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Subject: RE: [TLS] Will CAs decide server signing algorithms in TLS 1.2?
Date: Fri, 4 May 2007 15:33:47 +0300
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Hi Simon,

This issue was discussed in Prague, and I think the conclusion
was that the current text needs to be changed. In other words:
if the client tells it supports RSA+SHA256, the server can
use it even if the CA used RSA+SHA1 to sign the server cert
(unless the certificate has an extension or something=20
explicitly prohibits it -- there's some work in PKIX that
may be relevant).

Best regards,
Pasi

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Simon Josefsson [mailto:simon@josefsson.org]=20
> Sent: 25 April, 2007 14:58
> To: tls@ietf.org
> Subject: [TLS] Will CAs decide server signing algorithms in TLS 1.2?
>=20
> The Signature structure has changed, and the current text in section
> 7.4.3 says:
>=20
>    If the SignatureAlgorithm being used to sign the ServerKeyExchange
>    message is DSA, the hash function used MUST be SHA-1. If the
>    SignatureAlgorithm it must be the same hash function used in the
>                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>    signature of the server's certificate (found in the Certificate)
>    message. This algorithm is denoted Hash below. Hash.length is the
>    length of the output of that algorithm.
>=20
> I can't parse the second sentence here.  What is the intention here?
>=20
> I'm assuming that the intention is to say that the SignatureAlgorithm
> must be the same as the signing algorithm in the server certificate.
>
> It seems weird that the CA who signs the server certificate will
> implicitly decide which signature algorithm is used inside TLS=20
> between all servers and clients.
<snip>

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Date: Fri, 4 May 2007 08:28:32 -0700
From: "Wan-Teh Chang" <wtchang@gmail.com>
To: tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Will CAs decide server signing algorithms in TLS 1.2?
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On 5/4/07, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> wrote:
> Hi Simon,
>
> This issue was discussed in Prague, and I think the conclusion
> was that the current text needs to be changed. In other words:
> if the client tells it supports RSA+SHA256, the server can
> use it even if the CA used RSA+SHA1 to sign the server cert

How does the client tells the server that it supports RSA+SHA256?
By overloading the "Cert Hash Types" hello extension or adding a
new extension specifically for this purpose?

There is a corresponding issue for the client's signature in the
CertificateVerify message.

Another related issue is the longer DSA variants defined in Draft
FIPS 186-3, which aren't hardcoded to use SHA-1.

Wan-Teh

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Fri May 11 11:21:13 2007
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Title: Response to "Request to reserve TLS extension type for ITU-T draft Recommendation X.tsm-1"
Submission Date: 2007-05-11
URL of the IETF Web page: https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/liaison_detail.cgi?detail_id=328 

From: Pasi Eronen(IETF TLS WG) <pasi.eronen@nokia.com>
To: ITU-T SG 17(tsbsg17@itu.int, xiaoya.yang@itu.int, sebek@itu.int)
Cc: tim.polk@nist.gov
hartmans-ietf@mit.edu
sob@harvard.edu
ekr@networkresonance.com
tls@ietf.org
Reponse Contact: 
Technical Contact: 
Purpose: In response 
Body: I have understood that Yoshiaiki Isobe contacted Harald Alvestrand
and Thomas Narten about this topic in December 2006; at that time,
Harald provided advice similar to the following.

RFC 4366 Section 5 defines the procedures for assigning a new TLS
extension type.  TLS extension types are assigned to
Internet-Drafts that have been approved by the IESG.

So, you need to publish your extension as an Internet-Draft and
seek review of your draft.  Once you have built a sufficient
consensus behind your draft, you can propose that your draft be
adopted by the TLS working group or published as an Area Director
(AD) sponsored submission.  Sections 3.2 and 4 of RFC 4775 provide
more details on the procedures for an SDO working with the IETF to
extend an IETF protocol in this way.  Note that because of the
requirements of RFC 4366, only the first option discussed in
Section 4 is available in this instance.

The TLS working group chairs and security ADs will be happy to
answer any process questions you may have as you attempt to build
consensus behind your draft.

Best regards,
Pasi Eronen
TLS working group co-chair
Attachment(s):
No document has been attached



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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon May 14 03:42:52 2007
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From: "Yngve N. Pettersen (Developer Opera Software ASA)" <yngve@opera.com>
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Subject: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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Hello all,

I have recently started to see an increasing number of reports about =20
SSL/TLS servers using short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys, in some cases =20
very short ones.

Opera's SSL/TLS client will display warnings to users if the server is =20
using RSA/DH/DSA keys shorter than (currently) 900 bits. All keys used in=
 =20
the chain, including the CA certificates are included in this evaluation,=
 =20
as well as the ephermal key, if the server selects a cipher with an =20
ephermal key.

The short DHE keys I have seen have usually been 512 bits, but I have see=
n =20
servers sending keys as short as 256 bits.

I have seen these keys on both normal webservers and mail servers, but I =
=20
have an impression that there are more reports about the mail servers.

I think it might be an idea for TLS specification to include =20
recommendations about how such keys should be selected.

My preference for such a recommendation is that the ephermal key should b=
e =20
as long, or as strong, as the key used to sign the ephermal key. I don't =
=20
think the specification should mention specific keylengths, because what =
=20
is secure is likely to change over time.

Comments?

As far as Opera is concerned, I am considering a few options, including =20
automatically disabling the ephermal ciphersuites or re-sorting the ciphe=
r =20
suite list toplace them last, and renegotiate the connection.

--=20
Sincerely,
Yngve N. Pettersen
=A0
********************************************************************
Senior Developer                     Email: yngve@opera.com
Opera Software ASA                   http://www.opera.com/
Phone:  +47 24 16 42 60              Fax:    +47 24 16 40 01
********************************************************************

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> I have recently started to see an increasing number of reports about 
> SSL/TLS servers using short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys, in some cases 
> very short ones.
> 
> The short DHE keys I have seen have usually been 512 bits, but I have 
> seen servers sending keys as short as 256 bits.

This is probably the result of an administrator not wanting to wait
the extra 30 seconds to generate a strong key.  If the server is
set up to generate a key on startup, it may not start listening for
connections until it has completed the task.

I recall (hopefully correctly) that a 1536 bit D-H key provides the
equivalent of about 90-120 bits of security.  I would guess that a
512-bit or 256-bit key is down in the EXPORT category of security.
This is a terrible trend.

Mike

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From: Nelson B Bolyard <nelson@bolyard.com>
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Yngve N. Pettersen (Developer Opera Software ASA) wrote:
> Hello all,
> 
> I have recently started to see an increasing number of reports about  
> SSL/TLS servers using short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys, in some cases  
> very short ones.
> 
> Opera's SSL/TLS client will display warnings to users if the server is  
> using RSA/DH/DSA keys shorter than (currently) 900 bits. 

Do you mean the length of the public value?  or the length of the prime P?

Do you really wish to disallow public values that are low numeric values
even when the prime P is adequately large?

-- 
Nelson B

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon May 14 16:19:04 2007
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To: "Nelson B Bolyard" <nelson@bolyard.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
From: "Yngve N. Pettersen (Developer Opera Software ASA)" <yngve@opera.com>
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Hello Nelson,

On Mon, 14 May 2007 20:46:58 +0200, Nelson B Bolyard <nelson@bolyard.com>=
 =20
wrote:

> Yngve N. Pettersen (Developer Opera Software ASA) wrote:
>> Hello all,
>>
>> I have recently started to see an increasing number of reports about
>> SSL/TLS servers using short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys, in some case=
s
>> very short ones.
>>
>> Opera's SSL/TLS client will display warnings to users if the server is
>> using RSA/DH/DSA keys shorter than (currently) 900 bits.
>
> Do you mean the length of the public value?  or the length of the prime=
 =20
> P?
>
> Do you really wish to disallow public values that are low numeric value=
s
> even when the prime P is adequately large?

The keysize used by Opera for DH keys is calculated using OpenSSL's =20
DH_size function, which returns the number of bytes in the "P" element of=
 =20
the DH (dh_st) structure, which is then multiplied by 8 (so the real size=
 =20
may be 7 bits lower than stated; should probably use a more low level =20
call). Background: EVP_PKEY_bits does not return anything about DH keys, =
=20
which is why DH_size is used.


--=20
Sincerely,
Yngve N. Pettersen
=A0
********************************************************************
Senior Developer                     Email: yngve@opera.com
Opera Software ASA                   http://www.opera.com/
Phone:  +47 24 16 42 60              Fax:    +47 24 16 40 01
********************************************************************

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Subject: RE: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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Mike wrote:

> This is probably the result of an administrator not wanting to
> wait the extra 30 seconds to generate a strong key.  If the
> server is set up to generate a key on startup, it may not start
> listening for connections until it has completed the task.

Generating a 1024-bit DH key on a modern PC takes less=20
than 30 _milli_seconds, so I doubt this is the real reason=20
(unless the implementation is really, really stupid).

> I recall (hopefully correctly) that a 1536 bit D-H key provides
> the equivalent of about 90-120 bits of security.  I would guess
> that a 512-bit or 256-bit key is down in the EXPORT category of
> security.  This is a terrible trend.

RFC 3766 puts 1536 bit DH at around 90 bits. Factoring a 256-bit
number on a single PC takes only couple of hours, so if discrete
logs are approximately the same difficulty, 256-bit DH would
be even less secure than the old EXPORT ciphersuites.

Best regards,
Pasi

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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> Mike wrote:
> 
>> This is probably the result of an administrator not wanting to
>> wait the extra 30 seconds to generate a strong key.  If the
>> server is set up to generate a key on startup, it may not start
>> listening for connections until it has completed the task.
> 
> Generating a 1024-bit DH key on a modern PC takes less 
> than 30 _milli_seconds, so I doubt this is the real reason 
> (unless the implementation is really, really stupid).
> 

The 30 seconds reference should be for DH _parameter_ generation (which
some servers perform on start up) rather than key generation.

Steve.
-- 
Dr Stephen N. Henson.
Core developer of the   OpenSSL project: http://www.openssl.org/
Freelance consultant see: http://www.drh-consultancy.co.uk/
Email: shenson@drh-consultancy.co.uk, PGP key: via homepage.

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Dr Stephen Henson <lists@drh-consultancy.demon.co.uk> writes:

> Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
>> Mike wrote:
>> 
>>> This is probably the result of an administrator not wanting to
>>> wait the extra 30 seconds to generate a strong key.  If the
>>> server is set up to generate a key on startup, it may not start
>>> listening for connections until it has completed the task.
>> 
>> Generating a 1024-bit DH key on a modern PC takes less 
>> than 30 _milli_seconds, so I doubt this is the real reason 
>> (unless the implementation is really, really stupid).
>> 
>
> The 30 seconds reference should be for DH _parameter_ generation (which
> some servers perform on start up) rather than key generation.

Furthermore, getting the entropy needed to generate DH parameters can be
the bottleneck, especially on servers that also consume entropy for
incoming connections.

Some applications that use GnuTLS (I believe Exim is an example) have a
separate script invoked once every day (or similar) to re-generate the
DH parameters.  This approach works fine even if getting the entropy is
a bottle-neck, since it allows servers to continue to run using the
earlier DH parameters until the new parameters have been generated.

