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Subject: [TLS] tls - Update to a Meeting Session Request for IETF 104
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An update to a meeting session request has just been submitted by Christopher A. Wood, a Chair of the tls working group.


---------------------------------------------------------
Working Group Name: Transport Layer Security
Area Name: Security Area
Session Requester: Christopher Wood

Number of Sessions: 2
Length of Session(s):  2 Hours, 1 Hour
Number of Attendees: 120
Conflicts to Avoid: 
 First Priority: tokbind teep taps suit secdispatch saag stir rtcweb quic perc mls httpbis dnsop dispatch curdle cfrg acme uta git
 Second Priority: dprive ace
 Third Priority: tcpinc lamps sidrops


People who must be present:
  Eric Rescorla
  Rich Salz
  Sean Turner
  Joseph A. Salowey
  Yoav Nir
  Benjamin Kaduk
  Christopher A. Wood
  Nick Sullivan

Resources Requested:

Special Requests:
  
---------------------------------------------------------


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The TLS WG will be meeting @ IETF 104 in Prague.  To help the chairs get =
a better handle on how much time we will need for our session, please =
send in your agenda requests to tls-chairs@ietf.org.  Along with your =
request please provide an estimate for how much time you will need.

Cheers,

Chris, Joe, and Sean=


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From: Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net>
To: tls@ietf.org, hkario@redhat.com
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Subject: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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TLS 1.3 is pretty firm about what you can change in a second ClientHello.  It lists a small set of allowed changes to extensions (cookie, PSK binder, key shares, early data, and padding).  For the rest it says that nothing can change.  So clearly a client is in the wrong if it changes, adds, or removes an extension that isn't on this list.

The first question is whether a server should be required to check that only permitted changes are made to a second ClientHello.  

The second question is - if the server is not required to check for consistency - which ClientHello the server uses.

The third question is - if we allow checking at all - what the consistency check looks like.

My position is that the check cannot be mandatory, but we should allow servers to check.  One feature that we put significant effort into supporting was the notion of a stateless HelloRetryRequest, which I believe to be incompatible with checking (or at best extraordinately inconvenient).

With that answer in mind, if the second ClientHello might differ, I assert that the server uses that.  Hubert observes that this behaviour is not specified at all, which is entirely true.  I think that using the first ClientHello would be nonsensical, because the server needs to use the second ClientHello for those extensions that can change, like key share.

If we require or allow checking - and I think that we should definitely allow a check - the details of the conditions under which a check might fail aren't completely obvious for new extensions.  A new extension might be defined that has special handling in HelloRetryRequest, so it might be reasonable to allow new extensions to be changed.

Conversely, we might assume that anything that changes is going to be present in the HelloRetryRequest.  Therefore, only extensions that the server understands and includes in HelloRetryRequest can change.  That's not true for the early data extension, which is removed after HelloRetryRequest without any requirement for a server indicating support, but we might assume that extensions in the core spec have special status in this regard.

The simplest thing here seems to be a prohibition on checking unknown extensions for consistency between ClientHello1 and ClientHello2.

A final observation about checking extensions: it's not clear that we require consistent extension ordering.  If the key share extension changes, can it be reordered?  Can unchanged extensions be reordered?  Clearly neither results in a semantic change, but if a server that is required to check, might need to aggressively compress information about the first ClientHello in order to comply and extension ordering is an obvious thing to erase to save space in the cookie.


From nobody Fri Feb  8 04:53:57 2019
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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On Friday, 8 February 2019 04:31:18 CET Martin Thomson wrote:
> TLS 1.3 is pretty firm about what you can change in a second ClientHello.=
=20
> It lists a small set of allowed changes to extensions (cookie, PSK binder,
> key shares, early data, and padding).  For the rest it says that nothing
> can change.  So clearly a client is in the wrong if it changes, adds, or
> removes an extension that isn't on this list.
>=20
> The first question is whether a server should be required to check that o=
nly
> permitted changes are made to a second ClientHello.

given need for GREASE and two dozen flags across OpenSSL history for=20
workarounds for bugs in different implementations, the lesson seems to be t=
hat=20
the receiving side should be as strict as it can (within protocol confines)=
 or=20
we risk making the non-conforming behaviour common
=20
> The second question is - if the server is not required to check for
> consistency - which ClientHello the server uses.
>=20
> The third question is - if we allow checking at all - what the consistency
> check looks like.
>=20
> My position is that the check cannot be mandatory, but we should allow
> servers to check.  One feature that we put significant effort into
> supporting was the notion of a stateless HelloRetryRequest, which I belie=
ve
> to be incompatible with checking (or at best extraordinately inconvenient=
).

"extraordinarily inconvenient" is description of the process of implementin=
g=20
any crypto and cryptographic protocols properly...
=20
> With that answer in mind, if the second ClientHello might differ, I assert
> that the server uses that.  Hubert observes that this behaviour is not
> specified at all, which is entirely true.  I think that using the first
> ClientHello would be nonsensical, because the server needs to use the
> second ClientHello for those extensions that can change, like key share.

And I say that when you have already parsed, verified and sanity-checked th=
e=20
first set of extensions, it is much saner to reuse that work and only updat=
e=20
the values that can change and ignore all other extensions...

There are multiple ways to look at this, and given that the standard is ver=
y=20
firm that the 2nd CH needs to be as similar to the first one as possible, i=
t=20
is thus silent on which takes precedence in case they differ in general,=20
because they can't.
=20
> If we require or allow checking - and I think that we should definitely
> allow a check - the details of the conditions under which a check might
> fail aren't completely obvious for new extensions.  A new extension might
> be defined that has special handling in HelloRetryRequest, so it might be
> reasonable to allow new extensions to be changed.

yes, and we already had discussion on this ML about this: if the extension=
=20
needs to change (based on protocol definition), the server MUST include it =
in=20
HRR to signal to client, "yes, I do know about it, you can update it" and=20
client MUST NOT change it otherwise
=20
> The simplest thing here seems to be a prohibition on checking unknown
> extensions for consistency between ClientHello1 and ClientHello2.

that's definitely too harsh

> A final observation about checking extensions: it's not clear that we
> require consistent extension ordering.

the reordering is not in the list of allowed changes listed by the RFC

> If the key share extension changes,
> can it be reordered?

no

> Can unchanged extensions be reordered?=20

no

> Clearly
> neither results in a semantic change, but if a server that is required to
> check, might need to aggressively compress information about the first
> ClientHello in order to comply and extension ordering is an obvious thing
> to erase to save space in the cookie.

the cookie can be up to 2^16 bytes long, even if client sends all 50=20
extensions and spaces them with unknown extensions between, that's at most =
20=20
bytes per extension =3D 1000 bytes total extra space needed in cookie (32 b=
ytes=20
and 1600 bytes if you want to be very conservative)

and that's the excessive case, in usual case the server will not have to de=
al=20
with more than half a dozen unknown extensions
=2D-=20
Regards,
Hubert Kario
Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
Web: www.cz.redhat.com
Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech Republic
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Feb 2019 08:58:12 -0800
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I'd like to hear from some people who plan to implement and deploy this.
Absent that, I'm not sure we should adopt it. Code points are free, so it
doesn't need to be a TLS WG item unless the TLS WG and community are going
to do substantial work on it.

-Ekr


On Fri, Jan 25, 2019 at 10:12 AM Christopher Wood <
christopherwood07@gmail.com> wrote:

> At the TLS@IETF103 session, there was interest in adopting
> draft-housley-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk as an experimental WG
> item, provided that it's limited to external PSKs with certificates
> for the initial handshake. This email is to determine whether there is
> WG consensus to adopt this draft (as is) as a WG item.
>
> If you would like for this draft to become a WG document and you are
> willing to review it as it moves through the process, then please let
> the list know by 2359UTC 20180208. If you are opposed to this being a
> WG document, please say so (and say why).
>
> Thanks,
> Chris, Joe and Sean
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>I&#39;d like to hear from some people who plan to imp=
lement and deploy this. Absent that, I&#39;m not sure we should adopt it. C=
ode points are free, so it doesn&#39;t need to be a TLS WG item unless the =
TLS WG and community are going to do substantial work on it.<br></div><div>=
<br></div><div>-Ekr</div><div><br></div></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote=
"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Fri, Jan 25, 2019 at 10:12 AM Ch=
ristopher Wood &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:christopherwood07@gmail.com">christoph=
erwood07@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote=
" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);=
padding-left:1ex">At the TLS@IETF103 session, there was interest in adoptin=
g<br>
draft-housley-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk as an experimental WG<br>
item, provided that it&#39;s limited to external PSKs with certificates<br>
for the initial handshake. This email is to determine whether there is<br>
WG consensus to adopt this draft (as is) as a WG item.<br>
<br>
If you would like for this draft to become a WG document and you are<br>
willing to review it as it moves through the process, then please let<br>
the list know by 2359UTC 20180208. If you are opposed to this being a<br>
WG document, please say so (and say why).<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
Chris, Joe and Sean<br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
TLS mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" rel=3D"noreferrer" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br>
</blockquote></div>

--000000000000ab3663058164df91--


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Subject: [TLS] [Editorial Errata Reported] RFC8446 (5627)
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The following errata report has been submitted for RFC8446,
"The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3".

--------------------------------------
You may review the report below and at:
http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid5627

--------------------------------------
Type: Editorial
Reported by: Daniel Kahn Gillmor <dkg@fifthhorseman.net>

Section: 4.2.11

Original Text
-------------
In TLS versions prior to TLS 1.3, the Server Name Identification
(SNI) value 

Corrected Text
--------------
In TLS versions prior to TLS 1.3, the Server Name Indication
(SNI) value 

Notes
-----
RFC 6066 and many other places indicate that the correct expansion for "SNI" is "Server Name Indication", not "Server Name Identification".

Instructions:
-------------
This erratum is currently posted as "Reported". If necessary, please
use "Reply All" to discuss whether it should be verified or
rejected. When a decision is reached, the verifying party  
can log in to change the status and edit the report, if necessary. 

--------------------------------------
RFC8446 (draft-ietf-tls-tls13-28)
--------------------------------------
Title               : The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3
Publication Date    : August 2018
Author(s)           : E. Rescorla
Category            : PROPOSED STANDARD
Source              : Transport Layer Security
Area                : Security
Stream              : IETF
Verifying Party     : IESG


From nobody Fri Feb  8 11:43:14 2019
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Subject: [TLS] [Errata Held for Document Update] RFC8446 (5627)
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The following errata report has been held for document update 
for RFC8446, "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3". 

--------------------------------------
You may review the report below and at:
http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid5627

--------------------------------------
Status: Held for Document Update
Type: Editorial

Reported by: Daniel Kahn Gillmor <dkg@fifthhorseman.net>
Date Reported: 2019-02-08
Held by: Benjamin Kaduk (IESG)

Section: 4.2.11

Original Text
-------------
In TLS versions prior to TLS 1.3, the Server Name Identification
(SNI) value 

Corrected Text
--------------
In TLS versions prior to TLS 1.3, the Server Name Indication
(SNI) value 

Notes
-----
RFC 6066 and many other places indicate that the correct expansion for "SNI" is "Server Name Indication", not "Server Name Identification".

--------------------------------------
RFC8446 (draft-ietf-tls-tls13-28)
--------------------------------------
Title               : The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3
Publication Date    : August 2018
Author(s)           : E. Rescorla
Category            : PROPOSED STANDARD
Source              : Transport Layer Security
Area                : Security
Stream              : IETF
Verifying Party     : IESG


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From: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 10 Feb 2019 13:39:50 -0800
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for Adoption: TLS 1.3 Extension for Certificate-based Authentication with an External Pre-Shared Key
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Given the low amount of responses, we=E2=80=99re going to extend this adopt=
ion
call for another two weeks. As a reminder, if you would like for this
draft to become a WG document and you are willing to review it as it
moves through the process, then please let the list know by 2359UTC
20180222. If you are opposed to this being a WG document, please say
so (and say why).

Thanks,
Chris, Joe, and Sean

On Fri, Feb 8, 2019 at 8:58 AM Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
>
> I'd like to hear from some people who plan to implement and deploy this. =
Absent that, I'm not sure we should adopt it. Code points are free, so it d=
oesn't need to be a TLS WG item unless the TLS WG and community are going t=
o do substantial work on it.
>
> -Ekr
>
>
> On Fri, Jan 25, 2019 at 10:12 AM Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmai=
l.com> wrote:
>>
>> At the TLS@IETF103 session, there was interest in adopting
>> draft-housley-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk as an experimental WG
>> item, provided that it's limited to external PSKs with certificates
>> for the initial handshake. This email is to determine whether there is
>> WG consensus to adopt this draft (as is) as a WG item.
>>
>> If you would like for this draft to become a WG document and you are
>> willing to review it as it moves through the process, then please let
>> the list know by 2359UTC 20180208. If you are opposed to this being a
>> WG document, please say so (and say why).
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Chris, Joe and Sean
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> TLS mailing list
>> TLS@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


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From: Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net>
To: Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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On Fri, Feb 8, 2019, at 23:53, Hubert Kario wrote:
> given need for GREASE and two dozen flags across OpenSSL history for 
> workarounds for bugs in different implementations, the lesson seems to be that 
> the receiving side should be as strict as it can (within protocol confines) or 
> we risk making the non-conforming behaviour common

I take something different from that experience.  There is value in having some implementations do strict checks, certainly.  However, in this case, I don't believe that it is reasonable to perform these checks (more below).
  
> > With that answer in mind, if the second ClientHello might differ, I assert
> > that the server uses that.  Hubert observes that this behaviour is not
> > specified at all, which is entirely true.  I think that using the first
> > ClientHello would be nonsensical, because the server needs to use the
> > second ClientHello for those extensions that can change, like key share.
> 
> And I say that when you have already parsed, verified and sanity-checked the 
> first set of extensions, it is much saner to reuse that work and only update 
> the values that can change and ignore all other extensions...

As I mentioned, NSS does that work, at least partially, and then throws all of that state away when it sends HelloRetryRequest.  It does that so that HelloRetryRequest can be truly stateless (an advantage for DTLS).  Doing that work all over is trivial, bundling the necessary state, not.
 
> There are multiple ways to look at this, and given that the standard is very 
> firm that the 2nd CH needs to be as similar to the first one as possible, it 
> is thus silent on which takes precedence in case they differ in general, 
> because they can't.

> > If we require or allow checking - and I think that we should definitely
> > allow a check - the details of the conditions under which a check might
> > fail aren't completely obvious for new extensions.  A new extension might
> > be defined that has special handling in HelloRetryRequest, so it might be
> > reasonable to allow new extensions to be changed.
> 
> yes, and we already had discussion on this ML about this: if the extension 
> needs to change (based on protocol definition), the server MUST include it in 
> HRR to signal to client, "yes, I do know about it, you can update it" and 
> client MUST NOT change it otherwise

I remember having that discussion, but I guess the only way it made it into the spec was as:

   -  Other modifications that may be allowed by an extension defined in
      the future and present in the HelloRetryRequest.

Which isn't particularly direct, but I guess that's enough.

> the cookie can be up to 2^16 bytes long, even if client sends all 50 
> extensions and spaces them with unknown extensions between, that's at most 20 
> bytes per extension = 1000 bytes total extra space needed in cookie (32 bytes 
> and 1600 bytes if you want to be very conservative)

Yeah, that's ridiculously large.  With quite a few extensions supported, and many more unknown to us, the only way we might realistically ensure that the ClientHello doesn't change is to save a hash snapshot at every boundary where the cookie extension might be inserted or where an extension might be changed.  SHA-2 has a fairly small state to capture, but that's still nearly unbounded state.  With an amplification factor of up to 8, meaning that it could be more efficient to send the client its entire ClientHello in the cookie.


From nobody Mon Feb 11 08:41:02 2019
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Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2019 08:40:41 -0800
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for Adoption: TLS 1.3 Extension for Certificate-based Authentication with an External Pre-Shared Key
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I support adoption of this draft and am willing to review it.

		-Peter

-----Original Message-----
From: TLS [mailto:tls-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Christopher Wood
Sent: Sunday, February 10, 2019 1:40 PM
To: <tls@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for Adoption: TLS 1.3 Extension for =
Certificate-based Authentication with an External Pre-Shared Key

Given the low amount of responses, we=E2=80=99re going to extend this =
adoption
call for another two weeks. As a reminder, if you would like for this
draft to become a WG document and you are willing to review it as it
moves through the process, then please let the list know by 2359UTC
20180222. If you are opposed to this being a WG document, please say
so (and say why).

Thanks,
Chris, Joe, and Sean

On Fri, Feb 8, 2019 at 8:58 AM Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
>
> I'd like to hear from some people who plan to implement and deploy =
this. Absent that, I'm not sure we should adopt it. Code points are =
free, so it doesn't need to be a TLS WG item unless the TLS WG and =
community are going to do substantial work on it.
>
> -Ekr
>
>
> On Fri, Jan 25, 2019 at 10:12 AM Christopher Wood =
<christopherwood07@gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>> At the TLS@IETF103 session, there was interest in adopting
>> draft-housley-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk as an experimental WG
>> item, provided that it's limited to external PSKs with certificates
>> for the initial handshake. This email is to determine whether there =
is
>> WG consensus to adopt this draft (as is) as a WG item.
>>
>> If you would like for this draft to become a WG document and you are
>> willing to review it as it moves through the process, then please let
>> the list know by 2359UTC 20180208. If you are opposed to this being a
>> WG document, please say so (and say why).
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Chris, Joe and Sean
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> TLS mailing list
>> TLS@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls

_______________________________________________
TLS mailing list
TLS@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


From nobody Tue Feb 12 04:53:13 2019
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From: Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com>
To: Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net>
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Date: Tue, 12 Feb 2019 13:52:43 +0100
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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On Monday, 11 February 2019 00:43:39 CET Martin Thomson wrote:
> On Fri, Feb 8, 2019, at 23:53, Hubert Kario wrote:
> > the cookie can be up to 2^16 bytes long, even if client sends all 50
> > extensions and spaces them with unknown extensions between, that's at m=
ost
> > 20 bytes per extension =3D 1000 bytes total extra space needed in cookie
> > (32 bytes and 1600 bytes if you want to be very conservative)
>=20
> Yeah, that's ridiculously large.  With quite a few extensions supported, =
and
> many more unknown to us, the only way we might realistically ensure that
> the ClientHello doesn't change is to save a hash snapshot at every bounda=
ry
> where the cookie extension might be inserted or where an extension might =
be
> changed.  SHA-2 has a fairly small state to capture, but that's still
> nearly unbounded state.  With an amplification factor of up to 8, meaning
> that it could be more efficient to send the client its entire ClientHello
> in the cookie.

I definitely won't claim that it is easy or straight-forward to do, I do cl=
aim=20
that it is possible. Yes, sometimes it may mean that sending the literal CH=
 in=20
cookie may be more bandwidth efficient.

And regarding the specific extension in question, to verify that it didn't=
=20
change between Hello's it is only 2 bytes extra in cookie. If that is too m=
uch=20
already, I don't think that stateless HRR is something we will see in=20
implementations for years to come.

=2D-=20
Regards,
Hubert Kario
Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
Web: www.cz.redhat.com
Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech Republic
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Feb 2019 16:31:41 -0800
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To: Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com>
Cc: Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net>, "<tls@ietf.org>" <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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I concur with what I take to be MT's position here:

1. The client is clearly prohibited from changing most elements of the CH
(except for listed exceptions).
2. It's reasonable to check for and fail the handshake on any spec
violation except those where checking is explicitly forbidden (e.g., Must
Be Zero but Must be Ignored)
3. Nothing in the spec requires the server to check for this condition.

-Ekr


On Tue, Feb 12, 2019 at 4:53 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote:

> On Monday, 11 February 2019 00:43:39 CET Martin Thomson wrote:
> > On Fri, Feb 8, 2019, at 23:53, Hubert Kario wrote:
> > > the cookie can be up to 2^16 bytes long, even if client sends all 50
> > > extensions and spaces them with unknown extensions between, that's at
> most
> > > 20 bytes per extension =3D 1000 bytes total extra space needed in coo=
kie
> > > (32 bytes and 1600 bytes if you want to be very conservative)
> >
> > Yeah, that's ridiculously large.  With quite a few extensions supported=
,
> and
> > many more unknown to us, the only way we might realistically ensure tha=
t
> > the ClientHello doesn't change is to save a hash snapshot at every
> boundary
> > where the cookie extension might be inserted or where an extension migh=
t
> be
> > changed.  SHA-2 has a fairly small state to capture, but that's still
> > nearly unbounded state.  With an amplification factor of up to 8, meani=
ng
> > that it could be more efficient to send the client its entire ClientHel=
lo
> > in the cookie.
>
> I definitely won't claim that it is easy or straight-forward to do, I do
> claim
> that it is possible. Yes, sometimes it may mean that sending the literal
> CH in
> cookie may be more bandwidth efficient.
>
> And regarding the specific extension in question, to verify that it didn'=
t
> change between Hello's it is only 2 bytes extra in cookie. If that is too
> much
> already, I don't think that stateless HRR is something we will see in
> implementations for years to come.
>
> --
> Regards,
> Hubert Kario
> Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
> Web: www.cz.redhat.com
> Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech
> Republic_______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div>I concur with what I take to be MT&#=
39;s position here:</div><div><br></div><div>1. The client is clearly prohi=
bited from changing most elements of the CH (except for listed exceptions).=
<br></div><div>2. It&#39;s reasonable to check for and fail the handshake o=
n any spec violation except those where checking is explicitly forbidden (e=
.g., Must Be Zero but Must be Ignored)</div><div>3. Nothing in the spec req=
uires the server to check for this condition.</div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr=
</div><div><br></div></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" =
class=3D"gmail_attr">On Tue, Feb 12, 2019 at 4:53 AM Hubert Kario &lt;<a hr=
ef=3D"mailto:hkario@redhat.com" target=3D"_blank">hkario@redhat.com</a>&gt;=
 wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px =
0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">On Monda=
y, 11 February 2019 00:43:39 CET Martin Thomson wrote:<br>
&gt; On Fri, Feb 8, 2019, at 23:53, Hubert Kario wrote:<br>
&gt; &gt; the cookie can be up to 2^16 bytes long, even if client sends all=
 50<br>
&gt; &gt; extensions and spaces them with unknown extensions between, that&=
#39;s at most<br>
&gt; &gt; 20 bytes per extension =3D 1000 bytes total extra space needed in=
 cookie<br>
&gt; &gt; (32 bytes and 1600 bytes if you want to be very conservative)<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Yeah, that&#39;s ridiculously large.=C2=A0 With quite a few extensions=
 supported, and<br>
&gt; many more unknown to us, the only way we might realistically ensure th=
at<br>
&gt; the ClientHello doesn&#39;t change is to save a hash snapshot at every=
 boundary<br>
&gt; where the cookie extension might be inserted or where an extension mig=
ht be<br>
&gt; changed.=C2=A0 SHA-2 has a fairly small state to capture, but that&#39=
;s still<br>
&gt; nearly unbounded state.=C2=A0 With an amplification factor of up to 8,=
 meaning<br>
&gt; that it could be more efficient to send the client its entire ClientHe=
llo<br>
&gt; in the cookie.<br>
<br>
I definitely won&#39;t claim that it is easy or straight-forward to do, I d=
o claim <br>
that it is possible. Yes, sometimes it may mean that sending the literal CH=
 in <br>
cookie may be more bandwidth efficient.<br>
<br>
And regarding the specific extension in question, to verify that it didn&#3=
9;t <br>
change between Hello&#39;s it is only 2 bytes extra in cookie. If that is t=
oo much <br>
already, I don&#39;t think that stateless HRR is something we will see in <=
br>
implementations for years to come.<br>
<br>
-- <br>
Regards,<br>
Hubert Kario<br>
Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team<br>
Web: <a href=3D"http://www.cz.redhat.com" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_bla=
nk">www.cz.redhat.com</a><br>
Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00=C2=A0 Brno, Czech Republic=
_______________________________________________<br>
TLS mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" rel=3D"noreferrer" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br>
</blockquote></div>
</div>

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It appears South Korea has started censoring traffic across all ISPs based
on SNI [1], [2]. Nick points out that they seem to be blocking ESNI
entirely [3].

[1]: https://bugzil.la/1494901#c3
[2]: https://news.joins.com/article/23363557
[3]: https://twitter.com/grittygrease/status/1095530153319358465?s=21

-- 
Joseph Lorenzo Hall
Chief Technologist, Center for Democracy & Technology [https://www.cdt.org]
1401 K ST NW STE 200, Washington DC 20005-3497
e: joe@cdt.org, p: 202.407.8825, pgp: https://josephhall.org/gpg-key
Fingerprint: 3CA2 8D7B 9F6D DBD3 4B10  1607 5F86 6987 40A9 A871
-- 
Joseph Lorenzo Hall
Chief Technologist, Center for Democracy & Technology [https://www.cdt.org]
1401 K ST NW STE 200, Washington DC 20005-3497
e: joe@cdt.org, p: 202.407.8825, pgp: https://josephhall.org/gpg-key
Fingerprint: 3CA2 8D7B 9F6D DBD3 4B10  1607 5F86 6987 40A9 A871

--000000000000d8e71c0581c334ff
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<div><div><div dir=3D"auto">It appears South Korea has started censoring tr=
affic across all ISPs based on SNI [1], [2]. Nick points out that they seem=
 to be blocking ESNI entirely [3].</div></div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><=
div><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div>[1]:=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://bugzil.la/=
1494901#c3" target=3D"_blank">https://bugzil.la/1494901#c3</a></div><div di=
r=3D"auto">[2]:=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://news.joins.com/article/23363557" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">https://news.joins.com/article/23363557</a><br></div><div d=
ir=3D"auto">[3]: <a href=3D"https://twitter.com/grittygrease/status/1095530=
153319358465?s=3D21" target=3D"_blank">https://twitter.com/grittygrease/sta=
tus/1095530153319358465?s=3D21</a></div></div></div></div><div><div><div cl=
ass=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div>-- <br><div dir=3D"ltr" cla=
ss=3D"m_8568513756488116004m_-143405962775637360gmail_signature" data-smart=
mail=3D"gmail_signature">Joseph Lorenzo Hall<br>Chief Technologist, Center =
for Democracy &amp; Technology [<a href=3D"https://www.cdt.org" target=3D"_=
blank">https://www.cdt.org</a>]<br>1401 K ST NW STE 200, Washington DC 2000=
5-3497<br>e: <a href=3D"mailto:joe@cdt.org" target=3D"_blank">joe@cdt.org</=
a>, p: 202.407.8825, pgp: <a href=3D"https://josephhall.org/gpg-key" target=
=3D"_blank">https://josephhall.org/gpg-key</a><br>Fingerprint: 3CA2 8D7B 9F=
6D DBD3 4B10=C2=A0 1607 5F86 6987 40A9 A871</div>
</div></div>
</div>-- <br><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_signature" data-smartmail=3D"g=
mail_signature">Joseph Lorenzo Hall<br>Chief Technologist, Center for Democ=
racy &amp; Technology [<a href=3D"https://www.cdt.org">https://www.cdt.org<=
/a>]<br>1401 K ST NW STE 200, Washington DC 20005-3497<br>e: <a href=3D"mai=
lto:joe@cdt.org">joe@cdt.org</a>, p: 202.407.8825, pgp: <a href=3D"https://=
josephhall.org/gpg-key">https://josephhall.org/gpg-key</a><br>Fingerprint: =
3CA2 8D7B 9F6D DBD3 4B10=C2=A0 1607 5F86 6987 40A9 A871</div>

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From: Loganaden Velvindron <loganaden@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2019 13:50:13 +0400
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Subject: Re: [TLS] SK filtering on SNI, blocking ESNI
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On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 1:32 PM Joseph Lorenzo Hall <joe@cdt.org> wrote:

> It appears South Korea has started censoring traffic across all ISPs based
> on SNI [1], [2]. Nick points out that they seem to be blocking ESNI
> entirely [3].
>
> [1]: https://bugzil.la/1494901#c3
> [2]: https://news.joins.com/article/23363557
> [3]: https://twitter.com/grittygrease/status/1095530153319358465?s=21
>
>
That's quite extreme.

> --
> Joseph Lorenzo Hall
> Chief Technologist, Center for Democracy & Technology [https://www.cdt.org
> ]
> 1401 K ST NW STE 200, Washington DC 20005-3497
> e: joe@cdt.org, p: 202.407.8825, pgp: https://josephhall.org/gpg-key
> Fingerprint: 3CA2 8D7B 9F6D DBD3 4B10  1607 5F86 6987 40A9 A871
> --
> Joseph Lorenzo Hall
> Chief Technologist, Center for Democracy & Technology [https://www.cdt.org
> ]
> 1401 K ST NW STE 200, Washington DC 20005-3497
> e: joe@cdt.org, p: 202.407.8825, pgp: https://josephhall.org/gpg-key
> Fingerprint: 3CA2 8D7B 9F6D DBD3 4B10  1607 5F86 6987 40A9 A871
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
<div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 1:32 PM Josep=
h Lorenzo Hall &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:joe@cdt.org">joe@cdt.org</a>&gt; wrote=
:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.=
8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><div><div=
 dir=3D"auto">It appears South Korea has started censoring traffic across a=
ll ISPs based on SNI [1], [2]. Nick points out that they seem to be blockin=
g ESNI entirely [3].</div></div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div><div class=
=3D"gmail_quote"><div>[1]:=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://bugzil.la/1494901#c3" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">https://bugzil.la/1494901#c3</a></div><div dir=3D"auto">[2]=
:=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://news.joins.com/article/23363557" target=3D"_blank=
">https://news.joins.com/article/23363557</a><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">[3=
]: <a href=3D"https://twitter.com/grittygrease/status/1095530153319358465?s=
=3D21" target=3D"_blank">https://twitter.com/grittygrease/status/1095530153=
319358465?s=3D21</a></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class=3D"gmail_q=
uote"><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br><=
/div><div>That&#39;s quite extreme.=C2=A0=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"g=
mail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204=
,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><div><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=
=3D"auto"></div>-- <br><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail-m_703143919530511428=
5m_8568513756488116004m_-143405962775637360gmail_signature">Joseph Lorenzo =
Hall<br>Chief Technologist, Center for Democracy &amp; Technology [<a href=
=3D"https://www.cdt.org" target=3D"_blank">https://www.cdt.org</a>]<br>1401=
 K ST NW STE 200, Washington DC 20005-3497<br>e: <a href=3D"mailto:joe@cdt.=
org" target=3D"_blank">joe@cdt.org</a>, p: 202.407.8825, pgp: <a href=3D"ht=
tps://josephhall.org/gpg-key" target=3D"_blank">https://josephhall.org/gpg-=
key</a><br>Fingerprint: 3CA2 8D7B 9F6D DBD3 4B10=C2=A0 1607 5F86 6987 40A9 =
A871</div>
</div></div>
</div>-- <br><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail-m_7031439195305114285gmail_sig=
nature">Joseph Lorenzo Hall<br>Chief Technologist, Center for Democracy &am=
p; Technology [<a href=3D"https://www.cdt.org" target=3D"_blank">https://ww=
w.cdt.org</a>]<br>1401 K ST NW STE 200, Washington DC 20005-3497<br>e: <a h=
ref=3D"mailto:joe@cdt.org" target=3D"_blank">joe@cdt.org</a>, p: 202.407.88=
25, pgp: <a href=3D"https://josephhall.org/gpg-key" target=3D"_blank">https=
://josephhall.org/gpg-key</a><br>Fingerprint: 3CA2 8D7B 9F6D DBD3 4B10=C2=
=A0 1607 5F86 6987 40A9 A871</div>
_______________________________________________<br>
TLS mailing list<br>
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<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" rel=3D"noreferrer" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br>
</blockquote></div></div>

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From: Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Cc: Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net>, "<tls@ietf.org>" <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 01:31:41 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> I concur with what I take to be MT's position here:
>=20
> 1. The client is clearly prohibited from changing most elements of the CH
> (except for listed exceptions).
> 2. It's reasonable to check for and fail the handshake on any spec
> violation except those where checking is explicitly forbidden (e.g., Must
> Be Zero but Must be Ignored)
> 3. Nothing in the spec requires the server to check for this condition.

and what about values that technically can't change (as you noted yourself)=
=20
but they do change and the server does use them?

you are not suggesting that which value will be used (from first or second=
=20
CH), or if the connection will be aborted, to be implementation dependant=20
*by design* , do you?
=20
> -Ekr
>=20
> On Tue, Feb 12, 2019 at 4:53 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote:
> > On Monday, 11 February 2019 00:43:39 CET Martin Thomson wrote:
> > > On Fri, Feb 8, 2019, at 23:53, Hubert Kario wrote:
> > > > the cookie can be up to 2^16 bytes long, even if client sends all 50
> > > > extensions and spaces them with unknown extensions between, that's =
at
> >=20
> > most
> >=20
> > > > 20 bytes per extension =3D 1000 bytes total extra space needed in c=
ookie
> > > > (32 bytes and 1600 bytes if you want to be very conservative)
> > >=20
> > > Yeah, that's ridiculously large.  With quite a few extensions support=
ed,
> >=20
> > and
> >=20
> > > many more unknown to us, the only way we might realistically ensure t=
hat
> > > the ClientHello doesn't change is to save a hash snapshot at every
> >=20
> > boundary
> >=20
> > > where the cookie extension might be inserted or where an extension mi=
ght
> >=20
> > be
> >=20
> > > changed.  SHA-2 has a fairly small state to capture, but that's still
> > > nearly unbounded state.  With an amplification factor of up to 8,
> > > meaning
> > > that it could be more efficient to send the client its entire
> > > ClientHello
> > > in the cookie.
> >=20
> > I definitely won't claim that it is easy or straight-forward to do, I do
> > claim
> > that it is possible. Yes, sometimes it may mean that sending the literal
> > CH in
> > cookie may be more bandwidth efficient.
> >=20
> > And regarding the specific extension in question, to verify that it did=
n't
> > change between Hello's it is only 2 bytes extra in cookie. If that is t=
oo
> > much
> > already, I don't think that stateless HRR is something we will see in
> > implementations for years to come.
> >=20
> > --
> > Regards,
> > Hubert Kario
> > Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
> > Web: www.cz.redhat.com
> > Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech
> > Republic_______________________________________________
> > TLS mailing list
> > TLS@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


=2D-=20
Regards,
Hubert Kario
Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
Web: www.cz.redhat.com
Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech Republic
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2019 06:39:03 -0800
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To: Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com>
Cc: Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net>, "<tls@ietf.org>" <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 4:12 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote:

> On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 01:31:41 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > I concur with what I take to be MT's position here:
> >
> > 1. The client is clearly prohibited from changing most elements of the =
CH
> > (except for listed exceptions).
> > 2. It's reasonable to check for and fail the handshake on any spec
> > violation except those where checking is explicitly forbidden (e.g., Mu=
st
> > Be Zero but Must be Ignored)
> > 3. Nothing in the spec requires the server to check for this condition.
>
> and what about values that technically can't change (as you noted
> yourself)
> but they do change and the server does use them?
>
> you are not suggesting that which value will be used (from first or secon=
d
> CH), or if the connection will be aborted, to be implementation dependant
> *by design* , do you?
>

I'n not sure I understand your question, but I'll try to answer what I
think it says.

1. I do think that whether you continue the connection or abort it is an
implementation decision and I think that the way the spec is written says
that.
2. I think the spec leaves open whether you should use the first or second
values, but I think implementations should use the second value. It's not
clear why one would want to use the first.

To my knowledge, there was never a WG discussion about this exact question,
so we only have the spec to guide us. Were we pre-publication I would have
advocated for (a) leaving open whether to abort and (b) requiring you to
use the second value.

-Ekr






> > -Ekr
> >
> > On Tue, Feb 12, 2019 at 4:53 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote:
> > > On Monday, 11 February 2019 00:43:39 CET Martin Thomson wrote:
> > > > On Fri, Feb 8, 2019, at 23:53, Hubert Kario wrote:
> > > > > the cookie can be up to 2^16 bytes long, even if client sends all
> 50
> > > > > extensions and spaces them with unknown extensions between, that'=
s
> at
> > >
> > > most
> > >
> > > > > 20 bytes per extension =3D 1000 bytes total extra space needed in
> cookie
> > > > > (32 bytes and 1600 bytes if you want to be very conservative)
> > > >
> > > > Yeah, that's ridiculously large.  With quite a few extensions
> supported,
> > >
> > > and
> > >
> > > > many more unknown to us, the only way we might realistically ensure
> that
> > > > the ClientHello doesn't change is to save a hash snapshot at every
> > >
> > > boundary
> > >
> > > > where the cookie extension might be inserted or where an extension
> might
> > >
> > > be
> > >
> > > > changed.  SHA-2 has a fairly small state to capture, but that's sti=
ll
> > > > nearly unbounded state.  With an amplification factor of up to 8,
> > > > meaning
> > > > that it could be more efficient to send the client its entire
> > > > ClientHello
> > > > in the cookie.
> > >
> > > I definitely won't claim that it is easy or straight-forward to do, I
> do
> > > claim
> > > that it is possible. Yes, sometimes it may mean that sending the
> literal
> > > CH in
> > > cookie may be more bandwidth efficient.
> > >
> > > And regarding the specific extension in question, to verify that it
> didn't
> > > change between Hello's it is only 2 bytes extra in cookie. If that is
> too
> > > much
> > > already, I don't think that stateless HRR is something we will see in
> > > implementations for years to come.
> > >
> > > --
> > > Regards,
> > > Hubert Kario
> > > Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
> > > Web: www.cz.redhat.com
> > > Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech
> > > Republic_______________________________________________
> > > TLS mailing list
> > > TLS@ietf.org
> > > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>
>
> --
> Regards,
> Hubert Kario
> Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
> Web: www.cz.redhat.com
> Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech Republic

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
<div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 4:12 AM Huber=
t Kario &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:hkario@redhat.com">hkario@redhat.com</a>&gt; =
wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0=
px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">On Wednes=
day, 13 February 2019 01:31:41 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:<br>
&gt; I concur with what I take to be MT&#39;s position here:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; 1. The client is clearly prohibited from changing most elements of the=
 CH<br>
&gt; (except for listed exceptions).<br>
&gt; 2. It&#39;s reasonable to check for and fail the handshake on any spec=
<br>
&gt; violation except those where checking is explicitly forbidden (e.g., M=
ust<br>
&gt; Be Zero but Must be Ignored)<br>
&gt; 3. Nothing in the spec requires the server to check for this condition=
.<br>
<br>
and what about values that technically can&#39;t change (as you noted yours=
elf) <br>
but they do change and the server does use them?<br>
<br>
you are not suggesting that which value will be used (from first or second =
<br>
CH), or if the connection will be aborted, to be implementation dependant <=
br>
*by design* , do you?<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I&#39;n not sure =
I understand your question, but I&#39;ll try to answer what I think it says=
.</div><div><br></div><div>1. I do think that whether you continue the conn=
ection or abort it is an implementation decision and I think that the way t=
he spec is written says that.</div><div>2. I think the spec leaves open whe=
ther you should use the first or second values, but I think implementations=
 should use the second value. It&#39;s not clear why one would want to use =
the first.<br></div><div><br></div><div>To my knowledge, there was never a =
WG discussion about this exact question, so we only have the spec to guide =
us. Were we pre-publication I would have advocated for (a) leaving open whe=
ther to abort and (b) requiring you to use the second value.<br></div><div>=
<br></div><div>-Ekr</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>=
<br></div><div><br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:=
0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<br>
&gt; -Ekr<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; On Tue, Feb 12, 2019 at 4:53 AM Hubert Kario &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:hka=
rio@redhat.com" target=3D"_blank">hkario@redhat.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; &gt; On Monday, 11 February 2019 00:43:39 CET Martin Thomson wrote:<br=
>
&gt; &gt; &gt; On Fri, Feb 8, 2019, at 23:53, Hubert Kario wrote:<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; the cookie can be up to 2^16 bytes long, even if client=
 sends all 50<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; extensions and spaces them with unknown extensions betw=
een, that&#39;s at<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; most<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; 20 bytes per extension =3D 1000 bytes total extra space=
 needed in cookie<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; (32 bytes and 1600 bytes if you want to be very conserv=
ative)<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; Yeah, that&#39;s ridiculously large.=C2=A0 With quite a few =
extensions supported,<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; and<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; many more unknown to us, the only way we might realistically=
 ensure that<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; the ClientHello doesn&#39;t change is to save a hash snapsho=
t at every<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; boundary<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; where the cookie extension might be inserted or where an ext=
ension might<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; be<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; changed.=C2=A0 SHA-2 has a fairly small state to capture, bu=
t that&#39;s still<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; nearly unbounded state.=C2=A0 With an amplification factor o=
f up to 8,<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; meaning<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; that it could be more efficient to send the client its entir=
e<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; ClientHello<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; in the cookie.<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; I definitely won&#39;t claim that it is easy or straight-forward =
to do, I do<br>
&gt; &gt; claim<br>
&gt; &gt; that it is possible. Yes, sometimes it may mean that sending the =
literal<br>
&gt; &gt; CH in<br>
&gt; &gt; cookie may be more bandwidth efficient.<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; And regarding the specific extension in question, to verify that =
it didn&#39;t<br>
&gt; &gt; change between Hello&#39;s it is only 2 bytes extra in cookie. If=
 that is too<br>
&gt; &gt; much<br>
&gt; &gt; already, I don&#39;t think that stateless HRR is something we wil=
l see in<br>
&gt; &gt; implementations for years to come.<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; --<br>
&gt; &gt; Regards,<br>
&gt; &gt; Hubert Kario<br>
&gt; &gt; Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team<br>
&gt; &gt; Web: <a href=3D"http://www.cz.redhat.com" rel=3D"noreferrer" targ=
et=3D"_blank">www.cz.redhat.com</a><br>
&gt; &gt; Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00=C2=A0 Brno, Czec=
h<br>
&gt; &gt; Republic_______________________________________________<br>
&gt; &gt; TLS mailing list<br>
&gt; &gt; <a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a=
><br>
&gt; &gt; <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" rel=3D"nore=
ferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br>
<br>
<br>
-- <br>
Regards,<br>
Hubert Kario<br>
Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team<br>
Web: <a href=3D"http://www.cz.redhat.com" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_bla=
nk">www.cz.redhat.com</a><br>
Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00=C2=A0 Brno, Czech Republic=
</blockquote></div></div>

--0000000000000f88a90581c78331--


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Subject: Re: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 06:39:03AM -0800, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 4:12 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote:
> 
> > you are not suggesting that which value will be used (from first or second
> > CH), or if the connection will be aborted, to be implementation dependant
> > *by design* , do you?
> >
> 
> I'n not sure I understand your question, but I'll try to answer what I
> think it says.
> 
> 1. I do think that whether you continue the connection or abort it is an
> implementation decision and I think that the way the spec is written says
> that.
> 2. I think the spec leaves open whether you should use the first or second
> values, but I think implementations should use the second value. It's not
> clear why one would want to use the first.

One reason is that if one has state-machine handshake processing, it is
not difficult to do all the negotiation on the first pass, and then
only grab the share on second pass, if it was missing (as it is the
only retry condition).

That is what I initially implemented in TLS library I did (later
versions use stateless approach, with checks that the CHs match).


-Ilari


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To: Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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On Mon, Feb 11, 2019 at 10:43:39AM +1100, Martin Thomson wrote:
> On Fri, Feb 8, 2019, at 23:53, Hubert Kario wrote:
> 
> > > If we require or allow checking - and I think that we should definitely
> > > allow a check - the details of the conditions under which a check might
> > > fail aren't completely obvious for new extensions.  A new extension might
> > > be defined that has special handling in HelloRetryRequest, so it might be
> > > reasonable to allow new extensions to be changed.
> > 
> > yes, and we already had discussion on this ML about this: if the extension 
> > needs to change (based on protocol definition), the server MUST include it in 
> > HRR to signal to client, "yes, I do know about it, you can update it" and 
> > client MUST NOT change it otherwise
> 
> I remember having that discussion, but I guess the only way it made it into the spec was as:
> 
>    -  Other modifications that may be allowed by an extension defined in
>       the future and present in the HelloRetryRequest.
> 
> Which isn't particularly direct, but I guess that's enough.

I think I pressed for that text, on the grounds that the core spec should state the
core expectations but try to assume as little as possible about future extensions' needs.
It's pretty clear that this implies that (with the current set of extensions) a current
server can rely on the "only extensions in HRR can change" property (modulo the existing
exceptions in the core spec).

-Ben


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On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 15:39:03 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 4:12 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote:
> > On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 01:31:41 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > > I concur with what I take to be MT's position here:
> > >=20
> > > 1. The client is clearly prohibited from changing most elements of the
> > > CH
> > > (except for listed exceptions).
> > > 2. It's reasonable to check for and fail the handshake on any spec
> > > violation except those where checking is explicitly forbidden (e.g.,
> > > Must
> > > Be Zero but Must be Ignored)
> > > 3. Nothing in the spec requires the server to check for this conditio=
n.
> >=20
> > and what about values that technically can't change (as you noted
> > yourself)
> > but they do change and the server does use them?
> >=20
> > you are not suggesting that which value will be used (from first or sec=
ond
> > CH), or if the connection will be aborted, to be implementation dependa=
nt
> > *by design* , do you?
>=20
> I'n not sure I understand your question, but I'll try to answer what I
> think it says.
>=20
> 1. I do think that whether you continue the connection or abort it is an
> implementation decision and I think that the way the spec is written says
> that.
> 2. I think the spec leaves open whether you should use the first or second
> values, but I think implementations should use the second value. It's not
> clear why one would want to use the first.

because you have already parsed, verified and sanity-checked the first hell=
o,=20
you already decided what kind of parameters will the connection use and you=
're=20
expecting just the values that can change to change and ignoring everything=
=20
else, thus not wasting cycles on verifying the extensions twice...

so it's not clear to me why you'd ever want to use the second one

> To my knowledge, there was never a WG discussion about this exact questio=
n,
> so we only have the spec to guide us. Were we pre-publication I would have
> advocated for (a) leaving open whether to abort and (b) requiring you to
> use the second value.

so you don't think this qualifies for Errata?


side note: it is actually possible to check if the 2nd CH has minimal chang=
es=20
in stateless HRR by replacing the extensions that can change with the hashe=
s=20
of their values and then storing the overall hash of CH message together wi=
th=20
hashes of the extensions that can change. When receiving the 2nd CH, we can=
=20
replace the extensions that can change with respective hash values and then=
=20
check if the overall hash still matches. That translates to something like =
4=20
hashes, two positions and two flags (for padding and early_data). Only this=
=20
much is necessary to check perfectly if the CH is unchanged. The only=20
exception is pre_shared_key, but server behaviour with it is clearly define=
d -=20
the server must use the values from 2nd CH as the selected_identity wouldn'=
t=20
match otherwise and binders couldn't be verified. With addition of one more=
=20
hash in the cookie the server may easily ensure that the identity it planne=
d=20
to select remained in the CH. That's like 165 bytes when using non-truncate=
d=20
sha-256 hashes.

=2D-=20
Regards,
Hubert Kario
Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
Web: www.cz.redhat.com
Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech Republic
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On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 04:39:49PM +0100, Hubert Kario wrote:
> On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 15:39:03 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> 
> > To my knowledge, there was never a WG discussion about this exact question,
> > so we only have the spec to guide us. Were we pre-publication I would have
> > advocated for (a) leaving open whether to abort and (b) requiring you to
> > use the second value.
> 
> so you don't think this qualifies for Errata?

Errata are used for things that were errors at the time of publication (and,
presumably, had WG consensus for being errors).  Since there was apparently no
WG consensus on this specific topic at time of publication, the errata process
seems inappropriate.

-Ben


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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2019 08:31:52 -0800
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To: Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com>
Cc: Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net>, "<tls@ietf.org>" <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:39 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote:

> On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 15:39:03 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 4:12 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote:
> > > On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 01:31:41 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > > > I concur with what I take to be MT's position here:
> > > >
> > > > 1. The client is clearly prohibited from changing most elements of
> the
> > > > CH
> > > > (except for listed exceptions).
> > > > 2. It's reasonable to check for and fail the handshake on any spec
> > > > violation except those where checking is explicitly forbidden (e.g.=
,
> > > > Must
> > > > Be Zero but Must be Ignored)
> > > > 3. Nothing in the spec requires the server to check for this
> condition.
> > >
> > > and what about values that technically can't change (as you noted
> > > yourself)
> > > but they do change and the server does use them?
> > >
> > > you are not suggesting that which value will be used (from first or
> second
> > > CH), or if the connection will be aborted, to be implementation
> dependant
> > > *by design* , do you?
> >
> > I'n not sure I understand your question, but I'll try to answer what I
> > think it says.
> >
> > 1. I do think that whether you continue the connection or abort it is a=
n
> > implementation decision and I think that the way the spec is written sa=
ys
> > that.
> > 2. I think the spec leaves open whether you should use the first or
> second
> > values, but I think implementations should use the second value. It's n=
ot
> > clear why one would want to use the first.
>
> because you have already parsed, verified and sanity-checked the first
> hello,
> you already decided what kind of parameters will the connection use and
> you're
> expecting just the values that can change to change and ignoring
> everything
> else, thus not wasting cycles on verifying the extensions twice...
>

As MT says, we use a stateless design, and we don't necessarily verify the
entire
CH prior to sending HRR. For instance, it's not necessary to do certificate
selection
and hence not to look at signature_algorithms.



> so it's not clear to me why you'd ever want to use the second one
>

Well, clearly views differ on this, then.



> > To my knowledge, there was never a WG discussion about this exact
> question,
> > so we only have the spec to guide us. Were we pre-publication I would
> have
> > advocated for (a) leaving open whether to abort and (b) requiring you t=
o
> > use the second value.
>
> so you don't think this qualifies for Errata?
>

What Ben said.

-Ekr


>
> side note: it is actually possible to check if the 2nd CH has minimal
> changes
> in stateless HRR by replacing the extensions that can change with the
> hashes
> of their values and then storing the overall hash of CH message together
> with
> hashes of the extensions that can change. When receiving the 2nd CH, we
> can
> replace the extensions that can change with respective hash values and
> then
> check if the overall hash still matches. That translates to something lik=
e
> 4
> hashes, two positions and two flags (for padding and early_data). Only
> this
> much is necessary to check perfectly if the CH is unchanged. The only
> exception is pre_shared_key, but server behaviour with it is clearly
> defined -
> the server must use the values from 2nd CH as the selected_identity
> wouldn't
> match otherwise and binders couldn't be verified. With addition of one
> more
> hash in the cookie the server may easily ensure that the identity it
> planned
> to select remained in the CH. That's like 165 bytes when using
> non-truncated
> sha-256 hashes.
>
> --
> Regards,
> Hubert Kario
> Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
> Web: www.cz.redhat.com
> Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech Republic

--000000000000834d8b0581c916ec
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
<div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:39 AM Huber=
t Kario &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:hkario@redhat.com">hkario@redhat.com</a>&gt; =
wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0=
px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">On Wednes=
day, 13 February 2019 15:39:03 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:<br>
&gt; On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 4:12 AM Hubert Kario &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:hka=
rio@redhat.com" target=3D"_blank">hkario@redhat.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; &gt; On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 01:31:41 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:<=
br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; I concur with what I take to be MT&#39;s position here:<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; 1. The client is clearly prohibited from changing most eleme=
nts of the<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; CH<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; (except for listed exceptions).<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; 2. It&#39;s reasonable to check for and fail the handshake o=
n any spec<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; violation except those where checking is explicitly forbidde=
n (e.g.,<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; Must<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; Be Zero but Must be Ignored)<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; 3. Nothing in the spec requires the server to check for this=
 condition.<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; and what about values that technically can&#39;t change (as you n=
oted<br>
&gt; &gt; yourself)<br>
&gt; &gt; but they do change and the server does use them?<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; you are not suggesting that which value will be used (from first =
or second<br>
&gt; &gt; CH), or if the connection will be aborted, to be implementation d=
ependant<br>
&gt; &gt; *by design* , do you?<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; I&#39;n not sure I understand your question, but I&#39;ll try to answe=
r what I<br>
&gt; think it says.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; 1. I do think that whether you continue the connection or abort it is =
an<br>
&gt; implementation decision and I think that the way the spec is written s=
ays<br>
&gt; that.<br>
&gt; 2. I think the spec leaves open whether you should use the first or se=
cond<br>
&gt; values, but I think implementations should use the second value. It&#3=
9;s not<br>
&gt; clear why one would want to use the first.<br>
<br>
because you have already parsed, verified and sanity-checked the first hell=
o, <br>
you already decided what kind of parameters will the connection use and you=
&#39;re <br>
expecting just the values that can change to change and ignoring everything=
 <br>
else, thus not wasting cycles on verifying the extensions twice...<br></blo=
ckquote><div><br></div><div>As MT says, we use a stateless design, and we d=
on&#39;t necessarily verify the entire</div><div>CH prior to sending HRR. F=
or instance, it&#39;s not necessary to do certificate selection</div><div>a=
nd hence not to look at signature_algorithms.<br></div><div><br></div><div>=
=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0=
.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
so it&#39;s not clear to me why you&#39;d ever want to use the second one<b=
r></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Well, clearly views differ on this, then=
.<br></div><div><br></div><div>=C2=A0<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_q=
uote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,2=
04);padding-left:1ex">
&gt; To my knowledge, there was never a WG discussion about this exact ques=
tion,<br>
&gt; so we only have the spec to guide us. Were we pre-publication I would =
have<br>
&gt; advocated for (a) leaving open whether to abort and (b) requiring you =
to<br>
&gt; use the second value.<br>
<br>
so you don&#39;t think this qualifies for Errata?<br></blockquote><div><br>=
</div><div>What Ben said.</div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr</div><div><br></div=
><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border=
-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<br>
<br>
side note: it is actually possible to check if the 2nd CH has minimal chang=
es <br>
in stateless HRR by replacing the extensions that can change with the hashe=
s <br>
of their values and then storing the overall hash of CH message together wi=
th <br>
hashes of the extensions that can change. When receiving the 2nd CH, we can=
 <br>
replace the extensions that can change with respective hash values and then=
 <br>
check if the overall hash still matches. That translates to something like =
4 <br>
hashes, two positions and two flags (for padding and early_data). Only this=
 <br>
much is necessary to check perfectly if the CH is unchanged. The only <br>
exception is pre_shared_key, but server behaviour with it is clearly define=
d - <br>
the server must use the values from 2nd CH as the selected_identity wouldn&=
#39;t <br>
match otherwise and binders couldn&#39;t be verified. With addition of one =
more <br>
hash in the cookie the server may easily ensure that the identity it planne=
d <br>
to select remained in the CH. That&#39;s like 165 bytes when using non-trun=
cated <br>
sha-256 hashes.<br>
<br>
-- <br>
Regards,<br>
Hubert Kario<br>
Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team<br>
Web: <a href=3D"http://www.cz.redhat.com" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_bla=
nk">www.cz.redhat.com</a><br>
Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00=C2=A0 Brno, Czech Republic=
</blockquote></div></div>

--000000000000834d8b0581c916ec--


From nobody Wed Feb 13 08:48:12 2019
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To: "Christopher Wood" <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, "Sean Turner" <sean+ietf@sn3rd.com>, "Joseph Salowey" <joe@salowey.net>
Cc: Transport Layer Security Discussion List <tls@ietf.org>, itu-t-liaison@iab.org, Scott Mansfield <Scott.Mansfield@Ericsson.com>, Sean Turner <sean+ietf@sn3rd.com>, Benjamin Kaduk <kaduk@mit.edu>, Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, Joseph Salowey <joe@salowey.net>, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>, jhbaek@kisa.or.kr
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Subject: [TLS] New Liaison Statement, "LS on SG17 work item X.ibc-iot: Security framework for using Identity Based Cryptography for IoT services over telecom networks"
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Title: LS on SG17 work item X.ibc-iot: Security framework for using Identity Based Cryptography for IoT services over telecom networks
Submission Date: 2019-02-13
URL of the IETF Web page: https://datatracker.ietf.org/liaison/1629/
Please reply by 2019-06-30
From: Xiaoya Yang <xiaoya.yang@itu.int>
To: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>,Joseph Salowey <joe@salowey.net>,Sean Turner <sean+ietf@sn3rd.com>
Cc: Transport Layer Security Discussion List <tls@ietf.org>,Scott Mansfield <Scott.Mansfield@Ericsson.com>,Sean Turner <sean+ietf@sn3rd.com>,Benjamin Kaduk <kaduk@mit.edu>,Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>,Joseph Salowey <joe@salowey.net>,itu-t-liaison@iab.org,Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Response Contacts: jhbaek@kisa.or.kr
Technical Contacts: 
Purpose: For action

Body: In our meeting (Geneva, 22-30 January 2019), ITU-T SG17 revised draft Recommendation of ITU-T X.ibc-iot Security framework for using identity based cryptography for IoT services over telecom networks which is now being developed in Q6/17, and targets its completion in next SG17 meeting in 27 August – 5 September 2019.

The Recommendation includes using TLS 1.3 with identity-based signature algorithms for IoT security in Annex D. To facilitate the protocol with such capabilities, according to the TLS 1.3 specification, the SignatureScheme should be extended with values for such algorithms. Four algorithms have been considered, which are ECCSI specified in RFC 6507, IBS1, IBS2 and SM9_IBS standardized in ISO/IEC 14888-3. It would be very helpful if the values for the following signature schemes are assigned or reserved under your assistance:

 eccsi_sha256
ibs1_sha256
ibs2_sha256
sm9_ibs_sm3
Attachments:

    SG17-LS173-att
    https://www.ietf.org/lib/dt/documents/LIAISON/liaison-2019-02-13-itu-t-sg-17-tls-ls-on-sg17-work-item-xibc-iot-security-framework-for-using-identity-based-cryptography-for-iot-services-over-tele-attachment-1.pdf


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Subject: Re: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 17:31:52 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:39 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote:
> > On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 15:39:03 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > > I'n not sure I understand your question, but I'll try to answer what I
> > > think it says.
> > >=20
> > > 1. I do think that whether you continue the connection or abort it is=
 an
> > > implementation decision and I think that the way the spec is written
> > > says
> > > that.
> > > 2. I think the spec leaves open whether you should use the first or
> > > second
> > > values, but I think implementations should use the second value. It's
> > > not
> > > clear why one would want to use the first.
> >=20
> > because you have already parsed, verified and sanity-checked the first
> > hello,
> > you already decided what kind of parameters will the connection use and
> > you're
> > expecting just the values that can change to change and ignoring
> > everything
> > else, thus not wasting cycles on verifying the extensions twice...
> >=20
> > so it's not clear to me why you'd ever want to use the second one
>=20
> Well, clearly views differ on this, then.

yes, that was my point, and the reason why I'd like to see clarification or=
=20
agreement on expected behaviour

so if my understanding is correct, to do that, we would need to agree on a =
new=20
RFC that clarifies such issues
=2D-=20
Regards,
Hubert Kario
Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
Web: www.cz.redhat.com
Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech Republic
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2019 11:01:10 -0800
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To: Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com>
Cc: Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net>, "<tls@ietf.org>" <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 10:23 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote:

> On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 17:31:52 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:39 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote:
> > > On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 15:39:03 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > > > I'n not sure I understand your question, but I'll try to answer wha=
t
> I
> > > > think it says.
> > > >
> > > > 1. I do think that whether you continue the connection or abort it
> is an
> > > > implementation decision and I think that the way the spec is writte=
n
> > > > says
> > > > that.
> > > > 2. I think the spec leaves open whether you should use the first or
> > > > second
> > > > values, but I think implementations should use the second value. It=
's
> > > > not
> > > > clear why one would want to use the first.
> > >
> > > because you have already parsed, verified and sanity-checked the firs=
t
> > > hello,
> > > you already decided what kind of parameters will the connection use a=
nd
> > > you're
> > > expecting just the values that can change to change and ignoring
> > > everything
> > > else, thus not wasting cycles on verifying the extensions twice...
> > >
> > > so it's not clear to me why you'd ever want to use the second one
> >
> > Well, clearly views differ on this, then.
>
> yes, that was my point, and the reason why I'd like to see clarification
> or
> agreement on expected behaviour
>

> so if my understanding is correct, to do that, we would need to agree on =
a
> new
> RFC that clarifies such issues
>

I'm not so sure.

- I don't think that the specification ought to require checking and/or not
checking.
- I don't think it should require using the first CH, and unsure whether we
should require use of the second CH, but it doesn't sound like there's
consensus on that.

-Ekr



--=20
> Regards,
> Hubert Kario
> Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
> Web: www.cz.redhat.com
> Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech Republic

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
<div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 10:23 AM Hube=
rt Kario &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:hkario@redhat.com">hkario@redhat.com</a>&gt;=
 wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px =
0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">On Wedne=
sday, 13 February 2019 17:31:52 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:<br>
&gt; On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:39 AM Hubert Kario &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:hka=
rio@redhat.com" target=3D"_blank">hkario@redhat.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; &gt; On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 15:39:03 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:<=
br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; I&#39;n not sure I understand your question, but I&#39;ll tr=
y to answer what I<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; think it says.<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; 1. I do think that whether you continue the connection or ab=
ort it is an<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; implementation decision and I think that the way the spec is=
 written<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; says<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; that.<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; 2. I think the spec leaves open whether you should use the f=
irst or<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; second<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; values, but I think implementations should use the second va=
lue. It&#39;s<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; not<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; clear why one would want to use the first.<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; because you have already parsed, verified and sanity-checked the =
first<br>
&gt; &gt; hello,<br>
&gt; &gt; you already decided what kind of parameters will the connection u=
se and<br>
&gt; &gt; you&#39;re<br>
&gt; &gt; expecting just the values that can change to change and ignoring<=
br>
&gt; &gt; everything<br>
&gt; &gt; else, thus not wasting cycles on verifying the extensions twice..=
.<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; so it&#39;s not clear to me why you&#39;d ever want to use the se=
cond one<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Well, clearly views differ on this, then.<br>
<br>
yes, that was my point, and the reason why I&#39;d like to see clarificatio=
n or <br>
agreement on expected behaviour<br></blockquote><blockquote class=3D"gmail_=
quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,=
204);padding-left:1ex">
<br>
so if my understanding is correct, to do that, we would need to agree on a =
new <br>
RFC that clarifies such issues<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I&#39;m =
not so sure.<br></div><div><br></div><div> - I don&#39;t think that the spe=
cification ought to require checking and/or not checking.</div><div>- I don=
&#39;t think it should require using the first CH, and unsure whether we sh=
ould require use of the second CH, but it doesn&#39;t sound like there&#39;=
s consensus on that.<br></div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr</div><div><br></div>=
<div><br></div><div><br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"ma=
rgin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:=
1ex">
-- <br>
Regards,<br>
Hubert Kario<br>
Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team<br>
Web: <a href=3D"http://www.cz.redhat.com" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_bla=
nk">www.cz.redhat.com</a><br>
Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00=C2=A0 Brno, Czech Republic=
</blockquote></div></div>

--0000000000008808c60581cb2c72--


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From: Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Cc: Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net>, "<tls@ietf.org>" <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 20:01:10 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 10:23 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote:
> > On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 17:31:52 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > > On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:39 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrot=
e:
> > > > On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 15:39:03 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > > > > I'n not sure I understand your question, but I'll try to answer w=
hat
> >=20
> > I
> >=20
> > > > > think it says.
> > > > >=20
> > > > > 1. I do think that whether you continue the connection or abort it
> >=20
> > is an
> >=20
> > > > > implementation decision and I think that the way the spec is writ=
ten
> > > > > says
> > > > > that.
> > > > > 2. I think the spec leaves open whether you should use the first =
or
> > > > > second
> > > > > values, but I think implementations should use the second value.
> > > > > It's
> > > > > not
> > > > > clear why one would want to use the first.
> > > >=20
> > > > because you have already parsed, verified and sanity-checked the fi=
rst
> > > > hello,
> > > > you already decided what kind of parameters will the connection use
> > > > and
> > > > you're
> > > > expecting just the values that can change to change and ignoring
> > > > everything
> > > > else, thus not wasting cycles on verifying the extensions twice...
> > > >=20
> > > > so it's not clear to me why you'd ever want to use the second one
> > >=20
> > > Well, clearly views differ on this, then.
> >=20
> > yes, that was my point, and the reason why I'd like to see clarification
> > or
> > agreement on expected behaviour
> >=20
> >=20
> > so if my understanding is correct, to do that, we would need to agree o=
n a
> > new
> > RFC that clarifies such issues
>=20
> I'm not so sure.

