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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #56 (rfc6962-bis): "*" domain labels MUST NOT be redacted
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#56: "*" domain labels MUST NOT be redacted


Comment (by rob.stradling@comodo.com):

 The current text of 6962-bis says:
 'When creating a Precertificate, the CA MAY substitute one or more of the
 complete leftmost labels in each DNS-ID with the literal string
 "(PRIVATE)".'

 On the mailing list we considered relaxing the "complete" and/or
 "leftmost" requirements, but everyone seems to agree that both of these
 requirements should remain.

 Peter Bowen suggests that...
 '...if the left most label is exactly "*", then it is considered redacted
 for the purposes of determining if the label to the right may be redacted.
 That would allow *.?.?.example.com to be an allowable redaction.'

 (Note: Peter's example assumes that we will change the redaction label
 from "(PRIVATE)" to "?", as proposed in ticket #54).

-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  rob.stradling@comodo.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect                   |      Status:  new
 Priority:  major                    |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |     Version:
 Severity:  -                        |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                           |
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/56#comment:1>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #54 (rfc6962-bis): Simplify name redaction
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On 31/01/15 01:58, Peter Bowen wrote:
> On Fri, Jan 30, 2015 at 2:16 PM, Jeremy Rowley
> <jeremy.rowley@digicert.com> wrote:
>> My idea isn't fully formed yet, but...
>>
>> Wildcard certs are more risky than normal certs since the CA doesn't know exactly what they are securing.  All they know is the secured base level domain.  Therefore, I think the public has a strong interest in knowing when a wildcard cert was issued v. a standard FQDN cert.  However, I'm not sure there's much more risk to end certificate requester - they still know everything that's been issued for their domain.  It certainly doesn't make life easier for the CT operator or CA, but it gives important information to the relying parties looking at certs.  If they look up a cert in the CT log, they'll be able to easily identify if the entire domain is secured by the same, logged cert.
>
> I was thinking similarly.  I propose that labels containing a "*" may
> not be redacted, as the "*" effectively is redaction.

http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/56

> Additionally,
> if the left most label is exactly "*", then it is considered redacted
> for the purposes of determining if the label to the right may be
> redacted. That would allow *.?.?.example.com to be an allowable
> redaction.

Good idea.  I've noted this suggestion on ticket #56.  Thanks Peter.

> I would also recommend that the right most two labels AND any labels
> making up a "public suffix" not be allowed to be redacted.  I'm not
> sure if this should go into 6962bis or the policy of clients,
> auditors, and monitors, but the redacting these effectively nullifies
> the reason for CT as far as I'm concerned.

That's what this section of the I-D attempts to address:

7.3.  Redaction of Public Domain Name Labels

    CAs SHOULD NOT redact domain name labels in Precertificates to the
    extent that domain name ownership becomes unclear (e.g.
    "(PRIVATE).com" and "(PRIVATE).co.uk" would both be problematic).
    Logs MUST NOT reject any Precertificate that is overly redacted but
    which is otherwise considered compliant.  It is expected that
    monitors will treat overly redacted Precertificates as potentially
    misissued.  TLS clients MAY reject a certificate whose corresponding
    Precertificate would be overly redacted.

-- 
Rob Stradling
Senior Research & Development Scientist
COMODO - Creating Trust Online


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On 31/01/15 02:18, Peter Bowen wrote:
> Nor do I think we want a ?.mil  or ?.pvt.k12.ma.us logged.  The former
> is technically valid, as mil is not a public suffix, rather it is a
> registered name

Er, .mil is a public suffix. Check the public suffix list. :-)

Gerv


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #54 (rfc6962-bis): Simplify name redaction
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On Feb 2, 2015 2:35 AM, "Gervase Markham" <gerv@mozilla.org> wrote:
>
> On 31/01/15 02:18, Peter Bowen wrote:
> > Nor do I think we want a ?.mil  or ?.pvt.k12.ma.us logged.  The former
> > is technically valid, as mil is not a public suffix, rather it is a
> > registered name
>
> Er, .mil is a public suffix. Check the public suffix list. :-)
>

I know what the list says.  This is not rally a core topic for this
WG/list.  Is there a list for PSL discussion?

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<p dir=3D"ltr"><br>
On Feb 2, 2015 2:35 AM, &quot;Gervase Markham&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:g=
erv@mozilla.org">gerv@mozilla.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; On 31/01/15 02:18, Peter Bowen wrote:<br>
&gt; &gt; Nor do I think we want a ?.mil=C2=A0 or ?.<a href=3D"http://pvt.k=
12.ma.us">pvt.k12.ma.us</a> logged.=C2=A0 The former<br>
&gt; &gt; is technically valid, as mil is not a public suffix, rather it is=
 a<br>
&gt; &gt; registered name<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Er, .mil is a public suffix. Check the public suffix list. :-)<br>
&gt;</p>
<p dir=3D"ltr">I know what the list says.=C2=A0 This is not rally a core to=
pic for this WG/list.=C2=A0 Is there a list for PSL discussion?<br>
</p>

--001a11363c6a7aa7e0050e1be47c--


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #54 (rfc6962-bis): Simplify name redaction
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On 02/02/15 14:37, Peter Bowen wrote:
> On Feb 2, 2015 2:35 AM, "Gervase Markham" <gerv@mozilla.org> wrote:
>>
>> On 31/01/15 02:18, Peter Bowen wrote:
>>> Nor do I think we want a ?.mil  or ?.pvt.k12.ma.us logged.  The former
>>> is technically valid, as mil is not a public suffix, rather it is a
>>> registered name
>>
>> Er, .mil is a public suffix. Check the public suffix list. :-)
>>
> 
> I know what the list says.  This is not rally a core topic for this
> WG/list.  Is there a list for PSL discussion?

Not exactly, but the currently-being-chartered dbound wg [1]
list [2] is probably the closest IETF list. I'd expect there's a
better list elsewhere specifically for the PSL

S.

[1] https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/charter-ietf-dbound/
[2] https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dbound


> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
> 


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On 02/02/15 14:37, Peter Bowen wrote:
> I know what the list says.  This is not rally a core topic for this
> WG/list.  Is there a list for PSL discussion?

No; if you want to propose the removal or reclassification of .mil,
email submissions@publicsuffix.org. We would open a bug in
bugzilla.mozilla.org.

Gerv


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On Mon, Feb 2, 2015 at 11:02 AM, Gervase Markham <gerv@mozilla.org> wrote:
> On 02/02/15 14:37, Peter Bowen wrote:
>> I know what the list says.  This is not rally a core topic for this
>> WG/list.  Is there a list for PSL discussion?
>
> No; if you want to propose the removal or reclassification of .mil,
> email submissions@publicsuffix.org. We would open a bug in
> bugzilla.mozilla.org.

https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1128673


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #40 (rfc6962-bis): Auditor behavior
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#40: Auditor behavior

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 Fixed in https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/commit/6076dccaadfcd70af8f6ce3aa725aacd6e8f553e.

-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  kent@bbn.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  critical     |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |     Version:
 Severity:  -            |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/40#comment:2>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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From: Ben Laurie <benl@google.com>
To: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
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Subject: Re: [Trans] SCT encoding
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--001a113a69f8276148050e56a220
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On 12 December 2014 at 20:53, Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com> wrote:

> Ben,
>
>  On 11 December 2014 at 16:50, Paul Wouters<paul@nohats.ca>  wrote:
>>
>>> On Thu, 11 Dec 2014, Melinda Shore wrote:
>>>
>>>  One of the open issues (ticket 34:
>>>> https://tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/34)
>>>> concerns SCT syntax, with Steve Kent arguing that either ASN.1 should
>>>> be used or that there needs to be a clearer justification for the
>>>> choice of 5246 representation (see RFC 5246, section 4).  We need to
>>>> come to a decision whether or not to go ahead and carry forward what's
>>>> in 6962 (the TLS format).  This is a call for discussion - we'd really
>>>> like to close this in the next week or so.
>>>>
>>> See also Ben's slide deck from IETF-91 (slide 6 & 7)
>>>
>>> http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/91/slides/slides-91-trans-4.pdf
>>>
>>> And the raw minutes (look for "slides-91-trans-4.pdf" in the text)
>>>
>>> http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/91/minutes/minutes-91-trans
>>>
>>> Ben has argued that SCT's appear only as TLS structures or DER format,
>>> and prefers the TLS structure as the DER format is used with OCSP only.
>>>
>> Actually, also used in certs.
>>
> Yes, but when used in certs (and OCSP responses) the SCT will be in
> an ASN.1 encoded context.
>
>> Steve has argued against that since two of the three formats are ASN.1.
>>>
>> That's not really an argument. My argument is that in ten years' time
>> almost all CT info will be transmitted as TLS extensions.
>>
> I think mine is a very valid argument based on the fact that 6962-bis
> proposed 3 ways to convey the same data and did not explain why we need
> all three ways. Your argument above says that CAs will (essentially) cease
> logging pre-certs, after having rewritten their code to do so to meet
> Google's mandate for EV certs and Chrome acceptance in early 2015. This
> seems
> like a questionable projection to me, but maybe there are other details
> that
> lead you to this conclusion, but which you have mot shared. Can you
> elaborate
> on why you anticipate such a change? (The analysis should be on the list,
> to
> facilitate discussion, but it also belongs in the document if the WG elects
> to retain the 5246 encoding convention.)
>

My thinking is that:

1. There is concern, generally, about the size of certificates (really
about the size of handshakes).

2. Embedding SCTs in certs leads to more bloat than either OCSP stapling or
the TLS extension because the SCTs cannot be updated, and so more are
required (see Chrome's EV/CT policy).

3. Embedding SCTs in certs runs the risk that the SCTs will become invalid
before the cert does.

4. Certs are not generally updated before expiry.

5. Stapled OCSP requires the CA, the webserver and the CT logs to be
actively involved.

6. The TLS extension only requires the webserver and the CT logs to be
actively involved.

7. All three mechanisms can be made essentially automatic from the
webservers POV.

So, I would expect in the long run that the TLS extension would be the
favoured option.

--001a113a69f8276148050e56a220
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quo=
te">On 12 December 2014 at 20:53, Stephen Kent <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a hre=
f=3D"mailto:kent@bbn.com" target=3D"_blank">kent@bbn.com</a>&gt;</span> wro=
te:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-=
left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Ben,<span class=3D""><br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
On 11 December 2014 at 16:50, Paul Wouters&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:paul@nohats=
.ca" target=3D"_blank">paul@nohats.ca</a>&gt;=C2=A0 wrote:<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
On Thu, 11 Dec 2014, Melinda Shore wrote:<br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
One of the open issues (ticket 34:<br>
<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/34" target=3D"_blank=
">https://tools.ietf.org/wg/<u></u>trans/trac/ticket/34</a>)<br>
concerns SCT syntax, with Steve Kent arguing that either ASN.1 should<br>
be used or that there needs to be a clearer justification for the<br>
choice of 5246 representation (see RFC 5246, section 4).=C2=A0 We need to<b=
r>
come to a decision whether or not to go ahead and carry forward what&#39;s<=
br>
in 6962 (the TLS format).=C2=A0 This is a call for discussion - we&#39;d re=
ally<br>
like to close this in the next week or so.<br>
</blockquote>
See also Ben&#39;s slide deck from IETF-91 (slide 6 &amp; 7)<br>
<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/91/slides/slides-91-trans-4.pdf"=
 target=3D"_blank">http://www.ietf.org/<u></u>proceedings/91/slides/slides-=
<u></u>91-trans-4.pdf</a><br>
<br>
And the raw minutes (look for &quot;slides-91-trans-4.pdf&quot; in the text=
)<br>
<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/91/minutes/minutes-91-trans" tar=
get=3D"_blank">http://www.ietf.org/<u></u>proceedings/91/minutes/<u></u>min=
utes-91-trans</a><br>
<br>
Ben has argued that SCT&#39;s appear only as TLS structures or DER format,<=
br>
and prefers the TLS structure as the DER format is used with OCSP only.<br>
</blockquote>
Actually, also used in certs.<br>
</blockquote></span>
Yes, but when used in certs (and OCSP responses) the SCT will be in<br>
an ASN.1 encoded context.<span class=3D""><br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"m=
argin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
Steve has argued against that since two of the three formats are ASN.1.<br>
</blockquote>
That&#39;s not really an argument. My argument is that in ten years&#39; ti=
me<br>
almost all CT info will be transmitted as TLS extensions.<br>
</blockquote></span>
I think mine is a very valid argument based on the fact that 6962-bis<br>
proposed 3 ways to convey the same data and did not explain why we need<br>
all three ways. Your argument above says that CAs will (essentially) cease<=
br>
logging pre-certs, after having rewritten their code to do so to meet<br>
Google&#39;s mandate for EV certs and Chrome acceptance in early 2015. This=
 seems<br>
like a questionable projection to me, but maybe there are other details tha=
t<br>
lead you to this conclusion, but which you have mot shared. Can you elabora=
te<br>
on why you anticipate such a change? (The analysis should be on the list, t=
o<br>
facilitate discussion, but it also belongs in the document if the WG elects=
<br>
to retain the 5246 encoding convention.)<br></blockquote><div><br></div><di=
v>My thinking is that:</div><div><br></div><div>1. There is concern, genera=
lly, about the size of certificates (really about the size of handshakes).<=
/div><div><br></div><div>2. Embedding SCTs in certs leads to more bloat tha=
n either OCSP stapling or the TLS extension because the SCTs cannot be upda=
ted, and so more are required (see Chrome&#39;s EV/CT policy).</div><div><b=
r></div><div>3. Embedding SCTs in certs runs the risk that the SCTs will be=
come invalid before the cert does.</div><div><br></div><div>4. Certs are no=
t generally updated before expiry.</div><div><br></div><div>5. Stapled OCSP=
 requires the CA, the webserver and the CT logs to be actively involved.</d=
iv><div><br></div><div>6. The TLS extension only requires the webserver and=
 the CT logs to be actively involved.</div><div><br></div><div>7. All three=
 mechanisms can be made essentially automatic from the webservers POV.</div=
><div><br></div><div>So, I would expect in the long run that the TLS extens=
ion would be the favoured option.</div><div><br></div></div></div></div>