/Simon

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On Mon, May 14, 2007 at 11:46:58AM -0700, Nelson B Bolyard wrote:
> Yngve N. Pettersen (Developer Opera Software ASA) wrote:

>> I have recently started to see an increasing number of reports about  
>> SSL/TLS servers using short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys, in some cases  
>> very short ones.
>> 
>> Opera's SSL/TLS client will display warnings to users if the server is  
>> using RSA/DH/DSA keys shorter than (currently) 900 bits. 

> Do you mean the length of the public value?  or the length of the prime P?
> 
> Do you really wish to disallow public values that are low numeric values
> even when the prime P is adequately large?

While this really is about the prime P and not the public value, it
wouldn't be wrong to disallow small public values.  In practice the
public value won't be too much shorter than the public value unless
something weird (and presumably insecure) is going on.

It's only shorter secret values (DH exponents) that can be used in a
secure way.  But then the client coudn't easily reject these anyway.

Bodo


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Date: Tue, 15 May 2007 18:44:01 +0530
From: jimmy <jimmyb@huawei.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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Bodo Moeller wrote:
[snip]
> 
> While this really is about the prime P and not the public value, it
> wouldn't be wrong to disallow small public values.  In practice the
> public value won't be too much shorter than the public value unless

you meant 'public value won't be too much shorter than the prime' right?

> something weird (and presumably insecure) is going on.
> 
> It's only shorter secret values (DH exponents) that can be used in a
> secure way.  But then the client coudn't easily reject these anyway.
> 
> Bodo


-jb
-- 
The biggest problem with communication is the illusion that it has occurred.


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Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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On Tue, May 15, 2007 at 06:44:01PM +0530, jimmy wrote:

>> While this really is about the prime P and not the public value, it
>> wouldn't be wrong to disallow small public values.  In practice the
>> public value won't be too much shorter than the public value unless

> you meant 'public value won't be too much shorter than the prime' right?

Oops -- er, yes!  Thanks for the correction.

>> something weird (and presumably insecure) is going on.
>> 
>> It's only shorter secret values (DH exponents) that can be used in a
>> secure way.  But then the client coudn't easily reject these anyway.

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Simon Josefsson wrote:

> Some applications that use GnuTLS (I believe Exim is an example)
> have a separate script invoked once every day (or similar) to
> re-generate the DH parameters.  This approach works fine even if
> getting the entropy is a bottle-neck, since it allows servers to
> continue to run using the earlier DH parameters until the new
> parameters have been generated.

BTW, why do you generate new DH parameters in the first place?

Earlier I suggested that TLS 1.2 spec should probably recommend just
hardcoding some of the groups from RFC 3526 (i.e., recommend against
generating DH parameters). This would simplify code and provide less
opportunities for getting things wrong (e.g. very small primes seen by
Yngve; small subgroup attacks; etc.).

http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/tls/current/msg01115.html

Best regards,
Pasi

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Bodo Moeller wrote:
> 
> It's only shorter secret values (DH exponents) that can be used in a
> secure way.  But then the client coudn't easily reject these anyway.
> 

Speaking of which what do people think about including the sub prime
value (aka "q") as an optional value in DH parameters in a TLS 1.2
handshake?

Steve.
-- 
Dr Stephen N. Henson.
Core developer of the   OpenSSL project: http://www.openssl.org/
Freelance consultant see: http://www.drh-consultancy.co.uk/
Email: shenson@drh-consultancy.co.uk, PGP key: via homepage.

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Subject: [TLS] Re: Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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<Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> writes:

> Simon Josefsson wrote:
>
>> Some applications that use GnuTLS (I believe Exim is an example)
>> have a separate script invoked once every day (or similar) to
>> re-generate the DH parameters.  This approach works fine even if
>> getting the entropy is a bottle-neck, since it allows servers to
>> continue to run using the earlier DH parameters until the new
>> parameters have been generated.
>
> BTW, why do you generate new DH parameters in the first place?

GnuTLS doesn't -- external applications, notably Exim, do it.  However,
I have not idea why they do it.  There are some discussion about this
behaviour in section 2.2.3 of:

http://pkg-exim4.alioth.debian.org/README/README.Debian.html#id224002

Frankly, I'm not sure I really understand what they are doing or why.

> Earlier I suggested that TLS 1.2 spec should probably recommend just
> hardcoding some of the groups from RFC 3526 (i.e., recommend against
> generating DH parameters). This would simplify code and provide less
> opportunities for getting things wrong (e.g. very small primes seen by
> Yngve; small subgroup attacks; etc.).
>
> http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/tls/current/msg01115.html

I think we would need solid support from the cryptographic community to
change this.

Regenerating new DH parameters appear to me, if they are computed
correctly, to potentially offer one additional wall of protection.

The risk is if the parameters are not computed correctly.  But that risk
have to be weighted against the risk of someone exploiting the fact that
many D-H exchanges on the Internet uses the same parameters, and does so
over a multi-year time period.

Personally, I'm leaning towards reviewing the code to generate D-H
parameters, and to recommend administrators to re-generate parameters
every X days.  Instead of putting all trust in one D-H parameter.

/Simon

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Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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Dr Stephen Henson wrote:
> Bodo Moeller wrote:
>> It's only shorter secret values (DH exponents) that can be used in a
>> secure way.  But then the client coudn't easily reject these anyway.
> 
> Speaking of which what do people think about including the sub prime
> value (aka "q") as an optional value in DH parameters in a TLS 1.2
> handshake?

How does that help the recipient?  How does the recipient use that info?

Safe primes (where (P-1)/2 is also prime) are commonly used for DH primes.
Is sending Q helpful for such primes?

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue May 15 16:27:45 2007
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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Nelson B Bolyard <nelson@bolyard.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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On Tue, May 15, 2007 at 09:44:11AM -0700, Nelson B Bolyard wrote:
> Dr Stephen Henson wrote:
>> Bodo Moeller wrote:

>>> It's only shorter secret values (DH exponents) that can be used in a
>>> secure way.  But then the client coudn't easily reject these anyway.

>> Speaking of which what do people think about including the sub prime
>> value (aka "q") as an optional value in DH parameters in a TLS 1.2
>> handshake?

Yes, this definitely should be done!

> How does that help the recipient?  How does the recipient use that info?

This would tell the recipient that it only needs to generate an
exponent in the  0 ... q-1  range.  The subgroup order  q  can be
much shorter than the modulus p, so this can save a lot of time
for the exponentiation.  Think of DSA-style parameters (actually
Schnorr-style, reused for DSA) where p has 2048 bits, say, and the
matching size of q is just 224 bits.

Currently such parameters can be used to make the server side
run faster for ephemeral-DH TLS ciphersuites, but the client side
cannot benefit from them.  With q included in the ServerKeyExchange
message, the client side can benefit from short q too.


> Safe primes (where (P-1)/2 is also prime) are commonly used for DH primes.
> Is sending Q helpful for such primes?

It doesn't really help for such primes regarding the optimization
mentioned above.  So I guess when using safe primes, it would be
reasonable to simply omit q if it is introduced into the
ServerKeyExchange message as optional information.

The client *might* use the information that p is a safe prime, though.
(This is implied by seeing that the length of q is just one less than
the length of p, both counted in bits, assuming that the specification
requires q to actually be a prime.)  The scenario where this would be
relevant is arguably somewhat to bizarre to explain, though.

Bodo


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To: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
From: Russ Housley <housley@vigilsec.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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Bodo:

> >> Speaking of which what do people think about including the sub prime
> >> value (aka "q") as an optional value in DH parameters in a TLS 1.2
> >> handshake?
>
>Yes, this definitely should be done!

RFC 2412 does not seem use "q" this way.  Does anyone every use 
Oakley groups with TLS?  If so, then you probably need some more 
general way to indicate the size of the subgroup.

Russ 


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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Russ Housley <housley@vigilsec.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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On Tue, May 15, 2007 at 05:54:27PM -0400, Russ Housley wrote:
> Bodo:

>>>> Speaking of which what do people think about including the sub prime
>>>> value (aka "q") as an optional value in DH parameters in a TLS 1.2
>>>> handshake?

>> Yes, this definitely should be done!

> RFC 2412 does not seem use "q" this way.  Does anyone every use 
> Oakley groups with TLS?  If so, then you probably need some more 
> general way to indicate the size of the subgroup.

For the Oakley well-known groups, the generator actually is a
generator of a prime-order subgroup, so specifying a 'q' value is no
problem.  (It doesn't help much in this case, though, since 'q' is
just one bit shorter than 'p'.)

In general, Oakley-style group specifications include a "group order
largest prime factor" field, which is pretty useless for
implementations.  It only helps to estimate the security that
can be obtained using such a group when doing Diffie-Hellman
*properly*, which is something for which you *don't* need this piece
of information (and for which you shouldn't rely too much on
Appendix D of RFC 2412).  What you do need for implementations is the
group order, and (if you want to use the short-exponent trick
suggested in RFC 2412 App. D) information on whether the group order
is prime (which is *not* part of Oakley-style group specifications).


I'd suggest stating in the TLS specification that 'q' can only be
included in the ServerKeyExchange message for the case of prime-order
subgroups.  These are what you'd usually use, except sometimes if the
DH subgroup is nearly as large as 'p', which is a case where knowing
'q' doesn't provide significant benefits anyhow.

Bodo


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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: lists@drh-consultancy.demon.co.uk, tls@lists.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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Dr Stephen Henson <lists@drh-consultancy.demon.co.uk> writes:

>Speaking of which what do people think about including the sub prime value
>(aka "q") as an optional value in DH parameters in a TLS 1.2 handshake?

It's a good idea, I've been wanting that for awhile (SSH should be doing this
as well).

Peter.

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Simon Josefsson wrote:

> > Earlier I suggested that TLS 1.2 spec should probably recommend just
> > hardcoding some of the groups from RFC 3526 (i.e., recommend against
> > generating DH parameters). This would simplify code and provide less
> > opportunities for getting things wrong (e.g. very small=20
> > primes seen by Yngve; small subgroup attacks; etc.).
> >
> > http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/tls/current/msg01115.html
>=20
> I think we would need solid support from the cryptographic=20
> community to change this.

Current TLS specs already allow implementations to do this; also=20
many existing protocols (IKE/IKEv2, MIKEY, HIP) do this. So I don't=20
think that this is very controversial (especially if we keep this
as a recommendation, not a MUST).

(BTW, even with TLS, I think FIPS/Suite B compliance would prohibit
generating new DH parameters in the ECDH case.)

> Regenerating new DH parameters appear to me, if they are computed
> correctly, to potentially offer one additional wall of protection.
>=20
> The risk is if the parameters are not computed correctly.  But that
> risk have to be weighted against the risk of someone exploiting the
> fact that many D-H exchanges on the Internet uses the same
> parameters, and does so over a multi-year time period.

IKE has done exactly this over a multi-year time period, and I haven't
heard of any concerns over that...

Best regards,
Pasi

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Folks,

The one remaining issue with TLS SRP is its intended status (Proposed
Standard, Informational, or Experimental). I and Eric think we need
more data to determine consensus here, so this message starts a
two-week straw poll on this issue. (Our apologies that this has=20
taken so long; this poll should have been some time ago already.)

The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as=20
Proposed Standard?=20

   [ ] Yes.
   [ ] I think Informational/Experimental is better.
   [ ] I don't care about the status, just get it published.
   [ ] Something else, please state:

You may reply either on the list, or privately to the chairs.

Some points you may wish to consider, summarizing some of the
arguments made earlier:

- The document describing SRP-3 (not exactly the same=20
  algorithm as here), RFC 2945, is Proposed Standard.