I said "I'd like", yes, I am aware that not everybody shares my views on th=
ose=20
topics, but *if* we reach a conclusion and decide to update/clarify RFC 844=
6,=20
it would require publishing a new RFC (depending on intrusiveness of it, it=
=20
may be just "Informational" or it may need to be "Standards Track", with=20
everything that it entails), wouldn't it?
=20
> - I don't think that the specification ought to require checking and/or n=
ot
> checking.
> - I don't think it should require using the first CH, and unsure whether =
we
> should require use of the second CH, but it doesn't sound like there's
> consensus on that.

it all depends on your threat model, if leaking information which kind of=20
implementation you are running is useful information to the attacker, then=
=20
having multiple implementations that are indistinguishable on protocol leve=
l=20
may be very desirable

and in this specific example of record_size_limit, lack of agreement over=20
extension from which Client Hello takes precedence will easily lead to=20
interoperability failures

=2D-=20
Regards,
Hubert Kario
Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
Web: www.cz.redhat.com
Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech Republic
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2019 12:27:46 -0800
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To: Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Server validation of a second ClientHello
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On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 11:37 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote:

> On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 20:01:10 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 10:23 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com> wrote=
:
> > > On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 17:31:52 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > > > On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:39 AM Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com>
> wrote:
> > > > > On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 15:39:03 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > > > > > I'n not sure I understand your question, but I'll try to answer
> what
> > >
> > > I
> > >
> > > > > > think it says.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > 1. I do think that whether you continue the connection or abort
> it
> > >
> > > is an
> > >
> > > > > > implementation decision and I think that the way the spec is
> written
> > > > > > says
> > > > > > that.
> > > > > > 2. I think the spec leaves open whether you should use the firs=
t
> or
> > > > > > second
> > > > > > values, but I think implementations should use the second value=
.
> > > > > > It's
> > > > > > not
> > > > > > clear why one would want to use the first.
> > > > >
> > > > > because you have already parsed, verified and sanity-checked the
> first
> > > > > hello,
> > > > > you already decided what kind of parameters will the connection u=
se
> > > > > and
> > > > > you're
> > > > > expecting just the values that can change to change and ignoring
> > > > > everything
> > > > > else, thus not wasting cycles on verifying the extensions twice..=
.
> > > > >
> > > > > so it's not clear to me why you'd ever want to use the second one
> > > >
> > > > Well, clearly views differ on this, then.
> > >
> > > yes, that was my point, and the reason why I'd like to see
> clarification
> > > or
> > > agreement on expected behaviour
> > >
> > >
> > > so if my understanding is correct, to do that, we would need to agree
> on a
> > > new
> > > RFC that clarifies such issues
> >
> > I'm not so sure.
>
> I said "I'd like", yes, I am aware that not everybody shares my views on
> those
> topics, but *if* we reach a conclusion and decide to update/clarify RFC
> 8446,
> it would require publishing a new RFC (depending on intrusiveness of it,
> it
> may be just "Informational" or it may need to be "Standards Track", with
> everything that it entails), wouldn't it?
>

The current document does not mandate any particular implementation. If you
want to require a specific implementation then would need a new standards
track RFC.


> > - I don't think that the specification ought to require checking and/or
> not
> > checking.
> > - I don't think it should require using the first CH, and unsure whethe=
r
> we
> > should require use of the second CH, but it doesn't sound like there's
> > consensus on that.
>
> it all depends on your threat model, if leaking information which kind of
> implementation you are running is useful information to the attacker, the=
n
> having multiple implementations that are indistinguishable on protocol
> level
> may be very desirable
>

There are an enormous number of ways in which TLS stacks can vary and
requiring indistinguishable behavior is not a goal of the TLS spec.



> and in this specific example of record_size_limit, lack of agreement over
> extension from which Client Hello takes precedence will easily lead to
> interoperability failures
>

You're forbidden to change that value, so you'll only see interop failures
if the client is already nonconformant.

-Ekr


> --
> Regards,
> Hubert Kario
> Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
> Web: www.cz.redhat.com
> Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech Republic

--00000000000049e04f0581cc621a
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
<div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 11:37 AM Hube=
rt Kario &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:hkario@redhat.com">hkario@redhat.com</a>&gt;=
 wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px =
0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">On Wedne=
sday, 13 February 2019 20:01:10 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:<br>
&gt; On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 10:23 AM Hubert Kario &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:hk=
ario@redhat.com" target=3D"_blank">hkario@redhat.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; &gt; On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 17:31:52 CET Eric Rescorla wrote:<=
br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:39 AM Hubert Kario &lt;<a href=3D"=
mailto:hkario@redhat.com" target=3D"_blank">hkario@redhat.com</a>&gt; wrote=
:<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; On Wednesday, 13 February 2019 15:39:03 CET Eric Rescor=
la wrote:<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; I&#39;n not sure I understand your question, but I=
&#39;ll try to answer what<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; I<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; think it says.<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; 1. I do think that whether you continue the connec=
tion or abort it<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; is an<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; implementation decision and I think that the way t=
he spec is written<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; says<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; that.<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; 2. I think the spec leaves open whether you should=
 use the first or<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; second<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; values, but I think implementations should use the=
 second value.<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; It&#39;s<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; not<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; clear why one would want to use the first.<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; because you have already parsed, verified and sanity-ch=
ecked the first<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; hello,<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; you already decided what kind of parameters will the co=
nnection use<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; and<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; you&#39;re<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; expecting just the values that can change to change and=
 ignoring<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; everything<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; else, thus not wasting cycles on verifying the extensio=
ns twice...<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; so it&#39;s not clear to me why you&#39;d ever want to =
use the second one<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; Well, clearly views differ on this, then.<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; yes, that was my point, and the reason why I&#39;d like to see cl=
arification<br>
&gt; &gt; or<br>
&gt; &gt; agreement on expected behaviour<br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; so if my understanding is correct, to do that, we would need to a=
gree on a<br>
&gt; &gt; new<br>
&gt; &gt; RFC that clarifies such issues<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; I&#39;m not so sure.<br>
<br>
I said &quot;I&#39;d like&quot;, yes, I am aware that not everybody shares =
my views on those <br>
topics, but *if* we reach a conclusion and decide to update/clarify RFC 844=
6, <br>
it would require publishing a new RFC (depending on intrusiveness of it, it=
 <br>
may be just &quot;Informational&quot; or it may need to be &quot;Standards =
Track&quot;, with <br>
everything that it entails), wouldn&#39;t it?<br></blockquote><div><br></di=
v><div>The current document does not mandate any particular implementation.=
 If you want to require a specific implementation then would need a new sta=
ndards track RFC.<br></div><div><br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote"=
 style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);p=
adding-left:1ex">
<br>
&gt; - I don&#39;t think that the specification ought to require checking a=
nd/or not<br>
&gt; checking.<br>
&gt; - I don&#39;t think it should require using the first CH, and unsure w=
hether we<br>
&gt; should require use of the second CH, but it doesn&#39;t sound like the=
re&#39;s<br>
&gt; consensus on that.<br>
<br>
it all depends on your threat model, if leaking information which kind of <=
br>
implementation you are running is useful information to the attacker, then =
<br>
having multiple implementations that are indistinguishable on protocol leve=
l <br>
may be very desirable<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>There are an enor=
mous number of ways in which TLS stacks can vary and requiring indistinguis=
hable behavior is not a goal of the TLS spec.</div><div><br></div><div>=C2=
=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8e=
x;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
and in this specific example of record_size_limit, lack of agreement over <=
br>
extension from which Client Hello takes precedence will easily lead to <br>
interoperability failures<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>You&#39;re fo=
rbidden to change that value, so you&#39;ll only see interop failures if th=
e client is already nonconformant.</div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr</div><div>=
<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8=
ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<br>
-- <br>
Regards,<br>
Hubert Kario<br>
Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team<br>
Web: <a href=3D"http://www.cz.redhat.com" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_bla=
nk">www.cz.redhat.com</a><br>
Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00=C2=A0 Brno, Czech Republic=
</blockquote></div></div>

--00000000000049e04f0581cc621a--


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From: "Christopher Wood" <christopherwood07@gmail.com>
To: "TLS WG" <tls@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2019 14:15:57 -0800
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Subject: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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Hi folks,

PRs [1] and [2] need a little more review before we merge since 
they’re non-trivial changes. Please have a look and let the list know 
if you have objections with the contents therein. Otherwise, we will 
merge them by the end of the next week.

Thanks!
Chris (no hat)

[1] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124
[2] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125


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Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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Hiya,

On 13/02/2019 22:15, Christopher Wood wrote:
>=20
>=20
> [1] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124

I just re-read that. I've a question: why tie the version
change to this PR and not the I-D rev? I'd prefer if we
make the change to 0xff02 when -03 is published. (I don't
care which PR does that, but wouldn't like to see every
PR bump that number.)

Aside from that I think it's ok (though I may find other
issues when implementing later) with two caveats that can
be handled now or later:

1. The DNS RR structure still needs fixing but that is likely
better handled separately. (By "fixing" I mean a new RR type
but also that it needs to be designed for DNS admins as well
and not only for TLS implementers which is the current case.
(I'm not saying what might or might not make it more dnsops
friendly, just that that needs to be checked/done sometime.)

2. I don't think the text below ought be included, it's not
the job of this WG to design MITM attacks. (Or maybe I've
misinterpreted it?)

"The public name, however, makes this protocol compatible with
deployments that use correctly-implemented MITM proxies. If the
client has cached an ESNIKey for the origin server, the MITM
proxy will process the cleartext SNI field and terminate a
connection to the public name instead. If the client is
configured to trust the proxy's certificate, it will accept
the connection as valid for the public name and retry with
ESNI disabled."

I also don't think I'd implement that fallback in my openssl
fork. Earlier text says to complete the h/s but to not make
that visible to the application layer and the above seems to
conflict with that. I could hold my nose were that in -03 as it
has no effect really, but I'll whine about it later for sure;-)

> [2] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125

I like this one. But the "SHOULD send" and "MUST pad to 260"
seem a bit OTT to me, though I could live with 'em for now.
So consider these nits, not objections:

- Rather than "SHOULD send", it may be better to say something
like "SHOULD frequently send" and leave it to clients to decide
how often to grease. Wouldn't that have the same effect?

- Maybe add that even TLS1.3 clients that don't really do ESNI
MAY grease ESNI? (A bit weird but hey why not?:-)

- Padding to 260 is IIRC the max that works. A CH with such
padding is ~600 bytes. Seems like a waste of bytes to me and
it could stick out depending on real ESNI padding_lengths.
Maybe consider something like "pad to a length that matches
recent traffic" and leave it to clients to figure out what
might stick out less. (I'm not sure every server will ask
for padding to 260 as CF do;-)

Cheers,
S.




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From: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2019 17:55:52 -0600
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To: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
Cc: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, TLS WG <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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Thanks for the comments! Responses inline.

On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 5:00 PM Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
wrote:

>
> Hiya,
>
> On 13/02/2019 22:15, Christopher Wood wrote:
> >
> >
> > [1] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124
>
> I just re-read that. I've a question: why tie the version
> change to this PR and not the I-D rev? I'd prefer if we
> make the change to 0xff02 when -03 is published. (I don't
> care which PR does that, but wouldn't like to see every
> PR bump that number.)
>

I bumped it because the PR was making a wire-incompatible change, but
batching them up to I-D revs makes sense too. No preferences here. (Spec
editors, do you care? I can remove that part of the change.)


> Aside from that I think it's ok (though I may find other
> issues when implementing later) with two caveats that can
> be handled now or later:
>
> 1. The DNS RR structure still needs fixing but that is likely
> better handled separately. (By "fixing" I mean a new RR type
> but also that it needs to be designed for DNS admins as well
> and not only for TLS implementers which is the current case.
> (I'm not saying what might or might not make it more dnsops
> friendly, just that that needs to be checked/done sometime.)
>

I'm guessing this is to do with the various discussions around multi-CDN
and whatnot? That seems orthogonal to that PR. (I don't personally have
particularly strong opinions or experience there.)


> 2. I don't think the text below ought be included, it's not
> the job of this WG to design MITM attacks. (Or maybe I've
> misinterpreted it?)
>
> "The public name, however, makes this protocol compatible with
> deployments that use correctly-implemented MITM proxies. If the
> client has cached an ESNIKey for the origin server, the MITM
> proxy will process the cleartext SNI field and terminate a
> connection to the public name instead. If the client is
> configured to trust the proxy's certificate, it will accept
> the connection as valid for the public name and retry with
> ESNI disabled."
>

That text isn't prescribing any particular behavior. It's just describing
the effect the rest of the text has on "trusted MITM proxies" and the like.
Note this is specifically about "MITM proxies" which control a root
certificate that the client is configured to trust. I will refrain from
commenting on whether this deployment model is at all wise, but it does
exist (antivirus, etc). The text itself is just an updated version of
existing bits here:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-esni-02#section-6.2

As for where this effect comes from, it's a consequence of the rollback and
partial deployment robustness mechanism in the PR:

> If the server negotiates an earlier version of TLS, or if it does not
> provide an "encrypted_server_name" extension in EncryptedExtensions, the
> client proceeds with the handshake, verifying the certificate against
> ESNIKeys.public_name as described in {{verify-public-name}}. The client
MUST
> NOT enable the False Start optimization {{RFC7918}}. If the handshake
completes
> successfully, the client MUST abort the connection with an
"esni_required" alert.
> It then SHOULD retry the handshake with a new transport connection and
ESNI
> disabled."

Or, in other words, IF the server is able to speak authoritatively for the
public name (relatively to the client's trust anchors) but appears to not
understand ESNI at all, that is a signal to the client that ESNI got turned
off or hasn't fully been turned on yet. ESNI involves client state and,
without this, it's risky for a server operator to deploy ESNI. Deployments
are complex systems, and complex systems react to change unpredictably. For
most changes, if some show-stopping problem is found, it is safe to
rollback the change. For instance, clients naturally tolerate servers
turning TLS 1.3 on and off, a fact I'm sure every early adopter of TLS 1.3
has used many times. ESNI, a priori, breaks this property. The intent of
this text is to restore it, without totally breaking it (the stop signal is
authenticated under the public name, the same standard this PR sets for
replacing the key).

It turns out that a user moving in and out of one of these "trusted MITMs"
looks the same as a rollback, so we get robustness to that scenario too.
The current draft attempted to handle this case too, but did so with extra
machinery. From the link above:

>   A Web client client can securely detect case (2) because it will
>   result in a connection which has an invalid identity (most likely)
>   but which is signed by a certificate which does not chain to a
>   publicly known trust anchor.  The client can detect this case and
>   disable ESNI while in that network configuration

Here, there is no name check, so any publicly known root that the client
trusts can be used to trigger that fallback, even if it's just, say, an
intranet server and not a MITM proxy. The PR fixes this by checking the
public name. It only counts as a signal if the server can speak for the
service's public name, not any arbitrary name.

I also don't think I'd implement that fallback in my openssl
> fork. Earlier text says to complete the h/s but to not make
> that visible to the application layer and the above seems to
> conflict with that. I could hold my nose were that in -03 as it
> has no effect really, but I'll whine about it later for sure;-)
>

I'm guessing you're referring to this?

> Note that verifying a connection for the public name does not verify it
for the
> origin. The TLS implementation MUST NOT surface such connections as
successful to
> the application.

That just says you can't report it as successful. Whether you report it to
the application at all depends on your API shape. For a low-level TLS
library that doesn't create transport connections, I'm envisioning it
report failure with a special error code, which higher-level logic can
interpret as a retry. (This is how we handle 0-RTT rejects in BoringSSL.
0-RTT rejects affect connection usage, such as if you thought you were
speaking HTTP/2, but the server rejected and then negotiated HTTP/1.1. It's
ultimately a very funny retry.) For higher-level code that knows how to
make transport connections, one option then is for the retry to be handled
more transparently.


> > [2] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125
>
> I like this one. But the "SHOULD send" and "MUST pad to 260"
> seem a bit OTT to me, though I could live with 'em for now.
> So consider these nits, not objections:
>

(260 is just a SHOULD rather than a MUST. More below.)


> - Rather than "SHOULD send", it may be better to say something
> like "SHOULD frequently send" and leave it to clients to decide
> how often to grease. Wouldn't that have the same effect?
>

Is there any reason not to just do it in every ClientHello?


> - Maybe add that even TLS1.3 clients that don't really do ESNI
> MAY grease ESNI? (A bit weird but hey why not?:-)
>

Indeed! The PR currently says:

> If the client attempts to connect to a server and does not have an
ESNIKeys
> structure available for the server,

Knowing what ESNI is but not really doing it I think counts as "does not
have an ESNIKeys structure available". Do you think it should be called out
more explicitly?


> - Padding to 260 is IIRC the max that works. A CH with such
> padding is ~600 bytes. Seems like a waste of bytes to me and
> it could stick out depending on real ESNI padding_lengths.
> Maybe consider something like "pad to a length that matches
> recent traffic" and leave it to clients to figure out what
> might stick out less. (I'm not sure every server will ask
> for padding to 260 as CF do;-)
>

260 comes from elsewhere which says:

> The length to pad the ServerNameList value to prior to encryption.
> This value SHOULD be set to the largest ServerNameList the server
> expects to support rounded up the nearest multiple of 16. If the
> server supports wildcard names, it SHOULD set this value to 260.

I figured that assuming, by default, that the server supports wildcard
names seemed reasonable so the text mirrored the other SHOULD. Though maybe
that's a bit much? I don't have strong feelings here. What do you think the
text should say? Perhaps it should pick a random multiple-of-16 length
between 64 and 260? Or maybe we should decrease the wildcard value... a
260-byte SNI name is kind of excessive, honestly.

David

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div class=3D"gmail_attr">Thank=
s for the comments! Responses inline.</div><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_=
attr"><br></div><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 =
at 5:00 PM Stephen Farrell &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie"=
>stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gma=
il_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-lef=
t:1ex"><br>
Hiya,<br>
<br>
On 13/02/2019 22:15, Christopher Wood wrote:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; [1] <a href=3D"https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124" =
rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tl=
s-esni/pull/124</a><br>
<br>
I just re-read that. I&#39;ve a question: why tie the version<br>
change to this PR and not the I-D rev? I&#39;d prefer if we<br>
make the change to 0xff02 when -03 is published. (I don&#39;t<br>
care which PR does that, but wouldn&#39;t like to see every<br>
PR bump that number.)<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I bumped it becau=
se the PR was making a wire-incompatible change, but batching them up to I-=
D revs makes sense too. No preferences here. (Spec editors, do you care? I =
can remove that part of the change.)</div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote clas=
s=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;pad=
ding-left:1ex">
Aside from that I think it&#39;s ok (though I may find other<br>
issues when implementing later) with two caveats that can<br>
be handled now or later:<br>
<br>
1. The DNS RR structure still needs fixing but that is likely<br>
better handled separately. (By &quot;fixing&quot; I mean a new RR type<br>
but also that it needs to be designed for DNS admins as well<br>
and not only for TLS implementers which is the current case.<br>
(I&#39;m not saying what might or might not make it more dnsops<br>
friendly, just that that needs to be checked/done sometime.)<br></blockquot=
e><div><br></div><div>I&#39;m guessing this is to do with the various discu=
ssions around multi-CDN and whatnot? That seems orthogonal to that PR. (I d=
on&#39;t personally have particularly strong opinions or experience there.)=
</div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 =
0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
2. I don&#39;t think the text below ought be included, it&#39;s not<br>
the job of this WG to design MITM attacks. (Or maybe I&#39;ve<br>
misinterpreted it?)<br>
<br>
&quot;The public name, however, makes this protocol compatible with<br>
deployments that use correctly-implemented MITM proxies. If the<br>
client has cached an ESNIKey for the origin server, the MITM<br>
proxy will process the cleartext SNI field and terminate a<br>
connection to the public name instead. If the client is<br>
configured to trust the proxy&#39;s certificate, it will accept<br>
the connection as valid for the public name and retry with<br>
ESNI disabled.&quot;<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div><div>That text isn=
&#39;t prescribing any particular behavior. It&#39;s just describing the ef=
fect the rest of the text has on &quot;trusted MITM proxies&quot; and the l=
ike. Note this is specifically about &quot;MITM proxies&quot; which control=
 a root certificate that the client is configured to trust. I will refrain =
from commenting on whether this deployment model is at all wise, but it doe=
s exist (antivirus, etc). The text itself is just an updated version of exi=
sting bits here:</div><div><a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-iet=
f-tls-esni-02#section-6.2">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-esni-=
02#section-6.2</a><br></div><div><br></div><div>As for where this effect co=
mes from, it&#39;s a consequence of the rollback and partial deployment rob=
ustness mechanism in the PR:=C2=A0</div><div><br></div><div>&gt; If the ser=
ver negotiates an earlier version of TLS, or if it does not</div><div>&gt; =
provide an &quot;encrypted_server_name&quot; extension in EncryptedExtensio=
ns, the</div><div>&gt; client proceeds with the handshake, verifying the ce=
rtificate against</div><div>&gt; ESNIKeys.public_name as described in {{ver=
ify-public-name}}. The client MUST</div><div>&gt; NOT enable the False Star=
t optimization {{RFC7918}}. If the handshake completes</div><div>&gt; succe=
ssfully, the client MUST abort the connection with an &quot;esni_required&q=
uot; alert.</div><div>&gt; It then SHOULD retry the handshake with a new tr=
ansport connection and ESNI</div><div>&gt; disabled.&quot;</div><div><br></=
div><div>Or, in other words, IF the server is able to speak authoritatively=
 for the public name (relatively to the client&#39;s trust anchors) but app=
ears to not understand ESNI at all, that is a signal to the client that ESN=
I got turned off or hasn&#39;t fully been turned on yet. ESNI involves clie=
nt state and, without this, it&#39;s risky for a server operator to deploy =
ESNI. Deployments are complex systems, and complex systems react to change =
unpredictably. For most changes, if some show-stopping problem is found, it=
 is safe to rollback the change. For instance, clients naturally tolerate s=
ervers turning TLS 1.3 on and off, a fact I&#39;m sure every early adopter =
of TLS 1.3 has used many times. ESNI, a priori, breaks this property. The i=
ntent of this text is to restore it, without totally breaking it (the stop =
signal is authenticated under the public name, the same standard this PR se=
ts for replacing the key).</div><div><br></div><div>It turns out that a use=
r moving in and out of one of these &quot;trusted MITMs&quot; looks the sam=
e as a rollback, so we get robustness to that scenario too. The current dra=
ft attempted to handle this case too, but did so with extra machinery. From=
 the link above:</div><div><br></div><div><div>&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0A Web clien=
t client can securely detect case (2) because it will</div><div>&gt;=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0result in a connection which has an invalid identity (most likely)</d=
iv><div>&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0but which is signed by a certificate which does no=
t chain to a</div><div>&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0publicly known trust anchor.=C2=A0 =
The client can detect this case and</div><div>&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0disable ESNI=
 while in that network configuration</div></div><div><br></div><div>Here, t=
here is no name check, so any publicly known root that the client trusts ca=
n be used to trigger that fallback, even if it&#39;s just, say, an intranet=
 server and not a MITM proxy. The PR fixes this by checking the public name=
. It only counts as a signal if the server can speak for the service&#39;s =
public name, not any arbitrary name.</div><div><br></div></div><blockquote =
class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid=
;padding-left:1ex">
I also don&#39;t think I&#39;d implement that fallback in my openssl<br>
fork. Earlier text says to complete the h/s but to not make<br>
that visible to the application layer and the above seems to<br>
conflict with that. I could hold my nose were that in -03 as it<br>
has no effect really, but I&#39;ll whine about it later for sure;-)<br></bl=
ockquote><div><br></div><div>I&#39;m guessing you&#39;re referring to this?=
<br></div><div><br></div><div><div>&gt; Note that verifying a connection fo=
r the public name does not verify it for the</div><div>&gt; origin. The TLS=
 implementation MUST NOT surface such connections as successful to</div><di=
v>&gt; the application.</div></div><div><br></div><div>That just says you c=
an&#39;t report it as successful. Whether you report it to the application =
at all depends on your API shape. For a low-level TLS library that doesn&#3=
9;t create transport connections, I&#39;m envisioning it report failure wit=
h a special error code, which higher-level logic can interpret as a retry. =
(This is how we handle 0-RTT rejects in BoringSSL. 0-RTT rejects affect con=
nection usage, such as if you thought you were speaking HTTP/2, but the ser=
ver rejected and then negotiated HTTP/1.1. It&#39;s ultimately a very funny=
 retry.) For higher-level code that knows how to make transport connections=
, one option then is for the retry to be handled more transparently.</div><=
div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8e=
x;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
&gt; [2] <a href=3D"https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125" =
rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tl=
s-esni/pull/125</a><br>
<br>
I like this one. But the &quot;SHOULD send&quot; and &quot;MUST pad to 260&=
quot;<br>
seem a bit OTT to me, though I could live with &#39;em for now.<br>
So consider these nits, not objections:<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div=
>(260 is just a SHOULD rather than a MUST. More below.)</div><div>=C2=A0</d=
iv><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left=
:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
- Rather than &quot;SHOULD send&quot;, it may be better to say something<br=
>
like &quot;SHOULD frequently send&quot; and leave it to clients to decide<b=
r>
how often to grease. Wouldn&#39;t that have the same effect?<br></blockquot=
e><div><br></div><div>Is there any reason not to just do it in every Client=
Hello?</div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"mar=
gin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
- Maybe add that even TLS1.3 clients that don&#39;t really do ESNI<br>
MAY grease ESNI? (A bit weird but hey why not?:-)<br></blockquote><div><br>=
</div><div>Indeed! The PR currently says:</div><div><br></div><div><div>&gt=
; If the client attempts to connect to a server and does not have an ESNIKe=
ys</div><div>&gt; structure available for the server,</div></div><div><br><=
/div><div>Knowing what ESNI is but not really doing it I think counts as &q=
uot;does not have an ESNIKeys structure available&quot;. Do you think it sh=
ould be called out more explicitly?</div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=
=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padd=
ing-left:1ex">
- Padding to 260 is IIRC the max that works. A CH with such<br>
padding is ~600 bytes. Seems like a waste of bytes to me and<br>
it could stick out depending on real ESNI padding_lengths.<br>
Maybe consider something like &quot;pad to a length that matches<br>
recent traffic&quot; and leave it to clients to figure out what<br>
might stick out less. (I&#39;m not sure every server will ask<br>
for padding to 260 as CF do;-)<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>260 come=
s from elsewhere which says:</div><div><br></div><div><div>&gt; The length =
to pad the ServerNameList value to prior to encryption.</div><div>&gt; This=
 value SHOULD be set to the largest ServerNameList the server</div><div>&gt=
; expects to support rounded up the nearest multiple of 16. If the</div><di=
v>&gt; server supports wildcard names, it SHOULD set this value to 260.</di=
v></div><div><br></div><div>I figured that assuming, by default, that the s=
erver supports wildcard names seemed reasonable so the text mirrored the ot=
her SHOULD. Though maybe that&#39;s a bit much? I don&#39;t have strong fee=
lings here. What do you think the text should say? Perhaps it should pick a=
 random multiple-of-16 length between 64 and 260? Or maybe we should decrea=
se the wildcard value... a 260-byte SNI name is kind of excessive, honestly=
.</div><div><br></div><div>David</div></div></div>

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To: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
To: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
Cc: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, TLS WG <tls@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <c49bc68f-bd6a-748c-64a0-9ba4d7091751@cs.tcd.ie>
Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and
 GREASE
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Hiya,

Various bits'n'pieces below...

On 13/02/2019 23:55, David Benjamin wrote:
> Thanks for the comments! Responses inline.
>=20
> On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 5:00 PM Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd=
=2Eie>
> wrote:
>=20
>>
>> Hiya,
>>
>> On 13/02/2019 22:15, Christopher Wood wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>> [1] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124
>>
>> I just re-read that. I've a question: why tie the version
>> change to this PR and not the I-D rev? I'd prefer if we
>> make the change to 0xff02 when -03 is published. (I don't
>> care which PR does that, but wouldn't like to see every
>> PR bump that number.)
>>
>=20
> I bumped it because the PR was making a wire-incompatible change, but
> batching them up to I-D revs makes sense too. No preferences here. (Spe=
c
> editors, do you care? I can remove that part of the change.)
>=20
>=20
>> Aside from that I think it's ok (though I may find other
>> issues when implementing later) with two caveats that can
>> be handled now or later:
>>
>> 1. The DNS RR structure still needs fixing but that is likely
>> better handled separately. (By "fixing" I mean a new RR type
>> but also that it needs to be designed for DNS admins as well
>> and not only for TLS implementers which is the current case.
>> (I'm not saying what might or might not make it more dnsops
>> friendly, just that that needs to be checked/done sometime.)
>>
>=20
> I'm guessing this is to do with the various discussions around multi-CD=
N
> and whatnot? That seems orthogonal to that PR. (I don't personally have=

> particularly strong opinions or experience there.)

Not just that. ESNIKeys is a fairly complex structure that
has a number sets/sequences of values. There are various
possible deployment models. The current structure assumes
that it's ok to encode all that stuff up in one TLS style
blob and then put that in the DNS. That might not make sense
for some deployments in particular where the DNS operator
is not closely tied to the TLS server admin or where there's
1 DNS operator and N TLS server admins (for the same origin).
And then there's the use of the TXT RR. But I agree this
is orthogonal - I was mostly saying that in agreeing with
this PR I continue to think the DNS RR stuff needs other
work.

>=20
>=20
>> 2. I don't think the text below ought be included, it's not
>> the job of this WG to design MITM attacks. (Or maybe I've
>> misinterpreted it?)
>>
>> "The public name, however, makes this protocol compatible with
>> deployments that use correctly-implemented MITM proxies. If the
>> client has cached an ESNIKey for the origin server, the MITM
>> proxy will process the cleartext SNI field and terminate a
>> connection to the public name instead. If the client is
>> configured to trust the proxy's certificate, it will accept
>> the connection as valid for the public name and retry with
>> ESNI disabled."
>>
>=20
> That text isn't prescribing any particular behavior.=20

Then delete it:-)

> It's just describing
> the effect the rest of the text has on "trusted MITM proxies" and the l=
ike.

Disagree. "Just describing" does not match the use of a meaningless
marketing term like "trusted blah proxy" sorry. Better to avoid all
that fuss really, no?

> Note this is specifically about "MITM proxies" which control a root
> certificate that the client is configured to trust. I will refrain from=

> commenting on whether this deployment model is at all wise, but it does=

> exist (antivirus, etc). The text itself is just an updated version of
> existing bits here:
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-esni-02#section-6.2

I don't recall that having a concept of it being possible to
"correctly" implement breaking the TLS protocol? (As is inherent
in being an MITM.)

>=20
> As for where this effect comes from, it's a consequence of the rollback=
 and
> partial deployment robustness mechanism in the PR:
>=20
>> If the server negotiates an earlier version of TLS, or if it does not
>> provide an "encrypted_server_name" extension in EncryptedExtensions, t=
he
>> client proceeds with the handshake, verifying the certificate against
>> ESNIKeys.public_name as described in {{verify-public-name}}. The clien=
t
> MUST
>> NOT enable the False Start optimization {{RFC7918}}. If the handshake
> completes
>> successfully, the client MUST abort the connection with an
> "esni_required" alert.
>> It then SHOULD retry the handshake with a new transport connection and=

> ESNI
>> disabled."
>=20
> Or, in other words, IF the server is able to speak authoritatively for =
the
> public name (relatively to the client's trust anchors) but appears to n=
ot
> understand ESNI at all, that is a signal to the client that ESNI got tu=
rned
> off or hasn't fully been turned on yet. ESNI involves client state and,=

> without this, it's risky for a server operator to deploy ESNI. Deployme=
nts
> are complex systems, and complex systems react to change unpredictably.=
 For
> most changes, if some show-stopping problem is found, it is safe to
> rollback the change. For instance, clients naturally tolerate servers
> turning TLS 1.3 on and off, a fact I'm sure every early adopter of TLS =
1.3
> has used many times. ESNI, a priori, breaks this property. The intent o=
f
> this text is to restore it, without totally breaking it (the stop signa=
l is
> authenticated under the public name, the same standard this PR sets for=

> replacing the key).

It may be ok to live with such fallback whilst ESNI is being
introduced but I think ongoing support for it would be unwise.
And such a fallback requires no discussion of MITM attacks.
(Other than as an attack.)

>=20
> It turns out that a user moving in and out of one of these "trusted MIT=
Ms"

I object to that term again, sorry:-) It's marketing meaninglessness.

> looks the same as a rollback, so we get robustness to that scenario too=
=2E
> The current draft attempted to handle this case too, but did so with ex=
tra
> machinery. From the link above:
>=20
>>   A Web client client can securely detect case (2) because it will
>>   result in a connection which has an invalid identity (most likely)
>>   but which is signed by a certificate which does not chain to a
>>   publicly known trust anchor.  The client can detect this case and
>>   disable ESNI while in that network configuration
>=20
> Here, there is no name check, so any publicly known root that the clien=
t
> trusts can be used to trigger that fallback, even if it's just, say, an=

> intranet server and not a MITM proxy. The PR fixes this by checking the=

> public name. It only counts as a signal if the server can speak for the=

> service's public name, not any arbitrary name.
>=20
> I also don't think I'd implement that fallback in my openssl
>> fork. Earlier text says to complete the h/s but to not make
>> that visible to the application layer and the above seems to
>> conflict with that. I could hold my nose were that in -03 as it
>> has no effect really, but I'll whine about it later for sure;-)
>>
>=20
> I'm guessing you're referring to this?
>=20
>> Note that verifying a connection for the public name does not verify i=
t
> for the
>> origin. The TLS implementation MUST NOT surface such connections as
> successful to
>> the application.
>=20
> That just says you can't report it as successful.=20

"MUST NOT surface" seems like bad phrasing then.

> Whether you report it to
> the application at all depends on your API shape. For a low-level TLS
> library that doesn't create transport connections, I'm envisioning it
> report failure with a special error code, which higher-level logic can
> interpret as a retry.=20

That would be ok. Saying that requires no discussion of MITM attacks.
(My openssl code would actually make that visible to the application
if the application called a status API, but the TLS h/s would have
failed from the application POV even if the h/s looks like it worked
on the wire.)

> (This is how we handle 0-RTT rejects in BoringSSL.
> 0-RTT rejects affect connection usage, such as if you thought you were
> speaking HTTP/2, but the server rejected and then negotiated HTTP/1.1. =
It's
> ultimately a very funny retry.) For higher-level code that knows how to=

> make transport connections, one option then is for the retry to be hand=
led
> more transparently.
>=20
>=20
>>> [2] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125
>>
>> I like this one. But the "SHOULD send" and "MUST pad to 260"
>> seem a bit OTT to me, though I could live with 'em for now.
>> So consider these nits, not objections:
>>
>=20
> (260 is just a SHOULD rather than a MUST. More below.)
>=20
>=20
>> - Rather than "SHOULD send", it may be better to say something
>> like "SHOULD frequently send" and leave it to clients to decide
>> how often to grease. Wouldn't that have the same effect?
>>
>=20
> Is there any reason not to just do it in every ClientHello?

I'd guess that some implementers may be put off by the
wasted bandwidth. Others won't care but if it's the case
that sending a bogus ESNI x% of the time gets as good a
result as sending all the time (which is how I interpret
what the SHOULD calls for) then it seems better to encourage
x% and not 100%.

>=20
>=20
>> - Maybe add that even TLS1.3 clients that don't really do ESNI
>> MAY grease ESNI? (A bit weird but hey why not?:-)
>>
>=20
> Indeed! The PR currently says:
>=20
>> If the client attempts to connect to a server and does not have an
> ESNIKeys
>> structure available for the server,

"The client" in almost all IETF specs means a thing that
really implements the spec. So in this case, yeah, I think
it might be good to say that a TLS client implementer who
only has time to grease and not do the real thing is still
doing good overall by just doing that. (That said, I've no
idea if there'd ever be such an implementer, though when
we did DKIM there were many mail receivers who parsed but
didn't actually check signatures - maybe mail implementers
are more slapdash though:-)

>=20
> Knowing what ESNI is but not really doing it I think counts as "does no=
t
> have an ESNIKeys structure available". Do you think it should be called=
 out
> more explicitly?
>=20
>=20
>> - Padding to 260 is IIRC the max that works. A CH with such
>> padding is ~600 bytes. Seems like a waste of bytes to me and
>> it could stick out depending on real ESNI padding_lengths.
>> Maybe consider something like "pad to a length that matches
>> recent traffic" and leave it to clients to figure out what
>> might stick out less. (I'm not sure every server will ask
>> for padding to 260 as CF do;-)
>>
>=20
> 260 comes from elsewhere which says:
>=20
>> The length to pad the ServerNameList value to prior to encryption.
>> This value SHOULD be set to the largest ServerNameList the server
>> expects to support rounded up the nearest multiple of 16. If the
>> server supports wildcard names, it SHOULD set this value to 260.

Yeah, and I disagree with that too:-)

> I figured that assuming, by default, that the server supports wildcard
> names seemed reasonable so the text mirrored the other SHOULD. Though m=
aybe
> that's a bit much? I don't have strong feelings here. What do you think=
 the
> text should say? Perhaps it should pick a random multiple-of-16 length
> between 64 and 260? Or maybe we should decrease the wildcard value... a=

> 260-byte SNI name is kind of excessive, honestly.

Regardless of the above disagreement about 260, if a client has
been sending a bunch of CH's including real ESNI that are about
400 bytes because some server's ESNIKeys says to pad to 160, and
that client then sends 600 bytes CH's to everyone else, I think
it'd be crystal clear which is grease and which not.

Cheers,
S.

>=20
> David
>=20

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From: Subodh Iyengar <subodh@fb.com>
To: Nick Sullivan <nick@cloudflare.com>
CC: Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net>, "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] Version pinning and indicating the signing algorithm in draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-02
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/aNtu7wBMQ8rF3qdMSshKbjjfqwY>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Version pinning and indicating the signing algorithm in draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-02
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Watson put up a PR https://github.com/tlswg/tls-subcerts/pull/21. I'm going=
 to merge it tomorrow if there's no other feedback on it.
[https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1123811?s=3D400&v=3D4]<https://gi=
thub.com/tlswg/tls-subcerts/pull/21>

Remove protocol from the structure by wbl =B7 Pull Request #21 =B7 tlswg/tl=
s-subcerts<https://github.com/tlswg/tls-subcerts/pull/21>
As discussed in https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/h6DiWQvw7Cc0TXUtc=
7fNfB0fFNg and subsequent.
github.com

Subodh
________________________________
From: Nick Sullivan <nick@cloudflare.com>
Sent: Thursday, January 24, 2019 3:23 PM
To: Subodh Iyengar
Cc: Martin Thomson; tls@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [TLS] Version pinning and indicating the signing algorithm in =
draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-02

I'm also fine with removing the field and would welcome a PR to that effect=
.

Putting in a version to protect a DC from future cross-protocol attacks tha=
t exploit TLS 1.3 smells a bit like over-engineering anyway.

Nick

On Tue, Jan 15, 2019 at 11:54 PM Subodh Iyengar <subodh@fb.com<mailto:subod=
h@fb.com>> wrote:

I don't feel too strongly about the tls version binding and I'd be fine wit=
h removing it to favor operational simplification.


Subodh

________________________________
From: TLS <tls-bounces@ietf.org<mailto:tls-bounces@ietf.org>> on behalf of =
Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net<mailto:mt@lowentropy.net>>
Sent: Tuesday, January 15, 2019 7:39:44 PM
To: tls@ietf.org<mailto:tls@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Version pinning and indicating the signing algorithm in =
draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-02

On Wed, Jan 16, 2019, at 13:35, Subodh Iyengar wrote:
> Usually the negotiation happens during the processing of the client hello=
.

I don't think that the problem here is a code problem.  It's an operational=
 one.

In many ways, the decision to use TLS 1.3 over TLS 1.2 is one that can be m=
ade in isolation.  You decide to flip the switch and flip it.  But if you a=
re doing delegated credentials, deploying a new version depends on having a=
 fallback in place for that version, or getting the vendor of delegated cre=
dentials to start supplying new credentials.  And that assumes that all the=
 necessary stores are keyed correctly (though this highlights the case wher=
e that might not happen), and the code has been written.  It's not that it'=
s impossible, but more that it complicates what was previously uncomplicate=
d.

As you say, the decision to use a delegated credential is fairly simple.

_______________________________________________
TLS mailing list
TLS@ietf.org<mailto:TLS@ietf.org>
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1">
<style type=3D"text/css" style=3D"display:none;"> P {margin-top:0;margin-bo=
ttom:0;} </style>
</head>
<body dir=3D"ltr">
<div style=3D"font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size=
: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
Watson put up a PR&nbsp;<a href=3D"https://github.com/tlswg/tls-subcerts/pu=
ll/21" id=3D"LPlnk105873">https://github.com/tlswg/tls-subcerts/pull/21</a>=
. I'm going to merge it tomorrow if there's no other feedback on it.</div>
<div id=3D"LPBorder_GTaHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL3Rsc3dnL3Rscy1zdWJjZXJ0cy9wd=
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<td>
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t: 12px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;">
<a target=3D"_blank" id=3D"LPImageAnchor832557" href=3D"https://github.com/=
tlswg/tls-subcerts/pull/21"><img id=3D"LPThumbnailImageId832557" alt=3D"" h=
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<div id=3D"LPTitle832557" style=3D"font-size: 21px; font-weight: 300; margi=
n-right: 8px; font-family: wf_segoe-ui_light, &quot;Segoe UI Light&quot;, &=
quot;Segoe WP Light&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, &quot;Segoe WP&quot;, Taho=
ma, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12px;">
<a target=3D"_blank" id=3D"LPUrlAnchor832557" href=3D"https://github.com/tl=
swg/tls-subcerts/pull/21" style=3D"text-decoration: none; color: var(--them=
ePrimary);">Remove protocol from the structure by wbl =B7 Pull Request #21 =
=B7 tlswg/tls-subcerts</a></div>
<div id=3D"LPDescription832557" style=3D"font-size: 14px; max-height: 100px=
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px; margin-right: 8px; overflow: hidden;">
As discussed in https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/h6DiWQvw7Cc0TXUtc=
7fNfB0fFNg and subsequent.</div>
<div id=3D"LPMetadata832557" style=3D"font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; co=
lor: rgb(166, 166, 166); font-family: wf_segoe-ui_normal, &quot;Segoe UI&qu=
ot;, &quot;Segoe WP&quot;, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;">
github.com</div>
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<div style=3D"font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size=
: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
Subodh</div>
<div id=3D"appendonsend"></div>
<hr style=3D"display:inline-block;width:98%" tabindex=3D"-1">
<div id=3D"divRplyFwdMsg" dir=3D"ltr"><font face=3D"Calibri, sans-serif" st=
yle=3D"font-size:11pt" color=3D"#000000"><b>From:</b> Nick Sullivan &lt;nic=
k@cloudflare.com&gt;<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, January 24, 2019 3:23 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Subodh Iyengar<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Martin Thomson; tls@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [TLS] Version pinning and indicating the signing algori=
thm in draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-02</font>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
</div>
<div>
<div dir=3D"ltr">I'm also fine with removing the field and would welcome a =
PR to that effect.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Putting in a version to protect a DC from future cross-protocol attack=
s that exploit TLS 1.3 smells a bit like over-engineering anyway.<br>
<div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Nick</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class=3D"x_gmail_quote">
<div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"x_gmail_attr">On Tue, Jan 15, 2019 at 11:54 PM Su=
bodh Iyengar &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:subodh@fb.com">subodh@fb.com</a>&gt; wro=
te:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class=3D"x_gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex; border-left=
:1px #ccc solid; padding-left:1ex">
<div dir=3D"ltr">
<div id=3D"x_m_6061288404924701110divtagdefaultwrapper" dir=3D"ltr" style=
=3D"font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif=
">
<p style=3D"margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">I don't feel too strongly about =
the tls version binding and I'd be fine with removing it to favor operation=
al simplification.</p>
<p style=3D"margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style=3D"margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">Subodh</p>
</div>
<hr style=3D"display:inline-block; width:98%">
<div id=3D"x_m_6061288404924701110divRplyFwdMsg" dir=3D"ltr"><font face=3D"=
Calibri, sans-serif" color=3D"#000000" style=3D"font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b=
> TLS &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:tls-bounces@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">tls-bou=
nces@ietf.org</a>&gt; on behalf of Martin Thomson &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:mt@=
lowentropy.net" target=3D"_blank">mt@lowentropy.net</a>&gt;<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, January 15, 2019 7:39:44 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:tls@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">tls@ietf.org</=
a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [TLS] Version pinning and indicating the signing algori=
thm in draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-02</font>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
</div>
<div class=3D"x_m_6061288404924701110BodyFragment"><font size=3D"2"><span s=
tyle=3D"font-size:11pt">
<div class=3D"x_m_6061288404924701110PlainText"></div>
</span></font></div>
</div>
<div dir=3D"ltr">
<div class=3D"x_m_6061288404924701110BodyFragment"><font size=3D"2"><span s=
tyle=3D"font-size:11pt">
<div class=3D"x_m_6061288404924701110PlainText">On Wed, Jan 16, 2019, at 13=
:35, Subodh Iyengar wrote:<br>
&gt; Usually the negotiation happens during the processing of the client he=
llo.<br>
<br>
I don't think that the problem here is a code problem.&nbsp; It's an operat=
ional one.<br>
<br>
In many ways, the decision to use TLS 1.3 over TLS 1.2 is one that can be m=
ade in isolation.&nbsp; You decide to flip the switch and flip it.&nbsp; Bu=
t if you are doing delegated credentials, deploying a new version depends o=
n having a fallback in place for that version,
 or getting the vendor of delegated credentials to start supplying new cred=
entials.&nbsp; And that assumes that all the necessary stores are keyed cor=
rectly (though this highlights the case where that might not happen), and t=
he code has been written.&nbsp; It's not that
 it's impossible, but more that it complicates what was previously uncompli=
cated.<br>
<br>
As you say, the decision to use a delegated credential is fairly simple.<br=
>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
TLS mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a><br>
</div>
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tyle=3D"font-size:11pt">
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From: Mike Bishop <mbishop@evequefou.be>
To: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>, David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
CC: TLS WG <tls@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/4BnAb_YScqIMQWbYTDwRfqZWOe0>
Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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From: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2019 19:05:16 -0600
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To: Mike Bishop <mbishop@evequefou.be>
Cc: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>, TLS WG <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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To be clear, the intent of the PR is definitely not to extrapolate any
signals about the current network. That way lies attacks. It's only ever
that one origin. If it turns out that all origins securely disable ESNI,
then that's what happens, but they each have to do so individually.

(A bit late here, so I'll go through the rest of Stephen's response
tomorrow. Wanted to clarify this detail quickly.)

On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 6:59 PM Mike Bishop <mbishop@evequefou.be> wrote:

> Perhaps a better way to phrase it is that a server which successfully
> authenticates as the public_name but does not support ESNI has securely
> disabled ESNI for that origin, subject to the same rules as if it had
> supplied a new ESNI key (i.e. use for now, but don't persist).  Leave as an
> implementation detail heuristics to extrapolate that the current network
> will securely disable ESNI for all origins.
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: TLS <tls-bounces@ietf.org> On Behalf Of Stephen Farrell
> Sent: Wednesday, February 13, 2019 4:24 PM
> To: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
> Cc: TLS WG <tls@ietf.org>
> Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and
> GREASE
>
>
> Hiya,
>
> Various bits'n'pieces below...
>
> On 13/02/2019 23:55, David Benjamin wrote:
> > Thanks for the comments! Responses inline.
> >
> > On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 5:00 PM Stephen Farrell
> > <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
> > wrote:
> >
> >>
> >> Hiya,
> >>
> >> On 13/02/2019 22:15, Christopher Wood wrote:
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> [1] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124
> >>
> >> I just re-read that. I've a question: why tie the version change to
> >> this PR and not the I-D rev? I'd prefer if we make the change to
> >> 0xff02 when -03 is published. (I don't care which PR does that, but
> >> wouldn't like to see every PR bump that number.)
> >>
> >
> > I bumped it because the PR was making a wire-incompatible change, but
> > batching them up to I-D revs makes sense too. No preferences here.
> > (Spec editors, do you care? I can remove that part of the change.)
> >
> >
> >> Aside from that I think it's ok (though I may find other issues when
> >> implementing later) with two caveats that can be handled now or
> >> later:
> >>
> >> 1. The DNS RR structure still needs fixing but that is likely better
> >> handled separately. (By "fixing" I mean a new RR type but also that
> >> it needs to be designed for DNS admins as well and not only for TLS
> >> implementers which is the current case.
> >> (I'm not saying what might or might not make it more dnsops friendly,
> >> just that that needs to be checked/done sometime.)
> >>
> >
> > I'm guessing this is to do with the various discussions around
> > multi-CDN and whatnot? That seems orthogonal to that PR. (I don't
> > personally have particularly strong opinions or experience there.)
>
> Not just that. ESNIKeys is a fairly complex structure that has a number
> sets/sequences of values. There are various possible deployment models. The
> current structure assumes that it's ok to encode all that stuff up in one
> TLS style blob and then put that in the DNS. That might not make sense for
> some deployments in particular where the DNS operator is not closely tied
> to the TLS server admin or where there's
> 1 DNS operator and N TLS server admins (for the same origin).
> And then there's the use of the TXT RR. But I agree this is orthogonal - I
> was mostly saying that in agreeing with this PR I continue to think the DNS
> RR stuff needs other work.
>
> >
> >
> >> 2. I don't think the text below ought be included, it's not the job
> >> of this WG to design MITM attacks. (Or maybe I've misinterpreted it?)
> >>
> >> "The public name, however, makes this protocol compatible with
> >> deployments that use correctly-implemented MITM proxies. If the
> >> client has cached an ESNIKey for the origin server, the MITM proxy
> >> will process the cleartext SNI field and terminate a connection to
> >> the public name instead. If the client is configured to trust the
> >> proxy's certificate, it will accept the connection as valid for the
> >> public name and retry with ESNI disabled."
> >>
> >
> > That text isn't prescribing any particular behavior.
>
> Then delete it:-)
>
> > It's just describing
> > the effect the rest of the text has on "trusted MITM proxies" and the
> like.
>
> Disagree. "Just describing" does not match the use of a meaningless
> marketing term like "trusted blah proxy" sorry. Better to avoid all that
> fuss really, no?
>
> > Note this is specifically about "MITM proxies" which control a root
> > certificate that the client is configured to trust. I will refrain
> > from commenting on whether this deployment model is at all wise, but
> > it does exist (antivirus, etc). The text itself is just an updated
> > version of existing bits here:
> > https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-esni-02#section-6.2
>
> I don't recall that having a concept of it being possible to "correctly"
> implement breaking the TLS protocol? (As is inherent in being an MITM.)
>
> >
> > As for where this effect comes from, it's a consequence of the
> > rollback and partial deployment robustness mechanism in the PR:
> >
> >> If the server negotiates an earlier version of TLS, or if it does not
> >> provide an "encrypted_server_name" extension in EncryptedExtensions,
> >> the client proceeds with the handshake, verifying the certificate
> >> against ESNIKeys.public_name as described in {{verify-public-name}}.
> >> The client
> > MUST
> >> NOT enable the False Start optimization {{RFC7918}}. If the handshake
> > completes
> >> successfully, the client MUST abort the connection with an
> > "esni_required" alert.
> >> It then SHOULD retry the handshake with a new transport connection
> >> and
> > ESNI
> >> disabled."
> >
> > Or, in other words, IF the server is able to speak authoritatively for
> > the public name (relatively to the client's trust anchors) but appears
> > to not understand ESNI at all, that is a signal to the client that
> > ESNI got turned off or hasn't fully been turned on yet. ESNI involves
> > client state and, without this, it's risky for a server operator to
> > deploy ESNI. Deployments are complex systems, and complex systems
> > react to change unpredictably. For most changes, if some show-stopping
> > problem is found, it is safe to rollback the change. For instance,
> > clients naturally tolerate servers turning TLS 1.3 on and off, a fact
> > I'm sure every early adopter of TLS 1.3 has used many times. ESNI, a
> > priori, breaks this property. The intent of this text is to restore
> > it, without totally breaking it (the stop signal is authenticated
> > under the public name, the same standard this PR sets for replacing the
> key).
>
> It may be ok to live with such fallback whilst ESNI is being introduced
> but I think ongoing support for it would be unwise.
> And such a fallback requires no discussion of MITM attacks.
> (Other than as an attack.)
>
> >
> > It turns out that a user moving in and out of one of these "trusted
> MITMs"
>
> I object to that term again, sorry:-) It's marketing meaninglessness.
>
> > looks the same as a rollback, so we get robustness to that scenario too.
> > The current draft attempted to handle this case too, but did so with
> > extra machinery. From the link above:
> >
> >>   A Web client client can securely detect case (2) because it will
> >>   result in a connection which has an invalid identity (most likely)
> >>   but which is signed by a certificate which does not chain to a
> >>   publicly known trust anchor.  The client can detect this case and
> >>   disable ESNI while in that network configuration
> >
> > Here, there is no name check, so any publicly known root that the
> > client trusts can be used to trigger that fallback, even if it's just,
> > say, an intranet server and not a MITM proxy. The PR fixes this by
> > checking the public name. It only counts as a signal if the server can
> > speak for the service's public name, not any arbitrary name.
> >
> > I also don't think I'd implement that fallback in my openssl
> >> fork. Earlier text says to complete the h/s but to not make that
> >> visible to the application layer and the above seems to conflict with
> >> that. I could hold my nose were that in -03 as it has no effect
> >> really, but I'll whine about it later for sure;-)
> >>
> >
> > I'm guessing you're referring to this?
> >
> >> Note that verifying a connection for the public name does not verify
> >> it
> > for the
> >> origin. The TLS implementation MUST NOT surface such connections as
> > successful to
> >> the application.
> >
> > That just says you can't report it as successful.
>
> "MUST NOT surface" seems like bad phrasing then.
>
> > Whether you report it to
> > the application at all depends on your API shape. For a low-level TLS
> > library that doesn't create transport connections, I'm envisioning it
> > report failure with a special error code, which higher-level logic can
> > interpret as a retry.
>
> That would be ok. Saying that requires no discussion of MITM attacks.
> (My openssl code would actually make that visible to the application if
> the application called a status API, but the TLS h/s would have failed from
> the application POV even if the h/s looks like it worked on the wire.)
>
> > (This is how we handle 0-RTT rejects in BoringSSL.
> > 0-RTT rejects affect connection usage, such as if you thought you were
> > speaking HTTP/2, but the server rejected and then negotiated HTTP/1.1.
> > It's ultimately a very funny retry.) For higher-level code that knows
> > how to make transport connections, one option then is for the retry to
> > be handled more transparently.
> >
> >
> >>> [2] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125
> >>
> >> I like this one. But the "SHOULD send" and "MUST pad to 260"
> >> seem a bit OTT to me, though I could live with 'em for now.
> >> So consider these nits, not objections:
> >>
> >
> > (260 is just a SHOULD rather than a MUST. More below.)
> >
> >
> >> - Rather than "SHOULD send", it may be better to say something like
> >> "SHOULD frequently send" and leave it to clients to decide how often
> >> to grease. Wouldn't that have the same effect?
> >>
> >
> > Is there any reason not to just do it in every ClientHello?
>
> I'd guess that some implementers may be put off by the wasted bandwidth.
> Others won't care but if it's the case that sending a bogus ESNI x% of the
> time gets as good a result as sending all the time (which is how I
> interpret what the SHOULD calls for) then it seems better to encourage x%
> and not 100%.
>
> >
> >
> >> - Maybe add that even TLS1.3 clients that don't really do ESNI MAY
> >> grease ESNI? (A bit weird but hey why not?:-)
> >>
> >
> > Indeed! The PR currently says:
> >
> >> If the client attempts to connect to a server and does not have an
> > ESNIKeys
> >> structure available for the server,
>
> "The client" in almost all IETF specs means a thing that really implements
> the spec. So in this case, yeah, I think it might be good to say that a TLS
> client implementer who only has time to grease and not do the real thing is
> still doing good overall by just doing that. (That said, I've no idea if
> there'd ever be such an implementer, though when we did DKIM there were
> many mail receivers who parsed but didn't actually check signatures - maybe
> mail implementers are more slapdash though:-)
>
> >
> > Knowing what ESNI is but not really doing it I think counts as "does
> > not have an ESNIKeys structure available". Do you think it should be
> > called out more explicitly?
> >
> >
> >> - Padding to 260 is IIRC the max that works. A CH with such padding
> >> is ~600 bytes. Seems like a waste of bytes to me and it could stick
> >> out depending on real ESNI padding_lengths.
> >> Maybe consider something like "pad to a length that matches recent
> >> traffic" and leave it to clients to figure out what might stick out
> >> less. (I'm not sure every server will ask for padding to 260 as CF
> >> do;-)
> >>
> >
> > 260 comes from elsewhere which says:
> >
> >> The length to pad the ServerNameList value to prior to encryption.
> >> This value SHOULD be set to the largest ServerNameList the server
> >> expects to support rounded up the nearest multiple of 16. If the
> >> server supports wildcard names, it SHOULD set this value to 260.
>
> Yeah, and I disagree with that too:-)
>
> > I figured that assuming, by default, that the server supports wildcard
> > names seemed reasonable so the text mirrored the other SHOULD. Though
> > maybe that's a bit much? I don't have strong feelings here. What do
> > you think the text should say? Perhaps it should pick a random
> > multiple-of-16 length between 64 and 260? Or maybe we should decrease
> > the wildcard value... a 260-byte SNI name is kind of excessive, honestly.
>
> Regardless of the above disagreement about 260, if a client has been
> sending a bunch of CH's including real ESNI that are about
> 400 bytes because some server's ESNIKeys says to pad to 160, and that
> client then sends 600 bytes CH's to everyone else, I think it'd be crystal
> clear which is grease and which not.
>
> Cheers,
> S.
>
> >
> > David
> >
>