--001a113a69f8276148050e56a220--


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Subject: Re: [Trans] SCT encoding
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On 5 January 2015 at 15:42, Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com> wrote:

> Ben,
>
> Happy New year!
>
>  ...
>> Because of the risk of logs becoming untrusted, SCTs in certificates
>> may become invalid before the certificate expires, effectively
>> terminating the cert early.
>>
> If a log becomes untrusted then the cert is "invalid" only for the
> set of clients who relied upon that log. It may be that the cert was
> fine and the log was misbehaving with respect to other certs. So
> the term "invalid" is not quite appropriate here, in the usual PKI sense.
>
>> You can mitigate this to some extent by including many SCTs, but its
>> clearly better/safer to use SCTs that are retrieved "live" so that you
>> can always be sure they're valid.
>>
> I agree that this would be preferable.
>
>> This requires either OCSP stapling or the TLS extension. Using the TLS
>> extension puts updating the SCTs in the control of the site operator,
>> which seems like the best way forward.
>>
> Maybe. I've been told that site operators are not always very reliable
> when it comes to maintenance issues. Also, I believe you argued that it
> was critical to put SCTs in certs because it would take a very long time
> for site operators to update their software to trans,it SCTs. So, is your
> argument that, over time, the vast majority of site operators will
> go to the effort of getting an SCT for their web certs and transmit it
> instead of just using the SCT that is already embedded in the same certs?
>

My argument is that over time servers will deal with SCTs automatically and
CAs will stop including SCTs (at least optionally) as a result.

--001a11c2a3483adf8a050e56b484
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quo=
te">On 5 January 2015 at 15:42, Stephen Kent <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=
=3D"mailto:kent@bbn.com" target=3D"_blank">kent@bbn.com</a>&gt;</span> wrot=
e:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-l=
eft:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Ben,<br>
<br>
Happy New year!<br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
...<span class=3D""><br>
Because of the risk of logs becoming untrusted, SCTs in certificates<br>
may become invalid before the certificate expires, effectively<br>
terminating the cert early.<br>
</span></blockquote>
If a log becomes untrusted then the cert is &quot;invalid&quot; only for th=
e<br>
set of clients who relied upon that log. It may be that the cert was<br>
fine and the log was misbehaving with respect to other certs. So<br>
the term &quot;invalid&quot; is not quite appropriate here, in the usual PK=
I sense.<span class=3D""><br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
You can mitigate this to some extent by including many SCTs, but its<br>
clearly better/safer to use SCTs that are retrieved &quot;live&quot; so tha=
t you<br>
can always be sure they&#39;re valid.<br>
</blockquote></span>
I agree that this would be preferable.<span class=3D""><br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
This requires either OCSP stapling or the TLS extension. Using the TLS<br>
extension puts updating the SCTs in the control of the site operator,<br>
which seems like the best way forward.<br>
</blockquote></span>
Maybe. I&#39;ve been told that site operators are not always very reliable<=
br>
when it comes to maintenance issues. Also, I believe you argued that it<br>
was critical to put SCTs in certs because it would take a very long time<br=
>
for site operators to update their software to trans,it SCTs. So, is your<b=
r>
argument that, over time, the vast majority of site operators will<br>
go to the effort of getting an SCT for their web certs and transmit it<br>
instead of just using the SCT that is already embedded in the same certs?<b=
r></blockquote><div><br></div><div>My argument is that over time servers wi=
ll deal with SCTs automatically and CAs will stop including SCTs (at least =
optionally) as a result.</div><div><br></div></div></div></div>

--001a11c2a3483adf8a050e56b484--


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On 22 January 2015 at 16:48, Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com> wrote:

>  updated to reflect dropping TLS client behavior specs, no gossip protoco=
l
> yet defined,
> and no stand-alone Auditors.
>
> comments welcome, but I'm abut to head off on vacation, so I won't be abl=
e
> to respond immediately
>
> Steve
>  ------
>
> *XX*. Attack Model and Discussion of Detection and Mitigation Options
>
>
>
> Certificate mis-issuance may arise in one of several ways. The ways that
> CT enables a Subject (or others) to detect and redress mis-issuance depen=
ds
> on the context and the entities involved in the mis-issuance. This attack
> model applies to the Web PKI context. If CT is applied to other contexts,
> each will require its own attack model, although most of the model
> described here is likely to be applicable.
>
>
>
> Certificates are issued by CAs, so the top level differentiation is
> whether the CA that mis-issued a certificate did so maliciously or not. I=
f
> not, then the next point of differentiation is whether the mis-issuance w=
as
> the result of an error, an attack, or malicious behavior by a CA. In the
> case of an attack or malicious behavior by a CA, it is necessary to
> consider whether the certificate was logged. If the certificate was logge=
d,
> it is necessary to consider whether the log(s) may have conspired with th=
e
> attacker. Finally, one must consider the possibility that a third party
> Monitor might collude with an attacker (or a malicious CA). Here=E2=80=99=
s an
> taxonomy of attacks and assumptions about the attack environment:
>
> 1. CA
>
> a. Non-malicious CA
>
>                                                                         i=
.
> Error
>
>                                                                      ii.
> Attack victim
>
> 1. Certificate logged
>
> a. Benign log
>
>
> i.   Self-monitor
>
>
>                                               ii.   Benign 3rd party
> Monitor
>
>
>                                             iii.   Conspiring 3rd party
> Monitor
>
> b. Conspiring log
>
> 2. Certificate not logged
>
> b. Malicious CA
>
>                                                                i.   Certi=
ficate
> logged
>
> 1. Benign log
>
> a. Self-monitor
>
> b. Benign 3rd party Monitor
>
> c. Conspiring 3rd party Monitor
>
> 2. Conspiring log
>
>                                         ii.   Certificate not logged
>
>
>
>
>
> The following sections examine each of these cases, for both syntactic an=
d
> semantic mis-issuance. As noted above, the focus here is on the Web PKI
> context, although most of the analysis is applicable to other PKI context=
s.
>
>
>
>
>
> *XX*.1 Non-malicious Web PKI CA context
>
>
>
> If a pre-certificate is submitted to a log, prior to issuance of a
> certificate, syntactic mis-issuance can (optionally) be detected, and
> noted. This will happen only if the log performs syntactic checks in
> general, and if the log is capable of performing the checks applicable to
> the submitted (pre-) certificate. (A pre-certificate will be logged even =
if
> it fails syntactic validation, thus logging takes precedence over detecti=
on
> of syntactic mis-issuance.) If syntactic validation fails, this will be
> noted in the SCT returned to the CA. Because this case assumes a
> non-malicious CA, the CA will remedy the syntactic problem and re-submit
> the pre-certificate to a log. In this case syntactic checking by a log
> helps avoid issuance of a malformed certificate.
>
>
>
> If a certificate is submitted by its Subject, we assume that the Subject
> will contact the issuer and request a new certificate if a log indicates
> that the certificate failed the applicable syntactic check. Here too
> syntactic checking by a log enables a Subject to be informed that its
> certificate is malformed and thus may hasten issuance of a replacement
> certificate.
>
>
>
> If the certificate was submitted by a third party, that party might
> contact the Subject or the issuer, but because the party is not the Subje=
ct
> of the certificate it is not clear how the issuer will respond.
>
>
>
> Bottom line: Syntactic mis-issuance of a certificate can be avoided by a
> CA if it makes use of logs that are capable of performing these checks fo=
r
> the types of certificates that are submitted, and if the CA acts on the
> feedback it receives. If a CA uses a log that does not perform such check=
s,
> or if the CA requests checking relative to criteria not supported by the
> log, then syntactic mis-issuance will not be detected or avoided by this
> mechanism. Syntactic mis-issuance can be remedied if a Subject submits a
> certificate to a log that performs syntactic checks, and if the Subject
> requests the issuer to fix problems detected by the log. (The issuer is
> presumed to be willing to re-issue the certificate, correcting any
> problems, because the CA is not malicious.)
>

Note that there's nothing special about the log here: anyone can detect
syntactic mis-issuance by simply feeding the certificate to an appropriate
tool.


>
>
> *XX*.1.1 A CA may issue the certificate to an unauthorized party
> (semantic mis-issuance), as a result of an error or because it was the
> victim of a social engineering attack.
>
We will refer to such a certificate as =E2=80=9Cbogus=E2=80=9D. In this cas=
e the CA has a
> record of the bogus certificate and it is prepared to revoke the bogus
> certificate once it has confirmed its error. If the CA is submitting (pre=
-)
> certificates for logging, there will be evidence of the mis-issuance in o=
ne
> or more logs. If a Monitor is =E2=80=9Cprotecting=E2=80=9D the affected S=
ubject, it will
> detect the mis-issuance, and will alert the Subject. Because the CA has a
> record of the mis-issuance, it should be able to revoke the bogus
> certificate, after investigating, based on the information provided by th=
e
> legitimate certificate Subject. The presence of an embedded SCT in the
> bogus certificate, or an SCT accompanying the bogus certificate is
> irrelevant to the mitigation procedure in this case. (See Note 1 below.)
> Because the mis-issuance was not malicious, there is no notion of a log
> operator or a Monitor conspiring with the CA.
>

>
> *XX*.1.2 A non-malicious Web PKI CA may be the victim of an undetected
> attack (c.f., DigiNotar [cite]) which results in semantic mis-issuance of=
 a
> certificate. In this case the CA is not aware of the mis-issuance and may
> have no record of the certificate content.
>
>
>
> *XX*.1.2.1 The mis-issued certificate may have been submitted to one or
> more logs prior to issuance, to acquire an embedded SCT, or post-issuance
> to acquire a standalone SCT. In either case, a Monitor that is protecting
> the targeted Subject will detect the bogus certificate and can alert the
> Subject. The Subject, in turn, will request the CA to revoke the bogus
> certificate. In this case, the CA will make use of the log entry (supplie=
d
> by the Subject) to determine the serial number of the mis-issued
> certificate, and revoke it (after investigation). (See Notes 1 + 2.) *Sin=
ce
> there is no requirement for a TLS client to reject a certificate when no
> SCT is provided, the preferred strategy for an attacker is to not log bog=
us
> certificates*. (See XX.1.2.2 and Note 3.)
>

The lack of a requirement for rejection does not mean that popular TLS
clients will not reject. As you know, Chrome will shortly stop showing EV
indicators for EV certs without valid SCTs, even though there is no
requirement to do so.

