
From paul.hoffman@vpnc.org  Tue Apr  3 16:21:27 2012
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Subject: [TLS] Definition of SSL proxies
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In his review of the TLSA protocol, Stephen Farrell asked: "Do we have a =
reference for SSL proxies that's not just a product data sheet? Be nice =
to add if it exists. (I doubt it'll be an RFC, but I'd bet there's a =
paper to be found on the topic.)"

I don't know of one; if someone here does, that would be grand.

--Paul Hoffman


From bhill@paypal-inc.com  Tue Apr  3 16:47:53 2012
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From: "Hill, Brad" <bhill@paypal-inc.com>
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] Definition of SSL proxies
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Definition of SSL proxies
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> Stephen Farrell asked: "Do we have a
> reference for SSL proxies that's not just a product data sheet? Be nice t=
o add
> if it exists. (I doubt it'll be an RFC, but I'd bet there's a paper to be=
 found on
> the topic.)"
>=20
> I don't know of one; if someone here does, that would be grand.
>=20
> --Paul Hoffman
>=20

The below, by Jeff Jarmoc at Dell SecureWorks, is the best summary of the l=
andscape I've seen:

http://www.secureworks.com/research/threats/transitive-trust/

-Brad Hill

From paul.hoffman@vpnc.org  Wed Apr  4 07:46:26 2012
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Subject: [TLS] Client certificate authentication and draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey
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Greetings again. I am unclear how draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey deals with =
SPKIs for client authentication. If the client wants to signal that it =
is going to use SPKIs for both client and server authentication, does it =
include the extension twice with a different value for =
ClientOrServerExtension? Or something else?

Examples in the doc might be helpful here.

--Paul Hoffman=

From paul@nohats.ca  Thu Apr  5 08:30:47 2012
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From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Client certificate authentication and draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey
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On Wed, 4 Apr 2012, Paul Hoffman wrote:

> Greetings again. I am unclear how draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey deals with SPKIs for client authentication. If the client wants to signal that it is going to use SPKIs for both client and server authentication, does it include the extension twice with a different value for ClientOrServerExtension? Or something else?
>
> Examples in the doc might be helpful here.

In an earlier draft, I addressed that with the client equivalent of SNI.
That identifier could then be used by the TLS server for an out-of-band
check on the client identity (eg via DNSSEC records or otherwise)

But the working group thought that was better left out here and addressed
seperately, as this draft moved from new TLS extensions to a new
cert_type.

I'm happy to write this up as a TLS extension draft, if the working
group thinks that would be a way to discuss this further.

Paul

From paul.hoffman@vpnc.org  Thu Apr  5 08:41:39 2012
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On Apr 5, 2012, at 8:30 AM, Paul Wouters wrote:

> On Wed, 4 Apr 2012, Paul Hoffman wrote:
>=20
>> Greetings again. I am unclear how draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey deals =
with SPKIs for client authentication. If the client wants to signal that =
it is going to use SPKIs for both client and server authentication, does =
it include the extension twice with a different value for =
ClientOrServerExtension? Or something else?
>>=20
>> Examples in the doc might be helpful here.
>=20
> In an earlier draft, I addressed that with the client equivalent of =
SNI.
> That identifier could then be used by the TLS server for an =
out-of-band
> check on the client identity (eg via DNSSEC records or otherwise)
>=20
> But the working group thought that was better left out here and =
addressed
> seperately, as this draft moved from new TLS extensions to a new
> cert_type.
>=20
> I'm happy to write this up as a TLS extension draft, if the working
> group thinks that would be a way to discuss this further.


I think you misunderstand my question. If the client includes the =
*current* cert_type extension from RFC 6091 with a type of RawPublicKey, =
what does that mean exactly? RFC 6091 has section 3.5 that says that if =
the client gives a cert, it must be the same type that was given in the =
extension; your draft is silent on this. I think you need to say either =
"cert_type is for the server cert only, which is different than RFC =
6091" or "cert_type applies to both server and client certs, just like =
RFC 6091".

--Paul Hoffman


From turners@ieca.com  Mon Apr  9 14:37:13 2012
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<no hat>

Yngve,

Here are some comments on the draft (hopefully this will encourage 
others to also read it):

1. The Abstract contains the following:

  This document introduces a replacement of the TLS Certificate Status
  Extension to allow clients to specify and support multiple
  certificate status methods.

I know somebody will get to the word "replacement" and start asking 
whether this draft should update 6066.  I don't think that's the intent 
you're just defining a new extension so it should just say that:

  This document defines the TLS Certificate Status Version 2
  Extension to allow clients to specify and support multiple
  certificate status methods.

2. Abstract: Expand OCSP and TLS.

3. Abstract: r/Also being introduced/Also defined

4. The RFC editor will move the "requirements language" paragraph to the 
main body so you might as well do it now.  Move it to s1.1.

5. The copy right notice section contains the pre-5378 paragraph, but 
the draft first appeared after 5378 was published.  Is there some bits 
in here that are copied from 5246 or somewhere else?  If not, then you 
can delete that para.

6. s1: r/Transport Layer Security/Transport Layer Security (TLS)

7. s1: I don't think you need to try to slip in the comparison to other 
methods.  I think it's implied.

OLD:

  The benefits of this extension include a reduced number
  of roundtrips and network delays for the client to verify the status
  of the server's certificate using other retrieval methods and a
  reduced load on the certificate issuer's status response servers,
  thus solving a problem that can become significant when the issued
  certificate is presented by a frequently visited server.

NEW:

  The benefits of this extension include a reduced number
  of roundtrips and network delays for the client to verify the status
  of the server's certificate and a
  reduced load on the certificate issuer's status response servers,
  thus solving a problem that can become significant when the issued
  certificate is presented by a frequently visited server.

8. s1: wordy ;)

OLD:

  There are two problems with the existing Certificate Status extension
  as it is currently defined.

NEW:

  There are two problems with the existing Certificate Status extension.

9. s1: Just some tweaking (two whichs read a little odd):

OLD:

  First, it does not provide functionality
  to request the status information about intermediate CA certificates,
  which means the client has to request this through other retrieval
  methods, such as CRLs, which can cause significant delays when the
  revocation list has to be refreshed.

NEW:

  First, it does not provide functionality
  to request the status information about intermediate Certification
  Authority (CA) certificates,
  which means the client has to request status information through other
  methods, such as CRLs, thus adding additional delay.

10. s1: r/Certificate Authorities/Certification Authorities X2

11. s1: r/Point[RFC5280]/Point [RFC5280]

12. s1: In the following I think the point is just for client-cached 
CRLS because most that responders I know about are fed by a CRL.

OLD:

  Given
  that CRLs, particularly those cached by the client, are frequently
  less up to date than is possible for an OCSP responder, using OCSP to
  access up-to-date status information about intermediate CA
  certificates will be of great benefit to clients.

NEW:

  Given
  that client-cached CRLs are frequently out of date, using OCSP to
  access up-to-date status information about intermediate CA
  certificates will be of great benefit to clients.

13. s1: I guess I'd tweak the following a bit:

OLD:

  The author is aware that the cost of providing this bandwidth
  just for site certificates has been a concern to some CAs,
  particularly the smaller ones, and it follows naturally that doubling
  or tripling this cost could be problematic for the CAs.  The author
  is also aware of at least one case when OCSP requests for a single
  high-traffic site caused significant network problems for the issuing
  CA.

NEW:

  CAs should be aware that there is a cost associated with providing
  bandwidth to support OCSP.  There are cases where OCSP requests for a
  single
  high-traffic site caused significant network problems for the issuing
  CA.

14. s1: r/multiple, OCSP mode/multiple-OCSP method

15. s2.1: r/The extension added by this/The extension defined by this

16.: s2.1: Just trying to avoid the questions about whether this draft 
updates 6066: r/which is updated with this value/which uses the 
following value

17. s2.2: So OCSP is definitely used a lot more than SCVP, but it is the 
other status protocol.  Should we just add it now?

18. s2.2: Need a normative reference for DER.  Use the x680/x690 
references from 5246.

19. s2.2: The nonce extension encoding is being fixed.  I sure hope 
it'll get done sooner rather than later.  Note that the bis draft does 
define the encoding as an OCTET STRING so it's aligned.

20. Hmmm should this draft reference draft-ietf-pkix-rfc2560bis instead 
of RFC 2560?

21. s2.2: r/[RFC2560]) ./[RFC2560]).

22. s2.2: r/that is,/That is,

23. s.2.2: Why the MUST NOT here:

  The list MAY
  contain fewer OCSP responses than there were certificates in the
  Certificate handshake message, but there MUST NOT be more responses
  than there were certificates in the list

spt

</no hat>

On 3/6/12 8:01 AM, Yngve N. Pettersen (Developer Opera Software ASA) wrote:
>
> FYI
>
> <http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp-03.txt>
>
> ------- Forwarded message -------
> From: internet-drafts@ietf.org
> To: yngve@opera.com
> Cc:
> Subject: New Version Notification for
> draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp-03.txt
> Date: Tue, 06 Mar 2012 13:49:50 +0100
>
> A new version of I-D, draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp-03.txt has
> been successfully submitted by Yngve N. Pettersen and posted to the IETF
> repository.
>
> Filename: draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp
> Revision: 03
> Title: Adding Multiple TLS Certificate Status Extension requests
> Creation date: 2012-03-06
> WG ID: Individual Submission
> Number of pages: 9
>
> Abstract:
> This document introduces a replacement of the TLS Certificate Status
> Extension to allow clients to specify and support multiple
> certificate status methods. Also being introduced is a new OCSP-
> based method that servers can use to provide status information not
> just about the server&#39;s own certificate, but also the status of
> intermediate certificates in the chain.
>
>
>
>
>
> The IETF Secretariat
>
>

From paul@nohats.ca  Tue Apr 10 07:12:24 2012
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From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Client certificate authentication and draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey
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On Thu, 5 Apr 2012, Paul Hoffman wrote:

> I think you misunderstand my question. If the client includes the *current* cert_type extension from RFC 6091 with a type of RawPublicKey, what does that mean exactly? RFC 6091 has section 3.5 that says that if the client gives a cert, it must be the same type that was given in the extension; your draft is silent on this. I think you need to say either "cert_type is for the server cert only, which is different than RFC 6091" or "cert_type applies to both server and client certs, just like RFC 6091".

When the TLS client contacts the server, it has some idea of who it is
contacting for the out of band authentication of the received raw public
key. The server has no such idea when it is contact out of the wild, and
if it just receives a SPKI without any identifier, then it cannot really
know what to do.

This is why I suggested the TLS extension equivalent for SNI for the
client.

So to answer your question, I don't think the current method specified
facilitates a server to identify a client by a cert of type SPKI, so it
makes no sense currently for the client to send such a cert_type. The
client will either have to send a full cert or reject the connection,
until we have a proper TLS extension to convey our identity to the server
so it can do an out-of-band check on a client cert of type SPKI.

Ideally, I would like to avoid this draft from dictating anything, so a
possible new draft for such a "client SNI" type TLS extension would not
have to update this document.

But as there is no way currently for the TLS client to convey its own
cert_type is different than then cert_type it requested of the server, I
guess we should stick with using the same cert_type symantics as in 6091.

That would mean that without a new TLS extension, that TLS servers sending
a certificate_request in response to receiveing a cert_type="RawPublicKey"
is likely to end in a failed TLS connection, because the server cannot
authenticate the client based on the received certificate of type RawPublicKey.

If people agree with this approach, I will add such clarifying text to
the draft.

Paul

From paul.hoffman@vpnc.org  Tue Apr 10 07:45:43 2012
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To: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Client certificate authentication and draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey
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On Apr 10, 2012, at 7:12 AM, Paul Wouters wrote:

> On Thu, 5 Apr 2012, Paul Hoffman wrote:
>=20
>> I think you misunderstand my question. If the client includes the =
*current* cert_type extension from RFC 6091 with a type of RawPublicKey, =
what does that mean exactly? RFC 6091 has section 3.5 that says that if =
the client gives a cert, it must be the same type that was given in the =
extension; your draft is silent on this. I think you need to say either =
"cert_type is for the server cert only, which is different than RFC =
6091" or "cert_type applies to both server and client certs, just like =
RFC 6091".
>=20
> When the TLS client contacts the server, it has some idea of who it is
> contacting for the out of band authentication of the received raw =
public
> key. The server has no such idea when it is contact out of the wild, =
and
> if it just receives a SPKI without any identifier, then it cannot =
really
> know what to do.

Sure it can. The same way that the client would have an internal list of =
DNS-to-SPKI associations, the server could have an internal list of =
ID-to-SPKI associations.

> This is why I suggested the TLS extension equivalent for SNI for the
> client.

Where is this suggested?

> So to answer your question, I don't think the current method specified
> facilitates a server to identify a client by a cert of type SPKI, so =
it
> makes no sense currently for the client to send such a cert_type. The
> client will either have to send a full cert or reject the connection,
> until we have a proper TLS extension to convey our identity to the =
server
> so it can do an out-of-band check on a client cert of type SPKI.

If that is what you believe, it needs to be stated explicitly in the =
draft. I'll disagree with it, and let the WG choose.

> Ideally, I would like to avoid this draft from dictating anything, so =
a
> possible new draft for such a "client SNI" type TLS extension would =
not
> have to update this document.

True, but the current draft needs to say how it implements the RFC 6091 =
semantics. Leaving it silent will lead to misunderstanding.

> But as there is no way currently for the TLS client to convey its own
> cert_type is different than then cert_type it requested of the server, =
I
> guess we should stick with using the same cert_type symantics as in =
6091.

Why, yes, you should. :-)

> That would mean that without a new TLS extension, that TLS servers =
sending
> a certificate_request in response to receiveing a =
cert_type=3D"RawPublicKey"
> is likely to end in a failed TLS connection, because the server cannot
> authenticate the client based on the received certificate of type =
RawPublicKey.

As above, I don't see why that is the case. A server can get client =
names and SPKIs out of band just as a client can.

> If people agree with this approach, I will add such clarifying text to
> the draft.


Please add clarifying text regardless, and then we can discuss if we =
agree with it.

--Paul Hoffman


From paul@nohats.ca  Tue Apr 10 09:09:30 2012
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On Tue, 10 Apr 2012, Paul Hoffman wrote:

>> When the TLS client contacts the server, it has some idea of who it is
>> contacting for the out of band authentication of the received raw public
>> key. The server has no such idea when it is contact out of the wild, and
>> if it just receives a SPKI without any identifier, then it cannot really
>> know what to do.
>
> Sure it can. The same way that the client would have an internal list of DNS-to-SPKI associations, the server could have an internal list of ID-to-SPKI associations.

True. It wouldn't be the best system, but you are right.

>> This is why I suggested the TLS extension equivalent for SNI for the
>> client.
>
> Where is this suggested?

Oops. I checked draft-wouters-tls-oob-pubkey-00 and it was already
removed there after discussion with EKR in Quebec City.


> True, but the current draft needs to say how it implements the RFC 6091 semantics. Leaving it silent will lead to misunderstanding.
>
>> But as there is no way currently for the TLS client to convey its own
>> cert_type is different than then cert_type it requested of the server, I
>> guess we should stick with using the same cert_type symantics as in 6091.
>
> Why, yes, you should. :-)
>
>> That would mean that without a new TLS extension, that TLS servers sending
>> a certificate_request in response to receiveing a cert_type="RawPublicKey"
>> is likely to end in a failed TLS connection, because the server cannot
>> authenticate the client based on the received certificate of type RawPublicKey.
>
> As above, I don't see why that is the case. A server can get client names and SPKIs out of band just as a client can.

Yes, it can, but not "as a client can", because the client knows which
identity it is going to contact, while the server does not know which
identity it is contacted by.

> Please add clarifying text regardless, and then we can discuss if we agree with it.

Will do.

Paul

From paul.hoffman@vpnc.org  Tue Apr 10 09:25:23 2012
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To: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Client certificate authentication and draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey
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On Apr 10, 2012, at 9:09 AM, Paul Wouters wrote:

> On Tue, 10 Apr 2012, Paul Hoffman wrote:
>=20
>>> When the TLS client contacts the server, it has some idea of who it =
is
>>> contacting for the out of band authentication of the received raw =
public
>>> key. The server has no such idea when it is contact out of the wild, =
and
>>> if it just receives a SPKI without any identifier, then it cannot =
really
>>> know what to do.
>>=20
>> Sure it can. The same way that the client would have an internal list =
of DNS-to-SPKI associations, the server could have an internal list of =
ID-to-SPKI associations.
>=20
> True. It wouldn't be the best system, but you are right.

Many people contend that clients having OOB key associations for servers =
is not "the best system" either. I contend they are equivalent.

> Yes, it can, but not "as a client can", because the client knows which
> identity it is going to contact, while the server does not know which
> identity it is contacted by.

Errr, this is true for all client authentication; there is no difference =
here.

--Paul Hoffman


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Subject: Re: [TLS] Client certificate authentication and draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey
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On 04/10/2012 12:09 PM, Paul Wouters wrote:
> Yes, it can, but not "as a client can", because the client knows which
> identity it is going to contact, while the server does not know which
> identity it is contacted by.

If a server maintains (for example) a local keyring with identities
bound to keys, with a reasonable index on the keys, it should be able to
derive the identity from the raw public key directly.

is there some scenario where this scheme falls apart?

	--dkg


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From paul@nohats.ca  Tue Apr 10 11:07:13 2012
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Cc: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Client certificate authentication and draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey
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On Tue, 10 Apr 2012, Daniel Kahn Gillmor wrote:

> If a server maintains (for example) a local keyring with identities
> bound to keys, with a reasonable index on the keys, it should be able to
> derive the identity from the raw public key directly.
>
> is there some scenario where this scheme falls apart?

Yes, Opportunistic Encryption. This is where the server accepts crypto
from any client that can authenticate, but for that it needs to have some
handle on the identity to perform work, such as a FQDN it can look up
in DNS(SEC) to get the public key authenticated

Paul

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On Tue, 10 Apr 2012, Paul Hoffman wrote:

>> True. It wouldn't be the best system, but you are right.
>
> Many people contend that clients having OOB key associations for servers is not "the best system" either. I contend they are equivalent.

As I said in another post, it prevents opportunistic encryptio.

>> Yes, it can, but not "as a client can", because the client knows which
>> identity it is going to contact, while the server does not know which
>> identity it is contacted by.
>
> Errr, this is true for all client authentication; there is no difference here.

But in other cases, the client can convey a handle leading to
authentication that can suggest a method of out of band lookup.
A raw public key tells the server nothing. Can it ask DNS? If so where?
Can it ask a CA? If so which?

A client name identification mechanism conveys not only a (to be
authenticated) name, but can also embed a suggestion for the
out of band method for the server to use.

Again, compare it to IPsec OE where the FQDN is used to lookup the
public IPSECKEY in DNS.

Paul

From dkg@fifthhorseman.net  Tue Apr 10 11:23:54 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Client certificate authentication and draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey
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On 04/10/2012 02:07 PM, Paul Wouters wrote:
> On Tue, 10 Apr 2012, Daniel Kahn Gillmor wrote:
>=20
>> If a server maintains (for example) a local keyring with identities
>> bound to keys, with a reasonable index on the keys, it should be able =
to
>> derive the identity from the raw public key directly.
>>
>> is there some scenario where this scheme falls apart?
>=20
> Yes, Opportunistic Encryption. This is where the server accepts crypto
> from any client that can authenticate, but for that it needs to have so=
me
> handle on the identity to perform work, such as a FQDN it can look up
> in DNS(SEC) to get the public key authenticated

In the opportunistic encryption case, the server must be willing to
accept any key as a client identifier, right?  In that case, the
application running within the TLS session could add the new key to the
data store and associate it with some internal account identifier.  No
DNS lookup needed, and you end up with the server-side equivalent of
TOFU (trust-on-first-use).

As you say, it might not be ideal, but it's not unreasonable.

	--dkg


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From frantz@pwpconsult.com  Tue Apr 10 14:08:07 2012
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Date: Tue, 10 Apr 2012 14:07:59 -0700
From: Bill Frantz <frantz@pwpconsult.com>
To: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
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On 4/10/12 at 7:12, paul@nohats.ca (Paul Wouters) wrote:

>So to answer your question, I don't think the current method specified
>facilitates a server to identify a client by a cert of type SPKI, so it
>makes no sense currently for the client to send such a cert_type. The
>client will either have to send a full cert or reject the connection,
>until we have a proper TLS extension to convey our identity to the server
>so it can do an out-of-band check on a client cert of type SPKI.

SPKI certs are designed to allow authorization without=20
identification, like car keys and house keys. If the server is=20
using them in this way, there is no need to identify the client,=20
since possession of the private key associated with the cert is=20
enough to show authorization.

What the server should really be interested in is whether the=20
requested action is authorized[1]. If it only has client=20
identification, then it must go through a separate authorization=20
step. Using identification instead of authorization is the path=20
which allows confused deputies[2].

Cheers - Bill

[1] For example, see From ABAC to ZBAC: The Evolution of Access=20
Control Models By Alan H. Karp, Harry Haury, and Michael H.=20
Davis =E2=80=93 ISSA member, San Diego, USA Chapter in <https://www.issa.or=
g/Library/Journals/2010/April/ISSA%20Journal%20April%202010.pdf>.

[2] N. Hardy, =E2=80=9CThe Confused Deputy: (or why capabilities might=20
have been invented),=E2=80=9D ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review,=20
vol. 22, #4 (1988).

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bill Frantz        |"Web security is like medicine - trying to=20
do good for
408-356-8506       |an evolved body of kludges" - Mark Miller
www.pwpconsult.com |


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On Tue, Apr 10, 2012 at 2:07 PM, Bill Frantz <frantz@pwpconsult.com> wrote:
> On 4/10/12 at 7:12, paul@nohats.ca (Paul Wouters) wrote:
>
>> So to answer your question, I don't think the current method specified
>> facilitates a server to identify a client by a cert of type SPKI, so it
>> makes no sense currently for the client to send such a cert_type. The
>> client will either have to send a full cert or reject the connection,
>> until we have a proper TLS extension to convey our identity to the serve=
r
>> so it can do an out-of-band check on a client cert of type SPKI.
>
>
> SPKI certs are designed to allow authorization without identification, li=
ke
> car keys and house keys. If the server is using them in this way, there i=
s
> no need to identify the client, since possession of the private key
> associated with the cert is enough to show authorization.
>
> What the server should really be interested in is whether the requested
> action is authorized[1]. If it only has client identification, then it mu=
st
> go through a separate authorization step. Using identification instead of
> authorization is the path which allows confused deputies[2].

In this case SPKI means "subject public key info", rather than RFC2693.

-Ekr


> Cheers - Bill
>
> [1] For example, see From ABAC to ZBAC: The Evolution of Access Control
> Models By Alan H. Karp, Harry Haury, and Michael H. Davis =96 ISSA member=
, San
> Diego, USA Chapter in
> <https://www.issa.org/Library/Journals/2010/April/ISSA%20Journal%20April%=
202010.pdf>.
>
> [2] N. Hardy, =93The Confused Deputy: (or why capabilities might have bee=
n
> invented),=94 ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, vol. 22, #4 (1988).
>
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------=
--
> Bill Frantz =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0|"Web security is like medicine - trying to do=
 good for
> 408-356-8506 =A0 =A0 =A0 |an evolved body of kludges" - Mark Miller
> www.pwpconsult.com |
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls

From mrex@sap.com  Tue Apr 10 14:53:38 2012
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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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To: dkg@fifthhorseman.net (Daniel Kahn Gillmor)
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Daniel Kahn Gillmor wrote:
> 
> Paul Wouters wrote:
> >
> > Yes, it can, but not "as a client can", because the client knows which
> > identity it is going to contact, while the server does not know which
> > identity it is contacted by.
> 
> If a server maintains (for example) a local keyring with identities
> bound to keys, with a reasonable index on the keys, it should be able to
> derive the identity from the raw public key directly.
> 
> is there some scenario where this scheme falls apart?

Nope -- this is actually a pretty reasonable and common usage.

If you've ever used SSH with public key authentication, it is based
_purely_ on the public key.  The "name" that appears behind the key
in your authorized_keys file is just to facilitate for human beings
to tell the keys apart, SSHD itself does *not* care about the name
behind the key! (you can change the name in authorized_keys to differ
from what the ssh client has in his id_rsa.pub file and
authentication will continue to succeed -- as long as the public
key matches.

-Martin

From yngve@opera.com  Wed Apr 11 07:20:26 2012
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Hello Sean,

Thanks for these comments.

Adopted most. Comments inline on the rest

On Mon, 09 Apr 2012 23:37:09 +0200, Sean Turner <turners@ieca.com> wrote:

> <no hat>
>
> Yngve,
>
> Here are some comments on the draft (hopefully this will encourage  
> others to also read it):
<snip>
> 4. The RFC editor will move the "requirements language" paragraph to the  
> main body so you might as well do it now.  Move it to s1.1.

The placement of that section is the default used by the xml2rfc template  
implemented by the XMLmind extension, as part of the "front matter"  
section of the file. This means that the initial location is determined by  
the template, and is that way for everyone using that template.

non-WG: It might be that the xml2rfc extension developers and the RFC  
Editor should coordinate?  Since the "empty" template already adds several  
sections, such as the Introduction and IANA sections, moving the note into  
the introduction section of the template might solve the issue.

At present I'll leave it where it is.

> 5. The copy right notice section contains the pre-5378 paragraph, but  
> the draft first appeared after 5378 was published.  Is there some bits  
> in here that are copied from 5246 or somewhere else?  If not, then you  
> can delete that para.

The text is based on the relevant RFC 6066 text (taken from the draft),  
but that RFC is again based on RFC 4366, with only a few differences in  
that section. RFC 6066 also contain the same pre-5378 licensing language,  
so I therefore think it is necessary to include it, unless I am told  
otherwise by those better versed in the licensing rules.

<snip>
> 13. s1: I guess I'd tweak the following a bit:
>
> OLD:
>
>   The author is aware that the cost of providing this bandwidth
>   just for site certificates has been a concern to some CAs,
>   particularly the smaller ones, and it follows naturally that doubling
>   or tripling this cost could be problematic for the CAs.  The author
>   is also aware of at least one case when OCSP requests for a single
>   high-traffic site caused significant network problems for the issuing
>   CA.
>
> NEW:
>
>   CAs should be aware that there is a cost associated with providing
>   bandwidth to support OCSP.  There are cases where OCSP requests for a
>   single
>   high-traffic site caused significant network problems for the issuing
>   CA.

My intention here was to make it clear who the source is.

In talks with CAs the bandwidth cost have been a concern for several CAs,  
particularly the smaller ones.

I forgot to mention this during my presentation to the WG, but recent  
numbers from CAs indicate that about 30% of the OCSP traffic is for  
intermediate CA cert status requests. There are currently two clients  
AFAIK, FF and Chrome, that request OCSP for intermediates. Those two make  
up about 40% of the browser market, so there is at least some caching  
benefit.

I changed the text from


    The benefit to the
    issuing CA is less clear, as providing the bandwidth for the OCSP
    responder can be costly, especially for CAs with many subscriber
    sites.  The author is aware that the cost of providing this bandwidth
    just for site certificates has been a concern to some CAs,
    particularly the smaller ones, and it follows naturally that doubling
    or tripling this cost could be problematic for the CAs.  The author
    is also aware of at least one case when OCSP requests for a single
    high-traffic site caused significant network problems for the issuing
    CA.

to

   The benefit to the issuing CA is less clear, as providing the bandwidth
   for the OCSP responder can be costly, especially for CAs with many high
   traffic subscriber sites, and this cost is a concern for many CAs. There
   are cases where OCSP requests for a single high-traffic site caused
   significant network problems for the issuing CA.

How does that look?

<snip>
> 17. s2.2: So OCSP is definitely used a lot more than SCVP, but it is the  
> other status protocol.  Should we just add it now?

Could be; I am, however, unfamiliar with SCVP, but if the WG wants it  
added, and I am provided additional text as a starting point, then I can  
include it. Adding SCVP will probably require some editorial  
reorganization of section 2, splitting it into an overall format, an OCSP,  
and a SVCP subsection.

> 18. s2.2: Need a normative reference for DER.  Use the x680/x690  
> references from 5246.

Added. The "misc" citation entry had rather long names, though:  
CCITT.X680.2002

> 19. s2.2: The nonce extension encoding is being fixed.  I sure hope  
> it'll get done sooner rather than later.  Note that the bis draft does  
> define the encoding as an OCTET STRING so it's aligned.

Given performance issues, as a nonce require signing of each response,  
most responders do not AFAIK enable support for nonces, and while Opera  
supported it at one time, we have since removed it. In relation to  
stapling using nonces would almost certainly remove most of the  
performance benefit.

> 20. Hmmm should this draft reference draft-ietf-pkix-rfc2560bis instead  
> of RFC 2560?

Depends on which get finished first. At present I think we should keep  
them separate, just to be on the safe side. If 2560bis is completed first  
we can update the reference then.

> 21. s2.2: r/[RFC2560]) ./[RFC2560]).
>
> 22. s2.2: r/that is,/That is,
>
> 23. s.2.2: Why the MUST NOT here:
>
>   The list MAY
>   contain fewer OCSP responses than there were certificates in the
>   Certificate handshake message, but there MUST NOT be more responses
>   than there were certificates in the list

Strictly speaking it does not need to be MUST NOT, but I suspect that in  
such a case there would be something wrong about the server configuration.