--000000000000201a720581d041f6
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr">To be clear, the intent of the PR is definitely not to ext=
rapolate any signals about the current network. That way lies attacks. It&#=
39;s only ever that one origin. If it turns out that all origins securely d=
isable ESNI, then that&#39;s what happens, but they each have to do so indi=
vidually.<div><div dir=3D"ltr"><br>(A bit late here, so I&#39;ll go through=
 the rest of Stephen&#39;s response tomorrow. Wanted to clarify this detail=
 quickly.)</div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_q=
uote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 6:59 PM=
 Mike Bishop &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:mbishop@evequefou.be" target=3D"_blank">=
mbishop@evequefou.be</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quo=
te" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"=
>Perhaps a better way to phrase it is that a server which successfully auth=
enticates as the public_name but does not support ESNI has securely disable=
d ESNI for that origin, subject to the same rules as if it had supplied a n=
ew ESNI key (i.e. use for now, but don&#39;t persist).=C2=A0 Leave as an im=
plementation detail heuristics to extrapolate that the current network will=
 securely disable ESNI for all origins.<br>
<br>
-----Original Message-----<br>
From: TLS &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:tls-bounces@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">tls=
-bounces@ietf.org</a>&gt; On Behalf Of Stephen Farrell<br>
Sent: Wednesday, February 13, 2019 4:24 PM<br>
To: David Benjamin &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:davidben@chromium.org" target=3D"_=
blank">davidben@chromium.org</a>&gt;<br>
Cc: TLS WG &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:tls@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">tls@ietf.o=
rg</a>&gt;<br>
Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GR=
EASE<br>
<br>
<br>
Hiya,<br>
<br>
Various bits&#39;n&#39;pieces below...<br>
<br>
On 13/02/2019 23:55, David Benjamin wrote:<br>
&gt; Thanks for the comments! Responses inline.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 5:00 PM Stephen Farrell <br>
&gt; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie" target=3D"_blank">ste=
phen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie</a>&gt;<br>
&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Hiya,<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; On 13/02/2019 22:15, Christopher Wood wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; [1] <a href=3D"https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pu=
ll/124" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://github.com/tlswg/draft=
-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124</a><br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; I just re-read that. I&#39;ve a question: why tie the version chan=
ge to <br>
&gt;&gt; this PR and not the I-D rev? I&#39;d prefer if we make the change =
to <br>
&gt;&gt; 0xff02 when -03 is published. (I don&#39;t care which PR does that=
, but <br>
&gt;&gt; wouldn&#39;t like to see every PR bump that number.)<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; I bumped it because the PR was making a wire-incompatible change, but =
<br>
&gt; batching them up to I-D revs makes sense too. No preferences here. <br=
>
&gt; (Spec editors, do you care? I can remove that part of the change.)<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt; Aside from that I think it&#39;s ok (though I may find other issue=
s when <br>
&gt;&gt; implementing later) with two caveats that can be handled now or <b=
r>
&gt;&gt; later:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; 1. The DNS RR structure still needs fixing but that is likely bett=
er <br>
&gt;&gt; handled separately. (By &quot;fixing&quot; I mean a new RR type bu=
t also that <br>
&gt;&gt; it needs to be designed for DNS admins as well and not only for TL=
S <br>
&gt;&gt; implementers which is the current case.<br>
&gt;&gt; (I&#39;m not saying what might or might not make it more dnsops fr=
iendly, <br>
&gt;&gt; just that that needs to be checked/done sometime.)<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; I&#39;m guessing this is to do with the various discussions around <br=
>
&gt; multi-CDN and whatnot? That seems orthogonal to that PR. (I don&#39;t =
<br>
&gt; personally have particularly strong opinions or experience there.)<br>
<br>
Not just that. ESNIKeys is a fairly complex structure that has a number set=
s/sequences of values. There are various possible deployment models. The cu=
rrent structure assumes that it&#39;s ok to encode all that stuff up in one=
 TLS style blob and then put that in the DNS. That might not make sense for=
 some deployments in particular where the DNS operator is not closely tied =
to the TLS server admin or where there&#39;s<br>
1 DNS operator and N TLS server admins (for the same origin).<br>
And then there&#39;s the use of the TXT RR. But I agree this is orthogonal =
- I was mostly saying that in agreeing with this PR I continue to think the=
 DNS RR stuff needs other work.<br>
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt; 2. I don&#39;t think the text below ought be included, it&#39;s no=
t the job <br>
&gt;&gt; of this WG to design MITM attacks. (Or maybe I&#39;ve misinterpret=
ed it?)<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &quot;The public name, however, makes this protocol compatible wit=
h <br>
&gt;&gt; deployments that use correctly-implemented MITM proxies. If the <b=
r>
&gt;&gt; client has cached an ESNIKey for the origin server, the MITM proxy=
 <br>
&gt;&gt; will process the cleartext SNI field and terminate a connection to=
 <br>
&gt;&gt; the public name instead. If the client is configured to trust the =
<br>
&gt;&gt; proxy&#39;s certificate, it will accept the connection as valid fo=
r the <br>
&gt;&gt; public name and retry with ESNI disabled.&quot;<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; That text isn&#39;t prescribing any particular behavior. <br>
<br>
Then delete it:-)<br>
<br>
&gt; It&#39;s just describing<br>
&gt; the effect the rest of the text has on &quot;trusted MITM proxies&quot=
; and the like.<br>
<br>
Disagree. &quot;Just describing&quot; does not match the use of a meaningle=
ss marketing term like &quot;trusted blah proxy&quot; sorry. Better to avoi=
d all that fuss really, no?<br>
<br>
&gt; Note this is specifically about &quot;MITM proxies&quot; which control=
 a root <br>
&gt; certificate that the client is configured to trust. I will refrain <br=
>
&gt; from commenting on whether this deployment model is at all wise, but <=
br>
&gt; it does exist (antivirus, etc). The text itself is just an updated <br=
>
&gt; version of existing bits here:<br>
&gt; <a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-esni-02#section-=
6.2" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft=
-ietf-tls-esni-02#section-6.2</a><br>
<br>
I don&#39;t recall that having a concept of it being possible to &quot;corr=
ectly&quot; implement breaking the TLS protocol? (As is inherent in being a=
n MITM.)<br>
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; As for where this effect comes from, it&#39;s a consequence of the <br=
>
&gt; rollback and partial deployment robustness mechanism in the PR:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt; If the server negotiates an earlier version of TLS, or if it does =
not <br>
&gt;&gt; provide an &quot;encrypted_server_name&quot; extension in Encrypte=
dExtensions, <br>
&gt;&gt; the client proceeds with the handshake, verifying the certificate =
<br>
&gt;&gt; against ESNIKeys.public_name as described in {{verify-public-name}=
}. <br>
&gt;&gt; The client<br>
&gt; MUST<br>
&gt;&gt; NOT enable the False Start optimization {{RFC7918}}. If the handsh=
ake<br>
&gt; completes<br>
&gt;&gt; successfully, the client MUST abort the connection with an<br>
&gt; &quot;esni_required&quot; alert.<br>
&gt;&gt; It then SHOULD retry the handshake with a new transport connection=
 <br>
&gt;&gt; and<br>
&gt; ESNI<br>
&gt;&gt; disabled.&quot;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Or, in other words, IF the server is able to speak authoritatively for=
 <br>
&gt; the public name (relatively to the client&#39;s trust anchors) but app=
ears <br>
&gt; to not understand ESNI at all, that is a signal to the client that <br=
>
&gt; ESNI got turned off or hasn&#39;t fully been turned on yet. ESNI invol=
ves <br>
&gt; client state and, without this, it&#39;s risky for a server operator t=
o <br>
&gt; deploy ESNI. Deployments are complex systems, and complex systems <br>
&gt; react to change unpredictably. For most changes, if some show-stopping=
 <br>
&gt; problem is found, it is safe to rollback the change. For instance, <br=
>
&gt; clients naturally tolerate servers turning TLS 1.3 on and off, a fact =
<br>
&gt; I&#39;m sure every early adopter of TLS 1.3 has used many times. ESNI,=
 a <br>
&gt; priori, breaks this property. The intent of this text is to restore <b=
r>
&gt; it, without totally breaking it (the stop signal is authenticated <br>
&gt; under the public name, the same standard this PR sets for replacing th=
e key).<br>
<br>
It may be ok to live with such fallback whilst ESNI is being introduced but=
 I think ongoing support for it would be unwise.<br>
And such a fallback requires no discussion of MITM attacks.<br>
(Other than as an attack.)<br>
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; It turns out that a user moving in and out of one of these &quot;trust=
ed MITMs&quot;<br>
<br>
I object to that term again, sorry:-) It&#39;s marketing meaninglessness.<b=
r>
<br>
&gt; looks the same as a rollback, so we get robustness to that scenario to=
o.<br>
&gt; The current draft attempted to handle this case too, but did so with <=
br>
&gt; extra machinery. From the link above:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0A Web client client can securely detect case (2) becau=
se it will<br>
&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0result in a connection which has an invalid identity (=
most likely)<br>
&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0but which is signed by a certificate which does not ch=
ain to a<br>
&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0publicly known trust anchor.=C2=A0 The client can dete=
ct this case and<br>
&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0disable ESNI while in that network configuration<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Here, there is no name check, so any publicly known root that the <br>
&gt; client trusts can be used to trigger that fallback, even if it&#39;s j=
ust, <br>
&gt; say, an intranet server and not a MITM proxy. The PR fixes this by <br=
>
&gt; checking the public name. It only counts as a signal if the server can=
 <br>
&gt; speak for the service&#39;s public name, not any arbitrary name.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; I also don&#39;t think I&#39;d implement that fallback in my openssl<b=
r>
&gt;&gt; fork. Earlier text says to complete the h/s but to not make that <=
br>
&gt;&gt; visible to the application layer and the above seems to conflict w=
ith <br>
&gt;&gt; that. I could hold my nose were that in -03 as it has no effect <b=
r>
&gt;&gt; really, but I&#39;ll whine about it later for sure;-)<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; I&#39;m guessing you&#39;re referring to this?<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt; Note that verifying a connection for the public name does not veri=
fy <br>
&gt;&gt; it<br>
&gt; for the<br>
&gt;&gt; origin. The TLS implementation MUST NOT surface such connections a=
s<br>
&gt; successful to<br>
&gt;&gt; the application.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; That just says you can&#39;t report it as successful. <br>
<br>
&quot;MUST NOT surface&quot; seems like bad phrasing then.<br>
<br>
&gt; Whether you report it to<br>
&gt; the application at all depends on your API shape. For a low-level TLS =
<br>
&gt; library that doesn&#39;t create transport connections, I&#39;m envisio=
ning it <br>
&gt; report failure with a special error code, which higher-level logic can=
 <br>
&gt; interpret as a retry.<br>
<br>
That would be ok. Saying that requires no discussion of MITM attacks.<br>
(My openssl code would actually make that visible to the application if the=
 application called a status API, but the TLS h/s would have failed from th=
e application POV even if the h/s looks like it worked on the wire.)<br>
<br>
&gt; (This is how we handle 0-RTT rejects in BoringSSL.<br>
&gt; 0-RTT rejects affect connection usage, such as if you thought you were=
 <br>
&gt; speaking HTTP/2, but the server rejected and then negotiated HTTP/1.1.=
 <br>
&gt; It&#39;s ultimately a very funny retry.) For higher-level code that kn=
ows <br>
&gt; how to make transport connections, one option then is for the retry to=
 <br>
&gt; be handled more transparently.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; [2] <a href=3D"https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pu=
ll/125" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://github.com/tlswg/draft=
-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125</a><br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; I like this one. But the &quot;SHOULD send&quot; and &quot;MUST pa=
d to 260&quot;<br>
&gt;&gt; seem a bit OTT to me, though I could live with &#39;em for now.<br=
>
&gt;&gt; So consider these nits, not objections:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; (260 is just a SHOULD rather than a MUST. More below.)<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt; - Rather than &quot;SHOULD send&quot;, it may be better to say som=
ething like <br>
&gt;&gt; &quot;SHOULD frequently send&quot; and leave it to clients to deci=
de how often <br>
&gt;&gt; to grease. Wouldn&#39;t that have the same effect?<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Is there any reason not to just do it in every ClientHello?<br>
<br>
I&#39;d guess that some implementers may be put off by the wasted bandwidth=
. Others won&#39;t care but if it&#39;s the case that sending a bogus ESNI =
x% of the time gets as good a result as sending all the time (which is how =
I interpret what the SHOULD calls for) then it seems better to encourage x%=
 and not 100%.<br>
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt; - Maybe add that even TLS1.3 clients that don&#39;t really do ESNI=
 MAY <br>
&gt;&gt; grease ESNI? (A bit weird but hey why not?:-)<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Indeed! The PR currently says:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt; If the client attempts to connect to a server and does not have an=
<br>
&gt; ESNIKeys<br>
&gt;&gt; structure available for the server,<br>
<br>
&quot;The client&quot; in almost all IETF specs means a thing that really i=
mplements the spec. So in this case, yeah, I think it might be good to say =
that a TLS client implementer who only has time to grease and not do the re=
al thing is still doing good overall by just doing that. (That said, I&#39;=
ve no idea if there&#39;d ever be such an implementer, though when we did D=
KIM there were many mail receivers who parsed but didn&#39;t actually check=
 signatures - maybe mail implementers are more slapdash though:-)<br>
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Knowing what ESNI is but not really doing it I think counts as &quot;d=
oes <br>
&gt; not have an ESNIKeys structure available&quot;. Do you think it should=
 be <br>
&gt; called out more explicitly?<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt; - Padding to 260 is IIRC the max that works. A CH with such paddin=
g <br>
&gt;&gt; is ~600 bytes. Seems like a waste of bytes to me and it could stic=
k <br>
&gt;&gt; out depending on real ESNI padding_lengths.<br>
&gt;&gt; Maybe consider something like &quot;pad to a length that matches r=
ecent <br>
&gt;&gt; traffic&quot; and leave it to clients to figure out what might sti=
ck out <br>
&gt;&gt; less. (I&#39;m not sure every server will ask for padding to 260 a=
s CF <br>
&gt;&gt; do;-)<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; 260 comes from elsewhere which says:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt; The length to pad the ServerNameList value to prior to encryption.=
<br>
&gt;&gt; This value SHOULD be set to the largest ServerNameList the server =
<br>
&gt;&gt; expects to support rounded up the nearest multiple of 16. If the <=
br>
&gt;&gt; server supports wildcard names, it SHOULD set this value to 260.<b=
r>
<br>
Yeah, and I disagree with that too:-)<br>
<br>
&gt; I figured that assuming, by default, that the server supports wildcard=
 <br>
&gt; names seemed reasonable so the text mirrored the other SHOULD. Though =
<br>
&gt; maybe that&#39;s a bit much? I don&#39;t have strong feelings here. Wh=
at do <br>
&gt; you think the text should say? Perhaps it should pick a random <br>
&gt; multiple-of-16 length between 64 and 260? Or maybe we should decrease =
<br>
&gt; the wildcard value... a 260-byte SNI name is kind of excessive, honest=
ly.<br>
<br>
Regardless of the above disagreement about 260, if a client has been sendin=
g a bunch of CH&#39;s including real ESNI that are about<br>
400 bytes because some server&#39;s ESNIKeys says to pad to 160, and that c=
lient then sends 600 bytes CH&#39;s to everyone else, I think it&#39;d be c=
rystal clear which is grease and which not.<br>
<br>
Cheers,<br>
S.<br>
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; David<br>
&gt; <br>
</blockquote></div></div></div></div></div>

--000000000000201a720581d041f6--


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Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2019 20:36:44 -0500
From: Roelof DuToit <r@nerd.ninja>
To: "Christopher Wood" <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, "TLS WG" <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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Questions for PR [1]:



* Regarding this text:

The client MUST NOT use the server-provided retry keys until the handshake =
completes successfully. On success, it MUST NOT overwrite the DNS-provided =
keys with the retry keys. It MUST use the retry keys at most once and conti=
nue offering DNS-provided keys for subsequent connections. This avoids intr=
oducing a tracking vector, should a malicious server present client-specifi=
c retry keys.



.. specifically this part: ".. use the retry keys at most once".=C2=A0=20

Q1: Are you saying the client should persistently remember which public_nam=
e values triggered retry keys?=C2=A0 For how long?

Q2: What happens if fronting server A sent retry keys, and the subsequent t=
ransport connection ends up on server B, which also sends retry keys?





--Roelof




---- On Wed, 13 Feb 2019 17:15:57 -0500=C2=A0Christopher Wood <christopherw=
ood07@gmail.com> wrote ----




Hi folks,



PRs [1] and [2] need a little more review before we merge since=20

they=E2=80=99re non-trivial changes. Please have a look and let the list kn=
ow=20

if you have objections with the contents therein. Otherwise, we will=20

merge them by the end of the next week.



Thanks!

Chris (no hat)



[1] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124

[2] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125



_______________________________________________

TLS mailing list

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https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head>=
<meta content=3D"text/html;charset=3DUTF-8" http-equiv=3D"Content-Type"></h=
ead><body ><div style=3D'font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica=
,sans-serif;color:#00000;'><div>Questions for PR [1]:<br></div><div><br></d=
iv><div>* Regarding this text:<br></div><div><span class=3D"highlight" styl=
e=3D"background-color:rgb(230, 255, 237)"><span class=3D"colour" style=3D"c=
olor:rgb(36, 41, 46)"><span class=3D"font" style=3D"font-family:-apple-syst=
em, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif,=
 &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI =
Symbol&quot;"><span class=3D"size" style=3D"font-size:16px">The client MUST=
 NOT use the server-provided retry keys until the handshake completes succe=
ssfully. On success, it MUST NOT overwrite the DNS-provided keys with the r=
etry keys. It MUST use the retry keys at most once and continue offering DN=
S-provided keys for subsequent connections. This avoids introducing a track=
ing vector, should a malicious server present client-specific retry keys.</=
span></span></span></span><br></div><div><br></div><div>.. specifically thi=
s part: ".. use the retry keys at most once".&nbsp; <br></div><div>Q1: Are =
you saying the client should persistently remember which public_name values=
 triggered retry keys?&nbsp; For how long?<br></div><div>Q2: What happens i=
f fronting server A sent retry keys, and the subsequent transport connectio=
n ends up on server B, which also sends retry keys?<br></div><div><br></div=
><div><br></div><div>--Roelof</div><div><br></div><div class=3D"zmail_extra=
"><div id=3D"Zm-_Id_-Sgn1"><div><br></div><div>---- On Wed, 13 Feb 2019 17:=
15:57 -0500&nbsp;<b>Christopher Wood &lt;christopherwood07@gmail.com&gt;</b=
> wrote ----<br></div></div><div><br></div><blockquote style=3D"border-left=
: 1px solid #cccccc; padding-left: 6px; margin:0 0 0 5px"><div><div>Hi folk=
s,<br></div><div><br></div><div>PRs [1] and [2] need a little more review b=
efore we merge since <br></div><div>they=E2=80=99re non-trivial changes. Pl=
ease have a look and let the list know <br></div><div>if you have objection=
s with the contents therein. Otherwise, we will <br></div><div>merge them b=
y the end of the next week.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Thanks!<br></div><=
div>Chris (no hat)<br></div><div><br></div><div>[1] <a target=3D"_blank" hr=
ef=3D"https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124">https://github=
.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124</a><br></div><div>[2] <a target=3D"=
_blank" href=3D"https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125">http=
s://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125</a><br></div><div><br></d=
iv><div>_______________________________________________<br></div><div>TLS m=
ailing list<br></div><div><a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org"=
>TLS@ietf.org</a><br></div><div><a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"https://www.ie=
tf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><=
br></div></div></blockquote></div><div><br></div></div><br></body></html>
------=_Part_670212_550301185.1550108204318--



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References: <714E43FA-3660-485A-8E50-04EE43F8DA2E@gmail.com> <168e9a61d1e.cce5c9ea206228.28832954982140191@nerd.ninja>
In-Reply-To: <168e9a61d1e.cce5c9ea206228.28832954982140191@nerd.ninja>
From: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2019 12:00:16 -0600
Message-ID: <CAF8qwaD1qSZWs-14WF3sYo1cKK4jjSoce3JaQzfj7HqmWOTKjA@mail.gmail.com>
To: Roelof DuToit <r@nerd.ninja>
Cc: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, TLS WG <tls@ietf.org>
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="0000000000000811d30581de6fe6"
Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/aRs-eBwJSPcMC_BtgKdwQdvFlBY>
Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:37 PM Roelof DuToit <r@nerd.ninja> wrote:

> Questions for PR [1]:
>
> * Regarding this text:
> The client MUST NOT use the server-provided retry keys until the handshak=
e
> completes successfully. On success, it MUST NOT overwrite the DNS-provide=
d
> keys with the retry keys. It MUST use the retry keys at most once and
> continue offering DNS-provided keys for subsequent connections. This avoi=
ds
> introducing a tracking vector, should a malicious server present
> client-specific retry keys.
>
> .. specifically this part: ".. use the retry keys at most once".
> Q1: Are you saying the client should persistently remember which
> public_name values triggered retry keys?  For how long?
>

No, exactly the opposite. You use the retry key for just the retry and then
forget about it.
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/xBEHe1_CcYEYinZQHxWGq8vjA0Q

Q2: What happens if fronting server A sent retry keys, and the subsequent
> transport connection ends up on server B, which also sends retry keys?
>

You keep retrying. And hen you hit the text which says:

> Clients SHOULD implement a limit on retries caused by
"esni_retry_request" or
> servers which do not acknowledge the "encrypted_server_name" extension.

This is an error-correcting mechanism to avoid deployment risks. If your
TLS deployment is so out of sync with itself that:

- It deployed ESNI keys in the DNS that your servers do not understand.
- Even on a retry to presumably the same IP address, you hit a different
server node.
- Your load balancer keeps bouncing between different server nodes
connections right after each other.
- Each of your server nodes believes in a totally disjoint set of ESNI keys=
.

Then I think giving up and failing the connection is not the end of the
world.



>
> --Roelof
>
>
> ---- On Wed, 13 Feb 2019 17:15:57 -0500 *Christopher Wood
> <christopherwood07@gmail.com <christopherwood07@gmail.com>>* wrote ----
>
> Hi folks,
>
> PRs [1] and [2] need a little more review before we merge since
> they=E2=80=99re non-trivial changes. Please have a look and let the list =
know
> if you have objections with the contents therein. Otherwise, we will
> merge them by the end of the next week.
>
> Thanks!
> Chris (no hat)
>
> [1] https://github..com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124
> <https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124>
>
> [2] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>

--0000000000000811d30581de6fe6
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail=
_attr">On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:37 PM Roelof DuToit &lt;r@nerd.ninja&gt; w=
rote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex=
;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><u></u><div><div style=3D"fon=
t-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#00000"><d=
iv>Questions for PR [1]:<br></div><div><br></div><div>* Regarding this text=
:<br></div><div><span class=3D"m_7634042182849595028highlight" style=3D"bac=
kground-color:rgb(230,255,237)"><span class=3D"m_7634042182849595028colour"=
 style=3D"color:rgb(36,41,46)"><span class=3D"m_7634042182849595028font" st=
yle=3D"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,He=
lvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI Emoji=
&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;"><span class=3D"m_7634042182849595028siz=
e" style=3D"font-size:16px">The client MUST NOT use the server-provided ret=
ry keys until the handshake completes successfully. On success, it MUST NOT=
 overwrite the DNS-provided keys with the retry keys. It MUST use the retry=
 keys at most once and continue offering DNS-provided keys for subsequent c=
onnections. This avoids introducing a tracking vector, should a malicious s=
erver present client-specific retry keys.</span></span></span></span><br></=
div><div><br></div><div>.. specifically this part: &quot;.. use the retry k=
eys at most once&quot;.=C2=A0 <br></div><div>Q1: Are you saying the client =
should persistently remember which public_name values triggered retry keys?=
=C2=A0 For how long?<br></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>=
No, exactly the opposite. You use the retry key for just the retry and then=
 forget about it.</div><div><a href=3D"https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/ms=
g/tls/xBEHe1_CcYEYinZQHxWGq8vjA0Q">https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tl=
s/xBEHe1_CcYEYinZQHxWGq8vjA0Q</a></div><div><br></div><blockquote class=3D"=
gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-=
left:1ex"><div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helve=
tica,sans-serif;color:#00000"><div></div><div>Q2: What happens if fronting =
server A sent retry keys, and the subsequent transport connection ends up o=
n server B, which also sends retry keys?</div></div></div></blockquote><div=
><br></div><div>You keep retrying. And hen you hit the text which says:</di=
v><div><br></div><div><div>&gt; Clients SHOULD implement a limit on retries=
 caused by &quot;esni_retry_request&quot; or</div><div>&gt; servers which d=
o not acknowledge the &quot;encrypted_server_name&quot; extension.</div></d=
iv><div><br></div><div>This is an error-correcting mechanism to avoid deplo=
yment risks. If your TLS deployment is so out of sync with itself that:</di=
v><div><br></div><div>- It deployed ESNI keys in the DNS that your servers =
do not understand.</div><div>- Even on a retry to presumably the same IP ad=
dress, you hit a different server node.</div><div>- Your load balancer keep=
s bouncing between different server nodes connections right after each othe=
r.</div><div>- Each of your server nodes believes in a totally disjoint set=
 of ESNI keys.</div><div><br></div><div>Then I think giving up and failing =
the connection is not the end of the world.</div><div><br></div><div>=C2=A0=
</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-l=
eft:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font=
-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#00000"><div><br></div><di=
v>--Roelof</div><div><br></div><div class=3D"m_7634042182849595028zmail_ext=
ra"><div id=3D"m_7634042182849595028Zm-_Id_-Sgn1"><div><br></div><div>---- =
On Wed, 13 Feb 2019 17:15:57 -0500=C2=A0<b>Christopher Wood &lt;<a href=3D"=
mailto:christopherwood07@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">christopherwood07@gma=
il.com</a>&gt;</b> wrote ----<br></div></div><div><br></div><blockquote sty=
le=3D"border-left:1px solid #cccccc;padding-left:6px;margin:0 0 0 5px"><div=
></div></blockquote></div></div></div><div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;fon=
t-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#00000"><div class=3D"m_7=
634042182849595028zmail_extra"><blockquote style=3D"border-left:1px solid #=
cccccc;padding-left:6px;margin:0 0 0 5px"><div><div>Hi folks,<br></div><div=
><br></div><div>PRs [1] and [2] need a little more review before we merge s=
ince <br></div><div>they=E2=80=99re non-trivial changes. Please have a look=
 and let the list know <br></div><div>if you have objections with the conte=
nts therein. Otherwise, we will <br></div><div>merge them by the end of the=
 next week.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Thanks!<br></div><div>Chris (no ha=
t)<br></div><div><br></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div><div><div s=
tyle=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color=
:#00000"><div class=3D"m_7634042182849595028zmail_extra"><blockquote style=
=3D"border-left:1px solid #cccccc;padding-left:6px;margin:0 0 0 5px"><div><=
div>[1] <a href=3D"https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124" t=
arget=3D"_blank">https://github..com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124</a>=
<br></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div><div><div style=3D"font-size=
:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#00000"><div cla=
ss=3D"m_7634042182849595028zmail_extra"><blockquote style=3D"border-left:1p=
x solid #cccccc;padding-left:6px;margin:0 0 0 5px"><div><div>[2] <a href=3D=
"https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125" target=3D"_blank">h=
ttps://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125</a><br></div><div><br>=
</div><div>_______________________________________________<br></div><div>TL=
S mailing list<br></div><div><a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_bla=
nk">TLS@ietf.org</a><br></div><div><a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/=
listinfo/tls" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</=
a><br></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div>__________________________=
_____________________<br>
TLS mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" rel=3D"noreferrer" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br>
</blockquote></div></div>

--0000000000000811d30581de6fe6--


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From: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2019 13:21:05 -0600
Message-ID: <CAF8qwaA=-Mv_7jxjH5i9EWFxBuC3eyHke1vGYpUFnoQVXA8Bgw@mail.gmail.com>
To: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
Cc: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, TLS WG <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 6:24 PM Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
wrote:

> On 13/02/2019 23:55, David Benjamin wrote:
> > On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 5:00 PM Stephen Farrell <
> stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
> > wrote:
> > That text isn't prescribing any particular behavior.
>
> Then delete it:-)



> It's just describing
> > the effect the rest of the text has on "trusted MITM proxies" and the
> like.
>
> Disagree. "Just describing" does not match the use of a meaningless
> marketing term like "trusted blah proxy" sorry. Better to avoid all
> that fuss really, no?
>
> > Note this is specifically about "MITM proxies" which control a root
> > certificate that the client is configured to trust. I will refrain from
> > commenting on whether this deployment model is at all wise, but it does
> > exist (antivirus, etc). The text itself is just an updated version of
> > existing bits here:
> > https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-esni-02#section-6.2
>
> I don't recall that having a concept of it being possible to
> "correctly" implement breaking the TLS protocol? (As is inherent
> in being an MITM.)
>
> >
> > As for where this effect comes from, it's a consequence of the rollback
> and
> > partial deployment robustness mechanism in the PR:
> >
> >> If the server negotiates an earlier version of TLS, or if it does not
> >> provide an "encrypted_server_name" extension in EncryptedExtensions, the
> >> client proceeds with the handshake, verifying the certificate against
> >> ESNIKeys.public_name as described in {{verify-public-name}}. The client
> > MUST
> >> NOT enable the False Start optimization {{RFC7918}}. If the handshake
> > completes
> >> successfully, the client MUST abort the connection with an
> > "esni_required" alert.
> >> It then SHOULD retry the handshake with a new transport connection and
> > ESNI
> >> disabled."
> >
> > Or, in other words, IF the server is able to speak authoritatively for
> the
> > public name (relatively to the client's trust anchors) but appears to not
> > understand ESNI at all, that is a signal to the client that ESNI got
> turned
> > off or hasn't fully been turned on yet. ESNI involves client state and,
> > without this, it's risky for a server operator to deploy ESNI.
> Deployments
> > are complex systems, and complex systems react to change unpredictably.
> For
> > most changes, if some show-stopping problem is found, it is safe to
> > rollback the change. For instance, clients naturally tolerate servers
> > turning TLS 1.3 on and off, a fact I'm sure every early adopter of TLS
> 1.3
> > has used many times. ESNI, a priori, breaks this property. The intent of
> > this text is to restore it, without totally breaking it (the stop signal
> is
> > authenticated under the public name, the same standard this PR sets for
> > replacing the key).
>
> It may be ok to live with such fallback whilst ESNI is being
> introduced but I think ongoing support for it would be unwise.
> And such a fallback requires no discussion of MITM attacks.
> (Other than as an attack.)
>
> >
> > It turns out that a user moving in and out of one of these "trusted
> MITMs"
>
> I object to that term again, sorry:-) It's marketing meaninglessness.
>

I have been using air quotes for a reason... :-P My personal view on these
things is very far from positive.

The intent was simply to update the existing text talking about this same
scenario ("A more serious problem is MITM proxies [...] The client can
detect this case and disable ESNI while in that network configuration"). In
so far as it made sense for the original document to talk about this, among
the many complex compatibility considerations in ESNI, I think it continues
to makes sense for the PR to do so.

That said, you have a good point about the word "correct". I was using that
just to invert the existing sentence which begins "A non-conformant MITM
proxy [...]", but you are right that the phrasing in the PR has different
implications. I need to go through the comments on GitHub and update the
PR. In doing so, I will also take another stab at wordsmithing this.
Hopefully I can come up with something less objectionable.


> > I'm guessing you're referring to this?
> >
> >> Note that verifying a connection for the public name does not verify it
> > for the
> >> origin. The TLS implementation MUST NOT surface such connections as
> > successful to
> >> the application.
> >
> > That just says you can't report it as successful.
>
> "MUST NOT surface" seems like bad phrasing then.
>

I'm blanking on better wording. I wanted to keep the wording independent of
whether your TLS stack knows how to open transport connections or not,
which changes things a bunch, which constrained things a bit. Any thoughts?


> > Is there any reason not to just do it in every ClientHello?
>
> I'd guess that some implementers may be put off by the
> wasted bandwidth. Others won't care but if it's the case
> that sending a bogus ESNI x% of the time gets as good a
> result as sending all the time (which is how I interpret
> what the SHOULD calls for) then it seems better to encourage
> x% and not 100%.
>

When Chrome sends GREASE extensions today, we do it unconditionally on all
ClientHellos.

I think x% doesn't give a great result. Then implementation bugs get
papered over with some probability on retry. The world is full of
transparent retries, so this is a poor enforcement of protocol invariants.
But, in terms of interop, nothing goes wrong if you choose not to send it
sometimes (maybe you're doing a field trial, I dunno). Hence SHOULD, not
MUST.

>> - Padding to 260 is IIRC the max that works. A CH with such
> >> padding is ~600 bytes. Seems like a waste of bytes to me and
> >> it could stick out depending on real ESNI padding_lengths.
> >> Maybe consider something like "pad to a length that matches
> >> recent traffic" and leave it to clients to figure out what
> >> might stick out less. (I'm not sure every server will ask
> >> for padding to 260 as CF do;-)
> >>
> >

> 260 comes from elsewhere which says:
> >
> >> The length to pad the ServerNameList value to prior to encryption.
> >> This value SHOULD be set to the largest ServerNameList the server
> >> expects to support rounded up the nearest multiple of 16. If the
> >> server supports wildcard names, it SHOULD set this value to 260.
>
> Yeah, and I disagree with that too:-)
>
> > I figured that assuming, by default, that the server supports wildcard
> > names seemed reasonable so the text mirrored the other SHOULD. Though
> maybe
> > that's a bit much? I don't have strong feelings here. What do you think
> the
> > text should say? Perhaps it should pick a random multiple-of-16 length
> > between 64 and 260? Or maybe we should decrease the wildcard value... a
> > 260-byte SNI name is kind of excessive, honestly.
>
> Regardless of the above disagreement about 260, if a client has
> been sending a bunch of CH's including real ESNI that are about
> 400 bytes because some server's ESNIKeys says to pad to 160, and
> that client then sends 600 bytes CH's to everyone else, I think
> it'd be crystal clear which is grease and which not.
>

This is precisely why client and server recommendations should align. It
sounds like you believe that the server recommendation of 260 is too much.
I would support a change to that (together with a matching client change).
What do you think it should say instead?

I don't think "pad to a length that matches recent traffic" works well
because that adds a bit of correlation between multiple services. It's a
minor correlation, but such things still aren't great for privacy and
doesn't seem worth adding here. I certainly would not want to implement
such a thing. I'm fine with recommending a fixed value, or picking randomly
within a range. Beyond that, I think the problem should be solved at both
recommendations together.

David

--0000000000000f92560581df9042
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail=
_attr">On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 6:24 PM Stephen Farrell &lt;<a href=3D"mailt=
o:stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie">stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie</a>&gt; wrote:</div>=
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
On 13/02/2019 23:55, David Benjamin wrote:<br>&gt; On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at =
5:00 PM Stephen Farrell &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie</a>&gt;<br>
&gt; wrote:<br>&gt; That text isn&#39;t prescribing any particular behavior=
. <br>
<br>
Then delete it:-)=C2=A0</blockquote><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=
=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">=C2=A0</=
blockquote><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;bor=
der-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">&gt; It&#39;s just describing<br>
&gt; the effect the rest of the text has on &quot;trusted MITM proxies&quot=
; and the like.<br>
<br>
Disagree. &quot;Just describing&quot; does not match the use of a meaningle=
ss<br>
marketing term like &quot;trusted blah proxy&quot; sorry. Better to avoid a=
ll<br>
that fuss really, no?<br>
<br>
&gt; Note this is specifically about &quot;MITM proxies&quot; which control=
 a root<br>
&gt; certificate that the client is configured to trust. I will refrain fro=
m<br>
&gt; commenting on whether this deployment model is at all wise, but it doe=
s<br>
&gt; exist (antivirus, etc). The text itself is just an updated version of<=
br>
&gt; existing bits here:<br>
&gt; <a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-esni-02#section-=
6.2" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft=
-ietf-tls-esni-02#section-6.2</a><br>
<br>
I don&#39;t recall that having a concept of it being possible to<br>
&quot;correctly&quot; implement breaking the TLS protocol? (As is inherent<=
br>
in being an MITM.)<br>
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; As for where this effect comes from, it&#39;s a consequence of the rol=
lback and<br>
&gt; partial deployment robustness mechanism in the PR:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt; If the server negotiates an earlier version of TLS, or if it does =
not<br>
&gt;&gt; provide an &quot;encrypted_server_name&quot; extension in Encrypte=
dExtensions, the<br>
&gt;&gt; client proceeds with the handshake, verifying the certificate agai=
nst<br>
&gt;&gt; ESNIKeys.public_name as described in {{verify-public-name}}. The c=
lient<br>
&gt; MUST<br>
&gt;&gt; NOT enable the False Start optimization {{RFC7918}}. If the handsh=
ake<br>
&gt; completes<br>
&gt;&gt; successfully, the client MUST abort the connection with an<br>
&gt; &quot;esni_required&quot; alert.<br>
&gt;&gt; It then SHOULD retry the handshake with a new transport connection=
 and<br>
&gt; ESNI<br>
&gt;&gt; disabled.&quot;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Or, in other words, IF the server is able to speak authoritatively for=
 the<br>
&gt; public name (relatively to the client&#39;s trust anchors) but appears=
 to not<br>
&gt; understand ESNI at all, that is a signal to the client that ESNI got t=
urned<br>
&gt; off or hasn&#39;t fully been turned on yet. ESNI involves client state=
 and,<br>
&gt; without this, it&#39;s risky for a server operator to deploy ESNI. Dep=
loyments<br>
&gt; are complex systems, and complex systems react to change unpredictably=
. For<br>
&gt; most changes, if some show-stopping problem is found, it is safe to<br=
>
&gt; rollback the change. For instance, clients naturally tolerate servers<=
br>
&gt; turning TLS 1.3 on and off, a fact I&#39;m sure every early adopter of=
 TLS 1.3<br>
&gt; has used many times. ESNI, a priori, breaks this property. The intent =
of<br>
&gt; this text is to restore it, without totally breaking it (the stop sign=
al is<br>
&gt; authenticated under the public name, the same standard this PR sets fo=
r<br>
&gt; replacing the key).<br>
<br>
It may be ok to live with such fallback whilst ESNI is being<br>
introduced but I think ongoing support for it would be unwise.<br>
And such a fallback requires no discussion of MITM attacks.<br>
(Other than as an attack.)<br>
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; It turns out that a user moving in and out of one of these &quot;trust=
ed MITMs&quot;<br>
<br>
I object to that term again, sorry:-) It&#39;s marketing meaninglessness.<b=
r></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I have been using air quotes for a reaso=
n... :-P My personal view on these things is very far from positive.</div><=
div><div><br>The intent was simply to update the existing text talking abou=
t this same scenario (&quot;A more serious problem is MITM proxies [...] Th=
e client can detect this case and disable ESNI while in that network config=
uration&quot;). In so far as it made sense for the original document to tal=
k about this, among the many complex compatibility considerations in ESNI, =
I think it continues to makes sense for the PR to do so.</div><br></div><di=
v>That said, you have a good point about the word &quot;correct&quot;. I wa=
s using that just to invert the existing sentence which begins &quot;A=C2=
=A0non-conformant MITM proxy [...]&quot;, but you are right that the phrasi=
ng in the PR has different implications. I need to go through the comments =
on GitHub and update the PR. In doing so, I will also take another stab at =
wordsmithing this. Hopefully I can come up with something less objectionabl=
e.</div><div>=C2=A0<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"mar=
gin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
&gt; I&#39;m guessing you&#39;re referring to this?<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt; Note that verifying a connection for the public name does not veri=
fy it<br>
&gt; for the<br>
&gt;&gt; origin. The TLS implementation MUST NOT surface such connections a=
s<br>
&gt; successful to<br>
&gt;&gt; the application.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; That just says you can&#39;t report it as successful. <br>
<br>
&quot;MUST NOT surface&quot; seems like bad phrasing then.<br></blockquote>=
<div><br></div><div>I&#39;m blanking on better wording. I wanted to keep th=
e wording independent of whether your TLS stack knows how to open transport=
 connections or not, which changes things a bunch, which constrained things=
 a bit. Any thoughts?</div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quot=
e" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">=
&gt; Is there any reason not to just do it in every ClientHello?<br>
<br>
I&#39;d guess that some implementers may be put off by the<br>
wasted bandwidth. Others won&#39;t care but if it&#39;s the case<br>
that sending a bogus ESNI x% of the time gets as good a<br>
result as sending all the time (which is how I interpret<br>
what the SHOULD calls for) then it seems better to encourage<br>
x% and not 100%.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>When Chrome sends GREA=
SE extensions today, we do it unconditionally on all ClientHellos.<br></div=
><div><br></div><div>I think x% doesn&#39;t give a great result. Then imple=
mentation bugs get papered over with some probability on retry. The world i=
s full of transparent retries, so this is a poor enforcement of protocol in=
variants. But, in terms of interop, nothing goes wrong if you choose not to=
 send it sometimes (maybe you&#39;re doing a field trial, I dunno). Hence S=
HOULD, not MUST.</div><div><br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" styl=
e=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">&gt;&gt=
; - Padding to 260 is IIRC the max that works. A CH with such<br>
&gt;&gt; padding is ~600 bytes. Seems like a waste of bytes to me and<br>
&gt;&gt; it could stick out depending on real ESNI padding_lengths.<br>
&gt;&gt; Maybe consider something like &quot;pad to a length that matches<b=
r>
&gt;&gt; recent traffic&quot; and leave it to clients to figure out what<br=
>
&gt;&gt; might stick out less. (I&#39;m not sure every server will ask<br>
&gt;&gt; for padding to 260 as CF do;-)<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;=C2=A0</blockquote><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 =
0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">&gt; 260 comes from e=
lsewhere which says:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt; The length to pad the ServerNameList value to prior to encryption.=
<br>
&gt;&gt; This value SHOULD be set to the largest ServerNameList the server<=
br>
&gt;&gt; expects to support rounded up the nearest multiple of 16. If the<b=
r>
&gt;&gt; server supports wildcard names, it SHOULD set this value to 260.<b=
r>
<br>
Yeah, and I disagree with that too:-)<br>
<br>
&gt; I figured that assuming, by default, that the server supports wildcard=
<br>
&gt; names seemed reasonable so the text mirrored the other SHOULD. Though =
maybe<br>
&gt; that&#39;s a bit much? I don&#39;t have strong feelings here. What do =
you think the<br>
&gt; text should say? Perhaps it should pick a random multiple-of-16 length=
<br>
&gt; between 64 and 260? Or maybe we should decrease the wildcard value... =
a<br>
&gt; 260-byte SNI name is kind of excessive, honestly.<br>
<br>
Regardless of the above disagreement about 260, if a client has<br>
been sending a bunch of CH&#39;s including real ESNI that are about<br>
400 bytes because some server&#39;s ESNIKeys says to pad to 160, and<br>
that client then sends 600 bytes CH&#39;s to everyone else, I think<br>
it&#39;d be crystal clear which is grease and which not.<br></blockquote><d=
iv><br></div><div>This is precisely why client and server recommendations s=
hould align. It sounds like you believe that the server recommendation of 2=
60 is too much. I would support a change to that (together with a matching =
client change). What do you think it should say instead?</div><div><br></di=
v><div>I don&#39;t think &quot;pad to a length that matches recent traffic&=
quot; works well because that adds a bit of correlation between multiple se=
rvices. It&#39;s a minor correlation, but such things still aren&#39;t grea=
t for privacy and doesn&#39;t seem worth adding here. I certainly would not=
 want to implement such a thing. I&#39;m fine with recommending a fixed val=
ue, or picking randomly within a range. Beyond that, I think the problem sh=
ould be solved at both recommendations together.</div><div><br></div><div>D=
avid</div></div></div>

--0000000000000f92560581df9042--


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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
To: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>, Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
CC: TLS WG <tls@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
Thread-Index: AQHUw+m/JHT3XTe+OUuQDqIM8jd8ZKXevHcAgAAPlwCAAAfngIABPaiA//+t0QA=
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Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
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Message-ID: <1a1a9e34-1511-b1a6-659b-20e3db513022@cs.tcd.ie>
Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2019 19:37:31 +0000
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/P9KNiujLs7Z8eNcWljlFwzfjVlc>
Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
To: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>, David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
Cc: TLS WG <tls@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <1a1a9e34-1511-b1a6-659b-20e3db513022@cs.tcd.ie>
Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and
 GREASE
References: <714E43FA-3660-485A-8E50-04EE43F8DA2E@gmail.com>
 <aae8668e-c369-7587-3ce0-d1e96592893b@cs.tcd.ie>
 <CAF8qwaCDJ+=yVDP4gi1JLqcWH=yzqtHacfy-J_i7BzuKZ3kxww@mail.gmail.com>
 <c49bc68f-bd6a-748c-64a0-9ba4d7091751@cs.tcd.ie>
 <CAF8qwaA=-Mv_7jxjH5i9EWFxBuC3eyHke1vGYpUFnoQVXA8Bgw@mail.gmail.com>
 <B74E8624-5A94-42BE-901D-8BE2351B41C8@akamai.com>
In-Reply-To: <B74E8624-5A94-42BE-901D-8BE2351B41C8@akamai.com>

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Hiya,

On 14/02/2019 19:26, Salz, Rich wrote:
>> That just says you can't report it as successful.
>=20
> "MUST NOT surface" seems like bad phrasing then.
>=20
>=20
>   *   I'm blanking on better wording. I wanted to keep the wording inde=
pendent of whether your TLS stack knows how to open transport connections=
 or not, which changes things a bunch, which constrained things a bit. An=
y thoughts?
>=20
> Represent instead of surface?

I'd be fine if the PR wasn't fully wordsmithed, e.g. I've often
written drafts that have text like "[[this needs more right,
"surface" isn't quite right]]" - there will, after all, be a -04
and so on when we can fix that.

Cheers,
S.





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Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2019 14:46:21 -0500
From: Roelof DuToit <r@nerd.ninja>
To: "David Benjamin" <davidben@chromium.org>
Cc: "Christopher Wood" <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, "TLS WG" <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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---- On Thu, 14 Feb 2019 13:00:16 -0500=C2=A0David Benjamin <davidben@chrom=
ium.org> wrote ----




On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:37 PM Roelof DuToit <mailto:r@nerd.ninja> wrote:



Questions for PR [1]:



* Regarding this text:

The client MUST NOT use the server-provided retry keys until the handshake =
completes successfully. On success, it MUST NOT overwrite the DNS-provided =
keys with the retry keys. It MUST use the retry keys at most once and conti=
nue offering DNS-provided keys for subsequent connections. This avoids intr=
oducing a tracking vector, should a malicious server present client-specifi=
c retry keys.



.. specifically this part: ".. use the retry keys at most once".=C2=A0=20

Q1: Are you saying the client should persistently remember which public_nam=
e values triggered retry keys?=C2=A0 For how long?






No, exactly the opposite. You use the retry key for just the retry and then=
 forget about it.

https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/xBEHe1_CcYEYinZQHxWGq8vjA0Q








I understood that part.=C2=A0 =C2=A0Let my clarify my question with an exam=
ple:



A1. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns retry keys

A2. Client uses retry keys, and everything works..

A3. Client restarts

A4. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns the same retry keys a=
s in A1

A5. Client violates spec by using those retry keys for a second time?


And what about this example:



B1. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns retry keys

B2. Client uses retry keys, and everything works..

B3. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns retry keys
B4. Client violates spec by using those retry keys for a second time?











Q2: What happens if fronting server A sent retry keys, and the subsequent t=
ransport connection ends up on server B, which also sends retry keys?






You keep retrying. And hen you hit the text which says:



> Clients SHOULD implement a limit on retries caused by "esni_retry_request=
" or

> servers which do not acknowledge the "encrypted_server_name" extension.




This is an error-correcting mechanism to avoid deployment risks. If your TL=
S deployment is so out of sync with itself that:



- It deployed ESNI keys in the DNS that your servers do not understand.

- Even on a retry to presumably the same IP address, you hit a different se=
rver node.

- Your load balancer keeps bouncing between different server nodes connecti=
ons right after each other.

- Each of your server nodes believes in a totally disjoint set of ESNI keys=
.



Then I think giving up and failing the connection is not the end of the wor=
ld.



=C2=A0



--Roelof





---- On Wed, 13 Feb 2019 17:15:57 -0500=C2=A0Christopher Wood <mailto:chris=
topherwood07@gmail.com> wrote ----










Hi folks,



PRs [1] and [2] need a little more review before we merge since=20

they=E2=80=99re non-trivial changes. Please have a look and let the list kn=
ow=20

if you have objections with the contents therein. Otherwise, we will=20

merge them by the end of the next week.



Thanks!

Chris (no hat)








[1] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124






[2] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125



_______________________________________________

TLS mailing list

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https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls






_______________________________________________

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 https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
------=_Part_65956_221876537.1550173581557
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head>=
<meta content=3D"text/html;charset=3DUTF-8" http-equiv=3D"Content-Type"></h=
ead><body ><div style=3D'font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica=
,sans-serif;color:#00000;'><div><br></div><div><br></div><div class=3D"zmai=
l_extra"><div><div><br></div><div>---- On Thu, 14 Feb 2019 13:00:16 -0500&n=
bsp;<b>David Benjamin &lt;davidben@chromium.org&gt;</b> wrote ----<br></div=
></div><div><br></div><blockquote style=3D"border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; =
padding-left: 6px; margin:0 0 0 5px"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gm=
ail_quote"><div class=3D"gmail_attr" dir=3D"ltr">On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:=
37 PM Roelof DuToit &lt;<a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"mailto:r@nerd.ninja">r=
@nerd.ninja</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote style=3D"margin: 0 0 0 0.8e=
x; border-left: 1px rgb(204, 204, 204) solid; padding-left: 1ex" class=3D"g=
mail_quote"><div><u></u><br></div><div><div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-=
family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><div>Questions for PR [1]:<b=
r></div><div><br></div><div>* Regarding this text:<br></div><div><span clas=
s=3D"highlight" style=3D"background-color:rgb(230, 255, 237)"><span class=
=3D"colour" style=3D"color:rgb(36, 41, 46)"><span class=3D"font" style=3D"f=
ont-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helveti=
ca, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&=
quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;"><span class=3D"size" style=3D"font-size=
:16px">The client MUST NOT use the server-provided retry keys until the han=
dshake completes successfully. On success, it MUST NOT overwrite the DNS-pr=
ovided keys with the retry keys. It MUST use the retry keys at most once an=
d continue offering DNS-provided keys for subsequent connections. This avoi=
ds introducing a tracking vector, should a malicious server present client-=
specific retry keys.</span></span></span></span><br></div><div><br></div><d=
iv>.. specifically this part: ".. use the retry keys at most once".&nbsp; <=
br></div><div>Q1: Are you saying the client should persistently remember wh=
ich public_name values triggered retry keys?&nbsp; For how long?<br></div><=
/div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>No, exactly the opposite. You u=
se the retry key for just the retry and then forget about it.<br></div><div=
><a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/xBE=
He1_CcYEYinZQHxWGq8vjA0Q">https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/xBEHe1_=
CcYEYinZQHxWGq8vjA0Q</a><br></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><div=
><br></div><div>I understood that part.&nbsp; &nbsp;Let my clarify my quest=
ion with an example:<br></div><div><br></div><div>A1. Client uses DNS-provi=
ded keys, and server returns retry keys<br></div><div>A2. Client uses retry=
 keys, and everything works..<br></div><div>A3. Client restarts<br></div><d=
iv>A4. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns the same retry key=
s as in A1<br></div><div>A5. Client violates spec by using those retry keys=
 for a second time?</div><div><br></div><div>And what about this example:<b=
r></div><div><br></div><div>B1. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server r=
eturns retry keys<br></div><div>B2. Client uses retry keys, and everything =
works..<br></div><div>B3. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns=
 retry keys</div><div>B4. Client violates spec by using those retry keys fo=
r a second time?<br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div=
 class=3D"zmail_extra"><blockquote style=3D"border-left: 1px solid #cccccc;=
 padding-left: 6px; margin:0 0 0 5px"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"g=
mail_quote"><div><br></div><blockquote style=3D"margin: 0 0 0 0.8ex; border=
-left: 1px rgb(204, 204, 204) solid; padding-left: 1ex" class=3D"gmail_quot=
e"><div><div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helveti=
ca, sans-serif"><div><br></div><div>Q2: What happens if fronting server A s=
ent retry keys, and the subsequent transport connection ends up on server B=
, which also sends retry keys?<br></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br><=
/div><div>You keep retrying. And hen you hit the text which says:<br></div>=
<div><br></div><div><div>&gt; Clients SHOULD implement a limit on retries c=
aused by "esni_retry_request" or<br></div><div>&gt; servers which do not ac=
knowledge the "encrypted_server_name" extension.<br></div></div><div><br></=
div><div>This is an error-correcting mechanism to avoid deployment risks. I=
f your TLS deployment is so out of sync with itself that:<br></div><div><br=
></div><div>- It deployed ESNI keys in the DNS that your servers do not und=
erstand.<br></div><div>- Even on a retry to presumably the same IP address,=
 you hit a different server node.<br></div><div>- Your load balancer keeps =
bouncing between different server nodes connections right after each other.=
<br></div><div>- Each of your server nodes believes in a totally disjoint s=
et of ESNI keys.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Then I think giving up and fa=
iling the connection is not the end of the world.<br></div><div><br></div><=
div>&nbsp;<br></div><blockquote style=3D"margin: 0 0 0 0.8ex; border-left: =
1px rgb(204, 204, 204) solid; padding-left: 1ex" class=3D"gmail_quote"><div=
><div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, san=
s-serif"><div><br></div><div>--Roelof<br></div><div><br></div><div class=3D=
"m_7634042182849595028zmail_extra"><div><div><br></div><div>---- On Wed, 13=
 Feb 2019 17:15:57 -0500&nbsp;<b>Christopher Wood &lt;<a target=3D"_blank" =
href=3D"mailto:christopherwood07@gmail.com">christopherwood07@gmail.com</a>=
&gt;</b> wrote ----<br></div></div><div><br></div><blockquote style=3D"bord=
er-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 6px; margin: 0 0 0 5px=
"><div><br></div></blockquote></div></div></div><div><div style=3D"font-siz=
e: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><div class=3D"=
m_7634042182849595028zmail_extra"><blockquote style=3D"border-left: 1px sol=
id rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 6px; margin: 0 0 0 5px"><div><div>Hi f=
olks,<br></div><div><br></div><div>PRs [1] and [2] need a little more revie=
w before we merge since <br></div><div>they=E2=80=99re non-trivial changes.=
 Please have a look and let the list know <br></div><div>if you have object=
ions with the contents therein. Otherwise, we will <br></div><div>merge the=
m by the end of the next week.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Thanks!<br></di=
v><div>Chris (no hat)<br></div><div><br></div></div></blockquote></div></di=
v></div><div><div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Arial, He=
lvetica, sans-serif"><div class=3D"m_7634042182849595028zmail_extra"><block=
quote style=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 6px=
; margin: 0 0 0 5px"><div><div>[1] <a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"https://git=
hub.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124">https://github..com/tlswg/draft=
-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124</a><br></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div><=
div><div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, =
sans-serif"><div class=3D"m_7634042182849595028zmail_extra"><blockquote sty=
le=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 6px; margin:=
 0 0 0 5px"><div><div>[2] <a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"https://github.com/t=
lswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125">https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-=
esni/pull/125</a><br></div><div><br></div><div>____________________________=
___________________<br></div><div>TLS mailing list<br></div><div><a target=
=3D"_blank" href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org">TLS@ietf.org</a><br></div><div><a =
target=3D"_blank" href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls">https:=
//www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br></div></div></blockquote></div><=
/div></div><div>_______________________________________________<br></div><d=
iv> TLS mailing list<br></div><div> <a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"mailto:TLS=
@ietf.org">TLS@ietf.org</a><br></div><div> <a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"htt=
ps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listin=
fo/tls</a><br></div></blockquote></div></div></div></blockquote></div><div>=
<br></div></div><br></body></html>
------=_Part_65956_221876537.1550173581557--



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To: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
Cc: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, TLS WG <tls@ietf.org>
References: <714E43FA-3660-485A-8E50-04EE43F8DA2E@gmail.com> <aae8668e-c369-7587-3ce0-d1e96592893b@cs.tcd.ie> <CAF8qwaCDJ+=yVDP4gi1JLqcWH=yzqtHacfy-J_i7BzuKZ3kxww@mail.gmail.com> <c49bc68f-bd6a-748c-64a0-9ba4d7091751@cs.tcd.ie> <CAF8qwaA=-Mv_7jxjH5i9EWFxBuC3eyHke1vGYpUFnoQVXA8Bgw@mail.gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
To: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
Cc: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, TLS WG <tls@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <8659f24d-80c8-a741-cf0a-d4c08e090c10@cs.tcd.ie>
Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and
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Hiya,

On 14/02/2019 19:21, David Benjamin wrote:
> On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 6:24 PM Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd=
=2Eie>
> wrote:
>=20
> I have been using air quotes for a reason... :-P My personal view on th=
ese
> things is very far from positive.

That's what I thought. You're right there anyway:-)

>=20
> The intent was simply to update the existing text talking about this sa=
me
> scenario ("A more serious problem is MITM proxies [...] The client can
> detect this case and disable ESNI while in that network configuration")=
=2E In
> so far as it made sense for the original document to talk about this, a=
mong
> the many complex compatibility considerations in ESNI, I think it conti=
nues
> to makes sense for the PR to do so.
>=20
> That said, you have a good point about the word "correct". I was using =
that
> just to invert the existing sentence which begins "A non-conformant MIT=
M
> proxy [...]", but you are right that the phrasing in the PR has differe=
nt
> implications. I need to go through the comments on GitHub and update th=
e
> PR. In doing so, I will also take another stab at wordsmithing this.
> Hopefully I can come up with something less objectionable.

Fair enough.


>>> Is there any reason not to just do it in every ClientHello?
>>
>> I'd guess that some implementers may be put off by the
>> wasted bandwidth. Others won't care but if it's the case
>> that sending a bogus ESNI x% of the time gets as good a
>> result as sending all the time (which is how I interpret
>> what the SHOULD calls for) then it seems better to encourage
>> x% and not 100%.
>>
>=20
> When Chrome sends GREASE extensions today, we do it unconditionally on =
all
> ClientHellos.
>=20
> I think x% doesn't give a great result. Then implementation bugs get
> papered over with some probability on retry. The world is full of
> transparent retries, so this is a poor enforcement of protocol invarian=
ts.
> But, in terms of interop, nothing goes wrong if you choose not to send =
it
> sometimes (maybe you're doing a field trial, I dunno). Hence SHOULD, no=
t
> MUST.

Also fair. I guess we can see what's folks do in other cases.

>>> - Padding to 260 is IIRC the max that works. A CH with such
>>>> padding is ~600 bytes. Seems like a waste of bytes to me and
>>>> it could stick out depending on real ESNI padding_lengths.
>>>> Maybe consider something like "pad to a length that matches
>>>> recent traffic" and leave it to clients to figure out what
>>>> might stick out less. (I'm not sure every server will ask
>>>> for padding to 260 as CF do;-)
>>>>
>>>
>=20
>> 260 comes from elsewhere which says:
>>>
>>>> The length to pad the ServerNameList value to prior to encryption.
>>>> This value SHOULD be set to the largest ServerNameList the server
>>>> expects to support rounded up the nearest multiple of 16. If the
>>>> server supports wildcard names, it SHOULD set this value to 260.
>>
>> Yeah, and I disagree with that too:-)
>>
>>> I figured that assuming, by default, that the server supports wildcar=
d
>>> names seemed reasonable so the text mirrored the other SHOULD. Though=

>> maybe
>>> that's a bit much? I don't have strong feelings here. What do you thi=
nk
>> the
>>> text should say? Perhaps it should pick a random multiple-of-16 lengt=
h
>>> between 64 and 260? Or maybe we should decrease the wildcard value...=
 a
>>> 260-byte SNI name is kind of excessive, honestly.
>>
>> Regardless of the above disagreement about 260, if a client has
>> been sending a bunch of CH's including real ESNI that are about
>> 400 bytes because some server's ESNIKeys says to pad to 160, and
>> that client then sends 600 bytes CH's to everyone else, I think
>> it'd be crystal clear which is grease and which not.
>>

As a possible side-note, isn't this greasing a little different
from others - this is also really chaff that functions to discourage
blocking all ESNI (as well as the usual greasing) by causing real
uses of ESNI to "not stand out" as per the section in Christian's
draft. I think that comes into play here.

> This is precisely why client and server recommendations should align. I=
t
> sounds like you believe that the server recommendation of 260 is too mu=
ch.

That, but moreso that I don't think a per-server padding_length is
really a good design choice. If it's there, different services will
choose different values. That means greasers need to pick a value,
and either that forces all services to pick whatever the best
greaser chooses (or real use of ESNI with that service stands out),
or else it forces greasers to use whatever is the most commonly
used padding_length (current whatever CF deploy I guess, which is
260), and that again means the non grease uses out stand out.
Either way we all end up at 260 or risk getting blocked.

> I would support a change to that (together with a matching client chang=
e).
> What do you think it should say instead?

Drop paddling_length entirely and replace it with some MUST level
thing that everyone does. E.g. for real uses of ESNI could be
"padding MUST be to a multiple of 64 octets and SHOULD be minimal"
perhaps with "greasers MUST send some percentage <X% padded to 128
or bigger" and then I think only very few would stand out if we get
X even roughly correct (and we could measure to find a good X).

(I think there are other things we can/should be thinking about
from the "don't stand out" POV, but they, and the suggestion above,
probably go beyond this PR. It's just this PR also highlights the
issue.)

> I don't think "pad to a length that matches recent traffic" works well
> because that adds a bit of correlation between multiple services. It's =
a
> minor correlation, but such things still aren't great for privacy and
> doesn't seem worth adding here. I certainly would not want to implement=

> such a thing. I'm fine with recommending a fixed value, or picking rand=
omly
> within a range. Beyond that, I think the problem should be solved at bo=
th
> recommendations together.

Fair point. I was trying to suggest something that'd work within
the scope of this PR. Let me try argue for it a little bit more:
If paddling_length remains as-is, then ISTM that a particular
client will recently have been seen emitting mostly grease-padding
lengths, but also a few different lengths as determined by real
services. In order to stop use of those services sticking out, I
think the greaser needs to emit some CHs matching the lengths of
those real services too. So I'd suggest maybe keeping a set of
(padding_length, probability) tuples and randomly picking from
that when greasing, with that table updated based on traffic
seen/sent. Bit complex yes, but I think that's the consequence
of per service padding_length in ESNIKeys. Sound any better?

Cheers,
S.

>=20
> David
>=20

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From: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2019 14:13:11 -0600
Message-ID: <CAF8qwaBdQeZS=bmFC955XzrVyNubB7h0WPiAQp0eZnf__Xov3Q@mail.gmail.com>
To: Roelof DuToit <r@nerd.ninja>
Cc: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, TLS WG <tls@ietf.org>
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/ZIJ6Amwe7NrbkR8fKTCBopBzZeE>
Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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On Thu, Feb 14, 2019 at 1:46 PM Roelof DuToit <r@nerd.ninja> wrote:

>
>
>
> ---- On Thu, 14 Feb 2019 13:00:16 -0500 *David Benjamin
> <davidben@chromium.org <davidben@chromium.org>>* wrote ----
>
> On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:37 PM Roelof DuToit <r@nerd.ninja> wrote:
>
>>
>> Questions for PR [1]:
>>
>> * Regarding this text:
>> The client MUST NOT use the server-provided retry keys until the
>> handshake completes successfully. On success, it MUST NOT overwrite the
>> DNS-provided keys with the retry keys. It MUST use the retry keys at mos=
t
>> once and continue offering DNS-provided keys for subsequent connections.
>> This avoids introducing a tracking vector, should a malicious server
>> present client-specific retry keys.
>>
>> .. specifically this part: ".. use the retry keys at most once".
>> Q1: Are you saying the client should persistently remember which
>> public_name values triggered retry keys?  For how long?
>>
>
> No, exactly the opposite. You use the retry key for just the retry and
> then forget about it.
> https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/xBEHe1_CcYEYinZQHxWGq8vjA0Q
>
>
> I understood that part.   Let my clarify my question with an example:
>
> A1. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns retry keys
> A2. Client uses retry keys, and everything works..
> A3. Client restarts
> A4. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns the same retry keys
> as in A1
> A5. Client violates spec by using those retry keys for a second time?
>
> And what about this example:
>
> B1. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns retry keys
> B2. Client uses retry keys, and everything works..
> B3. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns retry keys
> B4. Client violates spec by using those retry keys for a second time?
>

Oh, I see. Yeah, that's just a mistake in the text. A5 and B4 aren't meant
to be violations, since the client saw the retry keys again. I'll wordsmith
that too in the next iteration.