- At least the following IPR disclosures may be relevant:

  https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?&ipr_id=3D25
  https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?&ipr_id=3D31
  https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?&ipr_id=3D63

- Previously some WG members have argued that documents that=20
  have IPR with non-royalty-free terms should go Informational
  or Experimental. We have at least one such IPR disclosure=20
  (the last one listed above).

- There are several implementations of the draft: see e.g.
  http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/tls/current/msg01228.html

- Regardless of what status will be chosen, the RFC will=20
  not be compatible with any of those implementations
  (since the TLS extension number will change).

Note that we need rough consensus to go for Proposed Standard;=20
if there's significant disagreement, we go Informational or
Experimental.

Best regards,
Pasi & Eric

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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com, tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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<Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> writes:

>The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as Proposed
>Standard?
>
>   [ ] Yes.
>   [X] I think Informational/Experimental is better.
>   [ ] I don't care about the status, just get it published.
>   [ ] Something else, please state:
>
>You may reply either on the list, or privately to the chairs.

I'll reply publicly in order to provide a rationale: Arguments against it
becoming a full standard are that this spec has been around for six years now
without any significant implementations appearing (apologies to the authors of
GnuTLS and TLS Lite :-).  Arguments for it being a full standard are that
given that we've got things like Camellia cipher suites (which have even less
mainstream support than SRP) moving forward as full standards, you can't
really count SRP out on that basis.  More to the point, the trend with WG
items seems to be to make everything a full standards rather than
experimental/informational.

So really the only deciding factor is the IP status.  The Lucent and
especially the Phoenix IPR statements will be, in my experience, sufficient to
scare off any commercial users (and by extension non-commercial users who have
to worry about lawyers).  So although it'd be nice to see SRP deployed, I
don't think the IP encumbrance will get it past Informational.  If it wasn't
for that, my vote would be "Just get it published".

Can we revisit this in 2012 (or 13, or whenever the patents expire)?

Peter.


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<Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> writes:

> The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as 
> Proposed Standard? 
>
>    [ ] Yes.
>    [ ] I think Informational/Experimental is better.
>    [ ] I don't care about the status, just get it published.
>    [ ] Something else, please state:

[X] Something else: Get more information about the patent status of this
technology, possibly asking the patent owner to chime in.

I don't think we have enough information to decide right now.  While you
cite a few IPR disclosures:

> - At least the following IPR disclosures may be relevant:
>
>   https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?&ipr_id=25
>   https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?&ipr_id=31
>   https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?&ipr_id=63

If these would apply to this particular document, I would feel that we
shouldn't put this document on the standards track.  But those
disclosures aren't about this document.  And we have several free
software implementations out there and there haven't been any problems.
I think we must evaluate whether these patents are still relevant.

It would help if the patent owner could declare what they think about
people implementing TLS-SRP.  Do the owner consider TLS-SRP
infringement?  Is the owner willing to improve the patent license to
something that is more acceptable to the community?  [1] Further, what
guarantees do we have that the patent owner doesn't change their minds?

> - Regardless of what status will be chosen, the RFC will 
>   not be compatible with any of those implementations
>   (since the TLS extension number will change).

I think that is a flaw with the TLS core specification that we should
fix.  It should be simple to get protocol numbers allocated to avoid
collisions.  I will maintain the old protocol numbers in GnuTLS for a
long while, and I suspect other implementers will do the same, to avoid
breaking backwards compatibility.

/Simon

[1] For hints on how to write a patent license that is more friendly
towards the free software community subset of the IETF community, see:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-josefsson-free-standards-howto-00.txt

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Simon Josefsson wrote:

> [X] Something else: Get more information about the patent status=20
> of this technology, possibly asking the patent owner to chime in.

I believe several attempts have been made over the years to get=20
more detailed IPR disclosures about SRP, but without much results.
In fact, this case is given as one example in RFC 3669.

<snip>

> If these would apply to this particular document, I would feel that
> we shouldn't put this document on the standards track.  But those
> disclosures aren't about this document.  And we have several free
> software implementations out there and there haven't been any
> problems. I think we must evaluate whether these patents are still
> relevant.

One of the basic principles of IETF IPR is that "the IETF will=20
make no determination about the validity of any particular IPR
claim" (see e.g. RFC 3979 and RFC 2026).

You, as an individual participant, are of course free to form opinions
about particular IPR claims (based on whatever evaluation you wish),
and express those opinions. But "we" as TLS WG will not make such a
determination.

In other words: we're not supposed to decide whether the IPRs
are valid or not; just whether this document is going Proposed
Standard or Informational/Experimental.

Best regards,
Pasi

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Thu May 24 08:16:06 2007
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com a =E9crit :
>> If these would apply to this particular document, I would feel that
>> we shouldn't put this document on the standards track.  But those
>> disclosures aren't about this document.  And we have several free
>> software implementations out there and there haven't been any
>> problems. I think we must evaluate whether these patents are still
>> relevant.
>>    =20
>
> One of the basic principles of IETF IPR is that "the IETF will=20
> make no determination about the validity of any particular IPR
> claim" (see e.g. RFC 3979 and RFC 2026).
>
> You, as an individual participant, are of course free to form opinions
> about particular IPR claims (based on whatever evaluation you wish),
> and express those opinions. But "we" as TLS WG will not make such a
> determination.
>
> In other words: we're not supposed to decide whether the IPRs
> are valid or not; just whether this document is going Proposed
> Standard or Informational/Experimental.
>
>  =20

[X] Yes.

IMHO, it is better to don't argue on the patent itself since the current=20
document is not the first and will not be the last IETF document to be=20
published as Standard Track with the presence of a particular IPR claim.

Best regards,
Badra

--=20
Mohamad Badra
CNRS - LIMOS Laboratory



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<Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> writes:

>In other words: we're not supposed to decide whether the IPRs are valid or
>not; just whether this document is going Proposed Standard or
>Informational/Experimental.

I agree that it's not the WG's job to try and figure out the patent status.
It is up to us to consider what the effect of the IPRs on deployment will be
though, and the effect for any commercial user is that they'll run screaming.
Just because someone says they're only using it in free software won't help
either, look at what happened with GIF once Unisys started trying to enforce
their patent on LZW.

Peter.


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Date: Thu, 24 May 2007 09:06:45 -0700
From: Chris Newman <Chris.Newman@Sun.COM>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote on 5/24/07 13:33 +0300:
> The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as
> Proposed Standard?
>
>    [ ] Yes.
>    [ ] I think Informational/Experimental is better.
>    [ ] I don't care about the status, just get it published.
>    [ ] Something else, please state:

     [X] I think Informational/Experimental is better.

It's my technical opinion that adding new user-level authentication mechanisms 
to the TLS layer is not a good idea in general.  TLS APIs are already quite 
complex and can be difficult to use.  Client certificate authentication has 
been there long enough that it's a known quantity how to dig the necessary 
details out of the TLS layer for an application to consume, however more 
traditional user-level authentication is a different beast.  As GSSAPI and SASL 
APIs have shown, designing general-purpose user-level authentication APIs is 
very difficult, by itself tends to create APIs most people can't understand, 
and it's not clear to me it's a good idea to add all that complexity to the 
existing TLS APIs.  I'd much rather keep user-level authentication as a 
separate subsystem and promote channel bindings on the standards track instead.

What do others on the list think about this issue?

                - Chris


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From: Tom Wu <tjw@CS.Stanford.EDU>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] RE: Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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> The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as 
> Proposed Standard? 
>
>    [X] Yes.
>    [ ] I think Informational/Experimental is better.
>    [ ] I don't care about the status, just get it published.
>    [ ] Something else, please state:

Proposed Standard is the best fit given the current situation.
There have been quite a few interoperating implementations of the SRP
ciphersuites, both open-source and commercial (which I can attest to
directly as a consultant on some of the projects), so it meets the IPR
test of "at least two interoperating implementations arising from
separate license exercise" by a wide margin.

Tom
-- 
Tom Wu
http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~tjw/

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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> Folks,
> 
> The one remaining issue with TLS SRP is its intended status (Proposed
> Standard, Informational, or Experimental). I and Eric think we need
> more data to determine consensus here, so this message starts a
> two-week straw poll on this issue. (Our apologies that this has 
> taken so long; this poll should have been some time ago already.)
> 
> The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as 
> Proposed Standard? 
> 
>    [ ] Yes.
>    [ ] I think Informational/Experimental is better.
>    [ ] I don't care about the status, just get it published.
>    [ ] Something else, please state:

    [1] Yes.
    [2] I don't care about the status, just get it published.

Rationale for [1] -
    - Stanford IPR is royalty-free
    - SPEKE IPR is non-relevant
    - Dunno about Lucent EKE - AFAICT, their lawyers avoid making 
definite statements on principle (sigh).  But in the 9-year history of 
SRP they've never bothered anyone about it.  Also, the patent expires in 
3 years, so it will be a moot point soon enough.


Trevor



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From: "Steven M. Bellovin" <smb@cs.columbia.edu>
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On Thu, 24 May 2007 11:11:00 -0700
Trevor Perrin <trevp@trevp.net> wrote:

>     - Dunno about Lucent EKE - AFAICT, their lawyers avoid making
> definite statements on principle (sigh).  But in the 9-year history
> of SRP they've never bothered anyone about it.  Also, the patent
> expires in 3 years, so it will be a moot point soon enough.
> 
Well, 4 years -- 20 years from the October 2, 1991 filing date, since
that's later than 17 years from the August 31, 1993 issue date.

Anyway -- you're never going to get a definitive "no" from Lucent.
There's absolutely no reason why they should bother -- if they say that
EKE doesn't apply to SRP, it gives them very little leverage to license
EKE.  If they say "yes", they have to do something about it, or no one
will take them seriously.  Besides, saying "yes" convincingly is a lot
of work; it would involve a fair amount of detailed study of the claims
in EKE and seeing how they match against what particular
implementations of SRP do.  This analysis includes understanding the
definitions in the (hard to understand) claims.  For example, claim 1
speaks of "forming an outgoing signal by encrypting at least a portion
of an excitation signal with a second symmetric key cryptosystem using
a key based on said authentication signal, said excitation signal being
based on a first signal, R.sub.A".  What is an "excitation signal"?
Coming up with suitable definitions is a major part of patent
litigation, and takes a significant amount of time and effort.  Why
should Lucent do that, if the FUD is working just as well?

Disclaimer: I'm one of the inventors of EKE.  But I haven't worked for
the patent owner since 1996, and back then they weren't interested in
my ideas about making it royalty-free for open source use, and charging
only for-profit users of the patent.  I have no idea if, when, to whom,
or how often Lucent has actually managed to license the patent.

		--Steve Bellovin, http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~smb

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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> Folks,
> 
> The one remaining issue with TLS SRP is its intended status (Proposed
> Standard, Informational, or Experimental). I and Eric think we need
> more data to determine consensus here, so this message starts a
> two-week straw poll on this issue. (Our apologies that this has 
> taken so long; this poll should have been some time ago already.)
> 
> The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as 
> Proposed Standard? 
> 
>    [ ] Yes.
>    [ ] I think Informational/Experimental is better.
>    [ ] I don't care about the status, just get it published.
>    [x] Something else, please state:

I think the WG must be consistent about whether or not IPR (other than
royalty-free IPR) forces an RFC into Informational/Experimental status.
That decision should not be revisited for each and every RFC that may
encounter it.