AT the very least, the document should define handling of such a case

It could be changed to a requirement that the response must only be used  
to check the corresponding certificate list element, and ignore responses  
that does not have a corresponding certificate in the list. Requiring the  
sequence of the lists to match means that if certificate lists that are  
non-compliant, containing extra or unordered certificates, the client does  
not have to try to match responses to certificates (an n^2 operation).

Thoughts?

> spt
>
> </no hat>
>
> On 3/6/12 8:01 AM, Yngve N. Pettersen (Developer Opera Software ASA)  
> wrote:
>>
>> FYI
>>
>> <http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp-03.txt>
>>
>> ------- Forwarded message -------
>> From: internet-drafts@ietf.org
>> To: yngve@opera.com
>> Cc:
>> Subject: New Version Notification for
>> draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp-03.txt
>> Date: Tue, 06 Mar 2012 13:49:50 +0100
>>
>> A new version of I-D, draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp-03.txt has
>> been successfully submitted by Yngve N. Pettersen and posted to the IETF
>> repository.
>>
>> Filename: draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp
>> Revision: 03
>> Title: Adding Multiple TLS Certificate Status Extension requests
>> Creation date: 2012-03-06
>> WG ID: Individual Submission
>> Number of pages: 9
>>
>> Abstract:
>> This document introduces a replacement of the TLS Certificate Status
>> Extension to allow clients to specify and support multiple
>> certificate status methods. Also being introduced is a new OCSP-
>> based method that servers can use to provide status information not
>> just about the server&#39;s own certificate, but also the status of
>> intermediate certificates in the chain.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> The IETF Secretariat
>>
>>


-- 
Sincerely,
Yngve N. Pettersen
********************************************************************
Senior Developer		     Email: yngve@opera.com
Opera Software ASA                   http://www.opera.com/
Phone:  +47 23 69 32 60              Fax:    +47 23 69 24 01
********************************************************************

From rob.stradling@comodo.com  Wed Apr 11 07:41:10 2012
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On 11/04/12 15:20, Yngve N. Pettersen (Developer Opera Software ASA) wrote:
<snip>
> <snip>
>> 17. s2.2: So OCSP is definitely used a lot more than SCVP, but it is
>> the other status protocol. Should we just add it now?
>
> Could be; I am, however, unfamiliar with SCVP, but if the WG wants it
> added, and I am provided additional text as a starting point, then I can
> include it. Adding SCVP will probably require some editorial
> reorganization of section 2, splitting it into an overall format, an
> OCSP, and a SVCP subsection.

Hi Yngve.  Would an implementer be permitted to implement the OCSP 
option but not the SCVP option (or vice versa)?

My suggestion: Implementations MUST support the OCSP option, and MAY 
also support the SCVP option.

-- 
Rob Stradling
Senior Research & Development Scientist
COMODO - Creating Trust Online

From yngve@opera.com  Wed Apr 11 08:40:26 2012
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On Wed, 11 Apr 2012 16:41:06 +0200, Rob Stradling  
<rob.stradling@comodo.com> wrote:

> On 11/04/12 15:20, Yngve N. Pettersen (Developer Opera Software ASA)  
> wrote:
> <snip>
>> <snip>
>>> 17. s2.2: So OCSP is definitely used a lot more than SCVP, but it is
>>> the other status protocol. Should we just add it now?
>>
>> Could be; I am, however, unfamiliar with SCVP, but if the WG wants it
>> added, and I am provided additional text as a starting point, then I can
>> include it. Adding SCVP will probably require some editorial
>> reorganization of section 2, splitting it into an overall format, an
>> OCSP, and a SVCP subsection.
>
> Hi Yngve.  Would an implementer be permitted to implement the OCSP  
> option but not the SCVP option (or vice versa)?

In the spec? It should be optional to implement it, so it should be  
prented as an additional method that may be sent.

AFAICT, OpenSSL 1.0.0 does not currently have any support for SCVP.

Adding the possibility would, however, improve testing of the  
extensibility of the extension.

> My suggestion: Implementations MUST support the OCSP option, and MAY  
> also support the SCVP option.

Agree.


-- 
Sincerely,
Yngve N. Pettersen
********************************************************************
Senior Developer		     Email: yngve@opera.com
Opera Software ASA                   http://www.opera.com/
Phone:  +47 23 69 32 60              Fax:    +47 23 69 24 01
********************************************************************

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To: "'Paul Wouters'" <paul@nohats.ca>, "'Paul Hoffman'" <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: tls-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:tls-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Paul
> Wouters
> Sent: Tuesday, April 10, 2012 9:09 AM
> To: Paul Hoffman
> Cc: tls@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [TLS] Client certificate authentication and
draft-ietf-tls-oob-
> pubkey
> 
> On Tue, 10 Apr 2012, Paul Hoffman wrote:
> 
> >> When the TLS client contacts the server, it has some idea of who it
> >> is contacting for the out of band authentication of the received raw
> >> public key. The server has no such idea when it is contact out of the
> >> wild, and if it just receives a SPKI without any identifier, then it
> >> cannot really know what to do.
> >
> > Sure it can. The same way that the client would have an internal list of
DNS-
> to-SPKI associations, the server could have an internal list of ID-to-SPKI
> associations.
> 
> True. It wouldn't be the best system, but you are right.
> 
> >> This is why I suggested the TLS extension equivalent for SNI for the
> >> client.
> >
> > Where is this suggested?
> 
> Oops. I checked draft-wouters-tls-oob-pubkey-00 and it was already
> removed there after discussion with EKR in Quebec City.
> 

If this is really what you want to do, then I would suggest that the
document be expanded so that there exists the possibility to include an
identifier and/or a public key in the certificate form defined by the oob
document.

Jim

> 
> > True, but the current draft needs to say how it implements the RFC 6091
> semantics. Leaving it silent will lead to misunderstanding.
> >
> >> But as there is no way currently for the TLS client to convey its own
> >> cert_type is different than then cert_type it requested of the
> >> server, I guess we should stick with using the same cert_type symantics
as
> in 6091.
> >
> > Why, yes, you should. :-)
> >
> >> That would mean that without a new TLS extension, that TLS servers
> >> sending a certificate_request in response to receiveing a
> cert_type="RawPublicKey"
> >> is likely to end in a failed TLS connection, because the server
> >> cannot authenticate the client based on the received certificate of
type
> RawPublicKey.
> >
> > As above, I don't see why that is the case. A server can get client
names
> and SPKIs out of band just as a client can.
> 
> Yes, it can, but not "as a client can", because the client knows which
identity
> it is going to contact, while the server does not know which identity it
is
> contacted by.
> 
> > Please add clarifying text regardless, and then we can discuss if we
agree
> with it.
> 
> Will do.
> 
> Paul
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


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From: "Jim Schaad" <ietf@augustcellars.com>
To: <draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp@tools.ietf.org>
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There are three models for doing OCSP, as near as I can tell this draft only
addresses two of those models.

1.  The RP uses a single OCSP server that will issue the OCSP responses for
all of the certificates in a chain.
2.  The CA directly issues OCSP responses for the certificates that it
issues (thus they replace direct CRLs)
3.  The CA issues a certificate to the OCSP responder (thus they replace
indirect CRLs).

The first two are covered as only the certificates in the CA chain and the
OCSP responses are needed, however the last model would require that
additional certificates and potentially CRLs be transported so that the
indirect certificate can be validated as part of processing the OCSP
responses.

Jim



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From: "Yngve N. Pettersen (Developer Opera Software ASA)" <yngve@opera.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp questions
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On Wed, 11 Apr 2012 18:54:10 +0200, Jim Schaad <jimsch@augustcellars.com>  
wrote:

> There are three models for doing OCSP, as near as I can tell this draft  
> only
> addresses two of those models.
>
> 1.  The RP uses a single OCSP server that will issue the OCSP responses  
> for
> all of the certificates in a chain.
> 2.  The CA directly issues OCSP responses for the certificates that it
> issues (thus they replace direct CRLs)
> 3.  The CA issues a certificate to the OCSP responder (thus they replace
> indirect CRLs).
>
> The first two are covered as only the certificates in the CA chain and  
> the
> OCSP responses are needed, however the last model would require that
> additional certificates and potentially CRLs be transported so that the
> indirect certificate can be validated as part of processing the OCSP
> responses.

How the OCSP responses are retrieved by the server is decided by the  
server design, and is governed by RFCs 2560 and 5019, and is not really in  
scope for the document.

The most common model will be that the server retrieves them based on the  
AIA OCSP URL in the certificates, but it is also possible for the server  
to be configured to download it from a specific responder (or responders)  
different from what is stated in the certificates.

Whether the CA signs the OCSP responses directly, or uses a designated  
certificate to sign the response (this is handled by the response  
validation, same as for normal OCSP retrieval) is also IMO out of scope,  
and it is also governed by RFCs 2560 and 5019. AFAIK revocation is not  
checked on the designated issuer certificate and there is a recommendation  
in RFC 5019 about using an extension to disable OCSP checking for that  
certificate, and not including the CRL or OCSP URLs.

While most of that is IMO out of scope, what might be in scope is a  
recommendation to CAs about whether or not to use designated issuer to  
sign the responses (although I am inclined to say that this is out of  
scope, too). At least one major website operator have expressed concern  
about the responsiveness (from the user experience point of view) of their  
site if designated issuers are used, since those responses will be much  
larger than non-designated responses, which might make the handshake hit  
network limits, requiring an extra delay before the handshake can be  
completed. While this may be a concern during the first handshake of a  
session, a well-configured server should be able to keep a session alive  
for hours or maybe 24 hours, meaning that the extra delay will be rather  
infrequent (if the session are renegotiated frequently the UX impact might  
be greater).

The present document is about how the client negotiates that the server  
collects (in a manner not specified) the OCSP responses relevant to the  
certificates presented by the server, and how they are transferred from  
the server to the client. Validation of the responses are then handled  
according to RFC 2560 and RFC 5019,as part of the certificate validation  
process. It is not different from RFC 6066 in this aspect.

-- 
Sincerely,
Yngve N. Pettersen
********************************************************************
Senior Developer		     Email: yngve@opera.com
Opera Software ASA                   http://www.opera.com/
Phone:  +47 23 69 32 60              Fax:    +47 23 69 24 01
********************************************************************

From paul@nohats.ca  Wed Apr 11 11:10:17 2012
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Date: Wed, 11 Apr 2012 14:10:16 -0400 (EDT)
From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
To: Jim Schaad <ietf@augustcellars.com>
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Cc: tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Client certificate authentication and draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey
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On Wed, 11 Apr 2012, Jim Schaad wrote:

>> Oops. I checked draft-wouters-tls-oob-pubkey-00 and it was already
>> removed there after discussion with EKR in Quebec City.
>
> If this is really what you want to do, then I would suggest that the
> document be expanded so that there exists the possibility to include an
> identifier and/or a public key in the certificate form defined by the oob
> document.

Personall, I strongly prefer not adding more fields to the bare key certificate
type, as those people who want to cover client authentication can use
full PKIX certs already, and TLS client authentication in the wild seems
to be extremely rare. The only two cases I knew are CAcert and Fedora
(and for the latter it does not even add security, as I need to identify
with another factor anyway (yubikey))

Is there an actual use case where bare keys would be preferable over
full PKIX, that also include client auth not based on burned in keys
covered by server side SPKI lookups?

Paul

From mrex@sap.com  Wed Apr 11 11:13:13 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp questions
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Jim Schaad wrote:
> 
> There are three models for doing OCSP, as near as I can tell this draft only
> addresses two of those models.
> 
> 1.  The RP uses a single OCSP server that will issue the OCSP responses
>     for all of the certificates in a chain.
> 2.  The CA directly issues OCSP responses for the certificates that it
>     issues (thus they replace direct CRLs)
> 3.  The CA issues a certificate to the OCSP responder (thus they replace
>     indirect CRLs).
> 
> The first two are covered as only the certificates in the CA chain and the
> OCSP responses are needed, however the last model would require that
> additional certificates and potentially CRLs be transported so that the
> indirect certificate can be validated as part of processing the OCSP
> responses.


If your above enumeration is supposed to reflect the enumeration
from rfc2560 section 4.2.2.2

   http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2560#section-4.2.2.2

then (1) seems unusable for the purpose of OCSP response stapling
within a TLS extension.  The "local" within
"Matches a local configuration of OCSP signing authority" really
refers to the TLS server when acting as RP to obtain the OCSP
responses.  That "local" may be meaningless even for other hosts
of the same site (and in the extreme case, might even be meaningless
for a different process on the same host).

(3) does _not_ imply an indirection.  A CA could issue an OCSP signer
cert (as well as a CRL signer cert) as a self-issued non-CA cert.
In the OCSP case, if the OCSP signer case, if the OCSP response is
not signed by the same CA key(cert) that signed the certificate in
question, then that OCSP signer cert ought to be included within
the OCSP response (BasicOCSPResponse->certs field), so that the
signature validation can be securely performed by the RP.



-Martin

From ietf@augustcellars.com  Wed Apr 11 11:52:15 2012
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From: "Jim Schaad" <ietf@augustcellars.com>
To: "'Paul Wouters'" <paul@nohats.ca>
References: <173124B6-9480-443E-9FA6-98BBB1A01F5F@vpnc.org> <alpine.LFD.2.02.1204051126330.4059@bofh.nohats.ca> <F53123FA-2A9C-434D-92CF-0B938B072984@vpnc.org> <alpine.LFD.2.02.1204100955050.5054@bofh.nohats.ca> <BB11250E-D827-490A-9C9D-C83028844EF6@vpnc.org> <alpine.LFD.2.02.1204101202270.11272@bofh.nohats.ca> <01c901cd1801$9cff3fa0$d6fdbee0$@augustcellars.com> <alpine.LFD.2.02.1204111401400.24167@bofh.nohats.ca>
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Cc: tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Client certificate authentication and draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Wouters [mailto:paul@nohats.ca]
> Sent: Wednesday, April 11, 2012 11:10 AM
> To: Jim Schaad
> Cc: tls@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [TLS] Client certificate authentication and
draft-ietf-tls-oob-
> pubkey
> 
> On Wed, 11 Apr 2012, Jim Schaad wrote:
> 
> >> Oops. I checked draft-wouters-tls-oob-pubkey-00 and it was already
> >> removed there after discussion with EKR in Quebec City.
> >
> > If this is really what you want to do, then I would suggest that the
> > document be expanded so that there exists the possibility to include
> > an identifier and/or a public key in the certificate form defined by
> > the oob document.
> 
> Personall, I strongly prefer not adding more fields to the bare key
certificate
> type, as those people who want to cover client authentication can use full
> PKIX certs already, and TLS client authentication in the wild seems to be
> extremely rare. The only two cases I knew are CAcert and Fedora (and for
> the latter it does not even add security, as I need to identify with
another
> factor anyway (yubikey))
> 
> Is there an actual use case where bare keys would be preferable over full
> PKIX, that also include client auth not based on burned in keys covered by
> server side SPKI lookups?

Please put me onto the very confused list.

In your response to Paul yesterday, you stated that you wanted a TLS
extension which did SNI for the client, this is what I was suggesting you
put into your structure.

I was under the impression that you were arguing that looking up the SPKI at
the server was not going to work and that therefore something else was
needed.

Now you seem to be stating that certificates should be what is used for
client authentication.

None of this is clear from the current document.  And only the case of
looking up SPKI would seem to be even possible from the current document.
If you state that the certificate structure that is going to be used is the
OOB certificate structure then it is going to be the one used by both the
client and the server.  If you sometimes change this it will make for a very
confused server.  This means that whatever types of information you need to
identify the client to the server for authentication needs to be in this
structure definition. 

If you look at what was done in RFC 6091 - they 

1) were very explicit about what the client certificate was and
2) defined a special case for sending an empty PGP certificate slot when the
client did not have one available.

Jim


> 
> Paul


From yngve@opera.com  Wed Apr 11 12:15:55 2012
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To: draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp@tools.ietf.org, "Jim Schaad" <jimsch@augustcellars.com>
References: <01ca01cd1803$c09b63b0$41d22b10$@augustcellars.com> <op.wcl27d0mqrq7tp@acorna.oslo.osa> <01e701cd180f$b8fce550$2af6aff0$@augustcellars.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Apr 2012 21:15:48 +0200
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On Wed, 11 Apr 2012 20:19:52 +0200, Jim Schaad <jimsch@augustcellars.com>  
wrote:

>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Yngve N. Pettersen (Developer Opera Software ASA)
>> [mailto:yngve@opera.com]
>> Sent: Wednesday, April 11, 2012 10:37 AM
>> To: draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp@tools.ietf.org; Jim Schaad
>> Cc: tls@ietf.org
>> Subject: Re: draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp questions
>>
>> On Wed, 11 Apr 2012 18:54:10 +0200, Jim Schaad
>> <jimsch@augustcellars.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>> > There are three models for doing OCSP, as near as I can tell this
>> > draft only addresses two of those models.
>> >
>> > 1.  The RP uses a single OCSP server that will issue the OCSP
>> > responses for all of the certificates in a chain.
>> > 2.  The CA directly issues OCSP responses for the certificates that it
>> > issues (thus they replace direct CRLs) 3.  The CA issues a certificate
>> > to the OCSP responder (thus they replace indirect CRLs).
>> >
>> > The first two are covered as only the certificates in the CA chain and
>> > the OCSP responses are needed, however the last model would require
>> > that additional certificates and potentially CRLs be transported so
>> > that the indirect certificate can be validated as part of processing
>> > the OCSP responses.
>>
>> How the OCSP responses are retrieved by the server is decided by the
> server
>> design, and is governed by RFCs 2560 and 5019, and is not really in  
>> scope
> for
>> the document.
>
> I am afraid you have missed my point.  What I am looking at is strictly  
> the
> information that needs to be conveyed to the client.
>
> If a CA setups with an indirect signing certificate then that  
> certificate is
> REQUIRED by the client as part of the OCSP validation information chunk.
> Otherwise it would need to do a retrieval on the web for that  
> certificate in
> order to validate the signature on the OCSP response.  I suggested that a
> CRL MIGHT be needed for the certificate that did the OCSP signing
> specifically because I would expect that such a certificate would be
> excluded from the OCSP signing and thus a different way of doing the
> validation would be required.  I would expect a CA to have a CRL that
> consisted of JUST OCSP signers as its contents and thus the CRL itself
> should be very small.

A designated/delegated OCSP responder certificate MUST be issued directly  
 from the CA that issued the certificate that is being validated, and the  
certificate must be included in the response. See RFC 2560 sec. 2.6 and  
4.2.2.2

Since we are assuming that the client is able to build a complete  
certificate chain based on the certificates sent by the server, if  
necessary by providing certificates from its own repository or retrieving  
intermediate CA certs remotely using the AIA Issuer URL in the received  
certificates, there will be no certificates missing from the chain needed  
to verify the OCSP response, since the OCSP response is either signed  
directly by the in-chain CA that issued the certificate, or by a responder  
using a delegation certificate which was issued by that CA, and which must  
be included in the response.

The only cases for which the validation chain will be broken is if the  
server's certificate chain cannot be completed, which is a server  
configuration issue, or if the the delegation certificate either was not  
included, or was not issued by the CA that issued the certificate, which  
is a spec violation, and in such a case the client should fail the  
validation (at least of the response).

The OCSP response for a certificate forwarded by the server will (if  
valid) contain either just the signed response (signed by issuer), or the  
signed response in combination with the certificate of the  responder,  
which was issued by the CA that issued the certificate. Therefore, all  
information necessary to check the signature of the response is already  
available to the client.

At present I doubt that any client checks the revocation status of the  
delegated responder, it is presumed valid and unrevoked (the topic is  
discussed in RFC 2560 sec. 4.2.2.2.1) . This may or may not be desirable  
 from a security POV, but if so, it is something that the PKIX group should  
maybe consider as part of the 2560bis work, or perhaps a 5019 successor,  
not something that should be part of the stapling discussion, since the  
same issue would be experienced by a client retrieving the responses  
directly.

It is worth noting that (as mentioned) RFC 5019 (which is a light weight  
profile, meaning that minimum processing overhead is desired) recommends  
not providing any revocation information in the delegation certificate,  
but the decision for adding the information is the CA's, and it is the  
client's decision whether or not to check the revocation information if it  
is present (which might mean retrieving the CRL or an OCSP response). The  
server doing the stapling is not involved, and IMO it shouldn't be (if it  
was, it would have to request that information and then forward it as part  
of the stapling, which would complicate the protocol structure, as well as  
the server's control paths).

>>
>> The most common model will be that the server retrieves them based on  
>> the
>> AIA OCSP URL in the certificates, but it is also possible for the server
> to be
>> configured to download it from a specific responder (or responders)
>> different from what is stated in the certificates.
>>
>> Whether the CA signs the OCSP responses directly, or uses a designated
>> certificate to sign the response (this is handled by the response
> validation,
>> same as for normal OCSP retrieval) is also IMO out of scope, and it is
> also
>> governed by RFCs 2560 and 5019. AFAIK revocation is not checked on the
>> designated issuer certificate and there is a recommendation in RFC 5019
>> about using an extension to disable OCSP checking for that certificate,
> and
>> not including the CRL or OCSP URLs.
>
> Which is a recommendation, but is not a requirement.  Thus one could use  
> a
> CRL for OCSP responders (using an OCSP responder for OCSP responders  
> would
> be recursive) and the model does need to be supported by this document.

Whether OCSP or CRL is specified for the delegation certificate, and the  
client want to check it, obtaining that information is IMO outside the  
scope of this draft as currently envisioned.

If desirable, stapling such information should IMO be done by the  
responder, inside the OCSP response.

-- 
Sincerely,
Yngve N. Pettersen
********************************************************************
Senior Developer		     Email: yngve@opera.com
Opera Software ASA                   http://www.opera.com/
Phone:  +47 23 69 32 60              Fax:    +47 23 69 24 01
********************************************************************

From jimsch@augustcellars.com  Wed Apr 11 11:21:02 2012
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From: "Jim Schaad" <jimsch@augustcellars.com>
To: "'Yngve N. Pettersen \(Developer Opera Software ASA\)'" <yngve@opera.com>,  <draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp@tools.ietf.org>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yngve N. Pettersen (Developer Opera Software ASA)
> [mailto:yngve@opera.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, April 11, 2012 10:37 AM
> To: draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp@tools.ietf.org; Jim Schaad
> Cc: tls@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp questions
> 
> On Wed, 11 Apr 2012 18:54:10 +0200, Jim Schaad
> <jimsch@augustcellars.com>
> wrote:
> 
> > There are three models for doing OCSP, as near as I can tell this
> > draft only addresses two of those models.
> >
> > 1.  The RP uses a single OCSP server that will issue the OCSP
> > responses for all of the certificates in a chain.
> > 2.  The CA directly issues OCSP responses for the certificates that it
> > issues (thus they replace direct CRLs) 3.  The CA issues a certificate
> > to the OCSP responder (thus they replace indirect CRLs).
> >
> > The first two are covered as only the certificates in the CA chain and
> > the OCSP responses are needed, however the last model would require
> > that additional certificates and potentially CRLs be transported so
> > that the indirect certificate can be validated as part of processing
> > the OCSP responses.
> 
> How the OCSP responses are retrieved by the server is decided by the
server
> design, and is governed by RFCs 2560 and 5019, and is not really in scope
for
> the document.

I am afraid you have missed my point.  What I am looking at is strictly the
information that needs to be conveyed to the client.

If a CA setups with an indirect signing certificate then that certificate is
REQUIRED by the client as part of the OCSP validation information chunk.
Otherwise it would need to do a retrieval on the web for that certificate in
order to validate the signature on the OCSP response.  I suggested that a
CRL MIGHT be needed for the certificate that did the OCSP signing
specifically because I would expect that such a certificate would be
excluded from the OCSP signing and thus a different way of doing the
validation would be required.  I would expect a CA to have a CRL that
consisted of JUST OCSP signers as its contents and thus the CRL itself
should be very small.

> 
> The most common model will be that the server retrieves them based on the
> AIA OCSP URL in the certificates, but it is also possible for the server
to be
> configured to download it from a specific responder (or responders)
> different from what is stated in the certificates.
> 
> Whether the CA signs the OCSP responses directly, or uses a designated
> certificate to sign the response (this is handled by the response
validation,
> same as for normal OCSP retrieval) is also IMO out of scope, and it is
also
> governed by RFCs 2560 and 5019. AFAIK revocation is not checked on the
> designated issuer certificate and there is a recommendation in RFC 5019
> about using an extension to disable OCSP checking for that certificate,
and
> not including the CRL or OCSP URLs.

Which is a recommendation, but is not a requirement.  Thus one could use a
CRL for OCSP responders (using an OCSP responder for OCSP responders would
be recursive) and the model does need to be supported by this document.

Jim

> 
> While most of that is IMO out of scope, what might be in scope is a
> recommendation to CAs about whether or not to use designated issuer to
> sign the responses (although I am inclined to say that this is out of
scope,
> too). At least one major website operator have expressed concern about the
> responsiveness (from the user experience point of view) of their site if
> designated issuers are used, since those responses will be much larger
than
> non-designated responses, which might make the handshake hit network
> limits, requiring an extra delay before the handshake can be completed.
> While this may be a concern during the first handshake of a session, a
well-
> configured server should be able to keep a session alive for hours or
maybe
> 24 hours, meaning that the extra delay will be rather infrequent (if the
> session are renegotiated frequently the UX impact might be greater).
> 
> The present document is about how the client negotiates that the server
> collects (in a manner not specified) the OCSP responses relevant to the
> certificates presented by the server, and how they are transferred from
the
> server to the client. Validation of the responses are then handled
according
> to RFC 2560 and RFC 5019,as part of the certificate validation process. It
is not
> different from RFC 6066 in this aspect.
> 
> --
> Sincerely,
> Yngve N. Pettersen
> **********************************************************
> **********
> Senior Developer		     Email: yngve@opera.com
> Opera Software ASA                   http://www.opera.com/
> Phone:  +47 23 69 32 60              Fax:    +47 23 69 24 01
> **********************************************************
> **********


From mrex@sap.com  Wed Apr 11 14:25:33 2012
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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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To: paul@nohats.ca (Paul Wouters)
Date: Wed, 11 Apr 2012 23:25:19 +0200 (MEST)
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Paul Wouters wrote:
> 
>Jim Schaad wrote:
>> 
>>> Oops. I checked draft-wouters-tls-oob-pubkey-00 and it was already
>>> removed there after discussion with EKR in Quebec City.
>>
>> If this is really what you want to do, then I would suggest that the
>> document be expanded so that there exists the possibility to include an
>> identifier and/or a public key in the certificate form defined by the oob
>> document.
> 
> Personall, I strongly prefer not adding more fields to the bare key
> certificate type,

That's OK and I don't see a need for that.


>
> as those people who want to cover client authentication can use
> full PKIX certs already, and TLS client authentication in the wild seems
> to be extremely rare.

I really dislike this answer.   What is wrong with plain public keys?
It works just fine with SSH.  You complained so badly about not wanting
to parse X.509 in your client, that I am somewhat appalled to see you
suggesting X.509 for client authentication. 

In our company we've been using SSL client certs for all Intranet systems
to which many of our employees need access (Portal, Wikis, Employee
self-services scenarios) since 1999, and we've even managed to use
it occasionally for stuff that was outsourced (over the internet),
because it is so much easier (and more secure) to configure SSL client
certs on a WebServer than to newly assign 50.000 passwords each time.

If you look around, in many places people can create user accounts
with arbitrarily chosen user names, so it really does not matter
what name you tag to the key (to make it easier distinguishable
for humans), if you tag the keys _at_all_.  If you look at the proposal
for "Origin-Bound Certificates", they also come with *NO* name
that identifies the user, so the concept of recognizing a peer by
its public key is really _not_ unusal.


>
> The only two cases I knew are CAcert and Fedora
> (and for the latter it does not even add security, as I need to identify
> with another factor anyway (yubikey))
> 
> Is there an actual use case where bare keys would be preferable over
> full PKIX, that also include client auth not based on burned in keys
> covered by server side SPKI lookups?

Why SPKI lookups?
Just have the server map public keys into authorizations,

-Martin

From wwwrun@rfc-editor.org  Thu Apr 12 12:38:51 2012
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From: RFC Errata System <rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org>
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Subject: [TLS] [Editorial Errata Reported] RFC5246 (3191)
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The following errata report has been submitted for RFC5246,
"The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2".

--------------------------------------
You may review the report below and at:
http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=5246&eid=3191

--------------------------------------
Type: Editorial
Reported by: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>

Section: Meta-Data

Original Text
-------------
Obsoletes: 3268, 4346, 4366
Updates: 4492

Corrected Text
--------------
Updates: 4492

Notes
-----
"Obsoletes: 4366" is factually incorrect, because it is impossible to implement TLSv1.1 (rfc4346) or TLSv1.0(rfc2246) from the TLSv1.2 spec alone. (IPv6 does not obsolete IPv4 and HTTP/1.1 does not obsolete HTTP/1.0 either).

"Obsoletes: 4366" is factually incorrect, because some of the TLS extensions defined in rfc4366 do NOT appear in rfc5246 (and were updated by rfc6066).  On top of that, in order to implement TLS extensions for TLSv1.0 or TLSv1.1, rfc4366 is indispensible, because it describes the necessary changes to the TLSv1.0 & TLSv1.1 PDUs, information that would be cumbersome to extract from rfc5246 compared to simply using rfc4366.

"Obsoletes: 3268" is factually incorrect, because 3268 is the document needed to implement the AES ciphersuites in implementations of TLS _prior_ to TLSv1.2,
such as TLSv1.0(rfc2246) and TLSv1.1(rfc4346), i.e. to add support for AES ciphersuites to an existing implementation of TLSv1.0, one would use TLSv1.0(rfc2246) plus rfc3268, rather than TLSv1.0 plus some undefined fragments of rfc5246.