>
>
>
>> Q2: What happens if fronting server A sent retry keys, and the subsequen=
t
>> transport connection ends up on server B, which also sends retry keys?
>>
>
> You keep retrying. And hen you hit the text which says:
>
> > Clients SHOULD implement a limit on retries caused by
> "esni_retry_request" or
> > servers which do not acknowledge the "encrypted_server_name" extension.
>
> This is an error-correcting mechanism to avoid deployment risks. If your
> TLS deployment is so out of sync with itself that:
>
> - It deployed ESNI keys in the DNS that your servers do not understand.
> - Even on a retry to presumably the same IP address, you hit a different
> server node.
> - Your load balancer keeps bouncing between different server nodes
> connections right after each other.
> - Each of your server nodes believes in a totally disjoint set of ESNI
> keys.
>
> Then I think giving up and failing the connection is not the end of the
> world.
>
>
>
>>
>> --Roelof
>>
>>
>> ---- On Wed, 13 Feb 2019 17:15:57 -0500 *Christopher Wood
>> <christopherwood07@gmail.com <christopherwood07@gmail.com>>* wrote ----
>>
>>
>> Hi folks,
>>
>> PRs [1] and [2] need a little more review before we merge since
>> they=E2=80=99re non-trivial changes. Please have a look and let the list=
 know
>> if you have objections with the contents therein. Otherwise, we will
>> merge them by the end of the next week.
>>
>> Thanks!
>> Chris (no hat)
>>
>> [1] https://github..com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124
>> <https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124>
>>
>> [2] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> TLS mailing list
>> TLS@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> TLS mailing list
>> TLS@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>>
>
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"g=
mail_attr">On Thu, Feb 14, 2019 at 1:46 PM Roelof DuToit &lt;r@nerd.ninja&g=
t; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 =
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><u></u><div><div style=3D=
"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#00000=
"><div><br></div><div><br></div><div class=3D"m_-6156972175939486979zmail_e=
xtra"><div><div><br></div><div>---- On Thu, 14 Feb 2019 13:00:16 -0500=C2=
=A0<b>David Benjamin &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:davidben@chromium.org" target=3D=
"_blank">davidben@chromium.org</a>&gt;</b> wrote ----<br></div></div></div>=
</div></div><div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Hel=
vetica,sans-serif;color:#00000"><div class=3D"m_-6156972175939486979zmail_e=
xtra"><div><br></div><blockquote style=3D"border-left:1px solid #cccccc;pad=
ding-left:6px;margin:0 0 0 5px"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_q=
uote"><div class=3D"gmail_attr" dir=3D"ltr">On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:37 PM=
 Roelof DuToit &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:r@nerd.ninja" target=3D"_blank">r@nerd=
.ninja</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote style=3D"margin:0 0 0 0.8ex;bord=
er-left:1px rgb(204,204,204) solid;padding-left:1ex" class=3D"gmail_quote">=
<div><u></u><br></div><div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana=
,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><div>Questions for PR [1]:<br></div><div><br><=
/div><div>* Regarding this text:<br></div><div><span class=3D"m_-6156972175=
939486979highlight" style=3D"background-color:rgb(230,255,237)"><span class=
=3D"m_-6156972175939486979colour" style=3D"color:rgb(36,41,46)"><span class=
=3D"m_-6156972175939486979font" style=3D"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMac=
SystemFont,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&quot;Apple Colo=
r Emoji&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;"><span=
 class=3D"m_-6156972175939486979size" style=3D"font-size:16px">The client M=
UST NOT use the server-provided retry keys until the handshake completes su=
ccessfully. On success, it MUST NOT overwrite the DNS-provided keys with th=
e retry keys. It MUST use the retry keys at most once and continue offering=
 DNS-provided keys for subsequent connections. This avoids introducing a tr=
acking vector, should a malicious server present client-specific retry keys=
.</span></span></span></span><br></div><div><br></div><div>.. specifically =
this part: &quot;.. use the retry keys at most once&quot;.=C2=A0 <br></div>=
<div>Q1: Are you saying the client should persistently remember which publi=
c_name values triggered retry keys?=C2=A0 For how long?<br></div></div></di=
v></blockquote><div><br></div><div>No, exactly the opposite. You use the re=
try key for just the retry and then forget about it.<br></div><div><a href=
=3D"https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/xBEHe1_CcYEYinZQHxWGq8vjA0Q" =
target=3D"_blank">https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/xBEHe1_CcYEYinZ=
QHxWGq8vjA0Q</a><br></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div>=
<div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-=
serif;color:#00000"><div class=3D"m_-6156972175939486979zmail_extra"></div>=
<div><br></div><div>I understood that part.=C2=A0 =C2=A0Let my clarify my q=
uestion with an example:<br></div><div><br></div><div>A1. Client uses DNS-p=
rovided keys, and server returns retry keys<br></div><div>A2. Client uses r=
etry keys, and everything works..<br></div><div>A3. Client restarts<br></di=
v><div>A4. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns the same retry=
 keys as in A1<br></div><div>A5. Client violates spec by using those retry =
keys for a second time?</div><div><br></div><div>And what about this exampl=
e:<br></div><div><br></div><div>B1. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and serv=
er returns retry keys<br></div><div>B2. Client uses retry keys, and everyth=
ing works..<br></div><div>B3. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server ret=
urns retry keys</div><div>B4. Client violates spec by using those retry key=
s for a second time?</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Oh, =
I see. Yeah, that&#39;s just a mistake in the text. A5 and B4 aren&#39;t me=
ant to be violations, since the client saw the retry keys again. I&#39;ll w=
ordsmith that too in the next iteration.</div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote =
class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid=
;padding-left:1ex"><div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Ar=
ial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#00000"><div><br></div><div class=3D"m_-6156=
972175939486979zmail_extra"><blockquote style=3D"border-left:1px solid #ccc=
ccc;padding-left:6px;margin:0 0 0 5px"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"=
gmail_quote"><div><br></div><blockquote style=3D"margin:0 0 0 0.8ex;border-=
left:1px rgb(204,204,204) solid;padding-left:1ex" class=3D"gmail_quote"><di=
v><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-ser=
if"><div><br></div><div>Q2: What happens if fronting server A sent retry ke=
ys, and the subsequent transport connection ends up on server B, which also=
 sends retry keys?<br></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Yo=
u keep retrying. And hen you hit the text which says:<br></div><div><br></d=
iv><div><div>&gt; Clients SHOULD implement a limit on retries caused by &qu=
ot;esni_retry_request&quot; or<br></div><div>&gt; servers which do not ackn=
owledge the &quot;encrypted_server_name&quot; extension.<br></div></div><di=
v><br></div><div>This is an error-correcting mechanism to avoid deployment =
risks. If your TLS deployment is so out of sync with itself that:<br></div>=
<div><br></div><div>- It deployed ESNI keys in the DNS that your servers do=
 not understand.<br></div><div>- Even on a retry to presumably the same IP =
address, you hit a different server node.<br></div><div>- Your load balance=
r keeps bouncing between different server nodes connections right after eac=
h other.<br></div><div>- Each of your server nodes believes in a totally di=
sjoint set of ESNI keys.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Then I think giving u=
p and failing the connection is not the end of the world.<br></div><div><br=
></div><div>=C2=A0<br></div><blockquote style=3D"margin:0 0 0 0.8ex;border-=
left:1px rgb(204,204,204) solid;padding-left:1ex" class=3D"gmail_quote"><di=
v><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-ser=
if"><div><br></div><div>--Roelof<br></div><div><br></div><div class=3D"m_-6=
156972175939486979m_7634042182849595028zmail_extra"><div><div><br></div><di=
v>---- On Wed, 13 Feb 2019 17:15:57 -0500=C2=A0<b>Christopher Wood &lt;<a h=
ref=3D"mailto:christopherwood07@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">christopherwoo=
d07@gmail.com</a>&gt;</b> wrote ----<br></div></div><div><br></div><blockqu=
ote style=3D"border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:6px;margin=
:0 0 0 5px"><div><br></div></blockquote></div></div></div><div><div style=
=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><div cla=
ss=3D"m_-6156972175939486979m_7634042182849595028zmail_extra"><blockquote s=
tyle=3D"border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:6px;margin:0 0 =
0 5px"><div><div>Hi folks,<br></div><div><br></div><div>PRs [1] and [2] nee=
d a little more review before we merge since <br></div><div>they=E2=80=99re=
 non-trivial changes. Please have a look and let the list know <br></div><d=
iv>if you have objections with the contents therein. Otherwise, we will <br=
></div><div>merge them by the end of the next week.<br></div><div><br></div=
><div>Thanks!<br></div><div>Chris (no hat)<br></div><div><br></div></div></=
blockquote></div></div></div><div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:=
Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><div class=3D"m_-6156972175939486979m_7=
634042182849595028zmail_extra"><blockquote style=3D"border-left:1px solid r=
gb(204,204,204);padding-left:6px;margin:0 0 0 5px"><div><div>[1] <a href=3D=
"https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124" target=3D"_blank">h=
ttps://github..com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124</a><br></div></div></=
blockquote></div></div></div><div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:=
Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><div class=3D"m_-6156972175939486979m_7=
634042182849595028zmail_extra"><blockquote style=3D"border-left:1px solid r=
gb(204,204,204);padding-left:6px;margin:0 0 0 5px"><div><div>[2] <a href=3D=
"https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125" target=3D"_blank">h=
ttps://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125</a><br></div><div><br>=
</div><div>_______________________________________________<br></div><div>TL=
S mailing list<br></div><div><a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_bla=
nk">TLS@ietf.org</a><br></div><div><a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/=
listinfo/tls" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</=
a><br></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div><div>_____________________=
__________________________<br></div><div> TLS mailing list<br></div><div> <=
a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a><br></div>=
<div> <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" target=3D"_blan=
k">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br></div></blockquote></di=
v></div></div></blockquote></div><div><br></div></div></div></blockquote></=
div></div>

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Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2019 15:25:08 -0500
From: Roelof DuToit <r@nerd.ninja>
To: "David Benjamin" <davidben@chromium.org>
Cc: "Christopher Wood" <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, "TLS WG" <tls@ietf.org>
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/VH7MxqIGx7fY7EBvHW799Nm8dgY>
Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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---- On Thu, 14 Feb 2019 15:13:11 -0500=C2=A0David Benjamin <davidben@chrom=
ium.org> wrote ----






On Thu, Feb 14, 2019 at 1:46 PM Roelof DuToit <mailto:r@nerd.ninja> wrote:









---- On Thu, 14 Feb 2019 13:00:16 -0500=C2=A0David Benjamin <mailto:davidbe=
n@chromium.org> wrote ----







On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:37 PM Roelof DuToit <mailto:r@nerd.ninja> wrote:



Questions for PR [1]:



* Regarding this text:

The client MUST NOT use the server-provided retry keys until the handshake =
completes successfully. On success, it MUST NOT overwrite the DNS-provided =
keys with the retry keys. It MUST use the retry keys at most once and conti=
nue offering DNS-provided keys for subsequent connections. This avoids intr=
oducing a tracking vector, should a malicious server present client-specifi=
c retry keys.



.. specifically this part: ".. use the retry keys at most once".=C2=A0=20

Q1: Are you saying the client should persistently remember which public_nam=
e values triggered retry keys?=C2=A0 For how long?






No, exactly the opposite. You use the retry key for just the retry and then=
 forget about it.

https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/xBEHe1_CcYEYinZQHxWGq8vjA0Q












I understood that part.=C2=A0 =C2=A0Let my clarify my question with an exam=
ple:



A1. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns retry keys

A2. Client uses retry keys, and everything works..

A3. Client restarts

A4. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns the same retry keys a=
s in A1

A5. Client violates spec by using those retry keys for a second time?



And what about this example:



B1. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns retry keys

B2. Client uses retry keys, and everything works..

B3. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns retry keys

B4. Client violates spec by using those retry keys for a second time?






Oh, I see. Yeah, that's just a mistake in the text. A5 and B4 aren't meant =
to be violations, since the client saw the retry keys again. I'll wordsmith=
 that too in the next iteration.








Could a MITM (the kind that can finish the handshake) set esni_retry_reques=
t every time it sees an unknown record_digest in the ESNI extension, and es=
sentially use the retry mechanism to subvert the intent of ESNI?









=C2=A0







Q2: What happens if fronting server A sent retry keys, and the subsequent t=
ransport connection ends up on server B, which also sends retry keys?






You keep retrying. And hen you hit the text which says:



> Clients SHOULD implement a limit on retries caused by "esni_retry_request=
" or

> servers which do not acknowledge the "encrypted_server_name" extension.




This is an error-correcting mechanism to avoid deployment risks. If your TL=
S deployment is so out of sync with itself that:



- It deployed ESNI keys in the DNS that your servers do not understand.

- Even on a retry to presumably the same IP address, you hit a different se=
rver node.

- Your load balancer keeps bouncing between different server nodes connecti=
ons right after each other.

- Each of your server nodes believes in a totally disjoint set of ESNI keys=
.



Then I think giving up and failing the connection is not the end of the wor=
ld.



=C2=A0



--Roelof





---- On Wed, 13 Feb 2019 17:15:57 -0500=C2=A0Christopher Wood <mailto:chris=
topherwood07@gmail.com> wrote ----










Hi folks,



PRs [1] and [2] need a little more review before we merge since=20

they=E2=80=99re non-trivial changes. Please have a look and let the list kn=
ow=20

if you have objections with the contents therein. Otherwise, we will=20

merge them by the end of the next week.



Thanks!

Chris (no hat)








[1] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124






[2] https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125



_______________________________________________

TLS mailing list

mailto:TLS@ietf.org

https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls






_______________________________________________

TLS mailing list

mailto:TLS@ietf.org

https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head>=
<meta content=3D"text/html;charset=3DUTF-8" http-equiv=3D"Content-Type"></h=
ead><body ><div style=3D'font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica=
,sans-serif;color:#00000;'><div><br></div><div><br></div><div class=3D"zmai=
l_extra"><div><div><br></div><div>---- On Thu, 14 Feb 2019 15:13:11 -0500&n=
bsp;<b>David Benjamin &lt;davidben@chromium.org&gt;</b> wrote ----<br></div=
></div><div><br></div><blockquote style=3D"border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; =
padding-left: 6px; margin:0 0 0 5px"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><br></div><=
div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Thu, Feb=
 14, 2019 at 1:46 PM Roelof DuToit &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:r@nerd.ninja" targ=
et=3D"_blank">r@nerd.ninja</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gma=
il_quote" style=3D"margin: 0 0 0 0.8ex; border-left: 1px rgb(204, 204, 204)=
 solid; padding-left: 1ex"><div><u></u><br></div><div><div style=3D"font-si=
ze: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><div><br></di=
v><div><br></div><div class=3D"m_-6156972175939486979zmail_extra"><div><div=
><br></div><div>---- On Thu, 14 Feb 2019 13:00:16 -0500&nbsp;<b>David Benja=
min &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:davidben@chromium.org" target=3D"_blank">davidben=
@chromium.org</a>&gt;</b> wrote ----<br></div></div></div></div></div><div>=
<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans=
-serif"><div class=3D"m_-6156972175939486979zmail_extra"><div><br></div><bl=
ockquote style=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: =
6px; margin: 0 0 0 5px"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><d=
iv class=3D"gmail_attr" dir=3D"ltr">On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:37 PM Roelof =
DuToit &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:r@nerd.ninja" target=3D"_blank">r@nerd.ninja</=
a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote style=3D"margin: 0 0 0 0.8ex; border-lef=
t: 1px rgb(204, 204, 204) solid; padding-left: 1ex" class=3D"gmail_quote"><=
div><u></u><br></div><div><div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verda=
na, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><div>Questions for PR [1]:<br></div><div>=
<br></div><div>* Regarding this text:<br></div><div><span class=3D"highligh=
t" style=3D"background-color:rgb(230, 255, 237)"><span class=3D"colour" sty=
le=3D"color:rgb(36, 41, 46)"><span class=3D"font" style=3D"font-family:-app=
le-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans=
-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Se=
goe UI Symbol&quot;"><span class=3D"size" style=3D"font-size:16px">The clie=
nt MUST NOT use the server-provided retry keys until the handshake complete=
s successfully. On success, it MUST NOT overwrite the DNS-provided keys wit=
h the retry keys. It MUST use the retry keys at most once and continue offe=
ring DNS-provided keys for subsequent connections. This avoids introducing =
a tracking vector, should a malicious server present client-specific retry =
keys.</span></span></span></span><br></div><div><br></div><div>.. specifica=
lly this part: ".. use the retry keys at most once".&nbsp; <br></div><div>Q=
1: Are you saying the client should persistently remember which public_name=
 values triggered retry keys?&nbsp; For how long?<br></div></div></div></bl=
ockquote><div><br></div><div>No, exactly the opposite. You use the retry ke=
y for just the retry and then forget about it.<br></div><div><a href=3D"htt=
ps://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/xBEHe1_CcYEYinZQHxWGq8vjA0Q" target=
=3D"_blank">https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/xBEHe1_CcYEYinZQHxWGq=
8vjA0Q</a><br></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div><div><=
div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-=
serif"><div class=3D"m_-6156972175939486979zmail_extra"><br></div><div><br>=
</div><div>I understood that part.&nbsp; &nbsp;Let my clarify my question w=
ith an example:<br></div><div><br></div><div>A1. Client uses DNS-provided k=
eys, and server returns retry keys<br></div><div>A2. Client uses retry keys=
, and everything works..<br></div><div>A3. Client restarts<br></div><div>A4=
. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns the same retry keys as =
in A1<br></div><div>A5. Client violates spec by using those retry keys for =
a second time?<br></div><div><br></div><div>And what about this example:<br=
></div><div><br></div><div>B1. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server re=
turns retry keys<br></div><div>B2. Client uses retry keys, and everything w=
orks..<br></div><div>B3. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns =
retry keys<br></div><div>B4. Client violates spec by using those retry keys=
 for a second time?<br></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>O=
h, I see. Yeah, that's just a mistake in the text. A5 and B4 aren't meant t=
o be violations, since the client saw the retry keys again. I'll wordsmith =
that too in the next iteration.<br></div></div></div></div></blockquote></d=
iv><div><br></div><div>Could a MITM (the kind that can finish the handshake=
) set esni_retry_request every time it sees an unknown record_digest in the=
 ESNI extension, and essentially use the retry mechanism to subvert the int=
ent of ESNI?<br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br=
></div><div class=3D"zmail_extra"><blockquote style=3D"border-left: 1px sol=
id #cccccc; padding-left: 6px; margin:0 0 0 5px"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div=
 class=3D"gmail_quote"><div>&nbsp;<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quot=
e" style=3D"margin: 0 0 0 0.8ex; border-left: 1px rgb(204, 204, 204) solid;=
 padding-left: 1ex"><div><div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdan=
a, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><div><br></div><div class=3D"m_-6156972175=
939486979zmail_extra"><blockquote style=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, =
204, 204); padding-left: 6px; margin: 0 0 0 5px"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div=
 class=3D"gmail_quote"><div><br></div><blockquote style=3D"margin: 0 0 0 0.=
8ex; border-left: 1px rgb(204, 204, 204) solid; padding-left: 1ex" class=3D=
"gmail_quote"><div><div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Ari=
al, Helvetica, sans-serif"><div><br></div><div>Q2: What happens if fronting=
 server A sent retry keys, and the subsequent transport connection ends up =
on server B, which also sends retry keys?<br></div></div></div></blockquote=
><div><br></div><div>You keep retrying. And hen you hit the text which says=
:<br></div><div><br></div><div><div>&gt; Clients SHOULD implement a limit o=
n retries caused by "esni_retry_request" or<br></div><div>&gt; servers whic=
h do not acknowledge the "encrypted_server_name" extension.<br></div></div>=
<div><br></div><div>This is an error-correcting mechanism to avoid deployme=
nt risks. If your TLS deployment is so out of sync with itself that:<br></d=
iv><div><br></div><div>- It deployed ESNI keys in the DNS that your servers=
 do not understand.<br></div><div>- Even on a retry to presumably the same =
IP address, you hit a different server node.<br></div><div>- Your load bala=
ncer keeps bouncing between different server nodes connections right after =
each other.<br></div><div>- Each of your server nodes believes in a totally=
 disjoint set of ESNI keys.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Then I think givin=
g up and failing the connection is not the end of the world.<br></div><div>=
<br></div><div>&nbsp;<br></div><blockquote style=3D"margin: 0 0 0 0.8ex; bo=
rder-left: 1px rgb(204, 204, 204) solid; padding-left: 1ex" class=3D"gmail_=
quote"><div><div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Hel=
vetica, sans-serif"><div><br></div><div>--Roelof<br></div><div><br></div><d=
iv class=3D"m_-6156972175939486979m_7634042182849595028zmail_extra"><div><d=
iv><br></div><div>---- On Wed, 13 Feb 2019 17:15:57 -0500&nbsp;<b>Christoph=
er Wood &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:christopherwood07@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank=
">christopherwood07@gmail.com</a>&gt;</b> wrote ----<br></div></div><div><b=
r></div><blockquote style=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); pad=
ding-left: 6px; margin: 0 0 0 5px"><div><br></div></blockquote></div></div>=
</div><div><div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helv=
etica, sans-serif"><div class=3D"m_-6156972175939486979m_763404218284959502=
8zmail_extra"><blockquote style=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204=
); padding-left: 6px; margin: 0 0 0 5px"><div><div>Hi folks,<br></div><div>=
<br></div><div>PRs [1] and [2] need a little more review before we merge si=
nce <br></div><div>they=E2=80=99re non-trivial changes. Please have a look =
and let the list know <br></div><div>if you have objections with the conten=
ts therein. Otherwise, we will <br></div><div>merge them by the end of the =
next week.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Thanks!<br></div><div>Chris (no hat=
)<br></div><div><br></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div><div><div st=
yle=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"=
><div class=3D"m_-6156972175939486979m_7634042182849595028zmail_extra"><blo=
ckquote style=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 6=
px; margin: 0 0 0 5px"><div><div>[1] <a href=3D"https://github.com/tlswg/dr=
aft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124" target=3D"_blank">https://github..com/tlswg/dra=
ft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/124</a><br></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div=
><div><div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica=
, sans-serif"><div class=3D"m_-6156972175939486979m_7634042182849595028zmai=
l_extra"><blockquote style=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); pa=
dding-left: 6px; margin: 0 0 0 5px"><div><div>[2] <a href=3D"https://github=
.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125" target=3D"_blank">https://github.c=
om/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/125</a><br></div><div><br></div><div>____=
___________________________________________<br></div><div>TLS mailing list<=
br></div><div><a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.or=
g</a><br></div><div><a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" t=
arget=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br></div></d=
iv></blockquote></div></div></div><div>____________________________________=
___________<br></div><div>TLS mailing list<br></div><div><a href=3D"mailto:=
TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a><br></div><div><a href=3D"h=
ttps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" target=3D"_blank">https://www.iet=
f.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br></div></blockquote></div></div></div></bl=
ockquote></div><div><br></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></=
blockquote></div><div><br></div></div><br></body></html>
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From: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2019 14:40:25 -0600
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To: Roelof DuToit <r@nerd.ninja>
Cc: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, TLS WG <tls@ietf.org>
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/j9vaNOZKzgdvraihetiznxph-ZQ>
Subject: Re: [TLS] ESNI PRs #124 and #125: Improving ESNI Robustness and GREASE
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On Thu, Feb 14, 2019 at 2:25 PM Roelof DuToit <r@nerd.ninja> wrote:

> ---- On Thu, 14 Feb 2019 15:13:11 -0500 *David Benjamin
> <davidben@chromium.org <davidben@chromium.org>>* wrote ----
>
> On Thu, Feb 14, 2019 at 1:46 PM Roelof DuToit <r@nerd.ninja> wrote:
>
>> ---- On Thu, 14 Feb 2019 13:00:16 -0500 *David Benjamin
>> <davidben@chromium.org <davidben@chromium.org>>* wrote ----
>>
>> On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:37 PM Roelof DuToit <r@nerd.ninja> wrote:
>>
>>>
>>> Questions for PR [1]:
>>>
>>> * Regarding this text:
>>> The client MUST NOT use the server-provided retry keys until the
>>> handshake completes successfully. On success, it MUST NOT overwrite the
>>> DNS-provided keys with the retry keys. It MUST use the retry keys at most
>>> once and continue offering DNS-provided keys for subsequent connections.
>>> This avoids introducing a tracking vector, should a malicious server
>>> present client-specific retry keys.
>>>
>>> .. specifically this part: ".. use the retry keys at most once".
>>> Q1: Are you saying the client should persistently remember which
>>> public_name values triggered retry keys?  For how long?
>>>
>>
>> No, exactly the opposite. You use the retry key for just the retry and
>> then forget about it.
>> https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/xBEHe1_CcYEYinZQHxWGq8vjA0Q
>>
>>
>>
>> I understood that part.   Let my clarify my question with an example:
>>
>> A1. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns retry keys
>> A2. Client uses retry keys, and everything works..
>> A3. Client restarts
>> A4. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns the same retry keys
>> as in A1
>> A5. Client violates spec by using those retry keys for a second time?
>>
>> And what about this example:
>>
>> B1. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns retry keys
>> B2. Client uses retry keys, and everything works..
>> B3. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns retry keys
>> B4. Client violates spec by using those retry keys for a second time?
>>
>
> Oh, I see. Yeah, that's just a mistake in the text. A5 and B4 aren't meant
> to be violations, since the client saw the retry keys again. I'll wordsmith
> that too in the next iteration.
>
>
> Could a MITM (the kind that can finish the handshake) set
> esni_retry_request every time it sees an unknown record_digest in the ESNI
> extension, and essentially use the retry mechanism to subvert the intent of
> ESNI?
>

It would need to be able to authenticate as the public name for the client
to pay any attention to this. The public name is the name of the entity
trusted to update the ESNI keys. (Presumably the name of the hosting
provider or so.)

The point is to give a secure retry signal, in hopes of getting both
deployability and security.

David

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail=
_attr">On Thu, Feb 14, 2019 at 2:25 PM Roelof DuToit &lt;r@nerd.ninja&gt; w=
rote:</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;bor=
der-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt=
;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#00000"><div class=3D=
"m_-518700496029124331zmail_extra"><div><div>---- On Thu, 14 Feb 2019 15:13=
:11 -0500=C2=A0<b>David Benjamin &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:davidben@chromium.or=
g" target=3D"_blank">davidben@chromium.org</a>&gt;</b> wrote ----</div></di=
v></div></div></div><div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,A=
rial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#00000"><div class=3D"m_-518700496029124331=
zmail_extra"><blockquote style=3D"border-left:1px solid #cccccc;padding-lef=
t:6px;margin:0 0 0 5px"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><d=
iv dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Thu, Feb 14, 2019 at 1:46 PM Roelof =
DuToit &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:r@nerd.ninja" target=3D"_blank">r@nerd.ninja</=
a>&gt; wrote:</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 =
0.8ex;border-left:1px rgb(204,204,204) solid;padding-left:1ex"><div><u></u>=
</div><div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica=
,sans-serif"><div class=3D"m_-518700496029124331m_-6156972175939486979zmail=
_extra"><div><div>---- On Thu, 14 Feb 2019 13:00:16 -0500=C2=A0<b>David Ben=
jamin &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:davidben@chromium.org" target=3D"_blank">davidb=
en@chromium.org</a>&gt;</b> wrote ----</div></div></div></div></div><div><d=
iv style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">=
<div class=3D"m_-518700496029124331m_-6156972175939486979zmail_extra"><bloc=
kquote style=3D"border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:6px;mar=
gin:0 0 0 5px"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div class=
=3D"gmail_attr" dir=3D"ltr">On Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 7:37 PM Roelof DuToit &=
lt;<a href=3D"mailto:r@nerd.ninja" target=3D"_blank">r@nerd.ninja</a>&gt; w=
rote:<br></div><blockquote style=3D"margin:0 0 0 0.8ex;border-left:1px rgb(=
204,204,204) solid;padding-left:1ex" class=3D"gmail_quote"><div><u></u><br>=
</div><div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica=
,sans-serif"><div>Questions for PR [1]:<br></div><div><br></div><div>* Rega=
rding this text:<br></div><div><span class=3D"m_-518700496029124331highligh=
t" style=3D"background-color:rgb(230,255,237)"><span class=3D"m_-5187004960=
29124331colour" style=3D"color:rgb(36,41,46)"><span class=3D"m_-51870049602=
9124331font" style=3D"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Se=
goe UI&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;,&quot=
;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;"><span class=3D"m_-518700=
496029124331size" style=3D"font-size:16px">The client MUST NOT use the serv=
er-provided retry keys until the handshake completes successfully. On succe=
ss, it MUST NOT overwrite the DNS-provided keys with the retry keys. It MUS=
T use the retry keys at most once and continue offering DNS-provided keys f=
or subsequent connections. This avoids introducing a tracking vector, shoul=
d a malicious server present client-specific retry keys.</span></span></spa=
n></span><br></div><div><br></div><div>.. specifically this part: &quot;.. =
use the retry keys at most once&quot;.=C2=A0 <br></div><div>Q1: Are you say=
ing the client should persistently remember which public_name values trigge=
red retry keys?=C2=A0 For how long?<br></div></div></div></blockquote><div>=
<br></div><div>No, exactly the opposite. You use the retry key for just the=
 retry and then forget about it.<br></div><div><a href=3D"https://mailarchi=
ve.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/xBEHe1_CcYEYinZQHxWGq8vjA0Q" target=3D"_blank">htt=
ps://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/xBEHe1_CcYEYinZQHxWGq8vjA0Q</a><br><=
/div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div><div><div style=3D"fo=
nt-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><div class=3D"=
m_-518700496029124331m_-6156972175939486979zmail_extra"><br></div><div><br>=
</div><div>I understood that part.=C2=A0 =C2=A0Let my clarify my question w=
ith an example:<br></div><div><br></div><div>A1. Client uses DNS-provided k=
eys, and server returns retry keys<br></div><div>A2. Client uses retry keys=
, and everything works..<br></div><div>A3. Client restarts<br></div><div>A4=
. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns the same retry keys as =
in A1<br></div><div>A5. Client violates spec by using those retry keys for =
a second time?<br></div><div><br></div><div>And what about this example:<br=
></div><div><br></div><div>B1. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server re=
turns retry keys<br></div><div>B2. Client uses retry keys, and everything w=
orks..<br></div><div>B3. Client uses DNS-provided keys, and server returns =
retry keys<br></div><div>B4. Client violates spec by using those retry keys=
 for a second time?<br></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>O=
h, I see. Yeah, that&#39;s just a mistake in the text. A5 and B4 aren&#39;t=
 meant to be violations, since the client saw the retry keys again. I&#39;l=
l wordsmith that too in the next iteration.<br></div></div></div></div></bl=
ockquote></div></div></div><div><div style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Ve=
rdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#00000"><div class=3D"m_-51870049602=
9124331zmail_extra"></div><div><br></div><div>Could a MITM (the kind that c=
an finish the handshake) set esni_retry_request every time it sees an unkno=
wn record_digest in the ESNI extension, and essentially use the retry mecha=
nism to subvert the intent of ESNI?</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br>=
</div><div>It would need to be able to authenticate as the public name for =
the client to pay any attention to this. The public name is the name of the=
 entity trusted to update the ESNI keys. (Presumably the name of the hostin=
g provider or so.)</div><div><br></div><div>The point is to give a secure r=
etry signal, in hopes of getting both deployability and security.</div><div=
><br></div><div>David</div></div></div>

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From: Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2019 12:04:36 +0530
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for Adoption: TLS 1.3 Extension for Certificate-based Authentication with an External Pre-Shared Key
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Hi,

I support the adoption of this draft.
I would like to see it develop..

Thanks,
Sankalp Bagaria.


>
>
> Message: 3
> Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2019 08:40:41 -0800
> From: "Peter Yee" <peter@akayla.com>
> To: "'Christopher Wood'" <christopherwood07@gmail.com>, <tls@ietf.org>
> Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for Adoption: TLS 1.3 Extension for
>         Certificate-based Authentication with an External Pre-Shared Key
> Message-ID: <097d01d4c228$872ef930$958ceb90$@akayla.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain;       charset="UTF-8"
>
> I support adoption of this draft and am willing to review it.
>
>                 -Peter
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: TLS [mailto:tls-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Christopher Wood
> Sent: Sunday, February 10, 2019 1:40 PM
> To: <tls@ietf.org>
> Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for Adoption: TLS 1.3 Extension for
> Certificate-based Authentication with an External Pre-Shared Key
>
> Given the low amount of responses, we?re going to extend this adoption
> call for another two weeks. As a reminder, if you would like for this
> draft to become a WG document and you are willing to review it as it
> moves through the process, then please let the list know by 2359UTC
> 20180222. If you are opposed to this being a WG document, please say
> so (and say why).
>
> Thanks,
> Chris, Joe, and Sean
>
> On Fri, Feb 8, 2019 at 8:58 AM Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
> >
> > I'd like to hear from some people who plan to implement and deploy this.
> Absent that, I'm not sure we should adopt it. Code points are free, so it
> doesn't need to be a TLS WG item unless the TLS WG and community are going
> to do substantial work on it.
> >
> > -Ekr
> >
> >
> > On Fri, Jan 25, 2019 at 10:12 AM Christopher Wood <
> christopherwood07@gmail.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> At the TLS@IETF103 session, there was interest in adopting
> >> draft-housley-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk as an experimental WG
> >> item, provided that it's limited to external PSKs with certificates
> >> for the initial handshake. This email is to determine whether there is
> >> WG consensus to adopt this draft (as is) as a WG item.
> >>
> >> If you would like for this draft to become a WG document and you are
> >> willing to review it as it moves through the process, then please let
> >> the list know by 2359UTC 20180208. If you are opposed to this being a
> >> WG document, please say so (and say why).
> >>
> >> Thanks,
> >> Chris, Joe and Sean
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> TLS mailing list
> >> TLS@ietf.org
> >> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>
>
>
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> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> End of TLS Digest, Vol 175, Issue 5
> ***********************************
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr">Hi,</div><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><div>=
I support the adoption of this draft.=C2=A0</div><div>I would like to see i=
t develop..</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks,</div><div>Sankalp Bagaria.=C2=
=A0</div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" s=
tyle=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);pad=
ding-left:1ex"><br><br>
<br>
Message: 3<br>
Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2019 08:40:41 -0800<br>
From: &quot;Peter Yee&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:peter@akayla.com" target=
=3D"_blank">peter@akayla.com</a>&gt;<br>
To: &quot;&#39;Christopher Wood&#39;&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:christophe=
rwood07@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">christopherwood07@gmail.com</a>&gt;, &=
lt;<a href=3D"mailto:tls@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">tls@ietf.org</a>&gt;<b=
r>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for Adoption: TLS 1.3 Extension for<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Certificate-based Authentication with an Extern=
al Pre-Shared Key<br>
Message-ID: &lt;097d01d4c228$872ef930$958ceb90$@<a href=3D"http://akayla.co=
m" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">akayla.com</a>&gt;<br>
Content-Type: text/plain;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0charset=3D&quot;UTF-8&q=
uot;<br>
<br>
I support adoption of this draft and am willing to review it.<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 -Peter<br>
<br>
-----Original Message-----<br>
From: TLS [mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:tls-bounces@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank"=
>tls-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On Behalf Of Christopher Wood<br>
Sent: Sunday, February 10, 2019 1:40 PM<br>
To: &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:tls@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">tls@ietf.org</a>&=
gt;<br>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for Adoption: TLS 1.3 Extension for Certificate-bas=
ed Authentication with an External Pre-Shared Key<br>
<br>
Given the low amount of responses, we?re going to extend this adoption<br>
call for another two weeks. As a reminder, if you would like for this<br>
draft to become a WG document and you are willing to review it as it<br>
moves through the process, then please let the list know by 2359UTC<br>
20180222. If you are opposed to this being a WG document, please say<br>
so (and say why).<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
Chris, Joe, and Sean<br>
<br>
On Fri, Feb 8, 2019 at 8:58 AM Eric Rescorla &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ekr@rtfm=
.com" target=3D"_blank">ekr@rtfm.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; I&#39;d like to hear from some people who plan to implement and deploy=
 this. Absent that, I&#39;m not sure we should adopt it. Code points are fr=
ee, so it doesn&#39;t need to be a TLS WG item unless the TLS WG and commun=
ity are going to do substantial work on it.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; -Ekr<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; On Fri, Jan 25, 2019 at 10:12 AM Christopher Wood &lt;<a href=3D"mailt=
o:christopherwood07@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">christopherwood07@gmail.co=
m</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; At the TLS@IETF103 session, there was interest in adopting<br>
&gt;&gt; draft-housley-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk as an experimental WG=
<br>
&gt;&gt; item, provided that it&#39;s limited to external PSKs with certifi=
cates<br>
&gt;&gt; for the initial handshake. This email is to determine whether ther=
e is<br>
&gt;&gt; WG consensus to adopt this draft (as is) as a WG item.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; If you would like for this draft to become a WG document and you a=
re<br>
&gt;&gt; willing to review it as it moves through the process, then please =
let<br>
&gt;&gt; the list know by 2359UTC 20180208. If you are opposed to this bein=
g a<br>
&gt;&gt; WG document, please say so (and say why).<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Thanks,<br>
&gt;&gt; Chris, Joe and Sean<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; _______________________________________________<br>
&gt;&gt; TLS mailing list<br>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a>=
<br>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" rel=3D"noref=
errer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
TLS mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" rel=3D"noreferrer" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
------------------------------<br>
<br>
Subject: Digest Footer<br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
TLS mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" rel=3D"noreferrer" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br>
<br>
<br>
------------------------------<br>
<br>
End of TLS Digest, Vol 175, Issue 5<br>
***********************************<br>
</blockquote></div></div>

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*Hello,*

*Please take a look at this and advise if it is a good idea and whether it
should be pursued.*

*Thanks,*

*Sankalp Bagaria.*


*ITDA - IoT Device Authentication*

*Abstract: *We propose that the server is authenticated using X509
certificate in a TLS 1.3 like protocol. The Server sends 32-byte Challenge.
Client replies by sending 32-byte Response. Thus the client is
authenticated. In the transfer of the application data, the client may send
more challenge-response pairs as encrypted data for updating database of
server. Client doesn=E2=80=99t store challenge/response or key or certifica=
te. Both
the server and the client can initiate the handshake.

*Background*

Traditionally, there are two ways to authenticate a device: a centralised
CA issuing certificates and block-chain. Both require costly infrastructure
and can=E2=80=99t be used to authenticate IoT devices, which are of low cos=
t. While
block-chain provides non-repudiation, transactions are distributed all over
the net. X.509 certificates are costlier than many sensors.

Another option is Physically Uncloneable Functions (PUF). Because of the
random variations taking place during the manufacturing process of an IC,
no two ICs are same. For instance, the impurities present in the IC can
affect the doping level of an IC and thus cause signal paths to change.
These slight variations in the signal path can affect the delay in the
propagation of a signal which can be measured and used to identify the
chip. This uniqueness of an IC can be used to authenticate the device in
which the IC has been placed.



*PUF: The Concept*

*[image: P02.JPG]*

 Figure 1: PUF =E2=80=93 Multiplexer pair=E2=80=99s output delay compared b=
y arbiter (latch)

When the same input is fed to two adjacent multiplexers, depending on the
impurities and other manufacturing variations, the delay observed in the
propagation of the signal to one multiplexer output is different from that
of the other. This delay can be compared using an arbiter (latch) and the
final output generated. Several pairs of multiplexers can be operated in
parallel or a series of inputs can be fed to the same pair of multiplexer.
Thus, a set of output bits is generated that is specific to the chip.

The set of input bits is called challenge and the set of output bits is
called response. A challenge/ response pair is specific to the chip. The
experimental results [4] show that two identical PUF circuits on two
different chips have different outputs for the same input with a
probability of 23% (inter-chip variation). On the other hand, multiple
measurements on the same chip are different only with 0.7% probability. As
both the multiplexers on the chip are in the same environment, the PUF
output is mostly independent of the environmental variations.

*Limitations of current PUF implementation*

To prevent the replay attack, a challenge =E2=80=93 response pair can be us=
ed only
once. To enable this, a large set of challenge =E2=80=93 response pairs hav=
e to be
generated at the installation time and pre-stored in the server. A server
can have many devices connected to it. So, it has to have a large database
and computational power.

Moreover, this setting is inflexible. There is the problem of distributing
challenge/ response pairs from client to server. When the PUF is
commissioned, challenge/ response pairs have to be generated at the chip
and taken to server.  If the server exhausts its supply of
challenge-response pairs, it cannot be easily renewed.



*Our solution*

Thus in our solution, we combine the best of X.509 certificate and PUF.
Certificate is well-tested technology and provides flexible way to
distribute keys. PUF is relatively new but allows a cheap solution to IoT
authentication problem. Moreover, there is no need to store keys or
certificates at the client-side.

*The Protocol Combining TLS 1.3 and Challenge/ Response of PUF*

*The Protocol with Client Starting the Connection*

Client starts by generating its key_share and sends it to Server for normal
TLS connection. It also sends acceptable ciphersuites. Server generates its
own private key and joins with client's keyshare to get the shared secret.
It takes this share-secret and combines with hash of the handshake till
that point to generate handshake keys. The connection is encrypted from
this point on.



The server sends its X.509 certificate, CertificateVerify and
PUF_Challenge. The client also generates the handshake key from its private
key and server's public key. It then verifies the certificate, generates
PUF_Response. It encrypts the PUF_Response and sends to the Server. Server
verifies it, generates Application Key from Handshake_key and hash of the
Handshake.



The Client also generates the Application Keys similarly. The Application
data flows in encrypted form. To start, Server requires only one pair of
Challenge/ Response. When server's stock is depleting it may request more
challenge/ response pairs in application data. Client may generate more
pairs and send them as encrypted data to server which stores in its
database for future use. Client should delete its copy permanently so that
an adversary can't recover it by attacking hardware.

Client

                          Server

ClientHello

+ key_share          -------->



                      ServerHello


                                                        + key_share


                                                                {Encrypted
Extensions}


                                                                 {Certifica=
te}

    {CertificateVerify}

                                           <---------
                               {PUF_Challenge}

PUF_Response              ---------->


                                                                     {Finis=
hed}

                                         <---------
                                    [Application Data]

{Finished}

[Application Data}         <-------->
                               [Application Data]





*The Protocol with Server Starting the Connection*

The Server may also initiate connection by sending Server Hello. Client
replies by sending Client Hello with its key_share and list of acceptable
ciphersuites. When server receives Client_Hello, it proceeds just like the
above use-case.



Client

    Server

                                                        <-----------
                                     ServerHello



ClientHello

+ key_share                              ---------->


 key_share


                                                {Encrypted Extensions}


                                                                 {Certifica=
te}


                                                    {CertificateVerify}


                                          <-----------
              {PUF_Challenge}



{PUF_Response}                              ----------=C3=A0


                                                                     {Finis=
hed}


                                             <---------
          [Application Data]

     {Finished}


[Application Data}                              <-------->
                [Application Data]



The Client doesn't store the Keys, Challenge/ Response or the Certificate.
Each session is a unit in itself. Everything is calculated on the fly. This
may create latency but this minimizes the resource requirement. It is
required that when the IoT device is commissioned, atleast one Challenge/
Response pair is generated and stored in Server Database. Whenever the
challenge - response pairs are depleting, on Server's request, the Client
can generate them and send to the Server as encrypted data. After sending,
the Client deletes its copy of Challenge / Response.

*Future Work:*

1)    Complete the development of protocol described above by including use
cases like when does the Handshake fails and Challenge/ Response has to be
re-negotiated; when Resumption happens etc.

2)    Adapt other IoT protocols like QUIC, DTLS to work with PUF.

3)    Validate the solution with PUF-enabled Evaluation kits.

References =E2=80=93

[1] RFC 5280 - Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280

[2] 50 Billion IoT devices will be connected by 2020 =E2=80=93 Post =E2=80=
=93 The Things
Network.
https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/community/thessaloniki/post/50-billion-iot=
-devices-will-be-connected-by-2020

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_unclonable_function

[4] G. E. Suh and S. Devadas, =E2=80=9CPhysical unclonable functions for de=
vice
authentication and secret key generation,=E2=80=9D in Proceedings of the 44=
th
annual Design Automation Conference, San Diego, CA, Jun. 2007, pp.9=E2=80=
=9314
https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/puf-dac07.pdf

[5]
http://people.csail.mit.edu/rudolph/Teaching/Lectures/Security/Lecture-Secu=
rity-PUFs-2.pdf

[5] Blaise Gassend, Dwaine Clarke, Marten van Dijk and Srinivas Devadas.
Silicon Physical Random Functions. Proceedings of the Computer and
Communications Security Conference, November 2002
http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-456/memo-456.pdf

[6] C. Herder, L. Ren, M. van Dijk, M-D. Yu, and S. Devadas, "Trapdoor
Computational Fuzzy Extractors and Cryptographically-Secure Physical
Unclonable Functions", IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure
Computing, January 2017
https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/trapdoor.pdf

[7] Helfmeier, Clemens; Nedospasov, Dmitry; Boit, Christian; Seifert,
Jean-Pierre (2013). Cloning Physically Unclonable Functions
<http://users.sec.t-labs.tu-berlin.de/~nedos/host2013.pdf> (PDF). IEEE
Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (IEEE HOST 2013). June 2=E2=80=933, 20=
13
Austin, TX, USA

 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6581556

 [8] Merchan Jorge Guajardo
<https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&tbm=3Dpts&hl=3Den&q=3Dininventor:%22=
Merchan+Jorge+Guajardo%22>,
Shankaran S. Kumar
<https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&tbm=3Dpts&hl=3Den&q=3Dininventor:%22=
Shankaran+S.+Kumar%22>,
Pim T. Tuyls
<https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&tbm=3Dpts&hl=3Den&q=3Dininventor:%22=
Pim+T.+Tuyls%22>,
Geert J. Schrijen
<https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&tbm=3Dpts&hl=3Den&q=3Dininventor:%22=
Geert+J.+Schrijen%22>
Identification of devices using physically unclonable functions
WO 2009024913 A2

[9] M. Fyrbiak, C. Kison, W. Adi. Construction of Software-Based Digital
Physical Clone Resistant Functions. 2013 Fourth International Conference on
Emerging Security Technologies
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6680199

      [10]
https://www.esat.kuleuven.be/cosic/thesis/2011/mai/CloningTheUnclonable_en.=
pdf

[11] Srinivas Devadas, Edward Suh, Sid Paral, Richard Sowell, Tom Ziola,
Vivek Khandelwal . Design and Implementation of PUF-Based =E2=80=9CUnclonab=
le=E2=80=9D RFID
ICs for Anti-Counterfeiting and Security Applications.
http://verayo.com/pdf/2008_Verayo_IEEE_RFID_Paper.pdf

[12] Rishab Nithyanand, John Solis. A Theoretical Analysis: Physical
Unclonable Functions and The Software Protection Problem. SANDIA REPORT
SAND2011-6673. Printed in 2011.
http://prod.sandia.gov/techlib/access-control.cgi/2011/116673.pdf

[13] Shahriar B. Shokouhi. Cooperative Artificial Immune System And
Recurrent Neural Network Error Correction Scheme For Generating Robust
Hardware Key. International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And Data
Communication. ISSN: 2320-2084. Volume-4, Issue-5,May 2016
http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/1-254-146502604154-59.p=
df

[15] D. Lim. Extracting secret keys from integrated circuits. Master=E2=80=
=99s
thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 2004.
http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-476/DaihyunLimThesis.pdf

[16] Ulrich Ruhrmair. On the Formal Foundations of PUFs and Related
Primitives. October 19, 2016.
https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/5994/4/ruehrmair_ulrich.pd=
f

[17]
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090083833A1/en?q=3DPUF&q=3Dphysically=
+unclonable+function&oq=3DPUF+physically+unclonable+function

[18]
https://patents.google.com/patent/US8290150B2/en?q=3Dauthentication&q=3DPUF=
&q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&oq=3Dauthentication+PUF+physically+uncl=
onable+function

[19]
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20140279532A1/en?q=3Dauthentication&q=
=3DPUF&q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&oq=3Dauthentication+PUF+physicall=
y+unclonable+function

[20] RFC 8446 =E2=80=93 The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version=
 1.3
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8446/

[21] The New Illustrated TLS Connection https://tls13.ulfheim.net/
      [22] Internet-draft: State-of-the-Art and Challenges for the Internet
of      Things Security draft-irtf-t2trg-iot-seccons-16

[23] Internet-draft: TLS 1.3 Extension for Certificate-based Authentication
with  an External Pre-Shared Key.
draft-housley-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk-03

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-alig=
n:center;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri,sans-seri=
f"><span style=3D"font-size:18.6667px"><b>Hello,</b></span></p><p class=3D"=
MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;=
line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:1=
8.6667px"><b>Please take a look at this and advise if it is a good idea and=
 whether it should be pursued.</b></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=
=3D"center" style=3D"text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%=
;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:18.6667px"><b>Tha=
nks,</b></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-al=
ign:center;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri,sans-se=
rif"><span style=3D"font-size:18.6667px"><b>Sankalp Bagaria.</b></span></p>=
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-align:center;margin:0=
cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"=
><b><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;background-image:initial=
;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:init=
ial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><br></span></b></p><=
p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-align:center;margin:0c=
m 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">=
<b><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;background-image:initial;=
background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initi=
al;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">ITDA - IoT Device Aut=
hentication</span></b></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><i><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Abstract: </span></i><span style=3D"fo=
nt-size:14pt;line-height:115%">We propose that the server is authenticated =
using X509
certificate in a TLS 1.3 like protocol. The Server sends 32-byte Challenge.=
 Client
replies by sending 32-byte Response. Thus the client is authenticated. In t=
he
transfer of the application data, the client may send more challenge-respon=
se
pairs as encrypted data for updating database of server. Client doesn=E2=80=
=99t store
challenge/response or key or certificate. Both the server and the client ca=
n initiate
the handshake.</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Background</span></b></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Traditionally, there are two ways to authe=
nticate a device: a
centralised CA issuing certificates and block-chain. Both require costly
infrastructure and can=E2=80=99t be used to authenticate IoT devices, which=
 are of low
cost. While block-chain provides non-repudiation, transactions are distribu=
ted
all over the net. X.509 certificates are costlier than many sensors.</span>=
</p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Another option is Physically Uncloneable F=
unctions (PUF). Because
of the random variations taking place during the manufacturing process of a=
n
IC, no two ICs are same. For instance, the impurities present in the IC can
affect the doping level of an IC and thus cause signal paths to change. The=
se
slight variations in the signal path can affect the delay in the propagatio=
n of
a signal which can be measured and used to identify the chip. This uniquene=
ss
of an IC can be used to authenticate the device in which the IC has been
placed.</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">PUF: The Concept</span></b></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%"><img width=3D"576" height=3D"307" alt=
=3D"P02.JPG"></span></b><b><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=
</span></b></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0Figure 1: PUF =E2=80=93
Multiplexer pair=E2=80=99s output delay compared by arbiter (latch)</span><=
/p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">When the same input is fed to two adjacent=
 multiplexers,
depending on the impurities and other manufacturing variations, the delay
observed in the propagation of the signal to one multiplexer output is
different from that of the other. This delay can be compared using an arbit=
er
(latch) and the final output generated. Several pairs of multiplexers can b=
e
operated in parallel or a series of inputs can be fed to the same pair of
multiplexer. Thus, a set of output bits is generated that is specific to th=
e
chip. </span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">The set of input bits is called challenge =
and the set of
output bits is called response. A challenge/ response pair is specific to t=
he
chip. The experimental results [4] show that two identical PUF circuits on =
two
different chips have different outputs for the same input with a probabilit=
y of
23% (inter-chip variation). On the other hand, multiple measurements on the
same chip are different only with 0.7% probability. As both the multiplexer=
s on
the chip are in the same environment, the PUF output is mostly independent =
of
the environmental variations. </span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Limitations of current PUF implementat=
ion</span></b></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">To prevent the replay attack, a challenge =
=E2=80=93 response pair can
be used only once. To enable this, a large set of challenge =E2=80=93 respo=
nse pairs
have to be generated at the installation time and pre-stored in the server.=
 A
server can have many devices connected to it. So, it has to have a large
database and computational power.</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Moreover, this setting is inflexible. Ther=
e is the problem of
distributing challenge/ response pairs from client to server. When the PUF =
is
commissioned, challenge/ response pairs have to be generated at the chip an=
d
taken to server.=C2=A0 If the server exhausts
its supply of challenge-response pairs, it cannot be easily renewed. </span=
></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Our solution</span></b></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Thus in our solution, we combine the best =
of X.509
certificate and PUF. Certificate is well-tested technology and provides
flexible way to distribute keys. PUF is relatively new but allows a cheap
solution to IoT authentication problem. Moreover, there is no need to store
keys or certificates at the client-side.</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">The Protocol Combining TLS 1.3 and Cha=
llenge/ Response of PUF</span></b></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">The Protocol with Client Starting the =
Connection</span></b></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Client starts by generating its key_share =
and sends it to
Server for normal TLS connection. It also sends acceptable ciphersuites. Se=
rver
generates its own private key and joins with client&#39;s keyshare to get t=
he
shared secret. It takes this share-secret and combines with hash of the
handshake till that point to generate handshake keys. The connection is
encrypted from this point on.</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">The server sends its X.509 certificate, Ce=
rtificateVerify and
PUF_Challenge. The client also generates the handshake key from its private=
 key
and server&#39;s public key. It then verifies the certificate, generates PU=
F_Response.
It encrypts the PUF_Response and sends to the Server. Server verifies it,
generates Application Key from Handshake_key and hash of the Handshake.</sp=
an></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">The Client also generates the Application =
Keys similarly. The
Application data flows in encrypted form. To start, Server requires only on=
e
pair of Challenge/ Response. When server&#39;s stock is depleting it may re=
quest
more challenge/ response pairs in application data. Client may generate mor=
e
pairs and send them as encrypted data to server which stores in its databas=
e
for future use. Client should delete its copy permanently so that an advers=
ary can&#39;t
recover it by attacking hardware.</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Client=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Server</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">ClientHello=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">+ key_share=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
--------&gt;=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0  =
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0ServerHello</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0+
key_share=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0{Encrypted
Extensions}</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0{Certificate}</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 324pt;text-align:justif=
y;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span sty=
le=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
{CertificateVerify}</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0&lt;--------=
-=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 {PUF_Challenge}</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">PUF_Response=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0----------&gt;=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 </span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0{Finished}</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0&lt;---------=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0[Application
Data]</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">{Finished}=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">[Application Data} =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0&lt;--------&gt;=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0[Application
Data]</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span></b></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span></b></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">The Protocol with Server Starting the =
Connection</span></b></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">The Server may also initiate connection by=
 sending Server
Hello. Client replies by sending Client Hello with its key_share and list o=
f
acceptable ciphersuites. When server receives Client_Hello, it proceeds jus=
t like
the above use-case.</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Client=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Server</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0&lt;-----=
------=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0ServerHello</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">ClientHello=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">+ key_share=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0------=
----&gt;=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 324pt;text-align:justif=
y;text-indent:36pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans=
-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0key_share=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0{Encrypted Extensions}</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0{Certificate}</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0{CertificateVerify}</=
span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0&lt;-----------=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0{PUF_Challenge}</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 </span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">{PUF_Response}=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
----------</span><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;font-family=
:Wingdings">=C3=A0</span><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%"></=
span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0{Finished}</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0&lt;---------=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0[Application Data]</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0{Finished}=C2=A0
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">[Application Data}=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0&lt;--------&gt;=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0[Application Data]</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">The Client doesn&#39;t store the Keys, Cha=
llenge/ Response or the
Certificate. Each session is a unit in itself. Everything is calculated on =
the
fly. This may create latency but this minimizes the resource requirement. I=
t is
required that when the IoT device is commissioned, atleast one Challenge/
Response pair is generated and stored in Server Database. Whenever the
challenge - response pairs are depleting, on Server&#39;s request, the Clie=
nt can
generate them and send to the Server as encrypted data. After sending, the
Client deletes its copy of Challenge / Response.</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Future Work:</span></b></p>

<p class=3D"gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style=3D"text-align:justify;ma=
rgin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Cali=
bri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">1)<span sty=
le=3D"font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stret=
ch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&quot;Times New Roma=
n&quot;">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></span><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;lin=
e-height:115%">Complete the development of protocol
described above by including use cases like when does the Handshake fails a=
nd
Challenge/ Response has to be re-negotiated; when Resumption happens etc.</=
span></p>

<p class=3D"gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify;m=
argin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Cal=
ibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">2)<span st=
yle=3D"font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stre=
tch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&quot;Times New Rom=
an&quot;">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></span><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;li=
ne-height:115%">Adapt other IoT protocols like QUIC,
DTLS to work with PUF.</span></p>

<p class=3D"gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style=3D"text-align:justify;mar=
gin:0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,s=
ans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">3)<span style=3D=
"font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:no=
rmal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quo=
t;">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></span><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-hei=
ght:115%">Validate the solution with
PUF-enabled Evaluation kits.</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">References =E2=80=93</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[1] RFC 5280 - Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure
Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile. </span><a href=
=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;colo=
r:black;text-decoration-line:none">https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280</spa=
n></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[2] 50 Billion IoT devices will be connected by 2020 =E2=80=
=93
Post =E2=80=93 The Things Network. </span><a href=3D"https://www.thethingsn=
etwork.org/community/thessaloniki/post/50-billion-iot-devices-will-be-conne=
cted-by-2020"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decoration-lin=
e:none">https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/community/thessaloniki/post/50-bil=
lion-iot-devices-will-be-connected-by-2020</span></a><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[3] </span><a href=3D"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_=
unclonable_function"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decorat=
ion-line:none">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_unclonable_function</=
span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[4] G. E. Suh and S. Devadas, =E2=80=9CPhysical unclonable
functions for device authentication and secret key generation,=E2=80=9D in =
Proceedings
of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference, San Diego, CA, Jun. 2007,
pp.9=E2=80=9314 </span><a href=3D"https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs=
/puf-dac07.pdf"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decoration-l=
ine:none">https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/puf-dac07.pdf</span></a=
><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[5] </span><a href=3D"http://people.csail.mit.edu/rudolph/Tea=
ching/Lectures/Security/Lecture-Security-PUFs-2.pdf"><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:14pt;color:black;text-decoration-line:none">http://people.csail.mit.edu/=
rudolph/Teaching/Lectures/Security/Lecture-Security-PUFs-2.pdf</span></a><s=
pan style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[5] Blaise Gassend, Dwaine Clarke, Marten van Dijk and
Srinivas Devadas. Silicon Physical Random Functions. Proceedings of the
Computer and Communications Security Conference, November 2002 </span><a hr=
ef=3D"http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-456/memo-456.pdf"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decoration-line:none">http://csg.csail=
.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-456/memo-456.pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[6] C. Herder, L. Ren, M. van Dijk, M-D. Yu, and S.
Devadas, &quot;Trapdoor Computational Fuzzy Extractors and
Cryptographically-Secure Physical Unclonable Functions&quot;, IEEE Transact=
ions
on Dependable and Secure Computing, January 2017 </span><a href=3D"https://=
people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/trapdoor.pdf"><span style=3D"font-size:14=
pt;color:black;text-decoration-line:none">https://people.csail.mit.edu/deva=
das/pubs/trapdoor.pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black">=
</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[7] Helfmeier, Clemens; Nedospasov, Dmitry; Boit,
Christian; Seifert, Jean-Pierre (2013). </span><a href=3D"http://users.sec.=
t-labs.tu-berlin.de/~nedos/host2013.pdf"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;colo=
r:black;text-decoration-line:none">Cloning
Physically Unclonable Functions</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;col=
or:black"> (PDF). IEEE Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (IEEE HOST 2013=
). June
2=E2=80=933, 2013 Austin, TX, USA</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stam=
p.jsp?arnumber=3D6581556"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-de=
coration-line:none">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6=
581556</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">=C2=A0[8] </span><a href=3D"https://www.google.com/search?tbo=
=3Dp&amp;tbm=3Dpts&amp;hl=3Den&amp;q=3Dininventor:%22Merchan+Jorge+Guajardo=
%22"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decoration-line:none">M=
erchan Jorge
Guajardo</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black">, </span><a h=
ref=3D"https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&amp;tbm=3Dpts&amp;hl=3Den&amp;=
q=3Dininventor:%22Shankaran+S.+Kumar%22"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;colo=
r:black;text-decoration-line:none">Shankaran S.
Kumar</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black">, </span><a href=
=3D"https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&amp;tbm=3Dpts&amp;hl=3Den&amp;q=
=3Dininventor:%22Pim+T.+Tuyls%22"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black=
;text-decoration-line:none">Pim T. Tuyls</span></a><span style=3D"font-size=
:14pt;color:black">, </span><a href=3D"https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3D=
p&amp;tbm=3Dpts&amp;hl=3Den&amp;q=3Dininventor:%22Geert+J.+Schrijen%22"><sp=
an style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decoration-line:none">Geert J.
Schrijen</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black"> Identificati=
on of devices using physically
unclonable functions <br>
WO 2009024913 A2</span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[9] M. Fyrbiak, C. Kison, W. Adi. Construction of
Software-Based Digital Physical Clone Resistant Functions. 2013 Fourth
International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies </span><a href=
=3D"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6680199"><span st=
yle=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decoration-line:none">http://ieeexpl=
ore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6680199</span></a><span style=3D"fo=
nt-size:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 [10]<a href=3D"https://www.esa=
t.kuleuven.be/cosic/thesis/2011/mai/CloningTheUnclonable_en.pdf"><span styl=
e=3D"color:black;text-decoration-line:none">https://www.esat.kuleuven.be/co=
sic/thesis/2011/mai/CloningTheUnclonable_en.pdf</span></a></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[11] Srinivas Devadas, Edward Suh, Sid Paral, Richard
Sowell, Tom Ziola, Vivek Khandelwal . Design and Implementation of PUF-Base=
d
=E2=80=9CUnclonable=E2=80=9D RFID ICs for Anti-Counterfeiting and Security =
Applications.=C2=A0 </span><a href=3D"http://verayo.com/pdf/2008_Verayo_IEE=
E_RFID_Paper.pdf"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decoration=
-line:none">http://verayo.com/pdf/2008_Verayo_IEEE_RFID_Paper.pdf</span></a=
><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[12] Rishab Nithyanand, John Solis. A Theoretical Analysis:
Physical Unclonable Functions and The Software Protection Problem. SANDIA
REPORT SAND2011-6673. Printed in 2011. </span><a href=3D"http://prod.sandia=
.gov/techlib/access-control.cgi/2011/116673.pdf"><span style=3D"font-size:1=
4pt;color:black;text-decoration-line:none">http://prod.sandia.gov/techlib/a=
ccess-control.cgi/2011/116673.pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;c=
olor:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[13] Shahriar B. Shokouhi. Cooperative Artificial Immune
System And Recurrent Neural Network Error Correction Scheme For Generating
Robust Hardware Key. International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And D=
ata
Communication. ISSN: 2320-2084. Volume-4, Issue-5,May 2016 </span><a href=
=3D"http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/1-254-146502604154-=
59.pdf"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decoration-line:none=
">http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/1-254-146502604154-59=
.pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[15] D. Lim. Extracting secret keys from integrated
circuits. Master=E2=80=99s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, M=
ay 2004. </span><a href=3D"http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-476/Dai=
hyunLimThesis.pdf"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decoratio=
n-line:none">http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-476/DaihyunLimThesis.=
pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[16] Ulrich Ruhrmair. On the Formal Foundations of PUFs
and Related Primitives. October 19, 2016. =C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://d=
epositonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/5994/4/ruehrmair_ulrich.pdf"><span =
style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decoration-line:none">https://depo=
sitonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/5994/4/ruehrmair_ulrich.pdf</span></a>=
<span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[17] </span><a href=3D"https://patents.google.com/patent/US20=
090083833A1/en?q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3DPUF+=
physically+unclonable+function"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;t=
ext-decoration-line:none">https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090083833A1=
/en?q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3DPUF+physically+=
unclonable+function</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black"></=
span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[18]=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span><a href=3D"https://=
patents.google.com/patent/US8290150B2/en?q=3Dauthentication&amp;q=3DPUF&amp=
;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3Dauthentication+PUF+physically+=
unclonable+function"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decorat=
ion-line:none">https://patents.google.com/patent/US8290150B2/en?q=3Dauthent=
ication&amp;q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3Dauthent=
ication+PUF+physically+unclonable+function</span></a><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[19] </span><a href=3D"https://patents.google.com/patent/US20=
140279532A1/en?q=3Dauthentication&amp;q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dphysically+unclonable=
+function&amp;oq=3Dauthentication+PUF+physically+unclonable+function"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decoration-line:none">https://pat=
ents.google.com/patent/US20140279532A1/en?q=3Dauthentication&amp;q=3DPUF&am=
p;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3Dauthentication+PUF+physically=
+unclonable+function</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black"><=
/span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[20] RFC 8446 =E2=80=93 The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Protocol Version 1.3 </span><a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc=
8446/"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;color:black;text-decoration-line:none"=
>https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8446/</span></a><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:14pt;color:black"></span></p>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[21] The New Illustrated TLS Connection
<a href=3D"https://tls13.ulfheim.net/">https://tls13.ulfheim.net/</a></span=
></p>

<h1 style=3D"margin-right:0cm;margin-left:0cm;font-size:24pt;font-family:&q=
uot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;font-family:=
Calibri,sans-serif;color:black;font-weight:normal">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0
[22] Internet-draft: State-of-the-Art and Challenges for the Internet
of=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Things Security
draft-irtf-t2trg-iot-seccons-16</span></h1>

<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;color:black">[23]
Internet-draft: TLS 1.3 Extension for Certificate-based Authentication
with=C2=A0 an External Pre-Shared Key. draft-housley-tls-tls13-cert-with-ex=
tern-psk-03</span></p></div>

--000000000000d835c80581fbdc8c--


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Hi,



Please find among many others some IETF related topics [1] that will be
discussed at netdev0x13 just before the IETF meeting in Pragues.