It seems to me a more accurate analysis would be along the lines of:

*"If TLS clients do not reject certificates or otherwise notify users when
no SCT is provided, the preferred strategy for an attacker is to not log
bogus certificates*. (See XX.1.2.2 and Note 3.)."



>
>
> *XX*.1.2.2 The bogus certificate may not have been submitted to any logs.
> In this case, Monitors will not detect the bogus certificate. *Since TLS
> clients are not required to reject a certificate that lacks (or is not
> accompanied by) an SCT, or even to notify a user in such situations, the
> attacker will not be thwarted in this case.* (See Note 3.)
>

See above.


>
>
> XX.1.2.3 The bogus certificate may have been submitted to logs that are
> conspiring with the attacker. In this case, Monitors will not detect the
> bogus certificate because the logs will suppress a bogus certificate log
> entry. TLS clients will not reject a bogus certificate in this case,
> because it is accompanied by an SCT. In this scenario, unless Monitors
> =E2=80=9Cgossip=E2=80=9D to detect conspiring logs, the bogus certificate=
 will not be
> detected. *Because there are no requirements for such gossiping, an
> attack of this sort can succeed based on the current CT design.*
>

Again, lack of requirement does not imply lack of implementation. Again, I
would suggest this should be phrased conditionally.


>
>
> XX.1.2.4 If a semantically bogus certificate is submitted to
> non-conspiring logs, a Subject performing self-monitoring will be able to
> detect the bogus certificate and request revocation.
>

Not sure of the relevance of "non-conspiring" here?



> If a Subject relies on a third-party Monitor, and that Monitor conspires
> with the attacker, the Subject will not be alerted and thus will not
> request revocation.
>
>
>
>
>
> *XX*.2 Malicious Web PKI CA context
>
>
>
> *XX*.2.1 If a (pre-) certificate is submitted to a (non-conspiring) log,
> syntactic mis-issuance can be detected, and noted. This will happen only =
if
> the log performs syntactic checks in general, and if the log is capable o=
f
> performing the checks applicable to the submitted certificate. A (pre-)
> certificate will be logged even if it fails syntactic validation, thus
> logging takes precedence over detection of syntactic mis-issuance.
>
>
>
> Because the CA is presumed to be malicious, the CA may cause the log to
> not perform checks, in one of several ways.
>
> 1.           The CA may assert that the certificate is being issued w/o
> regard to any guidelines (the =E2=80=9Cno guidelines=E2=80=9D reserved CC=
ID).
>
> 2.           The CA may assert a CCID that has not been registered, and
> thus no log will be able to perform a check.
>
> 3.           the CA may check to see which CCIDs a log declares it can
> check, and chose a registered CCID that is not checked by the log in
> question. In this fashion the CA can prevent the log from performing
> checks, and the SCT and log entry will not contain an indication of a
> failed check.
>
> 4.           The CA may submit a (pre-) certificate to a log that is
> known to not perform any syntactic checks, and thus avoid syntactic
> checking.
>
>
>
> *Since there is no requirement that a TLS client can be configured to
> reject a certificate that has not been syntactically checked (as indicate=
d
> by the SCT), a malicious CA need not worry about failing a log-based chec=
k.
> Similarly, *
>
> *since there is no requirement for a TLS client to reject a certificate
> that was logged by an operator that does not perform syntactic checks, th=
e
> fourth approach noted above will succeed as well*. If a client were
> configured to know which versions of certificate types are applicable to
> its use of a certificate, the second and third strategies noted above cou=
ld
> be thwarted.
>

Again, the log has no special role to play in the detection of syntactic
errors: TLS clients that wish to reject such certificates can do so
unaided. Indeed, I would've thought conformance to existing RFCs would
imply such behaviour - and if they don't, surely CT is not the place to fix
that?

>
>
> *XX*.2.2 Because the CA is presumed malicious, it may choose to not
> submit a certificate to a log. This avoids detection of syntactic
> mis-issuance by a log, but it also means there is no SCT for the
> certificate. *Since there is no requirement for a TLS client to reject a
> certificate that lacks (or is not accompanied by) an SCT, this form of
> mis-issuance will succeed. (See Note 3.)*
>

See above (both on requirements and on CT's role in syntax).


>
>
> *XX*.2.3 A malicious CA may submit a certificate to one or more logs that
> collude with this CA to not perform syntactic checks, even though they
> claim to do so. In this case syntactic mis-issuance will not be detected =
by
> logs.  The log entry and the SCT for a syntactically invalid certificate
> will assert that the certificate syntax was verified. Unless Monitors als=
o
> perform syntactic checks, this form of mis-issuance will not be thwarted.
> TLS clients will believe that the certificate has been syntactically
> verified.
>

Why would they believe that, given there's no requirement to do such
verification?


>
>
> *XX*.2.4 A malicious CA may semantically mis-issue a certificate that is
> syntactically valid. Because it is syntactically valid, logs will not mar=
k
> the bogus certificate as failing a syntax check. The semantically bogus
> certificate may have been issued because the CA was bribed or was compell=
ed
> to issue the certificate. (A CA might be compelled to issue a bogus
> certificate by a government agency or a criminal organization.)  This CA
> might be one or more tiers below a trust anchor (aka root CA).
>
>
>
> *XX*.2.4.1 A bogus certificate may not have been submitted to any logs.
> In this case, Monitors will not detect the bogus certificate. *Since
> there is no requirement for a TLS client to reject a certificate that lac=
ks
> (or is not accompanied by) an SCT, there is no motivation for an attacker
> to submit the certificate in this case. (See Note 3.)*
>

See above.


>
>
> *XX*.2.4.2 A bogus pre-certificate may have been submitted to one or more
> logs, to acquire an embedded SCT, a certificate may have been submitted
> post-issuance (to acquire a standalone SCT). In either case, a
> (non-conspiring) Monitor protecting the targeted Subject will detect a
> bogus certificate and alert that Subject. The Subject, in turn, will
> request the CA to revoke the bogus certificate. In this case, the CA may
> refuse, or substantially delay, to revoke the bogus certificate. It could
> make excuses about inadequate proof that the certificate is bogus, or arg=
ue
> that it cannot quickly revoke the certificate because of local, legal
> concerns, etc. In this case, the CT mechanisms have detected mis-issuance=
,
> but the information logged by CT does not help remedy the problem. (See
> Note 4.)
>
>
>
> *XX*.2.4.3 If a third-party Monitor conspires with the malicious CA, then
> it will not notify the targeted Subject when a bogus certificate is logge=
d.
> If a Subject performs self-monitoring this sort of attack will be avoided=
.
>
>
>
> *XX*.2.5 A bogus certificate may have been submitted to one or more
> conspiring logs. These logs will issue SCTs, but will hide the log entrie=
s
> from some or all Monitors. Any Monitor (even a self-Monitor) from which t=
he
> log is hiding data will not detect the bogus certificate, even if it is
> trying to protect the targeted Subject. If a client accepts an SCT from a
> conspiring log, then the client will not reject the bogus certificate on
> the basis of a missing SCT. In this case CT will not detect the bogus
> certificate.
>
>
>
> The audit function is intended to detect logs that conspire to suppress
> log entries, based on consistency checking of logs and use of a =E2=80=9C=
gossip=E2=80=9D
> protocol. It is assumed that Monitors will perform the audit functions
> described in Section <*insert #*>.
>
> A Monitor performing an audit function could alert its clients if the
> Monitor detects evidence of malfeasant log operation. This would cause
> Monitors to avoid using such a log, and clients would reject SCTs generat=
ed
> by such a log. *Because there is no defined gossip protocol, CT does not
> provide the necessary info to detect this form of mis-issuance. *(See
> Note 5 below.)
>
>
>
> Notes:
>
>
>
> 1. If a CA submits a bogus certificate to one or more logs, but these
> logs are not watched by a Monitor that is protecting the targeted Subject=
,
> CT will not mitigate this type of mis-issuance attack. It is not clear
> whether every Monitor MUST offer to track every Subject that requests
> protection. Absent such a guarantee, how do Subjects know which set of
> Monitors will provide =E2=80=9Csufficient=E2=80=9D coverage? If a Subject=
 acts as its own
> Monitor, this problem is solved for that Subject. It also is not clear ho=
w
> a Monitor becomes aware of all (relevant?) logs, including newly created
> logs. The means by which Monitors become aware of new logs MUST accommoda=
te
> self-monitoring by a potentially very large number of web site operators.
>
>
>
> 2. A CA being presented with evidence of a bogus certificate, in the form
> of a log entry, will need to examine its records to determine if it has
> knowledge of the certificate in question. It also will likely require the
> targeted Subject to provide assurances that it is the authorized entity
> representing the Subject name (subjectAltname) in question. Thus a Subjec=
t
> should not expect immediate revocation of a contested certificate. The ti=
me
> frame in which a CA will respond to a revocation request usually is
> described in the CPS for the CA. Other certificate fields and extensions
> may be of interest for forensic purposes, but are not required to effect
> revocation nor to verify that the certificate to be revoked is bogus, bas=
ed
> on applicable criteria. The SCT and log entry, because each contains a
> timestamp from a third party, is probably valuable for forensic purposes
> (assuming a non-conspiring log operator).
>
>
>
> 3. If a TLS client were to reject a certificate that lacks an embedded
> SCT, or is not accompanied by an SCT transported via the TLS handshake,
> this behavior needs to be defined in a way that is compatible with
> incremental deployment. Issuing a warning to a (human) user is probably
> insufficient, based on experience with warnings displayed for expired
> certificates, lack of certificate revocation status information, and
> similar errors that violate RFC 5280 path validation rules. *Until a
> mechanism is defined that accommodates incremental deployment of this
> capability, attackers probably will avoid submitting bogus certificates t=
o
> (non-conspiring) logs as a means of evading detection.*
>
>
>
> 4. A targeted Subject might request the parent of a malicious CA to
> revoke the certificate of the non-cooperative CA. However, a request of
> this sort may be rejected, e.g., because of the potential for significant
> collateral damage. A browser might be configured to reject all certificat=
es
> issued by the malicious CA, e.g., using a CA hot list distributed by a
> browser vendor. However, if the malicious CA has a sufficient number of
> legitimate clients, treating all of them as bogus still represents seriou=
s
> collateral damage. If this specification were to require that a browser c=
an
> be configured to reject a specific, bogus certificate identified by a
> Monitor, then the bogus certificate could be rejected in that fashion. Th=
is
> mitigation strategy calls for communication between Monitors and browsers=
,
> or between Monitors and browser vendors. Such communication has not been
> specified, i.e., there are no standard ways to configure a browser to
> reject individual bogus certificates based on info provided by an externa=
l
> entity such as a Monitor. Moreover, the same or another malicious CA coul=
d
> issue new bogus certificates for the targeted Subject, which would have t=
o
> be detected and rejected in this (as yet unspecified) fashion. Thus, for
> now, CT does not seem to provide a way to mitigate this form of attack,
> even though it provides a basis for detecting such attacks.
>
>
>
> 5. The combination of a malicious CA and one or more conspiring logs
> motivates the definition of an audit function, to detect conspiring logs.
> If a Monitor protecting s Subject does not see mis-issued certificates, i=
t
> cannot alert the Subject. If one or more SCTs are present in a certificat=
e,
> or passed via the TLS handshake, a client has no way to know that the
> logged certificate is not visible to Monitors. Only if Monitors and clien=
ts
> reject certificates that contains SCTs from conspiring logs (based on inf=
o
> from an audit) will CT be able to deter use of such logs. Thus the means =
by
> which a Monitor performing an audit function detect such logs, and inform
> TLS clients must be specified for this to be effective. Moreover, if a
> certificate (or TLS handshake) contains more than one SCT, unless the
> client verifies all of them if it is to counter the threat posed by
> conspiring logs.
>
>
>
> Absent a =E2=80=9Cgossip=E2=80=9D protocol that enables Monitors to verif=
y that data from
> logs are reported in a consistent fashion, CT does not provide protection
> against logs that may conspire with, or are victims of, attackers effecti=
ng
> certificate mis-issuance. When a gossip protocol is defined and deployed,
> it will be necessary to describe how the CT system will deal with a
> mis-behaving or compromised log. For example, will there be a mechanism t=
o
> alert all TLS clients to reject SCTs issued by such a log? Absent a
> description of a mitigation strategy to deal with mis-behaving or
> compromised logs, CT cannot ensure detection of mis-issuance.
>
>
>
> Monitors play a critical role in detecting semantic certificate
> mis-issuance, for Subjects that have requested monitoring of their
> certificates. A monitor (including a Subject performing self-monitoring)
> examines logs for certificates associated with one or more Subjects. It
> must obtain a list valid certificates for the Subject being monitored, in=
 a
> secure manner.
>
> Note:  A Monitor must not rely on a CA or RA database for this
> information or use certificate discovery protocols; this information must
> be acquired by the Monitor based on reference certificates provided by a
> Subject. If a Monitor were to rely on a CA or RA database (for the CA tha=
t
> issued a targeted certificate), the Monitor would not detect mis-issuance
> due to malfeasance on the part of that CA or the RA, or due to compromise
> of the CA or the RA.  If a CA or RA database is used, it does detect
> mis-issuance by an unauthorized CA.  A Monitor must not rely on certifica=
te
> discovery mechanisms to build the list of valid certificates since such
> mechanisms might result in mis-issued certificates being added to the lis=
t.
>
>
>
> As noted above, Monitors represent another target for adversaries who wis=
h
> to effect certificate mis-issuance. If a Monitor is compromised by, or
> conspires with, an attacker, it will fail to alert a Subject to a
> mis-issued certificate targeting that Subject, as noted above. It is
> RECOMMENDED that a Subject request certificate monitoring from multiple
> sources to guard against such failures. Operation of a Monitor by a
> Subject, on its own behalf, avoids dependence on third party Monitors.
> However, the burden of Monitor operation may be viewed as too great for
> many web sites, and thus this mode of operation ought not be assumed to b=
e
> universal when evaluating protection against Monitor compromise.
>
>
>
> A final note: Now that certificate pinning has been approved as a standar=
d
> (currently in the RFC Editor=E2=80=99s queue), it is appropriate to facto=
r in its
> use by TLS clients. It would appear that pinning will dramatically reduce
> the set of TLS clients that are vulnerable to mis-issuance; a client that
> pins a certificate for a web site would reject a bogus certificate withou=
t
> use of any CT mechanisms. The security considerations section of 6962-bis
> needs to note this, since deployment of pinning appears to reduces the ne=
ed
> for CT in the Web PKI context.
>