Instructions:
-------------
This errata is currently posted as "Reported". If necessary, please
use "Reply All" to discuss whether it should be verified or
rejected. When a decision is reached, the verifying party (IESG)
can log in to change the status and edit the report, if necessary. 

--------------------------------------
RFC5246 (draft-ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis-10)
--------------------------------------
Title               : The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2
Publication Date    : August 2008
Author(s)           : T. Dierks, E. Rescorla
Category            : PROPOSED STANDARD
Source              : Transport Layer Security
Area                : Security
Stream              : IETF
Verifying Party     : IESG

From paul.hoffman@vpnc.org  Fri Apr 13 08:02:00 2012
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This errata should be rejected because it is not an errata, it is an =
objection to the IETF process (how one RFC obsoletes another). It is =
definitely an interesting process question, but not one that should be =
dealt with through the errata process.

On Apr 12, 2012, at 12:38 PM, RFC Errata System wrote:

>=20
> The following errata report has been submitted for RFC5246,
> "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2".
>=20
> --------------------------------------
> You may review the report below and at:
> http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=3D5246&eid=3D3191
>=20
> --------------------------------------
> Type: Editorial
> Reported by: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
>=20
> Section: Meta-Data
>=20
> Original Text
> -------------
> Obsoletes: 3268, 4346, 4366
> Updates: 4492
>=20
> Corrected Text
> --------------
> Updates: 4492
>=20
> Notes
> -----
> "Obsoletes: 4366" is factually incorrect, because it is impossible to =
implement TLSv1.1 (rfc4346) or TLSv1.0(rfc2246) from the TLSv1.2 spec =
alone. (IPv6 does not obsolete IPv4 and HTTP/1.1 does not obsolete =
HTTP/1.0 either).
>=20
> "Obsoletes: 4366" is factually incorrect, because some of the TLS =
extensions defined in rfc4366 do NOT appear in rfc5246 (and were updated =
by rfc6066).  On top of that, in order to implement TLS extensions for =
TLSv1.0 or TLSv1.1, rfc4366 is indispensible, because it describes the =
necessary changes to the TLSv1.0 & TLSv1.1 PDUs, information that would =
be cumbersome to extract from rfc5246 compared to simply using rfc4366.
>=20
> "Obsoletes: 3268" is factually incorrect, because 3268 is the document =
needed to implement the AES ciphersuites in implementations of TLS =
_prior_ to TLSv1.2,
> such as TLSv1.0(rfc2246) and TLSv1.1(rfc4346), i.e. to add support for =
AES ciphersuites to an existing implementation of TLSv1.0, one would use =
TLSv1.0(rfc2246) plus rfc3268, rather than TLSv1.0 plus some undefined =
fragments of rfc5246.
>=20
> Instructions:
> -------------
> This errata is currently posted as "Reported". If necessary, please
> use "Reply All" to discuss whether it should be verified or
> rejected. When a decision is reached, the verifying party (IESG)
> can log in to change the status and edit the report, if necessary.=20
>=20
> --------------------------------------
> RFC5246 (draft-ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis-10)
> --------------------------------------
> Title               : The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol =
Version 1.2
> Publication Date    : August 2008
> Author(s)           : T. Dierks, E. Rescorla
> Category            : PROPOSED STANDARD
> Source              : Transport Layer Security
> Area                : Security
> Stream              : IETF
> Verifying Party     : IESG
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


From paul.hoffman@vpnc.org  Sat Apr 14 10:44:39 2012
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<http://www.imperialviolet.org/2012/04/11/falsestart.html>

Not a good sign for TLS changes that require field updates...

--Paul Hoffman


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On 04/14/2012 07:43 PM, Paul Hoffman wrote:

> <http://www.imperialviolet.org/2012/04/11/falsestart.html>
> Not a good sign for TLS changes that require field updates...


I don't know. There might have been other reasons to drop false start.
One that I can think of is that the benefits didn't outweigh the costs.
The cost is a lower security bar and incompatibility problems.
The benefit is improved user experience in a browser. Was such benefit
significant with false start? Did pages load faster? I'd expect to have
the majority of connections in a browser as resuming sessions, hence
improved loading time might not have been the case. Performance
improvement figures are missing for such an important extension.

regards,
Nikos


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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org>
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Cc: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Update on False Start
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On Apr 15, 2012, at 12:51 PM, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos wrote:

> On 04/14/2012 07:43 PM, Paul Hoffman wrote:
>=20
>> <http://www.imperialviolet.org/2012/04/11/falsestart.html>
>> Not a good sign for TLS changes that require field updates...
>=20
>=20
> I don't know. There might have been other reasons to drop false start.
> One that I can think of is that the benefits didn't outweigh the costs.
> The cost is a lower security bar and incompatibility problems.

They had an explanation in their technical note, about why the security bar=
 is not lowered. Whether or not we believe that the security argument is va=
lid, they believed it. The incompatibility problems were unexpected. I thin=
k one of the big reasons that the Internet has moved to "everything over HT=
TP(S)" was to escape the middleboxes, because everything that goes over por=
ts 80 or 443, and looks somewhat like HTTP or TLS gets through.=20

The middleboxes just became "next generation middleboxes" and now the firew=
alls are deep inspecting the TLS connection, and the load balancers try to =
improve scale. You can no longer assume that all clients are IE, all server=
s are either IIS or Apache with OpenSSL, and the few outliers will have to =
adapt. Now there are dozens of implementations our there.

> The benefit is improved user experience in a browser. Was such benefit
> significant with false start? Did pages load faster? I'd expect to have
> the majority of connections in a browser as resuming sessions, hence
> improved loading time might not have been the case. Performance
> improvement figures are missing for such an important extension.

I agree, but note that this was not an extension. It wasn't negotiated. Now=
 that it's tied to NPN it will be negotiated. A naive implementation of TLS=
 would work fine. I guess some of the middleboxes had no-so-naive implement=
ations.

Yoav=

From mrex@sap.com  Mon Apr 16 09:12:49 2012
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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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Paul Hoffman wrote:
> 
> > http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=5246&eid=3191
>
> This errata should be rejected because it is not an errata, it is
> an objection to the IETF process (how one RFC obsoletes another).

You're mistaken, incorrect Meta-Data can be reported as RFC-Errata, see:

 http://www.ietf.org/iesg/statement/rfc-metadata-errata.html

>
> It is definitely an interesting process question, but not one that
> should be dealt with through the errata process.

The condition where the use of Obsoletes: is correct is documented here:

http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2223#page-12

  Obsoletes

      To be used to refer to an earlier document that is replaced by
      this document.  This document contains either revised information,
      or else all of the same information plus some new information,
*>    however extensive or brief that new information is; i.e., this
*>    document can be used alone, without reference to the older
*>    document.


So the meta-data of rfc5246 is definitely factually incorrect,
because neither of the stuff that is described by the documents
that rfc5246 claims to obsolete can be implemented from rfc5246 ALONE!

-Martin

From paul.hoffman@vpnc.org  Mon Apr 16 09:38:21 2012
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On Apr 16, 2012, at 9:12 AM, Martin Rex wrote:

> Paul Hoffman wrote:
>>=20
>>> http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=3D5246&eid=3D3191
>>=20
>> This errata should be rejected because it is not an errata, it is
>> an objection to the IETF process (how one RFC obsoletes another).
>=20
> You're mistaken, incorrect Meta-Data can be reported as RFC-Errata, =
see:
>=20
> http://www.ietf.org/iesg/statement/rfc-metadata-errata.html

Of course. And, if you read that document, you will see what you are =
reporting is not a minor errata for meta-data, but a major disagreement =
about what "Obsoletes" means.

>> It is definitely an interesting process question, but not one that
>> should be dealt with through the errata process.
>=20
> The condition where the use of Obsoletes: is correct is documented =
here:
>=20
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2223#page-12
>=20
>  Obsoletes
>=20
>      To be used to refer to an earlier document that is replaced by
>      this document.  This document contains either revised =
information,
>      or else all of the same information plus some new information,
> *>    however extensive or brief that new information is; i.e., this
> *>    document can be used alone, without reference to the older
> *>    document.
>=20
>=20
> So the meta-data of rfc5246 is definitely factually incorrect,
> because neither of the stuff that is described by the documents
> that rfc5246 claims to obsolete can be implemented from rfc5246 ALONE!

I can see your point, and think that the IETF might be using "Obsoletes" =
incorrectly in this and many other cases, given the text you quote here. =
As I said earlier, that would be an IETF process discussion. That does =
not mean you can correct it with an errata, as the document you point to =
above clearly says.

--Paul Hoffman


From mrex@sap.com  Mon Apr 16 09:55:36 2012
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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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Paul Hoffman wrote:
> 
> Martin Rex wrote:
> >
> > Paul Hoffman wrote:
> >> 
> >>> http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=5246&eid=3191
> >> 
> >> This errata should be rejected because it is not an errata, it is
> >> an objection to the IETF process (how one RFC obsoletes another).
> > 
> > You're mistaken, incorrect Meta-Data can be reported as RFC-Errata, see:
> > 
> > http://www.ietf.org/iesg/statement/rfc-metadata-errata.html
> 
> Of course. And, if you read that document, you will see what you are
> reporting is not a minor errata for meta-data, but a major disagreement
> about what "Obsoletes" means.

What Obsoletes: means *IS* standardized in rfc2223.

The reported errata is actually a minor technical defect.


> 
> >> It is definitely an interesting process question, but not one that
> >> should be dealt with through the errata process.
> > 
> > The condition where the use of Obsoletes: is correct is documented here:
> > 
> > http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2223#page-12
> > 
> >  Obsoletes
> > 
> >      To be used to refer to an earlier document that is replaced by
> >      this document.  This document contains either revised information,
> >      or else all of the same information plus some new information,
> > *>    however extensive or brief that new information is; i.e., this
> > *>    document can be used alone, without reference to the older
> > *>    document.
> > 
> > 
> > So the meta-data of rfc5246 is definitely factually incorrect,
> > because neither of the stuff that is described by the documents
> > that rfc5246 claims to obsolete can be implemented from rfc5246 ALONE!
> 
> I can see your point, and think that the IETF might be using "Obsoletes"
> incorrectly in this and many other cases, given the text you quote here.
> As I said earlier, that would be an IETF process discussion. That does
> not mean you can correct it with an errata, as the document you point
> to above clearly says.

Actually, the above definition of Obsoletes *DESCRIBES* the current IETF
Process.  There may be invalid uses of Obsoletes: headers that may
be accidental on the part of the authors or of the WG, and a few times
that might have even been "political misappropriation".  But just because
noone reported (or objected) to the incorrect Meta-Information on
IETF LC doesn't turn factually incorrect information into facts.

But unless the IETF Process is changed, such uses are technical defects
that only cause confusion to readers of the affected RFCs.  The IETF
process to fix document defects is the Errata system.

What _you_ might be looking for instead is a Meta-Data to the effect
"Successor to Protocol: xxxx"

See the correct use of the "Obsoletes:" Meta-Data for the HTTP protocol:

  rfc1945   HTTP/1.0
  rfc2068   HTTP/1.1
  rfc2616   HTTP/1.1  Obsoletes: 2068

document rfc2616 truely obsoletes rfc2068, but neither rfc2068 nor
rfc2616 obsolete rfc1945.


-Martin

From n.mavrogiannopoulos@gmail.com  Mon Apr 16 23:41:25 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] [Editorial Errata Reported] RFC5246 (3191)
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On 04/12/2012 09:38 PM, RFC Errata System wrote:


> The following errata report has been submitted for RFC5246,
> "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2".
[...]

> --------------------------------------

> Type: Editorial
> Reported by: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
> 
> Section: Meta-Data
> 
> Original Text
> -------------
> Obsoletes: 3268, 4346, 4366
> Updates: 4492
> 
> Corrected Text
> --------------
> Updates: 4492
> 
> Notes
> -----
> "Obsoletes: 4366" is factually incorrect, because it is impossible to implement TLSv1.1 (rfc4346) or TLSv1.0(rfc2246) from the TLSv1.2 spec alone. (IPv6 does not obsolete IPv4 and HTTP/1.1 does not obsolete HTTP/1.0 either).
> "Obsoletes: 4366" is factually incorrect, because some of the TLS extensions defined in rfc4366 do NOT appear in rfc5246 (and were updated by rfc6066).  On top of that, in order to implement TLS extensions for TLSv1.0 or TLSv1.1, rfc4366 is indispensible, because it describes the necessary changes to the TLSv1.0 & TLSv1.1 PDUs, information that would be cumbersome to extract from rfc5246 compared to simply using rfc4366.
> "Obsoletes: 3268" is factually incorrect, because 3268 is the document needed to implement the AES ciphersuites in implementations of TLS _prior_ to TLSv1.2,
> such as TLSv1.0(rfc2246) and TLSv1.1(rfc4346), i.e. to add support for AES ciphersuites to an existing implementation of TLSv1.0, one would use TLSv1.0(rfc2246) plus rfc3268, rather than TLSv1.0 plus some undefined fragments of rfc5246.


It looks like a valid report to me.

regards,
Nikos

From ekr@rtfm.com  Tue Apr 17 10:18:29 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] [Editorial Errata Reported] RFC5246 (3191)
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I don't concur with this report.


On Thu, Apr 12, 2012 at 12:38 PM, RFC Errata System
<rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org> wrote:
>
> The following errata report has been submitted for RFC5246,
> "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2".
>
> --------------------------------------
> You may review the report below and at:
> http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=5246&eid=3191
>
> --------------------------------------
> Type: Editorial
> Reported by: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
>
> Section: Meta-Data
>
> Original Text
> -------------
> Obsoletes: 3268, 4346, 4366
> Updates: 4492
>
> Corrected Text
> --------------
> Updates: 4492
>
> Notes
> -----
> "Obsoletes: 4366" is factually incorrect, because it is impossible to implement TLSv1.1 (rfc4346) or TLSv1.0(rfc2246) from the TLSv1.2 spec alone. (IPv6 does not obsolete IPv4 and HTTP/1.1 does not obsolete HTTP/1.0 either).
>

On the other hand, IKEv2 obsoleted IKE.
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4306

So I don't this is as clear cut as you suggest.

-Ekr

From mike-list@pobox.com  Tue Apr 17 13:00:30 2012
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From: Michael D'Errico <mike-list@pobox.com>
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Subject: [TLS] SPDY / NPN
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A lot of people are pushing Google's SPDY protocol to improve web performance;
however, it seems to rely on the Next Protocol Negotiation (NPN) extension,
which does not appear to have been officially published as an RFC (the -02
draft expired in October 2011).

RFC 5246 explains that all TLS extensions have to obtain IETF Consensus to be
used on the Internet:

    This document also uses a registry originally created in [RFC4366].
    IANA has updated it to reference this document.  The registry and its
    allocation policy (unchanged from [RFC4366]) is listed below:

    -  TLS ExtensionType Registry: Future values are allocated via IETF
       Consensus [RFC2434].  [...]

NPN also adds a new handshake message to the TLS protocol, completely bypassing
the required Standards Action to do so:

    -  TLS HandshakeType Registry: Future values are allocated via
       Standards Action [RFC2434].

Speeding up the web is certainly not evil, but a large player like Google
shouldn't be setting such a bad precedent w.r.t. the IETF process.

Mike

From n.mavrogiannopoulos@gmail.com  Tue Apr 17 13:51:40 2012
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On 04/17/2012 10:00 PM, Michael D'Errico wrote:

> A lot of people are pushing Google's SPDY protocol to improve web
> performance;
> however, it seems to rely on the Next Protocol Negotiation (NPN) extension,
> which does not appear to have been officially published as an RFC (the -02
> draft expired in October 2011).

I'd also note that the text in the draft isn't sufficient to implement
the protocol described. There are no numbers assigned by IANA and
fields like padding are not even defined.

> NPN also adds a new handshake message to the TLS protocol, completely
> bypassing the required Standards Action to do so:


Also there is no rationale on why a new handshake message is needed.

regards,
Nikos

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On 04/17/2012 07:17 PM, Eric Rescorla wrote:


> On the other hand, IKEv2 obsoleted IKE.
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4306
> So I don't this is as clear cut as you suggest.


In that case didn't IKEv2 actually made IKE obsolete?
It is pretty different than the TLS case where
TLS 1.0 is in widespread use several years after it
has been marked as obsolete.

regards,
Nikos

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On Tue, Apr 17, 2012 at 4:53 PM, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
<nmav@gnutls.org> wrote:
> On 04/17/2012 07:17 PM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>
>
>> On the other hand, IKEv2 obsoleted IKE.
>> http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4306
>> So I don't this is as clear cut as you suggest.
>
>
> In that case didn't IKEv2 actually made IKE obsolete?
> It is pretty different than the TLS case where
> TLS 1.0 is in widespread use several years after it
> has been marked as obsolete.

I'm not sure I understand what you mean. Those markings are
produced at the time the RFC is published, so they're not really
contingent on future deployment results, but rather on the
IETF's intentions.

-Ekr

From ynir@checkpoint.com  Tue Apr 17 14:22:48 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] [Editorial Errata Reported] RFC5246 (3191)
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On Apr 17, 2012, at 11:53 PM, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos wrote:

> On 04/17/2012 07:17 PM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>=20
>=20
>> On the other hand, IKEv2 obsoleted IKE.
>> http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4306
>> So I don't this is as clear cut as you suggest.
>=20
>=20
> In that case didn't IKEv2 actually made IKE obsolete?
> It is pretty different than the TLS case where
> TLS 1.0 is in widespread use several years after it
> has been marked as obsolete.

IKEv2 is 7 years old, and IKEv1 is still the rule, while IKEv2 is the excep=
tion. It's very similar to TLS 1.1/1.2 vs 1.0, and IPv6 vs v4.

Unless there's a good technical reason to keep using the old protocol, such=
 that it does something that was removed from the new version, I think it's=
 right that new versions will obsolete older versions. There's no reason to=
 implement TLS 1.0/1.1 today except for backward compatibility with existin=
g systems that are out there. The fact that A obsoletes B does not mean tha=
t vendors should delete the code that does B.

There is an issue that goes beyond notation, though. When new stuff is defi=
ned (like extensions or ciphersuites), it will usually reference the newest=
 RFC. Usually there will be no problem implementing that same extension or =
ciphersuite with TLS 1.1 or 1.0 (or even SSLv3). So the question is, if we =
have something new (like SPDY and the NPN extension), does it need to be ti=
ed to the latest TLS (1.2 in our case)?

You could argue that for SPDY you need a new client and a new server, so yo=
u might as well have them do it only over TLS 1.2, but that is not how Goog=
le and Mozilla implemented this.=20

Yoav=

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In-Reply-To: <CABcZeBN=wWh7X07Qx1CwPtG7NWa8B996-BsfvEO6dS3h5Ur6PQ@mail.gmail.com> from "Eric Rescorla" at Apr 17, 12 10:17:44 am
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> 
> I don't concur with this report.
> 
> > -----
> > "Obsoletes: 4366" is factually incorrect, because it is impossible to implement TLSv1.1 (rfc4346) or TLSv1.0(rfc2246) from the TLSv1.2 spec alone. (IPv6 does not obsolete IPv4 and HTTP/1.1 does not obsolete HTTP/1.0 either).
> >
> 
> On the other hand, IKEv2 obsoleted IKE.
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4306
> 
> So I don't this is as clear cut as you suggest.


The instruction given to RFC authors in rfc2223 page 12 about what Obsoletes
is _supposed_ to convey is IMHO fairly clear cut.

If you want to implement TLSv1.0 (i.e. interoperability with TLS peers
using protocol version { 0x03,0x01 }, the use of rfc2246 is essential
and unavoidable, because rfc5246 is lacking important information).


As it turns out, a few document authors & document shepherds did not pay
attention to the definition and purpose of the Obsoletes Header field
on Page 12 of rfc2223 "Instructions to RFC Authors"
and factually incorrect information got published in headers of some RFCs.


Factually incorrect Obsolete headers have created more than one
discussion and require the IESG to assess when it is OK
and why it might be necessary a to reference RFCs that were marked
"Obsolete" normatively -- something which would not be necessary
if the RFC authors had used the Obsoletes: correcty, as defined
in rfc2223, page-12.


But rather than reiterating Epicycles-like theories to describe such
exceptions, the engineering solution would be to fix the defect and
obviate all of:
confusion, complex exceptions and regular discussions about it.


-Martin

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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> 
> I'm not sure I understand what you mean. Those markings are
> produced at the time the RFC is published, so they're not really
> contingent on future deployment results, but rather on the
> IETF's intentions.

The purpose of that Marking is described in a document called
  rfc2223 "Instructions to RFC Authors".


In my ears, your argument sounds somewhat in the direction of:

"I have been entirely ignoring the rfc2223 purpose of meta-data and
 (ab)used the Obsoletes: header to actively promote newer protocol
 versions and over older protocol versions ... and I want to continue
 ignoring rfc2223 and (ab)use the Obsoletes: header in that fashion.
 I do not care how much that (ab)use might confuse other readers
 of the affected RFCs."

... specifically readers that try to parse RFC meta-data
as OFFICIALLY specified by the IETF, i.e. according to rfc2223...
(which currently seems to apply to tools/IDNits and the RFC Editor).


-Martin

From ekr@rtfm.com  Tue Apr 17 15:40:21 2012
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Apr 2012 15:39:37 -0700
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On Tue, Apr 17, 2012 at 3:34 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>
>> I'm not sure I understand what you mean. Those markings are
>> produced at the time the RFC is published, so they're not really
>> contingent on future deployment results, but rather on the
>> IETF's intentions.
>
> The purpose of that Marking is described in a document called
> =A0rfc2223 "Instructions to RFC Authors".
>
>
> In my ears, your argument sounds somewhat in the direction of:
>
> "I have been entirely ignoring the rfc2223 purpose of meta-data and
> =A0(ab)used the Obsoletes: header to actively promote newer protocol
> =A0versions and over older protocol versions ... and I want to continue
> =A0ignoring rfc2223 and (ab)use the Obsoletes: header in that fashion.
> =A0I do not care how much that (ab)use might confuse other readers
> =A0of the affected RFCs."
>
> ... specifically readers that try to parse RFC meta-data
> as OFFICIALLY specified by the IETF, i.e. according to rfc2223...
> (which currently seems to apply to tools/IDNits and the RFC Editor).

I can't speak for what it sounds like in your ears, but that's not what
I'm saying.

-Ekr

From mrex@sap.com  Tue Apr 17 16:31:53 2012
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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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To: ekr@rtfm.com (Eric Rescorla)
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> 
> On Tue, Apr 17, 2012 at 3:34 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> > Eric Rescorla wrote:
> >>
> >> I'm not sure I understand what you mean. Those markings are
> >> produced at the time the RFC is published, so they're not really
> >> contingent on future deployment results, but rather on the
> >> IETF's intentions.
> >
> > The purpose of that Marking is described in a document called
> >  rfc2223 "Instructions to RFC Authors".
> >
> >
> > In my ears, your argument sounds somewhat in the direction of:
> >
> > "I have been entirely ignoring the rfc2223 purpose of meta-data and
> >  (ab)used the Obsoletes: header to actively promote newer protocol
> >  versions and over older protocol versions ... and I want to continue
> >  ignoring rfc2223 and (ab)use the Obsoletes: header in that fashion.
> >  I do not care how much that (ab)use might confuse other readers
> >  of the affected RFCs."
> >
> > ... specifically readers that try to parse RFC meta-data
> > as OFFICIALLY specified by the IETF, i.e. according to rfc2223...
> > (which currently seems to apply to tools/IDNits and the RFC Editor).
> 
> I can't speak for what it sounds like in your ears, but that's not what
> I'm saying.

But I fail to see any difference between what you're _implying_ and
what the message that I'm getting.

Please look at the WHOLE section 12 of rfc2223, that defines the two Headers
Updates: & Obsoletes and their exact purpose:

  https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2223#section-12

   12. Relation to other RFCs

   Sometimes an RFC adds information on a topic discussed in a previous
   RFC or completely replaces an earlier RFC.  There are two terms used
   for these cases respectively, Updates and Obsoletes.  A document that
   obsoletes an earlier document can stand on its own.  A document that
   merely updates an earlier document cannot stand on its own; it is
   something that must be added to or inserted into the previously
   existing document, and has limited usefulness independently.  The
   terms Supercedes and Replaces are no longer used.

   Updates

      To be used as a reference from a new item that cannot be used
      alone (i.e., one that supplements a previous document), to refer
      to the previous document.  The newer publication is a part that
      will supplement or be added on to the existing document; e.g., an
      addendum, or separate, extra information that is to be added to
      the original document.

   Obsoletes

      To be used to refer to an earlier document that is replaced by
      this document.  This document contains either revised information,
      or else all of the same information plus some new information,
      however extensive or brief that new information is; i.e., this
      document can be used alone, without reference to the older
      document.

      For example:

         On the Assigned Numbers RFCs the term Obsoletes should be used
         since the new document actually incorporate new information
         (however brief) into the text of existing information and is
         more up-to-date than the older document, and hence, replaces it
         and makes it Obsoletes.

   In lists of RFCs or the RFC-Index (but not on the RFCs themselves)
   the following may be used with early documents to point to later
   documents.

   Obsoleted-by

      To be used to refer to the newer document(s) that replaces the
      older document.

   Updated-by

      To be used to refer to the newer section(s) which are to be added
      to the existing, still used, document.


Unless rfc-5246 *COMPLETELY*REPLACES* a document listed in Obsoletes:
that information is factually wrong.  CLEARLY.

Should that _not_be_clear_ from rfc2223, then the IETF will need to choose
a different language from English to specify standards, because
it would make it impossible to write non-ambiguous technical specifications
in a language where the above _is_not_clear_.

-Martin

From mrex@sap.com  Tue Apr 17 18:59:06 2012
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Reiterating on the relevant parts of rfc2223 and their meaning.

rfc2223 says it is an Instruction from the RFC Editor to
RFC authors about EDITORIAL issues (and not about technical issues).

Martin Rex wrote:
> 
>   https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2223#section-12
> 
>    12. Relation to other RFCs
> 
>    Sometimes an RFC adds information on a topic discussed in a previous
>    RFC or completely replaces an earlier RFC.  There are two terms used
>    for these cases respectively, Updates and Obsoletes.
>
>      [...]
> 
>    Obsoletes
> 
>       To be used to refer to an earlier document that is replaced by
>       this document.  This document contains either revised information,
>       or else all of the same information plus some new information,
>       however extensive or brief that new information is; i.e., this
>       document can be used alone, without reference to the older
>       document.

There is an editorial reference to "the same or revised information" about
the exact same thing, not a technical reference to a new protocol version.

This is meant in the sense of

   SMTP                     rfc821  -> rfc2821
   Internet message format  rfc822  -> rfc2822 
   PKCS#1                   rfc2313 -> rfc2437 -> rfc3447

in that the *new* document "completely replaces" the old document, and
for independently creating an implementation that is fully interoperable
with the installed base, the old document is no longer needed, it has
been completely replaced by the new document.

   IPv4 -> IPv6 is *NOT* an obsoletion in the editorial sense of rfc2223.

And while it _would_have_been_ possible (and IMHO valuable) for newer TLS
protocol specs to fully include all of the previous procotol versions
(greatly facilitating multi-TLS-version implementations), similar to
the three examples above, this was _NOT_ done for rfc5246.  rfc5246
describes TLSv1.2 exclusively, and among the things it lacks are
the TLSv1.0 PRF, the TLSv1.0 ConnectionState, the TLSv1.0 GenericBlockCipher
record PDU, the TLSv1.0 CertificateRequest PDU, and probably a few more
things beyond the changed digitally-signed struct.


If you look at the most recent IESG statement (about moving documents
to "historic" status),

   http://www.ietf.org/iesg/statement/designating-rfcs-as-historic.html

a guidance was added that sponsoring ADs should describe the intended
purpose of any "Obsoletes:" indicater on new documents,
which to _me_ looks like a realizatin that too little attention spent on
such markers in the past, and since not all RFC author followed the editing
guideline provided by the RFC Editor in rfc2223, RFCs might have gotten
published with factually incorrect Obsoletes: headers in them.


So while fixing the Obsoletes: meta-data on a document is a minor and purely
editorial change to that document (and not a technical change),
that marker does (per rfc2223 section 12) result in a technical statement
about "the old document".  The rfc2223 messsage is "The old document has
become completely irrelevant to independent creation of interoperable
implementations, it has been COMPLETELY REPLACED by the new document."


-Martin

From nico@cryptonector.com  Tue Apr 17 21:20:55 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] SPDY / NPN
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On Tue, Apr 17, 2012 at 3:00 PM, Michael D'Errico <mike-list@pobox.com> wro=
te:
> A lot of people are pushing Google's SPDY protocol to improve web
> performance;
> however, it seems to rely on the Next Protocol Negotiation (NPN) extensio=
n,
> which does not appear to have been officially published as an RFC (the -0=
2
> draft expired in October 2011).
>
> RFC 5246 explains that all TLS extensions have to obtain IETF Consensus t=
o
> be
> used on the Internet:
>
> =C2=A0 This document also uses a registry originally created in [RFC4366]=
.
> =C2=A0 IANA has updated it to reference this document. =C2=A0The registry=
 and its
> =C2=A0 allocation policy (unchanged from [RFC4366]) is listed below:
>
> =C2=A0 - =C2=A0TLS ExtensionType Registry: Future values are allocated vi=
a IETF
> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0Consensus [RFC2434]. =C2=A0[...]
>
> NPN also adds a new handshake message to the TLS protocol, completely
> bypassing
> the required Standards Action to do so:
>
> =C2=A0 - =C2=A0TLS HandshakeType Registry: Future values are allocated vi=
a
> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0Standards Action [RFC2434].
>
> Speeding up the web is certainly not evil, but a large player like Google
> shouldn't be setting such a bad precedent w.r.t. the IETF process.