RFC 4492, the ECC-in-TLS RFC, was forced into Informational because the
IPR status was uncertain to some WG members, even though there are two
major browsers that offer it (one open source), servers from several
vendors that offer it, and it is implemented in at least TWO different
open source TLS implementations.  I think that's sufficient precedent.

Note that I don't think that "Informational/Experimental is better."
but rather that it is what the WG has done in the past, and the WG
should remain consistent, or else the chairs should explain why they
insisted on it before and are now not doing so.

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Subject: [TLS] Re: Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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Nelson B Bolyard <nelson@bolyard.com> writes:

> I think the WG must be consistent about whether or not IPR (other than
> royalty-free IPR) forces an RFC into Informational/Experimental status.
> That decision should not be revisited for each and every RFC that may
> encounter it.
>
> RFC 4492, the ECC-in-TLS RFC, was forced into Informational because the
> IPR status was uncertain to some WG members, even though there are two
> major browsers that offer it (one open source), servers from several
> vendors that offer it, and it is implemented in at least TWO different
> open source TLS implementations.  I think that's sufficient precedent.
>
> Note that I don't think that "Informational/Experimental is better."
> but rather that it is what the WG has done in the past, and the WG
> should remain consistent, or else the chairs should explain why they
> insisted on it before and are now not doing so.

I agree with this.  I think it would be useful if the WG could develop
some simple criteria related to patents, i.e., when a specific
technology can and cannot go to the Standards Track.

There may be exceptional situations when such simple criteria aren't
applicable -- and, alas, one could argue that both TLS-SRP and TLS-ECC
are complex enough not to fit under simple guidelines -- but then the WG
can discuss per-case what the answer should be.  The WG criterias can be
updated after such incidents.

Having simple guidelines written down would make the procedures appear
more open and would encourage consistency.  Right now the process seems
arbitrary, and is open to hijacking by those who shout the strongest at
the moment, and further, can easily be FUDed by referencing patents
whose relevance have not been established.  I volunteer to help such an
effort or document.

/Simon

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Subject: RE: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
Date: Fri, 25 May 2007 16:02:06 +0300
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Nelson B Bolyard wrote:

> I think the WG must be consistent about whether or not IPR (other
> than royalty-free IPR) forces an RFC into Informational/Experimental
> status.  That decision should not be revisited for each and every
> RFC that may encounter it.

I actually think quite the opposite; that decision *should* be
revisited for each and every RFC.=20

The decision cannot depend only on the existence of IPR claims. =20
Not all IPR claims and license terms are equal.  And IPR claims=20
anyway usually cover only IPR held by those contributing to the=20
work; it's even likely that other IPR might be found later,=20
after the document has been published.

But most importantly, not all documents are equal. There are some
things we probably want on standards track even though there is
other-than-royalty-free IPR (IPsec is one obvious example). Other
documents could be better off Informational/Experimental even in the
absence of any IPR.

<snip>

> Note that I don't think that "Informational/Experimental is better."
> but rather that it is what the WG has done in the past, and the WG
> should remain consistent, or else the chairs should explain why they
> insisted on it before and are now not doing so.

That decision was not made by the chairs (*): there was a straw poll,
the result of which was that there was no WG consensus to publish it
as PS, so it went Informational.

We're having a similar straw poll right now, so I think we are
being consistent -- the decisions are made by rough WG consensus,
not formal rules.

(*) Disclaimer: I wasn't chair back then, and I supported PS.

Best regards,
Pasi

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From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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At 2:05 PM -0700 5/24/07, Nelson B Bolyard wrote:
>  >    [x] Something else, please state:
>
>I think the WG must be consistent about whether or not IPR (other than
>royalty-free IPR) forces an RFC into Informational/Experimental status.
>That decision should not be revisited for each and every RFC that may
>encounter it.
>
>RFC 4492, the ECC-in-TLS RFC, was forced into Informational because the
>IPR status was uncertain to some WG members, even though there are two
>major browsers that offer it (one open source), servers from several
>vendors that offer it, and it is implemented in at least TWO different
>open source TLS implementations.  I think that's sufficient precedent.
>
>Note that I don't think that "Informational/Experimental is better."
>but rather that it is what the WG has done in the past, and the WG
>should remain consistent, or else the chairs should explain why they
>insisted on it before and are now not doing so.

Fully agree. And I think it is appropriate to delay the decision on 
tls-srp until we have made that decision. Such a delay will not 
affect developers significantly.

FWIW, I'm fine with us saying "they can get on standards track just 
as well as if there were no IPR issues", but I'm equally fine with 
"they can only be published as Informational".


At 4:02 PM +0300 5/25/07, <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> wrote:
>The decision cannot depend only on the existence of IPR claims. 
>Not all IPR claims and license terms are equal.  And IPR claims
>anyway usually cover only IPR held by those contributing to the
>work; it's even likely that other IPR might be found later,
>after the document has been published.

If more than a small handful of TLS WG members think that a 
properly-published IPR claim is likely to be valid enough to be held 
against them, that is a high enough bar to put the proposal in the 
"IPR-affected" bucket.

>But most importantly, not all documents are equal. There are some
>things we probably want on standards track even though there is
>other-than-royalty-free IPR (IPsec is one obvious example).

This is irrelevant. We are talking about TLS extensions, not TLS itself.

>Other
>documents could be better off Informational/Experimental even in the
>absence of any IPR.

This is also irrelevant.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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----- Original Message -----
From: "Chris Newman" <Chris.Newman@Sun.COM>
To: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>; <tls@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2007 6:06 PM
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status


> Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote on 5/24/07 13:33 +0300:
> > The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as
> > Proposed Standard?
> >
> >    [ ] Yes.
> >    [ ] I think Informational/Experimental is better.
> >    [ ] I don't care about the status, just get it published.
> >    [ ] Something else, please state:
>
>
> It's my technical opinion that adding new user-level authentication mechanisms
> to the TLS layer is not a good idea in general.  TLS APIs are already quite
> complex and can be difficult to use.  Client certificate authentication has
> been there long enough that it's a known quantity how to dig the necessary
> details out of the TLS layer for an application to consume, however more
> traditional user-level authentication is a different beast.  As GSSAPI and
SASL
> APIs have shown, designing general-purpose user-level authentication APIs is
> very difficult, by itself tends to create APIs most people can't understand,
> and it's not clear to me it's a good idea to add all that complexity to the
> existing TLS APIs.  I'd much rather keep user-level authentication as a
> separate subsystem and promote channel bindings on the standards track
instead.
>
> What do others on the list think about this issue?
>
>                 - Chris
>
I agree with you; we are making a complex technical situation (ignoring legal
issues such as IPR) yet more complex which leads me to

   [X] Something else, please state:

Do not publish this as an RFC.  If this is a single transferrable preference
system (I just love Irish general elections, voting was yesterday) then my
second preference is

   [X] I think Informational/Experimental is the next less bad

Tom Petch


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From: Tom Wu <tjw@CS.Stanford.EDU>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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On Fri, 25 May 2007, tom.petch wrote:

> I agree with you; we are making a complex technical situation (ignoring legal
> issues such as IPR) yet more complex which leads me to

Given that the SRP-TLS draft does a fairly good job of containing that
complexity, as evidenced by the success of its interoperating
implementations, it seems this concern would be more than
counterbalanced by the overall utility of having a handy solution
to the password authentication+transport security problem.

Tom
-- 
Tom Wu
http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~tjw/

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Paul Hoffman wrote:
> At 2:05 PM -0700 5/24/07, Nelson B Bolyard wrote:
[...]
>> Note that I don't think that "Informational/Experimental is better."
>> but rather that it is what the WG has done in the past, and the WG
>> should remain consistent, or else the chairs should explain why they
>> insisted on it before and are now not doing so.
> 
> Fully agree. And I think it is appropriate to delay the decision on 
> tls-srp until we have made that decision. Such a delay will not affect 
> developers significantly.

It will, since we'd like to get IANA numbers assigned soon.

I think the IPR situation is as clear as it's going to get, and the 
chairs are doing the best they can in polling the WG.

As Pasi say, these issues are complex and situtation-dependent.  It 
would be nice to have a clear, mechanical policy to apply, but I don't 
know of any WG or Standards Body with such a thing.

This draft has languished long enough, let's just get rough consensus 
and move on.


Trevor

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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: paul.hoffman@vpnc.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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"Chris Newman" <Chris.Newman@Sun.COM> writes:

> Client certificate authentication has been there long enough that it's a 
> known quantity how to dig the necessary details out of the TLS layer for an 
> application to consume

And we all know how well client certs haved worked out in practice.  The
abject failure of TLS client-cert authentication is probably the strongest
argument in favour of providing new authentication mechanisms that do actually
work.

> I'd much rather keep user-level authentication as a separate subsystem and
> promote channel bindings on the standards track instead.

>From a very abstract protocol point of view that sounds good.  From a UI point
of view it's terrible: You need to integrate mutual authentication directly
into the crypto handshake, not have it as a separate layer.  If you don't, you
fall into the "connect to anything listening on the appropriate port, then
hand over your credentials" trap that makes HTTP-over-TLS the phisher's best
friend.  A TLS handshake can have only two possibile outcomes, "connected with
both sides authenticated" or "not connected".  Anything else and you're just
providing substrate for phishing attacks.

Peter.

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Sun May 27 04:41:37 2007
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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I agree about the need to implement authentication systems that work  
in practice (passwords, token cards, OTP) into TLS.

But still, I think the IPR issue is important here.  I think it will  
deter all browser makers, both commercial and open source. If our  
goal is to allow passwords for authenticating SSL, this is not the way.

So I'm going to go with
    [X] I think Informational/Experimental is better.

Disclaimer: my opinion is somewhat biased. I'm one of the authors of  
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nir-tee-pm-00.txt and I  
really think you should give the user the choice between IPR-laden  
methods (such as EAP-SRP) and IPR-free methods such as EAP-MD5.


On May 26, 2007, at 4:36 AM, Peter Gutmann wrote:

> "Chris Newman" <Chris.Newman@Sun.COM> writes:
>
>> Client certificate authentication has been there long enough that  
>> it's a
>> known quantity how to dig the necessary details out of the TLS  
>> layer for an
>> application to consume
>
> And we all know how well client certs haved worked out in  
> practice.  The
> abject failure of TLS client-cert authentication is probably the  
> strongest
> argument in favour of providing new authentication mechanisms that  
> do actually
> work.
>
>> I'd much rather keep user-level authentication as a separate  
>> subsystem and
>> promote channel bindings on the standards track instead.
>
>> From a very abstract protocol point of view that sounds good.   
>> From a UI point
> of view it's terrible: You need to integrate mutual authentication  
> directly
> into the crypto handshake, not have it as a separate layer.  If you  
> don't, you
> fall into the "connect to anything listening on the appropriate  
> port, then
> hand over your credentials" trap that makes HTTP-over-TLS the  
> phisher's best
> friend.  A TLS handshake can have only two possibile outcomes,  
> "connected with
> both sides authenticated" or "not connected".  Anything else and  
> you're just
> providing substrate for phishing attacks.
>
> Peter.
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>


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Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com> writes:

>I'm one of the authors of
>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nir-tee-pm-00.txt and I really
>think you should give the user the choice between IPR-laden methods (such as
>EAP-SRP) and IPR-free methods such as EAP-MD5.

Interesting draft [0]!  However, I'd never heard of this until now, and it's
not listed in the drafts on the TLS WG page either.

Peter.