It is Google's view that pinning is not a scalable solution, unlike CT. We
do not agree that pinning reduces the need for CT.

--001a11c11e06a49357050e56fbd6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quo=
te">On 22 January 2015 at 16:48, Stephen Kent <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=
=3D"mailto:kent@bbn.com" target=3D"_blank">kent@bbn.com</a>&gt;</span> wrot=
e:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;b=
order-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:s=
olid;padding-left:1ex">
 =20
   =20
 =20
  <div bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" text=3D"#000000">
    updated to reflect dropping TLS client behavior specs, no gossip
    protocol yet defined,<br>
    and no stand-alone Auditors.<br>
    <br>
    comments welcome, but I&#39;m abut to head off on vacation, so I won&#3=
9;t
    be able to respond immediately<br>
    <br>
    Steve<br>
    <span><u></u><u></u></span>
   =20
   =20
   =20
   =20
   =20
   =20
   =20
   =20
   =20
    ------<br>
    <br>
   =20
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.
        Attack Model and Discussion of Detection and Mitigation Options
        <u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>Certificate
        mis-issuance may arise in one of several ways. The ways that CT
        enables a
        Subject (or others) to detect and redress mis-issuance depends
        on the context
        and the entities involved in the mis-issuance. This attack model
        applies to the
        Web PKI context. If CT is applied to other contexts, each will
        require its own
        attack model, although most of the model described here is
        likely to be
        applicable.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>Certificates are
        issued by CAs, so the top level differentiation is whether the
        CA that
        mis-issued a certificate did so maliciously or not. If not, then
        the next point
        of differentiation is whether the mis-issuance was the result of
        an error, an
        attack, or malicious behavior by a CA. In the case of an attack
        or malicious
        behavior by a CA, it is necessary to consider whether the
        certificate was
        logged. If the certificate was logged, it is necessary to
        consider whether the
        log(s) may have conspired with the attacker. Finally, one must
        consider the
        possibility that a third party Monitor might collude with an
        attacker (or a
        malicious CA). Here=E2=80=99s an taxonomy of attacks and assumption=
s
        about the attack
        environment:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:72.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><s=
pan>1.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:norm=
al;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;Ti=
mes New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>CA<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:108.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span>a.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:nor=
mal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;T=
imes New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>Non-malicious CA<u></u><u></u></span><=
/p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:144.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span><span>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span>i.<span =
style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stre=
tch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;Times New Roma=
n&#39;">=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></span></span><span>Error<u></u><u></u></span><=
/p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:144.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span><span>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0 </span>ii.<span style=3D"f=
ont-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal=
;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></span></span><span>Attack victim<u></u><u></u></span><=
/p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:180.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span>1.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:nor=
mal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;T=
imes New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>Certificate logged<u></u><u></u></span=
></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:216.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span>a.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:nor=
mal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;T=
imes New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>Benign log<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:252.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span><span>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
          </span>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 i.<span>=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></span></span><span>Self-mon=
itor<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:252.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span><span>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0
          </span>ii.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;fo=
nt-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-=
family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">=C2=A0=C2=A0
          </span></span></span><span>Benign 3<sup>rd</sup>
        party Monitor<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:252.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span><span>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
          </span>iii.<span>=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></span></span><span>Conspiri=
ng 3<sup>rd</sup>
        party Monitor<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:216.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span>b.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:nor=
mal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;T=
imes New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>Conspiring log<u></u><u></u></span></p=
>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:180.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span>2.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:nor=
mal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;T=
imes New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>Certificate not
        logged<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:108.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span>b.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:nor=
mal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;T=
imes New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>Malicious CA<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:144.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span><span>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0
          </span>i.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;fon=
t-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-f=
amily:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">=C2=A0=C2=A0
          </span></span></span><span>Certificate
        logged<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:180.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span>1.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:nor=
mal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;T=
imes New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>Benign log<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:216.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span>a.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:nor=
mal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;T=
imes New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>Self-monitor<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:216.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span>b.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:nor=
mal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;T=
imes New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>Benign 3<sup>rd</sup>
        party Monitor<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:216.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span>c.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:nor=
mal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;T=
imes New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>Conspiring 3<sup>rd</sup>
        party Monitor<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:180.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span>2.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:nor=
mal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;T=
imes New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>Conspiring log<u></u><u></u></span></p=
>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:144.35pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><=
span><span>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0
          </span>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 ii.<spa=
n>=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span></span></span><span>Certificate
        not logged<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:144.35pt"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>The following
        sections examine each of these cases, for both syntactic and
        semantic
        mis-issuance. As noted above, the focus here is on the Web PKI
        context,
        although most of the analysis is applicable to other PKI
        contexts.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.1
        Non-malicious Web PKI CA context<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>If a pre-certificate
        is submitted to a log, prior to issuance of a certificate,
        syntactic
        mis-issuance can (optionally) be detected, and noted. This will
        happen only if
        the log performs syntactic checks in general, and if the log is
        capable of
        performing the checks applicable to the submitted (pre-)
        certificate. (A pre-certificate
        will be logged even if it fails syntactic validation, thus
        logging takes
        precedence over detection of syntactic mis-issuance.) If
        syntactic validation
        fails, this will be noted in the SCT returned to the CA. Because
        this case
        assumes a non-malicious CA, the CA will remedy the syntactic
        problem and
        re-submit the pre-certificate to a log. In this case syntactic
        checking by a
        log helps avoid issuance of a malformed certificate.<u></u><u></u><=
/span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>If a certificate is
        submitted by its Subject, we assume that the Subject will
        contact the issuer
        and request a new certificate if a log indicates that the
        certificate failed
        the applicable syntactic check. Here too syntactic checking by a
        log enables a
        Subject to be informed that its certificate is malformed and
        thus may hasten
        issuance of a replacement certificate.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>If the certificate
        was submitted by a third party, that party might contact the
        Subject or the
        issuer, but because the party is not the Subject of the
        certificate it is not
        clear how the issuer will respond.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>Bottom line: Syntactic
        mis-issuance of a certificate can be avoided by a CA if it makes
        use of logs
        that are capable of performing these checks for the types of
        certificates that
        are submitted, and if the CA acts on the feedback it receives.
        If a CA uses a
        log that does not perform such checks, or if the CA requests
        checking relative
        to criteria not supported by the log, then syntactic
        mis-issuance will not be
        detected or avoided by this mechanism. Syntactic mis-issuance
        can be remedied
        if a Subject submits a certificate to a log that performs
        syntactic checks, and
        if the Subject requests the issuer to fix problems detected by
        the log. (The
        issuer is presumed to be willing to re-issue the certificate,
        correcting any
        problems, because the CA is not malicious.)</span></p></div></block=
quote><div><br></div><div>Note that there&#39;s nothing special about the l=
og here: anyone can detect syntactic mis-issuance by simply feeding the cer=
tificate to an appropriate tool.</div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D=
"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;borde=
r-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><di=
v bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" text=3D"#000000"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=
<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.1.1
A
        CA may issue the certificate to an unauthorized party (semantic
        mis-issuance),
        as a result of an error or because it was the victim of a social
        engineering
        attack.</span></p></div></blockquote><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quo=
te" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-col=
or:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div bgcolor=
=3D"#FFFFFF" text=3D"#000000"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>We will refer to=
 such a certificate as =E2=80=9Cbogus=E2=80=9D. In this
        case the CA has
        a record of the bogus certificate and it is prepared to revoke
        the bogus
        certificate once it has confirmed its error. If the CA is
        submitting (pre-)
        certificates for logging, there will be evidence of the
        mis-issuance in one or
        more logs. If a Monitor is =E2=80=9Cprotecting=E2=80=9D the affecte=
d Subject, it
        will detect
        the mis-issuance, and will alert the Subject. Because the CA has
        a record of
        the mis-issuance, it should be able to revoke the bogus
        certificate, after
        investigating, based on the information provided by the
        legitimate certificate
        Subject. The presence of an embedded SCT in the bogus
        certificate, or an SCT
        accompanying the bogus certificate is irrelevant to the
        mitigation procedure in
        this case. (See Note 1 below.) Because the mis-issuance was not
        malicious,
        there is no notion of a log operator or a Monitor conspiring
        with the CA.</span>=C2=A0</p></div></blockquote><blockquote class=
=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;bo=
rder-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">=
<div bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" text=3D"#000000"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u><=
/u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.1.2
A
        non-malicious Web PKI CA may be the victim of an undetected
        attack (c.f.,
        DigiNotar [cite]) which results in semantic mis-issuance of a
        certificate. In
        this case the CA is not aware of the mis-issuance and may have
        no record of the
        certificate content. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.1.2.1
The
        mis-issued certificate may have been submitted to one or more
        logs prior to
        issuance, to acquire an embedded SCT, or post-issuance to
        acquire a standalone
        SCT. In either case, a Monitor that is protecting the targeted
        Subject will
        detect the bogus certificate and can alert the Subject. The
        Subject, in turn, will
        request the CA to revoke the bogus certificate. In this case,
        the CA will make
        use of the log entry (supplied by the Subject) to determine the
        serial number
        of the mis-issued certificate, and revoke it (after
        investigation). (See Notes
        1 + 2.) <u>Since there is no requirement for a TLS client to
          reject a
          certificate when no SCT is provided, the preferred strategy
          for an attacker is
          to not log bogus certificates</u>. (See XX.1.2.2 and Note 3.)</sp=
an></p></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>The lack of a requirement for=
 rejection does not mean that popular TLS clients will not reject. As you k=
now, Chrome will shortly stop showing EV indicators for EV certs without va=
lid SCTs, even though there is no requirement to do so.</div><div><br></div=
><div>It seems to me a more accurate analysis would be along the lines of:<=
/div><div><br></div><div><u style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,=
sans-serif;font-size:small;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weigh=
t:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-ind=
ent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-=
color:rgb(255,255,255)">&quot;If TLS clients do not reject certificates or =
otherwise notify users when no SCT is provided, the preferred strategy for =
an attacker is to not log bogus certificates</u><span style=3D"color:rgb(34=
,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;font-style:normal;font=
-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal=
;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;wo=
rd-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline!important;background-color:rgb(255=
,255,255)">. (See XX.1.2.2 and Note 3.).&quot;</span><br></div><div><span s=
tyle=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;fo=
nt-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:norma=
l;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;w=
hite-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline!important;back=
ground-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br></span></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquot=
e class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width=
:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-lef=
t:1ex"><div bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" text=3D"#000000"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><sp=
an><u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.1.2.2
The
        bogus certificate may not have been submitted to any logs. In
        this case,
        Monitors will not detect the bogus certificate. <u>Since TLS
          clients are not
          required to reject a certificate that lacks (or is not
          accompanied by) an SCT,
          or even to notify a user in such situations, the attacker will
          not be thwarted
          in this case.</u> (See Note 3.)</span></p></div></blockquote><div=
><br></div><div>See above.</div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail=
_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left=
-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div bgco=
lor=3D"#FFFFFF" text=3D"#000000"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u><u></u=
></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>XX.1.2.3 The bogus
        certificate may have been submitted to logs that are conspiring
        with the
        attacker. In this case, Monitors will not detect the bogus
        certificate because
        the logs will suppress a bogus certificate log entry. <s>TLS
          clients will not
          reject a bogus certificate in this case, because it is
          accompanied by an SCT.</s>
        In this scenario, unless Monitors =E2=80=9Cgossip=E2=80=9D to detec=
t conspiring
        logs, the bogus
        certificate will not be detected. <u>Because there are no
          requirements for such
          gossiping, an attack of this sort can succeed based on the
          current CT design.</u></span></p></div></blockquote><div><br></di=
v><div>Again, lack of requirement does not imply lack of implementation. Ag=
ain, I would suggest this should be phrased conditionally.</div><div>=C2=A0=
</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;b=
order-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:s=
olid;padding-left:1ex"><div bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" text=3D"#000000"><p class=
=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u><u></u><u></u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u><span><u></u><span style=3D"text-decoration:n=
one">=C2=A0</span><u></u></span></u></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>XX.1.2.4 If a
        semantically bogus certificate is submitted to non-conspiring
        logs, a Subject
        performing self-monitoring will be able to detect the bogus
        certificate and request
        revocation.</span></p></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Not su=
re of the relevance of &quot;non-conspiring&quot; here?</div><div><br></div=
><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px=
 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-=
left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" text=3D"#000000=
"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span> If a Subject relies on a third-party Monito=
r, and
        that Monitor
        conspires with the attacker, the Subject will not be alerted and
        thus will not
        request revocation.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.2
        Malicious Web PKI CA context<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.2.1
If
        a (pre-) certificate is submitted to a (non-conspiring) log,
        syntactic