I suspect they'd hardly be the first.  In fact, it's happened in the
context of Kerberos, where we've had some number camping happen.

A few things worth pointing out:

 - There's no IETF standards compliance police.  This isn't to
   say "go ahead and do what you like", rather, that the golden
   rule applies, and making nice matters, but we're also flexible,
   and if there's no other way to achieve something than by
   bending the rules, well, we don't have a police force to make
   sure you don't, so it does happen.  I'm describing reality here.

   We can minimize camping by having liberal registration rules
   and protocols that allow for liberal registration rules.  E.g., by
   not creating scarcity artificially; just say no to 8- and 16-bit
   fields!

 - The IETF is a volunteer organization, and it's also
   a sort of gatekeeping organization.  If participants don't act in
   timely ways then they can't gatekeep effectively either.

 - I can't fault participants for working around the IETF in
   some cases.  In this particular case I think the facts on the
   ground require some experimenting with real world
   deployment in order to gain the necessary experience.
   Specifically it's very hard to tell what will and what won't
   work as far TLS extensions go without actually trying to
   deploy them.  For a good example see the post-mortem
   on False Start.  Would it have been possible to obtain the
   necessary experience with TLS concentrators to know
   whether False Start was feasible *before* progressing
   the specification to the Standards Track?  Almost
   certainly not.  Would it have been possible to publish on
   the Experimental track first, then promoted to the Standards
   Track if it proved workable?  Not if a registration were
   needed that required Standards Action!  (Sure, the allocation
   could have been done separately from placing the extension
   on the Experimental track, but that means more time...)

 - TLS is extra special.  It goes back a long time, it's got a
   colorful history.  TLS (SSL!) specs lacked sufficient
   detail and review early on.  TLS has been deployed in ways
   that leave the end-to-end model in tatters, specifically: with
   proxies on both ends, and potentially with more than one
   proxy on the client side.  This makes interop testing harder
   than for most other protocols.

   Extending TLS is extra hard.  Harder than TCP.

 - I think one lesson is that the most important protocols we
   have need detailed, sufficient specifications, and we need
   regular interop testing and implementors who are willing to
   fix their implementations.  The latter can can be impossible
   to get in some cases (e.g., in the False Start case, where
   one implementor no longer has the staff on hand to fix a
   specific problem).  The former can be addressed with
   review, more process, more timely updates.  But the latter?
   No clue how to address the latter except by having had
   sufficiently detailed specs and enough interop testing from
   the get-go.

Nico
--

From mike-list@pobox.com  Tue Apr 17 23:38:50 2012
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Cc: TLS Mailing List <tls@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [TLS] SPDY / NPN
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I discovered the lack of specs because I went looking for information
about how to implement SPDY.  At this point there is wide deployment,
so we can't do much beyond rubber-stamping what implementations are
actually doing[*].  But having the existing behavior documented is very
important to make sure implementations are interoperable, as you know.

Sure I can sympathize with the need for Google to have experimented
and chosen some private values, but now that they're pushing for wider
adoption, it is their obligation to get those IANA assignments.

Mike

* which is a shame since there were valid objections to the way NPN
was designed, and it could have been improved with a little effort....


Nico Williams wrote:
> On Tue, Apr 17, 2012 at 3:00 PM, Michael D'Errico <mike-list@pobox.com> wrote:
>> A lot of people are pushing Google's SPDY protocol to improve web
>> performance;
>> however, it seems to rely on the Next Protocol Negotiation (NPN) extension,
>> which does not appear to have been officially published as an RFC (the -02
>> draft expired in October 2011).
>>
>> RFC 5246 explains that all TLS extensions have to obtain IETF Consensus to
>> be
>> used on the Internet:
>>
>>   This document also uses a registry originally created in [RFC4366].
>>   IANA has updated it to reference this document.  The registry and its
>>   allocation policy (unchanged from [RFC4366]) is listed below:
>>
>>   -  TLS ExtensionType Registry: Future values are allocated via IETF
>>      Consensus [RFC2434].  [...]
>>
>> NPN also adds a new handshake message to the TLS protocol, completely
>> bypassing
>> the required Standards Action to do so:
>>
>>   -  TLS HandshakeType Registry: Future values are allocated via
>>      Standards Action [RFC2434].
>>
>> Speeding up the web is certainly not evil, but a large player like Google
>> shouldn't be setting such a bad precedent w.r.t. the IETF process.
> 
> I suspect they'd hardly be the first.  In fact, it's happened in the
> context of Kerberos, where we've had some number camping happen.
> 
> A few things worth pointing out:
> 
>  - There's no IETF standards compliance police.  This isn't to
>    say "go ahead and do what you like", rather, that the golden
>    rule applies, and making nice matters, but we're also flexible,
>    and if there's no other way to achieve something than by
>    bending the rules, well, we don't have a police force to make
>    sure you don't, so it does happen.  I'm describing reality here.
> 
>    We can minimize camping by having liberal registration rules
>    and protocols that allow for liberal registration rules.  E.g., by
>    not creating scarcity artificially; just say no to 8- and 16-bit
>    fields!
> 
>  - The IETF is a volunteer organization, and it's also
>    a sort of gatekeeping organization.  If participants don't act in
>    timely ways then they can't gatekeep effectively either.
> 
>  - I can't fault participants for working around the IETF in
>    some cases.  In this particular case I think the facts on the
>    ground require some experimenting with real world
>    deployment in order to gain the necessary experience.
>    Specifically it's very hard to tell what will and what won't
>    work as far TLS extensions go without actually trying to
>    deploy them.  For a good example see the post-mortem
>    on False Start.  Would it have been possible to obtain the
>    necessary experience with TLS concentrators to know
>    whether False Start was feasible *before* progressing
>    the specification to the Standards Track?  Almost
>    certainly not.  Would it have been possible to publish on
>    the Experimental track first, then promoted to the Standards
>    Track if it proved workable?  Not if a registration were
>    needed that required Standards Action!  (Sure, the allocation
>    could have been done separately from placing the extension
>    on the Experimental track, but that means more time...)
> 
>  - TLS is extra special.  It goes back a long time, it's got a
>    colorful history.  TLS (SSL!) specs lacked sufficient
>    detail and review early on.  TLS has been deployed in ways
>    that leave the end-to-end model in tatters, specifically: with
>    proxies on both ends, and potentially with more than one
>    proxy on the client side.  This makes interop testing harder
>    than for most other protocols.
> 
>    Extending TLS is extra hard.  Harder than TCP.
> 
>  - I think one lesson is that the most important protocols we
>    have need detailed, sufficient specifications, and we need
>    regular interop testing and implementors who are willing to
>    fix their implementations.  The latter can can be impossible
>    to get in some cases (e.g., in the False Start case, where
>    one implementor no longer has the staff on hand to fix a
>    specific problem).  The former can be addressed with
>    review, more process, more timely updates.  But the latter?
>    No clue how to address the latter except by having had
>    sufficiently detailed specs and enough interop testing from
>    the get-go.
> 
> Nico
> --
> 
> 

From jsalowey@cisco.com  Wed Apr 18 13:42:14 2012
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From: Joe Salowey <jsalowey@cisco.com>
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To: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Client certificate authentication and draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey
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Hi Paul,

Can you submit an updated draft with the clarification that support for =
client auth is only through SPKI lookups?  Then we can take the draft to =
WGLC. =20

Thanks,

Joe =20
On Apr 11, 2012, at 11:10 AM, Paul Wouters wrote:

> On Wed, 11 Apr 2012, Jim Schaad wrote:
>=20
>>> Oops. I checked draft-wouters-tls-oob-pubkey-00 and it was already
>>> removed there after discussion with EKR in Quebec City.
>>=20
>> If this is really what you want to do, then I would suggest that the
>> document be expanded so that there exists the possibility to include =
an
>> identifier and/or a public key in the certificate form defined by the =
oob
>> document.
>=20
> Personall, I strongly prefer not adding more fields to the bare key =
certificate
> type, as those people who want to cover client authentication can use
> full PKIX certs already, and TLS client authentication in the wild =
seems
> to be extremely rare. The only two cases I knew are CAcert and Fedora
> (and for the latter it does not even add security, as I need to =
identify
> with another factor anyway (yubikey))
>=20
> Is there an actual use case where bare keys would be preferable over
> full PKIX, that also include client auth not based on burned in keys
> covered by server side SPKI lookups?
>=20
> Paul
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


From ekr@rtfm.com  Wed Apr 18 14:03:06 2012
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Subject: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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WG members,

At the meeting in Paris there was broad consensus to adopt Yngve's
TLS Multi-Stapling draft
(http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp-03.txt).

The WG chairs would like to confirm this consensus. Please send any
comments by Wednesday April 25.

-Ekr
[For the chairs]

From Jeff.Hodges@KingsMountain.com  Wed Apr 18 16:33:49 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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I support adopting draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp as a working group item.

=JeffH

From aerowolf@gmail.com  Wed Apr 18 18:06:45 2012
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From: Kyle Hamilton <aerowolf@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 2:02 PM, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
> WG members,
>
> At the meeting in Paris there was broad consensus to adopt Yngve's
> TLS Multi-Stapling draft
> (http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp-03.txt).
>
> The WG chairs would like to confirm this consensus. Please send any
> comments by Wednesday April 25.

I believe that this is improper for TLS-WG to take up.  The problem
that multi-stapling is intended to address can be done completely
within an X.509 self-signed structure, and derives from PKIX-WG not
producing a single coherent standard that client protocols can simply
plug in.  Trying to work around a PKIX-WG problem in TLS is not going
to solve the same types of problems that exist in all other PKIX
client protocols.

If PKIX-WG could get its collective head out of its... darkness... I'd
say push this over there, and force them to come up with a real single
atomic credential format that can securely support asserting multiple
certificate chains, stapled OCSP responses for ALL certificates in ALL
chains, multiple timestamps... basically, TLS has one place to assert
one keypair.  All we need is a signature chain (or multiple signature
chains) to say that someone (an identified X.509 principal, not an
X.509 device) actually *gasp* used their own authority to assign a key
to a device.

That we can't do this is a bug in PKIX, not a bug in TLS.  That we
can't get multiple certificate status responses in a single structure
is a failure of PKIX, not TLS.  Working around it in TLS-WG is
inefficient, and will not solve the same problem in other PKIX client
protocols.

Unfortunately, because PKIX-WG can't/won't do anything because
everybody's too afraid of changing the status quo, this seems to be
the only effective option that presents.  I would prefer that it not
be handled here, but since the problem in PKIX (which won't change) is
exposed by TLS...

I (grudgingly) shall support this, with many reservations.

-Kyle H

From mrex@sap.com  Wed Apr 18 18:45:52 2012
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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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To: aerowolf@gmail.com (Kyle Hamilton)
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In-Reply-To: <CAPMEXDam=9U0LFaieRYYCxGMRdX13uKd7j4CrczkY2YE0v1NSg@mail.gmail.com> from "Kyle Hamilton" at Apr 18, 12 06:06:37 pm
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Kyle Hamilton wrote:
> 
> Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
> >
> > At the meeting in Paris there was broad consensus to adopt Yngve's
> > TLS Multi-Stapling draft
> > (http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp-03.txt).
> >
> > The WG chairs would like to confirm this consensus. Please send any
> > comments by Wednesday April 25.
> 
 [quotations rearranged from Kyle's original response]
>
> I (grudgingly) shall support this, with many reservations.

I support adopting the work.


> 
> I believe that this is improper for TLS-WG to take up.  The problem
> that multi-stapling is intended to address can be done completely
> within an X.509 self-signed structure, and derives from PKIX-WG not
> producing a single coherent standard that client protocols can simply
> plug in.  Trying to work around a PKIX-WG problem in TLS is not going
> to solve the same types of problems that exist in all other PKIX
> client protocols.

This was a _known_ characteristic/shortcoming of X.509/PKIX when it
was (re-)used by SSLv3 and carried through to TLSv1.0, that revocation
checking was designed strictly out-of-band.  Originally CRLs, OCSP & SCVP
were later defined as alternative mechanisms, but similarly out-of-band.

Therefore I consider it INappropriate to blame X.509 for what it is
(even though I dislike this property of the X.509 architecture myself).

There are huge benefits associated with the multiple OCSP-responses
stapling, obviating the RP from additional third-party communication
in order to verify the TLS peer's certificate (chain), and protecting
the RPs privacy.  On top of this, the credential holder is in the
best position to ensure an efficiently accessible OCSP responder
for his own certificate (chain), efficiently cache OCSP responses
for his own cert (chain) and to refresh them out-of-band.

> 
> That we can't do this is a bug in PKIX, not a bug in TLS.  That we
> can't get multiple certificate status responses in a single structure
> is a failure of PKIX, not TLS.  Working around it in TLS-WG is
> inefficient, and will not solve the same problem in other PKIX client
> protocols.

Actually, I believe just the opposite.  While CRL suffers from a
design defect that can result in real world security vulnerability,
the OCSP design and the narrow set of acceptable signer certs is
a _huge_ improvement over CRLs, without that CRL signer design flaw.


-Martin

From peter.robinson@rsa.com  Wed Apr 18 18:52:39 2012
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I support adopting draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp as a working group=
 item.

------------------------------------------------
Peter Robinson - peter.robinson@rsa.com
Engineering Manager
RSA, The Security Division of EMC - http://www.rsa.com/
Level 32, Waterfront Place, 1 Eagle Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, AUST=
RALIA.
Phone: +61 7 3227 4427, Mobile: +61 407 962 150, Fax: +61 7 3227 4400.=20



From nico@cryptonector.com  Wed Apr 18 20:01:55 2012
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From: Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>
To: Kyle Hamilton <aerowolf@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 8:06 PM, Kyle Hamilton <aerowolf@gmail.com> wrote:
> I believe that this is improper for TLS-WG to take up. =C2=A0The problem
> that multi-stapling is intended to address can be done completely
> within an X.509 self-signed structure, and derives from PKIX-WG not
> producing a single coherent standard that client protocols can simply
> plug in. =C2=A0Trying to work around a PKIX-WG problem in TLS is not goin=
g
> to solve the same types of problems that exist in all other PKIX
> client protocols.

Self-signed structure?  No.  If freshness indication is to be solved
via PKIX then it has to be backwards compatible with existing relying
parties' certificate validation code.  The obvious solution is to have
online CAs issuing short-lived certs to systems that posses the
corresponding long-lived cert, with the online CAs having different
keys from the issuers of the long-lived certs (of course).

I'd be quite happy with such a scheme.  Much happier than with OCSP
response stapling, and much, much happier than with a solution based
on self-signed certs that [presumably] hold the real cert and OCSP
responses.

Nico
--

From mrex@sap.com  Wed Apr 18 20:21:23 2012
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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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To: nico@cryptonector.com (Nico Williams)
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In-Reply-To: <CAK3OfOj1=eaGTx+GfXbnME7cUGeLNXg8PKzv51c6NL2n5hy4Ew@mail.gmail.com> from "Nico Williams" at Apr 18, 12 09:26:17 pm
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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Nico Williams wrote:
> 
> On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 8:06 PM, Kyle Hamilton <aerowolf@gmail.com> wrote:
> > I believe that this is improper for TLS-WG to take up. Â The problem
> > that multi-stapling is intended to address can be done completely
> > within an X.509 self-signed structure, and derives from PKIX-WG not
> > producing a single coherent standard that client protocols can simply
> > plug in. Â Trying to work around a PKIX-WG problem in TLS is not going
> > to solve the same types of problems that exist in all other PKIX
> > client protocols.
> 
> Self-signed structure?  No.  If freshness indication is to be solved
> via PKIX then it has to be backwards compatible with existing relying
> parties' certificate validation code.  The obvious solution is to have
> online CAs issuing short-lived certs to systems that posses the
> corresponding long-lived cert, with the online CAs having different
> keys from the issuers of the long-lived certs (of course).
> 
> I'd be quite happy with such a scheme.  Much happier than with OCSP
> response stapling, and much, much happier than with a solution based
> on self-signed certs that [presumably] hold the real cert and OCSP
> responses.

I'd be EXTREMELY UNHAPPY with short-lived certs, because it entirely
precludes cert pinning, a scheme that is magnitudes more secure than the
existing Alzheimer approach of to identifying servers with zero prior
knowledge over and over and over again.

-Martin

From ekr@rtfm.com  Wed Apr 18 20:27:04 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 8:21 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> Nico Williams wrote:
>>
>> On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 8:06 PM, Kyle Hamilton <aerowolf@gmail.com> wrot=
e:
>> > I believe that this is improper for TLS-WG to take up. =C2=A0The probl=
em
>> > that multi-stapling is intended to address can be done completely
>> > within an X.509 self-signed structure, and derives from PKIX-WG not
>> > producing a single coherent standard that client protocols can simply
>> > plug in. =C2=A0Trying to work around a PKIX-WG problem in TLS is not g=
oing
>> > to solve the same types of problems that exist in all other PKIX
>> > client protocols.
>>
>> Self-signed structure? =A0No. =A0If freshness indication is to be solved
>> via PKIX then it has to be backwards compatible with existing relying
>> parties' certificate validation code. =A0The obvious solution is to have
>> online CAs issuing short-lived certs to systems that posses the
>> corresponding long-lived cert, with the online CAs having different
>> keys from the issuers of the long-lived certs (of course).
>>
>> I'd be quite happy with such a scheme. =A0Much happier than with OCSP
>> response stapling, and much, much happier than with a solution based
>> on self-signed certs that [presumably] hold the real cert and OCSP
>> responses.
>
> I'd be EXTREMELY UNHAPPY with short-lived certs, because it entirely
> precludes cert pinning, a scheme that is magnitudes more secure than the
> existing Alzheimer approach of to identifying servers with zero prior
> knowledge over and over and over again.

Short-lived certs aren't a problem if you pin by public key, as in:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-01

-Ekr

From nico@cryptonector.com  Wed Apr 18 20:38:04 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 10:21 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> Nico Williams wrote:
>> I'd be quite happy with such a scheme. =C2=A0Much happier than with OCSP
>> response stapling, and much, much happier than with a solution based
>> on self-signed certs that [presumably] hold the real cert and OCSP
>> responses.
>
> I'd be EXTREMELY UNHAPPY with short-lived certs, because it entirely
> precludes cert pinning, a scheme that is magnitudes more secure than the
> existing Alzheimer approach of to identifying servers with zero prior
> knowledge over and over and over again.

Why would it prevent cert pinning?  Sure, you couldn't pin a hash of
the cert.  You'd have to pin one or more of: the subject public key,
the subject name and issuer, or both.

Nico
--

From mrex@sap.com  Wed Apr 18 20:56:38 2012
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To: ekr@rtfm.com (Eric Rescorla)
Date: Thu, 19 Apr 2012 05:56:28 +0200 (MEST)
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> 
> Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> >
> > I'd be EXTREMELY UNHAPPY with short-lived certs, because it entirely
> > precludes cert pinning, a scheme that is magnitudes more secure than the
> > existing Alzheimer approach of to identifying servers with zero prior
> > knowledge over and over and over again.
> 
> Short-lived certs aren't a problem if you pin by public key, as in:
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-01

Credential management operations on the server are quite
risky for the availabilty of the server.  I doubt that I would
ever implement something like that for our server (and refuse
to do maintenance/support for such an architecture).

If there is some change on the CA that makes the resulting short-lived
server certs inacceptable (be it to clients or to responible servers
that check credentials before trying to use them) and *ALL* production
server depending on the CA will come to a grinding halt.

Given how complex PKIX/X.509 is and how crappy the CA software is
(boldly issuing certs with invalid or inconsistent content),
such a scheme would be IMO screaming for trouble.

-Martin

From ekr@rtfm.com  Wed Apr 18 21:04:42 2012
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Apr 2012 21:03:57 -0700
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 8:56 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>
>> Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
>> >
>> > I'd be EXTREMELY UNHAPPY with short-lived certs, because it entirely
>> > precludes cert pinning, a scheme that is magnitudes more secure than t=
he
>> > existing Alzheimer approach of to identifying servers with zero prior
>> > knowledge over and over and over again.
>>
>> Short-lived certs aren't a problem if you pin by public key, as in:
>> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-01
>
> Credential management operations on the server are quite
> risky for the availabilty of the server. =A0I doubt that I would
> ever implement something like that for our server (and refuse
> to do maintenance/support for such an architecture).
>
> If there is some change on the CA that makes the resulting short-lived
> server certs inacceptable (be it to clients or to responible servers
> that check credentials before trying to use them) and *ALL* production
> server depending on the CA will come to a grinding halt.
>
> Given how complex PKIX/X.509 is and how crappy the CA software is
> (boldly issuing certs with invalid or inconsistent content),
> such a scheme would be IMO screaming for trouble.

What I meant was that it wasn't an issue for cert pinning. Sorry if
that wasn't clear from the context.

That said,
1. I think you're somewhat overstating the case here: a reasonable
server will check rather before the short-lived cert expires, giving
you some time to detect errors and correct them.

2. It's not clear to me that this is a significantly worse set of problems
than OCSP stapling; for OCSP stapling to work correctly, it has to
be hard fail on the client and so bogus OCSP responses will also
bring all such production servers to a grinding halt.



-Ekr

From nico@cryptonector.com  Wed Apr 18 21:26:40 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 11:03 PM, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
> On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 8:56 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
>> Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>>
>>> Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
>>> >
>>> > I'd be EXTREMELY UNHAPPY with short-lived certs, because it entirely
>>> > precludes cert pinning, a scheme that is magnitudes more secure than =
the
>>> > existing Alzheimer approach of to identifying servers with zero prior
>>> > knowledge over and over and over again.
>>>
>>> Short-lived certs aren't a problem if you pin by public key, as in:
>>> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-key-pinning-01
>>
>> Credential management operations on the server are quite
>> risky for the availabilty of the server. =C2=A0I doubt that I would
>> ever implement something like that for our server (and refuse
>> to do maintenance/support for such an architecture).
>>
>> If there is some change on the CA that makes the resulting short-lived
>> server certs inacceptable (be it to clients or to responible servers
>> that check credentials before trying to use them) and *ALL* production
>> server depending on the CA will come to a grinding halt.
>>
>> Given how complex PKIX/X.509 is and how crappy the CA software is
>> (boldly issuing certs with invalid or inconsistent content),
>> such a scheme would be IMO screaming for trouble.
>
> What I meant was that it wasn't an issue for cert pinning. Sorry if
> that wasn't clear from the context.
>
> That said,
> 1. I think you're somewhat overstating the case here: a reasonable
> server will check rather before the short-lived cert expires, giving
> you some time to detect errors and correct them.
>
> 2. It's not clear to me that this is a significantly worse set of problem=
s
> than OCSP stapling; for OCSP stapling to work correctly, it has to
> be hard fail on the client and so bogus OCSP responses will also
> bring all such production servers to a grinding halt.

+1.  Also, the cert needn't be short-lived so much as fresh (recently
issued).  Of course, we don't want online CAs issuing long-lived
certs, and to make up for their being online we must be prepared to
revoke them frequently, which means we still have a headache for cert
lifetime trade-off.  Still, if OCSP responses need to be fresh within
10 minutes, having short-lived certs live up to 24 hours but be
refreshed every ten minutes would probably work well enough.

Nico
--

From mrex@sap.com  Wed Apr 18 21:38:17 2012
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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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To: ekr@rtfm.com (Eric Rescorla)
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In-Reply-To: <CABcZeBMK8BD690=CcFy+v3T1DHNTTJvQxEvKAz=TF=NSTv61dg@mail.gmail.com> from "Eric Rescorla" at Apr 18, 12 09:03:57 pm
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> 
> Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
>>
>> Credential management operations on the server are quite
>> risky for the availabilty of the server.  I doubt that I would
>> ever implement something like that for our server (and refuse
>> to do maintenance/support for such an architecture).
>>
>> If there is some change on the CA that makes the resulting short-lived
>> server certs inacceptable (be it to clients or to responible servers
>> that check credentials before trying to use them) and *ALL* production
>> server depending on the CA will come to a grinding halt.
>>
>> Given how complex PKIX/X.509 is and how crappy the CA software is
>> (boldly issuing certs with invalid or inconsistent content),
>> such a scheme would be IMO screaming for trouble.
> 
> What I meant was that it wasn't an issue for cert pinning. Sorry if
> that wasn't clear from the context.
> 
> That said,
> 1. I think you're somewhat overstating the case here: a reasonable
> server will check rather before the short-lived cert expires, giving
> you some time to detect errors and correct them.

24/7 availability of server admins for each and every important
server in a company.  That is creating lots of new jobs.
But the resulting TCO might make it a hard sell.

> 
> 2. It's not clear to me that this is a significantly worse set of problems
> than OCSP stapling; for OCSP stapling to work correctly, it has to
> be hard fail on the client and so bogus OCSP responses will also
> bring all such production servers to a grinding halt.

OCSP stapling has the big advantage that things works pretty much
exactly like they do now.  Hard fail is not necessary, especially
not for the absence of the stapling.  The server can get and check
the OCSP responses before updating what it inserts as a black box into
ServerHelloExtension.  And even if something goes wrong on the
server with the OCSP response renewal, clients that have a necessity
to continue have three options available:

  - try to obtain OCSP responses themselves
  - try to work from CRLs instead
  - do their very own risk management about how old OCSP responses
    or CRLS they want to tolerate.

I would not be surprised if it's more than a magnitude easier to
(accidentally) cause a CA cert issuance malfunction than to cause
an OCSP server response malfunction by adminstrative action.
And while being soft about revocation is not uncommon, being
soft about cert expiration would be (and not alternatives possible).


If the software components involved in the usage scenarios
(CA software, servers, clients) are all from different vendors/suppliers,
then allegedly small changes can easily break things that that the
changing supplier didn't foresee (or care).

*I* would not even dare shipping something that brittle even for
a single supplier solution when 24/7 availabilty is important,


-Martin


From mrex@sap.com  Wed Apr 18 21:43:29 2012
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Nico Williams wrote:
> 
> +1.  Also, the cert needn't be short-lived so much as fresh (recently
> issued).  Of course, we don't want online CAs issuing long-lived
> certs, and to make up for their being online we must be prepared to
> revoke them frequently, which means we still have a headache for cert
> lifetime trade-off.  Still, if OCSP responses need to be fresh within
> 10 minutes, having short-lived certs live up to 24 hours but be
> refreshed every ten minutes would probably work well enough.

OCSP Responses fresh within 10 minutes?
Sounds like an extreme case of paranoia to me.  I likely would not
even support such frequent refreshes within our server software,
and probably enforce >= 1 hour on that configuration parameter.

-Martin

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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 11:38 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> OCSP stapling has the big advantage that things works pretty much
> exactly like they do now. =C2=A0Hard fail is not necessary, especially

If you want revocation to work then you must have some point where you
fail hard.

Nico
--

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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 11:43 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> Nico Williams wrote:
>> +1. =C2=A0Also, the cert needn't be short-lived so much as fresh (recent=
ly
>> issued). =C2=A0Of course, we don't want online CAs issuing long-lived
>> certs, and to make up for their being online we must be prepared to
>> revoke them frequently, which means we still have a headache for cert
>> lifetime trade-off. =C2=A0Still, if OCSP responses need to be fresh with=
in
>> 10 minutes, having short-lived certs live up to 24 hours but be
>> refreshed every ten minutes would probably work well enough.
>
> OCSP Responses fresh within 10 minutes?

The point was that the ration of lifetime to freshness can be quite
large.  Whatever the freshness requirement, you can have the lifetime
of the credential be a fair be longer.

> Sounds like an extreme case of paranoia to me. =C2=A0I likely would not
> even support such frequent refreshes within our server software,
> and probably enforce >=3D 1 hour on that configuration parameter.

In the Kerberos world we typically see *service* ticket lifetimes as
short as one hour for plain services and as short as a few minutes for
high-value services, with TGTs being renewable for possibly many days.

Nico
--

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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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OCSP stapling pros:

 - no changes to CAs

Fresh certs from online CAs pros:

 - no changes to concentrators (except to automate the refreshing of
certs and cert chains)
 - no or minimal changes to relying parties (TLS clients) to insist on freshness

OCSP stapling cons:

 - software/firmware changes required on TLS servers
 - software changes required on TLS clients
 - procedures needed to keep OCSP responses fresh

Fresh certs from online CAs cons:

 - changes to CA infrastructure required
 - procedures needed to keep certs fresh

Both should increase the amount of PKIX goop to send similarly (OCSP
responses vs. extra certs in the validation chain).

Hmmm.  I'm not sure yet which is more workable.  And then there's the
Chrome model of revocation to consider.  I think we need to debate
this some more.  Or at least we need more information.  If CAs refuse
to go along with the fresh, short-lived certs with online CAs approach
then that's that for that approach, but in terms of code (and
firmware) to change, this is much better than OCSP stapling.

Nico
--

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On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 9:59 PM, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com> wrot=
e:
> OCSP stapling pros:
>
> =A0- no changes to CAs
>
> Fresh certs from online CAs pros:
>
> =A0- no changes to concentrators (except to automate the refreshing of
> certs and cert chains)
> =A0- no or minimal changes to relying parties (TLS clients) to insist on =
freshness
>
> OCSP stapling cons:
>
> =A0- software/firmware changes required on TLS servers

This is required as well for auto-refreshing of short-lived certs, and
I believe that both IIS and Apache currently support OCSP stapling.