Early bird registration is open until February 20. !!!!



Netdev 0x13 will be held at Hotel Grandium
<https://www.hotel-grandium.cz/en/> in Prague, this spring March 20th -
22th, 2019


Yours,

Daniel



[1] https://www.netdevconf.org/0x13/IETF-relevant-talks.html

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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><p clas=
s=3D"gmail-MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;fo=
nt-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Hi,<span></span></p>

<p class=3D"gmail-MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:=
11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span>=C2=A0</span></p>

<p class=3D"gmail-MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:=
11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Please find among many others some IET=
F related topics [1] that will be
discussed at netdev0x13 just before the IETF meeting in Pragues.<span></spa=
n></p>

<p class=3D"gmail-MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:=
11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span>=C2=A0</span></p>

<p class=3D"gmail-MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:=
11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Early bird registration is open until=
=C2=A0<span style=3D"font-size:11pt">February 20.=C2=A0</span><span style=
=3D"font-size:11pt">!!!!</span></p><p class=3D"gmail-MsoPlainText" style=3D=
"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><sp=
an></span></p>

<p class=3D"gmail-MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:=
11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span>=C2=A0</span></p><p class=3D"gma=
il-MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-famil=
y:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif=
;font-size:small">Netdev 0x13 will be held at </span><a href=3D"https://www=
.hotel-grandium.cz/en/" style=3D"font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;fon=
t-size:small">Hotel Grandium</a><span style=3D"font-family:Arial,Helvetica,=
sans-serif;font-size:small"> in Prague, this spring March                 2=
0th - 22th, 2019</span><span style=3D"font-size:11pt">=C2=A0</span></p><p c=
lass=3D"gmail-MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt=
;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt"><br></span>=
</p>

<p class=3D"gmail-MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:=
11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Yours,<span></span></p>

<p class=3D"gmail-MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:=
11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Daniel</p><p class=3D"gmail-MsoPlainTe=
xt" style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,san=
s-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt">=C2=A0</span></p>

<p class=3D"gmail-MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:=
11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">[1] <a href=3D"https://www.netdevconf.=
org/0x13/IETF-relevant-talks.html" style=3D"color:rgb(5,99,193);text-decora=
tion:underline">https://www.netdevconf.org/0x13/IETF-relevant-talks.html</a=
><span></span></p>

<p class=3D"gmail-MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:=
11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><br></p>

</div></div></div></div>

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From: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
To: Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com>, "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>, "T2TRG@irtf.org" <T2TRG@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
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Date: Sun, 17 Feb 2019 01:00:42 +0000
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Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com> writes:=0A=
=0A=
>We propose that the server is authenticated using X509 certificate in a TL=
S=0A=
>1.3 like protocol. The Server sends 32-byte Challenge. Client replies by=
=0A=
>sending 32-byte Response.=0A=
=0A=
Something very similar to this already exists in the form of CHAP/MSCHAP ov=
er=0A=
PEAP/EAP-TLS/EAP-TTLS.=A0 It's supported by every Radius server and vast nu=
mbers=0A=
(probably billions) of clients.=A0 To compete against this huge installed b=
ase, any=0A=
new proposal would have to be pretty spectacular...=0A=
=0A=
Peter.=0A=


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From: Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 17 Feb 2019 12:33:40 +0530
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Subject: Re: [TLS] ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
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--000000000000592a9a0582119cb2
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

Hello Mr Peter,

Thank you for your reply. It was my first attempt to develop a protocol.
Hence, the mistake. I hope to do better work next time.

Although PUF is not my idea, I would like to know if it is a good idea. I
thought it was the future of IoT world. Should we invest time, money and
energy in it ? Please advise.

Thanks and Regards,
Sankalp Bagaria.

On Sun 17 Feb, 2019, 6:30 AM Peter Gutmann, <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
wrote:

> Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com> writes:
>
> >We propose that the server is authenticated using X509 certificate in a
> TLS
> >1.3 like protocol. The Server sends 32-byte Challenge. Client replies by
> >sending 32-byte Response.
>
> Something very similar to this already exists in the form of CHAP/MSCHAP
> over
> PEAP/EAP-TLS/EAP-TTLS.  It's supported by every Radius server and vast
> numbers
> (probably billions) of clients.  To compete against this huge installed
> base, any
> new proposal would have to be pretty spectacular...
>
> Peter.
>

--000000000000592a9a0582119cb2
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"auto">Hello Mr Peter,<div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"au=
to">Thank you for your reply. It was my first attempt to develop a protocol=
. Hence, the mistake. I hope to do better work next time.</div><div dir=3D"=
auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">Although PUF is not my idea, I would like=
 to know if it is a good idea. I thought it was the future of IoT world. Sh=
ould we invest time, money and energy in it ? Please advise.</div><div dir=
=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">Thanks and Regards,</div><div dir=3D"=
auto">Sankalp Bagaria.</div></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=
=3D"ltr">On Sun 17 Feb, 2019, 6:30 AM Peter Gutmann, &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:=
pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz">pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz</a>&gt; wrote:<br></di=
v><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:=
1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Sankalp Bagaria &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sank=
alp.nitt@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">sankalp.nitt@gmail=
.com</a>&gt; writes:<br>
<br>
&gt;We propose that the server is authenticated using X509 certificate in a=
 TLS<br>
&gt;1.3 like protocol. The Server sends 32-byte Challenge. Client replies b=
y<br>
&gt;sending 32-byte Response.<br>
<br>
Something very similar to this already exists in the form of CHAP/MSCHAP ov=
er<br>
PEAP/EAP-TLS/EAP-TTLS.=C2=A0 It&#39;s supported by every Radius server and =
vast numbers<br>
(probably billions) of clients.=C2=A0 To compete against this huge installe=
d base, any<br>
new proposal would have to be pretty spectacular...<br>
<br>
Peter.<br>
</blockquote></div>

--000000000000592a9a0582119cb2--


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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
To: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>, Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com>, "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>, "T2TRG@irtf.org" <T2TRG@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
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Date: Sun, 17 Feb 2019 18:50:20 +0000
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From: Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Feb 2019 07:07:53 +0530
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To: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
Cc: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>, tls@ietf.org,  "T2TRG@irtf.org" <T2TRG@irtf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
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Hi,

Servers are usually more secure and can store challenge/ response pairs for
all clients it connects with in Oracle.

Remote IoT devices can be attacked physically and keys retrieved from them.
To prevent this, costly and complex tamper proof cryptographic circuitry is
used.

PUF provides a cheaper alternative to complex and expensive cryptographic
circuitry. As keys need not be stored at the IoT device. When PUF receives
a challenge from server, it calculates response and sends it to server.

Thanks and Regards,
Sankalp Bagaria..



On Mon 18 Feb, 2019, 12:20 AM Salz, Rich, <rsalz@akamai.com> wrote:

> I would also be concerned about adding a "new" scheme that easily
> functions as an oracle.
>
> =EF=BB=BFOn 2/16/19, 8:01 PM, "Peter Gutmann" <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>=
 wrote:
>
>     Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com> writes:
>
>     >We propose that the server is authenticated using X509 certificate i=
n
> a TLS
>     >1.3 like protocol. The Server sends 32-byte Challenge. Client replie=
s
> by
>     >sending 32-byte Response.
>
>     Something very similar to this already exists in the form of
> CHAP/MSCHAP over
>     PEAP/EAP-TLS/EAP-TTLS.  It's supported by every Radius server and vas=
t
> numbers
>     (probably billions) of clients.  To compete against this huge
> installed base, any
>     new proposal would have to be pretty spectacular...
>
>     Peter.
>
>     _______________________________________________
>     TLS mailing list
>     TLS@ietf.org
>     https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>
>
>

--0000000000001c1b210582212d38
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<div dir=3D"auto">Hi,<div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">Servers =
are usually more secure and can store challenge/ response pairs for all cli=
ents it connects with in Oracle.</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=
=3D"auto">Remote IoT devices can be attacked physically and keys retrieved =
from them. To prevent this, costly and complex tamper proof cryptographic c=
ircuitry is used.</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">PUF pr=
ovides a cheaper alternative to complex and expensive cryptographic circuit=
ry. As keys need not be stored at the IoT device. When PUF receives a chall=
enge from server, it calculates response and sends it to server.</div><div =
dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">Thanks and Regards,</div><div dir=
=3D"auto">Sankalp Bagaria..</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"au=
to"><br></div></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr">On Mon =
18 Feb, 2019, 12:20 AM Salz, Rich, &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:rsalz@akamai.com">=
rsalz@akamai.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" =
style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">I w=
ould also be concerned about adding a &quot;new&quot; scheme that easily fu=
nctions as an oracle.<br>
<br>
=EF=BB=BFOn 2/16/19, 8:01 PM, &quot;Peter Gutmann&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mail=
to:pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">pgut001@=
cs.auckland.ac.nz</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 Sankalp Bagaria &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sankalp.nitt@gmail.com"=
 target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">sankalp.nitt@gmail.com</a>&gt; writes=
:<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 &gt;We propose that the server is authenticated using X509 ce=
rtificate in a TLS<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 &gt;1.3 like protocol. The Server sends 32-byte Challenge. Cl=
ient replies by<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 &gt;sending 32-byte Response.<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 Something very similar to this already exists in the form of =
CHAP/MSCHAP over<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 PEAP/EAP-TLS/EAP-TTLS.=C2=A0 It&#39;s supported by every Radi=
us server and vast numbers<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 (probably billions) of clients.=C2=A0 To compete against this=
 huge installed base, any<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 new proposal would have to be pretty spectacular...<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 Peter.<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 _______________________________________________<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 TLS mailing list<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 <a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"nore=
ferrer">TLS@ietf.org</a><br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" rel=3D"=
noreferrer noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listi=
nfo/tls</a><br>
<br>
<br>
</blockquote></div>

--0000000000001c1b210582212d38--


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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
To: Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com>
CC: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>, "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>,  "T2TRG@irtf.org" <T2TRG@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
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From: Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Feb 2019 08:29:54 +0530
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To: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
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Hi,

I looked in net for Oracle and found the following limitation. PUF depends
on physical variations of chip at time of manufacturing and after
processing, should function as a better Oracle than any other algorithm.
Limitations (as per wikipedia)Edit
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3DRandom_oracle&action=3Dedit=
&section=3D2>

According to the Church=E2=80=93Turing thesis
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%E2%80%93Turing_thesis>, no function
computable by a finite algorithm can implement a true random oracle (which
by definition requires an infinite description because it has infinitely
many possible inputs, and its outputs are all independent from each other
and need to be individually specified by any description).

Thanks and Regards,

Sankalp Bagaria.

On Mon 18 Feb, 2019, 7:15 AM Salz, Rich, <rsalz@akamai.com> wrote:

> Do you know what I mean by an oracle?
>
>
>
>    - PUF provides a cheaper alternative to complex and expensive
>    cryptographic circuitry. As keys need not be stored at the IoT device.=
 When
>    PUF receives a challenge from server, it calculates response and sends=
 it
>    to server.
>
>

--00000000000071b99a05822252e2
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<div dir=3D"auto">Hi,<div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">I looked=
 in net for Oracle and found the following limitation. PUF depends on physi=
cal variations of chip at time of manufacturing and after processing, shoul=
d function as a better Oracle than any other algorithm.=C2=A0</div><div dir=
=3D"auto"><h2 style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0.5em;padding:0.5em 0px;border-width:=
0px 0px 1px;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgb(234,236,240);=
font-weight:inherit;line-height:1.3;font-family:&quot;linux libertine&quot;=
,georgia,times,serif;vertical-align:baseline;background:none rgb(255,255,25=
5);word-wrap:break-word;display:table;color:rgb(34,34,34)"><span style=3D"m=
argin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;fo=
nt-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:24px;ve=
rtical-align:middle;background:none;display:table-cell;width:248px">Limitat=
ions (as per wikipedia)</span><span style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:=
0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height=
:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:24px;vertical-align:middle;backgroun=
d:none;display:table-cell"><a href=3D"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.ph=
p?title=3DRandom_oracle&amp;action=3Dedit&amp;section=3D2" style=3D"margin:=
0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-wei=
ght:inherit;line-height:1.5em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.666667em;vert=
ical-align:baseline;background:none;text-decoration-line:none;color:rgb(107=
,75,161);min-height:1.5em;min-width:3.5em;width:3.5em;max-width:3.5em;displ=
ay:block">Edit</a></span></h2><div style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0=
px;line-height:inherit;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;,helvetica,&qu=
ot;nimbus sans l&quot;,arial,&quot;liberation sans&quot;,sans-serif;font-si=
ze:16px;vertical-align:baseline;background:none rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(=
34,34,34)" dir=3D"auto"><p style=3D"margin:0.5em 0px 1em;padding:0px;border=
:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-heigh=
t:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;background:none">Acco=
rding to the=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%E2%80%9=
3Turing_thesis" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inher=
it;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family=
:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;background:none;text-decoration-line:none;=
color:rgb(107,75,161)">Church=E2=80=93Turing thesis</a>, no function comput=
able by a finite algorithm can implement a true random oracle (which by def=
inition requires an infinite description because it has infinitely many pos=
sible inputs, and its outputs are all independent from each other and need =
to be individually specified by any description).</p><p style=3D"margin:0.5=
em 0px 1em;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;f=
ont-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:b=
aseline;background:none">Thanks and Regards,</p><p style=3D"margin:0.5em 0p=
x 1em;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-w=
eight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseli=
ne;background:none">Sankalp Bagaria.</p></div></div></div><br><div class=3D=
"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr">On Mon 18 Feb, 2019, 7:15 AM Salz, Rich, &lt=
;<a href=3D"mailto:rsalz@akamai.com">rsalz@akamai.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br></d=
iv><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left=
:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">





<div lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"m_-3842652617807760477WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Do you know what I mean by an oracle?<u></u><u></u><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
<div>
<div>
<ul style=3D"margin-top:0in" type=3D"disc">
<li class=3D"m_-3842652617807760477MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0=
in">PUF provides a cheaper alternative to complex and expensive cryptograph=
ic circuitry. As keys need not be stored at the IoT device. When PUF receiv=
es a challenge from server, it calculates
 response and sends it to server.<u></u><u></u></li></ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

</blockquote></div>

--00000000000071b99a05822252e2--


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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
To: Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com>
CC: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>, "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>,  "T2TRG@irtf.org" <T2TRG@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
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Date: Mon, 18 Feb 2019 03:29:45 +0000
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From: Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Feb 2019 09:27:54 +0530
Message-ID: <CAPZZOTh_YYkUj7qRQGVHHnXjETMYc+umTLOvvO5JGDFzapQcVQ@mail.gmail.com>
To: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
Cc: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>, tls@ietf.org,  "T2TRG@irtf.org" <T2TRG@irtf.org>
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/lBmqBmq6VxoPqeSUN6URKgOJVTs>
Subject: Re: [TLS] ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
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Hi,

Please see the comments inline.

On Mon 18 Feb, 2019, 8:59 AM Salz, Rich, <rsalz@akamai.com> wrote:

> If a client will sign any challenge presented by any server, it open up a
> big hole.  An attacker can present a challenge that a (future) valid server
> will present, and the attacker, having the answer, can then act as the
> device to the server.
>
Replay attack is avoided by using a challenge/ response pair only once.
2^32 combinations possible for 32 byte challenge.

Server is authenticated by its certificate. An attacker will not be able to
do so.

> For example, the attacker can intercept the server/client communication,
> present the challenge on its own, and then act as the client.
>

 MiTM attack is not possible since server is authenticated by certificate.
> An attacker will not have the private key of the server.
>
Thanks and Regards,
Sankalp Bagaria..

>

--000000000000d6cc5f05822321f4
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"auto"><div>Hi,</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"aut=
o">Please see the comments inline.<br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote" dir=3D=
"auto"><div dir=3D"ltr">On Mon 18 Feb, 2019, 8:59 AM Salz, Rich, &lt;<a hre=
f=3D"mailto:rsalz@akamai.com">rsalz@akamai.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blo=
ckquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #c=
cc solid;padding-left:1ex">





<div lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"m_7289053881142964576WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">If a client will sign any challenge presented by any=
 server, it open up a big hole.=C2=A0 An attacker can present a challenge t=
hat a (future) valid server will present, and the attacker, having the answ=
er, can then act as the device to the server.
</p></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir=3D"auto">Replay attack is=
 avoided by using a challenge/ response pair only once. 2^32 combinations p=
ossible for 32 byte challenge.=C2=A0</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div =
dir=3D"auto">Server is authenticated by its certificate. An attacker will n=
ot be able to do so.</div><div dir=3D"auto"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><blo=
ckquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #c=
cc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purpl=
e"><div class=3D"m_7289053881142964576WordSection1"><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=
 For example, the attacker can intercept the server/client communication, p=
resent the challenge on its own, and then act as the client.</p></div></div=
></blockquote></div></div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto"><di=
v class=3D"gmail_quote"><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0=
 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang=3D"EN-US" =
link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple"><div class=3D"m_7289053881142964576WordSecti=
on1"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0MiTM attack is not possible since serve=
r is authenticated by certificate. An attacker will not have the private ke=
y of the server.</p></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir=3D"auto">=
Thanks and Regards,</div><div dir=3D"auto">Sankalp Bagaria..</div><div dir=
=3D"auto"></div><div dir=3D"auto"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><blockquote cl=
ass=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;p=
adding-left:1ex"><div lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple"><div cl=
ass=3D"m_7289053881142964576WordSection1"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u></p=
>
</div>
</div>

</blockquote></div></div></div>

--000000000000d6cc5f05822321f4--


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From: Paul Lambert <paul@nymbus.net>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] [T2TRG] ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
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Sankalp,

The schema below is the wrong way to use PUF technology for IoT device =
authentication.=20

PUF is already being used in many fielded IoT systems. You simply use =
the device unique PUF secret to create a public/private key pair. The =
public key is then extracted and used to authentic the device. This =
enables tracking and identification of the device through its full =
life-cycle. Early observation of the device-unique public key mitigates =
a variety of supply chain attacks. The extracted public key may be =
certified by a X.509 CA. The PUF derived identity may then be used =
directly in a TLS protocol exchange.=20

Early assignment of public key certificate to a device enables strong =
protection of the device during manufacturing. The PUF device keys may =
be used as part of the boot process to enable per-device protection of =
sensitive firmware or other cryptographic secrets. =20

PUF may be instantiated as HW or SW. Your scheme mentions " signal path =
can affect the delay in the propagation of a signal=E2=80=9D =E2=80=A6 =
the seems to imply a HW based implementation (perhaps a Butterfly PUF). =
A simpler implementation would be to use SRAM PUF where the entropy in =
uninitialized SRAM is used to generate the device unique secrets. SRAM =
based PUF can be readily integrated into existing MCU devices.

The simplest application of PUF in IoT uses a device unique symmetric =
secret key to serve as a key to encrypt sensitive data in unprotected NV =
memory.  This is basically a low-level key vault  that provides =
confidential and non-non-maleable secure device storage. This is a very =
attractive alternative to OTP memory that s more expensive and of =
limited size.=20

PUF is just one way for a device to obtain unique secrets (symmetric or =
asymmetric). It has been standard practice to =E2=80=9Cinject=E2=80=99 =
secrets during manufacturing. Injection requires more trust in the key =
distribution and provisioning process than approaches that generate keys =
on device and never expose these secrets.=20

Long-lived device unique public keys and certificates that provide =
protection through the full manufacturing life-cycle are an interesting =
topic area =E2=80=A6  Challenge/response PUF protocols are not useful or =
interesting for standardization.

Paul





> On Feb 15, 2019, at 9:06 PM, Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com> =
wrote:
>=20
> Hello,
>=20
> Please take a look at this and advise if it is a good idea and whether =
it should be pursued.
>=20
> Thanks,
>=20
> Sankalp Bagaria.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
>=20
> Abstract: We propose that the server is authenticated using X509 =
certificate in a TLS 1.3 like protocol. The Server sends 32-byte =
Challenge. Client replies by sending 32-byte Response. Thus the client =
is authenticated. In the transfer of the application data, the client =
may send more challenge-response pairs as encrypted data for updating =
database of server. Client doesn=E2=80=99t store challenge/response or =
key or certificate. Both the server and the client can initiate the =
handshake.
>=20
> Background
>=20
> Traditionally, there are two ways to authenticate a device: a =
centralised CA issuing certificates and block-chain. Both require costly =
infrastructure and can=E2=80=99t be used to authenticate IoT devices, =
which are of low cost. While block-chain provides non-repudiation, =
transactions are distributed all over the net. X.509 certificates are =
costlier than many sensors.
>=20
> Another option is Physically Uncloneable Functions (PUF). Because of =
the random variations taking place during the manufacturing process of =
an IC, no two ICs are same. For instance, the impurities present in the =
IC can affect the doping level of an IC and thus cause signal paths to =
change. These slight variations in the signal path can affect the delay =
in the propagation of a signal which can be measured and used to =
identify the chip. This uniqueness of an IC can be used to authenticate =
the device in which the IC has been placed.
>=20
> =20
> PUF: The Concept
>=20
>=20
>=20
>  Figure 1: PUF =E2=80=93 Multiplexer pair=E2=80=99s output delay =
compared by arbiter (latch)
>=20
> When the same input is fed to two adjacent multiplexers, depending on =
the impurities and other manufacturing variations, the delay observed in =
the propagation of the signal to one multiplexer output is different =
from that of the other. This delay can be compared using an arbiter =
(latch) and the final output generated. Several pairs of multiplexers =
can be operated in parallel or a series of inputs can be fed to the same =
pair of multiplexer. Thus, a set of output bits is generated that is =
specific to the chip.
>=20
> The set of input bits is called challenge and the set of output bits =
is called response. A challenge/ response pair is specific to the chip. =
The experimental results [4] show that two identical PUF circuits on two =
different chips have different outputs for the same input with a =
probability of 23% (inter-chip variation). On the other hand, multiple =
measurements on the same chip are different only with 0.7% probability. =
As both the multiplexers on the chip are in the same environment, the =
PUF output is mostly independent of the environmental variations.
>=20
> Limitations of current PUF implementation
>=20
> To prevent the replay attack, a challenge =E2=80=93 response pair can =
be used only once. To enable this, a large set of challenge =E2=80=93 =
response pairs have to be generated at the installation time and =
pre-stored in the server. A server can have many devices connected to =
it. So, it has to have a large database and computational power.
>=20
> Moreover, this setting is inflexible. There is the problem of =
distributing challenge/ response pairs from client to server. When the =
PUF is commissioned, challenge/ response pairs have to be generated at =
the chip and taken to server.  If the server exhausts its supply of =
challenge-response pairs, it cannot be easily renewed.
>=20
> =20
> Our solution
>=20
> Thus in our solution, we combine the best of X.509 certificate and =
PUF. Certificate is well-tested technology and provides flexible way to =
distribute keys. PUF is relatively new but allows a cheap solution to =
IoT authentication problem. Moreover, there is no need to store keys or =
certificates at the client-side.
>=20
> The Protocol Combining TLS 1.3 and Challenge/ Response of PUF
>=20
> The Protocol with Client Starting the Connection
>=20
> Client starts by generating its key_share and sends it to Server for =
normal TLS connection. It also sends acceptable ciphersuites. Server =
generates its own private key and joins with client's keyshare to get =
the shared secret. It takes this share-secret and combines with hash of =
the handshake till that point to generate handshake keys. The connection =
is encrypted from this point on.
>=20
> =20
> The server sends its X.509 certificate, CertificateVerify and =
PUF_Challenge. The client also generates the handshake key from its =
private key and server's public key. It then verifies the certificate, =
generates PUF_Response. It encrypts the PUF_Response and sends to the =
Server. Server verifies it, generates Application Key from Handshake_key =
and hash of the Handshake.
>=20
> =20
> The Client also generates the Application Keys similarly. The =
Application data flows in encrypted form. To start, Server requires only =
one pair of Challenge/ Response. When server's stock is depleting it may =
request more challenge/ response pairs in application data. Client may =
generate more pairs and send them as encrypted data to server which =
stores in its database for future use. Client should delete its copy =
permanently so that an adversary can't recover it by attacking hardware.
>=20
> Client                                                                 =
                                               Server
>=20
> ClientHello                                      =20
>=20
> + key_share          -------->                    =20
>=20
>                                                                        =
                                            ServerHello
>=20
>                                                                        =
                                           + key_share     =20
>=20
>                                                                        =
                      {Encrypted Extensions}
>=20
>                                                                        =
                                            {Certificate}
>=20
>     {CertificateVerify}
>=20
>                                            <---------                  =
                          {PUF_Challenge}
>=20
> PUF_Response              ---------->                            =20
>=20
>                                                                        =
                                           {Finished}
>=20
>                                          <---------                    =
                             [Application Data]
>=20
> {Finished}                                                             =
   =20
>=20
> [Application Data}         <-------->                                  =
          [Application Data]
>=20
> =20
>=20
> =20
>=20
> The Protocol with Server Starting the Connection
>=20
> The Server may also initiate connection by sending Server Hello. =
Client replies by sending Client Hello with its key_share and list of =
acceptable ciphersuites. When server receives Client_Hello, it proceeds =
just like the above use-case.
>=20
> =20
> Client                                                                 =
                                      Server
>=20
>                                                         <-----------   =
                                    ServerHello
>=20
>                                                                      =20=

> ClientHello                                      =20
>=20
> + key_share                              ---------->                   =
                              =20
>=20
>  key_share               =20
>=20
>                                                                        =
                           {Encrypted Extensions}
>=20
>                                                                        =
                                         {Certificate}
>=20
>                                                                        =
                                  {CertificateVerify}
>=20
>                                                               =
<-----------                          {PUF_Challenge}
>=20
>                                                            =20
> {PUF_Response}                              ----------=C3=A0
>=20
>                                                                        =
                                           {Finished}
>=20
>                                                                   =
<---------                      [Application Data]
>=20
>      {Finished}                                                        =
               =20
>=20
> [Application Data}                              <-------->             =
               [Application Data]
>=20
> =20
> The Client doesn't store the Keys, Challenge/ Response or the =
Certificate. Each session is a unit in itself. Everything is calculated =
on the fly. This may create latency but this minimizes the resource =
requirement. It is required that when the IoT device is commissioned, =
atleast one Challenge/ Response pair is generated and stored in Server =
Database. Whenever the challenge - response pairs are depleting, on =
Server's request, the Client can generate them and send to the Server as =
encrypted data. After sending, the Client deletes its copy of Challenge =
/ Response.
>=20
> Future Work:
>=20
> 1)    Complete the development of protocol described above by =
including use cases like when does the Handshake fails and Challenge/ =
Response has to be re-negotiated; when Resumption happens etc.
> 2)    Adapt other IoT protocols like QUIC, DTLS to work with PUF.
> 3)    Validate the solution with PUF-enabled Evaluation kits.
>=20
> References =E2=80=93
>=20
> [1] RFC 5280 - Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate =
and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile. =
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280 =
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280>
> [2] 50 Billion IoT devices will be connected by 2020 =E2=80=93 Post =
=E2=80=93 The Things Network. =
https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/community/thessaloniki/post/50-billion-io=
t-devices-will-be-connected-by-2020 =
<https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/community/thessaloniki/post/50-billion-i=
ot-devices-will-be-connected-by-2020>
> [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_unclonable_function =
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_unclonable_function>
> [4] G. E. Suh and S. Devadas, =E2=80=9CPhysical unclonable functions =
for device authentication and secret key generation,=E2=80=9D in =
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference, San Diego, =
CA, Jun. 2007, pp.9=E2=80=9314 =
https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/puf-dac07.pdf =
<https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/puf-dac07.pdf>
> [5] =
http://people.csail.mit.edu/rudolph/Teaching/Lectures/Security/Lecture-Sec=
urity-PUFs-2.pdf =
<http://people.csail.mit.edu/rudolph/Teaching/Lectures/Security/Lecture-Se=
curity-PUFs-2.pdf>
> [5] Blaise Gassend, Dwaine Clarke, Marten van Dijk and Srinivas =
Devadas. Silicon Physical Random Functions. Proceedings of the Computer =
and Communications Security Conference, November 2002 =
http://csg.csail..mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-456/memo-456.pdf =
<http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-456/memo-456.pdf>
> [6] C. Herder, L. Ren, M. van Dijk, M-D. Yu, and S. Devadas, "Trapdoor =
Computational Fuzzy Extractors and Cryptographically-Secure Physical =
Unclonable Functions", IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure =
Computing, January 2017 =
https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/trapdoor.pdf =
<https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/trapdoor.pdf>
> [7] Helfmeier, Clemens; Nedospasov, Dmitry; Boit, Christian; Seifert, =
Jean-Pierre (2013). Cloning Physically Unclonable Functions =
<http://users.sec.t-labs.tu-berlin.de/~nedos/host2013.pdf> (PDF). IEEE =
Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (IEEE HOST 2013). June 2=E2=80=933, =
2013 Austin, TX, USA
>=20
>  http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6581556 =
<http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6581556>
>  [8] Merchan Jorge Guajardo =
<https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&tbm=3Dpts&hl=3Den&q=3Dininventor:%2=
2Merchan+Jorge+Guajardo%22>, Shankaran S. Kumar =
<https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&tbm=3Dpts&hl=3Den&q=3Dininventor:%2=
2Shankaran+S.+Kumar%22>, Pim T. Tuyls =
<https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&tbm=3Dpts&hl=3Den&q=3Dininventor:%2=
2Pim+T.+Tuyls%22>, Geert J. Schrijen =
<https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&tbm=3Dpts&hl=3Den&q=3Dininventor:%2=
2Geert+J.+Schrijen%22> Identification of devices using physically =
unclonable functions=20
> WO 2009024913 A2
>=20
> [9] M. Fyrbiak, C. Kison, W. Adi. Construction of Software-Based =
Digital Physical Clone Resistant Functions. 2013 Fourth International =
Conference on Emerging Security Technologies =
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6680199 =
<http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6680199>
>       =
[10]https://www.esat.kuleuven.be/cosic/thesis/2011/mai/CloningTheUnclonabl=
e_en.pdf =
<https://www.esat.kuleuven.be/cosic/thesis/2011/mai/CloningTheUnclonable_e=
n.pdf>
> [11] Srinivas Devadas, Edward Suh, Sid Paral, Richard Sowell, Tom =
Ziola, Vivek Khandelwal . Design and Implementation of PUF-Based =
=E2=80=9CUnclonable=E2=80=9D RFID ICs for Anti-Counterfeiting and =
Security Applications.  =
http://verayo.com/pdf/2008_Verayo_IEEE_RFID_Paper.pdf =
<http://verayo.com/pdf/2008_Verayo_IEEE_RFID_Paper.pdf>
> [12] Rishab Nithyanand, John Solis. A Theoretical Analysis: Physical =
Unclonable Functions and The Software Protection Problem. SANDIA REPORT =
SAND2011-6673. Printed in 2011. =
http://prod.sandia.gov/techlib/access-control.cgi/2011/116673.pdf =
<http://prod.sandia..gov/techlib/access-control.cgi/2011/116673.pdf>
> [13] Shahriar B. Shokouhi. Cooperative Artificial Immune System And =
Recurrent Neural Network Error Correction Scheme For Generating Robust =
Hardware Key. International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And Data =
Communication. ISSN: 2320-2084. Volume-4, Issue-5,May 2016 =
http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/1-254-146502604154-59.=
.pdf =
<http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/1-254-146502604154-59=
.pdf>
> [15] D. Lim. Extracting secret keys from integrated circuits. =
Master=E2=80=99s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May =
2004. http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-476/DaihyunLimThesis.pdf =
<http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-476/DaihyunLimThesis.pdf>
> [16] Ulrich Ruhrmair. On the Formal Foundations of PUFs and Related =
Primitives. October 19, 2016.  =
https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/5994/4/ruehrmair_ulrich.p=
df =
<https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/5994/4/ruehrmair_ulrich.=
pdf>
> [17] =
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090083833A1/en?q=3DPUF&q=3Dphysicall=
y+unclonable+function&oq=3DPUF+physically+unclonable+function =
<https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090083833A1/en?q=3DPUF&q=3Dphysical=
ly+unclonable+function&oq=3DPUF+physically+unclonable+function>
> [18]      =
https://patents.google.com/patent/US8290150B2/en?q=3Dauthentication&q=3DPU=
F&q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&oq=3Dauthentication+PUF+physically+un=
clonable+function =
<https://patents.google.com/patent/US8290150B2/en?q=3Dauthentication&q=3DP=
UF&q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&oq=3Dauthentication+PUF+physically+u=
nclonable+function>
> [19] =
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20140279532A1/en?q=3Dauthentication&q=3D=
PUF&q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&oq=3Dauthentication+PUF+physically+=
unclonable+function =
<https://patents.google.com/patent/US20140279532A1/en?q=3Dauthentication&q=
=3DPUF&q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&oq=3Dauthentication+PUF+physical=
ly+unclonable+function>
> [20] RFC 8446 =E2=80=93 The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol =
Version 1.3 https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8446/ =
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8446/>
> [21] The New Illustrated TLS Connection https://tls13.ulfheim.net/ =
<https://tls13.ulfheim.net/>
>       [22] Internet-draft: State-of-the-Art and Challenges for the =
Internet of      Things Security draft-irtf-t2trg-iot-seccons-16
>=20
> [23] Internet-draft: TLS 1.3 Extension for Certificate-based =
Authentication with  an External Pre-Shared Key. =
draft-housley-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk-03
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> T2TRG mailing list
> T2TRG@irtf.org
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/t2trg


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<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dutf-8"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" =
class=3D"">Sankalp,<div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div =
class=3D"">The schema below is the wrong way to use PUF technology for =
IoT device authentication.&nbsp;<div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div =
class=3D"">PUF is already being used in many fielded IoT systems. You =
simply use the device unique PUF secret to create a public/private key =
pair. The public key is then extracted and used to authentic the device. =
This enables tracking and identification of the device through its full =
life-cycle. Early observation of the device-unique public key mitigates =
a variety of supply chain attacks. The extracted public key may be =
certified by a X.509 CA. The PUF derived identity may then be used =
directly in a TLS protocol exchange.&nbsp;</div><div class=3D""><br =
class=3D""></div><div class=3D"">Early assignment of public key =
certificate to a device enables strong protection of the device during =
manufacturing. The PUF device keys may be used as part of the boot =
process to enable per-device protection of sensitive firmware or other =
cryptographic secrets. &nbsp;</div><div class=3D""><br =
class=3D""></div><div class=3D"">PUF may be instantiated as HW or SW. =
Your scheme mentions " signal path can affect the delay in the =
propagation of a signal=E2=80=9D =E2=80=A6 the seems to imply a HW based =
implementation (perhaps a Butterfly PUF). A simpler implementation would =
be to use SRAM PUF where the entropy in uninitialized SRAM is used to =
generate the device unique secrets. SRAM based PUF can be readily =
integrated into existing MCU devices.</div><div class=3D""><br =
class=3D""></div><div class=3D"">The simplest application of PUF in IoT =
uses a device unique symmetric secret key to serve as a key to encrypt =
sensitive data in unprotected NV memory. &nbsp;This is basically a =
low-level key vault &nbsp;that provides confidential and =
non-non-maleable secure device storage. This is a very attractive =
alternative to OTP memory that s more expensive and of limited =
size.&nbsp;</div><div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"">PUF =
is just one way for a device to obtain unique secrets (symmetric or =
asymmetric). It has been standard practice to =E2=80=9Cinject=E2=80=99 =
secrets during manufacturing. Injection requires more trust in the key =
distribution and provisioning process than approaches that generate keys =
on device and never expose these secrets.&nbsp;</div><div class=3D""><br =
class=3D""></div><div class=3D"">Long-lived device unique public keys =
and certificates that provide protection through the full manufacturing =
life-cycle are an interesting topic area =E2=80=A6 =
&nbsp;Challenge/response PUF protocols are not useful or interesting for =
standardization.</div><div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div =
class=3D"">Paul</div><div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div =
class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div =
class=3D""><br class=3D""><div><br class=3D""><blockquote type=3D"cite" =
class=3D""><div class=3D"">On Feb 15, 2019, at 9:06 PM, Sankalp Bagaria =
&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sankalp.nitt@gmail.com" =
class=3D"">sankalp.nitt@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:</div><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" =
class=3D""><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" =
style=3D"text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span =
style=3D"font-size:18.6667px" class=3D""><b =
class=3D"">Hello,</b></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" =
style=3D"text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span =
style=3D"font-size:18.6667px" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Please take a =
look at this and advise if it is a good idea and whether it should be =
pursued.</b></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" =
style=3D"text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span =
style=3D"font-size:18.6667px" class=3D""><b =
class=3D"">Thanks,</b></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" =
style=3D"text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span =
style=3D"font-size:18.6667px" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Sankalp =
Bagaria.</b></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" =
style=3D"text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b =
class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;background-image:initial;backgrou=
nd-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;back=
ground-origin:initial;background-clip:initial" class=3D""><br =
class=3D""></span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" =
style=3D"text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b =
class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;background-image:initial;backgrou=
nd-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;back=
ground-origin:initial;background-clip:initial" class=3D"">ITDA - IoT =
Device Authentication</span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><i =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">Abstract: </span></i><span =
style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">We propose that the =
server is authenticated using X509
certificate in a TLS 1.3 like protocol. The Server sends 32-byte =
Challenge. Client
replies by sending 32-byte Response. Thus the client is authenticated. =
In the
transfer of the application data, the client may send more =
challenge-response
pairs as encrypted data for updating database of server. Client =
doesn=E2=80=99t store
challenge/response or key or certificate. Both the server and the client =
can initiate
the handshake.</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">Background</span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">Traditionally, =
there are two ways to authenticate a device: a
centralised CA issuing certificates and block-chain. Both require costly
infrastructure and can=E2=80=99t be used to authenticate IoT devices, =
which are of low
cost. While block-chain provides non-repudiation, transactions are =
distributed
all over the net. X.509 certificates are costlier than many =
sensors.</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">Another option is =
Physically Uncloneable Functions (PUF). Because
of the random variations taking place during the manufacturing process =
of an
IC, no two ICs are same. For instance, the impurities present in the IC =
can
affect the doping level of an IC and thus cause signal paths to change. =
These
slight variations in the signal path can affect the delay in the =
propagation of
a signal which can be measured and used to identify the chip. This =
uniqueness
of an IC can be used to authenticate the device in which the IC has been
placed.</span></p><div style=3D"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm =
10pt; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;</span><br class=3D"webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">PUF:=
 The Concept</span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D""><img=
 width=3D"576" height=3D"307" alt=3D"P02.JPG" class=3D""></span></b><b =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D""></span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">&nbsp;Figure 1: =
PUF =E2=80=93
Multiplexer pair=E2=80=99s output delay compared by arbiter =
(latch)</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">When the same =
input is fed to two adjacent multiplexers,
depending on the impurities and other manufacturing variations, the =
delay
observed in the propagation of the signal to one multiplexer output is
different from that of the other. This delay can be compared using an =
arbiter
(latch) and the final output generated. Several pairs of multiplexers =
can be
operated in parallel or a series of inputs can be fed to the same pair =
of
multiplexer. Thus, a set of output bits is generated that is specific to =
the
chip. </span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">The set of input =
bits is called challenge and the set of
output bits is called response. A challenge/ response pair is specific =
to the
chip. The experimental results [4] show that two identical PUF circuits =
on two
different chips have different outputs for the same input with a =
probability of
23% (inter-chip variation). On the other hand, multiple measurements on =
the
same chip are different only with 0.7% probability. As both the =
multiplexers on
the chip are in the same environment, the PUF output is mostly =
independent of
the environmental variations. </span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">Limitations of current PUF implementation</span></b></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">To prevent the =
replay attack, a challenge =E2=80=93 response pair can
be used only once. To enable this, a large set of challenge =E2=80=93 =
response pairs
have to be generated at the installation time and pre-stored in the =
server. A
server can have many devices connected to it. So, it has to have a large
database and computational power.</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">Moreover, this =
setting is inflexible. There is the problem of
distributing challenge/ response pairs from client to server. When the =
PUF is
commissioned, challenge/ response pairs have to be generated at the chip =
and
taken to server.&nbsp; If the server exhausts
its supply of challenge-response pairs, it cannot be easily renewed. =
</span></p><div style=3D"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; =
line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;</span><br class=3D"webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">Our =
solution</span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">Thus in our =
solution, we combine the best of X.509
certificate and PUF. Certificate is well-tested technology and provides
flexible way to distribute keys. PUF is relatively new but allows a =
cheap
solution to IoT authentication problem. Moreover, there is no need to =
store
keys or certificates at the client-side.</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">The =
Protocol Combining TLS 1.3 and Challenge/ Response of =
PUF</span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">The =
Protocol with Client Starting the Connection</span></b></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">Client starts by =
generating its key_share and sends it to
Server for normal TLS connection. It also sends acceptable ciphersuites. =
Server
generates its own private key and joins with client's keyshare to get =
the
shared secret. It takes this share-secret and combines with hash of the
handshake till that point to generate handshake keys. The connection is
encrypted from this point on.</span></p><div style=3D"text-align: =
justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; =
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">&nbsp;</span><br =
class=3D"webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">The server sends =
its X.509 certificate, CertificateVerify and
PUF_Challenge. The client also generates the handshake key from its =
private key
and server's public key. It then verifies the certificate, generates =
PUF_Response.
It encrypts the PUF_Response and sends to the Server. Server verifies =
it,
generates Application Key from Handshake_key and hash of the =
Handshake.</span></p><div style=3D"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm =
10pt; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;</span><br class=3D"webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">The Client also =
generates the Application Keys similarly. The
Application data flows in encrypted form. To start, Server requires only =
one
pair of Challenge/ Response. When server's stock is depleting it may =
request
more challenge/ response pairs in application data. Client may generate =
more
pairs and send them as encrypted data to server which stores in its =
database
for future use. Client should delete its copy permanently so that an =
adversary can't
recover it by attacking hardware.</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">Client&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Server</sp=
an></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">ClientHello&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">+ =
key_share&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
--------&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
 =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ServerHello</span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;+
key_share&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;{Encrypted
Extensions}</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;
=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{Certificate}</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
324pt;text-align:justify;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calib=
ri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
{CertificateVerify}</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;---------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {PUF_Challenge}</span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">PUF_Response&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;----------&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm =
0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{Finished}</span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;---------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Appli=
cation
Data]</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">{Finished}&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</=
span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm =
0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">[Application Data} =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;--------&gt;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Application
Data]</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;</span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;</span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">The =
Protocol with Server Starting the Connection</span></b></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">The Server may =
also initiate connection by sending Server
Hello. Client replies by sending Client Hello with its key_share and =
list of
acceptable ciphersuites. When server receives Client_Hello, it proceeds =
just like
the above use-case.</span></p><div style=3D"text-align: justify; margin: =
0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;</span><br class=3D"webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">Client&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;Server</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&lt;-----------&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
ServerHello</span></p><div style=3D"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm =
10pt; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br class=3D"webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p=
 class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">ClientHello&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">+ =
key_share&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;----------&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
324pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;=
font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span =
style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;key_share&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{Encrypt=
ed Extensions}</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{Certificate}</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{CertificateVerify}</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;-----------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;{PUF_Challenge}</span></p><div style=3D"text-align: justify; =
margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: =
Calibri, sans-serif;" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span><br class=3D"webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"=
 style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">{PUF_Response}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;----------</span=
><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Wingdings" =
class=3D"">=C3=A0</span><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D""></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{Finished}</span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;---------&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Application =
Data]</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;{Finished}&nbsp;
=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</=
span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm =
0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">[Application =
Data}&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;--------&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Application Data]</span></p><div =
style=3D"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; =
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">&nbsp;</span><br =
class=3D"webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">The Client doesn't =
store the Keys, Challenge/ Response or the
Certificate. Each session is a unit in itself. Everything is calculated =
on the
fly. This may create latency but this minimizes the resource =
requirement. It is
required that when the IoT device is commissioned, atleast one =
Challenge/
Response pair is generated and stored in Server Database. Whenever the
challenge - response pairs are depleting, on Server's request, the =
Client can
generate them and send to the Server as encrypted data. After sending, =
the
Client deletes its copy of Challenge / Response.</span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">Future Work:</span></b></p><div style=3D"text-align: justify; =
margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; =
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">1)<span =
style=3D"font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-s=
tretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&quot;Times =
New Roman&quot;" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span =
style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">Complete the =
development of protocol
described above by including use cases like when does the Handshake =
fails and
Challenge/ Response has to be re-negotiated; when Resumption happens =
etc.</span></div><div style=3D"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm =
0.0001pt 36pt; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" =
class=3D"">2)<span =
style=3D"font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-s=
tretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&quot;Times =
New Roman&quot;" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span =
style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">Adapt other IoT =
protocols like QUIC,
DTLS to work with PUF.</span></div><p =
class=3D"gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
36pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">3)<span =
style=3D"font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-s=
tretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&quot;Times =
New Roman&quot;" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span =
style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">Validate the =
solution with
PUF-enabled Evaluation kits.</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%" class=3D"">References =
=E2=80=93</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[1] RFC 5280 - Internet X.509 =
Public Key Infrastructure
Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile. </span><a =
href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280</span></a><span =
style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[2] 50 Billion IoT devices will =
be connected by 2020 =E2=80=93
Post =E2=80=93 The Things Network. </span><a =
href=3D"https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/community/thessaloniki/post/50-bi=
llion-iot-devices-will-be-connected-by-2020" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/community/thessaloniki/post/50=
-billion-iot-devices-will-be-connected-by-2020</span></a><span =
style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[3] </span><a =
href=3D"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_unclonable_function" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_unclonable_function</spa=
n></a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[4] G. E. Suh and S. Devadas, =
=E2=80=9CPhysical unclonable
functions for device authentication and secret key generation,=E2=80=9D =
in Proceedings
of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference, San Diego, CA, Jun. =
2007,
pp.9=E2=80=9314 </span><a =
href=3D"https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/puf-dac07.pdf" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/puf-dac07.pdf</span><=
/a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[5] </span><a =
href=3D"http://people.csail.mit.edu/rudolph/Teaching/Lectures/Security/Lec=
ture-Security-PUFs-2.pdf" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">http://people.csail.mit.edu/rudolph/Teaching/Lectures/Security/=
Lecture-Security-PUFs-2.pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D""></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[5] Blaise Gassend, Dwaine =
Clarke, Marten van Dijk and
Srinivas Devadas. Silicon Physical Random Functions. Proceedings of the
Computer and Communications Security Conference, November 2002 </span><a =
href=3D"http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-456/memo-456.pdf" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">http://csg.csail..mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-456/memo-456.pdf</spa=
n></a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[6] C. Herder, L. Ren, M. van =
Dijk, M-D. Yu, and S.
Devadas, "Trapdoor Computational Fuzzy Extractors and
Cryptographically-Secure Physical Unclonable Functions", IEEE =
Transactions
on Dependable and Secure Computing, January 2017 </span><a =
href=3D"https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/trapdoor.pdf" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/trapdoor.pdf</span></=
a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[7] Helfmeier, Clemens; =
Nedospasov, Dmitry; Boit,
Christian; Seifert, Jean-Pierre (2013). </span><a =
href=3D"http://users.sec.t-labs.tu-berlin.de/~nedos/host2013.pdf" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">Cloning
Physically Unclonable Functions</span></a><span style=3D"font-size: =
14pt;" class=3D""> (PDF). IEEE Hardware Oriented Security and Trust =
(IEEE HOST 2013). June
2=E2=80=933, 2013 Austin, TX, USA</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">&nbsp;</span><a =
href=3D"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6581556" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6581556</=
span></a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">&nbsp;[8] </span><a =
href=3D"https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&amp;tbm=3Dpts&amp;hl=3Den&am=
p;q=3Dininventor:%22Merchan+Jorge+Guajardo%22" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">Merchan Jorge
Guajardo</span></a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">, =
</span><a =
href=3D"https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&amp;tbm=3Dpts&amp;hl=3Den&am=
p;q=3Dininventor:%22Shankaran+S.+Kumar%22" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">Shankaran S.
Kumar</span></a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">, </span><a =
href=3D"https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&amp;tbm=3Dpts&amp;hl=3Den&am=
p;q=3Dininventor:%22Pim+T.+Tuyls%22" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: =
14pt;" class=3D"">Pim T. Tuyls</span></a><span style=3D"font-size: =
14pt;" class=3D"">, </span><a =
href=3D"https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&amp;tbm=3Dpts&amp;hl=3Den&am=
p;q=3Dininventor:%22Geert+J.+Schrijen%22" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">Geert J.
Schrijen</span></a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""> =
Identification of devices using physically
unclonable functions <br class=3D"">
WO 2009024913 A2</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm =
0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[9] M. Fyrbiak, C. Kison, W. Adi. =
Construction of
Software-Based Digital Physical Clone Resistant Functions. 2013 Fourth
International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies </span><a =
href=3D"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6680199" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6680199</=
span></a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
[10]<a =
href=3D"https://www.esat.kuleuven.be/cosic/thesis/2011/mai/CloningTheUnclo=
nable_en.pdf" class=3D""><span style=3D"" =
class=3D"">https://www.esat.kuleuven.be/cosic/thesis/2011/mai/CloningTheUn=
clonable_en.pdf</span></a></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[11] Srinivas Devadas, Edward =
Suh, Sid Paral, Richard
Sowell, Tom Ziola, Vivek Khandelwal . Design and Implementation of =
PUF-Based
=E2=80=9CUnclonable=E2=80=9D RFID ICs for Anti-Counterfeiting and =
Security Applications.&nbsp; </span><a =
href=3D"http://verayo.com/pdf/2008_Verayo_IEEE_RFID_Paper.pdf" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">http://verayo.com/pdf/2008_Verayo_IEEE_RFID_Paper.pdf</span></a=
><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[12] Rishab Nithyanand, John =
Solis. A Theoretical Analysis:
Physical Unclonable Functions and The Software Protection Problem. =
SANDIA
REPORT SAND2011-6673. Printed in 2011. </span><a =
href=3D"http://prod.sandia..gov/techlib/access-control.cgi/2011/116673.pdf=
" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">http://prod.sandia.gov/techlib/access-control.cgi/2011/116673.p=
df</span></a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[13] Shahriar B. Shokouhi. =
Cooperative Artificial Immune
System And Recurrent Neural Network Error Correction Scheme For =
Generating
Robust Hardware Key. International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics =
And Data
Communication. ISSN: 2320-2084. Volume-4, Issue-5,May 2016 </span><a =
href=3D"http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/1-254-14650260=
4154-59.pdf" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/1-254-14650=
2604154-59..pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D""></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[15] D. Lim. Extracting secret =
keys from integrated
circuits. Master=E2=80=99s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of =
Technology, May 2004. </span><a =
href=3D"http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-476/DaihyunLimThesis.pdf"=
 class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-476/DaihyunLimThesis.p=
df</span></a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[16] Ulrich Ruhrmair. On the =
Formal Foundations of PUFs
and Related Primitives. October 19, 2016. &nbsp;</span><a =
href=3D"https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/5994/4/ruehrmair_=
ulrich.pdf" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/5994/4/ruehrma=
ir_ulrich.pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D""></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[17] </span><a =
href=3D"https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090083833A1/en?q=3DPUF&amp;q=
=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3DPUF+physically+unclonable+funct=
ion" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090083833A1/en?q=3DPUF&am=
p;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3DPUF+physically+unclonable+fu=
nction</span></a><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p=
 class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[18]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span><a =
href=3D"https://patents.google.com/patent/US8290150B2/en?q=3Dauthenticatio=
n&amp;q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3Dauthenticati=
on+PUF+physically+unclonable+function" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">https://patents.google.com/patent/US8290150B2/en?q=3Dauthentica=
tion&amp;q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3Dauthentic=
ation+PUF+physically+unclonable+function</span></a><span =
style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[19] </span><a =
href=3D"https://patents.google.com/patent/US20140279532A1/en?q=3Dauthentic=
ation&amp;q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3Dauthenti=
cation+PUF+physically+unclonable+function" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">https://patents.google.com/patent/US20140279532A1/en?q=3Dauthen=
tication&amp;q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3Dauthe=
ntication+PUF+physically+unclonable+function</span></a><span =
style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[20] RFC 8446 =E2=80=93 The =
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Protocol Version 1.3 </span><a =
href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8446/" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" =
class=3D"">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8446/</span></a><span =
style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D""></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[21] The New Illustrated TLS =
Connection
<a href=3D"https://tls13.ulfheim.net/" =
class=3D"">https://tls13.ulfheim.net/</a></span></p>

<h1 =
style=3D"margin-right:0cm;margin-left:0cm;font-size:24pt;font-family:&quot=
;Times New Roman&quot;,serif" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 14pt; =
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
[22] Internet-draft: State-of-the-Art and Challenges for the Internet
of&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Things Security
draft-irtf-t2trg-iot-seccons-16</span></h1><p class=3D"MsoNormal" =
style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt =
18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span=
 style=3D"font-size: 14pt;" class=3D"">[23]
Internet-draft: TLS 1.3 Extension for Certificate-based Authentication
with&nbsp; an External Pre-Shared Key. =
draft-housley-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk-03</span></p></div>
_______________________________________________<br class=3D"">T2TRG =
mailing list<br class=3D""><a href=3D"mailto:T2TRG@irtf.org" =
class=3D"">T2TRG@irtf.org</a><br =
class=3D"">https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/t2trg<br =
class=3D""></div></blockquote></div><br =
class=3D""></div></div></body></html>=

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Subject: Re: [TLS] [T2TRG]  ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
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Just to add- this is what the plethora of BRSKI drafts are attempting to =
address in 6tisch, ANIMA, and EMU.  If there is to be a new mechanism, I =
encourage that it be listed on the GitHub page at =
https://github.com/iot-onboarding/catalog =
<https://github.com/iot-onboarding/catalog>.  Both the README.md file =
and the Onboard-Table file should be updated.  PRs welcome.

> On 18 Feb 2019, at 04:29, Salz, Rich <rsalz@akamai.com> wrote:
>=20
> If a client will sign any challenge presented by any server, it open =
up a big hole.  An attacker can present a challenge that a (future) =
valid server will present, and the attacker, having the answer, can then =
act as the device to the server. For example, the attacker can intercept =
the server/client communication, present the challenge on its own, and =
then act as the client.
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> T2TRG mailing list
> T2TRG@irtf.org <mailto:T2TRG@irtf.org>
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/t2trg =
<https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/t2trg>

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<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=3D"">Just =
to add- this is what the plethora of BRSKI drafts are attempting to =
address in 6tisch, ANIMA, and EMU. &nbsp;If there is to be a new =
mechanism, I encourage that it be listed on the GitHub page at&nbsp;<a =
href=3D"https://github.com/iot-onboarding/catalog" =
class=3D"">https://github.com/iot-onboarding/catalog</a>. &nbsp;Both the =
README.md file and the Onboard-Table file should be updated. &nbsp;PRs =
welcome.<br class=3D""><div><br class=3D""><blockquote type=3D"cite" =
class=3D""><div class=3D"">On 18 Feb 2019, at 04:29, Salz, Rich &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:rsalz@akamai.com" class=3D"">rsalz@akamai.com</a>&gt; =
wrote:</div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=3D""><div =
class=3D"WordSection1" style=3D"page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, =
0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; =
font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; =
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: =
normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; =
text-decoration: none;"><div style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=3D"">If a =
client will sign any challenge presented by any server, it open up a big =
hole.&nbsp; An attacker can present a challenge that a (future) valid =
server will present, and the attacker, having the answer, can then act =
as the device to the server. For example, the attacker can intercept the =
server/client communication, present the challenge on its own, and then =
act as the client.<o:p class=3D""></o:p></div><div style=3D"margin: 0in =
0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" =
class=3D""><o:p class=3D"">&nbsp;</o:p></div></div><span =
style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: =
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text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; =
display: inline !important;" =
class=3D"">_______________________________________________</span><br =
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text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; =
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From: Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Feb 2019 16:57:48 +0530
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To: Paul Lambert <paul@nymbus.net>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] [T2TRG] ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
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Hi,

Thank you for your insight. It will help me give direction to my work. I
need to do my homework better. Will look from public/private pair angle
instead of challenge/response.

Looking forward to similar guidance in future also,
Thanks and Regards,
Sankalp Bagaria.