        mis-issuance can be detected, and noted. This will happen only
        if the log
        performs syntactic checks in general, and if the log is capable
        of performing
        the checks applicable to the submitted certificate. A (pre-)
        certificate will
        be logged even if it fails syntactic validation, thus logging
        takes precedence
        over detection of syntactic mis-issuance. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>Because the CA is
        presumed to be malicious, the CA may cause the log to not
        perform checks, in
        one of several ways. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:94pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><span=
>1.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;=
font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;Times=
 New Roman&#39;">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0
          </span></span></span><span>The CA may assert
        that the certificate is being issued w/o regard to any
        guidelines (the =E2=80=9Cno
        guidelines=E2=80=9D reserved CCID). <u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:94pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><span=
>2.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;=
font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;Times=
 New Roman&#39;">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0
          </span></span></span><span>The CA may assert a
        CCID that has not been registered, and thus no log will be able
        to perform a
        check. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:94pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><span=
>3.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;=
font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;Times=
 New Roman&#39;">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0
          </span></span></span><span>the CA may check to
        see which CCIDs a log declares it can check, and chose a
        registered CCID that
        is not checked by the log in question. In this fashion the CA
        can prevent the
        log from performing checks, and the SCT and log entry will not
        contain an
        indication of a failed check. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:94pt"><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><span=
>4.<span style=3D"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;=
font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;Times=
 New Roman&#39;">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0
          </span></span></span><span>The CA may submit a
        (pre-) certificate to a log that is known to not perform any
        syntactic checks,
        and thus avoid syntactic checking.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u><span>Since there is no
          requirement that a TLS client can be configured to reject a
          certificate that
          has not been syntactically checked (as indicated by the SCT),
          a malicious CA
          need not worry about failing a log-based check. Similarly, <u></u=
><u></u></span></u></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u><span>since there is no
          requirement for a TLS client to reject a certificate that was
          logged by an
          operator that does not perform syntactic checks, the fourth
          approach noted
          above will succeed as well</span></u><span>.
        If a client were configured to know which versions of
        certificate types are
        applicable to its use of a certificate, the second and third
        strategies noted
        above could be thwarted.</span></p></div></blockquote><div><br></di=
v><div>Again, the log has no special role to play in the detection of synta=
ctic errors: TLS clients that wish to reject such certificates can do so un=
aided. Indeed, I would&#39;ve thought conformance to existing RFCs would im=
ply such behaviour - and if they don&#39;t, surely CT is not the place to f=
ix that?</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px=
 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left=
-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" text=3D"#000000"><p=
 class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p style=3D"margin-left:0.25in"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.2.2
Because
        the CA is presumed malicious, it may choose to not submit a
        certificate
        to a log. This avoids detection of syntactic mis-issuance by a
        log, but it also
        means there is no SCT for the certificate. <u>Since there is no
          requirement for
          a TLS client to reject a certificate that lacks (or is not
          accompanied by) an
          SCT, this form of mis-issuance will succeed. (See Note 3.)</u></s=
pan></p></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>See above (both on requireme=
nts and on CT&#39;s role in syntax).</div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote clas=
s=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;b=
order-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"=
><div bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" text=3D"#000000"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u>=
</u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.2.3
A
        malicious CA may submit a certificate to one or more logs that
        collude with
        this CA to not perform syntactic checks, even though they claim
        to do so. In
        this case syntactic mis-issuance will not be detected by logs. <spa=
n>=C2=A0</span>The log entry and the SCT for
        a syntactically
        invalid certificate will assert that the certificate syntax was
        verified.
        Unless Monitors also perform syntactic checks, this form of
        mis-issuance will
        not be thwarted. TLS clients will believe that the certificate
        has been
        syntactically verified.</span></p></div></blockquote><div><br></div=
><div>Why would they believe that, given there&#39;s no requirement to do s=
uch verification?</div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" s=
tyle=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rg=
b(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div bgcolor=3D"#F=
FFFFF" text=3D"#000000"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span> <u></u><u></u></span>=
</p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.2.4
A
        malicious CA may semantically mis-issue a certificate that is
        syntactically
        valid. Because it is syntactically valid, logs will not mark the
        bogus
        certificate as failing a syntax check. The semantically bogus
        certificate may
        have been issued because the CA was bribed or was compelled to
        issue the
        certificate. (A CA might be compelled to issue a bogus
        certificate by a
        government agency or a criminal organization.)<span>=C2=A0
        </span>This CA might be one or more tiers below a trust anchor
        (aka root CA). <u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.2.4.1
A
        bogus certificate may not have been submitted to any logs. In
        this case,
        Monitors will not detect the bogus certificate. <u>Since there
          is no
          requirement for a TLS client to reject a certificate that
          lacks (or is not
          accompanied by) an SCT, there is no motivation for an attacker
          to submit the
          certificate in this case. (See Note 3.)</u></span></p></div></blo=
ckquote><div><br></div><div>See above.</div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote cl=
ass=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px=
;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1e=
x"><div bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" text=3D"#000000"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><=
u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.2.4.2
A
        bogus pre-certificate may have been submitted to one or more
        logs, to acquire
        an embedded SCT, a certificate may have been submitted
        post-issuance (to
        acquire a standalone SCT). In either case, a (non-conspiring)
        Monitor
        protecting the targeted Subject will detect a bogus certificate
        and alert that
        Subject. The Subject, in turn, will request the CA to revoke the
        bogus
        certificate. In this case, the CA may refuse, or substantially
        delay, to revoke
        the bogus certificate. It could make excuses about inadequate
        proof that the
        certificate is bogus, or argue that it cannot quickly revoke the
        certificate
        because of local, legal concerns, etc. In this case, the CT
        mechanisms have
        detected mis-issuance, but the information logged by CT does not
        help remedy
        the problem. (See Note 4.)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.2.4.3
If
        a third-party Monitor conspires with the malicious CA, then it
        will not
        notify the targeted Subject when a bogus certificate is logged.
        If a Subject
        performs self-monitoring this sort of attack will be avoided.<u></u=
><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.2.5
A
        bogus certificate may have been submitted to one or more
        conspiring logs.
        These logs will issue SCTs, but will hide the log entries from
        some or all
        Monitors. Any Monitor (even a self-Monitor) from which the log
        is hiding data
        will not detect the bogus certificate, even if it is trying to
        protect the
        targeted Subject. <s>If a client accepts an SCT from a
          conspiring log, then the
          client will not reject the bogus certificate on the basis of a
          missing SCT.</s>
        In this case CT will not detect the bogus certificate. <u></u><u></=
u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>The audit function is
        intended to detect logs that conspire to suppress log entries,
        based on
        consistency checking of logs and use of a =E2=80=9Cgossip=E2=80=9D =
protocol. It
        is assumed that
        Monitors will perform the audit functions described in Section
        &lt;<b>insert #</b>&gt;.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>A Monitor performing
        an audit function could alert its clients if the Monitor detects
        evidence of
        malfeasant log operation. This would cause Monitors to avoid
        using such a log,
        and clients would reject SCTs generated by such a log. <u>Because
          there is no
          defined gossip protocol, CT does not provide the necessary
          info to detect this form
          of mis-issuance. </u>(See Note 5 below.) <u></u><u></u></span></p=
>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>Notes:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><span>1.<span style=3D"font-styl=
e:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-si=
ze:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>If a CA submits a
        bogus certificate to one or more logs, but these logs are not
        watched by a
        Monitor that is protecting the targeted Subject, CT will not
        mitigate this type
        of mis-issuance attack. It is not clear whether every Monitor
        MUST offer to
        track every Subject that requests protection. Absent such a
        guarantee, how do
        Subjects know which set of Monitors will provide =E2=80=9Csufficien=
t=E2=80=9D
        coverage? If a
        Subject acts as its own Monitor, this problem is solved for that
        Subject. It also
        is not clear how a Monitor becomes aware of all (relevant?)
        logs, including
        newly created logs. The means by which Monitors become aware of
        new logs MUST
        accommodate self-monitoring by a potentially very large number
        of web site operators.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><span>2.<span style=3D"font-styl=
e:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-si=
ze:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">
          </span></span></span><span>A CA being presented
        with evidence of a bogus certificate, in the form of a log
        entry, will need to
        examine its records to determine if it has knowledge of the
        certificate in
        question. It also will likely require the targeted Subject to
        provide assurances
        that it is the authorized entity representing the Subject name
        (subjectAltname)
        in question. Thus a Subject should not expect immediate
        revocation of a
        contested certificate. The time frame in which a CA will respond
        to a
        revocation request usually is described in the CPS for the CA.
        Other
        certificate fields and extensions may be of interest for
        forensic purposes, but
        are not required to effect revocation nor to verify that the
        certificate to be
        revoked is bogus, based on applicable criteria. The SCT and log
        entry, because
        each contains a timestamp from a third party, is probably
        valuable for forensic
        purposes (assuming a non-conspiring log operator).<u></u><u></u></s=
pan></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><span>3.<span>
          </span></span></span><span>If a TLS client were to
        reject a certificate that lacks an embedded SCT, or is not
        accompanied by an
        SCT transported via the TLS handshake, this behavior needs to be
        defined in a
        way that is compatible with incremental deployment. Issuing a
        warning to a
        (human) user is probably insufficient, based on experience with
        warnings
        displayed for expired certificates, lack of certificate
        revocation status
        information, and similar errors that violate RFC 5280 path
        validation rules. <u>Until
          a mechanism is defined that accommodates incremental
          deployment of this
          capability, attackers probably will avoid submitting bogus
          certificates to
          (non-conspiring) logs as a means of evading detection.</u><u></u>=
<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><span>4.<span>
          </span></span></span><span>A targeted Subject
        might request the parent of a malicious CA to revoke the
        certificate of the
        non-cooperative CA. However, a request of this sort may be
        rejected, e.g.,
        because of the potential for significant collateral damage. A
        browser might be
        configured to reject all certificates issued by the malicious
        CA, e.g., using a
        CA hot list distributed by a browser vendor. However, if the
        malicious CA has a
        sufficient number of legitimate clients, treating all of them as
        bogus still
        represents serious collateral damage. If this specification were
        to require
        that a browser can be configured to reject a specific, bogus
        certificate
        identified by a Monitor, then the bogus certificate could be
        rejected in that
        fashion. This mitigation strategy calls for communication
        between Monitors and
        browsers, or between Monitors and browser vendors. Such
        communication has not been
        specified, i.e., there are no standard ways to configure a
        browser to reject
        individual bogus certificates based on info provided by an
        external entity such
        as a Monitor. Moreover, the same or another malicious CA could
        issue new bogus
        certificates for the targeted Subject, which would have to be
        detected and
        rejected in this (as yet unspecified) fashion. Thus, for now, CT
        does not seem
        to provide a way to mitigate this form of attack, even though it
        provides a
        basis for detecting such attacks.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><span>5.<span>
          </span></span></span><span>The combination of a
        malicious CA and one or more conspiring logs motivates the
        definition of an
        audit function, to detect conspiring logs. If a Monitor
        protecting s Subject
        does not see mis-issued certificates, it cannot alert the
        Subject. If one or
        more SCTs are present in a certificate, or passed via the TLS
        handshake, a
        client has no way to know that the logged certificate is not
        visible to
        Monitors. Only if Monitors and clients reject certificates that
        contains SCTs
        from conspiring logs (based on info from an audit) will CT be
        able to deter use
        of such logs. Thus the means by which a Monitor performing an
        audit function
        detect such logs, and inform TLS clients must be specified for
        this to be
        effective. <s>Moreover, if a certificate (or TLS handshake)
          contains more than
          one SCT, unless the client verifies all of them if it is to
          counter the threat
          posed by conspiring logs.</s> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>Absent a =E2=80=9Cgossip=E2=80=9D
        protocol that enables Monitors to verify that data from logs are
        reported in a
        consistent fashion, CT does not provide protection against logs
        that may
        conspire with, or are victims of, attackers effecting
        certificate mis-issuance.
        When a gossip protocol is defined and deployed, it will be
        necessary to
        describe how the CT system will deal with a mis-behaving or
        compromised log.
        For example, will there be a mechanism to alert all TLS clients
        to reject SCTs
        issued by such a log? Absent a description of a mitigation
        strategy to deal
        with mis-behaving or compromised logs, CT cannot ensure
        detection of
        mis-issuance.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-autospace:none"><span>Monitors pla=
y a
        critical role in detecting semantic certificate mis-issuance,
        for Subjects that
        have requested monitoring of their certificates. </span><span style=
=3D"font-family:Courier">A </span><span>monitor
(including
        a Subject performing self-monitoring) examines logs for
        certificates
        associated with one or more Subjects. It must obtain a list
        valid certificates for
        the Subject being monitored, in a secure manner.=C2=A0<u></u><u></u=
></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:0.5in"><span>Note:
        <span>=C2=A0</span>A Monitor must not rely
        on a CA or RA
        database for this information or use certificate discovery
        protocols; this
        information must be acquired by the Monitor based on reference
        certificates provided
        by a Subject.=C2=A0If a Monitor were to rely on a CA or RA database
        (for the CA
        that issued a targeted certificate), the Monitor would not
        detect mis-issuance
        due to malfeasance on the part of that CA or the RA,=C2=A0or due to
        compromise
        of the CA or the RA.=C2=A0 If a CA or RA database is used, it does
        detect
        mis-issuance by an unauthorized CA.=C2=A0 A Monitor must not rely o=
n
        certificate discovery mechanisms to build the list of valid
        certificates since
        such mechanisms might result in mis-issued certificates being
        added to the
        list.</span><span style=3D"font-family:Courier"><u></u><u></u></spa=
n></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>As noted above, Monitors
        represent another target for adversaries who wish to effect
        certificate
        mis-issuance. If a Monitor is compromised by, or conspires with,
        an attacker,
        it will fail to alert a Subject to a mis-issued certificate
        targeting that
        Subject, as noted above. It is RECOMMENDED that a Subject
        request certificate
        monitoring from multiple sources to guard against such failures.
        Operation of a
        Monitor by a Subject, on its own behalf, avoids dependence on
        third party Monitors.
        However, the burden of Monitor operation may be viewed as too
        great for many
        web sites, and thus this mode of operation ought not be assumed
        to be universal
        when evaluating protection against Monitor compromise. <u></u><u></=
u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p>
    <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span>A final note: Now
        that certificate pinning has been approved as a standard
        (currently in the RFC
        Editor=E2=80=99s queue), it is appropriate to factor in its use by =
TLS
        clients. It
        would appear that pinning will dramatically reduce the set of
        TLS clients that
        are vulnerable to mis-issuance; a client that pins a certificate
        for a web site
        would reject a bogus certificate without use of any CT
        mechanisms. The security
        considerations section of 6962-bis needs to note this, since
        deployment of
        pinning appears to reduces the need for CT in the Web PKI
        context.</span></p></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>It is Goo=
gle&#39;s view that pinning is not a scalable solution, unlike CT. We do no=
t agree that pinning reduces the need for CT.</div><div><br></div></div></d=
iv></div>

