL for S/MIME v3 but I only received one comment asking me *not* to
support it.

Finding test vectors for the parameter generation algorithm was also a
problem. The only ones I saw were either compatible with the DSA
algorithm or clearly broken. Various calls in public mailing lists
giving details about why I thought the existing ones were wrong met with
silence. I ended up concluding that if no one else was implementing it,
why should I?

>
> But I don't know why they do it either (or whether that part of the
> code has actually ever been used or tested :-)
>

Just about the only reason I can think of is a lower connection overhead.

Steve.
-- 
Dr Stephen N. Henson.
Core developer of the   OpenSSL project: http://www.openssl.org/
Freelance consultant see: http://www.drh-consultancy.co.uk/
Email: shenson@drh-consultancy.co.uk, PGP key: via homepage.

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Subject: RE: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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Hi Bodo,

Thanks for your comments. I agree about the first change;
the second change I would reword slightly...

>    TLS versions 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2, and SSL 3.0 are very similar, and
>    use compatible ClientHello messages; thus, supporting all of them
>    is relatively easy.  Similarly, servers can easily handle clients
>    trying to use future versions of TLS as long as the clients still
>    support the highest protocol version available in the server.

This assumes the ClientHello format remains the same; perhaps this
is worth mentioning explicitly:

    TLS versions 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2, and SSL 3.0 are very similar, and
    use compatible ClientHello messages; thus, supporting all of them
    is relatively easy.  Similarly, servers can easily handle clients
    trying to use future versions of TLS as long as the ClientHello
    format remains compatible, and the client support the highest
    protocol version available in the server.

And here's the slightly cleaned text about SSL 2.0 compatibility:

E.2 Compatibility with SSL 2.0

   TLS 1.2 clients that wish to support SSL 2.0 servers MUST send
   version 2.0 CLIENT-HELLO messages defined in [SSL2]. The message
   MUST contain the same version number as would be used for ordinary
   ClientHello, MUST use CHALLENGE-LENGTH of 32, and MUST encode the
   supported TLS ciphersuites in the CIPHER-SPECS-DATA field as
   described below.
 =20
      Warning: The ability to send version 2.0 CLIENT-HELLO messages
      will be phased out with all due haste, since the newer
      ClientHello format provides better mechanisms for moving to
      newer versions and negotiating extensions.  TLS 1.2 clients
      SHOULD NOT support SSL 2.0.

   However, even TLS servers that do not support SSL 2.0 SHOULD accept
   version 2.0 CLIENT-HELLO messages. The message is presented below
   in sufficient detail for TLS server implementors; the true definition
   is still assumed to be [SSL2].

   For negotiation purposes, 2.0 CLIENT-HELLO is interpreted the same
   way as a ClientHello with a "null" compression method and no
   extensions. Note that this message MUST be sent directly on the
   wire, not wrapped as a TLS record. For the purposes of calculating
   Finished and CertificateVerify, the msg_length field is not
   considered to be a part of the handshake message.

       uint8 V2CipherSpec[3];

       struct {
           uint16 msg_length;
           uint8 msg_type;
           ProtocolVersion version;
           uint16 cipher_spec_length;
           uint16 session_id_length;
           uint16 challenge_length;
           V2CipherSpec cipher_specs[V2ClientHello.cipher_spec_length];
           opaque session_id[V2ClientHello.session_id_length];
           opaque challenge[V2ClientHello.challenge_length;
       } V2ClientHello;

   msg_length
       The highest bit MUST be 1; the remaining bits contain the=20
       length of the following data in bytes.=20

   msg_type
       The message type for V2ClientHello is one (1).

   version
       Equal to ClientHello.client_version.

   cipher_spec_length
       This field is the total length of the field cipher_specs. It
       cannot be zero and MUST be a multiple of the V2CipherSpec=20
       length (3).

   session_id_length
       The length of the session_id field in bytes; MUST be zero
       for a client that claims to support TLS 1.2.

   challenge_length=20
       The length of the challenge field in bytes; MUST be 32 for=20
       a client that claims to support TLS 1.2.

   cipher_specs
       This is a list of all CipherSpecs the client is willing and
       able to use. In addition to the 2.0 cipher specs defined in
       [SSL2], this includes the TLS cipher suites normally sent in
       ClientHello.cipher_suites, each cipher suite prefixed by a zero
       byte. For example, TLS ciphersuite {0x00,0x0A} would be sent
       as {0x00,0x00,0x0A}.

   session_id
       This field MUST be empty.

   challenge
       Equal to ClientHello.random.