[0] Disclaimer: I haven't read through it thoroughly yet, I'm sure I'll find
    something to gripe about presently :-).

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From: Tom Wu <tjw@CS.Stanford.EDU>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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> I really think you should give the user the choice between IPR-laden methods (such as EAP-SRP) and IPR-free methods such as EAP-MD5.

As you indicate, your bias affects how you frame the issue and what
premises you accept.  In actuality, your point is ironically a good
one in favor of making TLS-SRP Proposed, precisely because it's a good
thing to have a choice between a strong password solution (TLS-SRP)
and a weaker one (EAP-MD5?) in TLS.

And given that SRP's licensing terms have made it the most widespread
of the various strong password techniques, it's the only viable
candidate for Proposed status, if you believe that it is to the
benefit of the greater good to have a strong (against passive and
active dictionary attack), well-tested, and standardized mechanism
for password authentication over TLS.  Then let the market decide.

Tom
-- 
Tom Wu
http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~tjw/

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Folks,

We have a request from the IESG re draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07.

The IESG is considering publication of this document as a Proposed
Standard. The IESG has requested that the TLS WG provide input
(positive or negative) on this proposal. Please post comments to the
list before Monday June 11.

-Ekr




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Subject: RE: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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Paul Hoffman wrote:

> >Note that I don't think that "Informational/Experimental is better."
> >but rather that it is what the WG has done in the past, and the WG
> >should remain consistent, or else the chairs should explain why they
> >insisted on it before and are now not doing so.
>=20
> Fully agree. And I think it is appropriate to delay the decision on=20
> tls-srp until we have made that decision. Such a delay will not=20
> affect developers significantly.

While it's relatively easy to sort documents to "IPR-affected" and=20
"no significant IPR issues known" buckets, do you have any suggestions
about what kinds of rules you would want for sorting documents=20
to "Standards Track" and "Informational/Experimental" buckets?

In doing so, we have to follow RFC 2026 (which defines the different
maturity levels) -- but at least I cannot see how any mechanical rule
could be used to get that result, beyond asking WG members to exercise
their judgement (i.e. what we have done so far).

Best regards,
Pasi

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Subject: [TLS] Re: Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
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Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> writes:

> Folks,
>
> We have a request from the IESG re draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07.
>
> The IESG is considering publication of this document as a Proposed
> Standard. The IESG has requested that the TLS WG provide input
> (positive or negative) on this proposal. Please post comments to the
> list before Monday June 11.

I implemented tls-authz in gnutls some time ago and sent two technical
comments in <http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.tls/2365>.  I believe
one of them is still relevant:

- The size of authorization data, i.e., X.509 attribute certs and SAML
  assertions, are limited to 64kb.  Is it certain that we won't need
  more?

Further, as many of you are certainly aware, there are patent claims on
the technology, see the IPR disclosure page at:

https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?&ipr_id=833

The disclosure mentions a patent license.  I see two problems with the
license:

1) You need to explicitly request license from RPS.  This approach has
   worked poorly in the past.  Some companies goes away and never
   replies to such requests, leaving implementers in a legally unclear
   situation.  There are even examples of big companies not responding
   to license requests (ObExample: IBM's Unicode BOCU patent license).
   I believe this is sufficient to defer significant wide use of the
   protocol.

   This problem could be addressed by granting the rights in the license
   directly to everyone, without a need to request the license.

2) The license you get restrict use of the protocol to SAML attributes
   and X.509 attribute certificates that do not refer to legal
   contracts.  This is what I have understood 'PAS functions' in the
   license to refer to.  Whether the references must be explicit in the
   authorization data is probably not easy to decide.

   I believe there is a considerable amount of prior art for having
   implicit references to legal contracts in authorization data.  For
   example, a Kerberos ticket with a principal that refer to an
   employee's account can be seen as an implicit reference to the
   employee's contract with the company, which may include a security
   policy that needs to be followed.  Still, existence of prior art
   doesn't mean implementers can ignore a patent.

   For one project I'm involved in which is considering to use
   TLS-AUTHZ, we've informally realized that this situation is a
   non-starter, and that if we have to, we'll look into other technical
   solutions to achieve the same goal as tls-authz.

While I am quite aware of efforts to improve the patent situation -- I
have talked to Mark about the license -- I believe that until there is
consensus in the IETF community that the (possibly revised) license
terms are acceptable for wide deployment on the Internet, this document
should not be published as a Proposed Standard.

/Simon

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue May 29 07:00:02 2007
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
Date: Tue, 29 May 2007 13:59:38 +0300
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Note that I am not against SRP at all.  Although the EAP-SRP effort  
seems to have been abandoned, it still has method type number 19 in  
IANA.

I think SRP should not be a stand-alone extension, but rather that it  
should be introduced as part of EAP.

The choice is between separate extensions for SRP and for each  
authentication method, or to introduce them all at once under EAP, as  
was done in IKEv2.

On May 28, 2007, at 1:40 AM, Tom Wu wrote:

>> I really think you should give the user the choice between IPR- 
>> laden methods (such as EAP-SRP) and IPR-free methods such as EAP-MD5.
>
> As you indicate, your bias affects how you frame the issue and what
> premises you accept.  In actuality, your point is ironically a good
> one in favor of making TLS-SRP Proposed, precisely because it's a good
> thing to have a choice between a strong password solution (TLS-SRP)
> and a weaker one (EAP-MD5?) in TLS.
>
> And given that SRP's licensing terms have made it the most widespread
> of the various strong password techniques, it's the only viable
> candidate for Proposed status, if you believe that it is to the
> benefit of the greater good to have a strong (against passive and
> active dictionary attack), well-tested, and standardized mechanism
> for password authentication over TLS.  Then let the market decide.
>
> Tom
> -- 
> Tom Wu
> http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~tjw/
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>


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On Thu, May 24, 2007 at 01:33:32PM +0300, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

> The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as 
> Proposed Standard? 
> 
>    [ ] Yes.
>    [ ] I think Informational/Experimental is better.
>    [ ] I don't care about the status, just get it published.
>    [ ] Something else, please state:

     [X] I don't care about the status, just get it published.

WRT IPR concerns: the people who need to implement this need to
educate themselves on what IPR exists and deal with it. Let's move
the document forward.

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Date: Tue, 29 May 2007 09:02:53 -0700
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From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: RE: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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At 11:05 AM +0300 5/29/07, <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> wrote:
>Paul Hoffman wrote:
>
>>  >Note that I don't think that "Informational/Experimental is better."
>>  >but rather that it is what the WG has done in the past, and the WG
>>  >should remain consistent, or else the chairs should explain why they
>>  >insisted on it before and are now not doing so.
>>
>>  Fully agree. And I think it is appropriate to delay the decision on
>>  tls-srp until we have made that decision. Such a delay will not
>>  affect developers significantly.
>
>While it's relatively easy to sort documents to "IPR-affected" and
>"no significant IPR issues known" buckets, do you have any suggestions
>about what kinds of rules you would want for sorting documents
>to "Standards Track" and "Informational/Experimental" buckets?

My preference is "IPR-affected" all go into the 
"Informational/Experimental" bucket. My main reasons for that are:

- It will stop this repetitive discussion

- The "lower" status of Informational or Experimental is irrelevant 
to users but seems relevant to some developers

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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From: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
To: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
Date: Tue, 29 May 2007 18:53:50 +0200 (MEST)
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Peter Gutmann wrote:
> "Chris Newman" <Chris.Newman@Sun.COM> writes:
> > Client certificate authentication has been there long enough that it's a 
> > known quantity how to dig the necessary details out of the TLS layer for an 
> > application to consume
> 
> And we all know how well client certs haved worked out in practice.
> The abject failure of TLS client-cert authentication is probably the
> strongest argument in favour of providing new authentication mechanisms
> that do actually work.

We are happily using SSL with client certs for 30k+ users with a number
of different servers and we've been using it productively for 6 years
now (started using it 1999).

Initially there were a few bugs in MSIE, but they've been fixed
a few years ago.  Right now, the largest remaining issue for the
most commonly used platform is a Hotfix for WinHTTP that IIRC
is not yet available for public download.

One observation about SSL client certificate verification: you absolutely
do NOT want revocation checking or any kind of fancy path validation
(policy constraints and other bullshit) be done within the TLS stack.
Everything that involves communication to third parties or additional
computational processing will have to be done at a point where it
scales (i.e. in the backend server farm) or it will kill throughput
in a large server and ambitions for high availability.


>
> > I'd much rather keep user-level authentication as a separate subsystem and
> > promote channel bindings on the standards track instead.
> 
> From a very abstract protocol point of view that sounds good.  From a UI point
> of view it's terrible: You need to integrate mutual authentication directly
> into the crypto handshake, not have it as a separate layer.  If you don't, you
> fall into the "connect to anything listening on the appropriate port, then
> hand over your credentials" trap that makes HTTP-over-TLS the phisher's best
> friend.  A TLS handshake can have only two possibile outcomes, "connected with
> both sides authenticated" or "not connected".  Anything else and you're just
> providing substrate for phishing attacks.

I agree that for User-level (or more precisely app-level) authentication is
the preferable approach for pretty much all scenarios that are not
(or not yet) native SSL/TLS, including passwords and GSS-API authentication
(e.g. rfc-4559).  It scales much better and it is much easier to adapt
to custom requirements (of legacy authentication systems).

Having to mess with the _entire_ middleware (SSL/TLS and backend
communication layers directly above it) each time an additional
authentication scheme (or additional attribute of an existing scheme)
needs to be supported is the nightmare scenario for software maintenance,
especially if there are thrid-party components (like SSL Accellerators
or reverse proxies) are involved.


-Martin

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Subject: RE: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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	<E1HrlCS-0008KX-00@medusa01.cs.auckland.ac.nz>
From: "Kemp, David P." <DPKemp@missi.ncsc.mil>
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We all know that there are communities where client certs have worked
quite well in practice.  Based on that experience, we are at the point
of arguing not over whether client certs should be used (they are) but
whether smartcards should be required or software is good enough.  Try
banging on Google's top entry for "defense online" without a cert; there
is a huge community of users with certs who use it every day.

But if password-based authentication must be used, I agree that it must
be as tightly bound to session establishment as client certs currently
are.  Perhaps that will be achieved in practice with "separate subsystem
with channel bindings", perhaps not.  Cert operations are handed over to
the PKCS-11 subsystem yet are still bound to the handshake; in principle
a PBE subsystem and binding interface could be implemented with equal
care.

Dave


-----Original Message-----
From: Peter Gutmann [mailto:pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz]=20
Sent: Friday, May 25, 2007 9:36 PM
To: paul.hoffman@vpnc.org
Cc: tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status

"Chris Newman" <Chris.Newman@Sun.COM> writes:

> Client certificate authentication has been there long enough that it's
a=20
> known quantity how to dig the necessary details out of the TLS layer
for an=20
> application to consume

And we all know how well client certs haved worked out in practice.  The
abject failure of TLS client-cert authentication is probably the
strongest
argument in favour of providing new authentication mechanisms that do
actually
work.

> I'd much rather keep user-level authentication as a separate subsystem
and
> promote channel bindings on the standards track instead.

>From a very abstract protocol point of view that sounds good.  From a
UI point
of view it's terrible: You need to integrate mutual authentication
directly
into the crypto handshake, not have it as a separate layer.  If you
don't, you
fall into the "connect to anything listening on the appropriate port,
then
hand over your credentials" trap that makes HTTP-over-TLS the phisher's
best
friend.  A TLS handshake can have only two possibile outcomes,
"connected with
both sides authenticated" or "not connected".  Anything else and you're
just
providing substrate for phishing attacks.