On Mon 18 Feb, 2019, 10:44 AM Paul Lambert, <paul@nymbus.net> wrote:

> Sankalp,
>
> The schema below is the wrong way to use PUF technology for IoT device
> authentication.
>
> PUF is already being used in many fielded IoT systems. You simply use the
> device unique PUF secret to create a public/private key pair. The public
> key is then extracted and used to authentic the device. This enables
> tracking and identification of the device through its full life-cycle.
> Early observation of the device-unique public key mitigates a variety of
> supply chain attacks. The extracted public key may be certified by a X.50=
9
> CA. The PUF derived identity may then be used directly in a TLS protocol
> exchange.
>
> Early assignment of public key certificate to a device enables strong
> protection of the device during manufacturing. The PUF device keys may be
> used as part of the boot process to enable per-device protection of
> sensitive firmware or other cryptographic secrets.
>
> PUF may be instantiated as HW or SW. Your scheme mentions " signal path
> can affect the delay in the propagation of a signal=E2=80=9D =E2=80=A6 th=
e seems to imply a
> HW based implementation (perhaps a Butterfly PUF). A simpler implementati=
on
> would be to use SRAM PUF where the entropy in uninitialized SRAM is used =
to
> generate the device unique secrets. SRAM based PUF can be readily
> integrated into existing MCU devices.
>
> The simplest application of PUF in IoT uses a device unique symmetric
> secret key to serve as a key to encrypt sensitive data in unprotected NV
> memory.  This is basically a low-level key vault  that provides
> confidential and non-non-maleable secure device storage. This is a very
> attractive alternative to OTP memory that s more expensive and of limited
> size.
>
> PUF is just one way for a device to obtain unique secrets (symmetric or
> asymmetric). It has been standard practice to =E2=80=9Cinject=E2=80=99 se=
crets during
> manufacturing. Injection requires more trust in the key distribution and
> provisioning process than approaches that generate keys on device and nev=
er
> expose these secrets.
>
> Long-lived device unique public keys and certificates that provide
> protection through the full manufacturing life-cycle are an interesting
> topic area =E2=80=A6  Challenge/response PUF protocols are not useful or
> interesting for standardization.
>
> Paul
>
>
>
>
>
> On Feb 15, 2019, at 9:06 PM, Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
> *Hello,*
>
> *Please take a look at this and advise if it is a good idea and whether i=
t
> should be pursued.*
>
> *Thanks,*
>
> *Sankalp Bagaria.*
>
>
> *ITDA - IoT Device Authentication*
>
> *Abstract: *We propose that the server is authenticated using X509
> certificate in a TLS 1.3 like protocol. The Server sends 32-byte Challeng=
e.
> Client replies by sending 32-byte Response. Thus the client is
> authenticated. In the transfer of the application data, the client may se=
nd
> more challenge-response pairs as encrypted data for updating database of
> server. Client doesn=E2=80=99t store challenge/response or key or certifi=
cate. Both
> the server and the client can initiate the handshake.
>
> *Background*
>
> Traditionally, there are two ways to authenticate a device: a centralised
> CA issuing certificates and block-chain. Both require costly infrastructu=
re
> and can=E2=80=99t be used to authenticate IoT devices, which are of low c=
ost. While
> block-chain provides non-repudiation, transactions are distributed all ov=
er
> the net. X.509 certificates are costlier than many sensors.
>
> Another option is Physically Uncloneable Functions (PUF). Because of the
> random variations taking place during the manufacturing process of an IC,
> no two ICs are same. For instance, the impurities present in the IC can
> affect the doping level of an IC and thus cause signal paths to change.
> These slight variations in the signal path can affect the delay in the
> propagation of a signal which can be measured and used to identify the
> chip. This uniqueness of an IC can be used to authenticate the device in
> which the IC has been placed.
>
>
> *PUF: The Concept*
>
> *[image: P02.JPG]*
>
>  Figure 1: PUF =E2=80=93 Multiplexer pair=E2=80=99s output delay compared=
 by arbiter
> (latch)
>
> When the same input is fed to two adjacent multiplexers, depending on the
> impurities and other manufacturing variations, the delay observed in the
> propagation of the signal to one multiplexer output is different from tha=
t
> of the other. This delay can be compared using an arbiter (latch) and the
> final output generated. Several pairs of multiplexers can be operated in
> parallel or a series of inputs can be fed to the same pair of multiplexer=
.
> Thus, a set of output bits is generated that is specific to the chip.
>
> The set of input bits is called challenge and the set of output bits is
> called response. A challenge/ response pair is specific to the chip. The
> experimental results [4] show that two identical PUF circuits on two
> different chips have different outputs for the same input with a
> probability of 23% (inter-chip variation). On the other hand, multiple
> measurements on the same chip are different only with 0.7% probability. A=
s
> both the multiplexers on the chip are in the same environment, the PUF
> output is mostly independent of the environmental variations.
>
> *Limitations of current PUF implementation*
>
> To prevent the replay attack, a challenge =E2=80=93 response pair can be =
used only
> once. To enable this, a large set of challenge =E2=80=93 response pairs h=
ave to be
> generated at the installation time and pre-stored in the server. A server
> can have many devices connected to it. So, it has to have a large databas=
e
> and computational power.
>
> Moreover, this setting is inflexible. There is the problem of distributin=
g
> challenge/ response pairs from client to server. When the PUF is
> commissioned, challenge/ response pairs have to be generated at the chip
> and taken to server.  If the server exhausts its supply of
> challenge-response pairs, it cannot be easily renewed.
>
>
> *Our solution*
>
> Thus in our solution, we combine the best of X.509 certificate and PUF.
> Certificate is well-tested technology and provides flexible way to
> distribute keys. PUF is relatively new but allows a cheap solution to IoT
> authentication problem. Moreover, there is no need to store keys or
> certificates at the client-side.
>
> *The Protocol Combining TLS 1.3 and Challenge/ Response of PUF*
>
> *The Protocol with Client Starting the Connection*
>
> Client starts by generating its key_share and sends it to Server for
> normal TLS connection. It also sends acceptable ciphersuites. Server
> generates its own private key and joins with client's keyshare to get the
> shared secret. It takes this share-secret and combines with hash of the
> handshake till that point to generate handshake keys. The connection is
> encrypted from this point on.
>
>
> The server sends its X.509 certificate, CertificateVerify and
> PUF_Challenge. The client also generates the handshake key from its priva=
te
> key and server's public key. It then verifies the certificate, generates
> PUF_Response. It encrypts the PUF_Response and sends to the Server. Serve=
r
> verifies it, generates Application Key from Handshake_key and hash of the
> Handshake.
>
>
> The Client also generates the Application Keys similarly. The Application
> data flows in encrypted form. To start, Server requires only one pair of
> Challenge/ Response. When server's stock is depleting it may request more
> challenge/ response pairs in application data. Client may generate more
> pairs and send them as encrypted data to server which stores in its
> database for future use. Client should delete its copy permanently so tha=
t
> an adversary can't recover it by attacking hardware.
>
> Client
>                                                                          =
                        Server
>
> ClientHello
>
> + key_share          -------->
>
>
>                                                                          =
                    ServerHello
>
>
>                                                         + key_share
>
>
>                                                                 {Encrypte=
d
> Extensions}
>
>
>                                                                  {Certifi=
cate}
>
>     {CertificateVerify}
>
>                                            <---------
>                                {PUF_Challenge}
>
> PUF_Response              ---------->
>
>
>                                                                      {Fin=
ished}
>
>                                          <---------
>                                     [Application Data]
>
> {Finished}
>
> [Application Data}         <-------->
>                                [Application Data]
>
>
>
>
>
> *The Protocol with Server Starting the Connection*
>
> The Server may also initiate connection by sending Server Hello. Client
> replies by sending Client Hello with its key_share and list of acceptable
> ciphersuites. When server receives Client_Hello, it proceeds just like th=
e
> above use-case.
>
>
> Client
>                                                                          =
  Server
>
>                                                         <-----------
>                                      ServerHello
>
>
> ClientHello
>
> + key_share                              ---------->
>
>
>  key_share
>
>
>                                                 {Encrypted Extensions}
>
>
>                                                                  {Certifi=
cate}
>
>
>                                                     {CertificateVerify}
>
>
>                                           <-----------
>               {PUF_Challenge}
>
>
> {PUF_Response}                              ----------=C3=A0
>
>
>                                                                      {Fin=
ished}
>
>
>                                              <---------
>           [Application Data]
>
>      {Finished}
>
>
> [Application Data}                              <-------->
>                 [Application Data]
>
>
> The Client doesn't store the Keys, Challenge/ Response or the Certificate=
.
> Each session is a unit in itself. Everything is calculated on the fly. Th=
is
> may create latency but this minimizes the resource requirement. It is
> required that when the IoT device is commissioned, atleast one Challenge/
> Response pair is generated and stored in Server Database. Whenever the
> challenge - response pairs are depleting, on Server's request, the Client
> can generate them and send to the Server as encrypted data. After sending=
,
> the Client deletes its copy of Challenge / Response.
>
> *Future Work:*
> 1)    Complete the development of protocol described above by including
> use cases like when does the Handshake fails and Challenge/ Response has =
to
> be re-negotiated; when Resumption happens etc.
> 2)    Adapt other IoT protocols like QUIC, DTLS to work with PUF.
>
> 3)    Validate the solution with PUF-enabled Evaluation kits.
>
> References =E2=80=93
>
> [1] RFC 5280 - Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and
> Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile.
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280
>
> [2] 50 Billion IoT devices will be connected by 2020 =E2=80=93 Post =E2=
=80=93 The Things
> Network.
> https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/community/thessaloniki/post/50-billion-i=
ot-devices-will-be-connected-by-2020
>
> [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_unclonable_function
>
> [4] G. E. Suh and S. Devadas, =E2=80=9CPhysical unclonable functions for =
device
> authentication and secret key generation,=E2=80=9D in Proceedings of the =
44th
> annual Design Automation Conference, San Diego, CA, Jun. 2007, pp.9=E2=80=
=9314
> https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/puf-dac07.pdf
>
> [5]
> http://people.csail.mit.edu/rudolph/Teaching/Lectures/Security/Lecture-Se=
curity-PUFs-2.pdf
>
> [5] Blaise Gassend, Dwaine Clarke, Marten van Dijk and Srinivas Devadas.
> Silicon Physical Random Functions. Proceedings of the Computer and
> Communications Security Conference, November 2002
> http://csg.csail..mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-456/memo-456.pdf
> <http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-456/memo-456.pdf>
>
> [6] C. Herder, L. Ren, M. van Dijk, M-D. Yu, and S. Devadas, "Trapdoor
> Computational Fuzzy Extractors and Cryptographically-Secure Physical
> Unclonable Functions", IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure
> Computing, January 2017
> https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/trapdoor.pdf
>
> [7] Helfmeier, Clemens; Nedospasov, Dmitry; Boit, Christian; Seifert,
> Jean-Pierre (2013). Cloning Physically Unclonable Functions
> <http://users.sec.t-labs.tu-berlin.de/~nedos/host2013.pdf> (PDF). IEEE
> Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (IEEE HOST 2013). June 2=E2=80=933, =
2013
> Austin, TX, USA
>
>  http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6581556
>
>  [8] Merchan Jorge Guajardo
> <https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&tbm=3Dpts&hl=3Den&q=3Dininventor:%=
22Merchan+Jorge+Guajardo%22>,
> Shankaran S. Kumar
> <https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&tbm=3Dpts&hl=3Den&q=3Dininventor:%=
22Shankaran+S.+Kumar%22>,
> Pim T. Tuyls
> <https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&tbm=3Dpts&hl=3Den&q=3Dininventor:%=
22Pim+T.+Tuyls%22>,
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> <https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&tbm=3Dpts&hl=3Den&q=3Dininventor:%=
22Geert+J.+Schrijen%22>
> Identification of devices using physically unclonable functions
> WO 2009024913 A2
>
> [9] M. Fyrbiak, C. Kison, W. Adi. Construction of Software-Based Digital
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on
> Emerging Security Technologies
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n.pdf
>
> [11] Srinivas Devadas, Edward Suh, Sid Paral, Richard Sowell, Tom Ziola,
> Vivek Khandelwal . Design and Implementation of PUF-Based =E2=80=9CUnclon=
able=E2=80=9D RFID
> ICs for Anti-Counterfeiting and Security Applications.
> http://verayo.com/pdf/2008_Verayo_IEEE_RFID_Paper.pdf
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> Unclonable Functions and The Software Protection Problem. SANDIA REPORT
> SAND2011-6673. Printed in 2011.
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> Hardware Key. International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And Data
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ly+unclonable+function&oq=3DPUF+physically+unclonable+function
>
> [18]
> https://patents.google.com/patent/US8290150B2/en?q=3Dauthentication&q=3DP=
UF&q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&oq=3Dauthentication+PUF+physically+un=
clonable+function
>
> [19]
> https://patents.google.com/patent/US20140279532A1/en?q=3Dauthentication&q=
=3DPUF&q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&oq=3Dauthentication+PUF+physicall=
y+unclonable+function
>
> [20] RFC 8446 =E2=80=93 The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Versi=
on 1.3
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8446/
>
> [21] The New Illustrated TLS Connection https://tls13.ulfheim.net/
>       [22] Internet-draft: State-of-the-Art and Challenges for the
> Internet of      Things Security draft-irtf-t2trg-iot-seccons-16
>
> [23] Internet-draft: TLS 1.3 Extension for Certificate-based
> Authentication with  an External Pre-Shared Key.
> draft-housley-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk-03
> _______________________________________________
> T2TRG mailing list
> T2TRG@irtf.org
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/t2trg
>
>
>

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<div dir=3D"auto"><div><span style=3D"font-family:sans-serif">Hi,</span><di=
v dir=3D"auto" style=3D"font-family:sans-serif"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto"=
 style=3D"font-family:sans-serif">Thank you for your insight. It will help =
me give direction to my work. I need to do my homework better. Will look fr=
om public/private pair angle instead of challenge/response.</div><div dir=
=3D"auto" style=3D"font-family:sans-serif"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto" styl=
e=3D"font-family:sans-serif">Looking forward to similar guidance in future =
also,</div><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"font-family:sans-serif">Thanks and Re=
gards,</div><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"font-family:sans-serif">Sankalp Baga=
ria.</div><br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr">On Mon 18 Feb=
, 2019, 10:44 AM Paul Lambert, &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:paul@nymbus.net">paul@=
nymbus.net</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=
=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div sty=
le=3D"word-wrap:break-word;line-break:after-white-space">Sankalp,<div><br><=
/div><div>The schema below is the wrong way to use PUF technology for IoT d=
evice authentication.=C2=A0<div><br></div><div>PUF is already being used in=
 many fielded IoT systems. You simply use the device unique PUF secret to c=
reate a public/private key pair. The public key is then extracted and used =
to authentic the device. This enables tracking and identification of the de=
vice through its full life-cycle. Early observation of the device-unique pu=
blic key mitigates a variety of supply chain attacks. The extracted public =
key may be certified by a X.509 CA. The PUF derived identity may then be us=
ed directly in a TLS protocol exchange.=C2=A0</div><div><br></div><div>Earl=
y assignment of public key certificate to a device enables strong protectio=
n of the device during manufacturing. The PUF device keys may be used as pa=
rt of the boot process to enable per-device protection of sensitive firmwar=
e or other cryptographic secrets. =C2=A0</div><div><br></div><div>PUF may b=
e instantiated as HW or SW. Your scheme mentions &quot; signal path can aff=
ect the delay in the propagation of a signal=E2=80=9D =E2=80=A6 the seems t=
o imply a HW based implementation (perhaps a Butterfly PUF). A simpler impl=
ementation would be to use SRAM PUF where the entropy in uninitialized SRAM=
 is used to generate the device unique secrets. SRAM based PUF can be readi=
ly integrated into existing MCU devices.</div><div><br></div><div>The simpl=
est application of PUF in IoT uses a device unique symmetric secret key to =
serve as a key to encrypt sensitive data in unprotected NV memory.=C2=A0 Th=
is is basically a low-level key vault =C2=A0that provides confidential and =
non-non-maleable secure device storage. This is a very attractive alternati=
ve to OTP memory that s more expensive and of limited size.=C2=A0</div><div=
><br></div><div>PUF is just one way for a device to obtain unique secrets (=
symmetric or asymmetric). It has been standard practice to =E2=80=9Cinject=
=E2=80=99 secrets during manufacturing. Injection requires more trust in th=
e key distribution and provisioning process than approaches that generate k=
eys on device and never expose these secrets.=C2=A0</div><div><br></div><di=
v>Long-lived device unique public keys and certificates that provide protec=
tion through the full manufacturing life-cycle are an interesting topic are=
a =E2=80=A6 =C2=A0Challenge/response PUF protocols are not useful or intere=
sting for standardization.</div><div><br></div><div>Paul</div><div><br></di=
v><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"=
><div>On Feb 15, 2019, at 9:06 PM, Sankalp Bagaria &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sa=
nkalp.nitt@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">sankalp.nitt@gma=
il.com</a>&gt; wrote:</div><br class=3D"m_-6383625373508140545Apple-interch=
ange-newline"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center"=
 style=3D"text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-famil=
y:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:18.6667px"><b>Hello,</b></sp=
an></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-align:center;m=
argin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span s=
tyle=3D"font-size:18.6667px"><b>Please take a look at this and advise if it=
 is a good idea and whether it should be pursued.</b></span></p><p class=3D=
"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt=
;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:=
18.6667px"><b>Thanks,</b></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center"=
 style=3D"text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-famil=
y:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:18.6667px"><b>Sankalp Bagari=
a.</b></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-alig=
n:center;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Ca=
libri,sans-serif"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;backgro=
und-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;backg=
round-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><br=
></span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-align=
:center;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Cal=
ibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;backgrou=
nd-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;backgr=
ound-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">ITDA=
 - IoT Device Authentication</span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"=
text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font=
-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><i><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:11=
5%">Abstract: </span></i><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">We=
 propose that the server is authenticated using X509
certificate in a TLS 1.3 like protocol. The Server sends 32-byte Challenge.=
 Client
replies by sending 32-byte Response. Thus the client is authenticated. In t=
he
transfer of the application data, the client may send more challenge-respon=
se
pairs as encrypted data for updating database of server. Client doesn=E2=80=
=99t store
challenge/response or key or certificate. Both the server and the client ca=
n initiate
the handshake.</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify=
;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sa=
ns-serif"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Background</sp=
an></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0c=
m 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Traditionally, there are two wa=
ys to authenticate a device: a
centralised CA issuing certificates and block-chain. Both require costly
infrastructure and can=E2=80=99t be used to authenticate IoT devices, which=
 are of low
cost. While block-chain provides non-repudiation, transactions are distribu=
ted
all over the net. X.509 certificates are costlier than many sensors.</span>=
</p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;=
line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Another option is Physically Uncloneab=
le Functions (PUF). Because
of the random variations taking place during the manufacturing process of a=
n
IC, no two ICs are same. For instance, the impurities present in the IC can
affect the doping level of an IC and thus cause signal paths to change. The=
se
slight variations in the signal path can affect the delay in the propagatio=
n of
a signal which can be measured and used to identify the chip. This uniquene=
ss
of an IC can be used to authenticate the device in which the IC has been
placed.</span></p><div style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line=
-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"=
font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span><br class=3D"m_-6383625373508=
140545webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-=
align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-fami=
ly:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">P=
UF: The Concept</span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:ju=
stify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calib=
ri,sans-serif"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%"><img widt=
h=3D"576" height=3D"307" alt=3D"P02.JPG"></span></b><b><span style=3D"font-=
size:14pt;line-height:115%"></span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"=
text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font=
-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%"=
>=C2=A0Figure 1: PUF =E2=80=93
Multiplexer pair=E2=80=99s output delay compared by arbiter (latch)</span><=
/p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;l=
ine-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">When the same input is fed to two adja=
cent multiplexers,
depending on the impurities and other manufacturing variations, the delay
observed in the propagation of the signal to one multiplexer output is
different from that of the other. This delay can be compared using an arbit=
er
(latch) and the final output generated. Several pairs of multiplexers can b=
e
operated in parallel or a series of inputs can be fed to the same pair of
multiplexer. Thus, a set of output bits is generated that is specific to th=
e
chip. </span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:=
0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif=
"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">The set of input bits is =
called challenge and the set of
output bits is called response. A challenge/ response pair is specific to t=
he
chip. The experimental results [4] show that two identical PUF circuits on =
two
different chips have different outputs for the same input with a probabilit=
y of
23% (inter-chip variation). On the other hand, multiple measurements on the
same chip are different only with 0.7% probability. As both the multiplexer=
s on
the chip are in the same environment, the PUF output is mostly independent =
of
the environmental variations. </span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"te=
xt-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-f=
amily:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%=
">Limitations of current PUF implementation</span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNo=
rmal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font=
-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;li=
ne-height:115%">To prevent the replay attack, a challenge =E2=80=93 respons=
e pair can
be used only once. To enable this, a large set of challenge =E2=80=93 respo=
nse pairs
have to be generated at the installation time and pre-stored in the server.=
 A
server can have many devices connected to it. So, it has to have a large
database and computational power.</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D=
"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;fon=
t-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%=
">Moreover, this setting is inflexible. There is the problem of
distributing challenge/ response pairs from client to server. When the PUF =
is
commissioned, challenge/ response pairs have to be generated at the chip an=
d
taken to server.=C2=A0 If the server exhausts
its supply of challenge-response pairs, it cannot be easily renewed. </span=
></p><div style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;=
font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14p=
t;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span><br class=3D"m_-6383625373508140545webkit-=
block-placeholder"></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify=
;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sa=
ns-serif"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Our solution</=
span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm =
0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><s=
pan style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Thus in our solution, we comb=
ine the best of X.509
certificate and PUF. Certificate is well-tested technology and provides
flexible way to distribute keys. PUF is relatively new but allows a cheap
solution to IoT authentication problem. Moreover, there is no need to store
keys or certificates at the client-side.</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" s=
tyle=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:1=
1pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-h=
eight:115%">The Protocol Combining TLS 1.3 and Challenge/ Response of PUF</=
span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm =
0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b=
><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">The Protocol with Client S=
tarting the Connection</span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-a=
lign:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-famil=
y:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Clien=
t starts by generating its key_share and sends it to
Server for normal TLS connection. It also sends acceptable ciphersuites. Se=
rver
generates its own private key and joins with client&#39;s keyshare to get t=
he
shared secret. It takes this share-secret and combines with hash of the
handshake till that point to generate handshake keys. The connection is
encrypted from this point on.</span></p><div style=3D"text-align:justify;ma=
rgin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-=
serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span><br cla=
ss=3D"m_-6383625373508140545webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p class=3D"Mso=
Normal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;fo=
nt-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;=
line-height:115%">The server sends its X.509 certificate, CertificateVerify=
 and
PUF_Challenge. The client also generates the handshake key from its private=
 key
and server&#39;s public key. It then verifies the certificate, generates PU=
F_Response.
It encrypts the PUF_Response and sends to the Server. Server verifies it,
generates Application Key from Handshake_key and hash of the Handshake.</sp=
an></p><div style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115=
%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:1=
4pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span><br class=3D"m_-6383625373508140545webki=
t-block-placeholder"></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justi=
fy;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,=
sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">The Client also=
 generates the Application Keys similarly. The
Application data flows in encrypted form. To start, Server requires only on=
e
pair of Challenge/ Response. When server&#39;s stock is depleting it may re=
quest
more challenge/ response pairs in application data. Client may generate mor=
e
pairs and send them as encrypted data to server which stores in its databas=
e
for future use. Client should delete its copy permanently so that an advers=
ary can&#39;t
recover it by attacking hardware.</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D=
"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;fon=
t-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%=
">Client=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0Server</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;marg=
in:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-se=
rif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">ClientHello=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
 </span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0=
cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><sp=
an style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">+ key_share=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
--------&gt;=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0  =
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0</span></p><p c=
lass=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-hei=
ght:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font=
-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0ServerHello</span></p><p class=3D=
"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115=
%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:1=
4pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0+
key_share=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></p><p class=3D"MsoNor=
mal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-=
size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;lin=
e-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0{Encrypted
Extensions}</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;ma=
rgin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-=
serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0{Certificate}</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"marg=
in:0cm 0cm 10pt 324pt;text-align:justify;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;fo=
nt-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115=
%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
{CertificateVerify}</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:ju=
stify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calib=
ri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0&lt;---------=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 {PUF_Challe=
nge}</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0c=
m 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">=
<span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">PUF_Response=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0----------&gt;=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-al=
ign:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family=
:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
{Finished}</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;mar=
gin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-s=
erif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0&lt=
;---------=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0[Application
Data]</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0=
cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"=
><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">{Finished}=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0</span></=
p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;li=
ne-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">[Application Data} =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0&lt;--------&gt;=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0[Application
Data]</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0=
cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"=
><b><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span></b></p><p=
 class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-h=
eight:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=3D=
"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span></b></p><p class=3D"MsoNorma=
l" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-si=
ze:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;li=
ne-height:115%">The Protocol with Server Starting the Connection</span></b>=
</p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;=
line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">The Server may also initiate connectio=
n by sending Server
Hello. Client replies by sending Client Hello with its key_share and list o=
f
acceptable ciphersuites. When server receives Client_Hello, it proceeds jus=
t like
the above use-case.</span></p><div style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0=
cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><sp=
an style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span><br class=3D"m_-6=
383625373508140545webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal" st=
yle=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11=
pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-heigh=
t:115%">Client=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Server</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=
=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;=
font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:1=
15%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0&lt;-----------=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0ServerHello</sp=
an></p><div style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115=
%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:1=
4pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
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eight:115%">+ key_share=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0----------&gt;=C2=A0=C2=A0=
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ndent:36pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">=
<span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0key_share=C2=A0=C2=A0=
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=A0=C2=A0 </span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;mar=
gin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-s=
erif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0{Encrypted Extensions}</span></p><p class=
=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:=
115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
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=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0{Certificate}</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=
=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;=
font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:1=
15%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
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=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0{CertificateVerify}</span></p><p class=3D"Mso=
Normal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;fo=
nt-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;=
line-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0&lt;-----------=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0{PUF_Challenge}</span></p><div style=3D"text-=
align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-fami=
ly:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
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=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span><br class=3D"m_-638=
3625373508140545webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal" styl=
e=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt=
;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:=
115%">{PUF_Response}=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0----------</span><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Wingdings">=C3=A0</span><sp=
an style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNorm=
al" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-s=
ize:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line=
-height:115%">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0{Finished}</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"t=
ext-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-=
family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0&lt;---------=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0[Application Data]</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"te=
xt-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-f=
amily:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0{Finished}=C2=A0
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"=
 style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size=
:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-he=
ight:115%">[Application Data}=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0&lt;--------&gt;=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0[Application Data]</span></p><div style=3D"text-align:justify;m=
argin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans=
-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">=C2=A0</span><br cl=
ass=3D"m_-6383625373508140545webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p class=3D"Ms=
oNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;f=
ont-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt=
;line-height:115%">The Client doesn&#39;t store the Keys, Challenge/ Respon=
se or the
Certificate. Each session is a unit in itself. Everything is calculated on =
the
fly. This may create latency but this minimizes the resource requirement. I=
t is
required that when the IoT device is commissioned, atleast one Challenge/
Response pair is generated and stored in Server Database. Whenever the
challenge - response pairs are depleting, on Server&#39;s request, the Clie=
nt can
generate them and send to the Server as encrypted data. After sending, the
Client deletes its copy of Challenge / Response.</span></p><p class=3D"MsoN=
ormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;fon=
t-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14p=
t;line-height:115%">Future Work:</span></b></p><div style=3D"text-align:jus=
tify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-fami=
ly:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">1)<s=
pan style=3D"font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;fon=
t-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&quot;Times N=
ew Roman&quot;">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></span><span style=3D"font-size:1=
4pt;line-height:115%">Complete the development of protocol
described above by including use cases like when does the Handshake fails a=
nd
Challenge/ Response has to be re-negotiated; when Resumption happens etc.</=
span></div><div style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;li=
ne-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">2)<span style=3D"font-variant-numeric:=
normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;lin=
e-height:normal;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
 </span></span><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Adapt other =
IoT protocols like QUIC,
DTLS to work with PUF.</span></div><p class=3D"m_-6383625373508140545gmail-=
MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style=3D"text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 3=
6pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span s=
tyle=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">3)<span style=3D"font-variant-nume=
ric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt=
;line-height:normal;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 </span></span><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Valida=
te the solution with
PUF-enabled Evaluation kits.</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text=
-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-fam=
ily:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;line-height:115%">Ref=
erences =E2=80=93</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm =
10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><=
span style=3D"font-size:14pt">[1] RFC 5280 - Internet X.509 Public Key Infr=
astructure
Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile. </span><a href=
=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferre=
r"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280</span=
></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=
=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Ca=
libri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">[2] 50 Billion IoT devices=
 will be connected by 2020 =E2=80=93
Post =E2=80=93 The Things Network. </span><a href=3D"https://www.thethingsn=
etwork.org/community/thessaloniki/post/50-billion-iot-devices-will-be-conne=
cted-by-2020" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-size=
:14pt">https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/community/thessaloniki/post/50-bill=
ion-iot-devices-will-be-connected-by-2020</span></a><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt=
;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14pt">[3] </span><a href=3D"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph=
ysical_unclonable_function" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14pt">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_unclonable_func=
tion</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNor=
mal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font=
-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">[4] G. E. Suh an=
d S. Devadas, =E2=80=9CPhysical unclonable
functions for device authentication and secret key generation,=E2=80=9D in =
Proceedings
of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference, San Diego, CA, Jun. 2007,
pp.9=E2=80=9314 </span><a href=3D"https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs=
/puf-dac07.pdf" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:14pt">https://people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/puf-dac07.pdf</span></a>=
<span style=3D"font-size:14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"m=
argin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri=
,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">[5] </span><a href=3D"http://pe=
ople.csail.mit.edu/rudolph/Teaching/Lectures/Security/Lecture-Security-PUFs=
-2.pdf" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt"=
>http://people.csail.mit.edu/rudolph/Teaching/Lectures/Security/Lecture-Sec=
urity-PUFs-2.pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt"></span></p><p cla=
ss=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-si=
ze:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">[5] =
Blaise Gassend, Dwaine Clarke, Marten van Dijk and
Srinivas Devadas. Silicon Physical Random Functions. Proceedings of the
Computer and Communications Security Conference, November 2002 </span><a hr=
ef=3D"http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-456/memo-456.pdf" target=3D"=
_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">http://csg.csail.=
.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-456/memo-456.pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt=
;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14pt">[6] C. Herder, L. Ren, M. van Dijk, M-D. Yu, and S.
Devadas, &quot;Trapdoor Computational Fuzzy Extractors and
Cryptographically-Secure Physical Unclonable Functions&quot;, IEEE Transact=
ions
on Dependable and Secure Computing, January 2017 </span><a href=3D"https://=
people.csail.mit.edu/devadas/pubs/trapdoor.pdf" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"no=
referrer"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">https://people.csail.mit.edu/devad=
as/pubs/trapdoor.pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt"></span></p><p=
 class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;fon=
t-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">=
[7] Helfmeier, Clemens; Nedospasov, Dmitry; Boit,
Christian; Seifert, Jean-Pierre (2013). </span><a href=3D"http://users.sec.=
t-labs.tu-berlin.de/~nedos/host2013.pdf" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferre=
r"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">Cloning
Physically Unclonable Functions</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt"> (=
PDF). IEEE Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (IEEE HOST 2013). June
2=E2=80=933, 2013 Austin, TX, USA</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D=
"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calib=
ri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"http:=
//ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6581556" target=3D"_blank"=
 rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">http://ieeexplore.ieee.o=
rg/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6581556</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14=
pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;lin=
e-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D=
"font-size:14pt">=C2=A0[8] </span><a href=3D"https://www.google.com/search?=
tbo=3Dp&amp;tbm=3Dpts&amp;hl=3Den&amp;q=3Dininventor:%22Merchan+Jorge+Guaja=
rdo%22" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt"=
>Merchan Jorge
Guajardo</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">, </span><a href=3D"https=
://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&amp;tbm=3Dpts&amp;hl=3Den&amp;q=3Dininvent=
or:%22Shankaran+S.+Kumar%22" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span sty=
le=3D"font-size:14pt">Shankaran S.
Kumar</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">, </span><a href=3D"https://=
www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&amp;tbm=3Dpts&amp;hl=3Den&amp;q=3Dininventor:=
%22Pim+T.+Tuyls%22" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:14pt">Pim T. Tuyls</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">, </span=
><a href=3D"https://www.google.com/search?tbo=3Dp&amp;tbm=3Dpts&amp;hl=3Den=
&amp;q=3Dininventor:%22Geert+J.+Schrijen%22" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noref=
errer"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">Geert J.
Schrijen</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt"> Identification of device=
s using physically
unclonable functions <br>
WO 2009024913 A2</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 1=
0pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><s=
pan style=3D"font-size:14pt">[9] M. Fyrbiak, C. Kison, W. Adi. Construction=
 of
Software-Based Digital Physical Clone Resistant Functions. 2013 Fourth
International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies </span><a href=
=3D"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6680199" target=
=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">http://ieeexp=
lore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=3D6680199</span></a><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10=
pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><sp=
an style=3D"font-size:14pt">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 [10]<a href=3D"h=
ttps://www.esat.kuleuven.be/cosic/thesis/2011/mai/CloningTheUnclonable_en.p=
df" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span>https://www.esat.kuleuven.be=
/cosic/thesis/2011/mai/CloningTheUnclonable_en.pdf</span></a></span></p><p =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font=
-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">[=
11] Srinivas Devadas, Edward Suh, Sid Paral, Richard
Sowell, Tom Ziola, Vivek Khandelwal . Design and Implementation of PUF-Base=
d
=E2=80=9CUnclonable=E2=80=9D RFID ICs for Anti-Counterfeiting and Security =
Applications.=C2=A0 </span><a href=3D"http://verayo.com/pdf/2008_Verayo_IEE=
E_RFID_Paper.pdf" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-=
size:14pt">http://verayo.com/pdf/2008_Verayo_IEEE_RFID_Paper.pdf</span></a>=
<span style=3D"font-size:14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"m=
argin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri=
,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">[12] Rishab Nithyanand, John So=
lis. A Theoretical Analysis:
Physical Unclonable Functions and The Software Protection Problem. SANDIA
REPORT SAND2011-6673. Printed in 2011. </span><a href=3D"http://prod.sandia=
..gov/techlib/access-control.cgi/2011/116673.pdf" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"=
noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">http://prod.sandia.gov/techlib/a=
ccess-control.cgi/2011/116673.pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">=
</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-he=
ight:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:14pt">[13] Shahriar B. Shokouhi. Cooperative Artificial Immune
System And Recurrent Neural Network Error Correction Scheme For Generating
Robust Hardware Key. International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And D=
ata
Communication. ISSN: 2320-2084. Volume-4, Issue-5,May 2016 </span><a href=
=3D"http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/1-254-146502604154-=
59.pdf" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt"=
>http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/1-254-146502604154-59.=
.pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNor=
mal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font=
-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">[15] D. Lim. Ext=
racting secret keys from integrated
circuits. Master=E2=80=99s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, M=
ay 2004. </span><a href=3D"http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-476/Dai=
hyunLimThesis.pdf" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font=
-size:14pt">http://csg.csail.mit.edu/pubs/memos/Memo-476/DaihyunLimThesis.p=
df</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNorma=
l" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-f=
amily:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">[16] Ulrich Ruhrma=
ir. On the Formal Foundations of PUFs
and Related Primitives. October 19, 2016. =C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://d=
epositonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/5994/4/ruehrmair_ulrich.pdf" target=
=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">https://depos=
itonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/5994/4/ruehrmair_ulrich.pdf</span></a><=
span style=3D"font-size:14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"ma=
rgin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,=
sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">[17] </span><a href=3D"https://p=
atents.google.com/patent/US20090083833A1/en?q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dphysically+uncl=
onable+function&amp;oq=3DPUF+physically+unclonable+function" target=3D"_bla=
nk" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">https://patents.googl=
e.com/patent/US20090083833A1/en?q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+funct=
ion&amp;oq=3DPUF+physically+unclonable+function</span></a><span style=3D"fo=
nt-size:14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10p=
t 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:14pt">[18]=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span><a hre=
f=3D"https://patents.google.com/patent/US8290150B2/en?q=3Dauthentication&am=
p;q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3Dauthentication+PU=
F+physically+unclonable+function" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:14pt">https://patents.google.com/patent/US8290150B2/en=
?q=3Dauthentication&amp;q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;=
oq=3Dauthentication+PUF+physically+unclonable+function</span></a><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm =
0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-seri=
f"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">[19] </span><a href=3D"https://patents.go=
ogle.com/patent/US20140279532A1/en?q=3Dauthentication&amp;q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dp=
hysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3Dauthentication+PUF+physically+unclon=
able+function" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:14pt">https://patents.google.com/patent/US20140279532A1/en?q=3Dauthentica=
tion&amp;q=3DPUF&amp;q=3Dphysically+unclonable+function&amp;oq=3Dauthentica=
tion+PUF+physically+unclonable+function</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:=
14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;l=
ine-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style=
=3D"font-size:14pt">[20] RFC 8446 =E2=80=93 The Transport Layer Security (T=
LS)
Protocol Version 1.3 </span><a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc=
8446/" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">=
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8446/</span></a><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:14pt"></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt=
;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14pt">[21] The New Illustrated TLS Connection
<a href=3D"https://tls13.ulfheim.net/" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer"=
>https://tls13.ulfheim.net/</a></span></p>

<h1 style=3D"margin-right:0cm;margin-left:0cm;font-size:24pt;font-family:&q=
uot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt;font-family:=
Calibri,sans-serif;font-weight:normal">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
[22] Internet-draft: State-of-the-Art and Challenges for the Internet
of=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Things Security
draft-irtf-t2trg-iot-seccons-16</span></h1><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"=
margin:0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibr=
i,sans-serif"><span style=3D"font-size:14pt">[23]
Internet-draft: TLS 1.3 Extension for Certificate-based Authentication
with=C2=A0 an External Pre-Shared Key. draft-housley-tls-tls13-cert-with-ex=
tern-psk-03</span></p></div>
_______________________________________________<br>T2TRG mailing list<br><a=
 href=3D"mailto:T2TRG@irtf.org" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">T2TRG@=
irtf.org</a><br><a href=3D"https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/t2trg" tar=
get=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/t2t=
rg</a><br></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div></div></blockquote></div=
></div></div>

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From: Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Feb 2019 17:03:23 +0530
Message-ID: <CAPZZOTjrKB0WixXywV20fL+oEfQfbLDj=NuuGNFKFzEO+15XBg@mail.gmail.com>
To: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>, rsalz@akamai.com
Cc: T2TRG@irtf.org, tls@ietf.org, Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/nCZzmeELjesejNLAIhdqti3s_VE>
Subject: Re: [TLS] [T2TRG]  ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
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Hi,

My apologies if I appeared a little aggressive in pursuing my incorrect
idea. I have to learn a lot.

Looking forward to your guidance in future also,
Thanks and Regards,
Sankalp Bagaria.

On Mon 18 Feb, 2019, 1:51 PM Eliot Lear, <lear@cisco.com> wrote:

> Just to add- this is what the plethora of BRSKI drafts are attempting to
> address in 6tisch, ANIMA, and EMU.  If there is to be a new mechanism, I
> encourage that it be listed on the GitHub page at
> https://github.com/iot-onboarding/catalog.  Both the README.md file and
> the Onboard-Table file should be updated.  PRs welcome.
>
> On 18 Feb 2019, at 04:29, Salz, Rich <rsalz@akamai.com> wrote:
>
> If a client will sign any challenge presented by any server, it open up a
> big hole.  An attacker can present a challenge that a (future) valid server
> will present, and the attacker, having the answer, can then act as the
> device to the server. For example, the attacker can intercept the
> server/client communication, present the challenge on its own, and then act
> as the client.
>
> _______________________________________________
> T2TRG mailing list
> T2TRG@irtf.org
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/t2trg
>
>
>

--000000000000bc8d260582297ecb
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<div dir=3D"auto"><span style=3D"font-family:sans-serif">Hi,</span><div dir=
=3D"auto" style=3D"font-family:sans-serif"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto" styl=
e=3D"font-family:sans-serif">My apologies if I appeared a little aggressive=
 in pursuing my incorrect idea. I have to learn a lot.</div><div dir=3D"aut=
o" style=3D"font-family:sans-serif"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"fo=
nt-family:sans-serif">Looking forward to your guidance in future also,</div=
><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"font-family:sans-serif">Thanks and Regards,</di=
v><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"font-family:sans-serif">Sankalp Bagaria.</div>=
</div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr">On Mon 18 Feb, 2019, =
1:51 PM Eliot Lear, &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:lear@cisco.com">lear@cisco.com</a=
>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0=
 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style=3D"word-wra=
p:break-word;line-break:after-white-space">Just to add- this is what the pl=
ethora of BRSKI drafts are attempting to address in 6tisch, ANIMA, and EMU.=
=C2=A0 If there is to be a new mechanism, I encourage that it be listed on =
the GitHub page at=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://github.com/iot-onboarding/catalo=
g" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">https://github.com/iot-onboarding/c=
atalog</a>.=C2=A0 Both the README.md file and the Onboard-Table file should=
 be updated.=C2=A0 PRs welcome.<br><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><div>=
On 18 Feb 2019, at 04:29, Salz, Rich &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:rsalz@akamai.com=
" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">rsalz@akamai.com</a>&gt; wrote:</div=
><br class=3D"m_-2839458618856709743Apple-interchange-newline"><div><div cl=
ass=3D"m_-2839458618856709743WordSection1" style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;f=
ont-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal=
;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none=
;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div style=3D"ma=
rgin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">If a c=
lient will sign any challenge presented by any server, it open up a big hol=
e.=C2=A0 An attacker can present a challenge that a (future) valid server w=
ill present, and the attacker, having the answer, can then act as the devic=
e to the server. For example, the attacker can intercept the server/client =
communication, present the challenge on its own, and then act as the client=
.<u></u><u></u></div><div style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;f=
ont-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></div></div><span style=
=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant-cap=
s:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-ind=
ent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decora=
tion:none;float:none;display:inline!important">____________________________=
___________________</span><br style=3D"font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px=
;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spaci=
ng:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:=
normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style=3D"font-family:He=
lvetica;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weig=
ht:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-trans=
form:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:no=
ne;display:inline!important">T2TRG mailing list</span><br style=3D"font-fam=
ily:Helvetica;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;fon=
t-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text=
-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><=
a href=3D"mailto:T2TRG@irtf.org" style=3D"color:purple;text-decoration:unde=
rline;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant-c=
aps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-i=
ndent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" target=
=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">T2TRG@irtf.org</a><br style=3D"font-family:H=
elvetica;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-wei=
ght:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-tran=
sform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><a hre=
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listinfo/t2trg</a></div></blockquote></div><br></div></blockquote></div>

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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
To: Sankalp Bagaria <sankalp.nitt@gmail.com>
CC: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>, "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>,  "T2TRG@irtf.org" <T2TRG@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] ITDA - IoT Device Authentication
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From: Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@gmail.com>
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--0000000000000ea858058244bf6e
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

Hello,

Please take a look at an initial submission of the draft.
The draft describes a Fake SNI mechanism intended to cheat DPI systems in
a case
when a DPI system blocks the connection if ESNI is present.

---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: <internet-drafts@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, Feb 19, 2019 at 10:43 PM
Subject: New Version Notification for draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
To: Dmitry Belyavskiy <beldmit@gmail.com>



A new version of I-D, draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
has been successfully submitted by Dmitry Belyavskiy and posted to the
IETF repository.

Name:           draft-belyavskiy-fakesni
Revision:       00
Title:          Fake Server Name Indication
Document date:  2019-02-19
Group:          Individual Submission
Pages:          3
URL:
https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
Status:         https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-belyavskiy-fakesni/
Htmlized:       https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00
Htmlized:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-belyavskiy-fakesni


Abstract:
   The document provides a specification of the Fake Server Name
   Indication.  Being implemented, the Fake SNI specification provides a
   way to work around the monitoring solutions without providing any
   additional information to external observers.




Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

The IETF Secretariat



-- 
SY, Dmitry Belyavsky

--0000000000000ea858058244bf6e
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr">Hello,<div><br></div><div>Please take a look at an initial=
 submission of the draft.</div><div>The draft describes a Fake SNI mechanis=
m intended to cheat DPI systems in a=C2=A0case=C2=A0</div><div>when a DPI s=
ystem blocks the connection if ESNI is present.<br><br><div class=3D"gmail_=
quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">---------- Forwarded message -=
--------<br>From: <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:internet-drafts@i=
etf.org" target=3D"_blank">internet-drafts@ietf.org</a>&gt;</span><br>Date:=
 Tue, Feb 19, 2019 at 10:43 PM<br>Subject: New Version Notification for dra=
ft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt<br>To: Dmitry Belyavskiy &lt;<a href=3D"mailto=
:beldmit@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">beldmit@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br></div><b=
r><br><br>A new version of I-D, draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt<br>has been=
 successfully submitted by Dmitry Belyavskiy and posted to the<br>IETF repo=
sitory.<br>
<br>Name:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0draft-belyavskiy-fakesni<=
br>Revision:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A000<br>Title:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 Fake Server Name Indication<br>Document date:=C2=A0 2019-02-19<b=
r>Group:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Individual Submission<br>Pages:=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 3<br>URL:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-belyavskiy=
-fakesni-00.txt" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/=
internet-drafts/draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt</a><br>Status:=C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-bely=
avskiy-fakesni/" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.i=
etf.org/doc/draft-belyavskiy-fakesni/</a><br>Htmlized:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00" r=
el=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-belya=
vskiy-fakesni-00</a><br>Htmlized:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"http=
s://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-belyavskiy-fakesni" rel=3D"noreferr=
er" target=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-belyavski=
y-fakesni</a><br>
<br>
<br>Abstract:<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0The document provides a specification of the =
Fake Server Name<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0Indication.=C2=A0 Being implemented, the F=
ake SNI specification provides a<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0way to work around the mon=
itoring solutions without providing any<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0additional informat=
ion to external observers.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submi=
ssion<br>until the htmlized version and diff are available at <a href=3D"ht=
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>.<br>
<br>The IETF Secretariat<br>
<br>
</div><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"m_5=
472198678442870948gmail_signature" data-smartmail=3D"gmail_signature">SY, D=
mitry Belyavsky</div></div></div>

--0000000000000ea858058244bf6e--


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security WG of the IETF.

        Title           : Delegated Credentials for TLS
        Authors         : Richard Barnes
                          Subodh Iyengar
                          Nick Sullivan
                          Eric Rescorla
	Filename        : draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03.txt
	Pages           : 12
	Date            : 2019-02-19

Abstract:
   The organizational separation between the operator of a TLS server
   and the certification authority can create limitations.  For example,
   the lifetime of certificates, how they may be used, and the
   algorithms they support are ultimately determined by the
   certification authority.  This document describes a mechanism by
   which operators may delegate their own credentials for use in TLS,
   without breaking compatibility with clients that do not support this
   specification.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-subcerts/

There are also htmlized versions available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03

A diff from the previous version is available at:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


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--000000000000d38fbe058247c373
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

TLSWG,

We've posted draft -03 of the Delegated Credentials draft. It includes some
editorial improvements (thanks Christopher Patton) and two changes
discussed on the list:
1) fixing the text around covering the credential in the signature
2) removing the TLS version from the structure

We hope to discuss this draft in Prague.

Nick

---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: <internet-drafts@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, Feb 19, 2019 at 3:33 PM
Subject: New Version Notification for draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03.txt
To: Subodh Iyengar <subodh@fb.com>, Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>, Eric
Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>, Nick Sullivan <nick@cloudflare.com>



A new version of I-D, draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03.txt
has been successfully submitted by Nick Sullivan and posted to the
IETF repository.

Name:           draft-ietf-tls-subcerts
Revision:       03
Title:          Delegated Credentials for TLS
Document date:  2019-02-19
Group:          tls
Pages:          12
URL:
https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03.txt
Status:         https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-subcerts/
Htmlized:       https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03
Htmlized:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-tls-subcerts
Diff:           https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03

Abstract:
   The organizational separation between the operator of a TLS server
   and the certification authority can create limitations.  For example,
   the lifetime of certificates, how they may be used, and the
   algorithms they support are ultimately determined by the
   certification authority.  This document describes a mechanism by
   which operators may delegate their own credentials for use in TLS,
   without breaking compatibility with clients that do not support this
   specification.




Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

The IETF Secretariat

--000000000000d38fbe058247c373
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr">TLSWG,<div><br></div><div>We&#39;ve posted draft -03 of th=
e Delegated Credentials draft. It includes some editorial improvements (tha=
nks Christopher Patton) and two changes discussed on the list:</div><div>1)=
 fixing the text around covering the credential in the signature</div><div>=
2) removing the TLS version from the structure</div><div><br></div><div>We =
hope to discuss this draft in Prague.</div><div><br></div><div>Nick</div><d=
iv><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">---=
------- Forwarded message ---------<br>From: &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:internet=
-drafts@ietf.org">internet-drafts@ietf.org</a>&gt;<br>Date: Tue, Feb 19, 20=
19 at 3:33 PM<br>Subject: New Version Notification for draft-ietf-tls-subce=
rts-03.txt<br>To: Subodh Iyengar &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:subodh@fb.com">subod=
h@fb.com</a>&gt;, Richard Barnes &lt;rlb@ipv.sx&gt;, Eric Rescorla &lt;<a h=
ref=3D"mailto:ekr@rtfm.com">ekr@rtfm.com</a>&gt;, Nick Sullivan &lt;<a href=
=3D"mailto:nick@cloudflare.com">nick@cloudflare.com</a>&gt;<br></div><br><b=
r><br>A new version of I-D, draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03.txt<br>has been succ=
essfully submitted by Nick Sullivan and posted to the<br>IETF repository.<b=
r>
<br>Name:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0draft-ietf-tls-subcerts<b=
r>Revision:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A003<br>Title:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 Delegated Credentials for TLS<br>Document date:=C2=A0 2019-02-19=
<br>Group:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 tls<br>Pages:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 12<br>URL:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 <a hr=
ef=3D"https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03.txt" =
rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/d=
raft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03.txt</a><br>Status:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0<a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-subcerts/" re=
l=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-i=
etf-tls-subcerts/</a><br>Htmlized:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"htt=
ps://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03" rel=3D"noreferrer" tar=
get=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03</a><b=
r>Htmlized:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.o=
rg/doc/html/draft-ietf-tls-subcerts" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">h=
ttps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-tls-subcerts</a><br>Diff:=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/rf=
cdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blan=
k">https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-tls-subcerts-03</a><br>
<br>Abstract:<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0The organizational separation between the ope=
rator of a TLS server<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0and the certification authority can c=
reate limitations.=C2=A0 For example,<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0the lifetime of certi=
ficates, how they may be used, and the<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0algorithms they supp=
ort are ultimately determined by the<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0certification authorit=
y.=C2=A0 This document describes a mechanism by<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0which opera=
tors may delegate their own credentials for use in TLS,<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0wit=
hout breaking compatibility with clients that do not support this<br>=C2=A0=
 =C2=A0specification.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submi=
ssion<br>until the htmlized version and diff are available at <a href=3D"ht=
tp://tools.ietf.org" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">tools.ietf.org</a=
>.<br>
<br>The IETF Secretariat<br>
<br>
</div></div></div>

--000000000000d38fbe058247c373--


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From: Andrey Jivsov <crypto@brainhub.org>
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Date: Tue, 19 Feb 2019 16:10:24 -0800
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Subject: [TLS] Negotiated Finite Field Diffie-Hellman shared secret calculation
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Greetings.

it's unclear to me how is the shared secret g^xy calculated for groups
in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919 .

If you recall, the TLS 1.1 uses this method the
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4346#section-8.1.2 , causing some
interoperability problems that are hard to fix.

The RFC 7919 doesn't specify what to do here.

So, the question is, assuming that ffdhe2048 is negotiated,

- is g^xy padded to 256 bytes (more sound method) or
- the leading zero bytes of g^xy must be stripped (legacy method, used
for historic reasons)?

Thank you.


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From: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
To: Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@gmail.com>, TLS Mailing List <tls@ietf.org>, "secdispatch@ietf.org" <secdispatch@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
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Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@gmail.com> writes:=0A=
=0A=
>The draft describes a Fake SNI mechanism intended to cheat DPI systems in =
a=0A=
>case when a DPI system blocks the connection if ESNI is present.=0A=
=0A=
Since this mechanism advertises the fact that a fake SNI is present, wouldn=
't=0A=
the DPI then also block the connection for that?=0A=
=0A=
Peter.=0A=
=0A=


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From: Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2019 10:01:34 +0300
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
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--000000000000481f4205824dee5e
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Dear Peter,

On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 6:43 AM Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
wrote:

> Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@gmail.com> writes:
>
> >The draft describes a Fake SNI mechanism intended to cheat DPI systems in
> a
> >case when a DPI system blocks the connection if ESNI is present.
>
> Since this mechanism advertises the fact that a fake SNI is present,
> wouldn't
> the DPI then also block the connection for that?
>

The suggested mechanism does not advertise the presence of a Fake SNI.
Fake SNI is delivered out-of-band for the handshake and an observer has to
discover
that ClientHello message contains a SNI extension that does not match to
any host
present at the IP address where we try to connect.

Passive collection and blocking the Fake SNI values also has little sense
because the value can be changed relatively easily.

-- 
SY, Dmitry Belyavsky

--000000000000481f4205824dee5e
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr">Dear Peter,</div><br><div class=3D"gmail_=
quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 6:43 A=
M Peter Gutmann &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz">pgut001@cs=
.auckland.ac.nz</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" s=
tyle=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);pad=
ding-left:1ex">Dmitry Belyavsky &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:beldmit@gmail.com" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">beldmit@gmail.com</a>&gt; writes:<br>
<br>&gt;The draft describes a Fake SNI mechanism intended to cheat DPI syst=
ems in a<br>&gt;case when a DPI system blocks the connection if ESNI is pre=
sent.<br>
<br>Since this mechanism advertises the fact that a fake SNI is present, wo=
uldn&#39;t<br>the DPI then also block the connection for that?<br></blockqu=
ote><div><br></div><div>The suggested mechanism does not advertise the pres=
ence=C2=A0of a Fake SNI.=C2=A0</div><div>Fake SNI is delivered out-of-band =
for the handshake and an observer has to discover</div><div>that ClientHell=
o message contains a SNI extension that does not match to any host</div><di=
v>present at the IP address where we try to connect.</div><div><br></div><d=
iv>Passive collection and blocking the Fake SNI values also has little sens=
e</div><div>because the value can be changed relatively easily.</div><div><=
br></div></div>-- <br><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_signature">SY, Dmitry=
 Belyavsky</div></div>

--000000000000481f4205824dee5e--


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From: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
To: Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@gmail.com>
CC: TLS Mailing List <tls@ietf.org>, "secdispatch@ietf.org" <secdispatch@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
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From: Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2019 10:35:34 +0300
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To: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
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--000000000000e0e10105824e67eb
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On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 10:21 AM Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
wrote:

> Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@gmail.com> writes:
>
> >Fake SNI is delivered out-of-band for the handshake
>
> But then won't the DPI check the out-of-band source as well?  If you've
> got a
> MITM sitting there then they can do the same lookups and whatnot that the
> client does, unless you're relying on the client being off-path, which
> seems a
> bit of a leap.  You'd need to implement it via some sort of subliminal
> signalling mechanism that the DPI can't detect.
>
>
In fact if DPI begins to poll domains whether FakeSNI record is present,
we have a race between changing the value in FakeSNI and DPI polling.
And DoH/DoT ensures that DPI has to poll.


-- 
SY, Dmitry Belyavsky

--000000000000e0e10105824e67eb
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
<div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 10:21 AM Pete=
r Gutmann &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz">pgut001@cs.auckl=
and.ac.nz</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=
=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding=
-left:1ex">Dmitry Belyavsky &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:beldmit@gmail.com" target=
=3D"_blank">beldmit@gmail.com</a>&gt; writes:<br>
<br>&gt;Fake SNI is delivered out-of-band for the handshake<br>
<br>But then won&#39;t the DPI check the out-of-band source as well?=C2=A0 =
If you&#39;ve got a<br>MITM sitting there then they can do the same lookups=
 and whatnot that the<br>client does, unless you&#39;re relying on the clie=
nt being off-path, which seems a<br>bit of a leap.=C2=A0 You&#39;d need to =
implement it via some sort of subliminal<br>signalling mechanism that the D=
PI can&#39;t detect.<br>
<br></blockquote><div>=C2=A0</div><div>In fact if DPI begins to poll domain=
s whether FakeSNI record is present,</div><div>we have a race between chang=
ing the value in FakeSNI and DPI polling.=C2=A0</div><div>And DoH/DoT ensur=
es that DPI has to poll.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div>-- <br><d=
iv dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_signature">SY, Dmitry Belyavsky</div></div>

--000000000000e0e10105824e67eb--


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From: Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2019 14:06:20 +0300
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To: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
Cc: TLS Mailing List <tls@ietf.org>, "secdispatch@ietf.org" <secdispatch@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
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--00000000000020938a05825159be
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 10:35 AM Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@gmail.com> wrote:

>
>
> On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 10:21 AM Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
> wrote:
>
>> Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@gmail.com> writes:
>>
>> >Fake SNI is delivered out-of-band for the handshake
>>
>> But then won't the DPI check the out-of-band source as well?  If you've
>> got a
>> MITM sitting there then they can do the same lookups and whatnot that the
>> client does, unless you're relying on the client being off-path, which
>> seems a
>> bit of a leap.  You'd need to implement it via some sort of subliminal
>> signalling mechanism that the DPI can't detect.
>>
>>
> In fact if DPI begins to poll domains whether FakeSNI record is present,
> we have a race between changing the value in FakeSNI and DPI polling.
> And DoH/DoT ensures that DPI has to poll.
>
>
Let me clarify. I understand that the solution I propose is not perfect.
But there is no silver bullet, and this is just another way to make a life
of DPI harder.

-- 
SY, Dmitry Belyavsky

--00000000000020938a05825159be
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
<div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 10:35 AM Dmit=
ry Belyavsky &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:beldmit@gmail.com">beldmit@gmail.com</a>=
&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px =
0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div=
 dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div=
 dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 10:21 AM Peter Gu=
tmann &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz" target=3D"_blank">pg=
ut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_=
quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,=
204);padding-left:1ex">Dmitry Belyavsky &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:beldmit@gmail=
.com" target=3D"_blank">beldmit@gmail.com</a>&gt; writes:<br>
<br>&gt;Fake SNI is delivered out-of-band for the handshake<br>
<br>But then won&#39;t the DPI check the out-of-band source as well?=C2=A0 =
If you&#39;ve got a<br>MITM sitting there then they can do the same lookups=
 and whatnot that the<br>client does, unless you&#39;re relying on the clie=
nt being off-path, which seems a<br>bit of a leap.=C2=A0 You&#39;d need to =
implement it via some sort of subliminal<br>signalling mechanism that the D=
PI can&#39;t detect.<br>
<br></blockquote><div>=C2=A0</div><div>In fact if DPI begins to poll domain=
s whether FakeSNI record is present,</div><div>we have a race between chang=
ing the value in FakeSNI and DPI polling.=C2=A0</div><div>And DoH/DoT ensur=
es that DPI has to poll.</div><div><br></div></div></div></blockquote><div>=
<br></div><div>Let me clarify. I understand that the solution I propose is =
not perfect.=C2=A0</div><div>But there is no silver bullet, and this is jus=
t another way to make a life of DPI harder.</div><div><br></div></div>-- <b=
r><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_signature">SY, Dmitry Belyavsky</div></di=
v>

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From: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2019 12:29:09 -0600
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To: Andrey Jivsov <crypto@brainhub.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Negotiated Finite Field Diffie-Hellman shared secret calculation
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(We haven't actually implemented RFC 7919 and have no plans to, so I'm just
going by the document.)

RFC 7919 doesn't say anything, so I think the only reasonable
interpretation is to continue with the legacy option for TLS 1.2 and below.
It's also the only interoperable option given how the document is set up.
RFC 7919 repurposed the existing DHE scheme with no directly visible server
differences, so the client cannot tell if it is talking to a post-7919
server, or a pre-7919 server that happened to use a well-known parameter.
That means 7919 cannot change how DHE works. (This isn't the only
consequence of that decision. See
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/bAOJD281iGc2HuEVq0uUlpYL2Mo. DHE
in TLS 1.2 is a mess and RFC 7919 failed to repair it.)

Note all this only applies to TLS 1.2. TLS 1.3 is free to use the more
sound method and does:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8446#section-7.4.1

On Tue, Feb 19, 2019 at 6:10 PM Andrey Jivsov <crypto@brainhub.org> wrote:

> Greetings.
>
> it's unclear to me how is the shared secret g^xy calculated for groups
> in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919 .
>
> If you recall, the TLS 1.1 uses this method the
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4346#section-8.1.2 , causing some
> interoperability problems that are hard to fix.
>
> The RFC 7919 doesn't specify what to do here.
>
> So, the question is, assuming that ffdhe2048 is negotiated,
>
> - is g^xy padded to 256 bytes (more sound method) or
> - the leading zero bytes of g^xy must be stripped (legacy method, used
> for historic reasons)?
>
> Thank you.
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>

--00000000000057115105825789df
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr">(We haven&#39;t actually=
 implemented RFC 7919 and have no plans to, so I&#39;m just going by the do=
cument.)</div><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><div dir=3D"ltr">RFC 7919 doesn&#3=
9;t say anything, so I think the only reasonable interpretation is to conti=
nue with the legacy option for TLS 1.2 and below. It&#39;s also the only in=
teroperable option given how the document is set up. RFC 7919 repurposed th=
e existing DHE scheme with no directly visible server differences, so the c=
lient cannot tell if it is talking to a post-7919 server, or a pre-7919 ser=
ver that happened to use a well-known parameter. That means 7919 cannot cha=
nge how DHE works. (This isn&#39;t the only consequence of that decision. S=
ee=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/bAOJD281iGc2Hu=
EVq0uUlpYL2Mo" target=3D"_blank">https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/=
bAOJD281iGc2HuEVq0uUlpYL2Mo</a>. DHE in TLS 1.2 is a mess and RFC 7919 fail=
ed to repair it.)<br><br>Note all this only applies to TLS 1.2. TLS 1.3 is =
free to use the more sound method and does:<br><a href=3D"https://tools.iet=
f.org/html/rfc8446#section-7.4.1" target=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/=
html/rfc8446#section-7.4.1</a><br></div></div></div><br><div class=3D"gmail=
_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Tue, Feb 19, 2019 at 6:10 =
PM Andrey Jivsov &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:crypto@brainhub.org" target=3D"_blan=
k">crypto@brainhub.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_q=
uote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,2=
04);padding-left:1ex">Greetings.<br>
<br>
it&#39;s unclear to me how is the shared secret g^xy calculated for groups<=
br>
in <a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919" rel=3D"noreferrer" targe=
t=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919</a> .<br>
<br>
If you recall, the TLS 1.1 uses this method the<br>
<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4346#section-8.1.2" rel=3D"norefe=
rrer" target=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4346#section-8.1.2</=
a> , causing some<br>
interoperability problems that are hard to fix.<br>
<br>
The RFC 7919 doesn&#39;t specify what to do here.<br>
<br>
So, the question is, assuming that ffdhe2048 is negotiated,<br>
<br>
- is g^xy padded to 256 bytes (more sound method) or<br>
- the leading zero bytes of g^xy must be stripped (legacy method, used<br>
for historic reasons)?<br>
<br>
Thank you.<br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
TLS mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" rel=3D"noreferrer" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br>
</blockquote></div>

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To: "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
From: Andrey Jivsov <crypto@brainhub.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Negotiated Finite Field Diffie-Hellman shared secret calculation
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Why isn't the

"The server indicates
the choice of group to the client by sending the group's parameters
as usual in the ServerKeyExchange"
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919#section-4

an evidence that the server supports RFC 7919?

On 2/20/19 10:29 AM, David Benjamin wrote:
> (We haven't actually implemented RFC 7919 and have no plans to, so I'm
> just going by the document.)
> 
> RFC 7919 doesn't say anything, so I think the only reasonable
> interpretation is to continue with the legacy option for TLS 1.2 and
> below. It's also the only interoperable option given how the document is
> set up. RFC 7919 repurposed the existing DHE scheme with no directly
> visible server differences, so the client cannot tell if it is talking
> to a post-7919 server, or a pre-7919 server that happened to use a
> well-known parameter. That means 7919 cannot change how DHE works. (This
> isn't the only consequence of that decision.
> See https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/bAOJD281iGc2HuEVq0uUlpYL2Mo.
> DHE in TLS 1.2 is a mess and RFC 7919 failed to repair it.)
> 
> Note all this only applies to TLS 1.2. TLS 1.3 is free to use the more
> sound method and does:
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8446#section-7.4.1
> 
> On Tue, Feb 19, 2019 at 6:10 PM Andrey Jivsov <crypto@brainhub.org
> <mailto:crypto@brainhub.org>> wrote:
> 
>     Greetings.
> 
>     it's unclear to me how is the shared secret g^xy calculated for groups
>     in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919 .
> 
>     If you recall, the TLS 1.1 uses this method the
>     https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4346#section-8.1.2 , causing some
>     interoperability problems that are hard to fix.
> 
>     The RFC 7919 doesn't specify what to do here.
> 
>     So, the question is, assuming that ffdhe2048 is negotiated,
> 
>     - is g^xy padded to 256 bytes (more sound method) or
>     - the leading zero bytes of g^xy must be stripped (legacy method, used
>     for historic reasons)?
> 
>     Thank you.
> 
>     _______________________________________________
>     TLS mailing list
>     TLS@ietf.org <mailto:TLS@ietf.org>
>     https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
> 


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From: David Benjamin <davidben@chromium.org>
Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2019 13:08:09 -0600
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Negotiated Finite Field Diffie-Hellman shared secret calculation
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It is some evidence, but the server may have been configured with that
group anyway. Regardless, the specification doesn't say anything, so I
think the only reasonable interpretation is the existing TLS 1.2 mechanism,
sadly.