   Note: Requests to resume a TLS session MUST use a TLS client hello.

Best regards,
Pasi

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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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On Wed, Oct 25, 2006 at 04:26:15PM +0300, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

> Thanks for your comments. I agree about the first change;
> the second change I would reword slightly...

>>    TLS versions 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2, and SSL 3.0 are very similar, and
>>    use compatible ClientHello messages; thus, supporting all of them
>>    is relatively easy.  Similarly, servers can easily handle clients
>>    trying to use future versions of TLS as long as the clients still
>>    support the highest protocol version available in the server.

> This assumes the ClientHello format remains the same;

This is true, but intentional.  If the ClientHello format is ever
changed in an incompatible way such that existing servers cannot
handle it, then a client using this new format cannot support the
highest protocol version available in such servers.  (Unless they use
some kind of future backwards-compatible ClientHello, in which case
servers *can* easily handle such clients, after all.)  Well, and if a
client cannot support the highest protocol version available in the
server, then the above "as long as"-clause does not pretend to apply.

But I guess it still can't hurt to mention the format compatibility
requirement, and use your proposed wording:

>                                                       perhaps this
> is worth mentioning explicitly:
> 
>     TLS versions 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2, and SSL 3.0 are very similar, and
>     use compatible ClientHello messages; thus, supporting all of them
>     is relatively easy.  Similarly, servers can easily handle clients
>     trying to use future versions of TLS as long as the ClientHello
>     format remains compatible, and the client support the highest
>     protocol version available in the server.

Bodo


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed Oct 25 12:10:22 2006
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Subject: Re: [TLS] TLS 1.1 and static DH
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<Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> writes:

> pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz wrote:
>
>> cryptlib definitely doesn't do static DH... in fact does anything?
>> Why would anyone do it at all, for that matter?
>
> Based on a quick look at the source code, at least OpenSSL, Mozilla
> NSS, and PureTLS appear to support static DH. 

I'm pretty sure that it hasn't been tested in PureTLS.

-Ekr

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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: bmoeller@acm.org, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com
Subject: RE: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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<Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> writes:

>And here's the slightly cleaned text about SSL 2.0 compatibility:

I know I've said this before, but can't we finally kill SSLv2?  Both MSIE 7
and Firefox (Mozilla/whatever) have now removed support for it, which means
that it's finally dead no matter what the spec still says about it.

Peter.

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Subject: Re: [TLS] TLS 1.1 and static DH
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Bodo Moeller wrote:
> On Wed, Oct 25, 2006 at 01:28:53PM +0300, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
>> pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz wrote:
> 
>>> cryptlib definitely doesn't do static DH... in fact does anything?
>>> Why would anyone do it at all, for that matter?
> 
>> Based on a quick look at the source code, at least OpenSSL, Mozilla
>> NSS, and PureTLS appear to support static DH. 
>>
>> But I don't know why they do it either (or whether that part of the
>> code has actually ever been used or tested :-)
> 
> OpenSSL doesn't support static DH, actually.  

Neither does NSS.  The static DH cipher suites are explicitly disabled,
although much of the code necessary to support them is present in NSS.

> There's anonymous and
> non-anonymous ephemeral DH, there's static and ephemeral ECDH, but no
> static DH with DH certificates.  (There's also some code that doesn't
> totally neglect the possibility of having DH certificates, but this
> doesn't mean it is actually used anywhere.)

Likewise, NSS has code to parse (and even create) DH certificates, but
it is untested and unused because in the 10 years I've worked on NSS,
I've never seen a DH cert from any CA.  The Fortezza certs were DH certs,
but they were a rather special case, and the special case Fortezza code
is no longer supported in NSS.

-- 
Nelson B

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From: Nelson B Bolyard <nelson@bolyard.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] TLS 1.1 and static DH
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(My apologies if you receive two copies of this email.)