> =A0- software changes required on TLS clients

Currently, Chrome at least supports OCSP stapling and there are
patches for NSS. It's also not entirely clear that short-lived certs
don't cause clients to choke. They shouldn't, but don't and shouldn't
aren't always the same.

-Ekr

From nico@cryptonector.com  Wed Apr 18 22:36:51 2012
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From: Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 12:03 AM, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
> On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 9:59 PM, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com> wr=
ote:
>> OCSP stapling cons:
>>
>> =C2=A0- software/firmware changes required on TLS servers
>
> This is required as well for auto-refreshing of short-lived certs, and

Not really: if there are any interfaces suitable for automation you
can just automate the periodic installation of new certs.

> I believe that both IIS and Apache currently support OCSP stapling.

But not this extension, right?

>> =C2=A0- software changes required on TLS clients
>
> Currently, Chrome at least supports OCSP stapling and there are
> patches for NSS. It's also not entirely clear that short-lived certs
> don't cause clients to choke. They shouldn't, but don't and shouldn't
> aren't always the same.

With TLS it's like a box of chocolates...  (hint: they're all awful).

Nico
--

From ekr@rtfm.com  Thu Apr 19 07:17:24 2012
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Apr 2012 07:16:39 -0700
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 10:36 PM, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com> wro=
te:
> On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 12:03 AM, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
>> On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 9:59 PM, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com> w=
rote:
>>> OCSP stapling cons:
>>>
>>> =A0- software/firmware changes required on TLS servers
>>
>> This is required as well for auto-refreshing of short-lived certs, and
>
> Not really: if there are any interfaces suitable for automation you
> can just automate the periodic installation of new certs.

You wish. :)

I believe that changing a cert in Apache, at least, involves
a restart.


>> I believe that both IIS and Apache currently support OCSP stapling.
>
> But not this extension, right?

Correct.

-Ekr

From ryan-ietftls@sleevi.com  Thu Apr 19 07:54:18 2012
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>  WG members,
>
>  At the meeting in Paris there was broad consensus to adopt Yngve's
>  TLS Multi-Stapling draft
>  (http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp-03.txt).
>
>  The WG chairs would like to confirm this consensus. Please send any
>  comments by Wednesday April 25.
>
>  -Ekr
>  [For the chairs]

I support adopting this as a WG item.


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On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 5:02 PM, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
> The WG chairs would like to confirm this consensus. Please send any
> comments by Wednesday April 25.

I support the adoption of this as an item.


Cheers

AGL

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From: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>
Date: Thu, 19 Apr 2012 12:55:42 -0400
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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I support adopting this as a WG item.

-tom

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Date: Thu, 19 Apr 2012 11:57:09 -0500
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From: Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 9:16 AM, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
> On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 10:36 PM, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com> w=
rote:
>> On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 12:03 AM, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
>>> On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 9:59 PM, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com> =
wrote:
>>>> OCSP stapling cons:
>>>>
>>>> =C2=A0- software/firmware changes required on TLS servers
>>>
>>> This is required as well for auto-refreshing of short-lived certs, and
>>
>> Not really: if there are any interfaces suitable for automation you
>> can just automate the periodic installation of new certs.
>
> You wish. :)
>
> I believe that changing a cert in Apache, at least, involves
> a restart.

But at least it's possible.  And with a server farm and a freshness
requirement of, say, a few hours, outages can be avoided altogether.
Also, it's not Apache I'm concerned about, but the concentrators.  I
imagine some may require something like expect scripting to automate
server cert replacement (ewww).

>>> I believe that both IIS and Apache currently support OCSP stapling.
>>
>> But not this extension, right?
>
> Correct.

That's important.  It's clear that changes to concentrator
software/firmware are difficult to effect and deploy.  To me that's a
big problem with the OCSP stapling proposal.

Nico
--

From mrex@sap.com  Thu Apr 19 12:33:44 2012
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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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To: nico@cryptonector.com (Nico Williams)
Date: Thu, 19 Apr 2012 21:33:37 +0200 (MEST)
In-Reply-To: <CAK3OfOi0DrCUs9DhgFgOGvTBr_nC93jGNkogpRsVZuQzsq1iRQ@mail.gmail.com> from "Nico Williams" at Apr 19, 12 11:57:09 am
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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Nico Williams wrote:
> 
>Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
>> Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com> wrote:
>>> Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
>>>> Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com> wrote:
>>>>> OCSP stapling cons:
>>>>>
>>>>> Â - software/firmware changes required on TLS servers
>>>>
>>>> This is required as well for auto-refreshing of short-lived certs, and
>>>
>>> Not really: if there are any interfaces suitable for automation you
>>> can just automate the periodic installation of new certs.
>>
>> You wish. :)
>>
>> I believe that changing a cert in Apache, at least, involves
>> a restart.
> 
> But at least it's possible.  And with a server farm and a freshness
> requirement of, say, a few hours, outages can be avoided altogether.
> Also, it's not Apache I'm concerned about, but the concentrators.  I
> imagine some may require something like expect scripting to automate
> server cert replacement (ewww).

First of all, the OCSP stapling extension will _not_ preclude that
you change your servers to use short-lived certs.

But short-lived certs create several additional operational problems,
because they expire so often.

 - on the client: you have to somehow recognize the short-lived certs and
   distinguish them from normal, long-lived certs and have the client
   skip traditional revocation-checking, so you would have to augment PKIX
   with a new attribute for that purpose and then update the entire
   installed base of TLS clients(!) and CA-Software... rather than
   just a few servers that will be under premium maintenance anyway
   if they important.

 - on the server: the changes necessary on the server to support OCSP
   stapling is in the ballpark of rfc5746 (renegotiation_info).
   the actual change to the TLS state machine is much smaller than
   rfc5746, but the acquisition of the OCSP staple is extra.

 - the real issue is about the management operation itself on the server.
   obtaining a new certificate from the CA typically requires mutual
   authentication, whereas obtaining a fresh OCSP staple can be
   performed over an insecure channel (followed by a validation that
   the info is valid).

 - short-lived certs interfere *badly* with TLS session caching,
   where clients may end up with factually expired certs after
   SSL session resumption.


> 
> >>> I believe that both IIS and Apache currently support OCSP stapling.
> >>
> >> But not this extension, right?
> >
> > Correct.
> 
> That's important.  It's clear that changes to concentrator
> software/firmware are difficult to effect and deploy.  To me that's a
> big problem with the OCSP stapling proposal.

This would be a total software logistics goof on the part of the
concentrator supplier if that was the case.  What use is a
?$$.$$$,- component if the vendor declares itself unable to
deploy a change of around 50 lines of code in a software update
under maintenance contracts?

The usefulness of a specialized concentrator looks somewhat overrated to me
(or might be an indicater of non-optimal server software behind it),
unless maybe you compare it to an Apache reverse proxy that does not
use SSL session resume on the connection to backend servers and
also has request pipelining disabled...

With a reasonable reverse proxy implementation, which sometimes is
included with the server software itself,  installed on an x86 or x64 PC,
performance should IMHO not be an issue.  With newer CPUs that support
AES-NI, maybe even less so.  Clients that are still limited to 3DES-EDE-CBC
are a little harder to serve, but far from unbearable.


-Martin

From ekr@rtfm.com  Thu Apr 19 12:45:57 2012
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 12:33 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> But short-lived certs create several additional operational problems,
> because they expire so often.
>
> =A0- on the client: you have to somehow recognize the short-lived certs a=
nd
> =A0 distinguish them from normal, long-lived certs and have the client
> =A0 skip traditional revocation-checking, so you would have to augment PK=
IX
> =A0 with a new attribute for that purpose and then update the entire
> =A0 installed base of TLS clients(!) and CA-Software... rather than
> =A0 just a few servers that will be under premium maintenance anyway
> =A0 if they important.

This may or may not be an issue. Depends how clients behave if there
is merely no revocation information in extensions.


> =A0- the real issue is about the management operation itself on the serve=
r.
> =A0 obtaining a new certificate from the CA typically requires mutual
> =A0 authentication, whereas obtaining a fresh OCSP staple can be
> =A0 performed over an insecure channel (followed by a validation that
> =A0 the info is valid).

The assumption behind short-lived certiifcates is that they will be
provided over a public channel without authentication, precisely
as new OCSP responses can be. Certificates are public information
so as long as nothing has changed, you just reissue with the
same key.


> =A0- short-lived certs interfere *badly* with TLS session caching,
> =A0 where clients may end up with factually expired certs after
> =A0 SSL session resumption.

As far as I can tell, precisely the same situation obtains with
respect to the client's opinion of expired OCSP responses.

-Ekr

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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 2:33 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> Nico Williams wrote:
>
> First of all, the OCSP stapling extension will _not_ preclude that
> you change your servers to use short-lived certs.

Neither precludes the other.  That's not the question.  The questions
are: does one, the other, or both solve the problem at hand?  and if
both do, which is easier to deploy?

> But short-lived certs create several additional operational problems,
> because they expire so often.

No.  If clients hard fail when they can't check revocation status of a
server cert, then it the operational problem applies to both.  If
clients prompt when the server cert is expired or the client can't
check revocation status then both schemes are still equivalent.  If
clients neither hard fail nor prompt in one scheme but not the other
then that one scheme is useless (this could happen to both schemes).

You've not yet demonstrated that one scheme is worse than the other.

More importantly, we need to decide when clients (RPs, really) should
fail hard.  That's critical, no?

> =C2=A0- on the client: you have to somehow recognize the short-lived cert=
s and
> =C2=A0 distinguish them from normal, long-lived certs and have the client
> =C2=A0 skip traditional revocation-checking, so you would have to augment=
 PKIX
> =C2=A0 with a new attribute for that purpose and then update the entire
> =C2=A0 installed base of TLS clients(!) and CA-Software... rather than
> =C2=A0 just a few servers that will be under premium maintenance anyway
> =C2=A0 if they important.

No, you wouldn't be REQUIRED to "somehow recognize ..."  Doing so
helps reduce the amount of work the client does -- it's an
optimization, and a very good one, yes, but still, only an
optimization.

A new OCSP wstapling extension, on the other hand, can't be deployed
without client-side changes, much more extensive changes than those
needed to take advantage of fresh certs!

> =C2=A0- on the server: the changes necessary on the server to support OCS=
P
> =C2=A0 stapling is in the ballpark of rfc5746 (renegotiation_info).
> =C2=A0 the actual change to the TLS state machine is much smaller than
> =C2=A0 rfc5746, but the acquisition of the OCSP staple is extra.

Agreed.  But this is critical, no?  Server-side changes include
changes to concentrators, in some cases to firmware.  That's a high
barrier.

> =C2=A0- the real issue is about the management operation itself on the se=
rver.
> =C2=A0 obtaining a new certificate from the CA typically requires mutual
> =C2=A0 authentication, whereas obtaining a fresh OCSP staple can be
> =C2=A0 performed over an insecure channel (followed by a validation that
> =C2=A0 the info is valid).

See EKR's response, with which I agree entirely.

> =C2=A0- short-lived certs interfere *badly* with TLS session caching,
> =C2=A0 where clients may end up with factually expired certs after
> =C2=A0 SSL session resumption.

Depends.  I'm arguing for *fresh* certs more than for short-lived
certs.  Same semantic as for OCSP.  We could conceivably be using
long-lived certs for this, just refreshed frequently.  Nothing wrong
with that, eh?

>> >>> I believe that both IIS and Apache currently support OCSP stapling.
>> >>
>> >> But not this extension, right?
>> >
>> > Correct.
>>
>> That's important. =C2=A0It's clear that changes to concentrator
>> software/firmware are difficult to effect and deploy. =C2=A0To me that's=
 a
>> big problem with the OCSP stapling proposal.
>
> This would be a total software logistics goof on the part of the
> concentrator supplier if that was the case. =C2=A0What use is a
> ?$$.$$$,- component if the vendor declares itself unable to
> deploy a change of around 50 lines of code in a software update
> under maintenance contracts?

Well, this: http://www.imperialviolet.org/2012/04/11/falsestart.html
leads me to think that concentrator changes are much harder to get
than you think.  Google clearly worked very hard on False Start and
still came up short.  And we think that a new OCSP stapling extension
will fare better??  Why would that be so?!

Now, this is all about optimizing certificate revocation status
checking.  It's just an optimization.  A very good and desirable
optimization.  We need an optimization in this area.  The question is:
what's the path of least resistance to getting that optimization
deployed?

> The usefulness of a specialized concentrator looks somewhat overrated to =
me
> [...]

Me too, but that doesn't change the reality of their being widely
deployed.  I doubt that reality is going to change anytime soon.

Nico
--

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Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> writes:

> On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 10:36 PM, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com> w=
rote:
> > On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 12:03 AM, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
> >> On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 9:59 PM, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>=
 wrote:
> >>> OCSP stapling cons:
> >>>
> >>> =C2=A0- software/firmware changes required on TLS servers
> >>
> >> This is required as well for auto-refreshing of short-lived certs, and
> >
> > Not really: if there are any interfaces suitable for automation you
> > can just automate the periodic installation of new certs.
>=20
> You wish. :)
>=20
> I believe that changing a cert in Apache, at least, involves
> a restart.

You can typically do it using 'apachectl graceful' without an
interruption to service, the same as any other Apache configuration
change.

From tom@ritter.vg  Thu Apr 19 13:47:03 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On 19 April 2012 16:10, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com> wrote:
> Well, this: http://www.imperialviolet.org/2012/04/11/falsestart.html
> leads me to think that concentrator changes are much harder to get
> than you think. =A0Google clearly worked very hard on False Start and
> still came up short. =A0And we think that a new OCSP stapling extension
> will fare better?? =A0Why would that be so?!

Browsers: We have worked with CAs for the past year on their OCSP
responders, and with websever developers for the past year on their
OCSP Stapling Support.  We are comfortable enough with OCSP Stapling
to run it on our own servers.  In x months/1 year we will be enabling
OCSP hard fail in our product.
BigCo: What does this mean for me?
Browser: It means that because your current certificate is not
stapled, your users will get slower performance visiting your website,
and if there is a network problem or failure on the OCSP responder of
your CA, the user cannot reach your site.  Also the user's browsing
habit is leaked to the CA, although you probably don't care.
BigCo: Thanks

BigCo: ConcentratorCo, I need OCSP Stapling support, do you provide it?
ConcentratorCo: No.
ResponsibleConcentratorCo: We do, we do!
ConcentratorCo: Shutup.

BigCo: Which is more important to us: not spending the money of
changing SSL Concentrators or eliminating the possibility that CA's
could go down and take down our site?

Perhaps I'm being a naive optimist, but I sincerely hope that
corporations will vote with their money and show these companies that
are _literally_ impeding the adoption of more secure technologies
throughout the _entire Internet_ (and not just Stapling, but TLS 1.1
too) that they are not interested in buying from a company that
provides less value than their up-to-date competitor.

I want to name and shame these companies that are slowing things down.
 I don't like this current trend of "certain companies do X".  Call
them out.  Journalism is want someone doesn't want you to print,
everything else is marketing. If a person takes adequate steps to
research the truthfulness of a statement - such as "We sent a TLS
ClientHello with a SNI extension to the server, and received an Alert.
 The same ClientHello sent without the extension did not produce an
alert" - you are covered legally.  Continuing to cover for these
companies that don't interoperate is doing their marketing for them.
It's frustrating for participants on this list, embarrassing at how
backwards this niche of security is, and it's ridiculous that I can
get better information about the Chinese Restaurant around the corner
than I can about the company I'm going to pay millions of dollars to
help run my secure infrastructure.

-tom

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To: ekr@rtfm.com (Eric Rescorla)
Date: Thu, 19 Apr 2012 22:48:54 +0200 (MEST)
In-Reply-To: <CABcZeBM9Kt8c4sq96Uw4C3c3uwaZx=C+kJ65yMPPYR2CcdVFEg@mail.gmail.com> from "Eric Rescorla" at Apr 19, 12 12:45:15 pm
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> 
> >  - the real issue is about the management operation itself on the server.
> >   obtaining a new certificate from the CA typically requires mutual
> >   authentication, whereas obtaining a fresh OCSP staple can be
> >   performed over an insecure channel (followed by a validation that
> >   the info is valid).
> 
> The assumption behind short-lived certiifcates is that they will be
> provided over a public channel without authentication, precisely
> as new OCSP responses can be. Certificates are public information
> so as long as nothing has changed, you just reissue with the
> same key.

Sounds like an additional, brand-new enrollment protocol.

> 
> >  - short-lived certs interfere *badly* with TLS session caching,
> >   where clients may end up with factually expired certs after
> >   SSL session resumption.
> 
> As far as I can tell, precisely the same situation obtains with
> respect to the client's opinion of expired OCSP responses.

Hardly.  The server cert is an integral part of the session state,
whereas the OCSP responses would quite probably be from a seperate
OCSP response cache.  So when the client processes the ExtendedServerHello,
it will stuff any OCSP responses from the existing single-OCSP or the
new stapled OCSP response into the global cache and continue, and
when processing the server's certificate handshake message, it
will check the global cache for acceptably fresh OCSP responses and
for all that are missing, expired or insufficiently fresh, the client
will, all by himself, decide whether to perform OCSP lookup itself,
whether the client considers that his privacy is more important and
uses only what he has on hand.

A TLS peer will not necessarily perform cert revocation checking
during certificate path validation on full handshakes, but instead
perform cert revocation checking *AFTER* the TLS handshake and
independent of whether the session was resumed or newly established.


-Martin

From mike-list@pobox.com  Thu Apr 19 13:54:14 2012
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From: Michael D'Errico <mike-list@pobox.com>
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Cc: tls@ietf.org, aerowolf@gmail.com
Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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Nico Williams wrote:
> Well, this: http://www.imperialviolet.org/2012/04/11/falsestart.html
> leads me to think that concentrator changes are much harder to get
> than you think.  Google clearly worked very hard on False Start and
> still came up short.  And we think that a new OCSP stapling extension
> will fare better??  Why would that be so?!

False Start was not indicated by an extension, so a client could not
know whether the server supported it.  Google tried to blacklist known
incompatible servers, but they were unable to reliably determine if a
server needed to be blacklisted.

A concentrator that doesn't implement OCSP stapling will just ignore
the extension and proceed normally.

Mike

From marsh@extendedsubset.com  Thu Apr 19 14:05:07 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] SPDY / NPN
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On 04/18/2012 01:38 AM, Michael D'Errico wrote:
> I discovered the lack of specs because I went looking for information
> about how to implement SPDY. At this point there is wide deployment,
> so we can't do much beyond rubber-stamping what implementations are
> actually doing[*]. But having the existing behavior documented is
> very important to make sure implementations are interoperable, as you
> know.
>
> Sure I can sympathize with the need for Google to have experimented
> and chosen some private values, but now that they're pushing for
> wider adoption, it is their obligation to get those IANA
> assignments.

May 14, 2011
http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-agl-tls-nextproto-00.txt
> 5.  IANA Considerations
>
> This document requires IANA to update its registry of TLS extensions
>  to assign an entry, referred herein as "next_protocol".
>
> This document also requires IANA to update its registry of TLS
> handshake types to assign an entry, referred herein as
> "next_protocol_ann".

July 2011
https://technotes.googlecode.com/git/nextprotoneg.html
> Implementations
>
> NPN has been implemented in NSS (patch), TLSLite (patch) and OpenSSL
> (included in CVS, patch against 1.0.0d).
>
> A reference implementation server is running on port 443 of
> www.google.com. On the client side, the Chrome web browser enables
> NPN by default. Magic values
>
> For easy reference, this note uses the following magic numbers:
>
> Next protocol negotiation extension number	13172
>
> NextProtocol handshake message number	67

October 3, 2011
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=547312#c9
> NP was an attempt by Paul Hoffman to make NPN more IETF friendly. I
> don't believe that it has gone anywhere at all. As far as I know,
> there are no implementations of it.
>
> If the IETF were to standardise an acceptable variant of NPN we
> would look to transition over to it. That seems extremely unlikely at
> this point.

It reads to me like they were trying to do the right thing and the 
IETF/IANA process failed them.

We had this problem with the RI extension too. As a practical matter, 
developers needed to start interop testing long before the ID was in 
last call status.

It doesn't seem like a good idea to withhold numbers until last call. 
Those with a credible prospect of deploying and documenting a TLS 
extension ought to be able to reserve a number from the IANA for 
development and testing (and possible eventual adoption).

Withholding numbers doesn't actually seem to dissuade anyone from 
developing extensions. It simply results in numbers being de facto 
allocated in an uncoordinated fashion:

 From 
http://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/raw-file/c55ce76c8dac/security/nss/lib/ssl/sslt.h
> typedef enum {
>     ssl_server_name_xtn              = 0,
> #ifdef NSS_ENABLE_ECC
>     ssl_elliptic_curves_xtn          = 10,
>     ssl_ec_point_formats_xtn         = 11,
> #endif
>     ssl_session_ticket_xtn           = 35,
>     ssl_next_proto_nego_xtn          = 13172,
>     ssl_renegotiation_info_xtn       = 0xff01	/* experimental number*/
> } SSLExtensionType;

- Marsh

From marsh@extendedsubset.com  Thu Apr 19 14:31:40 2012
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Cc: tls@ietf.org, aerowolf@gmail.com, Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On 04/14/2012 12:43 PM, Paul Hoffman wrote:
> <http://www.imperialviolet.org/2012/04/11/falsestart.html>
>
> Not a good sign for TLS changes that require field updates...
>
> --Paul Hoffman

On 04/19/2012 03:54 PM, Michael D'Errico wrote:
> Nico Williams wrote:
>> Well, this:
>> http://www.imperialviolet.org/2012/04/11/falsestart.html leads me
>> to think that concentrator changes are much harder to get than you
>> think. Google clearly worked very hard on False Start and still
>> came up short. And we think that a new OCSP stapling extension
>> will fare better?? Why would that be so?!
>
> False Start was not indicated by an extension, so a client could not
>  know whether the server supported it.

I wonder why they didn't propose an extension to negotiate the use of
False Start. Surely that would fix the server intolerance problem.

 From http://www.imperialviolet.org/2012/04/11/falsestart.html
> The `servers' with problems were nearly always SSL terminators.

Perhaps they didn't think the WG would adopt it and/or the servers would
deploy support for it soon enough?

I would love to support a revised version of the proposal
http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-bmoeller-tls-falsestart-00.txt
that negotiated via a TLS extension.

- Marsh

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To: marsh@extendedsubset.com (Marsh Ray)
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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Marsh Ray wrote:
> 
> I wonder why they didn't propose an extension to negotiate the use of
> False Start. Surely that would fix the server intolerance problem.

+1

> 
> Perhaps they didn't think the WG would adopt it and/or the servers would
> deploy support for it soon enough?
> 
> I would love to support a revised version of the proposal
> http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-bmoeller-tls-falsestart-00.txt
> that negotiated via a TLS extension.

+1, but I do not understand what kind of problem the Google proposal
has with the RSA key exchange method.  The functionality of FalseStart
and the RSA key exchange method are completely orthogonal (i.e. unrelated).

-Martin 

From nico@cryptonector.com  Thu Apr 19 15:15:11 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 3:54 PM, Michael D'Errico <mike-list@pobox.com> wro=
te:
> Nico Williams wrote:
>> Well, this: http://www.imperialviolet.org/2012/04/11/falsestart.html
>> leads me to think that concentrator changes are much harder to get
>> than you think. =C2=A0Google clearly worked very hard on False Start and
>> still came up short. =C2=A0And we think that a new OCSP stapling extensi=
on
>> will fare better?? =C2=A0Why would that be so?!
>
> False Start was not indicated by an extension, so a client could not
> know whether the server supported it. =C2=A0Google tried to blacklist kno=
wn
> incompatible servers, but they were unable to reliably determine if a
> server needed to be blacklisted.

Ahhh, good point.

> A concentrator that doesn't implement OCSP stapling will just ignore
> the extension and proceed normally.

Sure, ok.  As long as this is just an optimization that's ok.

Nico
--

From marsh@extendedsubset.com  Thu Apr 19 15:15:37 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On 04/19/2012 04:52 PM, Martin Rex wrote:
>
> I do not understand what kind of problem the Google proposal
> has with the RSA key exchange method.  The functionality of FalseStart
> and the RSA key exchange method are completely orthogonal (i.e. unrelated).

The thing with FS is that it could allow an active attacker to 
manipulate the handshake in ways which are not detected by the client 
until it receives the server's Finished message. But the whole point of 
FS is that the client sends application data bearing ciphertext before 
he gets the server's Finished.

So in general this would be a recipe for disaster (e.g. rollback 
attacks), except that certain ciphersuites might be judged "good enough" 
to use. For example, if the client sends the premaster secret by 
encrypting it with RSA to a properly-validated server cert, he might 
feel comfortable transmitting the app data encrypted with AES before 
knowing whether or not the handshake was manipulated.

When using DHE, the Server Key Exchange message ("sent by the server 
only when the server certificate message (if sent) does not contain 
enough data to allow the client to exchange a premaster secret") would 
appear to authenticate the handshake to the client. Assuming he 
validated it before deciding to start falsely.

There are other ways this could backfire. For example, if there were any 
extensions negotiated in the Hello exchange which were necessary for 
security. Are any extensions like that? I don't know. How about those 
extensions for the ECDH that "allow a client to negotiate the use of 
specific curves"? Certainly we'd have to be careful when adding future 
extensions how they might break in an FS environment.

The ciphersuite selection could be faked. The attacker could trick the 
client into parsing a validly signed ServerRSAParams structure as a 
ServerDHParams structure, or vice versa.

Nate Lawson feels that False Start is dangerous because of downgrade 
attacks, even allowing a BEAST attack.
http://rdist.root.org/2012/02/27/ssl-optimization-and-security-talk/

Still, the prospect of saving half a round trip in latency is quite 
attractive.

- Marsh

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On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 7:54 AM, Marsh Ray <marsh@extendedsubset.com> wrote:
> I wonder why they didn't propose an extension to negotiate the use of
> False Start. Surely that would fix the server intolerance problem.

We wanted to try and speed up everything. Negotiating via an extension
significantly limits deployment as servers are rarely updated.

The hope was that the fallout would be limited and that we could clean
up HTTPS servers to the point where other clients could choose to
enable False Start without significant compatibility concerns. That
didn't work out I'm afraid.

> I would love to support a revised version of the proposal
> http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-bmoeller-tls-falsestart-00.txt
> that negotiated via a TLS extension.

As of Chrome 20, False Start will be limited to servers supporting NPN
and forward secrecy. As that effectively limits it to Google servers
I'd be quite happy to respin the draft with an explicit extension
number if the WG will take it. (I guess the answer is to propose it
and see.)


Cheers

AGL

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On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 6:54 AM, Marsh Ray <marsh@extendedsubset.com> wrote:
> Perhaps they didn't think the WG would adopt it and/or the servers would
> deploy support for it soon enough?

Dunno.  Suppose it'd worked?  Then it would have been wonderful that
it requires no server changes.  So that's my guess: Google was hoping
to have an optimization that works instantly with no changes required
on servers.

> I would love to support a revised version of the proposal
> http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-bmoeller-tls-falsestart-00.txt
> that negotiated via a TLS extension.

Agreed.

Nico
--

From nico@cryptonector.com  Thu Apr 19 15:30:26 2012
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References: <4F8DCBD4.6090104@pobox.com> <CAK3OfOj4b9UtryGS5jrxdtxnwspGjq781vkA_EktecO2ZqJ_eQ@mail.gmail.com> <4F8E6170.6070501@pobox.com> <4F8FF6BD.3020401@extendedsubset.com>
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From: Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>
To: Marsh Ray <marsh@extendedsubset.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] SPDY / NPN
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On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 6:27 AM, Marsh Ray <marsh@extendedsubset.com> wrote:
> It reads to me like they were trying to do the right thing and the IETF/IANA
> process failed them.

Not IANA.  The IETF failed them.

> We had this problem with the RI extension too. As a practical matter,
> developers needed to start interop testing long before the ID was in last
> call status.

This has happened quite a bit in other areas too (e.g., the IKEv2
NAT-T extensions, IIIRC).

Part of the problem is that during development the protocol is still
fluid and you don't want code to get deployed that later fails to
interop when the final protocol ends up differing from an earlier
version.

For non-scarce namespaces the solution is to just make allocations
liberally.  And for scarce ones?  I think we could use a standard
policy that requires, say, just WG chair and AD approval -- something
less that IESG Approval, more than FCFS, something akin to Expert
Review but requiring wider consensus yet being light-weight.  The
problem is that we can't require WG consensus or WG chair approval for
allocations because WGs are not stable -- we'd need a method for
updating which WG's chairs (if any applicable WG remains) need to
approve.  Ditto ADs, as it's possible to have the IESG re-organized.
But IESG Approval is a bit heavy-duty, I think (maybe I'm wrong about
that).

> Withholding numbers doesn't actually seem to dissuade anyone from developing
> extensions. It simply results in numbers being de facto allocated in an
> uncoordinated fashion:

Bingo.  But I don't think this is just a matter of the IETF being too
conservative in selecting allocation policies for registries.  That's
only part of it.  The other part is that we need an allocation policy
that is lightweight yet faster/simpler than Expert Review and also
requiring approval by an authority that can confirm the existence of
consensus for the allocation.  The bodies that would provide that
confirmation are ephemeral.