Peter.

_______________________________________________
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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue May 29 13:27:16 2007
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
To: paul.hoffman@vpnc.org (Paul Hoffman)
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[X] I think Informational/Experimental is better.

Paul Hoffman wrote:
> 
> My preference is "IPR-affected" all go into the 
> "Informational/Experimental" bucket. My main reasons for that are:
> 
> - It will stop this repetitive discussion
> 
> - The "lower" status of Informational or Experimental is irrelevant 
> to users but seems relevant to some developers

The document status is pretty much the only "incentive" that the
IETF can put out for companies to slow down on their patents race
or at least to come up with reasonable licensing terms (i.e. royalty free
for Free and OpenSource software).

Even Lucent could come up with an IPR statement describing under
what terms they will be licensing their patent(s) should they
ever come to the conclusion that their any of their patent(s) apply,
and that they have not made any such determination so far.

-Martin

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> From: Martin Rex [mailto:Martin.Rex@sap.com]
>=20
> We are happily using SSL with client certs for 30k+ users with
> a number of different servers and we've been using it productively
> for 6 years now (started using it 1999).

Ditto, for 4.3 million users.  Ditto for the implementation concerns
surrounding revocation, which for certs can be addressed in a scalable
manner.

I have doubts that password-based SSO schemes can achieve a similar
level of scalability.

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue May 29 14:09:58 2007
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From: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
To: DPKemp@missi.ncsc.mil (Kemp David P.)
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Kemp, David P. wrote:
> 
> We all know that there are communities where client certs have worked
> quite well in practice.  Based on that experience, we are at the point
> of arguing not over whether client certs should be used (they are) but
> whether smartcards should be required or software is good enough.  Try
> banging on Google's top entry for "defense online" without a cert; there
> is a huge community of users with certs who use it every day.

I'm not very familiar with the various kinds of support for crypto hardware
that is out there, or those that you're thinking of.

The one that I know (available for the OEM software that we ship)
performs only the secret key operations in hardware (on the smartcard)
because its primary function is to not reveal the private key.

Even if there were smartcards able to hold arbirarily large and complex
lists of trust anchors and able to independently build certificate
chains and perform path validations -- as long as the security critical
action is performed in regular software, that software can be trojaned
(skipping the PKI checks or ignore the results).

I see one area where an improvement might be useful (at least for those
platforms where users do not always work with full privileges, and
where we believe that there exists some level of effective privilege
seperation): have the private-key operations performed by a
privileged system service rather than entirely within the
process space of the user application, sort-of a software-smartcard.


> 
> But if password-based authentication must be used, I agree that it must
> be as tightly bound to session establishment as client certs currently
> are.  Perhaps that will be achieved in practice with "separate subsystem
> with channel bindings", perhaps not.  Cert operations are handed over to
> the PKCS-11 subsystem yet are still bound to the handshake; in principle
> a PBE subsystem and binding interface could be implemented with equal
> care.

Just that we currently don't have suitable channel bindings in
the installed base of SSL/TLS that will work transparently accross
all deployed scenarios (some of which are using seperate consecutive
but independently protected communication links).  A re-encrypting
reverse proxy (including SSL Accellerators) is probably the most
common multi-hop scenario.

But if the nature of SSL/TLS channel bindings is defined and nailed
down, then the existing deployments may be adopting means to
transfer them in multi-hop scenarios in similar fashions how they
make SSL client-cert authentication work in multi-hop scenarios,
and that work must only be done once.

-Martin

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To: Simon Josefsson <simon@josefsson.org>
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Simon:

> > We have a request from the IESG re draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07.

I see many places where authorization will be useful.  I would like 
to see this document get published as a standards track RFC.

I will also reply to Simon's comments.

> > The IESG is considering publication of this document as a Proposed
> > Standard. The IESG has requested that the TLS WG provide input
> > (positive or negative) on this proposal. Please post comments to the
> > list before Monday June 11.
>
>I implemented tls-authz in gnutls some time ago and sent two technical
>comments in <http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.tls/2365>.  I believe
>one of them is still relevant:
>
>- The size of authorization data, i.e., X.509 attribute certs and SAML
>   assertions, are limited to 64kb.  Is it certain that we won't need
>   more?

I recall responding to this the first time around.  I said that I 
could not imagine needing 64KB for X.509 Attribute Certificates, but 
I do not have experience with SAML Assertions.  I know they are 
bigger, but I do not have any way to gauge the likelihood that 64KB 
will not be enough.

>Further, as many of you are certainly aware, there are patent claims on
>the technology, see the IPR disclosure page at:
>
>https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?&ipr_id=833
>
>The disclosure mentions a patent license.  I see two problems with the
>license:
>
>1) You need to explicitly request license from RPS.  This approach has
>    worked poorly in the past.  Some companies goes away and never
>    replies to such requests, leaving implementers in a legally unclear
>    situation.  There are even examples of big companies not responding
>    to license requests (ObExample: IBM's Unicode BOCU patent license).
>    I believe this is sufficient to defer significant wide use of the
>    protocol.
>
>    This problem could be addressed by granting the rights in the license
>    directly to everyone, without a need to request the license.
>
>2) The license you get restrict use of the protocol to SAML attributes
>    and X.509 attribute certificates that do not refer to legal
>    contracts.  This is what I have understood 'PAS functions' in the
>    license to refer to.  Whether the references must be explicit in the
>    authorization data is probably not easy to decide.
>
>    I believe there is a considerable amount of prior art for having
>    implicit references to legal contracts in authorization data.  For
>    example, a Kerberos ticket with a principal that refer to an
>    employee's account can be seen as an implicit reference to the
>    employee's contract with the company, which may include a security
>    policy that needs to be followed.  Still, existence of prior art
>    doesn't mean implementers can ignore a patent.
>
>    For one project I'm involved in which is considering to use
>    TLS-AUTHZ, we've informally realized that this situation is a
>    non-starter, and that if we have to, we'll look into other technical
>    solutions to achieve the same goal as tls-authz.
>
>While I am quite aware of efforts to improve the patent situation -- I
>have talked to Mark about the license -- I believe that until there is
>consensus in the IETF community that the (possibly revised) license
>terms are acceptable for wide deployment on the Internet, this document
>should not be published as a Proposed Standard.

I see many places where authorization will be useful, and in many, if 
not most, of these places the RedPhone Security IPR does not seem to 
apply.  This is my assessment, and I am not a lawyer.  I know that 
the most recent IPR statement from RedPhone Security does not satisfy 
Simon, and I hope that will be resolved in the near future.  Even if 
that turns out to take a long time, the protocol extensions will be 
useful in the contexts where the RedPhone Security IPR does not 
apply., Of course, the applicability must be judged by the 
implementors and users, not by me.

Russ


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue May 29 17:13:16 2007
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I believe the IETF announced that it would be sending this draft back to
the 'starting gate'.  To me, that means that TLS has to do several
things:

1) Consider non-patented alternatives in accordance with RFC2418 and
RFC3979.

2) Obtain a thorough review and consensus per RFC2026 and RFC2418.

3) Pass a working group last-call, per RFC2026 and RFC2418.

So, the TLS working group should consider and process the draft as
though it were just now submitted for the first time.

As I understand the IESG position, it is not considering publication at
the present time, and the document is not presently on the IESG agenda,
and will not be on the agenda until a last-call is requested by the TLS
working group chair. If my understanding is not correct, please correct
me.

With the above understanding:

I am against the current draft as it stands on the grounds that it is
patented, and a non-patented alternative is easily found. No
non-patented alternative has been discussed. This is a technical
objection.

Furthermore, I oppose the corrupt acts of the IETF official in
concealing the patent from the IESG while accepting money to write and
promote the draft.  The authors have already admitting to both knowing
of the patent and knowing of the IETF patent policy for the entire
development of the draft, and still concealed the patent from the IESG
and IETF community. A software patent is often worth millions of dollars
for justification of investment capital (that doesn't count the economic
harms, though). A patented software standard is worth many times more.  
The economic motives of the deception are impossible to avoid, and while
this isn't entirely a technical objection [though it is an objection
based on the abuse of IETF process by the authors as permitted by
RFC2026], I think a moral and ethical objection to this draft is quite
appropriate and allowed by RFC2026.

		--Dean



On Mon, 28 May 2007, Eric Rescorla wrote:

> Folks,
> 
> We have a request from the IESG re draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07.
> 
> The IESG is considering publication of this document as a Proposed
> Standard. The IESG has requested that the TLS WG provide input
> (positive or negative) on this proposal. Please post comments to the
> list before Monday June 11.




-- 
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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue May 29 17:29:08 2007
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[I corrected a couple things]

I believe the IESG announced that it would be sending this draft back to
the 'starting gate'.  To me, that means that TLS has to do several
things:

1) Consider non-patented alternatives in accordance with RFC2418 and
RFC3979.

2) Obtain a thorough review and consensus per RFC2026 and RFC2418.

3) Pass a working group last-call, per RFC2026 and RFC2418.

So, the TLS working group should consider and process the draft as
though it were just now submitted for the first time.

As I understand the IESG position, it is not considering publication at
the present time, and the document is not presently on the IESG agenda,
and will not be on the agenda until a last-call is requested by the TLS
working group chair. If my understanding is not correct, please correct
me.

With the above understanding:

I am against the current draft as it stands on the grounds that it is
patented, and a non-patented alternative is easily found. No
non-patented alternative has been discussed. This is a technical
objection.

Furthermore, I oppose the corrupt acts of the IETF official in
concealing the patent from the IESG while accepting money to write and
promote the draft.  The authors have already admitted to both knowing of
the patent and knowing of the IETF patent policy for the entire
development of the draft, and still concealed the patent from the IESG
and IETF community. A software patent is often worth millions of dollars
for justification of investment capital (that doesn't count the economic
harms, though). A patented software standard is worth many times more.  
The economic motives of the deception are impossible to avoid, and while
this isn't entirely a technical objection [though it is an objection
based on the abuse of IETF process by the authors as permitted by
RFC2026], I think a moral and ethical objection to this draft is quite
appropriate and allowed by RFC2026.

		--Dean



On Mon, 28 May 2007, Eric Rescorla wrote:

> Folks,
> 
> We have a request from the IESG re draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07.
> 
> The IESG is considering publication of this document as a Proposed
> Standard. The IESG has requested that the TLS WG provide input
> (positive or negative) on this proposal. Please post comments to the
> list before Monday June 11.




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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue May 29 18:20:44 2007
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Dean Anderson <dean@av8.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
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At Tue, 29 May 2007 17:12:59 -0400 (EDT),
Dean Anderson wrote:
> 
> I believe the IETF announced that it would be sending this draft back to
> the 'starting gate'.  To me, that means that TLS has to do several
> things:
> 
> 1) Consider non-patented alternatives in accordance with RFC2418 and
> RFC3979.
> 
> 2) Obtain a thorough review and consensus per RFC2026 and RFC2418.
> 
> 3) Pass a working group last-call, per RFC2026 and RFC2418.
> 
> So, the TLS working group should consider and process the draft as
> though it were just now submitted for the first time.