Bodo Moeller wrote:
> On Wed, Oct 25, 2006 at 01:28:53PM +0300, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
>> pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz wrote:
> 
>>> cryptlib definitely doesn't do static DH... in fact does anything?
>>> Why would anyone do it at all, for that matter?
> 
>> Based on a quick look at the source code, at least OpenSSL, Mozilla
>> NSS, and PureTLS appear to support static DH. 
>>
>> But I don't know why they do it either (or whether that part of the
>> code has actually ever been used or tested :-)
> 
> OpenSSL doesn't support static DH, actually.  

Neither does NSS.  The static DH cipher suites are explicitly disabled,
although much of the code necessary to support them is present in NSS.

> There's anonymous and
> non-anonymous ephemeral DH, there's static and ephemeral ECDH, but no
> static DH with DH certificates.  (There's also some code that doesn't
> totally neglect the possibility of having DH certificates, but this
> doesn't mean it is actually used anywhere.)

Likewise, NSS has code to parse (and even create) DH certificates, but
it is untested and unused because in the 10 years I've worked on NSS,
I've never seen a DH cert from any CA.  The Fortezza certs were DH certs,
but they were a rather special case, and the special case Fortezza code
is no longer supported in NSS.

-- 
Nelson B


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed Oct 25 12:32:28 2006
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From: Nelson B Bolyard <nelson@bolyard.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers
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Peter Gutmann wrote:
> <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> writes:
> 
>> And here's the slightly cleaned text about SSL 2.0 compatibility:
> 
> I know I've said this before, but can't we finally kill SSLv2?  Both MSIE 7
> and Firefox (Mozilla/whatever) have now removed support for it, which means
> that it's finally dead no matter what the spec still says about it.

Not quite.  When FireFox 2 encounters a "TLS intolerant" server (one that
fails to negotiate a handshake properly when the client hello specifies
version 3,1) it reverts to a backward compatible mode in which it sends
SSL2 format client hellos bearing version 3,0, just as it has done for
over a decade.  Yes, this appears to be necessary with some servers,
and maximum interoperability is still the name of the browser game.

-- 
Nelson B

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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: lists@drh-consultancy.demon.co.uk, tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] TLS 1.1 and static DH
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Dr Stephen Henson <lists@drh-consultancy.demon.co.uk> writes:

>Finding test vectors for the parameter generation algorithm was also a
>problem. The only ones I saw were either compatible with the DSA algorithm or
>clearly broken. Various calls in public mailing lists giving details about
>why I thought the existing ones were wrong met with silence. I ended up
>concluding that if no one else was implementing it, why should I?

I think this confusion over X9.42 details is pretty much universal, there's
been the ongoing saga of the S/MIME test vectors where as soon as someone
published vectors, someone else pointed out that they were wrong for one
reason or another.  Given their history, it's quite possible that they still
have errors, but people gave up looking (actually looking at RFC 4134 I can't
see any DH vectors in there at all, so I guess they used the ostrich algorithm
to solve the problem :-).

A related problem is that the X9.42 spec was never really a going concern in
the first place, it more or less sleep-walked into becoming a standard after
years in the doldrums when the contributors lost interest in it.  As a result
there are implementations based on all sorts of buggy drafts out there, in
fact for most of the time when it was still being pushed all you could get
were buggy drafts.

So perhaps the best option for TLS is to deprecate the static DH suites.  They
seem to be pretty much entirely unsupported, and even if you did want to
support them you'd end up in a quagmire from which extrication would prove
difficult.

Peter.

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Joshua Ball wrote:
> Hmmm... maybe I am misunderstanding the statement: "by prior
> arrangement"

The important phrase is "implicitly known". "By prior arrangement" is
an *example* of a way in which the responders could be implicitly known;
it's not normative.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood@blueyonder.co.uk>



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----- Original Message -----
From: "Peter Gutmann" <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
To: <bmoeller@acm.org>; <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>
Cc: <tls@ietf.org>
Sent: Wednesday, October 25, 2006 6:07 PM
Subject: RE: [TLS] Open issue: Record Version Numbers


> <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> writes:
>
> >And here's the slightly cleaned text about SSL 2.0 compatibility:
>
> I know I've said this before, but can't we finally kill SSLv2?  Both MSIE 7

Probably, but I am on MSIE6, because MSIE7 will not run on my OS and the
relevant OS will not run on my hardware without an expensive upgrade so no IE7;
and what is true for me at a personal level is true for many I work with.