--001a11c11e06a49357050e56fbd6--


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Subject: [Trans] [trans] #58 (rfc6962-bis): Maximise number of STH's published per time unit
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#58: Maximise number of STH's published per time unit

 Logs can mount a fingerprinting attack against clients by issuing separate
 STH's for clients the wish to track.

 This could be thwarted by the standard stipulating a maximum number of
 STH's that a log is allowed to issue per time unit before it is considered
 bad. Monitors should be able to detect if a log ignores this limitation.

 A fair figure might be max one STH per hour, unless someone sees a need
 for a higher frequency.

 Implementation wise, you might want this to be configurable for debugging
 purposes.

-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |      Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  linus@nordu.net        |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |     Status:  new
 Priority:  major        |  Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |    Version:
 Severity:  -            |   Keywords:
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/58>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #13 (rfc6962-bis): Deal with server farm skew
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#13: Deal with server farm skew

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  assigned => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 Done at https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/commit/d7291e1946d2f845f35f7468d109b347d5daa49f.

-- 
-----------------------------+------------------------------
 Reporter:  benl@google.com  |       Owner:  benl@google.com
     Type:  defect           |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major            |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis      |     Version:
 Severity:  -                |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:                   |
-----------------------------+------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/13#comment:2>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #35 (rfc6962-bis): server SCT transmission restriction is misstated
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#35: server SCT transmission restriction is misstated

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 Closed with https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/commit/3cf83718c385e41f8e838b2b0351c595b86c1ac1.

-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  kent@bbn.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  minor        |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |     Version:
 Severity:  -            |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/35#comment:1>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: [Trans] [trans] #59 (rfc6962-bis): Clarify STH versioning
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#59: Clarify STH versioning

 The current draft defines TreeHeadVersion v2, denoting a v2 STH.  However,
 in a couple of places the current draft still requires the STH version to
 be v1.

 The only reason for TreeHeadVersion v2 was to add the CtSthExtensions
 field, which we perhaps don't need.

 We should either:
   1. Revert the changes that introduced TreeHeadVersion v2.
 or
   2. Change the text that currently requires STH v1 to require STH v2
 instead.

-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |      Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  rob.stradling@comodo.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect                   |     Status:  new
 Priority:  major                    |  Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |    Version:
 Severity:  -                        |   Keywords:
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/59>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #19 (rfc6962-bis): Rejig API for efficiency/correctness
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#19: Rejig API for efficiency/correctness

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 Clock skew was partially dealt with in response to other tickets.

 The remaining issues were dealt with in https://github.com/google
 /certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/commit/e3ddb2a1da0b0551e0f83fcb27ed5a7d438a5fe1.

-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  benl@google.com        |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major        |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |     Version:
 Severity:  -            |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/19#comment:1>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#22: Explain why there are three delivery mechanisms for SCTs

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 Fixed in https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/commit/0cf9709247f82b2438202743ffeb95a9345f8675.

-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  benl@google.com        |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major        |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |     Version:
 Severity:  -            |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/22#comment:1>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] updated attack analysis
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Folks,

I've found the discussion on the list and the analysis itself helpful in 
clarifying and assessing the aims and mechanisms 6962-bis.  It strikes 
me that it would be similarly helpful to other users/readers of 
6962-bis.  What does the group think of adding it to 6962-bis?

Thank you,
Karen


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Thread-Topic: [Trans] updated attack analysis
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Karen,

This is a good idea.  We need the threat analysis to document the assumptio=
ns under which the mechanisms are effective and what the residual vulnerabi=
lities are.

-----Original Message-----
From: Trans [mailto:trans-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Karen Seo
Sent: Monday, February 16, 2015 6:39 PM
To: trans@ietf.org
Cc: kseo@bbn.com
Subject: Re: [Trans] updated attack analysis

Folks,

I've found the discussion on the list and the analysis itself helpful in cl=
arifying and assessing the aims and mechanisms 6962-bis.  It strikes me tha=
t it would be similarly helpful to other users/readers of 6962-bis.  What d=
oes the group think of adding it to 6962-bis?

Thank you,
Karen

_______________________________________________
Trans mailing list
Trans@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans


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#60: The number of redacted labels should be revealed in the Precertificate

 The current -bis draft says:
   'When creating a Precertificate, the CA MAY substitute one or more of
    the complete leftmost labels in each DNS-ID with the literal string
    "(PRIVATE)".'

 In a recent thread on the list there was clear support for the idea of
 requiring a separate token for each redacted label, instead of permitting
 one token to cover several redacted labels.

 Also, it would be nice to use a token that is shorter than "(PRIVATE)".
 Steve Kent has asked that we consult some DNS experts before we make a
 final decision on what the token will be.  I'll kick off some discussion
 on that and report back to this ticket.  For now, my proposal is "?".

 Quick comparison of how to redact 2 labels from "a.b.example.com":
   Current -bis draft: (PRIVATE).example.com
   This proposal: ?.?.example.com

-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |      Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  rob.stradling@comodo.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  enhancement              |     Status:  new
 Priority:  major                    |  Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |    Version:
 Severity:  -                        |   Keywords:
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/60>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#54: Simplify name redaction

Changes (by rob.stradling@comodo.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => invalid


Comment:

 FWIW, the last line in that example should be ".top-secret.com" rather
 than "top-secret.com".

 I've discussed my comment:3 proposal with Ben and Eran.  We've decided to
 not use it.  We'll stick with the SEQUENCE OF INTEGERs extension in the
 current draft.  So, since the idea of simplifying name redaction seems to
 have reached a dead end, I'm marking this ticket as INVALID.

 I've just created ticket #60 to salvage the idea of revealing the number
 of redacted labels.  In a recent discussion on the list, there was clear
 support for this, albeit for security reasons rather than for
 simplification reasons.