<speaking as chair>

Dean,

That is not correct. This is (and was) an AD sponsored submission.
The TLS WG was previously asked if it wished to take on this document
and said no. The question of whether this document should go back to
ground zero (i.e., as if that discussion had not taken place)
is not really an appropriate one for this group and should be
addressed to the IESG or the IETF mailing list. If you want to
argue that TLS-WG SHOULD take up this kind of work, that is of
course approriate, but it's not a procedural requirement here.


> As I understand the IESG position, it is not considering publication at
> the present time, and the document is not presently on the IESG agenda,
> and will not be on the agenda until a last-call is requested by the TLS
> working group chair. If my understanding is not correct, please correct
> me.

This is incorrect. The IESG is now considering publication and it
is in that context that they asked the TLS WG for its opinion.

-Ekr




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From: "Mark Brown" <mark@redphonesecurity.com>
To: <tls@ietf.org>
References: <20070528183851.2E07E33C1A@delta.rtfm.com>
Subject: RE: [TLS] Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
Date: Tue, 29 May 2007 21:38:19 -0500
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A few points I think are relevant:

1) The RedPhone Security (RPS) patent application and its General Use
License (GUL) protect a *new* method of verifying authorizations.

2) If it's been published or in use prior to RPS's patent filing, then *any*
such method of verifying authorizations is "prior art", and can be used with
tls-authz under the GUL.  There are a lot of prior specs in this area...
And of course you're free to invent new verification methods, etc.  Only one
method is reserved by RPS under the GUL.

3) tls-authz doesn't specify any method for verifying authorizations  

The GUL provides a way to be sure that RPS won't raise any claims of
infringement against you (except obviously the PAS functions).  Since nobody
knows precisely which RPS patent claims will issue, executing a GUL may help
to alleviate concerns right now.  The RedPhone Security GUL amounts to a way
to guarantee for yourself that Sending any "prior art" SAML / AC assertions
over TLS will be royalty-free.  On the whole it's your choice to use the GUL
or not.

I'm glossing over some details, but these are the main issues.  I think we
all would benefit from agreeing there is value in authorizing TLS sessions
using assertions, that the tls-authz mechanics are straightforward (and
don't favor RPS IPR), and that using all prior art authorization methods
should be -- and can easily be -- royalty-free under tls-authz and the
RedPhone Security GUL.

--mark


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Subject: RE: [TLS] Re: Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
Date: Wed, 30 May 2007 10:58:39 +0300
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Russ Housley wrote:

> >- The size of authorization data, i.e., X.509 attribute=20
> >  certs and SAML assertions, are limited to 64kb.  Is it certain=20
> >  that we won't need more?
>=20
> I recall responding to this the first time around.  I said that=20
> I could not imagine needing 64KB for X.509 Attribute Certificates,=20
> but I do not have experience with SAML Assertions.  I know they=20
> are bigger, but I do not have any way to gauge the likelihood=20
> that 64KB will not be enough.

One relatively simple SAML assertion example from the SAML specs=20
is 3.5 KB. If it used 4096-bit RSA keys instead of 1024, and=20
included holder-of-key SubjectConfirmation block, it would be=20
maybe 6 KB. If it included more complex assertions or additional=20
certificates, it could get over 10 KB.

IMHO the safety margin is too small for "64K ought to be enough for
everyone" :-)

Best regards,
Pasi

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Subject: RE: [TLS] Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
Date: Wed, 30 May 2007 10:59:42 +0300
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> We have a request from the IESG re draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07.
>=20
> The IESG is considering publication of this document as a Proposed
> Standard. The IESG has requested that the TLS WG provide input
> (positive or negative) on this proposal. Please post comments to the
> list before Monday June 11.

<not wearing any hats>

Basically repeating the comments I made during the second IETF=20
last call:

- I think this document is somewhat useful; and given that there are
others who seem to share this view -- and basically nobody has claimed
that the technical solution is flawed or undesirable -- I think IESG
should publish this document. IMHO not publishing this as a form of
punishment would be a wrong thing to do.

- IMHO the most appropriate status would be Experimental.

- As was already pointed out by others, the IESG should use this
opportunity (before we have deployments) to change the length fields
from 16 bits to 24 bits (the rest of TLS already uses 24-bit length
fields for certificates).

Best regards,
Pasi

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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com, tls@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [TLS] Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:

>I think this document is somewhat useful; and given that there are others who
>seem to share this view -- and basically nobody has claimed that the
>technical solution is flawed or undesirable -- I think IESG should publish
>this document. IMHO not publishing this as a form of punishment would be a
>wrong thing to do.

One potential problem with it is that we're seeing a pile of alternative-
authentication-method proposals for TLS, and there may be better (more
flexible or compatible-with-existing) ways of doing this.  In addition since
there does seem to be a fair bit of interest in this, having a universal
framework to handle it and then allowing individual mechanisms as profiles
within the framework may be a better approach.

At the moment we have two ways to do TLS-alternative-auth, either make it part
of the TLS handshake (that is, modify the crypto portion of the TLS
handshake), or add it as a TLS extension protocol.  The former approach is
used by TLS-KRB5, TLS-PSK, and TLS-SRP.  The latter approach is used by (at
least) TLS-Authz and TLS-EAP (and I think I may have seen one or two probably
now-expired drafts float past in the past as well).

If this is a useful way to handle it, then it looks like the question is
"Which of TLS-Authz, TLS-EAP, (or potential other approaches) provides the
better framework for defining extensible authentication services within TLS?".

Peter.

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pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann) writes:

> Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
>
>>I think this document is somewhat useful; and given that there are others who
>>seem to share this view -- and basically nobody has claimed that the
>>technical solution is flawed or undesirable -- I think IESG should publish
>>this document. IMHO not publishing this as a form of punishment would be a
>>wrong thing to do.
>
> One potential problem with it is that we're seeing a pile of alternative-
> authentication-method proposals for TLS, and there may be better (more
> flexible or compatible-with-existing) ways of doing this.  In addition since
> there does seem to be a fair bit of interest in this, having a universal
> framework to handle it and then allowing individual mechanisms as profiles
> within the framework may be a better approach.
>
> At the moment we have two ways to do TLS-alternative-auth, either make it part
> of the TLS handshake (that is, modify the crypto portion of the TLS
> handshake), or add it as a TLS extension protocol.  The former approach is
> used by TLS-KRB5, TLS-PSK, and TLS-SRP.  The latter approach is used by (at
> least) TLS-Authz and TLS-EAP (and I think I may have seen one or two probably
> now-expired drafts float past in the past as well).
>
> If this is a useful way to handle it, then it looks like the question is
> "Which of TLS-Authz, TLS-EAP, (or potential other approaches) provides the
> better framework for defining extensible authentication services within TLS?".

Hold on!  Tls-authz isn't about authentication.  It is about
authorization.

Authorization is (or at least could be) orthogonal to authentication.  I
haven't seen many competing proposals to solve authorization in TLS,
although the technology is simple if you know about TLS and the
authorization concept.

Btw, one approach to support TLS-alternative-auth is to write profiles
of TLS-PSK for each alternative authentication mechanism.  The mechanism
has to be able to generate cryptographic keys, but I believe good
authentication mechanisms (should) have this property.  Then no changes
to TLS would be required.

/Simon

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>We are happily using SSL with client certs for 30k+ users with a number of
>different servers and we've been using it productively for 6 years now
>(started using it 1999).

The reason I made the comment about TLS client auth being an abject failure is
that every time anyone mentions the possibility of providing any other way of
authenticating clients and servers, it's practically guaranteed that someone
will pop out of the woodwork and state that we already have the perfect
solution to authentication in the form of client certs (see e.g. the comments
made during the TLS-PSK last call), and here's a special-case stovepipe
deployment with a captive audience as incontrovertible proof that client certs
are perfectly workable in the real world.  In the meantime we have a multi-
billion doller phishing industry as proof that if certificate-based
authentication is working then it's a very peculiar interpretation of the term
"working".

At the moment for 99.9% of users if they want to do authentication to Amazon,
to Hotmail, to Flickr, to almost anything out there (in other words the very
situation where client-cert-auth was supposed to be used) then the state-of-
the-art solution that TLS provides is to connect to the server and hand over a
static password in plaintext form (over the TLS channel), circa 1965.  The
ultimate indictment of TLS certificate-based auth has to be the fact that when
I want to authenticate myself for the NIST PKI Workshop (the premier PKI get-
together AFAIK), I have to use a static password.

Anyway, my point is that the No.1 threat (by a long shot) to TLS users today
is phishing, and it works because (as stated above) the best way that we have
of handling authentication is by handing over the password.  So we urgently
need to come up with some alternative (Authz, EAP, whatever) that at least
provides the tools to combat phishing.  I'm somewhat biased towards EAP
because it provides (at least in theory :-) a universal mechanism that would
allow companies to leverage their existing authentication infrastructure.

Peter.


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed May 30 11:15:24 2007
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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: tjw@CS.Stanford.EDU, ynir@checkpoint.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
In-Reply-To: <450640D7-87B3-48E0-BBDF-68A7F399A7F2@checkpoint.com>
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Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com> writes:

>I think SRP should not be a stand-alone extension, but rather that it should
>be introduced as part of EAP.
>
>The choice is between separate extensions for SRP and for each authentication
>method, or to introduce them all at once under EAP, as was done in IKEv2.

Is it possible to do this though?  Using the taxonomy I posted earlier, TLS-
SRP would seem to fall into the "modify the crypto portion of the TLS
handshake" bucket (alongside TLS-KRB5 and TLS-PSK), which means that you
couldn't really do it inside EAP.  Admittedly you could do a standard TLS
handshake and then follow it up with SRP inside EAP purely for the
authentication portion, but that seems (a) messy (see draft-iab-auth-mech-*)
and (b) a bit of a waste of SRP's capabilities, since it can do the whole key
exchange step as well.

Peter.


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed May 30 15:14:33 2007
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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Peter Gutmann wrote:
> 
> The reason I made the comment about TLS client auth being an abject failure
> is that every time anyone mentions the possibility of providing any other
> way of authenticating clients and servers, it's practically guaranteed
> that someone will pop out of the woodwork and state that we already have
> the perfect solution to authentication in the form of client certs

The main reason why I brought it up is because most the installed base
is able to cope with SSL clients certs.  But it did take a few years
to get there.  It is far from perfect, especially in mixed scenarios
for the cert-less users because, depending on the browser, they
might get constantly annoyed with a certificate selection popup.


I would not want to see additional password-based authentication schemes
to be promoted that require significant changes to then entire
infrastructure/middleware, because this will only add new problems,
and not really solve any of the existing problems.

The reason for people still using passwords are (a) legacy password-based
authentication systems and (b) the necessity to be able to walk up
to any network-connected PC and "login" from there by entering
a memorized password.  And the latter is often a phishing-enabling
requirement.


The operational costs of password-based authentication is likely much
lower than the use of strong cryptographic credentials, which require
either a hardware token (e.g. USB-key, smartcard) or a software
credential that is distributed through the network protected
by a traditional password, and which must be at least temporarily
persisted on the PC where it is being used.

Dealing with forgotten passwords is usually much easier for a
helpdesk/callcenter than dealing with a forgotten or lost or
defective hardware token, especially if when you're travelling.


OTP might be seen as one approach to thwart phishing attacks, but
it is also seen as a major inconvenience.   More and more often
you find Single Sign-On (SSO) and in addition to that, credentials
management tools (not just Browsers) aggressively try to persuade
users to memorize and auto-supply credentials (The credentials
manager on my new notebook was a serious nuisance and real security
problem, so I uninstalled it).