Nico
--

From mrex@sap.com  Thu Apr 19 16:04:55 2012
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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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To: marsh@extendedsubset.com (Marsh Ray)
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Marsh Ray wrote:
> 
> On 04/19/2012 04:52 PM, Martin Rex wrote:
> >
> > I do not understand what kind of problem the Google proposal
> > has with the RSA key exchange method.  The functionality of FalseStart
> > and the RSA key exchange method are completely orthogonal (i.e. unrelated).
> 
> The thing with FS is that it could allow an active attacker to 
> manipulate the handshake in ways which are not detected by the client 
> until it receives the server's Finished message. But the whole point of 
> FS is that the client sends application data bearing ciphertext before 
> he gets the server's Finished.
> 
> So in general this would be a recipe for disaster (e.g. rollback 
> attacks), except that certain ciphersuites might be judged "good enough" 
> to use. For example, if the client sends the premaster secret by 
> encrypting it with RSA to a properly-validated server cert, he might 
> feel comfortable transmitting the app data encrypted with AES before 
> knowing whether or not the handshake was manipulated.
> 
> When using DHE, the Server Key Exchange message ("sent by the server 
> only when the server certificate message (if sent) does not contain 
> enough data to allow the client to exchange a premaster secret") would 
> appear to authenticate the handshake to the client. Assuming he 
> validated it before deciding to start falsely.

I fail to understand what protection DHE provides over RSA.

http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246#page-52

      struct {
          select (KeyExchangeAlgorithm) {
              case dh_anon:
                  ServerDHParams params;
              case dhe_dss:
              case dhe_rsa:
                  ServerDHParams params;
                  digitally-signed struct {
                      opaque client_random[32];
                      opaque server_random[32];
                      ServerDHParams params;
                  } signed_params;
              case rsa:
              case dh_dss:
              case dh_rsa:
                  struct {} ;
                 /* message is omitted for rsa, dh_dss, and dh_rsa */
              /* may be extended, e.g., for ECDH -- see [TLSECC] */
          };
      } ServerKeyExchange;

The digital signature in the ServerKeyExchange handshake message
IMO provides none such protection.

The client_random is under full control of the attacker, the server_random
is unpredictable by the client and whether the KeyExchange is performed
with signed ServerDHParams or the public RSA key from the server cert
is orthogonal to FalseStart.

Maybe the client does not want to use FalseStart if the encryption
strength of the server-selected cipher suite is poor, but since there
is nothing in DHE ServerKeyExchange that would protect TLS extensions
or the ciphersuite, I don't see a rationale why DHE is OK and RSA not.


> 
> There are other ways this could backfire. For example, if there were any 
> extensions negotiated in the Hello exchange which were necessary for 
> security. Are any extensions like that? I don't know. How about those 
> extensions for the ECDH that "allow a client to negotiate the use of 
> specific curves"? Certainly we'd have to be careful when adding future 
> extensions how they might break in an FS environment.


FalseStart only makes sense in an environment, where the confidentiality
protection applied to application data that is optimistically sent
ahead of the handshake completion is deemed adequately strong to
not be susceptible to brute force decryption or iterative guessing.

But that depends on the PRF (which depends on the TLS protocol
version), the symmetric cipher strength and the strength of the
key exchange algorithm in general, but not on whether the latter
is DHE vs RSA.


> 
> Still, the prospect of saving half a round trip in latency is quite 
> attractive.

It's half a round trip in the handshake tokens, and either nothing or a
full round-trip on the initial communication overhead.

For HTTP/1.x, where the client sends the request, there is *NO* saving
on the abbreviated handshake (aka session resume).

Unless either the server's or the client's tls session management is
significantly screwed, or majority of elements on the pages are completely
scattered all over different servers, the performance benefit will be
in the noise.  On reasonably configured, high-load servers I see

  full handshake : resumes

          98     : 2

if TLS session caching _works_.

And if session caching doesn't work, I see the CPU cores getting maxed out,
so that the saved roundtrip latency on the full handshake is more
than compensated by the CPU contention...


-Martin

From mrex@sap.com  Thu Apr 19 16:10:44 2012
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Typo on the  full handshake : session resumes.
                     2      :    98

Sorry,
-Martin

Martin Rex wrote:
> 
> Marsh Ray wrote:
> > 
> > On 04/19/2012 04:52 PM, Martin Rex wrote:
> > >
> > > I do not understand what kind of problem the Google proposal
> > > has with the RSA key exchange method.  The functionality of FalseStart
> > > and the RSA key exchange method are completely orthogonal (i.e. unrelated).
> > 
> > The thing with FS is that it could allow an active attacker to 
> > manipulate the handshake in ways which are not detected by the client 
> > until it receives the server's Finished message. But the whole point of 
> > FS is that the client sends application data bearing ciphertext before 
> > he gets the server's Finished.
> > 
> > So in general this would be a recipe for disaster (e.g. rollback 
> > attacks), except that certain ciphersuites might be judged "good enough" 
> > to use. For example, if the client sends the premaster secret by 
> > encrypting it with RSA to a properly-validated server cert, he might 
> > feel comfortable transmitting the app data encrypted with AES before 
> > knowing whether or not the handshake was manipulated.
> > 
> > When using DHE, the Server Key Exchange message ("sent by the server 
> > only when the server certificate message (if sent) does not contain 
> > enough data to allow the client to exchange a premaster secret") would 
> > appear to authenticate the handshake to the client. Assuming he 
> > validated it before deciding to start falsely.
> 
> I fail to understand what protection DHE provides over RSA.
> 
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246#page-52
> 
>       struct {
>           select (KeyExchangeAlgorithm) {
>               case dh_anon:
>                   ServerDHParams params;
>               case dhe_dss:
>               case dhe_rsa:
>                   ServerDHParams params;
>                   digitally-signed struct {
>                       opaque client_random[32];
>                       opaque server_random[32];
>                       ServerDHParams params;
>                   } signed_params;
>               case rsa:
>               case dh_dss:
>               case dh_rsa:
>                   struct {} ;
>                  /* message is omitted for rsa, dh_dss, and dh_rsa */
>               /* may be extended, e.g., for ECDH -- see [TLSECC] */
>           };
>       } ServerKeyExchange;
> 
> The digital signature in the ServerKeyExchange handshake message
> IMO provides none such protection.
> 
> The client_random is under full control of the attacker, the server_random
> is unpredictable by the client and whether the KeyExchange is performed
> with signed ServerDHParams or the public RSA key from the server cert
> is orthogonal to FalseStart.
> 
> Maybe the client does not want to use FalseStart if the encryption
> strength of the server-selected cipher suite is poor, but since there
> is nothing in DHE ServerKeyExchange that would protect TLS extensions
> or the ciphersuite, I don't see a rationale why DHE is OK and RSA not.
> 
> 
> > 
> > There are other ways this could backfire. For example, if there were any 
> > extensions negotiated in the Hello exchange which were necessary for 
> > security. Are any extensions like that? I don't know. How about those 
> > extensions for the ECDH that "allow a client to negotiate the use of 
> > specific curves"? Certainly we'd have to be careful when adding future 
> > extensions how they might break in an FS environment.
> 
> 
> FalseStart only makes sense in an environment, where the confidentiality
> protection applied to application data that is optimistically sent
> ahead of the handshake completion is deemed adequately strong to
> not be susceptible to brute force decryption or iterative guessing.
> 
> But that depends on the PRF (which depends on the TLS protocol
> version), the symmetric cipher strength and the strength of the
> key exchange algorithm in general, but not on whether the latter
> is DHE vs RSA.
> 
> 
> > 
> > Still, the prospect of saving half a round trip in latency is quite 
> > attractive.
> 
> It's half a round trip in the handshake tokens, and either nothing or a
> full round-trip on the initial communication overhead.
> 
> For HTTP/1.x, where the client sends the request, there is *NO* saving
> on the abbreviated handshake (aka session resume).
> 
> Unless either the server's or the client's tls session management is
> significantly screwed, or majority of elements on the pages are completely
> scattered all over different servers, the performance benefit will be
> in the noise.  On reasonably configured, high-load servers I see
> 
>   full handshake : resumes
> 
>           98     : 2
> 
> if TLS session caching _works_.
> 
> And if session caching doesn't work, I see the CPU cores getting maxed out,
> so that the saved roundtrip latency on the full handshake is more
> than compensated by the CPU contention...
> 
> 
> -Martin
> 


From ekr@rtfm.com  Thu Apr 19 16:15:20 2012
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Apr 2012 16:14:38 -0700
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On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 4:27 AM, Marsh Ray <marsh@extendedsubset.com> wrote:
> On 04/18/2012 01:38 AM, Michael D'Errico wrote:
> It doesn't seem like a good idea to withhold numbers until last call. Those
> with a credible prospect of deploying and documenting a TLS extension ought
> to be able to reserve a number from the IANA for development and testing
> (and possible eventual adoption).

I don't see what "last call" has to do with it. This document has no formal
IETF status of any kind. I don't have a problem with pre-allocating numbers
for WG drafts, but that is not in fact the case here.

Note that one of the code points being used here is a "handshake_type",
which is allocated out of a 8-bit space. There are good reasons not to
have this space FCFS.

-Ekr

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Date: Thu, 19 Apr 2012 19:20:42 -0400
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From: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>
To: mrex@sap.com
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Cc: paul.hoffman@vpnc.org, aerowolf@gmail.com, tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 7:10 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> Typo on the =C2=A0full handshake : session resumes.
> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 2 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0: =C2=A0 =C2=A098

DHE/ECDHE makes a difference because, otherwise, an attacker can make
the client send data in a non-forward secure fashion by playing with
the handshake. (I don't believe that the signature in the
ServerKeyExchange signs anything useful in this situation.)

To the other point, your resumption rates are a lot better than mine :)

None the less, as a client, browsers frequently hit sites without
session resumption information. Either because it's a site that we've
never visited before, or because resumption information is only kept
in memory and browsers get restarted quite often.

The extra RTT to the server (without False Start) delays the fetch of
the initial HTML. That HTML frequently references blocking resources
on another HTTPS server, which, in turn, do the same thing. It's not
uncommon to go 3, 4 or even 5 layers deep with this. So we end taking
3, 4, or 5 extra RTTs due to the full handshakes.

That's why it's so attractive to remove round trips. Also keep in mind
that our biggest transport security problem is that most sites don't
use TLS at all and part of the reason is because of the additional
latency. So there's always complex tradeoffs between speed and
security in this domain.


Cheers

AGL

From ekr@rtfm.com  Thu Apr 19 16:21:21 2012
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Apr 2012 16:20:38 -0700
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 1:48 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>
>> > =A0- the real issue is about the management operation itself on the se=
rver.
>> > =A0 obtaining a new certificate from the CA typically requires mutual
>> > =A0 authentication, whereas obtaining a fresh OCSP staple can be
>> > =A0 performed over an insecure channel (followed by a validation that
>> > =A0 the info is valid).
>>
>> The assumption behind short-lived certiifcates is that they will be
>> provided over a public channel without authentication, precisely
>> as new OCSP responses can be. Certificates are public information
>> so as long as nothing has changed, you just reissue with the
>> same key.
>
> Sounds like an additional, brand-new enrollment protocol.

There's no additional enrollment involved. You just HTTP fetch the
certificate from a specified location in the cert.

-Ekr

From marsh@extendedsubset.com  Thu Apr 19 18:37:38 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On 04/19/2012 06:04 PM, Martin Rex wrote:
>
> I fail to understand what protection DHE provides over RSA.
>
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246#page-52
>
>        struct {
>            select (KeyExchangeAlgorithm) {
>                case dh_anon:
>                    ServerDHParams params;
>                case dhe_dss:
>                case dhe_rsa:
>                    ServerDHParams params;
>                    digitally-signed struct {
>                        opaque client_random[32];
>                        opaque server_random[32];
>                        ServerDHParams params;
>                    } signed_params;
>                case rsa:
>                case dh_dss:
>                case dh_rsa:
>                    struct {} ;
>                   /* message is omitted for rsa, dh_dss, and dh_rsa */
>                /* may be extended, e.g., for ECDH -- see [TLSECC] */
>            };
>        } ServerKeyExchange;
>
> The digital signature in the ServerKeyExchange handshake message
> IMO provides none such protection.

Yes, you're right. I was misremembering. Probably thinking of the 
Certificate Verify message, but of course that's in the other direction.

> The client_random is under full control of the attacker, the server_random
> is unpredictable by the client

Well, interestingly, the client_random and server_random actually are 
signed along with the DH params. So at least the client can verify those 
values.

I don't know why they didn't just sign over a hash of all handshake 
messages to that point like in Cert Verify. A design decision from back 
when there was only one protocol version supporting DHE at all and no 
extensions to worry about.

> FalseStart only makes sense in an environment, where the confidentiality
> protection applied to application data that is optimistically sent
> ahead of the handshake completion is deemed adequately strong to
> not be susceptible to brute force decryption or iterative guessing.

I think we should remember too that it's always the client's choice 
whether or not to start falsely. Even if it were a negotiated protocol 
feature it wouldn't commit the client to anything in advance, it only 
relaxes a sequencing constraint.

It also seems to require an API change: application code needs to hand 
the TLS stack some data in advance of a successful handshake result. 
Apps need to opt-in consciously.

I usually object to this line of reasoning, but it seems like the worst 
case is it turns out to be an exploitable browser bug of the sort that 
requires a MitM, less attractive to attackers than the drive-by 
exploitable sort of bug patched every week or two. So if a few 
closely-maintained client apps like browser vendors want to opt-in to 
it, that sounds like an honest risk-reward decision.

- Marsh

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Date: Thu, 19 Apr 2012 19:10:41 -0700
To: Geoffrey Keating <geoffk@geoffk.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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Good news. Thanks

On Apr 19, 2012, at 13:34, Geoffrey Keating <geoffk@geoffk.org> wrote:

> Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> writes:
>=20
>> On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 10:36 PM, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com> w=
rote:
>>> On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 12:03 AM, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
>>>> On Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 9:59 PM, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com> w=
rote:
>>>>> OCSP stapling cons:
>>>>>=20
>>>>>  - software/firmware changes required on TLS servers
>>>>=20
>>>> This is required as well for auto-refreshing of short-lived certs, and
>>>=20
>>> Not really: if there are any interfaces suitable for automation you
>>> can just automate the periodic installation of new certs.
>>=20
>> You wish. :)
>>=20
>> I believe that changing a cert in Apache, at least, involves
>> a restart.
>=20
> You can typically do it using 'apachectl graceful' without an
> interruption to service, the same as any other Apache configuration
> change.

From marsh@extendedsubset.com  Thu Apr 19 19:28:13 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] SPDY / NPN
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On 04/19/2012 06:14 PM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 4:27 AM, Marsh Ray<marsh@extendedsubset.com>  wrote:
>> On 04/18/2012 01:38 AM, Michael D'Errico wrote:
>> It doesn't seem like a good idea to withhold numbers until last call. Those
>> with a credible prospect of deploying and documenting a TLS extension ought
>> to be able to reserve a number from the IANA for development and testing
>> (and possible eventual adoption).
>
> I don't see what "last call" has to do with it.

My understanding from the RFC 5746 process was that 'In Last Call' 
status was the usual requirement to get an assignment. I think I got 
that impression from someone who was not particularly involved in [TLS] 
though.

> This document has no formal
> IETF status of any kind. I don't have a problem with pre-allocating numbers
> for WG drafts, but that is not in fact the case here.

I'd say that there's no set-in-stone policy against numbers for 
work-in-progress drafts is good news.

I don't know what exactly happened to make them believe that pursuing an 
RFC for False Start was a lost cause.

> Note that one of the code points being used here is a "handshake_type",
> which is allocated out of a 8-bit space. There are good reasons not to
> have this space FCFS.

Certainly these things need to be managed carefully.

However, in the 2.5 years or so I've been following [TLS] I think I've 
seen maybe 2 or 3 proposals that involved a new handshake record type. 
If by some strange (i.e., poorly coordinated) circumstances we ended up 
running low on free code points, we could easily assign one to indicate 
the presence of additional field at the beginning of the handshake data.

As it stands today a large percentage of web browsers will be using TLS 
extension type 13172 and handshake record type 67 for a specific 
purpose. Somebody ought to write this down somewhere, it might as well 
be the IANA.

- Marsh

From mrex@sap.com  Thu Apr 19 19:49:09 2012
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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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To: geoffk@geoffk.org (Geoffrey Keating)
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Geoffrey Keating wrote:
> 
> Eric Rescorla writes:
>> 
>> Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com> wrote:
>>>
>>> Not really: if there are any interfaces suitable for automation you
>>> can just automate the periodic installation of new certs.
>> 
>> You wish. :)
>> 
>> I believe that changing a cert in Apache, at least, involves
>> a restart.
> 
> You can typically do it using 'apachectl graceful' without an
> interruption to service, the same as any other Apache configuration
> change.

What is possible probably depends very much on the type
of Server you're using.

Does that work with Tomcat as well?


Our server does all connection management, TLS and the HTTP-protocol
processing within one multi-threaded process.  I added the
capability to update credentials and trust anchors gracefully
and transparently for the caller ~5 years ago, to get rid of
the process restart.

-Martin

From mrex@sap.com  Thu Apr 19 20:21:39 2012
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Adam Langley wrote:
> 
> On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 7:10 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> > Typo on the Â full handshake : session resumes.
> >                       2      :    98
> 
> DHE/ECDHE makes a difference because, otherwise, an attacker can make
> the client send data in a non-forward secure fashion by playing with
> the handshake. (I don't believe that the signature in the
> ServerKeyExchange signs anything useful in this situation.)

I'm lost.  traffic protection keys will be newly derived in the
same fashion from the premaster secret for both, DHE/ECDHE and RSA
by using the PRF.


> 
> To the other point, your resumption rates are a lot better than mine :)

If yours are worse than 4:96, then I strongly suspect problems with
your (or your clients) TLS session caching.

The 2:98 was measured on a big server (24 core) of a customer 6 years
ago who was facing significant load problems for two days every month
when a few million customers were trying to pick up their online billing
information.  The problem was due to a bug in the session caching
of our OEM TLS implementation when it reached the session cache limit
and purged the wrong session when adding to and already full cache,
resulting in a 98% full TLS handshakes and maxing out the CPUs.

By raising the default session cache size and lowering the time-based
expiration to 30min. the ratio reverse (98% resumes) and the CPU load
of the server dropped to the 10-20% range.


The impact of dysfunctional session caching is going to become
much worse with 2048-bit instead of 1024-bit RSA keys, because of
the 6-fold increase in processing times for RSA crypto operations.


> 
> None the less, as a client, browsers frequently hit sites without
> session resumption information. Either because it's a site that we've
> never visited before, or because resumption information is only kept
> in memory and browsers get restarted quite often.
> 
> The extra RTT to the server (without False Start) delays the fetch of
> the initial HTML. That HTML frequently references blocking resources
> on another HTTPS server, which, in turn, do the same thing. It's not
> uncommon to go 3, 4 or even 5 layers deep with this. So we end taking
> 3, 4, or 5 extra RTTs due to the full handshakes.

False can not possibly save on TLS session resumes with HTTP/1.x,
so I'm inclined to believe that your figures are be the result
of serious TLS session caching problems; and fixing those problems would
result in significantly higher improvement than FalseStart could achieve.

-Martin

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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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To: marsh@extendedsubset.com (Marsh Ray)
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Marsh Ray wrote:
> 
> > This document has no formal
> > IETF status of any kind. I don't have a problem with pre-allocating numbers
> > for WG drafts, but that is not in fact the case here.
> 
> I'd say that there's no set-in-stone policy against numbers for 
> work-in-progress drafts is good news.

The RFC that creates the IANA registry (usually the one that creates
the protocol in question) also defines the allocation policy for
registry values.  Often, the available number range is partitioned
into areas with different allocation policies.

  See the TLS registries here (textual):
  [1]   http://www.iana.org/assignments/tls-parameters/tls-parameters.txt

  [2]   http://www.iana.org/assignments/tls-extensiontype-values/tls-extensiontype-values.txt

and the allocation policies that the creator of the registry can choose from:
  [3]    http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp26#section-4.1


Handshake messages are defined in [1], allocation policy "Standards Action".
Extension types are defined in [2], allocation policy "IETF Consensus"


The issue with too strict rules is that it may simply get ignored,
and code points be "kidnapped".  So overly strict rules can result
in an near complete loss of control over people&ideas whose time has come.

"It's easier to ask forgiveness than it is to get permission."


-Martin

From n.mavrogiannopoulos@gmail.com  Fri Apr 20 00:53:41 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On 04/19/2012 02:38 PM, Marsh Ray wrote:


> There are other ways this could backfire. For example, if there were any
> extensions negotiated in the Hello exchange which were necessary for
> security. Are any extensions like that? I don't know. How about those
> extensions for the ECDH that "allow a client to negotiate the use of
> specific curves"? Certainly we'd have to be careful when adding future
> extensions how they might break in an FS environment.
> The ciphersuite selection could be faked. The attacker could trick the
> client into parsing a validly signed ServerRSAParams structure as a
> ServerDHParams structure, or vice versa.


Nice that you bring this up. I am working on attack involving
ServerDHParams and ServerECDHParams, and from what I have so far a
man in the middle attack is possible (with significant effort at
attacker's part though).

regards,
Nikos

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Cc: paul.hoffman@vpnc.org, aerowolf@gmail.com, tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Thu, Apr 19, 2012 at 11:21 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> I'm lost. =C2=A0traffic protection keys will be newly derived in the
> same fashion from the premaster secret for both, DHE/ECDHE and RSA
> by using the PRF.

If the client is willing to False Start with an RSA ciphersuite then
it'll be encrypting the premaster secret to a fixed public key (the
one in the server's certificate) and sending data protected by that
encryption. Therefore that data isn't forward secure because I can
break into the real server and steal its private key from its disk.

Many TLS servers don't do forward secrecy anyway, so there's no loss
there and one could make a fair argument that the attack is
unrealistic. None the less, that's the thinking behind the
requirement.

> False can not possibly save on TLS session resumes with HTTP/1.x,
> so I'm inclined to believe that your figures are be the result
> of serious TLS session caching problems; and fixing those problems would
> result in significantly higher improvement than FalseStart could achieve.

Of course we have significant resumption problems; this is the Internet :)

With my server-side hat on, we do everything we can but clients a)
don't do session resumption or b) restart quite often and flush their
caches. But if we assume that only competent clients will be doing
False Start anyway, we can discount a) as an advantage, certainly.

With my client-side hat on, many servers don't do session resumption
right. It's obscure and most administrators probably don't even know
that it exists. Fixing the world isn't something that I have the power
to do, so a client-side, unilateral change that can get us the same
effect is still very useful.



Cheers

AGL

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From: Andrei Popov <Andrei.Popov@microsoft.com>
To: "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Re: [TLS] What's the right version number in the PreMasterSecret for renegotiation
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Subject: Re: [TLS] What's the right version number in the PreMasterSecret for renegotiation
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Coming back to this thread, we are investigating the possible interoperabil=
ity and RFC compliance issues in Microsoft's SSL/TLS implementation.

Thanks for bringing this to our attention,

Andrei Popov,
Microsoft

On Tue, 10 Aug 2010 at 16:02:42 -0700, Michael D'Errico <mike-list@pobox.co=
m> wrote:
> The problematic handshake is:
>
>        ---->ClientHello v1.1----> (ask for an abbreviated handshake)
>        <---ServerHello V1.1<---   (not resumable, new session)
>        ...
>        --->PreMasterSecret (v1.2)---> (**)
>
> The version encoded within the PreMasterSecret is not the version
> that was used in the ClientHello.  That's a violation of the spec.
>
> The fact that the client does actually support version 1.2 is
> immaterial.  A server is not expected to have logic that keeps track
> of the highest version the client has ever offered in the past.



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Subject: Re: [TLS] What's the right version number in the PreMasterSecret for renegotiation
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While it would be good for clients to do this correctly, I've seen
many people argue that checking the version embedded inside an RSA
premaster secret serves no purpose other than to cause more failed
handshakes.  Version rollback protection is redundant since the
Finished messages also catch tampering.

So, yes, please fix any problems you find w.r.t. encoding the version
in the RSA premaster secret, but also consider turning off checking
in your servers (or make it configurable, disabled by default).

Mike


Andrei Popov wrote:
> Coming back to this thread, we are investigating the possible interoperability and RFC compliance issues in Microsoft's SSL/TLS implementation.
> 
> Thanks for bringing this to our attention,
> 
> Andrei Popov,
> Microsoft
> 
> On Tue, 10 Aug 2010 at 16:02:42 -0700, Michael D'Errico <mike-list@pobox.com> wrote:
>> The problematic handshake is:
>>
>>        ---->ClientHello v1.1----> (ask for an abbreviated handshake)
>>        <---ServerHello V1.1<---   (not resumable, new session)
>>        ...
>>        --->PreMasterSecret (v1.2)---> (**)
>>
>> The version encoded within the PreMasterSecret is not the version
>> that was used in the ClientHello.  That's a violation of the spec.
>>
>> The fact that the client does actually support version 1.2 is
>> immaterial.  A server is not expected to have logic that keeps track
>> of the highest version the client has ever offered in the past.

From code@funwithsoftware.org  Fri Apr 20 17:29:55 2012
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Martin Rex wrote:

> The issue with too strict rules is that it may simply get ignored,
> and code points be "kidnapped".  So overly strict rules can result
> in an near complete loss of control over people&ideas whose time has  
> come.
>
> "It's easier to ask forgiveness than it is to get permission."

It seems that ssh has a better way to handle this "experimental  
deployment" phase, since it uses strings, and allows domain-qualified  
private names.  (RFC 4250, section 4.6.1)

What about an extension that would allow TLS to do a similar thing?   
The extension would be sent by the client, and would declare its  
interpretation of "Private Use" numbers, by associating each number  
with a string.  (Which would have the "foo@example.com" format of ssh  
private names.)  Then, if the server understood this extension, it  
would simply use the Private Use numbers that the client proposed.

Once IANA allocates a number, the client can use the IANA-allocated  
number in its list of number/string pairs, instead of a Private Use  
number, so that it can interoperate both with servers that support  
this "number to string" extension but don't yet know about the new  
IANA number, and also with servers that do know about the IANA- 
allocated number, but don't support the "number to string" extension.   
Once enough servers know about the IANA-allocated number, the clients  
can stop listing it in their "number to string" list, to save space.

This would work for any registry which has a "private use" range,  
which from a quick look at the IANA registry, looks like: TLS  
Certificate Types, TLS ClientCertificateType Identifiers, TLS Cipher  
Suites, EC Named Curves, EC Point Formats, EC Curve Types, TLS  
Supplemental Data Formats, TLS UserMappingTypes, TLS  
SignatureAlgorithms, TLS HashAlgorithms, TLS Authorization Data  
Formats, and TLS Compression Method Identifiers.

There are some registries which don't have "private use" areas, so  
IANA would need to allocate a "private use" range in order to use them  
with this extension.  That would include: TLS ContentTypes, TLS  
Alerts, TLS HandshakeTypes, Heartbeat Message Types, Heartbeat Modes,  
and ExtensionTypes.

It seems like this would be an easy way to avoid the  
"kidnapping"/"number camping" problem.

--Patrick


From mrex@sap.com  Mon Apr 23 14:21:28 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos wrote:
> 
> Marsh Ray wrote:
>> 
>> There are other ways this could backfire. For example, if there were any
>> extensions negotiated in the Hello exchange which were necessary for
>> security. Are any extensions like that? I don't know. How about those
>> extensions for the ECDH that "allow a client to negotiate the use of
>> specific curves"? Certainly we'd have to be careful when adding future
>> extensions how they might break in an FS environment.
>> The ciphersuite selection could be faked. The attacker could trick the
>> client into parsing a validly signed ServerRSAParams structure as a
>> ServerDHParams structure, or vice versa.
> 
> Nice that you bring this up. I am working on attack involving
> ServerDHParams and ServerECDHParams, and from what I have so far a
> man in the middle attack is possible (with significant effort at
> attacker's part though).


Looking at the TLS full handshake:

  http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246#page-36

How about changing the ServerKeyExchange handshake message
to produce a digital signature over the handshake message hash
up to that point, i.e. ClientHello+ServerHello+opt. ServerCertificate
instead of only ClientRandom+ServerRandum,
plus the server key parameters as usual?

-Martin

From jmdesp@free.fr  Tue Apr 24 07:31:53 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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Eric Rescorla a écrit :
> It's also not entirely clear that short-lived certs
> don't cause clients to choke. They shouldn't, but don't and shouldn't
> aren't always the same.

They make time synchronization problems at lot more acute.
This can be interpreted as "causing them to choke", I'd expect the scale 
of the problem to be larger than the one with false start.

From nico@cryptonector.com  Tue Apr 24 07:39:29 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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On Tue, Apr 24, 2012 at 9:31 AM, Jean-Marc Desperrier <jmdesp@free.fr> wrot=
e:
> Eric Rescorla a =C3=A9crit :
>
>> It's also not entirely clear that short-lived certs
>> don't cause clients to choke. They shouldn't, but don't and shouldn't
>> aren't always the same.
>
>
> They make time synchronization problems at lot more acute.
> This can be interpreted as "causing them to choke", I'd expect the scale =
of
> the problem to be larger than the one with false start.

They don't have to be short-lived, just fresh.

From jmdesp@free.fr  Tue Apr 24 07:59:09 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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Eric Rescorla a écrit :
> WG members,
>
> At the meeting in Paris there was broad consensus to adopt Yngve's
> TLS Multi-Stapling draft
> (http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-pettersen-tls-ext-multiple-ocsp-03.txt).
>
> The WG chairs would like to confirm this consensus. Please send any
> comments by Wednesday April 25.

I support this as a working group item.