On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 12:48 PM Andrey Jivsov <crypto@brainhub.org> wrote:

> Why isn't the
>
> "The server indicates
> the choice of group to the client by sending the group's parameters
> as usual in the ServerKeyExchange"
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919#section-4
>
> an evidence that the server supports RFC 7919?
>
> On 2/20/19 10:29 AM, David Benjamin wrote:
> > (We haven't actually implemented RFC 7919 and have no plans to, so I'm
> > just going by the document.)
> >
> > RFC 7919 doesn't say anything, so I think the only reasonable
> > interpretation is to continue with the legacy option for TLS 1.2 and
> > below. It's also the only interoperable option given how the document is
> > set up. RFC 7919 repurposed the existing DHE scheme with no directly
> > visible server differences, so the client cannot tell if it is talking
> > to a post-7919 server, or a pre-7919 server that happened to use a
> > well-known parameter. That means 7919 cannot change how DHE works. (This
> > isn't the only consequence of that decision.
> > See
> https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/bAOJD281iGc2HuEVq0uUlpYL2Mo.
> > DHE in TLS 1.2 is a mess and RFC 7919 failed to repair it.)
> >
> > Note all this only applies to TLS 1.2. TLS 1.3 is free to use the more
> > sound method and does:
> > https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8446#section-7.4.1
> >
> > On Tue, Feb 19, 2019 at 6:10 PM Andrey Jivsov <crypto@brainhub.org
> > <mailto:crypto@brainhub.org>> wrote:
> >
> >     Greetings.
> >
> >     it's unclear to me how is the shared secret g^xy calculated for
> groups
> >     in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919 .
> >
> >     If you recall, the TLS 1.1 uses this method the
> >     https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4346#section-8.1.2 , causing some
> >     interoperability problems that are hard to fix.
> >
> >     The RFC 7919 doesn't specify what to do here.
> >
> >     So, the question is, assuming that ffdhe2048 is negotiated,
> >
> >     - is g^xy padded to 256 bytes (more sound method) or
> >     - the leading zero bytes of g^xy must be stripped (legacy method,
> used
> >     for historic reasons)?
> >
> >     Thank you.
> >
> >     _______________________________________________
> >     TLS mailing list
> >     TLS@ietf.org <mailto:TLS@ietf.org>
> >     https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
> >
>
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr">It is some evidence, but the server may have been configur=
ed with that group anyway. Regardless, the specification doesn&#39;t say an=
ything, so I think the only reasonable interpretation is the existing TLS 1=
.2 mechanism, sadly.<br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"lt=
r" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 12:48 PM Andrey Jivsov &lt;=
<a href=3D"mailto:crypto@brainhub.org">crypto@brainhub.org</a>&gt; wrote:<b=
r></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex=
;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Why isn&#39;t the=
<br>
<br>
&quot;The server indicates<br>
the choice of group to the client by sending the group&#39;s parameters<br>
as usual in the ServerKeyExchange&quot;<br>
<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919#section-4" rel=3D"noreferrer=
" target=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919#section-4</a><br>
<br>
an evidence that the server supports RFC 7919?<br>
<br>
On 2/20/19 10:29 AM, David Benjamin wrote:<br>
&gt; (We haven&#39;t actually implemented RFC 7919 and have no plans to, so=
 I&#39;m<br>
&gt; just going by the document.)<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; RFC 7919 doesn&#39;t say anything, so I think the only reasonable<br>
&gt; interpretation is to continue with the legacy option for TLS 1.2 and<b=
r>
&gt; below. It&#39;s also the only interoperable option given how the docum=
ent is<br>
&gt; set up. RFC 7919 repurposed the existing DHE scheme with no directly<b=
r>
&gt; visible server differences, so the client cannot tell if it is talking=
<br>
&gt; to a post-7919 server, or a pre-7919 server that happened to use a<br>
&gt; well-known parameter. That means 7919 cannot change how DHE works. (Th=
is<br>
&gt; isn&#39;t the only consequence of that decision.<br>
&gt; See=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/bAOJD281=
iGc2HuEVq0uUlpYL2Mo" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://mailarchi=
ve.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/bAOJD281iGc2HuEVq0uUlpYL2Mo</a>.<br>
&gt; DHE in TLS 1.2 is a mess and RFC 7919 failed to repair it.)<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Note all this only applies to TLS 1.2. TLS 1.3 is free to use the more=
<br>
&gt; sound method and does:<br>
&gt; <a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8446#section-7.4.1" rel=3D"n=
oreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8446#section-7.=
4.1</a><br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; On Tue, Feb 19, 2019 at 6:10 PM Andrey Jivsov &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:cr=
ypto@brainhub.org" target=3D"_blank">crypto@brainhub.org</a><br>
&gt; &lt;mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:crypto@brainhub.org" target=3D"_blank">cr=
ypto@brainhub.org</a>&gt;&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0Greetings.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0it&#39;s unclear to me how is the shared secret g^x=
y calculated for groups<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0in <a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919" =
rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919</a=
> .<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0If you recall, the TLS 1.1 uses this method the<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4346#sect=
ion-8.1.2" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html=
/rfc4346#section-8.1.2</a> , causing some<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0interoperability problems that are hard to fix.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0The RFC 7919 doesn&#39;t specify what to do here.<b=
r>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0So, the question is, assuming that ffdhe2048 is neg=
otiated,<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0- is g^xy padded to 256 bytes (more sound method) o=
r<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0- the leading zero bytes of g^xy must be stripped (=
legacy method, used<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0for historic reasons)?<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0Thank you.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0_______________________________________________<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0TLS mailing list<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">T=
LS@ietf.org</a> &lt;mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank=
">TLS@ietf.org</a>&gt;<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tl=
s" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listin=
fo/tls</a><br>
&gt; <br>
<br>
</blockquote></div>

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Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2019 16:24:06 -0500
From: "Martin Thomson" <mt@lowentropy.net>
To: tls@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [TLS]  =?utf-8?q?Negotiated_Finite_Field_Diffie-Hellman_shared_se?= =?utf-8?q?cret_calculation?=
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What David said.

We implement 7919, which includes an option to only accept server shares from the 7919 groups.  With that option a simple comparison is used to determine if the group is one from the spec, rejecting all else, but we otherwise just treat the share as normal.  I'm not aware of anyone seriously using it though, so the usual concerns about it's use in TLS 1.2 remain.

--Martin

On Wed, Feb 20, 2019, at 11:08, David Benjamin wrote:
> It is some evidence, but the server may have been configured with that 
> group anyway. Regardless, the specification doesn't say anything, so I 
> think the only reasonable interpretation is the existing TLS 1..2 
> mechanism, sadly.
> 
> On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 12:48 PM Andrey Jivsov <crypto@brainhub.org> wrote:
> > Why isn't the
> >  
> >  "The server indicates
> >  the choice of group to the client by sending the group's parameters
> >  as usual in the ServerKeyExchange"
> >  https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919#section-4
> >  
> >  an evidence that the server supports RFC 7919?
> >  
> >  On 2/20/19 10:29 AM, David Benjamin wrote:
> >  > (We haven't actually implemented RFC 7919 and have no plans to, so I'm
> >  > just going by the document.)
> >  > 
> >  > RFC 7919 doesn't say anything, so I think the only reasonable
> >  > interpretation is to continue with the legacy option for TLS 1.2 and
> >  > below. It's also the only interoperable option given how the document is
> >  > set up. RFC 7919 repurposed the existing DHE scheme with no directly
> >  > visible server differences, so the client cannot tell if it is talking
> >  > to a post-7919 server, or a pre-7919 server that happened to use a
> >  > well-known parameter. That means 7919 cannot change how DHE works. (This
> >  > isn't the only consequence of that decision.
> >  > See https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/bAOJD281iGc2HuEVq0uUlpYL2Mo.
> >  > DHE in TLS 1.2 is a mess and RFC 7919 failed to repair it.)
> >  > 
> >  > Note all this only applies to TLS 1.2. TLS 1.3 is free to use the more
> >  > sound method and does:
> >  > https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8446#section-7.4.1
> >  > 
> >  > On Tue, Feb 19, 2019 at 6:10 PM Andrey Jivsov <crypto@brainhub.org
> >  > <mailto:crypto@brainhub.org>> wrote:
> >  > 
> >  > Greetings.
> >  > 
> >  > it's unclear to me how is the shared secret g^xy calculated for groups
> >  > in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7919 .
> >  > 
> >  > If you recall, the TLS 1.1 uses this method the
> >  > https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4346#section-8.1.2 , causing some
> >  > interoperability problems that are hard to fix.
> >  > 
> >  > The RFC 7919 doesn't specify what to do here.
> >  > 
> >  > So, the question is, assuming that ffdhe2048 is negotiated,
> >  > 
> >  > - is g^xy padded to 256 bytes (more sound method) or
> >  > - the leading zero bytes of g^xy must be stripped (legacy method, used
> >  > for historic reasons)?
> >  > 
> >  > Thank you.
> >  > 
> >  > _______________________________________________
> >  > TLS mailing list
> >  > TLS@ietf.org <mailto:TLS@ietf.org>
> >  > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
> >  > 
> >  
> >  
>  
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>


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Subject: Re: [TLS] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
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On 2/20/2019 3:06 AM, Dmitry Belyavsky wrote:
>
>
> On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 10:35 AM Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@gmail.com
> <mailto:beldmit@gmail.com>> wrote:
>
>
>
>     On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at 10:21 AM Peter Gutmann
>     <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz <mailto:pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>> wrot=
e:
>
>         Dmitry Belyavsky <beldmit@gmail.com
>         <mailto:beldmit@gmail..com>> writes:
>
>         >Fake SNI is delivered out-of-band for the handshake
>
>         But then won't the DPI check the out-of-band source as well?=C2=
=A0
>         If you've got a
>         MITM sitting there then they can do the same lookups and
>         whatnot that the
>         client does, unless you're relying on the client being
>         off-path, which seems a
>         bit of a leap.=C2=A0 You'd need to implement it via some sort o=
f
>         subliminal
>         signalling mechanism that the DPI can't detect.
>
>     =C2=A0
>     In fact if DPI begins to poll domains whether FakeSNI record is
>     present,
>     we have a race between changing the value in FakeSNI and DPI pollin=
g.=C2=A0
>     And DoH/DoT ensures that DPI has to poll.
>
>
> Let me clarify. I understand that the solution I propose is not perfect=
=2E=C2=A0
> But there is no silver bullet, and this is just another way to make a
> life of DPI harder.


Out of all the requirements listed in the encryption requirements draft,
the requirement to "not stand out" is probably the hardest to comply
with. The current ESNI draft works but usage of ESNI can still be
detected. As Dmitri points out, there are locales where standing out
will enable censorship. So, what to do? Well, if we want to not stand
out yet carry some information, that's pretty much the definition of a
hidden channel.

Would it be possible to engineer a hidden channel in the TLS 1.3 Hello?
I bet that's quite doable. I am sure that fields like "opaque
Random[32]" or "opaque legacy_session_id<0..32>" could be used
creatively, and there are other fields in common extensions that could
also be of service. Of course, "could be done" does not mean that the
IETF will want to standardize it.

-- Christian Huitema



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<html>
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    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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  <body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 2/20/2019 3:06 AM, Dmitry Belyavsky
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CADqLbzL6epMoAs4Pe0XYB8XjrTJ52zLY_TGdpq0yMAs2Ax9_ug@mail.gmail.com">
      <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div dir="ltr"><br>
        </div>
        <br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">
          <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 20, 2019 at
            10:35 AM Dmitry Belyavsky &lt;<a
              href="mailto:beldmit@gmail.com" moz-do-not-send="true">beldmit@gmail.com</a>&gt;
            wrote:<br>
          </div>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
            0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
            rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
            <div dir="ltr">
              <div dir="ltr"><br>
              </div>
              <br>
              <div class="gmail_quote">
                <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 20, 2019
                  at 10:21 AM Peter Gutmann &lt;<a
                    href="mailto:pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz"
                    target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz</a>&gt;
                  wrote:<br>
                </div>
                <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px
                  0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
                  rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Dmitry Belyavsky
                  &lt;<a href="mailto:beldmit@gmail..com"
                    target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">beldmit@gmail.com</a>&gt;
                  writes:<br>
                  <br>
                  &gt;Fake SNI is delivered out-of-band for the
                  handshake<br>
                  <br>
                  But then won't the DPI check the out-of-band source as
                  well?  If you've got a<br>
                  MITM sitting there then they can do the same lookups
                  and whatnot that the<br>
                  client does, unless you're relying on the client being
                  off-path, which seems a<br>
                  bit of a leap.  You'd need to implement it via some
                  sort of subliminal<br>
                  signalling mechanism that the DPI can't detect.<br>
                  <br>
                </blockquote>
                <div> </div>
                <div>In fact if DPI begins to poll domains whether
                  FakeSNI record is present,</div>
                <div>we have a race between changing the value in
                  FakeSNI and DPI polling. </div>
                <div>And DoH/DoT ensures that DPI has to poll.</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div>Let me clarify. I understand that the solution I propose
            is not perfect. </div>
          <div>But there is no silver bullet, and this is just another
            way to make a life of DPI harder.</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <p>Out of all the requirements listed in the encryption requirements
      draft, the requirement to "not stand out" is probably the hardest
      to comply with. The current ESNI draft works but usage of ESNI can
      still be detected. As Dmitri points out, there are locales where
      standing out will enable censorship. So, what to do? Well, if we
      want to not stand out yet carry some information, that's pretty
      much the definition of a hidden channel. <br>
    </p>
    <p>Would it be possible to engineer a hidden channel in the TLS 1.3
      Hello? I bet that's quite doable. I am sure that fields like
      "opaque Random[32]" or "opaque legacy_session_id&lt;0..32&gt;"
      could be used creatively, and there are other fields in common
      extensions that could also be of service. Of course, "could be
      done" does not mean that the IETF will want to standardize it.</p>
    <p>-- Christian Huitema<br>
    </p>
    <p><br>
    </p>
  </body>
</html>

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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
To: Christian Huitema <huitema@huitema.net>, "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
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From: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
To: Christian Huitema <huitema@huitema.net>, "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
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Christian Huitema <huitema@huitema.net> writes:=0A=
=0A=
>Would it be possible to engineer a hidden channel in the TLS 1.3 Hello? I =
bet=0A=
>that's quite doable. I am sure that fields like "opaque Random[32]" or "op=
aque=0A=
>legacy_session_id<0..32>" could be used creatively, and there are other fi=
elds=0A=
>in common extensions that could also be of service.=0A=
=0A=
I'd thought about that too, thus my comment about subliminal signalling, th=
e=0A=
problem is that if you've got a standardised subliminal message than it's n=
ot=0A=
really a subliminal message any more.=0A=
=0A=
Peter.=0A=


From nobody Wed Feb 20 16:17:01 2019
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From: Peter Gutmann <pgut001@cs.auckland.ac.nz>
To: Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net>, "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS]  Negotiated Finite Field Diffie-Hellman shared secret calculation
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Date: Thu, 21 Feb 2019 00:16:54 +0000
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Negotiated Finite Field Diffie-Hellman shared secret calculation
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Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net> writes:=0A=
=0A=
>We implement 7919, which includes an option to only accept server shares f=
rom=0A=
>the 7919 groups.  With that option a simple comparison is used to determin=
e if=0A=
>the group is one from the spec, rejecting all else, but we otherwise just=
=0A=
>treat the share as normal. =0A=
=0A=
My code fast-paths known-good primes, for example the RFC 3526 ones, and on=
ly=0A=
does full checking on unknown ones (that is, it recognises things like the=
=0A=
3526 primes in the hello and uses its built-in values for them).  I don't d=
o=0A=
7919 for the same reason that most other implementations don't, although I'=
ve=0A=
been thinking about adding the 7919 primes to the known-good set.=0A=
=0A=
(A side-note about the 3526 values, they've been independently verified=0A=
outside of their publication in the RFC, has anyone done this for the 7919=
=0A=
ones?  Not saying they're suspicious, but it'd be good to get independent=
=0A=
verification that the data values match what's described in the RFC).=0A=
=0A=
>I'm not aware of anyone seriously using it though, =0A=
=0A=
That's a weird thing about 7919, throughout the draft process lots of peopl=
e=0A=
pointed out, again and again, that it wasn't going to work if published in=
=0A=
that form.  So it got published anyway...=0A=
=0A=
Peter.=0A=


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To: Christian Huitema <huitema@huitema.net>, tls@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-belyavskiy-fakesni-00.txt
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
To: Christian Huitema <huitema@huitema.net>, tls@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Fwd: New Version Notification for
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On 20/02/2019 23:48, Christian Huitema wrote:
>=20
> Out of all the requirements listed in the encryption requirements draft=
,
> the requirement to "not stand out" is probably the hardest to comply
> with.=20

Yep. I think it'd be worthwhile spending a bit of time to see if
we could do better on that based on the esni -02 draft and how
we guess that'll evolve. The ESNI greasing PR would help here as
it'd mean plenty of ESNI extensions in ClientHello's if people
really did grease in sufficient numbers. If that got to the level
where blocking all ESNI wasn't feasible, then maybe that's good
enough.

But there is something attractive about a stealthy-ESNI scheme
so maybe it's worth spending a bit of time trying to see if we
can find one. I'd be up for taking a shot at that in Prague if
any other interested folks'll be there, are familiar enough
with esni-02 and it's PRs and would like to give it a shot over
a beer. (Just informally, it's a bit of a stretch-goal I figure,
so not worth getting excited about for now - anyway ping me offlist
if you'll be there and would be interested and I'll suggest a
time/place for a stealthy beer & chat.)

> The current ESNI draft works but usage of ESNI can still be
> detected. As Dmitri points out, there are locales where standing out
> will enable censorship. So, what to do? Well, if we want to not stand
> out yet carry some information, that's pretty much the definition of a
> hidden channel.
>=20
> Would it be possible to engineer a hidden channel in the TLS 1.3 Hello?=

> I bet that's quite doable. I am sure that fields like "opaque
> Random[32]" or "opaque legacy_session_id<0..32>" could be used
> creatively, and there are other fields in common extensions that could
> also be of service. Of course, "could be done" does not mean that the
> IETF will want to standardize it.

Right. And even if the IETF did want to standardise something,
that doesn't mean people would implement nor deploy. It's a
hard problem. Dave Plonka and I were chatting over beer recently
and came up with the idea below that we raised offlist with a few
folks who're interested in ESNI. It got a "mixed" response is
the best I could claim, where "mixed" varied from some enthusiasm
from one person to a very clear "no, don't like/want that" from
another but with silence in-between (the silence being the real
killer;-)

But maybe if we get a few folks and beers together a better
analysis will emerge...

Cheers,
S.

The idea is an extension to the ESNI scheme that can work in some
cases, is more bandwidth efficient and is stealthier in that one cannot
tell just from passively watching one TLS h/s that ESNI is in use.

Unless all the conditions required below are met, ESNI works according
to the (evolution of the) -02 draft. (I.e. if you can, then do this,
if not, use the approach that's in -02 or whatever that turns into.)

The TLS client needs to have a working IPv6 address.  The TLS server
needs to be contactable on any address that matches its /64 prefix.
The TLS server probably needs to sort of randomly change the AAAA
it publishes in a yet to be determined manner. That might be like
an IPv6 privacy address or might have to be a new flavour of server
privacy address.

ESNI calls for a key share to be published in the DNS below the name of
the TLS server.  Let's call that public key share g^D. (Even if using
ECC, I find it easier to think in terms of multiplicative groups;-)
This is the same as the -02 draft.

Similarly, let's use g^A for the client key share in the ClientHello
and g^B for the server's equivalent share.

Assume that all public shares are from the same group, so g^AD makes
just as much sense as g^AB. (We'd need to mandate that the client
MUST first pick the group for g^A ignoring what's possible based on
ESNIKeys as we don't want the ESNI tail wagging the TLS1.3 dog.)

We add another (optional) field to the ESNIKeys RR value that contains
an IPv6 /64 prefix for the TLS server. And perhaps a flag that says
that clobbering the low-order 64 bits of the IPv6 address is ok, i.e.
a flag that says a client can use this trick instead of the (evolution
of) the -02 scheme.

The idea is to use g^AD and the TLS ClientHello random number to
encrypt (a truncated hash of) the name that would otherwise be sent as
an SNI value.

That encryption has to produce a 64-bit output.

The output of the encryption is used as the IID of the IPv6 address
used to contact the server.

So something like:

    Z =3D g^AD
    K =3D KDF(Z,client-random)
    IID =3D E64(K,H64(servername))

H64 could be a simple truncated SHA-256.
E64 could be 3-DES in ECB mode:-)

Instead of a client-chosen random challenge (as per the -02 draft), in
this case the EncryptedExtensions returned by the server contains the
full (non-truncated) hash of the servername.

Some notes on the above:

- layering, smayering:-)
- yes, this is IPv6-only which puts off at least some implementers
- yes, the server needs to know the hashed SNI ahead of getting
  the first flight from the client for this scheme to be workable
- yes, not all wildcard cert scenarios might work with this (but
  some would)
- if it's ok for the EncryptedExtensions ESNI value to be fixed
  per hidden server (as proposed above) then that maybe makes the
  split-server mode much easier and more realistic, but...
- the above may be vulnerable to some attacks from which the -02
  version doesn't suffer (e.g. that allow an attacker to confirm
  that a client's CH is for some hidden service if the bad actor
  has guessed the right server already) - pondering such needs
  more work



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Subject: Re: [TLS] Negotiated Finite Field Diffie-Hellman shared secret calculation
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--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/plain

On Thu 2019-02-21 00:16:54 +0000, Peter Gutmann wrote:

> (A side-note about the 3526 values, they've been independently verified
> outside of their publication in the RFC, has anyone done this for the 7919
> ones?  Not saying they're suspicious, but it'd be good to get independent
> verification that the data values match what's described in the RFC).

i'd welcome any additional double-checks.  iirc, at the time of
publication, Tero Kivinen checked them independently, but i'd welcome
any additional checks people want to do.

I also published primality proofs (via primo) of the groups here:

 https://dkg.fifthhorseman.net/ffdhe-primality-proofs/

> That's a weird thing about 7919, throughout the draft process lots of people
> pointed out, again and again, that it wasn't going to work if published in
> that form.  So it got published anyway...

i agree that it would have been functionally stronger to define
ciphersuite values that identify the use of named FFDHE groups.  This
would allow clients to signal to servers that they will *only* accept
DHE if the server uses the named groups, and would avoid getting DHE
handshakes from non-compliant servers.

However, the mechanism is still useful as-is for clients that want to
signal their preference for a known group to a cooperating server.  This
is still useful in a world where some clients were failing to accept
server-offered DHE shares > 1024-bits (sigh, Java).

IIRC, the sense at the time was also that codepoints were scarce
resources, and replicating all the _DHE_RSA_ ciphersuites alone would
consume another 25 codepoints (replicating all of the _DHE_ ciphersuites
would consume 70 additional ones), and then it would also require
haggling over how the handshake messages would differ from the standard
in those variants, which might then increase implementation complexity.
Too bad!

At any rate, it turned out to be useful preparation for TLS 1.3, though
i presume today the named DHE groups will really only come in handy in
case ECDHE turns out to have some kind of serious cryptanalytic setback.

   --dkg, the guilty party

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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Feb 2019 06:51:20 -0800
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Subject: Re: [TLS] ct_compliant cached info field
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That works for me

-Ekr


On Fri, Feb 22, 2019 at 6:41 AM Rob Stradling <rob@sectigo.com> wrote:

> EKR, Martin,
>
> Hi, and sorry for the long delay in replying.
>
> This originated in [1] and was added to 6962-bis in [2].  The motivation
> was to provide a mechanism to permit a TLS server to avoid sending CT
> artifacts (SCTs, STHs, inclusion proofs) that it knows the TLS client
> already has or doesn't need, thereby reducing bytes on the wire for
> constrained and high-volume environments.
>
> The approach envisaged by RFC7924 seems to be: "here's a list of TLS
> message fingerprints I've received previously; please don't send these
> exact messages to me again".  This works for stand-alone messages that
> contain one item, such as the server's Certificate message (which
> contains 1 server certificate chain).
>
> However, in 6962-bis's case, SCTs and inclusion proofs are not
> stand-alone items; instead, they correspond to particular certificates.
> Each relevant TLS message will contain a TransItemList, which will
> probably contain at least a set of several SCTs; and whilst each SCT is
> static, the set (and the order within the set) is not.  Therefore, the
> approach of caching TLS messages by fingerprint didn't look like it
> would work for us.
>
> We concluded that it would make more sense for the client to make a more
> high-level statement: "here's a list of certificate fingerprints that
> I've received previously and that I already regard as being CT-compliant".
>
> This isn't an essential part of 6962-bis.  Other than Ben L's "Sounds
> like a good idea" comment in [1], I don't recall anyone commenting on it
> until EKR started this thread.
>
> I propose to remove this cached-info mechanism from 6962-bis, if nobody
> objects.  (It could of course be revisited in some future document, if
> there's interest).
>
>
> [1] https://trac.ietf.org/trac/trans/ticket/111
>
> [2] https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-rfcs/pull/186
>
> On 31/12/2018 14:36, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > + trans
> >
> > On Sun, Dec 30, 2018 at 10:06 PM Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net
> > <mailto:mt@lowentropy.net>> wrote:
> >
> >
> >     On Fri, Dec 28, 2018, at 04:58, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> >      > Please take a look at
> >      >
> >
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trans-rfc6962-bis-30#section-6.5
> >
> >     At a minimum, this would seem to update cached_info.
> >
> >     There's not a lot of meat on this text.  It seems to be saying that
> >     if you are providing transparency_info, then you can provide a
> >     certificate other than any of the certificates that the client
> >     believes to be CT compliant.  Also, you don't provide "x509_sct_v2"
> >     or "precert_sct_v2" in transparency_info.
> >
> >     How is the client then able to determine that this new certificate
> >     is CT compliant?  Using  "inclusion_proof_v2" and
> >     "signed_tree_head_v2" (or one or other)?  If so, the text doesn't
> >     point in that direction.
> >
> >     There's a lot of "why" missing in this document.  Why would a client
> >     choose to indicate "ct_compliant"?  Why is cached_info being
> >     extended in this way?
> >
> >     I might guess that the reason here is that the draft aims to avoid
> >     including information that might change over time, which would
> >     render caches invalid.  Isn't that motivation to recommend an SCT
> >     over an STH?
> >
> >     Separately, why does this establish a new registry for signature
> >     schemes?  It is obviously trying to keep TLS compatibility, based on
> >     the codepoints, but forking the registry is a great way to create
> >     problems.
>
> --
> Rob Stradling
> Senior Research & Development Scientist
> Email: rob@sectigo.com
>
>

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Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>That works for me</div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr</div>=
<div><br></div></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=
=3D"gmail_attr">On Fri, Feb 22, 2019 at 6:41 AM Rob Stradling &lt;<a href=
=3D"mailto:rob@sectigo.com">rob@sectigo.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockq=
uote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1p=
x solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">EKR, Martin,<br>
<br>
Hi, and sorry for the long delay in replying.<br>
<br>
This originated in [1] and was added to 6962-bis in [2].=C2=A0 The motivati=
on <br>
was to provide a mechanism to permit a TLS server to avoid sending CT <br>
artifacts (SCTs, STHs, inclusion proofs) that it knows the TLS client <br>
already has or doesn&#39;t need, thereby reducing bytes on the wire for <br=
>
constrained and high-volume environments.<br>
<br>
The approach envisaged by RFC7924 seems to be: &quot;here&#39;s a list of T=
LS <br>
message fingerprints I&#39;ve received previously; please don&#39;t send th=
ese <br>
exact messages to me again&quot;.=C2=A0 This works for stand-alone messages=
 that <br>
contain one item, such as the server&#39;s Certificate message (which <br>
contains 1 server certificate chain).<br>
<br>
However, in 6962-bis&#39;s case, SCTs and inclusion proofs are not <br>
stand-alone items; instead, they correspond to particular certificates. <br=
>
Each relevant TLS message will contain a TransItemList, which will <br>
probably contain at least a set of several SCTs; and whilst each SCT is <br=
>
static, the set (and the order within the set) is not.=C2=A0 Therefore, the=
 <br>
approach of caching TLS messages by fingerprint didn&#39;t look like it <br=
>
would work for us.<br>
<br>
We concluded that it would make more sense for the client to make a more <b=
r>
high-level statement: &quot;here&#39;s a list of certificate fingerprints t=
hat <br>
I&#39;ve received previously and that I already regard as being CT-complian=
t&quot;.<br>
<br>
This isn&#39;t an essential part of 6962-bis.=C2=A0 Other than Ben L&#39;s =
&quot;Sounds <br>
like a good idea&quot; comment in [1], I don&#39;t recall anyone commenting=
 on it <br>
until EKR started this thread.<br>
<br>
I propose to remove this cached-info mechanism from 6962-bis, if nobody <br=
>
objects.=C2=A0 (It could of course be revisited in some future document, if=
 <br>
there&#39;s interest).<br>
<br>
<br>
[1] <a href=3D"https://trac.ietf.org/trac/trans/ticket/111" rel=3D"noreferr=
er" target=3D"_blank">https://trac.ietf.org/trac/trans/ticket/111</a><br>
<br>
[2] <a href=3D"https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-rfcs/pull=
/186" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://github.com/google/certif=
icate-transparency-rfcs/pull/186</a><br>
<br>
On 31/12/2018 14:36, Eric Rescorla wrote:<br>
&gt; + trans<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; On Sun, Dec 30, 2018 at 10:06 PM Martin Thomson &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:=
mt@lowentropy.net" target=3D"_blank">mt@lowentropy.net</a> <br>
&gt; &lt;mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:mt@lowentropy.net" target=3D"_blank">mt@l=
owentropy.net</a>&gt;&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0On Fri, Dec 28, 2018, at 04:58, Eric Rescorla wrote=
:<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 &gt; Please take a look at<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 &gt;<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-t=
rans-rfc6962-bis-30#section-6.5" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https=
://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trans-rfc6962-bis-30#section-6.5</a><br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0At a minimum, this would seem to update cached_info=
.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0There&#39;s not a lot of meat on this text.=C2=A0 I=
t seems to be saying that<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0if you are providing transparency_info, then you ca=
n provide a<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0certificate other than any of the certificates that=
 the client<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0believes to be CT compliant.=C2=A0 Also, you don&#3=
9;t provide &quot;x509_sct_v2&quot;<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0or &quot;precert_sct_v2&quot; in transparency_info.=
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0How is the client then able to determine that this =
new certificate<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0is CT compliant?=C2=A0 Using=C2=A0 &quot;inclusion_=
proof_v2&quot; and<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0&quot;signed_tree_head_v2&quot; (or one or other)?=
=C2=A0 If so, the text doesn&#39;t<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0point in that direction.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0There&#39;s a lot of &quot;why&quot; missing in thi=
s document.=C2=A0 Why would a client<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0choose to indicate &quot;ct_compliant&quot;?=C2=A0 =
Why is cached_info being<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0extended in this way?<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0I might guess that the reason here is that the draf=
t aims to avoid<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0including information that might change over time, =
which would<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0render caches invalid.=C2=A0 Isn&#39;t that motivat=
ion to recommend an SCT<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0over an STH?<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0Separately, why does this establish a new registry =
for signature<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0schemes?=C2=A0 It is obviously trying to keep TLS c=
ompatibility, based on<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0the codepoints, but forking the registry is a great=
 way to create<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0problems.<br>
<br>
-- <br>
Rob Stradling<br>
Senior Research &amp; Development Scientist<br>
Email: <a href=3D"mailto:rob@sectigo.com" target=3D"_blank">rob@sectigo.com=
</a><br>
<br>
</blockquote></div>

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From: Rob Stradling <rob@sectigo.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
CC: Martin Thomson <mt@lowentropy.net>, Trans <trans@ietf.org>, "<tls@ietf.org>" <tls@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] ct_compliant cached info field
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From nobody Mon Feb 25 10:44:43 2019
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From: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Feb 2019 10:44:27 -0800
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Call for Adoption: TLS 1.3 Extension for Certificate-based Authentication with an External Pre-Shared Key
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It looks like we have consensus to adopt this as an experimental WG
item. Russ, please submit the draft as
draft-ietf-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk.

Thanks,
Chris, Joe, and Sean

On Sun, Feb 10, 2019 at 1:39 PM Christopher Wood
<christopherwood07@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Given the low amount of responses, we=E2=80=99re going to extend this ado=
ption
> call for another two weeks. As a reminder, if you would like for this
> draft to become a WG document and you are willing to review it as it
> moves through the process, then please let the list know by 2359UTC
> 20180222. If you are opposed to this being a WG document, please say
> so (and say why).
>
> Thanks,
> Chris, Joe, and Sean
>
> On Fri, Feb 8, 2019 at 8:58 AM Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
> >
> > I'd like to hear from some people who plan to implement and deploy this=
. Absent that, I'm not sure we should adopt it. Code points are free, so it=
 doesn't need to be a TLS WG item unless the TLS WG and community are going=
 to do substantial work on it.
> >
> > -Ekr
> >
> >
> > On Fri, Jan 25, 2019 at 10:12 AM Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gm=
ail.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> At the TLS@IETF103 session, there was interest in adopting
> >> draft-housley-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk as an experimental WG
> >> item, provided that it's limited to external PSKs with certificates
> >> for the initial handshake. This email is to determine whether there is
> >> WG consensus to adopt this draft (as is) as a WG item.
> >>
> >> If you would like for this draft to become a WG document and you are
> >> willing to review it as it moves through the process, then please let
> >> the list know by 2359UTC 20180208. If you are opposed to this being a
> >> WG document, please say so (and say why).
> >>
> >> Thanks,
> >> Chris, Joe and Sean
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> TLS mailing list
> >> TLS@ietf.org
> >> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/LYCawTivZPhTlpTFBQW4VhE9mNU>
Subject: [TLS] Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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TLS Colleagues,

If you recall we discussed a draft for authentication only ciphersuites ove=
r email back in August of 2018.  We've since made some updates to that draf=
t.  We also have gotten IANA assignments to the authentication only ciphers=
uites for TLS 1.3 and have updated the draft to reflect the new assignments=
.

To that extent, as the IoT community is looking to adopt these ciphersuites=
, we would like to solicit review of the draft:



    https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-camwinget-tls-ts13-macciphersuites-02



and request that it be published as informational draft given that the IoT =
forums are looking to adopt its use and the draft can serve as the guide fo=
r use and interoperability.

Thanks and Best Regards,

--Jack (and Nancy)



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<p style=3D"margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">TLS Colleagues, <o:p></o:p></=
p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">If you recall we discussed a =
draft for authentication only ciphersuites over email back in August of 201=
8.&nbsp; We've since made some updates to that draft.&nbsp; We also have go=
tten IANA assignments to the authentication
 only ciphersuites for TLS 1.3 and have updated the draft to reflect the ne=
w assignments.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">To that extent, as the IoT co=
mmunity is looking to adopt these ciphersuites, we would like to solicit re=
view of the draft:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a hr=
ef=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-camwinget-tls-ts13-macciphersuites-=
02">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-camwinget-tls-ts13-macciphersuites-02=
</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">and request that it be publis=
hed as informational draft given that the IoT forums are looking to adopt i=
ts use and the draft can serve as the guide for use and interoperability.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks and Best Regards,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">--Jack (and Nancy)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p>&nbsp;</=
o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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From nobody Tue Feb 26 13:03:43 2019
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From: Hanno =?iso-8859-1?q?B=F6ck?= <hanno@hboeck.de>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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I think I have raised my concerns before, but I have serious doubts
there's real need for such ciphersuites.

The reasoning seems to be that performance constrained devices are
unable to do "normal" TLS. I don't have benchmarks, but it's my
experience that people vastly overestimate the costs of symmetric
encryption operations (by far the largest computational cost of TLS is
the asymmetric handshake). I wonder if the people who believe they need
an authentication only ciphersuite ever ran tests.

I also see a non-neglegible risk in standardizing such ciphersuites.
Some implementations will end up adding them and coupled with
implementation flaws we may end up in a situation where inadvertently
insecure ciphersuites are chosen.

--=20
Hanno B=C3=B6ck
https://hboeck.de/

mail/jabber: hanno@hboeck.de
GPG: FE73757FA60E4E21B937579FA5880072BBB51E42


From nobody Tue Feb 26 13:26:52 2019
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/WoS49v4NeH_qeBm5kTjLMr4prMw>
Subject: Re: [TLS] EXTERNAL: Re:  Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
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Message-ID: <2707f00f-70da-f57c-18a3-49b22652adb8@cs.tcd.ie>
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2019 22:20:26 +0000
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/kVcY7JYsJT8gDRK72gK5aoAVEy0>
Subject: Re: [TLS] EXTERNAL: Re: Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
To: Jack Visoky <jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com>, =?UTF-8?Q?Hanno_B=c3=b6ck?=
 <hanno@hboeck.de>, "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <2707f00f-70da-f57c-18a3-49b22652adb8@cs.tcd.ie>
Subject: Re: [TLS] EXTERNAL: Re: Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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 <20190226220335.0d75968f@computer>
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FWIW I tend to agree with Hanno. Sending this to the ISE is
likely better if an RFC is even needed. We already opened up
the ciphersuite registration process to allow this kind of
thing without the WG having to try (and sometimes fail to)
reach rough consensus on things like this.

On 26/02/2019 21:26, Jack Visoky wrote:
> Hi Hanno,
>=20
> We have done tests on this and it there is a difference.  For some=20
> industries (industrial automation) throughput is very sensitive so=20
> what might appear as a small difference can actually be quite=20
> significant.  On that same note, yes you are absolutely correct that=20
> the asymmetric handshake is far more computationally expensive.=20
> However, this generally happens at the start of a connection where=20
> timing is less sensitive.  Once the application I/O is actually
> being sent/received is when the performance really becomes
> sensitive.
>=20
> Point taken that the ciphersuites could be used within an
> application where it isn't appropriate, however this would have to be
> weighed against the benefit of industries adopting TLS 1.3 and
> securing the many IoT applications that desire this.

That last appears to contradict the text in the draft itself
that says that these ciphersuites are for niche use cases.

For non-niche cases we really don't want to see use of these
ciphersuites.

Cheers,
S.

> This probably goes without saying but of course the best line of
> defense is to properly design, build, and configure the
> implementation.  I recognize that doesn't completely obviate your
> point but it does seem relevant.
>=20
> Thanks,
>=20
> --Jack
>=20
> -----Original Message----- From: TLS <tls-bounces@ietf.org> On
> Behalf Of Hanno B=C3=B6ck Sent: Tuesday, February 26, 2019 4:04 PM To: =

> tls@ietf.org Subject: EXTERNAL: Re: [TLS] Authentication Only=20
> Ciphersuites RFC
>=20
> [Use caution with links & attachments]
>=20
>=20
>=20
> I think I have raised my concerns before, but I have serious doubts=20
> there's real need for such ciphersuites.
>=20
> The reasoning seems to be that performance constrained devices are=20
> unable to do "normal" TLS. I don't have benchmarks, but it's my=20
> experience that people vastly overestimate the costs of symmetric=20
> encryption operations (by far the largest computational cost of TLS=20
> is the asymmetric handshake). I wonder if the people who believe
> they need an authentication only ciphersuite ever ran tests.
>=20
> I also see a non-neglegible risk in standardizing such ciphersuites.
>  Some implementations will end up adding them and coupled with=20
> implementation flaws we may end up in a situation where
> inadvertently insecure ciphersuites are chosen.
>=20
> -- Hanno B=C3=B6ck https://hboeck.de/
>=20
> mail/jabber: hanno@hboeck.de GPG:=20
> FE73757FA60E4E21B937579FA5880072BBB51E42
>=20
> _______________________________________________ TLS mailing list=20
> TLS@ietf.org https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls=20
> _______________________________________________ TLS mailing list=20
> TLS@ietf.org https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>=20

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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2019 14:52:42 -0800
Message-ID: <CABcZeBPo3fDbCUoHWG84gnq0_uU5iyRXQgdboCYSeATpYdz=xg@mail.gmail.com>
To: Jack Visoky <jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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On Tue, Feb 26, 2019 at 12:54 PM Jack Visoky <jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com>
wrote:

> TLS Colleagues,
>
> If you recall we discussed a draft for authentication only ciphersuites
> over email back in August of 2018.  We've since made some updates to that
> draft.  We also have gotten IANA assignments to the authentication only
> ciphersuites for TLS 1.3 and have updated the draft to reflect the new
> assignments.
>
> To that extent, as the IoT community is looking to adopt these
> ciphersuites, we would like to solicit review of the draft:
>
>
>
>
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-camwinget-tls-ts13-macciphersuites-02
>
>
>
> and request that it be published as informational draft given that the IoT
> forums are looking to adopt its use and the draft can serve as the guide
> for use and interoperability.
>

It seems to me that there four somewhat distinct questions:

1. Code points
2. Document level (Info, Exp, PS, etc.)
3. Recommended status
4. WG status

>From my perspective, you have code points and you've asked for an
Informational document, but than can only get you Not Recommended, so
what's the value of having this be a WG document? Why can't you submit it
to the ISE or alternately just have people reference the draft?

-Ekr


>
> Thanks and Best Regards,
>
>
>
> --Jack (and Nancy)
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>

--0000000000006e148e0582d3ec19
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"=
ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Tue, Feb 26, 2019 at 12:54 PM Jack Visoky &lt;=
<a href=3D"mailto:jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com">jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com</a>&gt=
; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px=
 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">





<div lang=3D"EN-US">
<div class=3D"gmail-m_-6408968183438165041WordSection1">
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">TLS Colleagues, <u></u><u></u></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">If you recall we discussed a draft for=
 authentication only ciphersuites over email back in August of 2018.=C2=A0 =
We&#39;ve since made some updates to that draft.=C2=A0 We also have gotten =
IANA assignments to the authentication
 only ciphersuites for TLS 1.3 and have updated the draft to reflect the ne=
w assignments.<u></u><u></u></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">To that extent, as the IoT community i=
s looking to adopt these ciphersuites, we would like to solicit review of t=
he draft:<u></u><u></u></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 <u></u><u></u></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0<a href=3D"htt=
ps://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-camwinget-tls-ts13-macciphersuites-02" targe=
t=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-camwinget-tls-ts13-maccipher=
suites-02</a><u></u><u></u></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 <u></u><u></u></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">and request that it be published as in=
formational draft given that the IoT forums are looking to adopt its use an=
d the draft can serve as the guide for use and interoperability.</p></div><=
/div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>It seems to me that there four somewh=
at distinct questions:</div><div><br></div><div>1. Code points</div><div>2.=
 Document level (Info, Exp, PS, etc.)</div><div>3. Recommended status<br></=
div><div>4. WG status</div><div><br></div><div>From my perspective, you hav=
e code points and you&#39;ve asked for an Informational document, but than =
can only get you Not Recommended, so what&#39;s the value of having this be=
 a WG document? Why can&#39;t you submit it to the ISE or alternately just =
have people reference the draft?<br></div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr</div><di=
v><br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0=
.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div lang=3D"=
EN-US"><div class=3D"gmail-m_-6408968183438165041WordSection1"><p style=3D"=
margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks and Best Regards,<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">--Jack (and Nancy)<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;A=
rial Narrow&quot;,sans-serif"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></b></p>
</div>
</div>

_______________________________________________<br>
TLS mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" rel=3D"noreferrer" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br>
</blockquote></div></div>

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From: David Wong <davidwong.crypto@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2019 23:53:39 +0100
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To: =?UTF-8?Q?Hanno_B=C3=B6ck?= <hanno@hboeck.de>
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/wz5vGKc31I-9f_w2UqvudwIaFO8>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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Shameless plug, but have you looked at constructions like Disco
(https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/180) that target specifically this
issue?

David


On Tue, Feb 26, 2019 at 10:04 PM Hanno B=C3=B6ck <hanno@hboeck.de> wrote:
>
> I think I have raised my concerns before, but I have serious doubts
> there's real need for such ciphersuites.
>
> The reasoning seems to be that performance constrained devices are
> unable to do "normal" TLS. I don't have benchmarks, but it's my
> experience that people vastly overestimate the costs of symmetric
> encryption operations (by far the largest computational cost of TLS is
> the asymmetric handshake). I wonder if the people who believe they need
> an authentication only ciphersuite ever ran tests.
>
> I also see a non-neglegible risk in standardizing such ciphersuites.
> Some implementations will end up adding them and coupled with
> implementation flaws we may end up in a situation where inadvertently
> insecure ciphersuites are chosen.
>
> --
> Hanno B=C3=B6ck
> https://hboeck.de/
>
> mail/jabber: hanno@hboeck.de
> GPG: FE73757FA60E4E21B937579FA5880072BBB51E42
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


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From: Sean Turner <sean@sn3rd.com>
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Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2019 20:57:59 -0500
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To: TLS List <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-grease
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This messages closes the WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-grease.  The draft will =
progress as is because we received no WGLC comments.

spt

> On Jan 24, 2019, at 10:50, Sean Turner <sean@sn3rd.com> wrote:
>=20
> This is the working group last call for the "Applying GREASE to TLS =
Extensibility" draft available at =
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-grease/. Please review =
the document and send your comments to the list by 2359 UTC on 8 =
February 2019.
>=20
> NOTE: There is one outstanding issue raised by Hubert [0].  Please =
chime in there or here so that we can address his comment one way or the =
other.
>=20
> Thanks,
> Chris, Joe, and Sean
>=20
> [0] =
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/nr4dA2JqcpqAjh-oY_1z2l6ZMFo


From nobody Tue Feb 26 18:29:59 2019
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Subject: [TLS] Publication has been requested for draft-ietf-tls-grease-02
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Sean Turner has requested publication of draft-ietf-tls-grease-02 as Informational on behalf of the TLS working group.

Please verify the document's state at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-grease/


From nobody Wed Feb 27 00:54:28 2019
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
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Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2019 08:54:17 +0000
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/2qFkMzWX9MV2P0FIXhyCmZwv6YM>
Subject: Re: [TLS] WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-grease
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
To: Sean Turner <sean@sn3rd.com>, TLS List <tls@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <bb30427a-f9b1-16c1-648c-76d18cc0d4fb@cs.tcd.ie>
Subject: Re: [TLS] WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-grease
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 <04D78BE6-2048-4EC0-A191-68AFD8D71A68@sn3rd.com>
In-Reply-To: <04D78BE6-2048-4EC0-A191-68AFD8D71A68@sn3rd.com>

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Hiya,

On 27/02/2019 01:57, Sean Turner wrote:
> This messages closes the WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-grease.  The draft
> will progress as is because we received no WGLC comments.

Apologies for missing the WGLC. I've just read this and fully
support it progressing. I have one question though:

The drafts says: 'A client MAY select one or more GREASE extension
values and advertise corresponding extensions with varying length
and contents' and 'For each of these, the "key_exchange" field MAY
be any value.' and 'Implementations advertising GREASE values
SHOULD select them at random.'

I was left wondering what ranges of lengths and what values are
recommended to be sent for greasy extension bytes and key_exchange
values.

Reason to ask is I happened to be looking at a few handshakes and
noticed those lengths being zero in all cases IIRC. (It was only
3 cases being one 1 h/s from each of 3 browsers so could be I was
just unlucky or missed a non-zero greasy length.)

I've no strong opinion as to what'd be best to say about those
lengths but I guess maybe we'd want to see some greasy lengths
that are shorter than all real values, some that are longer and
many in between, and value octets that that are random when
lengths are non-zero.

Does that match what people do? If so, would it be worth adding
something about that to the document?

Cheers,
S.

PS: Since I'm late to the game I'm fine if the above's treated as
a random last call comment.


> spt
>=20
>> On Jan 24, 2019, at 10:50, Sean Turner <sean@sn3rd.com> wrote:
>>=20
>> This is the working group last call for the "Applying GREASE to TLS
>> Extensibility" draft available at
>> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-grease/. Please
>> review the document and send your comments to the list by 2359 UTC
>> on 8 February 2019.
>>=20
>> NOTE: There is one outstanding issue raised by Hubert [0].  Please
>> chime in there or here so that we can address his comment one way
>> or the other.
>>=20
>> Thanks, Chris, Joe, and Sean
>>=20
>> [0]
>> https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/nr4dA2JqcpqAjh-oY_1z2l6ZMFo
>
>>=20
> _______________________________________________ TLS mailing list=20
> TLS@ietf.org https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>=20

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From nobody Wed Feb 27 01:31:31 2019
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Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2019 10:31:23 +0100
From: Hanno =?iso-8859-1?q?B=F6ck?= <hanno@hboeck.de>
To: Jack Visoky <jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com>
Cc: "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] EXTERNAL: Re:  Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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Hi,

On Tue, 26 Feb 2019 21:26:45 +0000
Jack Visoky <jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com> wrote:

> We have done tests on this and it there is a difference.

Have these tests in any way been published? Because otherwise it's a
very weak argument.

There are some obvious questions, e.g.:
* What algorithm implementation was tested, was it optimized for the
  architecture in question and was it considered whether the
  optimization could be improved or maybe even whether already a more
  optimized implementation exists?
* Have you tried both AES and chacha20? And in both cases the most
  optimized implementation for the target plattform?
* If the bottleneck is the cipher have you considered whether a
  different cipher that provides reasonable security, but can be
  implemented better on lightweight hardware, would be an alternative?
  (Not keen having that option, I believe fewer options are better.)

> This probably goes without
> saying but of course the best line of defense is to properly design,
> build, and configure the implementation.

I'm inclined to say that this is an outdated view of how to best do
security in protocols.
We had plenty of situations in the past where the TLS spec was a
minefield of possible implementation mistakes that led to long
descriptions on how to properly design things to avoid these mistakes.
History shows it didn't work. (Let me just throw in "Padding Oracles" or
"Bleichenbacher attacks" as very obvious examples.)

My takeaway and I believe that of many people is that the protocol
should avoid implementation pitfalls whereever possible. And I believe
an authentication-only ciphersuite is a dangerous implementation
pitfall.


--=20
Hanno B=C3=B6ck
https://hboeck.de/

mail/jabber: hanno@hboeck.de
GPG: FE73757FA60E4E21B937579FA5880072BBB51E42


From nobody Wed Feb 27 02:16:54 2019
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From: Tony Putman <Tony.Putman@dyson.com>
To: Jack Visoky <jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com>
CC: "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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I take no position on whether this is a good idea or not. Regarding the dra=
ft itself, I was expecting to see a clear definition of the integrity check=
 computation in terms of an AEAD-Encrypt computation. Something along the l=
ines of:
  AEAD-Encrypt-HMAC(write_key, nonce, additional_data, plaintext) =3D
    plaintext || HMAC(write_key, nonce || additional_data || plaintext)

In particular, AIUI, nonce must be included to prevent replay attacks. Also=
 include N_MIN =3D N_MAX =3D 8 bytes.

-- Tony

From: TLS [mailto:tls-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Jack Visoky
Sent: 26 February 2019 20:54
To: tls@ietf.org
Subject: [External Mail] [TLS] Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC


TLS Colleagues,

If you recall we discussed a draft for authentication only ciphersuites ove=
r email back in August of 2018.  We've since made some updates to that draf=
t.  We also have gotten IANA assignments to the authentication only ciphers=
uites for TLS 1.3 and have updated the draft to reflect the new assignments.

To that extent, as the IoT community is looking to adopt these ciphersuites=
, we would like to solicit review of the draft:



    https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-camwinget-tls-ts13-macciphersuites-02



and request that it be published as informational draft given that the IoT =
forums are looking to adopt its use and the draft can serve as the guide fo=
r use and interoperability.

Thanks and Best Regards,

--Jack (and Nancy)



Dyson Technology Limited, company number 01959090, Tetbury Hill, Malmesbury=
, SN16 0RP, UK.
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I take no position on whether this is a good idea or=
 not. Regarding the draft itself, I was expecting to see a clear definition=
 of the integrity check computation in terms of an AEAD-Encrypt computation=
. Something along the lines of:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp; AEAD-Encrypt-HMAC(write_key, nonce, additiona=
l_data, plaintext) =3D
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;plaintext || HMAC(write_key,=
 nonce || additional_data || plaintext)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">In particular, AIUI, nonce must be included to preve=
nt replay attacks. Also include N_MIN =3D N_MAX =3D 8 bytes.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">-- Tony<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span =
lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&qu=
ot;sans-serif&quot;"> TLS [mailto:tls-bounces@ietf.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Jack Visoky<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 26 February 2019 20:54<br>
<b>To:</b> tls@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [External Mail] [TLS] Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US">TLS Coll=
eagues, <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US">If you r=
ecall we discussed a draft for authentication only ciphersuites over email =
back in August of 2018.&nbsp; We've since made some updates to that draft.&=
nbsp; We also have gotten IANA assignments to
 the authentication only ciphersuites for TLS 1.3 and have updated the draf=
t to reflect the new assignments.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US">To that =
extent, as the IoT community is looking to adopt these ciphersuites, we wou=
ld like to solicit review of the draft:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-camwinget-tls-=
ts13-macciphersuites-02">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-camwinget-tls-ts=
13-macciphersuites-02</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US">and requ=
est that it be published as informational draft given that the IoT forums a=
re looking to adopt its use and the draft can serve as the guide for use an=
d interoperability.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Thanks and Best Regards,<o:p></=
o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">--Jack (and Nancy)<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-autospace:none"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US=
" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,&quot;sans=
-serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
<br>
<span style=3D"font-size: 13px;">
Dyson Technology Limited, company number 01959090, Tetbury Hill, Malmesbury=
, SN16 0RP, UK.
<br>
This message is intended solely for the addressee and may contain confident=
ial information. If you have received this message in error, please immedia=
tely and permanently delete it, and do not use, copy or disclose the inform=
ation contained in this message or in any attachment.
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From: John Mattsson <john.mattsson@ericsson.com>
To: Tony Putman <Tony.Putman@dyson.com>, Jack Visoky <jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com>
CC: "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [TLS] Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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On Wednesday, 27 February 2019 09:54:17 CET Stephen Farrell wrote:
> Hiya,
>=20
> On 27/02/2019 01:57, Sean Turner wrote:
> > This messages closes the WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-grease.  The draft
> > will progress as is because we received no WGLC comments.
>=20
> Apologies for missing the WGLC. I've just read this and fully
> support it progressing. I have one question though:
>=20
> The drafts says: 'A client MAY select one or more GREASE extension
> values and advertise corresponding extensions with varying length
> and contents' and 'For each of these, the "key_exchange" field MAY
> be any value.' and 'Implementations advertising GREASE values
> SHOULD select them at random.'
>=20
> I was left wondering what ranges of lengths and what values are
> recommended to be sent for greasy extension bytes and key_exchange
> values.
>=20
> Reason to ask is I happened to be looking at a few handshakes and
> noticed those lengths being zero in all cases IIRC. (It was only
> 3 cases being one 1 h/s from each of 3 browsers so could be I was
> just unlucky or missed a non-zero greasy length.)

I'm not sure which part for the key_share extension you mean as being empty=
,=20
but the key_exchange in the KeyShareEntry can't be empty, per RFC 8446,=20
Section 4.2.8:

      struct {
          NamedGroup group;
          opaque key_exchange<1..2^16-1>;
      } KeyShareEntry;

Only the client_shares inside the KeyShareClientHello may be empty:

      struct {
          KeyShareEntry client_shares<0..2^16-1>;
      } KeyShareClientHello;
=20
> I've no strong opinion as to what'd be best to say about those
> lengths but I guess maybe we'd want to see some greasy lengths
> that are shorter than all real values, some that are longer and
> many in between, and value octets that that are random when
> lengths are non-zero.
>=20
> Does that match what people do? If so, would it be worth adding
> something about that to the document?
>=20
> Cheers,
> S.
>=20
> PS: Since I'm late to the game I'm fine if the above's treated as
> a random last call comment.
>=20
> > spt
> >=20
> >> On Jan 24, 2019, at 10:50, Sean Turner <sean@sn3rd.com> wrote:
> >>=20
> >> This is the working group last call for the "Applying GREASE to TLS
> >> Extensibility" draft available at
> >> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-grease/. Please
> >> review the document and send your comments to the list by 2359 UTC
> >> on 8 February 2019.
> >>=20
> >> NOTE: There is one outstanding issue raised by Hubert [0].  Please
> >> chime in there or here so that we can address his comment one way
> >> or the other.
> >>=20
> >> Thanks, Chris, Joe, and Sean
> >>=20
> >> [0]
> >> https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/nr4dA2JqcpqAjh-oY_1z2l6ZMFo
> >=20
> > _______________________________________________ TLS mailing list
> > TLS@ietf.org https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls


=2D-=20
Regards,
Hubert Kario
Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
Web: www.cz.redhat.com
Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech Republic
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Subject: Re: [TLS] WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-grease
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
To: Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com>, tls@ietf.org
Cc: Sean Turner <sean@sn3rd.com>
Message-ID: <ab9aa431-3510-157b-8660-b7551c75464c@cs.tcd.ie>
Subject: Re: [TLS] WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-grease
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On 27/02/2019 12:30, Hubert Kario wrote:
> I'm not sure which part for the key_share extension you mean as being e=
mpty,=20
> but the key_exchange in the KeyShareEntry can't be empty, per RFC 8446,=
=20
> Section 4.2.8:
>=20
>       struct {
>           NamedGroup group;
>           opaque key_exchange<1..2^16-1>;
>       } KeyShareEntry;

Ah sorry, you're right - there is one byte in the
key_exchange with a value 0x00 in a greasy KeyShareEntry
I just looked at.

And a different browser doing tls1.2 sent 2 greasy
extensions, one with no data and another with a single
byte (0x00 again).

I guess my question remains though, as to whether more
bytes ought be sent in these fields sometimes and whether
or not they also ought be random values.

FWIW, I guess it'd make sense to send a range of random
length random values some of the time, but mostly I'm
wondering what other folks are doing/expecting.

Cheers,
S.

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From nobody Wed Feb 27 05:04:51 2019
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From: Hubert Kario <hkario@redhat.com>
To: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
Cc: tls@ietf.org, Sean Turner <sean@sn3rd.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2019 14:04:35 +0100
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Subject: Re: [TLS] WGLC for draft-ietf-tls-grease
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On Wednesday, 27 February 2019 13:52:57 CET Stephen Farrell wrote:
> On 27/02/2019 12:30, Hubert Kario wrote:
> > I'm not sure which part for the key_share extension you mean as being
> > empty, but the key_exchange in the KeyShareEntry can't be empty, per RFC
> > 8446,>=20
> > Section 4.2.8:
> >       struct {
> >      =20
> >           NamedGroup group;
> >           opaque key_exchange<1..2^16-1>;
> >      =20
> >       } KeyShareEntry;
>=20
> Ah sorry, you're right - there is one byte in the
> key_exchange with a value 0x00 in a greasy KeyShareEntry
> I just looked at.
>=20
> And a different browser doing tls1.2 sent 2 greasy
> extensions, one with no data and another with a single
> byte (0x00 again).

that's ok, the extensions in general can have empty payloads
=20
> I guess my question remains though, as to whether more
> bytes ought be sent in these fields sometimes and whether
> or not they also ought be random values.
>=20
> FWIW, I guess it'd make sense to send a range of random
> length random values some of the time, but mostly I'm
> wondering what other folks are doing/expecting.

for extensions doing an empty one and one with just few bytes should be=20
sufficient

=46or key_share, to simulate actual use I'd say the values should be at lea=
st=20
few dozen bytes long. That does inflate unnecessarily the ClientHello, so i=
t's=20
a balancing act...

=2D-=20
Regards,
Hubert Kario
Senior Quality Engineer, QE BaseOS Security team
Web: www.cz.redhat.com
Red Hat Czech s.r.o., Purky=C5=88ova 115, 612 00  Brno, Czech Republic
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From: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2019 08:18:28 -0800
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Subject: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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Hi folks,

Below are two PRs that seek to address the multi-CDN issue discussed
on this list and in meetings:

   1. https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/136
   2. https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/137

#136 implements the combined or stapled record approach discussed
several times, most recently in [1]. It includes these via an ESNIKeys
extension. #137 builds on this design with a mechanism that lets
clients detect and recover from A/AAAA and ESNI mismatch (if desired).
It is certainly more complex in several respects. A third variant,
which is not (yet) in PR form, is a simplification of #137 wherein
ESNIKeys addresses are only used as filters, instead of filters *or*
complete addresses.

We are asking for feedback on these PRs, as we would like to merge one
of them for the next draft version. As #136 is simpler and permits
extensibility, that is the current preference.

Thanks in advance for your feedback.

Best,
Chris (no hat, on behalf of the authors)

[1] https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/WXrPgaIsIPItDw3IQthmJk9VRlw


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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/8oKvGWWgb8q8FNXLDyaqsemGSag>
Subject: Re: [TLS] EXTERNAL: Re:  Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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Subject: Re: [TLS] EXTERNAL: Re:  Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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Thread-Topic: EXTERNAL: Re: [TLS] Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/k0mackJsNWowsmt0mmBIA3yrom0>
Subject: Re: [TLS] EXTERNAL: Re:  Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security WG of the IETF.

        Title           : Connection Identifiers for DTLS 1.2
        Authors         : Eric Rescorla
                          Hannes Tschofenig
                          Thomas Fossati
	Filename        : draft-ietf-tls-dtls-connection-id-03.txt
	Pages           : 14
	Date            : 2019-02-27

Abstract:
   This document specifies the Connection ID (CID) construct for the
   Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocol version 1.2.

   A CID is an identifier carried in the record layer header that gives
   the recipient additional information for selecting the appropriate
   security association.  In "classical" DTLS, selecting a security
   association of an incoming DTLS record is accomplished with the help
   of the 5-tuple.  If the source IP address and/or source port changes
   during the lifetime of an ongoing DTLS session then the receiver will
   be unable to locate the correct security context.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-dtls-connection-id/

There are also htmlized versions available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-dtls-connection-id-03
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-tls-dtls-connection-id-03

A diff from the previous version is available at:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-tls-dtls-connection-id-03


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


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Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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Despite the additional complexity of #137, I think it's probably the better=
 approach (and I would be fine with the simplification, if that makes it mo=
re palatable).  Particularly when multi-CDN is used, there's a lot of logic=
 involved in generating the "right" A/AAAA record in response to a request.=
  #136 essentially lets the ESNIKeys result override the A/AAAA, which mean=
s ESNIKeys needs to be equally tailored and duplicate all the existing logi=
c for a new record type.  In #137, the ESNIKeys essentially contains enough=
 information to check that the A/AAAA results came from the same entity as =
the ESNIKeys result but leaves the DNS complexity where it already exists. =
 (It has the option to override, and removing that would be the simplificat=
ion.)



The tripping point of #137, however, is that it may need a recovery path (i=
.e. a second A/AAAA resolution) in case the records come from mismatched pr=
oviders.  We don't currently have data on how often that would happen -- wh=
ether it's 10% or 0.001% of the time would make a big difference.



-----Original Message-----
From: TLS <tls-bounces@ietf.org> On Behalf Of Christopher Wood
Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2019 8:18 AM
To: <tls@ietf.org> <tls@ietf.org>
Subject: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals



Hi folks,



Below are two PRs that seek to address the multi-CDN issue discussed on thi=
s list and in meetings:



   1. https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/136

   2. https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/137



#136 implements the combined or stapled record approach discussed several t=
imes, most recently in [1]. It includes these via an ESNIKeys extension. #1=
37 builds on this design with a mechanism that lets clients detect and reco=
ver from A/AAAA and ESNI mismatch (if desired).

It is certainly more complex in several respects. A third variant, which is=
 not (yet) in PR form, is a simplification of #137 wherein ESNIKeys address=
es are only used as filters, instead of filters *or* complete addresses.



We are asking for feedback on these PRs, as we would like to merge one of t=
hem for the next draft version. As #136 is simpler and permits extensibilit=
y, that is the current preference.



Thanks in advance for your feedback.