-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |       Owner:
  rob.stradling@comodo.com           |  rob.stradling@comodo.com
     Type:  enhancement              |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major                    |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |     Version:
 Severity:  -                        |  Resolution:  invalid
 Keywords:                           |
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/54#comment:4>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#60: The number of redacted labels should be revealed in the Precertificate

Changes (by rob.stradling@comodo.com):

 * owner:  draft-ietf-trans-rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org =>
     rob.stradling@comodo.com


-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |       Owner:
  rob.stradling@comodo.com           |  rob.stradling@comodo.com
     Type:  enhancement              |      Status:  new
 Priority:  major                    |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |     Version:
 Severity:  -                        |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                           |
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/60#comment:1>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#60: The number of redacted labels should be revealed in the Precertificate

Changes (by rob.stradling@comodo.com):

 * type:  enhancement => defect


-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |       Owner:
  rob.stradling@comodo.com           |  rob.stradling@comodo.com
     Type:  defect                   |      Status:  new
 Priority:  major                    |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |     Version:
 Severity:  -                        |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                           |
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/60#comment:2>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#17: Add advice on CNs

Changes (by rob.stradling@comodo.com):

 * status:  new => assigned


Comment:

 We'll use Ben's proposal from comment:2:
 "...we should allow a single CN, which, if present, uses the first entry
 in the redaction list."

 Let's require the Subject CN, if present, to match the first dNSName in
 the SAN extension, so that they can both use the first entry in the
 redaction list.

-- 
-----------------------------+---------------------------------------
 Reporter:  benl@google.com  |       Owner:  rob.stradling@comodo.com
     Type:  defect           |      Status:  assigned
 Priority:  major            |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis      |     Version:
 Severity:  -                |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                   |
-----------------------------+---------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/17#comment:7>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#60: The number of redacted labels should be revealed in the Precertificate

Changes (by rob.stradling@comodo.com):

 * status:  new => assigned


-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |       Owner:
  rob.stradling@comodo.com           |  rob.stradling@comodo.com
     Type:  defect                   |      Status:  assigned
 Priority:  major                    |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |     Version:
 Severity:  -                        |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                           |
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/60#comment:3>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#56: "*" domain labels MUST NOT be redacted

Changes (by rob.stradling@comodo.com):

 * owner:  draft-ietf-trans-rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org =>
     rob.stradling@comodo.com
 * status:  new => assigned


-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |       Owner:
  rob.stradling@comodo.com           |  rob.stradling@comodo.com
     Type:  defect                   |      Status:  assigned
 Priority:  major                    |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |     Version:
 Severity:  -                        |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                           |
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/56#comment:2>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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On 16 February 2015 at 23:39, Karen Seo <kseo@bbn.com> wrote:
> Folks,
>
> I've found the discussion on the list and the analysis itself helpful in
> clarifying and assessing the aims and mechanisms 6962-bis.  It strikes me
> that it would be similarly helpful to other users/readers of 6962-bis.  What
> does the group think of adding it to 6962-bis?

As I indicated in my previous message, it needs some work before it
could be added. However, I do think it is a useful starting point.


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#60: The number of redacted labels should be revealed in the Precertificate

Changes (by pzbowen@gmail.com):

 * cc: pzbowen@gmail.com (added)


-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |       Owner:
  rob.stradling@comodo.com           |  rob.stradling@comodo.com
     Type:  defect                   |      Status:  assigned
 Priority:  major                    |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |     Version:
 Severity:  -                        |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                           |
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/60#comment:4>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#25: Freezing a log's state

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 Fixed at https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/commit/b750e18e45eed3405cb6c956d09a48b2ae48bb4f

-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  eranm@google.com       |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major        |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |     Version:
 Severity:  -            |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/25#comment:1>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Santosh,

Thank you for the encouragement.

Karen

On 2/17/15 8:55 AM, Santosh Chokhani wrote:
> Karen,
>
> This is a good idea.  We need the threat analysis to document the assumptions under which the mechanisms are effective and what the residual vulnerabilities are.
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Trans [mailto:trans-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Karen Seo
> Sent: Monday, February 16, 2015 6:39 PM
> To: trans@ietf.org
> Cc: kseo@bbn.com
> Subject: Re: [Trans] updated attack analysis
>
> Folks,
>
> I've found the discussion on the list and the analysis itself helpful in clarifying and assessing the aims and mechanisms 6962-bis.  It strikes me that it would be similarly helpful to other users/readers of 6962-bis.  What does the group think of adding it to 6962-bis?
>
> Thank you,
> Karen
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>


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I see what you mean. Thank you.

On 2/17/15 10:21 AM, Ben Laurie wrote:
> On 16 February 2015 at 23:39, Karen Seo <kseo@bbn.com> wrote:
>> Folks,
>>
>> I've found the discussion on the list and the analysis itself helpful in
>> clarifying and assessing the aims and mechanisms 6962-bis.  It strikes me
>> that it would be similarly helpful to other users/readers of 6962-bis.  What
>> does the group think of adding it to 6962-bis?
> As I indicated in my previous message, it needs some work before it
> could be added. However, I do think it is a useful starting point.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>


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Folks,

Sorry if my message implied that I thought the text was in its final 
form. I agree that there is not yet consensus on the text/topic and that 
further work is needed. However, if the working group agrees that the 
threat analysis should be added to 6962, then I believe it would be more 
expedient if the text were incorporated into 6962-bis sooner rather than 
later.  Anyone who reviews 6962-bis will then likely review this text, 
increasing the number of eyes on it.  And having the threat analysis in 
the draft will hopefully facilitate its use in ensuring that the 
document is consistent/correct/complete.  Perhaps we could incorporate 
the next revision of the text with any remaining unresolved comments 
placed in the issue tracker?  What do folks think?

Karen


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#24: Add a section about log metadata

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * priority:  major => minor
 * type:  defect => enhancement


Comment:

 Partially closed by https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/commit/b750e18e45eed3405cb6c956d09a48b2ae48bb4f.

 As I said at IETF 90 (transcript is incomplete), allowing a log to define
 its own metadata is obviously a security hole, so it is not clear to me
 what the value of defining an API for the metadata is.

-- 
------------------------------+-------------------------------
 Reporter:  eranm@google.com  |       Owner:  eranm@google.com
     Type:  enhancement       |      Status:  new
 Priority:  minor             |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis       |     Version:
 Severity:  -                 |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                    |
------------------------------+-------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/24#comment:4>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#27: Signature & hash alg specification


Comment (by benl@google.com):

 We would be happy with EC signatures only, but we hear that some people
 are still concerned about IP.

 So, we have to provide an alternative for those people - RSA is considered
 safe, if slower and bigger, so that is what we propose.

-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  kent@bbn.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  new
 Priority:  major        |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |     Version:
 Severity:  Active WG    |  Resolution:
  Document               |
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/27#comment:1>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#27: Signature & hash alg specification

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  kent@bbn.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major        |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |     Version:
 Severity:  Active WG    |  Resolution:  fixed
  Document               |
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/27#comment:2>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #28 (rfc6962-bis): Algorithm agility
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#28: Algorithm agility

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 I believe that cert algorithms are already specified by reference to the
 relevant RFCs, and whatever agility mechanisms those have.

 For the log algorithms, fixed in https://github.com/google/certificate-
 transparency-rfcs/commit/0c5b808345812946d8d36c692f0607b5262ca9a3.

-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  kent@bbn.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major        |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |     Version:
 Severity:  -            |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/28#comment:1>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#29: what does "immediately" mean?

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 Section 3 no longer says this.

-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  kent@bbn.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major        |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |     Version:
 Severity:  -            |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/29#comment:1>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#32: algorithm needed for client checks of SCT

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 I believe this has been addressed by changes in sections 3 and 5.

-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  kent@bbn.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major        |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |     Version:
 Severity:  -            |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/32#comment:2>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] updated attack analysis
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On 17 February 2015 at 19:04, Karen Seo <kseo@bbn.com> wrote:
> Folks,
>
> Sorry if my message implied that I thought the text was in its final form. I
> agree that there is not yet consensus on the text/topic and that further
> work is needed. However, if the working group agrees that the threat
> analysis should be added to 6962, then I believe it would be more expedient
> if the text were incorporated into 6962-bis sooner rather than later.
> Anyone who reviews 6962-bis will then likely review this text, increasing
> the number of eyes on it.  And having the threat analysis in the draft will
> hopefully facilitate its use in ensuring that the document is
> consistent/correct/complete.  Perhaps we could incorporate the next revision
> of the text with any remaining unresolved comments placed in the issue
> tracker?  What do folks think?

I would happily use it as a starting point for text in 6962-bis, but I
would feel compelled to remove text that attempts to force issues
which the WG has already decided to defer to later documents (such as
the definition of a gossip protocol), or has decided it does not have
jurisdiction over (such as client behaviour).


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #60 (rfc6962-bis): The number of redacted labels should be revealed in the Precertificate
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#60: The number of redacted labels should be revealed in the Precertificate


Comment (by rob.stradling@comodo.com):

 Committed as...
 https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/commit/82ee686fa39a4fc10b6bca05aca0aa3d6ca5afd3

 Leaving this ticket open whilst we consult some DNS experts on "?".

-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |       Owner:
  rob.stradling@comodo.com           |  rob.stradling@comodo.com
     Type:  defect                   |      Status:  assigned
 Priority:  major                    |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |     Version:
 Severity:  -                        |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                           |
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/60#comment:5>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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From: Santosh Chokhani <schokhani@cygnacom.com>
To: Ben Laurie <benl@google.com>, Karen Seo <kseo@bbn.com>
Thread-Topic: [Trans] updated attack analysis
Thread-Index: AQHQQUTJaBwtu5DVokCClHZ2IrRITpz0VNuAgAEHQwCAAD5PgIABZbMA///O1AA=
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2015 18:36:14 +0000
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Ben,

The document at least should describe what the residual vulnerability is if=
 the client does not take appropriate/recommended action.

-----Original Message-----
From: Trans [mailto:trans-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Ben Laurie
Sent: Wednesday, February 18, 2015 11:25 AM
To: Karen Seo
Cc: trans@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Trans] updated attack analysis

On 17 February 2015 at 19:04, Karen Seo <kseo@bbn.com> wrote:
> Folks,
>
> Sorry if my message implied that I thought the text was in its final=20
> form. I agree that there is not yet consensus on the text/topic and=20
> that further work is needed. However, if the working group agrees that=20
> the threat analysis should be added to 6962, then I believe it would=20
> be more expedient if the text were incorporated into 6962-bis sooner rath=
er than later.
> Anyone who reviews 6962-bis will then likely review this text,=20
> increasing the number of eyes on it.  And having the threat analysis=20
> in the draft will hopefully facilitate its use in ensuring that the=20
> document is consistent/correct/complete.  Perhaps we could incorporate=20
> the next revision of the text with any remaining unresolved comments=20
> placed in the issue tracker?  What do folks think?

I would happily use it as a starting point for text in 6962-bis, but I woul=
d feel compelled to remove text that attempts to force issues which the WG =
has already decided to defer to later documents (such as the definition of =
a gossip protocol), or has decided it does not have jurisdiction over (such=
 as client behaviour).

_______________________________________________
Trans mailing list
Trans@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans


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On 18 February 2015 at 18:36, Santosh Chokhani <schokhani@cygnacom.com> wro=
te:
> Ben,
>
> The document at least should describe what the residual vulnerability is =
if the client does not take appropriate/recommended action.

I agree, and that is what I suggested in my response...

>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Trans [mailto:trans-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Ben Laurie
> Sent: Wednesday, February 18, 2015 11:25 AM
> To: Karen Seo
> Cc: trans@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Trans] updated attack analysis
>
> On 17 February 2015 at 19:04, Karen Seo <kseo@bbn.com> wrote:
>> Folks,
>>
>> Sorry if my message implied that I thought the text was in its final
>> form. I agree that there is not yet consensus on the text/topic and
>> that further work is needed. However, if the working group agrees that
>> the threat analysis should be added to 6962, then I believe it would
>> be more expedient if the text were incorporated into 6962-bis sooner rat=
her than later.
>> Anyone who reviews 6962-bis will then likely review this text,
>> increasing the number of eyes on it.  And having the threat analysis
>> in the draft will hopefully facilitate its use in ensuring that the
>> document is consistent/correct/complete.  Perhaps we could incorporate
>> the next revision of the text with any remaining unresolved comments
>> placed in the issue tracker?  What do folks think?
>
> I would happily use it as a starting point for text in 6962-bis, but I wo=
uld feel compelled to remove text that attempts to force issues which the W=
G has already decided to defer to later documents (such as the definition o=
f a gossip protocol), or has decided it does not have jurisdiction over (su=
ch as client behaviour).
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans


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To: Ben Laurie <benl@google.com>,  Santosh Chokhani <schokhani@cygnacom.com>
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Subject: Re: [Trans] updated attack analysis
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On 18/02/15 18:50, Ben Laurie wrote:
> On 18 February 2015 at 18:36, Santosh Chokhani <schokhani@cygnacom.com> wrote:
>> Ben,
>>
>> The document at least should describe what the residual vulnerability is if the client does not take appropriate/recommended action.
>
> I agree, and that is what I suggested in my response...