I also think the proposal would gain from allowing the OCSPResponseList 
to contain ARLs (authority revocation list) and not only OCSP token.

In my opinion, the cost is not big for the implementation, and they are 
real use cases, but this I mean a *lot* of deployed PKI that do not 
implement OCSP for intermediate certificates, but have an ARL available 
that is the same size, or smaller, than an OCSP token would be.

On another hand, I believe the ResponderID thing is not worth the effort.

In RFC2560, option 1 of 4.2.2.2 (locally configured responder) only 
works in a mutually agreed private context.
Option 2 and 3 (responder same as CA, responder with the 
id-ad-ocspSigning EKU) are the only one that work in a public context 
(and for example are mandated in the Mozilla policy) and they do not 
need this ResponderID thing.
Only option 1 would use it, when there's an ambiguity about which 
responder this specific client trusts, but then outside of multi-status 
there would be no way to get the same functionality with RFC2560.
So, including it seems to me to be implementation pain for extremely 
small and specific advantage.

From ynir@checkpoint.com  Tue Apr 24 11:14:49 2012
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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Apr 2012 21:14:42 +0300
Thread-Topic: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for acceptance on multi-stapling
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Hi Nico

On Apr 24, 2012, at 5:39 PM, Nico Williams wrote:

> On Tue, Apr 24, 2012 at 9:31 AM, Jean-Marc Desperrier <jmdesp@free.fr> wr=
ote:
>> Eric Rescorla a =E9crit :
>>=20
>>> It's also not entirely clear that short-lived certs
>>> don't cause clients to choke. They shouldn't, but don't and shouldn't
>>> aren't always the same.
>>=20
>>=20
>> They make time synchronization problems at lot more acute.
>> This can be interpreted as "causing them to choke", I'd expect the scale=
 of
>> the problem to be larger than the one with false start.
>=20
> They don't have to be short-lived, just fresh.

I don't understand the distinction. If a relying party (in our case, the br=
owser) requires that certificates are at most 24 hours old (presumably calc=
ulated by subtracting the current time from the notBefore field), what diff=
erence does it make if the notAfter field is 5 years in the future?

Yoav


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Subject: [TLS] Next Protocol Negotiation 03
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With httpbis active, several people have suggested that it's time to
make another pass at making NPN a little more formal.

Previous drafts have omitted some details so that the more important
aspects were clearer. Paul Hoffman also made a valiant attempt [2] at
making it more "IETF friendly" to see whether that would get anywhere.

In contrast, the current draft [1] is complete and sufficient to
produce an interoperable implementation with what's running on
www.google.com.

Perforce, it includes the current extension and handshake message
numbers. I understand that using these numbers without permission has
upset some people. However, we stand up, evaluate and tear down TLS
work at a rate far in excess of what the WG could usefully process.
Standardising every experiment before testing it would waste RFCs and
allocations, not to mention years. Therefore the extension and
handshake numbers were randomly generated.

NPN is included in several TLS implementations and used quite
regularly on the Internet and I would like the TLS WG to consider its
adoption.


Cheers

AGL


[1] https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-nextprotoneg-03
[2] https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-nextproto-00

From ynir@checkpoint.com  Wed Apr 25 05:05:03 2012
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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>
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Hi Adam

I support the adoption of NPN.

However, I would like to get a statement from Google, that if the output fr=
om the working group is different from what is running on Google's servers =
(and Chrome and Firefox) right now, those servers and clients will change t=
o match the standard. Otherwise, we are going to have one of two outcomes:
 - the TLS working group rubber-stamps Google's proposal, perhaps decoratin=
g it with some nice security considerations.
 - the TLS working group creates a different standard, and implementers can=
 choose between the Google NPN and the IETF NPN, and more that likely, impl=
ement both.

At HTTPBIS in Paris There was such a statement about SPDY. Can you make one=
 about NPN?

I can think of two things that might prove contentious:
 1. Using the extension and handshake numbers. I would hope that IANA assig=
ns those numbers rather than forcing a transition period, but that should n=
ot be a problem as both clients update without asking the user, and the ser=
vers are under your control. So it's not a problem either way.

 2. Some may consider the use of a new handshake message as superfluous. Yo=
u could have the client advertise that it supports http/1.1 and spdy/2.0, a=
nd then the server chooses one in the ServerHello. The downside is that an =
eavesdropper can then know what the protocol inside the TLS connection is. =
I don't know if the benefit of hiding that information is worth a new handh=
sake message, which also changes the state machine.

Yoav

On Apr 24, 2012, at 11:56 PM, Adam Langley wrote:

> With httpbis active, several people have suggested that it's time to
> make another pass at making NPN a little more formal.
>=20
> Previous drafts have omitted some details so that the more important
> aspects were clearer. Paul Hoffman also made a valiant attempt [2] at
> making it more "IETF friendly" to see whether that would get anywhere.
>=20
> In contrast, the current draft [1] is complete and sufficient to
> produce an interoperable implementation with what's running on
> www.google.com.
>=20
> Perforce, it includes the current extension and handshake message
> numbers. I understand that using these numbers without permission has
> upset some people. However, we stand up, evaluate and tear down TLS
> work at a rate far in excess of what the WG could usefully process.
> Standardising every experiment before testing it would waste RFCs and
> allocations, not to mention years. Therefore the extension and
> handshake numbers were randomly generated.
>=20
> NPN is included in several TLS implementations and used quite
> regularly on the Internet and I would like the TLS WG to consider its
> adoption.

From lloyd@randombit.net  Wed Apr 25 05:18:46 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Next Protocol Negotiation 03
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On Wed, Apr 25, 2012 at 03:05:00PM +0300, Yoav Nir wrote:

> 1. Using the extension and handshake numbers. I would hope that IANA
>  assigns those numbers rather than forcing a transition period, but
>  that should not be a problem as both clients update without asking
>  the user, and the servers are under your control. So it's not a
>  problem either way.

This seems to be assuming the only users for NPN are Firefox and
Chrome on the clients and Google's servers, but given that NPN is
already included in OpenSSL 1.0.1 and there seems to be substantial
interest in SPDY on the server side, it seems implausible that this
would still be true by the time the WG produced a modified NPN
extension.

-Jack

From agl@google.com  Wed Apr 25 06:09:26 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Next Protocol Negotiation 03
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On Wed, Apr 25, 2012 at 8:05 AM, Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com> wrote:
> However, I would like to get a statement from Google, that if the output =
from the working group is different from what is running on Google's server=
s (and Chrome and Firefox) right now, those servers and clients will change=
 to match the standard. Otherwise, we are going to have one of two outcomes=
:

I will have to check around before making a statement on behalf of
Google, but my personal inclination would be to adopt the result of
the WG. If the result differed, then Chrome/Firefox may support both
during the transition, which could be several years. (Google is not
the only large site using SPDY.)

> =C2=A01. Using the extension and handshake numbers.

I feel that the process around magic numbers is flawed and forcing a
renumbering would be an unfortunate amount of effort to serve very
abstract goals. None the less, I don't think that renumbering would be
a deal breaker.

> =C2=A02. Some may consider the use of a new handshake message as superflu=
ous.

We reached the point where we have to deploy over TLS with NPN, in
part, because of middleware interference. TLS's cryptography has been
a fairly effective barrier that has held the line below the transport
layer for the most part. (MITM proxies are the significant exception.)
Other protocols that lack cryptography (notably HTTP) are now
effectively frozen in place by buggy middleware in all directions.

Given this history, an NPN that allows middleware to 'filter' would
seem to be a short term solution at best.

We're also looking at other extensions, for example encrypted client
certs[1] (which have been suggested by others too), that also involve
encrypted handshake messages. So that state machine change may be be
useful for a range of needs.

[1] http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-encryptedclientcerts-00


Cheers

AGL

From internet-drafts@ietf.org  Wed Apr 25 06:19:49 2012
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Subject: [TLS] I-D Action: draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey-03.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies. This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security Working Grou=
p of the IETF.

	Title           : TLS Out-of-Band Public Key Validation
	Author(s)       : Paul Wouters
                          John Gilmore
                          Samuel Weiler
                          Tero Kivinen
                          Hannes Tschofenig
	Filename        : draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey-03.txt
	Pages           : 10
	Date            : 2012-04-25

   This document specifies a new TLS certificate type for exchanging raw
   public keys in Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport
   Layer Security (DTLS) for use with out-of-band public key validation.
   Currently, TLS authentication can only occur via X.509-based Public
   Key Infrastructure (PKI) or OpenPGP certificates.  By specifying a
   minimum resource for raw public key exchange, implementations can use
   alternative public key validation methods.

   One such alternative public key valiation method is offered by the
   DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) together with DNS
   Security.  Another alternative is to utilize pre-configured keys, as
   is the case with sensors and other embedded devices.  The usage of
   raw public keys, instead of X.509-based certificates, leads to a
   smaller code footprint.

   The support for raw public keys is introduced into TLS via a new non-
   PKIX certificate type.


A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey-03.txt

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/

This Internet-Draft can be retrieved at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey-03.txt

The IETF datatracker page for this Internet-Draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey/


From paul@nohats.ca  Wed Apr 25 06:22:04 2012
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From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
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The only change between the -02 and the -03 draft is the addition of:


3.5.  Client authentication

    Client authentication by the TLS server is supported only through
    authentication of the received client SubjectPublicKeyInfo via an
    out-of-band method


Paul


A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey-03.txt

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/

This Internet-Draft can be retrieved at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey-03.txt

The IETF datatracker page for this Internet-Draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey/


From n.mavrogiannopoulos@gmail.com  Wed Apr 25 08:16:05 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Next Protocol Negotiation 03
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On 04/24/2012 10:56 PM, Adam Langley wrote:


> Perforce, it includes the current extension and handshake message
> numbers. I understand that using these numbers without permission has
> upset some people. However, we stand up, evaluate and tear down TLS
> work at a rate far in excess of what the WG could usefully process.
> Standardising every experiment before testing it would waste RFCs and
> allocations, not to mention years. Therefore the extension and
> handshake numbers were randomly generated.


Some comments on the current draft. It is quite a complex negotiation.
My understanding is, that instead of having a simple:
ClientHello: I want protocols A, or B.
ServerHello: Let's talk A.

We have
ClientHello: I want to negotiate a protocol
ServerHello: I have A or B.
...
Client NPN message: Let's talk A.

That's really different from any other negotiation in TLS.
I understand that you might want to hide the protocol that
they are actually talking, but is this the way to do it?

Say that B is TOR. Wouldn't a middleware terminate the connection anyway
if the server supports tor? So that complication doesn't
really buy privacy or protection against middlewares.

I'd suggest that you define NPN using the simple ClientHello/ServerHello
methods, and then for privacy add a new extension NegotiatePrivate or so
that would exchange after Client ChangeCipherSpec:
ClientPrivateExtensions: client_hello_extension_list<0..2^16-1>;

and after the server Changecipherspec:
ServerPrivateExtensions: server_hello_extension_list<0..2^16-1>;

and this format is not NPN specific. Any extension
can be negotiated like that.


regards,
Nikos

From marsh@extendedsubset.com  Wed Apr 25 08:58:22 2012
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On 04/25/2012 08:09 AM, Adam Langley wrote:
>
> We're also looking at other extensions, for example encrypted client
> certs[1] (which have been suggested by others too), that also involve
> encrypted handshake messages. So that state machine change may be be
> useful for a range of needs.

So if we are going to change the state machine in a generally more 
useful way, why not make the change more general?

I.e., instead of

> struct {
>      opaque selected_protocol<0..255>;
>      opaque padding<0..255>;
>    } NextProtocol;

We could define something closely analogous to a Hello message extension 
area, records sent immediately after the CCS in their respective directions:

struct {
     Extension extensions<0..2^16-1>;
} ClientAdditionalExtensions;
struct {
     Extension extensions<0..2^16-1>;
} ServerAdditionalExtensions;

thus re-using the definition of 'Extension' from RFC 5246.

The use of these ClientServerAdditionalExtensions record could be 
negotiated with (what else?) a new extension. We could call it the 
AdditionalExtensionsNegotiationExtension, but maybe there's a better 
name. I envision this extension could be sent on the Client Hello and 
replied to on the Server Hello if this feature is negotiated.

We could define this Client Hello extension to be empty, or it might be 
useful to have it list the ExtensionTypes for which the actual data will 
be sent in the CAE and those for which the reply is required to be sent 
in the SAE record after the CCS.

The extension sent in reply on the Server Hello reply would indicate the 
feature was negotiated successfully. It could list the ExtensionTypes 
for which the use of was negotiated successfully, but the actual reply 
payload will be found in the SAE after the CCS.

There are considerations for resumed handshakes because the server CCS 
comes before the client CCS. But there are already such considerations: 
"Most current TLS extensions are relevant only when a session is 
initiated: when an older session is resumed, the server does not process 
these extensions in Client Hello, and does not include them in Server 
Hello.  However, some extensions may specify different behavior during 
session resumption." [RFC5246]

This would enable implementors to take the pain of modifying their state 
machines once while also enabling other extensions to benefit from the 
privacy enhancement.

Thus, the definition of next_protocol remains nearly the same, except 
that it is now the "extension data" field of a proper 
next_protocol_negotiation type extension.

We'd have to decide which (if any) of the currently defined extension 
types should be considered incompatible with this new feature, but it 
seems like most would transition smoothly. Few current extensions seem 
to affect handshake messages between the Hellos and the CCS. Nor does it 
seem likely that many will specify different behavior during session 
resumption."

- Marsh

From marsh@extendedsubset.com  Wed Apr 25 09:09:56 2012
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On 04/25/2012 10:15 AM, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos wrote:
>
> Say that B is TOR. Wouldn't a middleware terminate the connection anyway
> if the server supports tor? So that complication doesn't
> really buy privacy or protection against middlewares.

Tor is actively engaged in a fascinating tit-for-tat contest with 
protocol censors. In fact, they are developing methods precisely to make 
it impractical for unauthorized middleboxen to actually determine "if 
the server supports Tor".

It's an evolving situation and I expect it will continue to evolve 
faster than, say, IETF protocols. :-) So I don't think it's a useful 
indicator of the effectiveness of any proposed TLS protocol features.

- Marsh

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On Wed, Apr 25, 2012 at 11:15 AM, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
<nmav@gnutls.org> wrote:
> Say that B is TOR. Wouldn't a middleware terminate the connection anyway
> if the server supports tor? So that complication doesn't
> really buy privacy or protection against middlewares.

The idea would be that the server doesn't advertise Tor, or any other
possibly suspect protocol. Rather the client would simply select "tor"
as the protocol.

The fact that the server advertises is unfortunate, but necessary to
avoid an extra round trip. I'd rather see NPN in the clear as a
standard ClientHello/ServerHello negotiation then take an extra round
trip.


Cheers

AGL

From mike-list@pobox.com  Wed Apr 25 09:42:41 2012
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Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos wrote:
> 
> My understanding is, that instead of having a simple:
> ClientHello: I want protocols A, or B.
> ServerHello: Let's talk A.
> 
> We have
> ClientHello: I want to negotiate a protocol
> ServerHello: I have A or B.
> ...
> Client NPN message: Let's talk A.
> 
> That's really different from any other negotiation in TLS.
> I understand that you might want to hide the protocol that
> they are actually talking, but is this the way to do it?

Hiding the protocol is problematic if the server wants to use
the NextProtocol as part of its certificate selection process.
It would need to be in the ClientHello extension.

Also, if we're going to go down the road of sending Handshake
messages after ChangeCipherSpec (NPN, concealed client cert),
then I'd suggest that there should be no order imposed on these
messages; otherwise the state machine logic could get unwieldy
quickly, not to mention the difficulty in writing the specs.

Further, we should not create another registry of protocol
names (the Google Tech Note lists "http/1.1", "spdy/1", and
"spdy/2" as being in use).  Please leverage the existing IANA
list of well-known services for this (so we don't need to
duplicate definitions for "smtp", "imap4", etc.), along with
the standard "x-" prefix for anything experimental like SPDY
("x-google-spdy-2" as an example).

Mike

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On Wed, Apr 25, 2012 at 11:42 AM, Michael D'Errico <mike-list@pobox.com> wr=
ote:
> Further, we should not create another registry of protocol
> names (the Google Tech Note lists "http/1.1", "spdy/1", and
> "spdy/2" as being in use). =C2=A0Please leverage the existing IANA
> list of well-known services for this (so we don't need to
> duplicate definitions for "smtp", "imap4", etc.), along with
> the standard "x-" prefix for anything experimental like SPDY
> ("x-google-spdy-2" as an example).

I disagree.  First, TCP port numbers are a scarce resource, and one
thing we should have learned by now is that creating scarce resources
=3D=3D creating problems.  Second, the chances are that the set of TCP
port number services and NPN protocols will not be one be a subset of
the other.  Why waste a port number (or add an alias to one) if it
will never be used?  Third, why the heck should anyone have to
register their service protocol names?  That only ever made sense in
the context of a scarce resource (port numbers).

I'm with those who want SSHv2-style extension naming (i.e.,
name@domain).  It's worked great for SSHv2.  (The one major
extensibility issue for SSv2 has been its initial handshake, which is
not easily extensible, and the one reserved field in it has not been
implemented consistently, so it's useless in that regard, which has
led to some degree of signalling through fake algorithm identifiers.)

Nico
--

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On Wed, Apr 25, 2012 at 11:58 AM, Marsh Ray <marsh@extendedsubset.com> wrote:
> We could define something closely analogous to a Hello message extension
> area, records sent immediately after the CCS in their respective directions:

This would appear to be very close to to what Nikos suggested. But
this is important an important point:

> There are considerations for resumed handshakes because the server CCS comes
> before the client CCS.

If NPN were a property of the session, then we wouldn't have to burn
an extra round trip when negotiating encrypted extensions with an
resumed handshake.

It still precludes False Start, but I'm not adverse to making NPN a
property of the session - it just makes the code a little more
complex.


Cheers

AGL

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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

On 4/25/12 10:42 AM, Michael D'Errico wrote:

> Further, we should not create another registry of protocol names
> (the Google Tech Note lists "http/1.1", "spdy/1", and "spdy/2" as
> being in use).  Please leverage the existing IANA list of
> well-known services for this (so we don't need to duplicate
> definitions for "smtp", "imap4", etc.), along with the standard
> "x-" prefix for anything experimental like SPDY ("x-google-spdy-2"
> as an example).

Folks in the security area might think differently, but over in the
applications area we're working to deprecate the "x-" prefix:

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-appsawg-xdash/

In fact it's on tomorrow's IESG telechat, so poke the Security ADs
right now if you have concerns. :)

Peter

- -- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/


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I think you misunderstood what I meant.  I don't want to use
port numbers, but rather the service names such as "smtp" and
"imap" which have already been registered with IANA.  No need
to create a duplicate registry for use in TLS NPN.

I am unfamiliar with SSH at the protocol level, so was unaware
of its extension naming.  Would "spdy/2@google.com" be an
example of how to name non-IANA things?  Looks good to me.

Mike



Nico Williams wrote:
> On Wed, Apr 25, 2012 at 11:42 AM, Michael D'Errico <mike-list@pobox.com> wrote:
>> Further, we should not create another registry of protocol
>> names (the Google Tech Note lists "http/1.1", "spdy/1", and
>> "spdy/2" as being in use).  Please leverage the existing IANA
>> list of well-known services for this (so we don't need to
>> duplicate definitions for "smtp", "imap4", etc.), along with
>> the standard "x-" prefix for anything experimental like SPDY
>> ("x-google-spdy-2" as an example).
> 
> I disagree.  First, TCP port numbers are a scarce resource, and one
> thing we should have learned by now is that creating scarce resources
> == creating problems.  Second, the chances are that the set of TCP
> port number services and NPN protocols will not be one be a subset of
> the other.  Why waste a port number (or add an alias to one) if it
> will never be used?  Third, why the heck should anyone have to
> register their service protocol names?  That only ever made sense in
> the context of a scarce resource (port numbers).
> 
> I'm with those who want SSHv2-style extension naming (i.e.,
> name@domain).  It's worked great for SSHv2.  (The one major
> extensibility issue for SSv2 has been its initial handshake, which is
> not easily extensible, and the one reserved field in it has not been
> implemented consistently, so it's useless in that regard, which has
> led to some degree of signalling through fake algorithm identifiers.)
> 
> Nico

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Subject: Re: [TLS] Next Protocol Negotiation 03
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On Wed, Apr 25, 2012 at 1:12 PM, Michael D'Errico <mike-list@pobox.com> wro=
te:
> I think you misunderstood what I meant. =C2=A0I don't want to use
> port numbers, but rather the service names such as "smtp" and
> "imap" which have already been registered with IANA. =C2=A0No need
> to create a duplicate registry for use in TLS NPN.

Right, but those names got with port numbers...

> I am unfamiliar with SSH at the protocol level, so was unaware
> of its extension naming. =C2=A0Would "spdy/2@google.com" be an
> example of how to name non-IANA things? =C2=A0Looks good to me.

Yes, that.  Works great!

Nico
--

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--14dae934083b00766e04be853434
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On Wed Apr 25 14:29:57 GMT-400 2012, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>
wrote:

> Yes, that. Works great!
>
Rather, I think it would be "spdy@google.com/2". None the less, I'm
perfectly happy with that if it avoids extra IANA work.


Cheers

AGL

--14dae934083b00766e04be853434
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On Wed Apr 25 14:29:57 GMT-400 2012, Nico Williams &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ni=
co@cryptonector.com">nico@cryptonector.com</a>&gt; wrote:=C2=A0<br><div cla=
ss=3D"gmail_quote"><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 =
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<p>Yes, that.  Works great!</p></blockquote><div>Rather, I think it would b=
e &quot;<a href=3D"http://spdy@google.com/2">spdy@google.com/2</a>&quot;. N=
one the less, I&#39;m perfectly happy with that if it avoids extra IANA wor=
k.</div>
<div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Cheers</div><div><br></div><div>AGL</div=
></div>

--14dae934083b00766e04be853434--

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From: Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>
To: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Next Protocol Negotiation 03
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On Wed, Apr 25, 2012 at 1:40 PM, Adam Langley <agl@google.com> wrote:
> On Wed Apr 25 14:29:57 GMT-400 2012, Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>
> wrote:
>>
>> Yes, that. Works great!
>
> Rather, I think it would be "spdy@google.com/2". None the less, I'm
> perfectly happy with that if it avoids extra IANA work.

In SSHv2 the rule is <name>@<DNS domainname>, so it'd have to be
spdy2@google.com, or some such.  But tonce we've agreed to the
principle, the exact form of the identifier is much less important.  I
don't mind if we went with <name>@<domain>[/<fragment>], or better
yet: tag URIs (RFC4151) (name@domain is slightly less verbose, but
whatever).

Nico
--

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On 04/25/2012 11:40 AM, Adam Langley wrote:
>
> The idea would be that the server doesn't advertise Tor, or any other
> possibly suspect protocol. Rather the client would simply select "tor"
> as the protocol.
>
> The fact that the server advertises is unfortunate, but necessary to
> avoid an extra round trip. I'd rather see NPN in the clear as a
> standard ClientHello/ServerHello negotiation then take an extra round
> trip.

I don't speak for the Tor project, but I don't think this design is 
going to meet anyone's requirements for serious censorship resistance.

Nevertheless, giving some privacy to the significant bits of the 
handshake in a way that is more latency-friendly than full renegotiation 
is very appealing. It seems likely to enable new and interesting 
applications, SPDY is just one good example.

Unfortunately, we must keep in mind that anything sent before receiving 
the other endpoint's Finished message is going to raise similar 
considerations as False Start. The security guarantees provided to this 
data are somewhat squishy, as they tend to depend on all sorts of 
not-yet-fully authenticated details of the in-progress negotiation. As 
we saw with ServerKeyExchange DHE_RSA/ECDH, even the future introduction 
of new key exchanges and cipher suites can change these properties.

In the case of something like NP(N), a MitM might utilize a downgrade 
attack which allows him to decrypt the client's NP record (possibly 
offline). This could break the handshake, but clients are so eager to 
retry the user might not even notice.

So maybe any facility for "privately" negotiating handshake extensions 
ought to be held to a clear standard lest we invite disaster, namely, it 
should provide the same security guarantees as are provided to 
application data.

- Marsh

From mike-list@pobox.com  Wed Apr 25 12:58:02 2012
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Adam Langley wrote:
> 
> The fact that the server advertises is unfortunate, but necessary to
> avoid an extra round trip. I'd rather see NPN in the clear as a
> standard ClientHello/ServerHello negotiation then take an extra round
> trip.

I think we can accommodate both "styles" of NPN with one extension:

    A) If the client sends an empty ExtensionData, then behave
       the way it is currently defined by the Technical Note.

    B) Otherwise if the client sends a list of protocol strings
       in its ExtensionData, then the server chooses the first
       one it supports and responds with it.

    C) Sending an empty list would have to be defined as either
       an error (server responds with a fatal alert) or to be the
       same as (A).

Mike

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Nasko asked that I forward this message to the list.  Apologies
if you've already received it.

Mike

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From: Nasko Oskov <nasko@netsekure.org>
To: Michael D'Errico <mike-list@pobox.com>
Cc: Andrei Popov <Andrei.Popov@microsoft.com>, "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [TLS] What's the right version number in the PreMasterSecret for renegotiation
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On Fri, Apr 20, 2012 at 11:42:47AM -0700, Michael D'Errico wrote:
> While it would be good for clients to do this correctly, I've seen
> many people argue that checking the version embedded inside an RSA
> premaster secret serves no purpose other than to cause more failed
> handshakes.  Version rollback protection is redundant since the
> Finished messages also catch tampering.

I'm with Michael on this. I've discussed this privately with a few
people few months ago and the consensus seems to be that from security
perspective it is not needed anymore with one caveat - no SSLv2 fallback
allowed.

The premaster version check was added to prevent the downgrade to SSLv2,
so if SSLv2 is disabled, there is very little use of the value in current
TLS implementations.
 
> So, yes, please fix any problems you find w.r.t. encoding the version
> in the RSA premaster secret, but also consider turning off checking
> in your servers (or make it configurable, disabled by default).

It is best to be configurable, with the default off.

--
Nasko Oskov
"A hacker does for love what others would not do for money."



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This is an announcement of working group last call for =
draft-ietf-tls-oob-pubkey-03.txt.  Please complete reviews and send =
comments to the TLS list by Friday May 18, 2012. =20



From simon@josefsson.org  Thu Apr 26 01:23:03 2012
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I generally support the idea behind this document, and the document
looks in reasonable good shape.  Please find my review comments below.

Major concerns:

1) Section 3.1 and 3.2 more or less duplicate section 3.1 and 3.2 of RFC
6091.  Wouldn't it be better to describe the RawPublicKey
CertificateType alone, rather than duplicating the entire
CertificateType extension?  There is a risk that this document says
something different than RFC 6091, which ought to be the canonical place
for the definition of the "cert_type" extension.  If this document moves
forward, we'll effectively have two specifications of the "cert_type"
extension.  The IANA registry points at RFC 6091.  This seems bad from a
standards process point of view.  My suggestion is to normatively
reference RFC 60961 (and call out that in the LC announcement) and
specify the RawPublicKey "cert_type" extension only.

2) The "Security Considerations" says that the main challenge with raw
public keys over keys in X.509/OpenPGP is how to associate the public
key with a specific entity.  However, I believe the problem is larger
than that, and there is a similar challenge for several other forms of
metadata about a public key.  It is not only the identity of a key that
can have significant impact on system security.  Other kind of metadata
(for example "do not use this public key after the year 2015") can be
critical for secure deployments.  I suggest to add a final paragraph to
discuss this.

Minor concerns:

1)
   Currently, TLS authentication can only occur via X.509-based Public
   Key Infrastructure (PKI) or OpenPGP certificates.  By specifying a

Replace 'TLS authentication' with 'TLS public-key authentication', as
TLS supports several non-X509/OpenPGP forms of authentication.

2)
   One such alternative public key valiation method is offered by the
                                       ^

typo

3)
   The support for raw public keys is introduced into TLS via a new non-
   PKIX certificate type.

I suggest to drop 'non-PKIX'.  It is non-OpenPGP too, but neither is
relevant.  The document define a new certificate type, period.

4)
   to-server communication.  As part of the manufacturing process, the
   embeded device may be configured with the address and the public key
   of a dedicated CoAP server, as well as a public key for the client
                                            ^^^^^^^^^^
   itself.  The usage of X.509-based PKIX certificates [PKIX] may not

Shouldn't that be 'private key'?  Or at least 'public and private key'.

5)
Section 3:
   the certificate payloads only contain the SubjectPublicKeyInfo

There should be a reference to [PKIX] here, since SubjectPublicKeyInfo
is defined there and it is important to be able to find that definition.

/Simon

From marsh@extendedsubset.com  Thu Apr 26 10:12:32 2012
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On 04/25/2012 02:32 PM, Marsh Ray wrote:
>
> I don't speak for the Tor project, but I don't think this design is
> going to meet anyone's requirements for serious censorship resistance.
>
> Nevertheless, giving some privacy to the significant bits of the
> handshake in a way that is more latency-friendly than full renegotiation
> is very appealing. It seems likely to enable new and interesting
> applications, SPDY is just one good example.

Just an update, I've made contact with the Tor project. As heavy users 
of TLS, they are interested in the direction the protocol evolves. They 
may also have some useful input here on this issue of privacy of 
handshake records.