 
The problem with SSO is that it allows attackers to perform all sorts
of MITM attacks through active content, trojans and CSRF
(Cross-site request forgery).


The approach taken by online banking to limit the damage from such
attacks is to accept SSO only for reading information, not for
requesting transaction.  Here in Germany, most banks use an OTP-style
approach (TAN) for authenticating transactions.  I think this is
a fairly reasonable and usable compromise, but it requires careful
application design (clearly seperate more dangerous and less dangerous
actions and exclude the more dangerous actions from Single Sign-On)
and I don't currently see how the two different authentication
schemes (Single Sign-On and per-transaction authentication) should
both be provided by TLS without significant architectural changes
to the middleware (session management).


The other thing I feel uncomfortable with is the skewed threat model.
On the one hand there is the attitude that one cannot prevent the
credential from being stolen, so one tries to limit the damage that
can be done to the server (in a cover-your-ass fashion).  On the other
hand there is ignorance about the problem that an attacker that is
able to steal my credentials from my machine can probably just as
easily subvert my browser to perform the fraudulent transaction
itself and therefore bypassing all channel-bindings and
password-concealing efforts that are being proposed.

At the same time the victim Joe User will be in a much worse position
trying to repudiate a fraudulent transaction compared to the majority
of unsophisticated phishing attacks today.  Service providers will
like this because Joe User will have to cover most of the damages
and the attacker will like it because they're less like to get
caught.  As security engineers we can hardly claim tomorrow that
we could not anticipate such a shift in attack methods when tweaking
the technology to thwart the large amounts of low-tech phishing attacks
and cutting into the attackers ROI without adding real security.


If we think that passwords are fundamentally flawed in this
environment, we should not significantly prolong and promote
their continued use by applying band aids.

:-|

-Martin

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed May 30 18:32:44 2007
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Date: Wed, 30 May 2007 18:31:59 -0400
To: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>
From: Russ Housley <housley@vigilsec.com>
Subject: RE: [TLS] Re: Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
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I'm okay with increasing the size as long as others agree with your assessment.

The current version of tls-authz says:

       struct{
          AuthorizationDataEntry authz_data_list<1..2^16-1>;
       } AuthorizationData;

It is easy to change "2^16" to "2^24"

The current version also says:

       opaque X509AttrCert<1..2^16-1>;

       opaque SAMLAssertion<1..2^16-1>;

I have not heard anyone suggest that a single X.509 Attribute 
Certificate or a single SAML Assertion will exceed 64KB, but this 
could be increased as well if there is consensus to do so.

Russ

At 03:58 AM 5/30/2007, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
>Russ Housley wrote:
>
> > >- The size of authorization data, i.e., X.509 attribute
> > >  certs and SAML assertions, are limited to 64kb.  Is it certain
> > >  that we won't need more?
> >
> > I recall responding to this the first time around.  I said that
> > I could not imagine needing 64KB for X.509 Attribute Certificates,
> > but I do not have experience with SAML Assertions.  I know they
> > are bigger, but I do not have any way to gauge the likelihood
> > that 64KB will not be enough.
>
>One relatively simple SAML assertion example from the SAML specs
>is 3.5 KB. If it used 4096-bit RSA keys instead of 1024, and
>included holder-of-key SubjectConfirmation block, it would be
>maybe 6 KB. If it included more complex assertions or additional
>certificates, it could get over 10 KB.
>
>IMHO the safety margin is too small for "64K ought to be enough for
>everyone" :-)
>
>Best regards,
>Pasi


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Pasi:

<not wearing any hats either>

> > We have a request from the IESG re draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07.
> >
> > The IESG is considering publication of this document as a Proposed
> > Standard. The IESG has requested that the TLS WG provide input
> > (positive or negative) on this proposal. Please post comments to the
> > list before Monday June 11.
>
><not wearing any hats>
>
>Basically repeating the comments I made during the second IETF
>last call:
>
>- I think this document is somewhat useful; and given that there are
>others who seem to share this view -- and basically nobody has claimed
>that the technical solution is flawed or undesirable -- I think IESG
>should publish this document. IMHO not publishing this as a form of
>punishment would be a wrong thing to do.

I agree with this position.

>- IMHO the most appropriate status would be Experimental.

I would prefer standards track.

>- As was already pointed out by others, the IESG should use this
>opportunity (before we have deployments) to change the length fields
>from 16 bits to 24 bits (the rest of TLS already uses 24-bit length
>fields for certificates).

We are discussing this, and if this is the consensus, I'm pleased to 
use a 24-bit length.

Russ


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>>>>> "Dean" == Dean Anderson <dean@av8.com> writes:

    Dean> I believe the IETF announced that it would be sending this
    Dean> draft back to the 'starting gate'.  To me, that means that
    Dean> TLS has to do several things:

Dean, Eric has corrected your statements about where this draft is in
the process.  However I do want to respond to a couple of your
comments.

    Dean> 1) Consider non-patented alternatives in accordance with
    Dean> RFC2418 and RFC3979.

Dean, this is an excellent idea.
Anyone who wants to including you can discuss alternatives to the technology.
The availability of other ways to do this--particularly when combined with information about whether people are willing to do the necessary work to write up and implement these alternatives--would be great input to the IESG.
I'd appreciate anything you can do in this regard.

As an example, if all the implementers say that they prefer this
solution to alternatives they have considered, and would implement
this solution but not those alternatives, that would be a strong
argument in favor of publication.  If on the other hand people say
that they would write up an alternative and that they would implement
the alternative, that would argue against publication.


What you may be assuming is that we have an obligation to conduct such
a review or that we need to block our work until such a review is
done.  We do have an obligation to consider any alternatives that are
brought forward.  We do have an obligation to solicit comments so
people know they can bring forward alternatives.  But if no one
actually brings forward an alternative we don't have to sit around
waiting.

so if you want to propose an alternative, you should do so.  If you
know others who want to propose an alternative you should encourage
them.




    Dean> 2) Obtain a thorough review and consensus per RFC2026 and
    Dean> RFC2418.

RFC 2418 does not directly apply because this is not a WG document.
However you are completely correct that we need to obtain a consensus.

That's why we are soliciting comments.  The ietf list discussion was
in the minds of some inconclusive.  We're soliciting review here in
hopes that the discussion will lead to a clear consensus.

    Dean> 3) Pass a working group last-call, per RFC2026 and RFC2418.

Not applicable because this is not a WG document.

Thanks for your valuable input.

Sam Hartman
Security Area Director


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From: Dean Anderson <dean@av8.com>
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To: Mark Brown <mark@redphonesecurity.com>
Subject: RE: [TLS] Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
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On Tue, 29 May 2007, Mark Brown wrote:

> A few points I think are relevant:
> 
> 1) The RedPhone Security (RPS) patent application and its General Use
> License (GUL) protect a *new* method of verifying authorizations.

Please clarify this "GUL". The last proposal you presented on the IETF
list was not a license at all, but instructions on how to request a
license which was to be given for free upon request.  As was noted at
the time, this offer is not a license. As was also noted at the time,
this offer of a free license on request can end at any time.  Your offer
is no different from the free offers on a box of cereal----when the
gizmos run out, the offer is no longer valid, no matter how box tops you
have.  There is nothing that compels RedPhone Security to issue a
license.  There is nothing that prevents RedPhone Security from changing
the terms in the future; after the standard is well entrenched, widely
implemented and used in many products.  There is nothing to compels
successors of RedPhone Security to continue to offer free licenses. 21
years is a long time, in 184 WIPO countries.

If you have changed the terms since last discussed, it would be helpful
to post the new terms.

If you have not changed these terms, then it seems inappropriate to
describe this offer as a licence, since no license is obtained until
__after__ RedPhoneSecurity issues a license in response to a request.  

As I said, 21 years is a long time, and you've already deceived the IETF
at least __7__ times on this issue. I count each time you submitted a
draft that asserted to have no undisclosed patents. There are probably
more times if we count the IESG discussion approving the draft; but
there are at least 7.


> 2) If it's been published or in use prior to RPS's patent filing, then *any*
> such method of verifying authorizations is "prior art", and can be used with
> tls-authz under the GUL.  There are a lot of prior specs in this area...
> And of course you're free to invent new verification methods, etc.  Only one
> method is reserved by RPS under the GUL.

This is true of any patent, but it is always expensive to litigate.  My
view (as you already know) is that your patent is entirely covered by
prior art, is not novel, and therefore should not be issued by the PTO.  
The PTO issues many such patents, however, despite efforts to identify
prior art and obvious claims.

> 3) tls-authz doesn't specify any method for verifying authorizations  
> 
> The GUL provides a way to be sure that RPS won't raise any claims of
> infringement against you (except obviously the PAS functions).  

This is FUD.  Obviously, a licensed use can't be objected to as an
infringement;  the use is ___licensed___.  But why the hurry? 

Some background: 

A frequently cited drawback to the patent law of most countries is that
the patent is valid as of the filing date (January 2005 if I recall).  
Unlicensed use of authz-extns between 1/2005 and now is infringement, if
the patent issues.  While RPS __can__ assert a patent infringement claim
for this period, usually halting use is sufficient for most attorney's
to agree not to press the issue.  But there are also criminal penalties
for intentional infringement; these usually only come into play when you
willfully ignore the law and the patent.  You can't bury your head in
the sand and just use authz-extns.  Anyone using authz-extns should stop
immediately or get a license from RPS. But maybe the license isn't a
'good thing'.

Another problem with the GUL is that you must agree to not implement PAS
functions.  Why is this bad? Why the FUD to scare people into licensing
quickly?  Here's why:

Even if you later stop using authz-extns (say because we design a
non-patented alternative), this agreement may still be valid, and it may
be difficult to get out of it---And then you won't be able to implement
PAS functions (well, not without paying RPS or its successors).  So,
executing the agreement may worse even than the patent.  So, it is
probably better to stop using the patented protocol immediately, and pay
cash damages _if_ RPS presses for reparation for the (short) unlicensed
use.

What to do?

It can't be ignored that a patent may issue on the authz-extns draft.  
Implementers who have already implemented authz-extns should remove the
implementation from distribution immediately.  They now have notice of
possible infringement. They should even remove old versions containing
implmentations, and they should notify their users of the likely
infringement and inform their users they should stop using the (likely)  
patented code. You should look closely at the PAS functions and the
license agreement and think about at least the next 21 years, and
possibly forever, before you sign the agreement.

Don't forget to tell the IESG that you don't want this protocol
standardized.


> Since nobody knows precisely which RPS patent claims will issue,
> executing a GUL may help to alleviate concerns right now.  The
> RedPhone Security GUL amounts to a way to guarantee for yourself that
> Sending any "prior art" SAML / AC assertions over TLS will be
> royalty-free.  On the whole it's your choice to use the GUL or not.

Using prior art to create an alternative to authz-extns ensures that no
patents will issue that encumber the standard.  I favor a new draft,
based entirely on prior art.

		--Dean


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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: housley@vigilsec.com, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com
Subject: RE: [TLS] Re: Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
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Russ Housley <housley@vigilsec.com> writes:

>I have not heard anyone suggest that a single X.509 Attribute Certificate or
>a single SAML Assertion will exceed 64KB, but this could be increased as well
>if there is consensus to do so.

There's the MPEG-of-cat certificate on my home page which is ~1MB, but I don't
expect that to be used much :-).

Peter.


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