Best,

Chris (no hat, on behalf of the authors)



[1] https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/WXrPgaIsIPItDw3IQthmJk9VRlw



_______________________________________________

TLS mailing list

TLS@ietf.org<mailto:TLS@ietf.org>

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</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"#0563C1" vlink=3D"#954F72">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Despite the additional complexity of #137, I thin=
k it's probably the better approach (and I would be fine with the simplific=
ation, if that makes it more palatable).&nbsp; Particularly when multi-CDN =
is used, there's a lot of logic involved
 in generating the &quot;right&quot; A/AAAA record in response to a request=
.&nbsp; #136 essentially lets the ESNIKeys result override the A/AAAA, whic=
h means ESNIKeys needs to be equally tailored and duplicate all the existin=
g logic for a new record type.&nbsp; In #137, the ESNIKeys
 essentially contains enough information to check that the A/AAAA results c=
ame from the same entity as the ESNIKeys result but leaves the DNS complexi=
ty where it already exists.&nbsp; (It has the
<i>option</i> to override, and removing that would be the simplification.)<=
o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">The tripping point of #137, however, is that it m=
ay need a recovery path (i.e. a second A/AAAA resolution) in case the recor=
ds come from mismatched providers.&nbsp; We don't currently have data on ho=
w often that would happen -- whether it's
 10% or 0.001% of the time would make a big difference.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">-----Original Message-----<br>
From: TLS &lt;tls-bounces@ietf.org&gt; On Behalf Of Christopher Wood<br>
Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2019 8:18 AM<br>
To: &lt;tls@ietf.org&gt; &lt;tls@ietf.org&gt;<br>
Subject: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals</p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Hi folks,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Below are two PRs that seek to address the multi-=
CDN issue discussed on this list and in meetings:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. <a href=3D"https://github.com/tls=
wg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/136">
<span style=3D"color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">https://github.com/tl=
swg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/136</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. <a href=3D"https://github.com/tls=
wg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/137">
<span style=3D"color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">https://github.com/tl=
swg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/137</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">#136 implements the combined or stapled record ap=
proach discussed several times, most recently in [1]. It includes these via=
 an ESNIKeys extension. #137 builds on this design with a mechanism that le=
ts clients detect and recover from
 A/AAAA and ESNI mismatch (if desired).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">It is certainly more complex in several respects.=
 A third variant, which is not (yet) in PR form, is a simplification of #13=
7 wherein ESNIKeys addresses are only used as filters, instead of filters *=
or* complete addresses.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">We are asking for feedback on these PRs, as we wo=
uld like to merge one of them for the next draft version. As #136 is simple=
r and permits extensibility, that is the current preference.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Thanks in advance for your feedback.<o:p></o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Best,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Chris (no hat, on behalf of the authors)<o:p></o:=
p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">[1] <a href=3D"https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/=
msg/tls/WXrPgaIsIPItDw3IQthmJk9VRlw">
<span style=3D"color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">https://mailarchive.i=
etf.org/arch/msg/tls/WXrPgaIsIPItDw3IQthmJk9VRlw</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">_______________________________________________<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">TLS mailing list<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org"><span style=3D"co=
lor:windowtext;text-decoration:none">TLS@ietf.org</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/=
tls"><span style=3D"color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">https://www.ietf=
.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</body>
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From: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2019 16:54:41 -0800
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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On Wed, Feb 27, 2019 at 4:36 PM Mike Bishop <mbishop@evequefou.be> wrote:
>
> Despite the additional complexity of #137, I think it's probably the bett=
er approach (and I would be fine with the simplification, if that makes it =
more palatable).  Particularly when multi-CDN is used, there's a lot of log=
ic involved in generating the "right" A/AAAA record in response to a reques=
t.  #136 essentially lets the ESNIKeys result override the A/AAAA, which me=
ans ESNIKeys needs to be equally tailored and duplicate all the existing lo=
gic for a new record type.  In #137, the ESNIKeys essentially contains enou=
gh information to check that the A/AAAA results came from the same entity a=
s the ESNIKeys result but leaves the DNS complexity where it already exists=
.  (It has the option to override, and removing that would be the simplific=
ation.)
>
> The tripping point of #137, however, is that it may need a recovery path =
(i.e. a second A/AAAA resolution) in case the records come from mismatched =
providers.  We don't currently have data on how often that would happen -- =
whether it's 10% or 0.001% of the time would make a big difference.

Thanks, Mike! I agree with the technical descriptions of both approaches.

Since each design uses an extension, could we pursue them
simultaneously? I'm not sure we must necessarily choose one or the
other here. (Perhaps I should have emphasized that in my original
message. Oops.)

Best,
Chris


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Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2019 01:24:14 +0000
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
To: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>,
 "<tls@ietf.org>" <tls@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <0b19d021-8101-23ee-2899-450d103a8906@cs.tcd.ie>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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Hiya,

First, I think both are wrong:-)

If there are really different ESNI private value holders,
then each of those should provide separate ESNIKeys RR value
instances and the set of all of those should be in the RRset
returned when the ESNIKeys are queried.

Requiring different private value holders to find some
entity to wrap up all their crap into one single TLS blob
is not, IMO, a good design.

That said, we can fix that later I guess, even though we
will have to fix it sometime. (Fixing it now would be better!)
So I regard these ESNIKeys syntax decisions as only holding
temporarily.

On 27/02/2019 16:18, Christopher Wood wrote:
> Hi folks,
>=20
> Below are two PRs that seek to address the multi-CDN issue discussed
> on this list and in meetings:
>=20
>    1. https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/136
>    2. https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/137

I'm not sure of the details of #137 but I think I prefer
that one a bit. I suspect either of them will be a pain to
code given how we'll be mixing names and addresses.

#136 seems broken to me in that it gives the new AddressSet
invention priority over A/AAAA resolution. I think that'd
need much more justification as it essentially calls for
duplicating A/AAAA information over two administrative
domains which seems like a recipe for failure.

If #137 is adding mandatory extensions that are analogous
to X.509 extension criticality, then I think that's an
error. Despite good arguments, that has not worked out well
and this seems like the same mistake. (But as stated above,
I think all syntax here is temporary until we've made it
DNS admin friendly which it is not.)

My reason for preferring #137 is that (if I'm reading it
right, and I'm not sure!), it resolves a CNAME and then
compares the resulting A/AAAA acquired via normal CNAME
chasing to a mask from the ESNIKeys stuff. I think that
is a better approach than replicating A/AAAA values inside
a novel repetitive structure like ESNIKeys.

Lastly, we will need to fix the TLS-developer-friendly
but DNS-admin-unfriendly ESNIKeys structure, so why not
do that now too, as we're modifying it? IMO the way to do
that is for each ESNI private value holder's stuff to be
a separate RR value in the RRset (and so each is likely a
separate stanza in a zone file). I also think if we did
that we'd be able to simplify the ESNIKeys structure a
good bit all of which should lead to more robust and
simpler code. My current code for handling ESNIKeys is
very complex and long even though I've ignored the supposed
ways in which things can be extended - were I to have to
add real extension handling, it'd be even worse. Changing
to >1 RR value in the answer could make all this an awful
lot simpler and much better match the multi-CDN (or more
properly multi-private-value) scenarios.

So in summary:

- both are wrong:-)
- if I had to pick one to proceed with temporarily,
  I'd go with #137 despite it being unclear
- I'd rather we fix the ESNIKeys to be DNS friendly
  now too and not wait to have to inevitably fight
  that battle later (but fight I will:-)

Cheers,
S.

>=20
> #136 implements the combined or stapled record approach discussed
> several times, most recently in [1]. It includes these via an ESNIKeys
> extension. #137 builds on this design with a mechanism that lets
> clients detect and recover from A/AAAA and ESNI mismatch (if desired).
> It is certainly more complex in several respects. A third variant,
> which is not (yet) in PR form, is a simplification of #137 wherein
> ESNIKeys addresses are only used as filters, instead of filters *or*
> complete addresses.
>=20
> We are asking for feedback on these PRs, as we would like to merge one
> of them for the next draft version. As #136 is simpler and permits
> extensibility, that is the current preference.
>=20
> Thanks in advance for your feedback.
>=20
> Best,
> Chris (no hat, on behalf of the authors)
>=20
> [1] https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/WXrPgaIsIPItDw3IQthmJk9VR=
lw
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>=20

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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2019 17:41:56 -0800
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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On Wed, Feb 27, 2019 at 5:24 PM Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
wrote:

>
> Hiya,
>
> First, I think both are wrong:-)
>
> If there are really different ESNI private value holders,
> then each of those should provide separate ESNIKeys RR value
> instances


Yes, this is the idea


and the set of all of those should be in the RRset
> returned when the ESNIKeys are queried.
>

I think you're misunderstanding the scenario here: we have two CDNs A and
B, and some switching service in front, so that when you lookup example.com,
you get a CNAME to A or B, and then you get the ESNIKeySet for A or B as
the case may be. So you're not going to get both ESNIKeys values.



> Requiring different private value holders to find some
> entity to wrap up all their crap into one single TLS blob
> is not, IMO, a good design.
>

That's not the way this works.




> On 27/02/2019 16:18, Christopher Wood wrote:
> > Hi folks,
> >
> > Below are two PRs that seek to address the multi-CDN issue discussed
> > on this list and in meetings:
> >
> >    1. https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/136
> >    2. https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/137
>
> I'm not sure of the details of #137 but I think I prefer
> that one a bit. I suspect either of them will be a pain to
> code given how we'll be mixing names and addresses.
>
> #136 seems broken to me in that it gives the new AddressSet
> invention priority over A/AAAA resolution. I think that'd
> need much more justification as it essentially calls for
> duplicating A/AAAA information over two administrative
> domains which seems like a recipe for failure.
>

This is not correct for the reasons I indicated above. What happens is that
the terminal CDN is responsible for publishing a record with its keys and
its A/AAAA values. Indeed, the source of the problem we are trying to solve
is that you might in successive resolutions get the CNAME for A and B, thus
having a keys/A mismatch.




>
> My reason for preferring #137 is that (if I'm reading it
> right, and I'm not sure!), it resolves a CNAME and then
> compares the resulting A/AAAA acquired via normal CNAME
> chasing to a mask from the ESNIKeys stuff. I think that
> is a better approach than replicating A/AAAA values inside
> a novel repetitive structure like ESNIKeys.
>
> Lastly, we will need to fix the TLS-developer-friendly
> but DNS-admin-unfriendly ESNIKeys structure,


[Citation needed]



IMO the way to do
> that is for each ESNI private value holder's stuff to be
> a separate RR value in the RRset (and so each is likely a
> separate stanza in a zone file).


This seems to rest on the same misunderstanding of the scenario in question.

-Ekr


So in summary:
>
> - both are wrong:-)
> - if I had to pick one to proceed with temporarily,
>   I'd go with #137 despite it being unclear
> - I'd rather we fix the ESNIKeys to be DNS friendly
>   now too and not wait to have to inevitably fight
>   that battle later (but fight I will:-)
>
> Cheers,
> S.
>
> >
> > #136 implements the combined or stapled record approach discussed
> > several times, most recently in [1]. It includes these via an ESNIKeys
> > extension. #137 builds on this design with a mechanism that lets
> > clients detect and recover from A/AAAA and ESNI mismatch (if desired).
> > It is certainly more complex in several respects. A third variant,
> > which is not (yet) in PR form, is a simplification of #137 wherein
> > ESNIKeys addresses are only used as filters, instead of filters *or*
> > complete addresses.
> >
> > We are asking for feedback on these PRs, as we would like to merge one
> > of them for the next draft version. As #136 is simpler and permits
> > extensibility, that is the current preference.
> >
> > Thanks in advance for your feedback.
> >
> > Best,
> > Chris (no hat, on behalf of the authors)
> >
> > [1]
> https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/WXrPgaIsIPItDw3IQthmJk9VRlw
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > TLS mailing list
> > TLS@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
> >
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
<div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 27, 2019 at 5:24 PM Steph=
en Farrell &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie">stephen.farrell=
@cs.tcd.ie</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=
=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding=
-left:1ex"><br>
Hiya,<br>
<br>
First, I think both are wrong:-)<br>
<br>
If there are really different ESNI private value holders,<br>
then each of those should provide separate ESNIKeys RR value<br>
instances </blockquote><div><br></div><div>Yes, this is the idea</div><div>=
<br></div><div> <br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin=
:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"=
>and the set of all of those should be in the RRset<br>
returned when the ESNIKeys are queried.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div=
>I think you&#39;re misunderstanding the scenario here: we have two CDNs A =
and B, and some switching service in front, so that when you lookup <a href=
=3D"http://example.com">example.com</a>, you get a CNAME to A or B, and the=
n you get the ESNIKeySet for A or B as the case may be. So you&#39;re not g=
oing to get both ESNIKeys values.<br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><b=
lockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-le=
ft:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<br>
Requiring different private value holders to find some<br>
entity to wrap up all their crap into one single TLS blob<br>
is not, IMO, a good design.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>That&#39;s =
not the way this works.</div><div> <br></div><div><br></div><div>=C2=A0</di=
v><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;borde=
r-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
On 27/02/2019 16:18, Christopher Wood wrote:<br>
&gt; Hi folks,<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Below are two PRs that seek to address the multi-CDN issue discussed<b=
r>
&gt; on this list and in meetings:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 1. <a href=3D"https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esn=
i/pull/136" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://github.com/tlswg/d=
raft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/136</a><br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 2. <a href=3D"https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esn=
i/pull/137" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://github.com/tlswg/d=
raft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/137</a><br>
<br>
I&#39;m not sure of the details of #137 but I think I prefer<br>
that one a bit. I suspect either of them will be a pain to<br>
code given how we&#39;ll be mixing names and addresses.<br>
<br>
#136 seems broken to me in that it gives the new AddressSet<br>
invention priority over A/AAAA resolution. I think that&#39;d<br>
need much more justification as it essentially calls for<br>
duplicating A/AAAA information over two administrative<br>
domains which seems like a recipe for failure.<br></blockquote><div><br></d=
iv><div>This is not correct for the reasons I indicated above. What happens=
 is that the terminal CDN is responsible for publishing a record with its k=
eys and its A/AAAA values. Indeed, the source of the problem we are trying =
to solve is that you might in successive resolutions get the CNAME for A an=
d B, thus having a keys/A mismatch.<br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>=
<div>=C2=A0<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px =
0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<br>
My reason for preferring #137 is that (if I&#39;m reading it<br>
right, and I&#39;m not sure!), it resolves a CNAME and then<br>
compares the resulting A/AAAA acquired via normal CNAME<br>
chasing to a mask from the ESNIKeys stuff. I think that<br>
is a better approach than replicating A/AAAA values inside<br>
a novel repetitive structure like ESNIKeys.<br>
<br>
Lastly, we will need to fix the TLS-developer-friendly<br>
but DNS-admin-unfriendly ESNIKeys structure, </blockquote><div><br></div><d=
iv>[Citation needed]</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><blo=
ckquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left=
:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">IMO the way to do<br>
that is for each ESNI private value holder&#39;s stuff to be<br>
a separate RR value in the RRset (and so each is likely a<br>
separate stanza in a zone file). </blockquote><div><br></div><div>This seem=
s to rest on the same misunderstanding of the scenario in question.</div><d=
iv><br></div><div>-Ekr</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><blockquote class=
=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rg=
b(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
So in summary:<br>
<br>
- both are wrong:-)<br>
- if I had to pick one to proceed with temporarily,<br>
=C2=A0 I&#39;d go with #137 despite it being unclear<br>
- I&#39;d rather we fix the ESNIKeys to be DNS friendly<br>
=C2=A0 now too and not wait to have to inevitably fight<br>
=C2=A0 that battle later (but fight I will:-)<br>
<br>
Cheers,<br>
S.<br>
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; #136 implements the combined or stapled record approach discussed<br>
&gt; several times, most recently in [1]. It includes these via an ESNIKeys=
<br>
&gt; extension. #137 builds on this design with a mechanism that lets<br>
&gt; clients detect and recover from A/AAAA and ESNI mismatch (if desired).=
<br>
&gt; It is certainly more complex in several respects. A third variant,<br>
&gt; which is not (yet) in PR form, is a simplification of #137 wherein<br>
&gt; ESNIKeys addresses are only used as filters, instead of filters *or*<b=
r>
&gt; complete addresses.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; We are asking for feedback on these PRs, as we would like to merge one=
<br>
&gt; of them for the next draft version. As #136 is simpler and permits<br>
&gt; extensibility, that is the current preference.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Thanks in advance for your feedback.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Best,<br>
&gt; Chris (no hat, on behalf of the authors)<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; [1] <a href=3D"https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/WXrPgaIsIPItD=
w3IQthmJk9VRlw" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://mailarchive.ie=
tf.org/arch/msg/tls/WXrPgaIsIPItDw3IQthmJk9VRlw</a><br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; _______________________________________________<br>
&gt; TLS mailing list<br>
&gt; <a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a><br>
&gt; <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" rel=3D"noreferre=
r" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br>
&gt; <br>
_______________________________________________<br>
TLS mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" rel=3D"noreferrer" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><br>
</blockquote></div></div>

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Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2019 01:55:57 +0000
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/mpGCfNa59Kaa6UoQuJjElwBuwQ4>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Cc: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>,
 "<tls@ietf.org>" <tls@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <0b854704-8f93-f9ad-c067-67f7f73cbbbf@cs.tcd.ie>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
References: <CAO8oSX=sPoLo78oX4qEEyeuck7CxM_uAqYPHEsY7BuYqBUaorg@mail.gmail.com>
 <0b19d021-8101-23ee-2899-450d103a8906@cs.tcd.ie>
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Hiya,

On 28/02/2019 01:41, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> I think you're misunderstanding the scenario here: we have two CDNs A a=
nd
> B, and some switching service in front, so that when you lookup example=
=2Ecom,
> you get a CNAME to A or B, and then you get the ESNIKeySet=20

(ESNIKeySet is a type you've just invented I guess?)

> for A or B as
> the case may be. So you're not going to get both ESNIKeys values.

Yes, that's not the model I had in mind. I don't recall that having
been written down but maybe I missed it. (Where should I look?)

The model I had in mind was where the hidden site has it's own DNS
operator but >1 CDN/front-site with each of those having a private
ESNI value. (And if there's some front-end DNS cleverness, it'd
kick in when the CNAME from #137 is being chased down.)

Cheers,
S.

PS: I nonetheless maintain my points about the current ESNIKeys
structure - it's over generic and over complex and these PRs can
only make that worse:-)


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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2019 18:40:23 -0800
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On Wed, Feb 27, 2019 at 5:56 PM Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
wrote:

>
> Hiya,
>
> On 28/02/2019 01:41, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > I think you're misunderstanding the scenario here: we have two CDNs A and
> > B, and some switching service in front, so that when you lookup
> example.com,
> > you get a CNAME to A or B, and then you get the ESNIKeySet
>
> (ESNIKeySet is a type you've just invented I guess?)
>

No. I forgot it was named ESNIKeys




> > for A or B as
> > the case may be. So you're not going to get both ESNIKeys values.
>
> Yes, that's not the model I had in mind. I don't recall that having
> been written down but maybe I missed it. (Where should I look?)
>

I believe this was discussed in Bangkok during the discussion of problems
with the current structure.




> The model I had in mind was where the hidden site has it's own DNS
> operator but >1 CDN/front-site with each of those having a private
> ESNI value. (And if there's some front-end DNS cleverness, it'd
> kick in when the CNAME from #137 is being chased down.)
>

I don't see how this is conflicts with what I said above, as that server
still needs to ensure consistency. In any case, the model I am describing
has a consistency problem which needs to be addressed.




> PS: I nonetheless maintain my points about the current ESNIKeys
> structure - it's over generic and over complex and these PRs can
> only make that worse:-)
>

Yes, I am aware this is your opinion, but I don't agree.

-Ekr

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Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
<div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Wed, Feb 27, 2019 at 5:56 PM Steph=
en Farrell &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie">stephen.farrell=
@cs.tcd.ie</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=
=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding=
-left:1ex"><br>
Hiya,<br>
<br>
On 28/02/2019 01:41, Eric Rescorla wrote:<br>
&gt; I think you&#39;re misunderstanding the scenario here: we have two CDN=
s A and<br>
&gt; B, and some switching service in front, so that when you lookup <a hre=
f=3D"http://example.com" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">example.com</=
a>,<br>
&gt; you get a CNAME to A or B, and then you get the ESNIKeySet <br>
<br>
(ESNIKeySet is a type you&#39;ve just invented I guess?)<br></blockquote><d=
iv><br></div><div>No. I forgot it was named ESNIKeys</div><div> <br></div><=
div><br></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"m=
argin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left=
:1ex">
&gt; for A or B as<br>
&gt; the case may be. So you&#39;re not going to get both ESNIKeys values.<=
br>
<br>
Yes, that&#39;s not the model I had in mind. I don&#39;t recall that having=
<br>
been written down but maybe I missed it. (Where should I look?)<br></blockq=
uote><div><br></div><div>I believe this was discussed in Bangkok during the=
 discussion of problems with the current structure.</div><div><br></div><di=
v><br></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"mar=
gin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1=
ex">
The model I had in mind was where the hidden site has it&#39;s own DNS<br>
operator but &gt;1 CDN/front-site with each of those having a private<br>
ESNI value. (And if there&#39;s some front-end DNS cleverness, it&#39;d<br>
kick in when the CNAME from #137 is being chased down.)<br></blockquote><di=
v><br></div>I don&#39;t see how this is conflicts with what I said above, a=
s that server still needs to ensure consistency. In any case, the model I a=
m describing has a consistency problem which needs to be addressed.<br></di=
v><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>=C2=A0</div=
><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border=
-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
PS: I nonetheless maintain my points about the current ESNIKeys<br>
structure - it&#39;s over generic and over complex and these PRs can<br>
only make that worse:-)<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Yes, I am aware=
 this is your opinion, but I don&#39;t agree.<br></div><div><br></div><div>=
-Ekr</div><div><br></div><div> <br></div></div></div>

--0000000000008d32720582eb38e5--


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Subject: [TLS] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC8448 (5645)
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The following errata report has been submitted for RFC8448,
"Example Handshake Traces for TLS 1.3".

--------------------------------------
You may review the report below and at:
http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid5645

--------------------------------------
Type: Technical
Reported by: Anthony Mai <Mai_Anthony@hotmail.com>

Section: 2

Original Text
-------------
   Ephemeral private keys are shown as they are generated in the traces.

Corrected Text
--------------
   Ephemeral private keys are shown as they are generated in the traces.
Note that X25519 private keys are trimmed in accordance to [RFC 7748]
Section 5, before use. This is done by clearing bit 0 to 2 of the first
byte and bit 7 of the last byte. And then set bit 6 of the last byte.

Notes
-----
On page 3,5,16,20,29,43,44,55,57, there are ten X25519 ephemeral private
keys listed. None of these private key value, when used directly in X25519
calculation, will yield the associated public key listed. These private key
values are not the actual values used. Instead up to 5 bits are modified as
recommended by RFC 7748 section 5. Some implementations may choose NOT to
do such trimming, and it does not affect the connectivity, as the private
keys are never sent over the wire and does not affect network behavior.

Not clarifying how the X25519 private keys were modified before using could
cause serious confusion. I personally struggled for a day before figuring
out this little obscure detail.

Instructions:
-------------
This erratum is currently posted as "Reported". If necessary, please
use "Reply All" to discuss whether it should be verified or
rejected. When a decision is reached, the verifying party  
can log in to change the status and edit the report, if necessary. 

--------------------------------------
RFC8448 (draft-ietf-tls-tls13-vectors-07)
--------------------------------------
Title               : Example Handshake Traces for TLS 1.3
Publication Date    : January 2019
Author(s)           : M. Thomson
Category            : INFORMATIONAL
Source              : Transport Layer Security
Area                : Security
Stream              : IETF
Verifying Party     : IESG


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Hi Chris,

Thank you for writing down the PRs describing possible designs that we
might adopt. I think it helps a lot in understanding the details and
making accurate comparisons.

My comments inline.

2019=E5=B9=B42=E6=9C=8827=E6=97=A5(=E6=B0=B4) 8:19 Christopher Wood <christ=
opherwood07@gmail.com>:
>
> Hi folks,
>
> Below are two PRs that seek to address the multi-CDN issue discussed
> on this list and in meetings:
>
>    1. https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/136
>    2. https://github.com/tlswg/draft-ietf-tls-esni/pull/137
>
> #136 implements the combined or stapled record approach discussed
> several times, most recently in [1]. It includes these via an ESNIKeys
> extension.

Reading the PR, I think that there is a mild privacy concern. The
issue with the unified record proposal is that it incentivizes the
operators to create more ESNI records possibly using different keys,
which is against the design principle of ESNI: provide anonymity set
by using the least number of keys.

Retaining address resolution unbundled with ESNI incentivizes the
operator to use less number of keys; for example they might just use
one key at a time. That would be a nice property to have, especially
in terms of transparency. It would help third parties verify that an
operator is actually providing an anonymity set (rather than just
pretending to use ESNI).

Also, I would like to point out that it is only when one key is used
by each of the provider at a given time that it would be possible to
use ESNI from a network that blocks DoH or DoT; a user can write the
IP addresses of services he/she wants to access in the hosts file, and
supply the ESNI key to the client he/she uses. Such a hack becomes
difficult under the unified approach, where operators could synthesize
different keys based on various conditions.

At the least, if we are to adopt #136, I think we should change the
definition of record digest included in the ClientHello extension so
that it does not cover the "address_set" extension of the ESNI record.
Otherwise, we would be exposing to the wire the fingerprint of the set
of IP addresses contained in the DNS response the client received
through a secure channel, whereas in the split record approach you
only leak the ESNI key being used and the IP address the client has
chosen.

As much as I like the idea of bundling IP addresses and ESNI key, I am
concerned if the requirement to bundle different types of records is a
requirement specific to ESNI. If not, I think we should (in the long
term) try to create a generic solution, while in the short time we
could rely on a more limited mechanism as proposed in #137.

> #137 builds on this design with a mechanism that lets
> clients detect and recover from A/AAAA and ESNI mismatch (if desired).
> It is certainly more complex in several respects. A third variant,
> which is not (yet) in PR form, is a simplification of #137 wherein
> ESNIKeys addresses are only used as filters, instead of filters *or*
> complete addresses.

I think using IP address blocks to limit the validity of the ESNI key
is a fine approach. I do not oppose to having a name-based filter if
it's impossible for certain operators to apply the IP address-based
filtering approach.

> We are asking for feedback on these PRs, as we would like to merge one
> of them for the next draft version. As #136 is simpler and permits
> extensibility, that is the current preference.
>
> Thanks in advance for your feedback.
>
> Best,
> Chris (no hat, on behalf of the authors)
>
> [1] https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/WXrPgaIsIPItDw3IQthmJk9VRlw
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls



--=20
Kazuho Oku


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From: Mounira Msahli <mounira.msahli@telecom-paristech.fr>
To: tls@ietf.org
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Hi, 


Please find attached a new version of the draft "TLS Authentication using ETSI TS 103 097 and IEEE 1609.2 certificates". In the new version, we consider 1609.2 cert signing applicable for TLS 1.3 see section "5.  Certificate Verification".

In accordance with instructions from the reviewers of IANA, the following entry to the TLS Certificate Types registry were added:

Value: 3
Extension Name: 1609Dot2
Recommended: N
Reference: [draft-tls-certieee1609]

https://www.iana.org/assignments/tls-extensiontype-values

We are soliciting feedback from the WG. 

Kind regards 
Mounira 


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Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
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 "<tls@ietf.org>" <tls@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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Hiya,

On 28/02/2019 02:40, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> On Wed, Feb 27, 2019 at 5:56 PM Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd=
=2Eie>
> wrote:
>=20
>>
>> Hiya,
>>
>> On 28/02/2019 01:41, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>> I think you're misunderstanding the scenario here: we have two CDNs A=
 and
>>> B, and some switching service in front, so that when you lookup
>> example.com,
>>> you get a CNAME to A or B, and then you get the ESNIKeySet
>>
>> (ESNIKeySet is a type you've just invented I guess?)
>>
>=20
> No. I forgot it was named ESNIKeys
>=20

Phew:-)

>>> for A or B as
>>> the case may be. So you're not going to get both ESNIKeys values.
>>
>> Yes, that's not the model I had in mind. I don't recall that having
>> been written down but maybe I missed it. (Where should I look?)
>>
>=20
> I believe this was discussed in Bangkok during the discussion of proble=
ms
> with the current structure.

FWIW, I didn't take from that discussion that we only want
that model to be supported, but it may have passed me by
if that was stated.

>> The model I had in mind was where the hidden site has it's own DNS
>> operator but >1 CDN/front-site with each of those having a private
>> ESNI value. (And if there's some front-end DNS cleverness, it'd
>> kick in when the CNAME from #137 is being chased down.)
>>
>=20
> I don't see how this is conflicts with what I said above, as that serve=
r
> still needs to ensure consistency.=20

I don't think mine conflicts with the model you describe,
but I do think it has different consequences for how we
ought structure the ESNIKeys stuff.

To be more specific, say in my model I have example.com
and want to see ESNI used for www.example.com and I
publish the zone for example.com including ESNIKeys.

Now I want browsers to be able to use either cdn1.example
or cdn2.example to front for www.example.com where those
are independent CDNs.

So I need to update my DNS zone periodically whenever
one or other CDN changes their ESNI public key share.
In my tiny little case doing this for a few domains, I
already have a small infrastructure that allows me to
do that kind of thing because of the need for regular
DNSSEC re-signing. (Mine currently works at a weekly
or daily cadence, but doing it hourly would be fine.)

I'd like to do that via a simple update to my zone files
without having to unpack and re-pack the data structures
I get from cdn1 or cdn2. Now sure, I could write a new
tool to munge together what I get from the CDNs but
that's more work (that could go wrong) and doesn't match
my current work flows. And I suspect others may operate
similarly.

That's what leads me to think that we'd be better off
to have multi-valued answers when a browser looks up
the RRset at _esni.www.example.com with each separate
value matching one ESNI public share (or one CDN,
though I'd argue for one share per zone file stanza).

I don't think that conflicts with your model where
_esni.www.example.com is one or another CNAME at a
given moment but it does differ from it.

There is however some dependency on #137 to get what
I want I guess using the host_pointer to get the
privacy benefit of using a CDN. I guess I might need
to publish yet another ESNI public share that matches
the private available at the A/AAAA of www.example.com
as well as those from the CDN even though that may
get me less privacy benefit compared to browsers who
go to cdn1 or cdn2. (It's possible that I'm reading
#137 wrong though, but I read it as supporting the
kind of setup I describe here.)

> In any case, the model I am describing
> has a consistency problem which needs to be addressed.

>> PS: I nonetheless maintain my points about the current ESNIKeys
>> structure - it's over generic and over complex and these PRs can
>> only make that worse:-)
>>
>=20
> Yes, I am aware this is your opinion, but I don't agree.
Fair enough:-) Personally I think that if we support
the kind of model above, such simplifications may well
naturally fall out of that work but we'll see I guess.
For example, I think that'd allow re-structuring the
ESNIKeys thing so the host_pointer in #137 no longer
needs to be an extension and hence we don't need the
concept of mandatory/critical extensions at all.

Cheers,
S.



>=20
> -Ekr
>=20

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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2019 05:12:37 -0800
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To: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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On Thu, Feb 28, 2019 at 2:50 AM Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
wrote:

>
> Hiya,
>
> On 28/02/2019 02:40, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > On Wed, Feb 27, 2019 at 5:56 PM Stephen Farrell <
> stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
> > wrote:
> >
> >>
> >> Hiya,
> >>
> >> On 28/02/2019 01:41, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> >>> I think you're misunderstanding the scenario here: we have two CDNs A
> and
> >>> B, and some switching service in front, so that when you lookup
> >> example.com,
> >>> you get a CNAME to A or B, and then you get the ESNIKeySet
> >>
> >> (ESNIKeySet is a type you've just invented I guess?)
> >>
> >
> > No. I forgot it was named ESNIKeys
> >
>
> Phew:-)
>
> >>> for A or B as
> >>> the case may be. So you're not going to get both ESNIKeys values.
> >>
> >> Yes, that's not the model I had in mind. I don't recall that having
> >> been written down but maybe I missed it. (Where should I look?)
> >>
> >
> > I believe this was discussed in Bangkok during the discussion of problems
> > with the current structure.
>
> FWIW, I didn't take from that discussion that we only want
> that model to be supported, but it may have passed me by
> if that was stated.
>

No, it's merely the most challenging.




> >> The model I had in mind was where the hidden site has it's own DNS
> >> operator but >1 CDN/front-site with each of those having a private
> >> ESNI value. (And if there's some front-end DNS cleverness, it'd
> >> kick in when the CNAME from #137 is being chased down.)
> >>
> >
> > I don't see how this is conflicts with what I said above, as that server
> > still needs to ensure consistency.
>
> I don't think mine conflicts with the model you describe,
> but I do think it has different consequences for how we
> ought structure the ESNIKeys stuff.
>
> To be more specific, say in my model I have example.com
> and want to see ESNI used for www.example.com and I
> publish the zone for example.com including ESNIKeys.
>
> Now I want browsers to be able to use either cdn1.example
> or cdn2.example to front for www.example.com where those
> are independent CDNs.
>
> So I need to update my DNS zone periodically whenever
> one or other CDN changes their ESNI public key share.
> In my tiny little case doing this for a few domains, I
> already have a small infrastructure that allows me to
> do that kind of thing because of the need for regular
> DNSSEC re-signing. (Mine currently works at a weekly
> or daily cadence, but doing it hourly would be fine.)
>
> I'd like to do that via a simple update to my zone files
> without having to unpack and re-pack the data structures
> I get from cdn1 or cdn2. Now sure, I could write a new
> tool to munge together what I get from the CDNs but
> that's more work (that could go wrong) and doesn't match
> my current work flows. And I suspect others may operate
> similarly.
>

The vast majority of people have someone else manage their DNS, so I'm sure
some others do, but I doubt many.


> That's what leads me to think that we'd be better off
> to have multi-valued answers when a browser looks up
> the RRset at _esni.www.example.com with each separate
> value matching one ESNI public share (or one CDN,
> though I'd argue for one share per zone file stanza).
>

I don't really understand your point, because this *is* the expected
design.



> >> PS: I nonetheless maintain my points about the current ESNIKeys
> >> structure - it's over generic and over complex and these PRs can
> >> only make that worse:-)
> >>
> >
> > Yes, I am aware this is your opinion, but I don't agree.
> Fair enough:-) Personally I think that if we support
> the kind of model above, such simplifications may well
> naturally fall out of that work but we'll see I guess.
> For example, I think that'd allow re-structuring the
> ESNIKeys thing so the host_pointer in #137 no longer
> needs to be an extension and hence we don't need the
> concept of mandatory/critical extensions at all.
>

Well, obviously if you bake all the functionality into the record from the
start, you won't need extensions, mandatory or otherwise. But I don't think
this piece of functionality is well enough understood to tdo that with.

-Ekr


> Cheers,
> S.
>
>
>
> >
> > -Ekr
> >
>

--0000000000009229f30582f40db7
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
<div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Thu, Feb 28, 2019 at 2:50 AM Steph=
en Farrell &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie">stephen.farrell=
@cs.tcd.ie</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=
=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding=
-left:1ex"><br>
Hiya,<br>
<br>
On 28/02/2019 02:40, Eric Rescorla wrote:<br>
&gt; On Wed, Feb 27, 2019 at 5:56 PM Stephen Farrell &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:=
stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie" target=3D"_blank">stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie</a>&=
gt;<br>
&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Hiya,<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; On 28/02/2019 01:41, Eric Rescorla wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; I think you&#39;re misunderstanding the scenario here: we have=
 two CDNs A and<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; B, and some switching service in front, so that when you looku=
p<br>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"http://example.com" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank=
">example.com</a>,<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; you get a CNAME to A or B, and then you get the ESNIKeySet<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; (ESNIKeySet is a type you&#39;ve just invented I guess?)<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; No. I forgot it was named ESNIKeys<br>
&gt; <br>
<br>
Phew:-)<br>
<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; for A or B as<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; the case may be. So you&#39;re not going to get both ESNIKeys =
values.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Yes, that&#39;s not the model I had in mind. I don&#39;t recall th=
at having<br>
&gt;&gt; been written down but maybe I missed it. (Where should I look?)<br=
>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; I believe this was discussed in Bangkok during the discussion of probl=
ems<br>
&gt; with the current structure.<br>
<br>
FWIW, I didn&#39;t take from that discussion that we only want<br>
that model to be supported, but it may have passed me by<br>
if that was stated.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>No, it&#39;s merely=
 the most challenging.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>=C2=A0</div>=
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-=
left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
&gt;&gt; The model I had in mind was where the hidden site has it&#39;s own=
 DNS<br>
&gt;&gt; operator but &gt;1 CDN/front-site with each of those having a priv=
ate<br>
&gt;&gt; ESNI value. (And if there&#39;s some front-end DNS cleverness, it&=
#39;d<br>
&gt;&gt; kick in when the CNAME from #137 is being chased down.)<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; I don&#39;t see how this is conflicts with what I said above, as that =
server<br>
&gt; still needs to ensure consistency. <br>
<br>
I don&#39;t think mine conflicts with the model you describe,<br>
but I do think it has different consequences for how we<br>
ought structure the ESNIKeys stuff.<br>
<br>
To be more specific, say in my model I have <a href=3D"http://example.com" =
rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">example.com</a><br>
and want to see ESNI used for <a href=3D"http://www.example.com" rel=3D"nor=
eferrer" target=3D"_blank">www.example.com</a> and I<br>
publish the zone for <a href=3D"http://example.com" rel=3D"noreferrer" targ=
et=3D"_blank">example.com</a> including ESNIKeys.<br>
<br>
Now I want browsers to be able to use either cdn1.example<br>
or cdn2.example to front for <a href=3D"http://www.example.com" rel=3D"nore=
ferrer" target=3D"_blank">www.example.com</a> where those<br>
are independent CDNs.<br>
<br>
So I need to update my DNS zone periodically whenever<br>
one or other CDN changes their ESNI public key share.<br>
In my tiny little case doing this for a few domains, I<br>
already have a small infrastructure that allows me to<br>
do that kind of thing because of the need for regular<br>
DNSSEC re-signing. (Mine currently works at a weekly<br>
or daily cadence, but doing it hourly would be fine.)<br>
<br>
I&#39;d like to do that via a simple update to my zone files<br>
without having to unpack and re-pack the data structures<br>
I get from cdn1 or cdn2. Now sure, I could write a new<br>
tool to munge together what I get from the CDNs but<br>
that&#39;s more work (that could go wrong) and doesn&#39;t match<br>
my current work flows. And I suspect others may operate<br>
similarly.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>The vast majority of people =
have someone else manage their DNS, so I&#39;m sure some others do, but I d=
oubt many.</div><div> <br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"=
margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-lef=
t:1ex">
<br>
That&#39;s what leads me to think that we&#39;d be better off<br>
to have multi-valued answers when a browser looks up<br>
the RRset at _<a href=3D"http://esni.www.example.com" rel=3D"noreferrer" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">esni.www.example.com</a> with each separate<br>
value matching one ESNI public share (or one CDN,<br>
though I&#39;d argue for one share per zone file stanza).<br></blockquote><=
div><br></div><div>I don&#39;t really understand your point, because this *=
is* the expected design. <br></div><br><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=
=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rg=
b(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
&gt;&gt; PS: I nonetheless maintain my points about the current ESNIKeys<br=
>
&gt;&gt; structure - it&#39;s over generic and over complex and these PRs c=
an<br>
&gt;&gt; only make that worse:-)<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Yes, I am aware this is your opinion, but I don&#39;t agree.<br>
Fair enough:-) Personally I think that if we support<br>
the kind of model above, such simplifications may well<br>
naturally fall out of that work but we&#39;ll see I guess.<br>
For example, I think that&#39;d allow re-structuring the<br>
ESNIKeys thing so the host_pointer in #137 no longer<br>
needs to be an extension and hence we don&#39;t need the<br>
concept of mandatory/critical extensions at all.<br></blockquote><div><br><=
/div><div>Well, obviously if you bake all the functionality into the record=
 from the start, you won&#39;t need extensions, mandatory or otherwise. But=
 I don&#39;t think this piece of functionality is well enough understood to=
 tdo that with.</div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr</div><div><br></div><blockquo=
te class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px =
solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<br>
Cheers,<br>
S.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; -Ekr<br>
&gt; <br>
</blockquote></div></div>

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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2019 05:39:34 -0800
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Jack,

There's a bunch here to unpack.

First, the purpose of the current registry structure was to allow code
point registration without forcing the TLS WG to spend time on documents
that don't generally meet its goals. This seems like one such document.

WRT to your points about the benefits of RFC status:

1. Having this approved through the IETF process vs, just ISE would be
beneficial to those wishing to adopt. Why would this be the case? The only
reason I can think of is that having it be an IETF document would imply
that the IETF thought it was OK. But this is the situation we are trying to
avoid with the Not Recommended label.
2. Having this go through the IETF process would get you community review.
Again, here, the idea with the new process is that we don't force the TLS
WG to do that work.

Obviously, individuals should feel free to review this document or not as
they please, but I'm not seeing any compelling reason why TLS-WG should
take it on.

-Ekr


On Wed, Feb 27, 2019 at 11:49 AM Jack Visoky <jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com>
wrote:

> Hi Eric,
>
>
>
> Our goal is to have an RFC published as Informational and with the Not
> Recommended status.  We felt having this approved through the IETF proces=
s
> vs just ISE would be beneficial to those wishing to adopt, and getting
> community review is also helpful to us and those we represent.
>
>
>
> I suppose one question is whether or not we need this to be a WG item or
> if we can solicit independent shepherding from a chair or AD to get to th=
e
> goal of an Information RFC with Not Recommended status.
>
>
>
> Also, I apologize if I=E2=80=99ve misunderstood or misstated anything, I=
=E2=80=99m new to
> the IETF processes so certainly could have made a mistake.
>
>
>
> Thanks,
>
>
>
> --Jack
>
>
>
> *From:* Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
> *Sent:* Tuesday, February 26, 2019 5:53 PM
> *To:* Jack Visoky <jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com>
> *Cc:* tls@ietf.org
> *Subject:* EXTERNAL: Re: [TLS] Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
>
>
>
> [Use caution with links & attachments]
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> On Tue, Feb 26, 2019 at 12:54 PM Jack Visoky <jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com>
> wrote:
>
> TLS Colleagues,
>
> If you recall we discussed a draft for authentication only ciphersuites
> over email back in August of 2018.  We've since made some updates to that
> draft.  We also have gotten IANA assignments to the authentication only
> ciphersuites for TLS 1.3 and have updated the draft to reflect the new
> assignments.
>
> To that extent, as the IoT community is looking to adopt these
> ciphersuites, we would like to solicit review of the draft:
>
>
>
>
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-camwinget-tls-ts13-macciphersuites-02
>
>
>
> and request that it be published as informational draft given that the Io=
T
> forums are looking to adopt its use and the draft can serve as the guide
> for use and interoperability.
>
>
>
> It seems to me that there four somewhat distinct questions:
>
>
>
> 1. Code points
>
> 2. Document level (Info, Exp, PS, etc.)
>
> 3. Recommended status
>
> 4. WG status
>
>
>
> From my perspective, you have code points and you've asked for an
> Informational document, but than can only get you Not Recommended, so
> what's the value of having this be a WG document? Why can't you submit it
> to the ISE or alternately just have people reference the draft?
>
>
>
> -Ekr
>
>
>
>
>
> Thanks and Best Regards,
>
>
>
> --Jack (and Nancy)
>
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>Jack,</div><div><br></div><div>There&#39;s a bunch he=
re to unpack.</div><div><br></div><div>First, the purpose of the current re=
gistry structure was to allow code point registration without forcing the T=
LS WG to spend time on documents that don&#39;t generally meet its goals. T=
his seems like one such document.</div><div><br></div><div>WRT to your poin=
ts about the benefits of RFC status:</div><div><br></div><div>1. Having thi=
s approved through the IETF process vs, just ISE would be beneficial to tho=
se wishing to adopt. Why would this be the case? The only reason I can thin=
k of is that having it be an IETF document would imply that the IETF though=
t it was OK. But this is the situation we are trying to avoid with the Not =
Recommended label.<br></div><div>2. Having this go through the IETF process=
 would get you community review. Again, here, the idea with the new process=
 is that we don&#39;t force the TLS WG to do that work.</div><div><br></div=
><div>Obviously, individuals should feel free to review this document or no=
t as they please, but I&#39;m not seeing any compelling reason why TLS-WG s=
hould take it on.<br></div><div><div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr</div><div><br=
></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"=
>On Wed, Feb 27, 2019 at 11:49 AM Jack Visoky &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:jmvisok=
y@ra.rockwell.com">jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockq=
uote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1p=
x solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">





<div lang=3D"EN-US">
<div class=3D"gmail-m_1724168304766739875WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Eric,<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Our goal is to have an RFC published as Informationa=
l and with the Not Recommended status.=C2=A0 We felt having this approved t=
hrough the IETF process vs just ISE would be beneficial to those wishing to=
 adopt, and getting community review is
 also helpful to us and those we represent.=C2=A0 <u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I suppose one question is whether or not we need thi=
s to be a WG item or if we can solicit independent shepherding from a chair=
 or AD to get to the goal of an Information RFC with Not Recommended status=
.=C2=A0
<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Also, I apologize if I=E2=80=99ve misunderstood or m=
isstated anything, I=E2=80=99m new to the IETF processes so certainly could=
 have made a mistake.<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks,<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">--Jack<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border-color:rgb(225,225,225) currentcolor currentcolor;borde=
r-style:solid none none;border-width:1pt medium medium;padding:3pt 0in 0in"=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Eric Rescorla &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ekr=
@rtfm.com" target=3D"_blank">ekr@rtfm.com</a>&gt; <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, February 26, 2019 5:53 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Jack Visoky &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com" targ=
et=3D"_blank">jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com</a>&gt;<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:tls@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">tls@ietf.org</=
a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> EXTERNAL: Re: [TLS] Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC<u>=
</u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:2.25pt solid rgb(187,35,34);padding:2pt;background:rgb=
(232,232,232) none repeat scroll 0% 0%">
<p class=3D"gmail-m_1724168304766739875msgborder" style=3D"line-height:12pt=
;background:rgb(232,232,232) none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><span style=3D"font-=
size:10pt;color:black">[Use caution with links &amp; attachments]</span><u>=
</u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<p>=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">On Tue, Feb 26, 2019 at 12:54 PM Jack Visoky &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com" target=3D"_blank">jmvisoky@ra.rock=
well.com</a>&gt; wrote:<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<blockquote style=3D"border-color:currentcolor currentcolor currentcolor rg=
b(204,204,204);border-style:none none none solid;border-width:medium medium=
 medium 1pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">
<div>
<div>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">TLS Colleagues, <u></u><u></u></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">If you recall we discussed a draft for=
 authentication only ciphersuites over email back in August of 2018.=C2=A0 =
We&#39;ve since made some updates to that draft.=C2=A0 We also have gotten =
IANA assignments to the authentication
 only ciphersuites for TLS 1.3 and have updated the draft to reflect the ne=
w assignments.<u></u><u></u></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">To that extent, as the IoT community i=
s looking to adopt these ciphersuites, we would like to solicit review of t=
he draft:<u></u><u></u></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 <u></u><u></u></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0<a href=3D"htt=
ps://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-camwinget-tls-ts13-macciphersuites-02" targe=
t=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-camwinget-tls-ts13-maccipher=
suites-02</a><u></u><u></u></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 <u></u><u></u></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">and request that it be published as in=
formational draft given that the IoT forums are looking to adopt its use an=
d the draft can serve as the guide for use and interoperability.<u></u><u><=
/u></p>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">It seems to me that there four somewhat distinct que=
stions:<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">1. Code points<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">2. Document level (Info, Exp, PS, etc.)<u></u><u></u=
></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">3. Recommended status<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">4. WG status<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">From my perspective, you have code points and you&#3=
9;ve asked for an Informational document, but than can only get you Not Rec=
ommended, so what&#39;s the value of having this be a WG document? Why can&=
#39;t you submit it to the ISE or alternately
 just have people reference the draft?<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">-Ekr<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p>
</div>
<blockquote style=3D"border-color:currentcolor currentcolor currentcolor rg=
b(204,204,204);border-style:none none none solid;border-width:medium medium=
 medium 1pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">
<div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks and Best Regards,<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">--Jack (and Nancy)<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;A=
rial Narrow&quot;,sans-serif">=C2=A0</span></b><u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">_______________________________________________<br>
TLS mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:TLS@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">TLS@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls" target=3D"_blank">htt=
ps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls</a><u></u><u></u></p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

</blockquote></div></div></div></div>

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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
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Message-ID: <99af33f1-81d0-d918-9746-568d6ad0c1f0@cs.tcd.ie>
Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2019 13:51:16 +0000
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Cc: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>,
 "<tls@ietf.org>" <tls@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <99af33f1-81d0-d918-9746-568d6ad0c1f0@cs.tcd.ie>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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Hiya,

On 28/02/2019 13:12, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>> That's what leads me to think that we'd be better off
>> to have multi-valued answers when a browser looks up
>> the RRset at _esni.www.example.com with each separate
>> value matching one ESNI public share (or one CDN,
>> though I'd argue for one share per zone file stanza).
>>
> I don't really understand your point, because this *is* the expected
> design.
>=20

Seems one of us is confused then, likely me:-)

Lemme try clarify it out this way:

$ dig +short txt _esni.cloudflare.com
"/wEXMtleACQAHQAgsKfk/Hy67PiJCb68AVrT
C5jXkYnJK5UKCHcF4BAojAwAAhMBAQQAAAAAX
HPm0AAAAABce8/QAAA=3D"

That's one encoded ESNIKeys value accessed just now.

The ietf.org domain has two TXT RR values, (actual content
elided below for brevity) so I get:

$ dig +short txt ietf.org
"somegooglestuff"
"lotsofspfstuff"

What I'd like to see for my earlier example.com case would
be like:

$ dig +short txt _esni.www.example.com
"/wEXMtleACQAHQAgsKfk/Hy67PiJCb68AVrT
C5jXkYnJK5UKCHcF4BAojAwAAhMBAQQAAAAAX
HPm0AAAAABce8/QAAA=3D"
"/wHHBBOoACQAHQAg4YSfjSyJPNr1z3F8KqzB
NBnMejim0mJZaPmria3XsicAAhMBAQQAAAAAW
9pQEAAAAABb4jkQAAA=3D"

Where the first is supplied to me by cdn1.example and the
second is from cdn2.example.

And have browsers and other ESNI clients be able to handle
that, picking whatever they consider the best of the usable
options presented.

Are we still on the same page? If so, great!

(And assuming we are: I'd subsequently suggest we can
simplify ESNIKeys so that it just has one KeyShareEntry per
RR value and not a list of those, since multiples for one
CDN or many CDNs can be handled already as above. I think
making that change, and perhaps other simplifying changes,
at the same time as moving from TXT to a new RRTYPE would
be a fine thing, but there's no pressing need to make all
those changes for the -03 draft or in #137 though, I'd be
happy if we're heading there a little later.)

Cheers,
S.

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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>, Jack Visoky <jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com>
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Thread-Topic: [TLS] EXTERNAL: Re:  Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
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Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2019 13:58:10 +0000
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Subject: Re: [TLS] EXTERNAL: Re: Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
To: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>,
 Jack Visoky <jmvisoky@ra.rockwell.com>
Cc: "tls@ietf.org" <tls@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <e9478e0f-3c87-4de2-9dc3-a38beb9be143@cs.tcd.ie>
Subject: Re: [TLS] EXTERNAL: Re: Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
References: <BN6PR2201MB1092B0FAD8AB0334CF151996997B0@BN6PR2201MB1092.namprd22.prod.outlook.com>
 <CABcZeBPo3fDbCUoHWG84gnq0_uU5iyRXQgdboCYSeATpYdz=xg@mail.gmail.com>
 <BN6PR2201MB10920B409B6E38A36BB2DDC499740@BN6PR2201MB1092.namprd22.prod.outlook.com>
 <CABcZeBOqvx0eaGDLuFSJy6f6voqO7b+Bj9keFvRAwW7MibUfDA@mail.gmail.com>
 <150E2CBA-14F6-4953-B6CF-241A117E2325@akamai.com>
In-Reply-To: <150E2CBA-14F6-4953-B6CF-241A117E2325@akamai.com>

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On 28/02/2019 13:54, Salz, Rich wrote:
>   *   Obviously, individuals should feel free to review this document o=
r not as they please, but I'm not seeing any compelling reason why TLS-WG=
 should take it on
>=20
> +1 to all EKR said.

Same here.

S

>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> TLS mailing list
> TLS@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/tls
>=20

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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2019 06:18:23 -0800
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To: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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On Thu, Feb 28, 2019 at 5:51 AM Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
wrote:

>
> Hiya,
>
> On 28/02/2019 13:12, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> >> That's what leads me to think that we'd be better off
> >> to have multi-valued answers when a browser looks up
> >> the RRset at _esni.www.example.com with each separate
> >> value matching one ESNI public share (or one CDN,
> >> though I'd argue for one share per zone file stanza).
> >>
> > I don't really understand your point, because this *is* the expected
> > design.
> >
>
> Seems one of us is confused then, likely me:-)
>
> Lemme try clarify it out this way:
>
> $ dig +short txt _esni.cloudflare.com
> "/wEXMtleACQAHQAgsKfk/Hy67PiJCb68AVrT
> C5jXkYnJK5UKCHcF4BAojAwAAhMBAQQAAAAAX
> HPm0AAAAABce8/QAAA="
>
> That's one encoded ESNIKeys value accessed just now.
>
> The ietf.org domain has two TXT RR values, (actual content
> elided below for brevity) so I get:
>
> $ dig +short txt ietf.org
> "somegooglestuff"
> "lotsofspfstuff"
>
> What I'd like to see for my earlier example.com case would
> be like:
>
> $ dig +short txt _esni.www.example.com
> "/wEXMtleACQAHQAgsKfk/Hy67PiJCb68AVrT
> C5jXkYnJK5UKCHcF4BAojAwAAhMBAQQAAAAAX
> HPm0AAAAABce8/QAAA="
> "/wHHBBOoACQAHQAg4YSfjSyJPNr1z3F8KqzB
> NBnMejim0mJZaPmria3XsicAAhMBAQQAAAAAW
> 9pQEAAAAABb4jkQAAA="
>
> Where the first is supplied to me by cdn1.example and the
> second is from cdn2.example.
>

> And have browsers and other ESNI clients be able to handle
> that, picking whatever they consider the best of the usable
> options presented.
>

My understanding is that this is problematic for DNS reasons, namely that
you are supposed to concatenate the records, and that we definitely need a
way to go above 255 bytes. But I'm no DNS expert and if there's a way to
have both of these, then I have no problem with it.


(And assuming we are: I'd subsequently suggest we can
> simplify ESNIKeys so that it just has one KeyShareEntry per
> RR value and not a list of those, since multiples for one
> CDN or many CDNs can be handled already as above.


Yes, I believe you've made this suggestion before, and I opposed it for the
same reason I oppose it now. While technically possible, it requires you to
duplicate everything else in the entry, which is bad, and worse the more
other stuff you put in the record (for instance, the public name).

-Ekr


I think
> making that change, and perhaps other simplifying changes,
> at the same time as moving from TXT to a new RRTYPE would
> be a fine thing, but there's no pressing need to make all
> those changes for the -03 draft or in #137 though, I'd be
> happy if we're heading there a little later.)
>
> Cheers,
> S.
>

--000000000000cde2220582f4f855
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
<div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Thu, Feb 28, 2019 at 5:51 AM Steph=
en Farrell &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie">stephen.farrell=
@cs.tcd.ie</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=
=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding=
-left:1ex"><br>
Hiya,<br>
<br>
On 28/02/2019 13:12, Eric Rescorla wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt; That&#39;s what leads me to think that we&#39;d be better off<br>
&gt;&gt; to have multi-valued answers when a browser looks up<br>
&gt;&gt; the RRset at _<a href=3D"http://esni.www.example.com" rel=3D"noref=
errer" target=3D"_blank">esni.www.example.com</a> with each separate<br>
&gt;&gt; value matching one ESNI public share (or one CDN,<br>
&gt;&gt; though I&#39;d argue for one share per zone file stanza).<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt; I don&#39;t really understand your point, because this *is* the expect=
ed<br>
&gt; design.<br>
&gt; <br>
<br>
Seems one of us is confused then, likely me:-)<br>
<br>
Lemme try clarify it out this way:<br>
<br>
$ dig +short txt _<a href=3D"http://esni.cloudflare.com" rel=3D"noreferrer"=
 target=3D"_blank">esni.cloudflare.com</a><br>
&quot;/wEXMtleACQAHQAgsKfk/Hy67PiJCb68AVrT<br>
C5jXkYnJK5UKCHcF4BAojAwAAhMBAQQAAAAAX<br>
HPm0AAAAABce8/QAAA=3D&quot;<br>
<br>
That&#39;s one encoded ESNIKeys value accessed just now.<br>
<br>
The <a href=3D"http://ietf.org" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">ietf.o=
rg</a> domain has two TXT RR values, (actual content<br>
elided below for brevity) so I get:<br>
<br>
$ dig +short txt <a href=3D"http://ietf.org" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_=
blank">ietf.org</a><br>
&quot;somegooglestuff&quot;<br>
&quot;lotsofspfstuff&quot;<br>
<br>
What I&#39;d like to see for my earlier <a href=3D"http://example.com" rel=
=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">example.com</a> case would<br>
be like:<br>
<br>
$ dig +short txt _<a href=3D"http://esni.www.example.com" rel=3D"noreferrer=
" target=3D"_blank">esni.www.example.com</a><br>
&quot;/wEXMtleACQAHQAgsKfk/Hy67PiJCb68AVrT<br>
C5jXkYnJK5UKCHcF4BAojAwAAhMBAQQAAAAAX<br>
HPm0AAAAABce8/QAAA=3D&quot;<br>
&quot;/wHHBBOoACQAHQAg4YSfjSyJPNr1z3F8KqzB<br>
NBnMejim0mJZaPmria3XsicAAhMBAQQAAAAAW<br>
9pQEAAAAABb4jkQAAA=3D&quot;<br>
<br>
Where the first is supplied to me by cdn1.example and the<br>
second is from cdn2.example.<br></blockquote><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quo=
te" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204=
);padding-left:1ex">
<br>
And have browsers and other ESNI clients be able to handle<br>
that, picking whatever they consider the best of the usable<br>
options presented.<br>
</blockquote><div><br></div><div>My understanding is that this is problemat=
ic for DNS reasons, namely that you are supposed to concatenate the records=
, and that we definitely need a way to go above 255 bytes. But I&#39;m no D=
NS expert and if there&#39;s a way to have both of these, then I have no pr=
oblem with it.<br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><blockquote class=3D"=
gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(20=
4,204,204);padding-left:1ex">(And assuming we are: I&#39;d subsequently sug=
gest we can<br>
simplify ESNIKeys so that it just has one KeyShareEntry per<br>
RR value and not a list of those, since multiples for one<br>
CDN or many CDNs can be handled already as above. </blockquote><div><br></d=
iv><div>Yes, I believe you&#39;ve made this suggestion before, and I oppose=
d it for the same reason I oppose it now. While technically possible, it re=
quires you to duplicate everything else in the entry, which is bad, and wor=
se the more other stuff you put in the record (for instance, the public nam=
e).<br></div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><b=
lockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-le=
ft:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">I think<br>
making that change, and perhaps other simplifying changes,<br>
at the same time as moving from TXT to a new RRTYPE would<br>
be a fine thing, but there&#39;s no pressing need to make all<br>
those changes for the -03 draft or in #137 though, I&#39;d be<br>
happy if we&#39;re heading there a little later.)<br>
<br>
Cheers,<br>
S.<br>
</blockquote></div></div>

--000000000000cde2220582f4f855--


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To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
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From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
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Message-ID: <1a45b9f6-1131-b07e-0d53-7b790a2709e3@cs.tcd.ie>
Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2019 14:42:43 +0000
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/8nXLtRmo-IslTWxpSEbxLNvFZzg>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
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This is an OpenPGP/MIME signed message (RFC 4880 and 3156)
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Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="CFwfRkN0YNKLTSM96rNJFKlIMxx6vFXtI";
 protected-headers="v1"
From: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Cc: Christopher Wood <christopherwood07@gmail.com>,
 "<tls@ietf.org>" <tls@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <1a45b9f6-1131-b07e-0d53-7b790a2709e3@cs.tcd.ie>
Subject: Re: [TLS] Two Multi-CDN proposals
References: <CAO8oSX=sPoLo78oX4qEEyeuck7CxM_uAqYPHEsY7BuYqBUaorg@mail.gmail.com>
 <0b19d021-8101-23ee-2899-450d103a8906@cs.tcd.ie>
 <CABcZeBN0mf7VFCKKdg9gH0=tCS7eLZz6M5_WJdaNG7XrJeyESw@mail.gmail.com>
 <0b854704-8f93-f9ad-c067-67f7f73cbbbf@cs.tcd.ie>
 <CABcZeBM61u=DtjQh+NkQF47MLyZS4EyuGBjDnsfjxz-z5kfjoQ@mail.gmail.com>
 <1eaaebf3-6e8a-ae84-0ab3-f977295c0721@cs.tcd.ie>
 <CABcZeBMeiCa8CGqab9cUH0ydOqBJKcALuA41ToAjJ1qFirrtDQ@mail.gmail.com>
 <99af33f1-81d0-d918-9746-568d6ad0c1f0@cs.tcd.ie>
 <CABcZeBNVVQ4GEsr7LM+0osbtugLRrF8UW+6eX-WH4UDu32UKNA@mail.gmail.com>
In-Reply-To: <CABcZeBNVVQ4GEsr7LM+0osbtugLRrF8UW+6eX-WH4UDu32UKNA@mail.gmail.com>

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Hiya,

On 28/02/2019 14:18, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> My understanding is that this is problematic for DNS reasons, namely th=
at
> you are supposed to concatenate the records, and that we definitely nee=
d a
> way to go above 255 bytes. But I'm no DNS expert and if there's a way t=
o
> have both of these, then I have no problem with it.

Cool.

And same here wrt DNS expertise, but we can find some of
that I expect:-)

Cheers,
S.


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From: John Mattsson <john.mattsson@ericsson.com>
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Subject: Re: [TLS] Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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From nobody Thu Feb 28 08:56:35 2019
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Subject: [TLS] I-D Action: draft-ietf-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk-00.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Transport Layer Security WG of the IETF.

        Title           : TLS 1.3 Extension for Certificate-based Authentication with an External Pre-Shared Key
        Author          : Russ Housley
	Filename        : draft-ietf-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk-00.txt
	Pages           : 10
	Date            : 2019-02-28

Abstract:
   This document specifies a TLS 1.3 extension that allows a server to
   authenticate with a combination of a certificate and an external pre-
   shared key (PSK).


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk/

There are also htmlized versions available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk-00
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-tls-tls13-cert-with-extern-psk-00


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/tXE2acgzeI3UrMhNDAo3KKnXR2s>
Subject: Re: [TLS] EXTERNAL: Re:  Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/Tay4bIpo_d-jlTNZVclpZxbE54Q>
Subject: Re: [TLS] EXTERNAL: Re:  Authentication Only Ciphersuites RFC
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