- Marsh

From mrex@sap.com  Thu Apr 26 10:21:05 2012
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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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Marsh Ray wrote:
> 
> On 04/25/2012 02:32 PM, Marsh Ray wrote:
> >
> > I don't speak for the Tor project, but I don't think this design is
> > going to meet anyone's requirements for serious censorship resistance.
> >
> > Nevertheless, giving some privacy to the significant bits of the
> > handshake in a way that is more latency-friendly than full renegotiation
> > is very appealing. It seems likely to enable new and interesting
> > applications, SPDY is just one good example.
> 
> Just an update, I've made contact with the Tor project. As heavy users 
> of TLS, they are interested in the direction the protocol evolves. They 
> may also have some useful input here on this issue of privacy of 
> handshake records.

  http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4680

describes two additional generic handshake messages in the cleartext
part of the TLS handshake.

Maybe we should define something similar for the encrypted part of
the handshake, so that we don't have to add new handshake messages
for every new feature?


-Martin

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On Thu, Apr 26, 2012 at 1:21 PM, Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com> wrote:
> Maybe we should define something similar for the encrypted part of
> the handshake, so that we don't have to add new handshake messages
> for every new feature?

Indeed, folks seem to be leaning towards wanting more generic support
for extensions under encryption. Having a "client offers, server
selects" extension exchange after the ChangeCipherSpecs is perfectly
possible, although at the cost of precluding False Starting a full
handshake. False Start isn't a real TLS feature of course, but we're
currently pondering how much we want to be able to support it, and how
much we want NPN under encryption.

Also, if there's a generic "secure" extension exchange after the CCS,
it has the same concerns as False Start. i.e. an attacker can perform
a downgrade attack on it. For False Start we say that if the
ciphersuite isn't strong enough, we simply won't do it. But having a
TLS feature switch on and off like that seems untenable.

So, in short, "still thinking".


Cheers

AGL

From paul@nohats.ca  Thu Apr 26 10:57:46 2012
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From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
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On Thu, 26 Apr 2012, Simon Josefsson wrote:

> Major concerns:
>
> 1) Section 3.1 and 3.2 more or less duplicate section 3.1 and 3.2 of RFC
> 6091.  Wouldn't it be better to describe the RawPublicKey
> CertificateType alone, rather than duplicating the entire
> CertificateType extension?

I think you are right. This was originally done because it started as
a new TLS extension, and then also covered what has now been moved to
cached-objects.

> 2) The "Security Considerations" says that the main challenge with raw
> public keys over keys in X.509/OpenPGP is how to associate the public
> key with a specific entity.  However, I believe the problem is larger
> than that, and there is a similar challenge for several other forms of
> metadata about a public key.  It is not only the identity of a key that
> can have significant impact on system security.  Other kind of metadata
> (for example "do not use this public key after the year 2015") can be
> critical for secure deployments.  I suggest to add a final paragraph to
> discuss this.

Sounds reasonable. Will do.

> Minor concerns:

All fixed as per your suggestions.

Paul

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Subject: Re: [TLS] Next Protocol Negotiation 03
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Adam Langley wrote:

> On Thu, Apr 26, 2012 at 1:21 PM, Martin Rex <mrex at sap.com> wrote:
> > Maybe we should define something similar for the encrypted part of
> > the handshake, so that we don't have to add new handshake messages
> > for every new feature?
> 
> Indeed, folks seem to be leaning towards wanting more generic support
> for extensions under encryption. Having a "client offers, server
> selects" extension exchange after the ChangeCipherSpecs is perfectly
> possible, although at the cost of precluding False Starting a full
> handshake. False Start isn't a real TLS feature of course, but we're
> currently pondering how much we want to be able to support it, and how
> much we want NPN under encryption.
> 
> Also, if there's a generic "secure" extension exchange after the CCS,
> it has the same concerns as False Start. i.e. an attacker can perform
> a downgrade attack on it. For False Start we say that if the
> ciphersuite isn't strong enough, we simply won't do it. But having a
> TLS feature switch on and off like that seems untenable.
> 
> So, in short, "still thinking".
> 
> 
> Cheers
> 
> AGL

Minimizing the unnecessary unencrypted information in TLS seems like a
wise idea, and post-CCS TLS extensions is a good first step in that
direction.

Defining the use cases and the threat model of post-CCS extensions is
probably a useful thing to do at this point.

For example, thinking about use cases, there are TLS extensions that
can't be placed post-CCS, like the ECC extensions or SessionTicket,
since they concern the SSL key exchange. At the same time, TLS
extensions like server_name, RI or NPN make sense post-CCS.

With regards to the threat model, post-CCS extensions should probably
share the exact same threat model as pre-CCS extensions, since they
both happen before the Finished record (for example, putting
application data on them is not a good idea).

Talking about threat models, the "client offers, server selects" model
might be susceptible to brute-force extension enumeration attacks, and
if 'secret TLS extensions' are considered useful, the protocol should
be designed appropriately.

Getting a bit funkier (since the state machine is a-changing these
days) maybe it makes sense to add a post-auth post-Finished phase to
TLS, so that "supplemental data" can be exchanged without the fear of
an MITM.

PS: Sorry for screwing up the threading; I am not subscribed to the
list and the ML web archive does not expose Message-IDs.

From tom@ritter.vg  Fri Apr 27 07:53:55 2012
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> Defining the use cases and the threat model of post-CCS extensions is
> probably a useful thing to do at this point.
> ...
> With regards to the threat model, post-CCS extensions should probably
> share the exact same threat model as pre-CCS extensions, since they
> both happen before the Finished record (for example, putting
> application data on them is not a good idea).
> ...
> Getting a bit funkier (since the state machine is a-changing these
> days) maybe it makes sense to add a post-auth post-Finished phase to
> TLS, so that "supplemental data" can be exchanged without the fear of
> an MITM.

I think I'm in the minority here, but I tend to distinguish passive
and active attacks significantly, and into different threat models.
We've seen evidence of widescale passive 'attacks'/taps on the
government level, and more commonly on the corporate level - the
evidence indicates that passive taps are pervasive, orders of
magnitude more common than the active attacks we've seen in Syria,
Iran, and corporate environments.

Post-CCS extensions are good against passive attacks, but not active
ones.  This was discussed at length a little bit ago when talking
about Encrypted Client certificates where the threat model moved (from
my perception) from preventing passive observation to preventing an
active attempt to learn the client's identity by altering the
handshake detectably.

There's potentially two state machine changes here. Post-CCS,
Pre-Finish - where the tradeoff of performance is better than
resistance from active attacks: perhaps SNI.  And Post-Finish for
things that should resist active attacks: such as encrypted client
certificates.

-tom

From desnacked@riseup.net  Thu Apr 26 19:51:12 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Next Protocol Negotiation 03
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Adam Langley wrote:

> On Thu, Apr 26, 2012 at 1:21 PM, Martin Rex <mrex at sap.com> wrote:
> > Maybe we should define something similar for the encrypted part of
> > the handshake, so that we don't have to add new handshake messages
> > for every new feature?
> 
> Indeed, folks seem to be leaning towards wanting more generic support
> for extensions under encryption. Having a "client offers, server
> selects" extension exchange after the ChangeCipherSpecs is perfectly
> possible, although at the cost of precluding False Starting a full
> handshake. False Start isn't a real TLS feature of course, but we're
> currently pondering how much we want to be able to support it, and how
> much we want NPN under encryption.
> 
> Also, if there's a generic "secure" extension exchange after the CCS,
> it has the same concerns as False Start. i.e. an attacker can perform
> a downgrade attack on it. For False Start we say that if the
> ciphersuite isn't strong enough, we simply won't do it. But having a
> TLS feature switch on and off like that seems untenable.
> 
> So, in short, "still thinking".
> 
> 
> Cheers
> 
> AGL

Minimizing the unnecessary unencrypted information in TLS seems like a
wise idea, and post-CCS TLS extensions is a good first step in that
direction.

Defining the use cases and the threat model of post-CCS extensions is
probably a useful thing to do at this point.

For example, thinking about use cases, there are TLS extensions that
can't be placed post-CCS, like the ECC extensions or SessionTicket,
since they concern the SSL key exchange. At the same time, TLS
extensions like server_name, RI or NPN make sense post-CCS.

With regards to the threat model, post-CCS extensions should probably
share the exact same threat model as pre-CCS extensions, since they
both happen before the Finished record (for example, putting
application data on them is not a good idea).

Talking about threat models, the "client offers, server selects" model
might be susceptible to brute-force extension enumeration attacks, and
if 'secret TLS extensions' are considered useful, the protocol should
be designed appropriately.

Getting a bit funkier (since the state machine is a-changing these
days) maybe it makes sense to add a post-auth post-Finished phase to
TLS, so that "supplemental data" can be exchanged without the fear of
an MITM.

PS: Sorry for screwing up the threading; I am not subscribed to the
list and the ML web archive does not expose Message-IDs.


From henry.story@bblfish.net  Mon Apr 30 09:47:04 2012
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From: Henry Story <henry.story@bblfish.net>
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TLS currently helps one know that when opens a connection to a service =
(domain:port pair)
one is actually connected to the machine that officially owns that =
domain. It does not
give one the big picture of what kind of entity one is actually =
connected to:
ie. it does not answer the following questions:

 - is this a legal entity?
 - which country is it based in (or which legal framework is it =
responsible to)
 - who are the owners
 - what kind of organisation is it? (individual, bank, commerce, school, =
university, charity...)

In a recent talk I gave at the European Identity conference in Biel, =
Switzerland, I looked=20
at how this extra information could be made available by using WebID and =
Linked Data, published
by official entities in ways that gave those documents legal weight. =
This would not be technically
very difficult to do, but would provide huge benefits to the web. It =
could increase trust=20
in the way people use the web, and it could enable commerce in a much =
broader way that hitherto
found on the web.

  I put this presentation up on my blog with the title "WebID and =
Commerce"=20
   http://bblfish.net/blog/2012/04/30/

WebID is just the art of tying TLS into the linked data world, which is =
the framework that
has been developed under the guidance of Tim Berners Lee. So it brings =
two worlds together,
which is why I am cross posting here. It seems like an idea with a lot =
of potential.

	Henry

Social Web Architect
http://bblfish.net/


From mrex@sap.com  Mon Apr 30 10:16:51 2012
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From: Martin Rex <mrex@sap.com>
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Henry Story wrote:
> 
> TLS currently helps one know that when opens a connection to a service
> (domain:port pair) one is actually connected to the machine that
> officially owns that domain.

That sounds backwards from what it is.

A DNS domain owner can obtain TLS server certificates for hosts in
his domain.  So when a TLS server shows a cert with a DNS Name in it
that chains to one of the RootCAs known in the TLS X.509 PKI as known
by common web browsers, then one assumes that this cert was obtained
by someone who could demonstrate to the relevant CA to be an admin
for that DNS domain.

For domain validated (DV) certs, the ability to receive the DNS admins
EMail is all that is verified.  Nowadays, DV-certs seem not to contain
any other data in subject and subject alt name about the cert requestor
besides the DNS hostname for which the cert was requested.


>
> It does not give one the big picture of
> what kind of entity one is actually connected to:
> ie. it does not answer the following questions:
> 
>  - is this a legal entity?
>  - which country is it based in (or which legal framework is it responsible to)
>  - who are the owners
>  - what kind of organisation is it?
>    (individual, bank, commerce, school, university, charity...)


That information is completely irrelavant to TLS and to the existing
server endpoint identification schemes on top of TLS (rfc2818,rfc6125).

The CABForum has defined schemes to verify additional attributes about
certificate requestors, which can be places as verified/vetted attributes
in "organzation verified" (OV) and "extended validation" (EV) certs,
but these come at a signficant extra cost, and that extra information is
only meaningful to human beings.


> 
> In a recent talk I gave at the European Identity conference in Biel,
> Switzerland, I looked at how this extra information could be made
> available by using WebID and Linked Data, published by official entities
> in ways that gave those documents legal weight. This would not be
> technically very difficult to do, but would provide huge benefits
> to the web.

While OV- and EV-certs may provide additional benefits to users who
actually verify these attributes, the information is irrelevant for "the web".


>
> It could increase trust in the way people use the web,
> and it could enable commerce in a much broader way that hitherto
> found on the web.

"The Web" is glued together with URLs, which distinguish places
_only_ by DNS Names, nothing else.  An URL does not distinguish
ACME bank from ACME fireworks, and there is no rule which of them
was first to register a particular DNS domain name.

So IMHO, the only way you could "increase (percieved) trust in the web"
would be to significantly deceive users about the underlying technology.

 
-Martin


From nico@cryptonector.com  Mon Apr 30 10:31:28 2012
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Fixing TLS Trust
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On Mon, Apr 30, 2012 at 11:46 AM, Henry Story <henry.story@bblfish.net> wro=
te:
> TLS currently helps one know that when opens a connection to a service (d=
omain:port pair)
> one is actually connected to the machine that officially owns that domain=
. It does not
> give one the big picture of what kind of entity one is actually connected=
 to:
> ie. it does not answer the following questions:
>
> =C2=A0- is this a legal entity?
> =C2=A0- which country is it based in (or which legal framework is it resp=
onsible to)
> =C2=A0- who are the owners
> =C2=A0- what kind of organisation is it? (individual, bank, commerce, sch=
ool, university, charity...)

There are not things I've cared much about in the brick and mortar
world because those things are implied.  It's... difficult to put up a
fake bank, with fake tellers, advertisement, and so on.  Not so
difficult to put up or hack hole-in-the-wall ATMs, but then I don't
use hole-in-the-wall ATMs.  In the off-line world this approach
pervades.  Now, it is true that I care about track records (e.g., when
making investments), but I've never asked "who are the owners?",
except for small restaurants/shops that I like and where knowing the
owners is social benefit.  I've also not asked "is this a legal
entity".  Maybe I'm just naive?  When I see a doctor I see diplomas on
their office walls, but I don't go double checking them.  And so on.

In the on-line world some of these questions are more interesting, but
only because trust is harder to establish.  And anyways, we don't get
answers to these questions on-line, not most users anyways.  The trick
is to get domain names to reflect the same things that brick and
mortar sites do.

> In a recent talk I gave at the European Identity conference in Biel, Swit=
zerland, I looked
> at how this extra information could be made available by using WebID and =
Linked Data, published
> by official entities in ways that gave those documents legal weight. This=
 would not be technically
> very difficult to do, but would provide huge benefits to the web. It coul=
d increase trust
> in the way people use the web, and it could enable commerce in a much bro=
ader way that hitherto
> found on the web.

No matter what we're still talking about how to establish trust.
That's the hard part.  How do I trust that such and such corporation
owns some website?  I have to know who is making that statement, and
for that I must authenticate them, and I've to decide if they can make
that statement authoritatively, and whether I trust them (even if I
can authenticate them).

Assuming the TLS server PKI works then you're right, this is simple to
add as a *protocol*.  Though you'd still need to get someone to do the
vouching: it won't be governments, since there are some many ones that
are authoritative at some level that users could not really authorize
them to make these statements, so it has to be some commercial
operation, or a national-level agency.  That sounds so difficult to
pull off, and likely to provide so little value that I don't think it
can happen.

But on a smaller scale it could happen, and, indeed, it does already.
What I have in mind is federations of like companies.  Sites like
Amazon, eBay, and Yahoo! already have, effectively, federations of
vendors.  I'd like to see a federation of banks.

Nico
--

From henry.story@bblfish.net  Mon Apr 30 10:36:00 2012
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Martin, seeing the speed at which you responded I don't think
you took the time to look at the presentation. It may be worth
doing that, as it presents some technology that opens up many
new possibilities you may not be aware of. The proposal furthermore
works with TLS not against it: it builds on TLS directly to build
something that I think you will find very interesting. :-)

But let me answer your points below to hopefully answer misgivings.

On 30 Apr 2012, at 19:16, Martin Rex wrote:

> Henry Story wrote:
>>=20
>> TLS currently helps one know that when opens a connection to a =
service
>> (domain:port pair) one is actually connected to the machine that
>> officially owns that domain.
>=20
> That sounds backwards from what it is.
>=20
> A DNS domain owner can obtain TLS server certificates for hosts in
> his domain.  So when a TLS server shows a cert with a DNS Name in it
> that chains to one of the RootCAs known in the TLS X.509 PKI as known
> by common web browsers, then one assumes that this cert was obtained
> by someone who could demonstrate to the relevant CA to be an admin
> for that DNS domain.
>=20
> For domain validated (DV) certs, the ability to receive the DNS admins
> EMail is all that is verified.  Nowadays, DV-certs seem not to contain
> any other data in subject and subject alt name about the cert =
requestor
> besides the DNS hostname for which the cert was requested.

Well TLS at that level still only guarantees that you connected to the=20=

machine. Not the context of who owns the machine and how it fits into=20
the policitical/economic/legal context. Ie. it does not answer the=20
questions I put below:

>>=20
>> It does not give one the big picture of
>> what kind of entity one is actually connected to:
>> ie. it does not answer the following questions:
>>=20
>> - is this a legal entity?
>> - which country is it based in (or which legal framework is it =
responsible to)
>> - who are the owners
>> - what kind of organisation is it?
>>   (individual, bank, commerce, school, university, charity...)
>=20
>=20
> That information is completely irrelavant to TLS and to the existing
> server endpoint identification schemes on top of TLS =
(rfc2818,rfc6125).
>=20
> The CABForum has defined schemes to verify additional attributes about
> certificate requestors, which can be places as verified/vetted =
attributes
> in "organzation verified" (OV) and "extended validation" (EV) certs,
> but these come at a signficant extra cost, and that extra information =
is
> only meaningful to human beings.

The idea is not to put this information in the certificates at all, but
to place a URI in the SAN and IAN fields that allow that entity to be
tied into what for lack of a better word I called the institutional web.

>=20
>=20
>>=20
>> In a recent talk I gave at the European Identity conference in Biel,
>> Switzerland, I looked at how this extra information could be made
>> available by using WebID and Linked Data, published by official =
entities
>> in ways that gave those documents legal weight. This would not be
>> technically very difficult to do, but would provide huge benefits
>> to the web.
>=20
> While OV- and EV-certs may provide additional benefits to users who
> actually verify these attributes, the information is irrelevant for =
"the web".

I am not speaking of adding this information the way EV certs do it: =
into the
certificate.

>=20
>=20
>>=20
>> It could increase trust in the way people use the web,
>> and it could enable commerce in a much broader way that hitherto
>> found on the web.
>=20
> "The Web" is glued together with URLs, which distinguish places
> _only_ by DNS Names, nothing else.  An URL does not distinguish
> ACME bank from ACME fireworks, and there is no rule which of them
> was first to register a particular DNS domain name.

yes, but the web can by basing itself on TLS and soon DNS-SEC and DANE
create a network of linked data that can be used to create the trust
that is missing at the TLS layer. In this scenario this is not a flaw
of TLS, but rather something that can be build on top and WITH TLS.
If this is correct it should help guide the future development of TLS=20
and other IETF security protocols.

>=20
> So IMHO, the only way you could "increase (percieved) trust in the =
web"
> would be to significantly deceive users about the underlying =
technology.

I sincerely believe this not to be the case. I think it is worth looking
at this proposal with an open mind. There are two worlds that I am =
trying
to get to work together: TLS and LinkedData. There is much that they can
do together, if we can get both communities to understand each other.

Hope this helps,

	Henry

>=20
> -Martin
>=20

Social Web Architect
http://bblfish.net/


From henry.story@bblfish.net  Mon Apr 30 12:24:14 2012
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On 30 Apr 2012, at 19:31, Nico Williams wrote:

> On Mon, Apr 30, 2012 at 11:46 AM, Henry Story =
<henry.story@bblfish.net> wrote:
>> TLS currently helps one know that when opens a connection to a =
service (domain:port pair)
>> one is actually connected to the machine that officially owns that =
domain. It does not
>> give one the big picture of what kind of entity one is actually =
connected to:
>> ie. it does not answer the following questions:
>>=20
>>  - is this a legal entity?
>>  - which country is it based in (or which legal framework is it =
responsible to)
>>  - who are the owners
>>  - what kind of organisation is it? (individual, bank, commerce, =
school, university, charity...)
>=20
> There are not things I've cared much about in the brick and mortar
> world because those things are implied.  It's... difficult to put up a
> fake bank, with fake tellers, advertisement, and so on.  Not so
> difficult to put up or hack hole-in-the-wall ATMs, but then I don't
> use hole-in-the-wall ATMs.  In the off-line world this approach
> pervades.  Now, it is true that I care about track records (e.g., when
> making investments), but I've never asked "who are the owners?",
> except for small restaurants/shops that I like and where knowing the
> owners is social benefit.  I've also not asked "is this a legal
> entity".  Maybe I'm just naive?  When I see a doctor I see diplomas on
> their office walls, but I don't go double checking them.  And so on.

exactly. That may have been a better way to introduce the subject in the
presentation!

> In the on-line world some of these questions are more interesting, but
> only because trust is harder to establish.  And anyways, we don't get
> answers to these questions on-line, not most users anyways.  The trick
> is to get domain names to reflect the same things that brick and
> mortar sites do.

yes, but a domain name can be reached by clicking a page that is not
behind https, and so a man in the middle attack could have changed
the originating link, even if it came from a trusted source. Also
with people typing in urls it is easy to make a spelling mistake that
a clever domain hacker could have bought. Finally there are many online
businesses that are perhaps very reliable - a small swiss watch maker=20
for example - which don't have the marketing power to make us all =
remember
their name.

The linked data web could help here. Browsers could use the background=20=

"institution web" graph to help users identify the site they are on. If
browsers don't do that other companies could provide widgets or browser
plugins to fill the gap.

>=20
>> In a recent talk I gave at the European Identity conference in Biel, =
Switzerland, I looked
>> at how this extra information could be made available by using WebID =
and Linked Data, published
>> by official entities in ways that gave those documents legal weight. =
This would not be technically
>> very difficult to do, but would provide huge benefits to the web. It =
could increase trust
>> in the way people use the web, and it could enable commerce in a much =
broader way that hitherto
>> found on the web.
>=20
> No matter what we're still talking about how to establish trust.
> That's the hard part.  How do I trust that such and such corporation
> owns some website?  I have to know who is making that statement, and
> for that I must authenticate them, and I've to decide if they can make
> that statement authoritatively, and whether I trust them (even if I
> can authenticate them).

yes. All businesses tend to be registered somewhere: be it either with =
the
local authority, or with some tax office, or with the stock exchange,...

>=20
> Assuming the TLS server PKI works then you're right, this is simple to
> add as a *protocol*.  Though you'd still need to get someone to do the
> vouching: it won't be governments, since there are some many ones that
> are authoritative at some level that users could not really authorize
> them to make these statements, so it has to be some commercial
> operation, or a national-level agency.

yes.

> That sounds so difficult to pull off, and likely to provide so little
> value that I don't think it can happen.

I think the value is quite big in fact, and it would not be that =
difficult
to do technically. Getting all of these institutions to coordinate would
be more difficult to do I agree, and one would have to start somewhere =
where
the value and the will is there: perhaps the stock exchanges or banks.
In my presentation I illustrate the idea with banks. How it gets going =
in
actual fact is of course wide open. It would be something one could run=20=

some fruitful test cases to see what is required.

>=20
> But on a smaller scale it could happen, and, indeed, it does already.
> What I have in mind is federations of like companies.  Sites like
> Amazon, eBay, and Yahoo! already have, effectively, federations of
> vendors.  I'd like to see a federation of banks.

Yes. That's the example I used. In Switzerland it was suggested that
companies such as Swatch that have a lot of resellers that are always
changing might also have a need for something like this. This is why=20
I think that attacking this from both the social networking side and the
more formal institutional side is useful. The institutional side helps
people see how trust can work in a distributed manner - it always has.
It is just that we tend to think of governments as central agencies,
whereas in reality they are distributed: each state is a peer in the =
social
network of states.

I'd be happy to work with some organisations that are interested in =
trying
this out.

Henry

>=20
> Nico
> --

Social Web Architect
http://bblfish.net/


From nico@cryptonector.com  Mon Apr 30 12:57:54 2012
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On Mon, Apr 30, 2012 at 2:24 PM, Henry Story <henry.story@bblfish.net> wrot=
e:
> On 30 Apr 2012, at 19:31, Nico Williams wrote:
>> In the on-line world some of these questions are more interesting, but
>> only because trust is harder to establish. =C2=A0And anyways, we don't g=
et
>> answers to these questions on-line, not most users anyways. =C2=A0The tr=
ick
>> is to get domain names to reflect the same things that brick and
>> mortar sites do.
>
> yes, but a domain name can be reached by clicking a page that is not
> behind https, and so a man in the middle attack could have changed
> the originating link, even if it came from a trusted source. Also
> [...]

That problem doesn't go away.  We can't just use HTTPS (no matter how
much some people insist that we should only use HTTPS).  DNSSEC
wouldn't help either since usign HTTP (no S) means that there can
always be an MITM in TCP.  The only solution here is to train users to
know when to insist on HTTPS, and the UIs really have to not suck (as
long as we allow HTTP_no_S for some things this will be a problem).

>> No matter what we're still talking about how to establish trust.
>> That's the hard part. =C2=A0How do I trust that such and such corporatio=
n
>> owns some website? =C2=A0I have to know who is making that statement, an=
d
>> for that I must authenticate them, and I've to decide if they can make
>> that statement authoritatively, and whether I trust them (even if I
>> can authenticate them).
>
> yes. All businesses tend to be registered somewhere: be it either with th=
e
> local authority, or with some tax office, or with the stock exchange,...

I'm not sure that's true.  In the U.S. in some/many?/most? states it's
possible to start a sole proprietorship without having to first
register anywhere -- sure, these are going to be small businesses, and
they will eventually have to pay taxes and therefore register, but
even then, there's too many governments you'd have to go check to find
out about random companies, at least in the U.S.  Who's going to do
it?  I can't think of a random web customer caring to check the tax
records of a sole proprietorship or corporation, or caring to know
immediately that someone else has checked.

>> Assuming the TLS server PKI works then you're right, this is simple to
>> add as a *protocol*. =C2=A0Though you'd still need to get someone to do =
the
>> vouching: it won't be governments, since there are some many ones that
>> are authoritative at some level that users could not really authorize
>> them to make these statements, so it has to be some commercial
>> operation, or a national-level agency.
>
> yes.
>
>> That sounds so difficult to pull off, and likely to provide so little
>> value that I don't think it can happen.
>
> I think the value is quite big in fact, and it would not be that difficul=
t
> to do technically. Getting all of these institutions to coordinate would
> be more difficult to do I agree, and one would have to start somewhere wh=
ere
> the value and the will is there: perhaps the stock exchanges or banks.

Again, protocol-wise: trivial, but business-wise: very much
non-trivial.  "Not that difficult to do technically" is not enough,
and you do have to be careful what you mean by "technically", because
to me this is "technically" quite difficult when we include anything
other than "protocol details" in "technically".

>> But on a smaller scale it could happen, and, indeed, it does already.
>> What I have in mind is federations of like companies. =C2=A0Sites like
>> Amazon, eBay, and Yahoo! already have, effectively, federations of
>> vendors. =C2=A0I'd like to see a federation of banks.
>
> Yes. That's the example I used. In Switzerland it was suggested that
> companies such as Swatch that have a lot of resellers that are always
> changing might also have a need for something like this. This is why
> I think that attacking this from both the social networking side and the
> more formal institutional side is useful. The institutional side helps
> people see how trust can work in a distributed manner - it always has.
> It is just that we tend to think of governments as central agencies,
> whereas in reality they are distributed: each state is a peer in the soci=
al
> network of states.

Governments are too distributed to help with this problem, unless we
could get all these governments (or at least the ones that matter, or
enough that the ones that do can be the ones that end up mattering) to
have all these databases online.  That's a political problem.
Political processes can be very slow -- much slower than IETF
processes.  Watch out.  My conception of federations sidesteps that
problem.  And as I said: it's already happening on some scale.

With respect to banks... the business model there looks significantly
different than Amazon's/eBay's/Yahoo!'s -- the latter act as a
directory/middleman to the vendors, while there should be no middleman
when it comes to banking, and people do not purchase banking
products/services from random banks as often as they do trinkets from
random vendors, which limits the usefulness of a directory of banks.
So I'm not sure what we can do there.

Basically I'm skeptical.  For my money the certificate transparency
proposal is our best bet in the short-term.  Longer-term, if there's
any way to bring user authentication mechanisms that can do mutual
authentication into the web, then that will help enormously when it
comes to banking, but I think there's a lot of barriers to improving
user authentication on the web.  We'll see.  (That reminds me, I
should write something up for HTTPbis.)

Nico
--

From geoffk@geoffk.org  Mon Apr 30 20:03:16 2012
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Henry Story <henry.story@bblfish.net> writes:

> TLS currently helps one know that when opens a connection to a
> service (domain:port pair) one is actually connected to the machine
> that officially owns that domain. It does not give one the big
> picture of what kind of entity one is actually connected to: ie. it
> does not answer the following questions:
> 
>  - is this a legal entity?
>  - which country is it based in (or which legal framework is it responsible to)
>  - who are the owners
>  - what kind of organisation is it? (individual, bank, commerce, school, university, charity...)

Isn't this mostly covered by EV certificates?

- The 'is this a legal entity' part is answered with 'yes'.

- The country/legal framework part is the
  jurisdictionOfIncorporationCountryName field and similar.

- It doesn't describe the owners, but of course that information could
  change between the time the connection is opened and the packets
  reach the other end; except in the case where a certificate is
  issued to a sole proprietor, in which case that individual is named
  in the certificate.  In the case of a company it does provide
  sufficient information to track down the company and find its owners
  if they are publicly available.

- The kind of organisation is covered by the businessCategory field.

The presentation seemed interesting.