I do have SSLv2 support disabled, offering a choice of SSLv3 or TLS 1.0, and am
not aware of any connection failures as a result but would not trust MS to tell
me in an intelligible form:-(  I will, soon, try disabling SSLv3 and see what
happens.

Tom Petch


> and Firefox (Mozilla/whatever) have now removed support for it, which means
> that it's finally dead no matter what the spec still says about it.
>
> Peter.
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


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Based on the responses on the list, and the sense of the room at
Montreal, I would say we have rough consensus that when TLS 1.2 is
negotiated, ciphersuites that don't explicitly specify anything else
(including all currently defined ciphersuites) will use the new TLS
1.2 PRF.

We have not yet decided what that new PRF will be, though. To get a
discussion started, I'd like to suggest the first candidate that=20
comes to my mind: P_SHA256 (current P_hash construction with SHA-256).
Obviously, there are other good candidates as well. Comments
or suggestions?

Best regards,
Pasi

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Subject: RE: [TLS] TLS 1.1 and static DH
Date: Fri, 27 Oct 2006 12:30:31 +0300
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Peter Gutmann wrote:

> So perhaps the best option for TLS is to deprecate the static DH
> suites.  They seem to be pretty much entirely unsupported, and even
> if you did want to support them you'd end up in a quagmire from
> which extrication would prove difficult.

This question may become important if we want to progress TLS 1.2 to
Draft Standard, where we need two interoperable implementations for
every feature.

Based on the discussion so far, it looks like static DH suites might
be one feature where meeting that bar could be difficult.

Any opinions from the WG about this? Should we e.g. remove static=20
DH suites from TLS 1.2, move them to a separate document, or
something else?

Best regards,
Pasi=09

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The Certicom SSL-C product does contain implementations of static DH 
ciphersuites. 
We don't currently have a public server available for testing this 
implementation.
If there is enough interest we can add these ciphersuites to tls.secg.org


-----------------------------------------------
Robert Dugal
Member of Development Group
Certicom Corp.
EMAIL: rdugal@certicom.com
PHONE: (905) 501-3848
FAX  : (905) 507-4230
WEBSITE: www.certicom.com

<Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> wrote on 10/27/2006 05:30:31 AM:

> Peter Gutmann wrote:
> 
> > So perhaps the best option for TLS is to deprecate the static DH
> > suites.  They seem to be pretty much entirely unsupported, and even
> > if you did want to support them you'd end up in a quagmire from
> > which extrication would prove difficult.
> 
> This question may become important if we want to progress TLS 1.2 to
> Draft Standard, where we need two interoperable implementations for
> every feature.
> 
> Based on the discussion so far, it looks like static DH suites might
> be one feature where meeting that bar could be difficult.
> 
> Any opinions from the WG about this? Should we e.g. remove static 
> DH suites from TLS 1.2, move them to a separate document, or
> something else?
> 
> Best regards,
> Pasi 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls

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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">The Certicom SSL-C product does contain
implementations of static DH ciphersuites. </font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">We don't currently have a public server
available for testing this implementation.</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">If there is enough interest we can add
these ciphersuites to tls.secg.org</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"><br>
-----------------------------------------------<br>
Robert Dugal<br>
Member of Development Group<br>
Certicom Corp.<br>
EMAIL: rdugal@certicom.com<br>
PHONE: (905) 501-3848<br>
FAX &nbsp;: (905) 507-4230<br>
WEBSITE: www.certicom.com</font>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>&lt;Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com&gt; wrote on 10/27/2006
05:30:31 AM:<br>
<br>
&gt; Peter Gutmann wrote:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; So perhaps the best option for TLS is to deprecate the static
DH<br>
&gt; &gt; suites. &nbsp;They seem to be pretty much entirely unsupported,
and even<br>
&gt; &gt; if you did want to support them you'd end up in a quagmire from<br>
&gt; &gt; which extrication would prove difficult.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; This question may become important if we want to progress TLS 1.2
to<br>
&gt; Draft Standard, where we need two interoperable implementations for<br>
&gt; every feature.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Based on the discussion so far, it looks like static DH suites might<br>
&gt; be one feature where meeting that bar could be difficult.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Any opinions from the WG about this? Should we e.g. remove static
<br>
&gt; DH suites from TLS 1.2, move them to a separate document, or<br>
&gt; something else?<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Best regards,<br>
&gt; Pasi &nbsp; <br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; _______________________________________________<br>
&gt; TLS mailing list<br>
&gt; TLS@lists.ietf.org<br>
&gt; https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls<br>
</font></tt>
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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Fri Oct 27 18:01:24 2006
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Well, since at least we went through the effort of implementing them it 
would be nice to test them out too...
OTOH, if no one else implements or uses them, they may be of little use 
in the real world. In any case, we are interested to get through 
testing, preferably both client and server side.

Jan Nordqvist
Lucent Technologies

Rob Dugal wrote:
>
> The Certicom SSL-C product does contain implementations of static DH 
> ciphersuites.
> We don't currently have a public server available for testing this 
> implementation.
> If there is enough interest we can add these ciphersuites to tls.secg.org
>
>
> -----------------------------------------------
> Robert Dugal
> Member of Development Group
> Certicom Corp.
> EMAIL: rdugal@certicom.com
> PHONE: (905) 501-3848
> FAX  : (905) 507-4230
> WEBSITE: www.certicom.com
>
> <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> wrote on 10/27/2006 05:30:31 AM:
>
> > Peter Gutmann wrote:
> >
> > > So perhaps the best option for TLS is to deprecate the static DH
> > > suites.  They seem to be pretty much entirely unsupported, and even
> > > if you did want to support them you'd end up in a quagmire from
> > > which extrication would prove difficult.
> >
> > This question may become important if we want to progress TLS 1.2 to
> > Draft Standard, where we need two interoperable implementations for
> > every feature.
> >
> > Based on the discussion so far, it looks like static DH suites might
> > be one feature where meeting that bar could be difficult.
> >
> > Any opinions from the WG about this? Should we e.g. remove static
> > DH suites from TLS 1.2, move them to a separate document, or
> > something else?
> >
> > Best regards,
> > Pasi  
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > TLS mailing list
> > TLS@lists.ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>   


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Oct 31 12:11:07 2006
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From: Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>
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Monday morning at IETF 67 there is a really important BOF: SPKM.

The purpose of this BOF is to decide how we will get a standards track
solution for NFSV4 to use PKI credentials.  Two modes are important: a
mode where both parties have credentials and a mode where the server
has a certificate and the client has a password.

The current proposal is based off draft-adamson-rfc2847-01.txt.
Several reviewers including Eric Rescorla and myself have expressed
concerns about this draft.


An alternate proposal for solving this problem was discussed in the
past: construct a GSS-API mechanism based on DTLS.  Advantages of this
solution include reuse of code and specification between GSS-API and
TLS implementations.  When new ciphers are specified for TLS they
would be available for NFS.  We would not need to keep updating a GSS
mechanism as public-key algorithms evolve and problems are found.

There are two main drawbacks I've heard to the DTLS proposal.  First,
we don't have a draft.  Second, it would not be interoperable with
SPKM-3 deployments.

I hope the BOF will answer the question of how much we care about
SPKM-3 deployments.


I only want to see one standards track solution in this space.
Currently, there does not seem to be enough interest in the DTLS
proposal for it to be a viable alternative.  I would like to encourage
the TLS community to take a look at draft-adamson-rfc2847-01 and to
consider how a DTLS approach would work and think about whether
advocating for such an approach would be a good idea.  If so, someone
at least needs to be prepared to give a brief presentation by next
Monday on such a proposal.

The BOF chair wanted to hear about anyone giving an alternative
presentation by Wednesday of this week.  I'm hoping he will be a bit
flexible as I was supposed to write this message last Friday.


Thanks for your consideration,

--Sam

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