That sounds like this ticket...

http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/55

>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Trans [mailto:trans-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Ben Laurie
>> Sent: Wednesday, February 18, 2015 11:25 AM
>> To: Karen Seo
>> Cc: trans@ietf.org
>> Subject: Re: [Trans] updated attack analysis
>>
>> On 17 February 2015 at 19:04, Karen Seo <kseo@bbn.com> wrote:
>>> Folks,
>>>
>>> Sorry if my message implied that I thought the text was in its final
>>> form. I agree that there is not yet consensus on the text/topic and
>>> that further work is needed. However, if the working group agrees that
>>> the threat analysis should be added to 6962, then I believe it would
>>> be more expedient if the text were incorporated into 6962-bis sooner rather than later.
>>> Anyone who reviews 6962-bis will then likely review this text,
>>> increasing the number of eyes on it.  And having the threat analysis
>>> in the draft will hopefully facilitate its use in ensuring that the
>>> document is consistent/correct/complete.  Perhaps we could incorporate
>>> the next revision of the text with any remaining unresolved comments
>>> placed in the issue tracker?  What do folks think?
>>
>> I would happily use it as a starting point for text in 6962-bis, but I would feel compelled to remove text that attempts to force issues which the WG has already decided to defer to later documents (such as the definition of a gossip protocol), or has decided it does not have jurisdiction over (such as client behaviour).
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Trans mailing list
>> Trans@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>

-- 
Rob Stradling
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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #33 (rfc6962-bis): Cert chain length as log metadata
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#33: Cert chain length as log metadata

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 Fixed at https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/commit/c183b63d1c48841733707f1950b640098e2dfa19.

 The chain length was already a SHOULD.

-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  kent@bbn.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major        |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |     Version:
 Severity:  -            |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/33#comment:1>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#56: "*" domain labels MUST NOT be redacted

Changes (by rob.stradling@comodo.com):

 * status:  assigned => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 Committed as...
 https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/commit/49de5eb87e1e6d29e50c418c00654a79a950522d

-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |       Owner:
  rob.stradling@comodo.com           |  rob.stradling@comodo.com
     Type:  defect                   |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major                    |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |     Version:
 Severity:  -                        |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:                           |
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/56#comment:3>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#17: Add advice on CNs

Changes (by rob.stradling@comodo.com):

 * status:  assigned => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 Committed as...
 https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/commit/49de5eb87e1e6d29e50c418c00654a79a950522d

-- 
-----------------------------+---------------------------------------
 Reporter:  benl@google.com  |       Owner:  rob.stradling@comodo.com
     Type:  defect           |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major            |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis      |     Version:
 Severity:  -                |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:                   |
-----------------------------+---------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/17#comment:8>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#39: Monitor behavior

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => wontfix


Comment:

 As agreed, we are not specifying client behaviour.

-- 
-----------------------------+----------------------
 Reporter:  kent@bbn.com     |       Owner:
     Type:  defect           |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major            |   Milestone:
Component:  client-behavior  |     Version:
 Severity:  -                |  Resolution:  wontfix
 Keywords:                   |
-----------------------------+----------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/39#comment:3>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#39: Monitor behavior

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  closed => reopened
 * resolution:  wontfix =>


Comment:

 Re-opened in case anyone wants to write a client behaviour doc.

-- 
-----------------------------+-----------------------
 Reporter:  kent@bbn.com     |       Owner:
     Type:  defect           |      Status:  reopened
 Priority:  major            |   Milestone:
Component:  client-behavior  |     Version:
 Severity:  -                |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                   |
-----------------------------+-----------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/39#comment:4>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#31: incremental deployment and client behavior

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * component:  rfc6962-bis => client-behavior


-- 
-----------------------------+-------------------------------
 Reporter:  kent@bbn.com     |       Owner:  eranm@google.com
     Type:  defect           |      Status:  new
 Priority:  critical         |   Milestone:
Component:  client-behavior  |     Version:
 Severity:  -                |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                   |
-----------------------------+-------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/31#comment:4>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #34 (rfc6962-bis): use of RFC 5246 syntax to define the SCT
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#34: use of RFC 5246 syntax to define the SCT

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => wontfix


Comment:

 TLS extensions are defined using RFC 5246 format, so clearly it is correct
 to use that format for the TLS extension.

 There is no compelling reason to have multiple SCT formats, and good
 reasons to not do so (complexity, extra signing overhead).

 So, closing this ticket without changing the format.

-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  kent@bbn.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major        |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |     Version:
 Severity:  -            |  Resolution:  wontfix
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/34#comment:2>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Thanks, Rob.

Ben, Rob, Santosh,

I think we're in agreement but just in case.... I agree with Santosh and 
would like to extend that principle. I think that to ensure that it's 
clear to the readers/users of this technology what vulnerabilities it 
covers and what it doesn't, the document needs to include the entire 
attack/threat taxonomy.  Re: your concern about including 
topics/mitigations that the WG has agreed are out of scope, all attacks 
should be included but the document should describe the WG consensus on 
what mitigation is provided (or is not) by 6962, and what the residual 
vulnerabilities are. In the case of client behavior, if the WG decides 
(as described in Ticket 55) to specify but not mandate checks that a 
client could do, then the relevant section of the analysis would state 
this and indicate the residual vulnerabilities.  I admit I'm not sure 
what would then be put into the Security Considerations section, perhaps 
a brief summary and pointers to the relevant sections of the attack 
analysis.  Per BCP 72, the Security Considerations Section MUST describe 
which attacks are out of scope (and why), which attacks are in-scope, etc.

Karen



On 2/18/15 4:07 PM, Rob Stradling wrote:
> On 18/02/15 18:50, Ben Laurie wrote:
>> On 18 February 2015 at 18:36, Santosh Chokhani 
>> <schokhani@cygnacom.com> wrote:
>>> Ben,
>>>
>>> The document at least should describe what the residual 
>>> vulnerability is if the client does not take appropriate/recommended 
>>> action.
>>
>> I agree, and that is what I suggested in my response...
>
> That sounds like this ticket...
>
> http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/55
>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: Trans [mailto:trans-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Ben Laurie
>>> Sent: Wednesday, February 18, 2015 11:25 AM
>>> To: Karen Seo
>>> Cc: trans@ietf.org
>>> Subject: Re: [Trans] updated attack analysis
>>>
>>> On 17 February 2015 at 19:04, Karen Seo <kseo@bbn.com> wrote:
>>>> Folks,
>>>>
>>>> Sorry if my message implied that I thought the text was in its final
>>>> form. I agree that there is not yet consensus on the text/topic and
>>>> that further work is needed. However, if the working group agrees that
>>>> the threat analysis should be added to 6962, then I believe it would
>>>> be more expedient if the text were incorporated into 6962-bis 
>>>> sooner rather than later.
>>>> Anyone who reviews 6962-bis will then likely review this text,
>>>> increasing the number of eyes on it.  And having the threat analysis
>>>> in the draft will hopefully facilitate its use in ensuring that the
>>>> document is consistent/correct/complete.  Perhaps we could incorporate
>>>> the next revision of the text with any remaining unresolved comments
>>>> placed in the issue tracker?  What do folks think?
>>>
>>> I would happily use it as a starting point for text in 6962-bis, but 
>>> I would feel compelled to remove text that attempts to force issues 
>>> which the WG has already decided to defer to later documents (such 
>>> as the definition of a gossip protocol), or has decided it does not 
>>> have jurisdiction over (such as client behaviour).
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Trans mailing list
>>> Trans@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Trans mailing list
>> Trans@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>>
>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #36 (rfc6962-bis): error indications for log/client exchanges
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#36: error indications for log/client exchanges

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 Closed by https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/commit/3ea4baf931c2b479340ab5916267949fc864c4c1.

-- 
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 Reporter:               |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  kent@bbn.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect       |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major        |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis  |     Version:
 Severity:  -            |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:               |
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/36#comment:1>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] SCT encoding
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Ben,

>
> My thinking is that:
>
> 1. There is concern, generally, about the size of certificates (really 
> about the size of handshakes).
That concern varies a lot, depending on context. I don't agree that this 
is a universal, major
concern. Look at JSON; it's use of XML encoding suggests no concern 
about bloat in a web context.
>
> 2. Embedding SCTs in certs leads to more bloat than either OCSP 
> stapling or the TLS extension because the SCTs cannot be updated, and 
> so more are required (see Chrome's EV/CT policy).
I am not familiar with Chrome's EV/CT policy, and I think you argued 
that what Google has chosen to
do is out of scope, in the context of a prior argument in TRANS. Anyway, 
absent a spec for TLS client
behavior, one cannot discuss the need to update SCTs, right?
> 3. Embedding SCTs in certs runs the risk that the SCTs will become 
> invalid before the cert does.
until we have a precise description of how a client will deal with an 
invalid SCT, we can't
really evaluate the implications of this potential mismatch. Also, what 
causes an SCT to become
invalid?.
> 4. Certs are not generally updated before expiry.
agreed.
> 5. Stapled OCSP requires the CA, the webserver and the CT logs to be 
> actively involved.
agreed. which gets back to my question from several months ago as to why 
we have 3 ways
of signalling SCT info.
> 6. The TLS extension only requires the webserver and the CT logs to be 
> actively involved.
agreed, if the web serer operator submits the cert to the log.
> 7. All three mechanisms can be made essentially automatic from the 
> webservers POV.
This point, in conjunction with #5, sounds like you're trying to have it 
both ways :-).

Lots of things can be made automatic, with the right support software. 
In the IETF
we often try (though we do not always succeed) to limit the number of 
mandatory to
support ways to do the same thing. That's why I questioned the 
specification of OCSP
delivery of SCT data, plus pre-certs plus TLS handshake delivery.
> So, I would expect in the long run that the TLS extension would be the 
> favoured option.
Maybe. But, as I noted, if CAs have already gone to the trouble of 
embedding SCT data in
certs, and if this is free for web site operators, there seems to be 
more inertia than
motivation to change, from the perspective of operators.

Steve


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Subject: Re: [Trans] SCT encoding
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Ben,
> My argument is that over time servers will deal with SCTs 
> automatically and CAs will stop including SCTs (at least optionally) 
> as a result.
I understand your assertion, but I don't feel that you have made a 
strong case for why this
specific path will become the norm.



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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #34 (rfc6962-bis): use of RFC 5246 syntax to define the SCT
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------040906070402040207020503
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I disagree with this proposed resolution of the issue.

RFC 5246 says of the syntax:

    ...  The following very basic and somewhat casually
    defined presentation syntax will be used.  The syntax draws from
    several sources in its structure.  Although it resembles the
    programming language "C" in its syntax and XDR [XDR] in both its
    syntax and intent, it would be risky to draw too many parallels. *The**
**   purpose of this presentation language is to document TLS only; it has**
**   no general application beyond that particular goal.*

Thus use of this syntax in an X.509 cert extension is contrary to the 
spirit of 5246.

Steve
> #34: use of RFC 5246 syntax to define the SCT
>
> Changes (bybenl@google.com):
>
>   * status:  new => closed
>   * resolution:   => wontfix
>
>
> Comment:
>
>   TLS extensions are defined using RFC 5246 format, so clearly it is correct
>   to use that format for the TLS extension.
>
>   There is no compelling reason to have multiple SCT formats, and good
>   reasons to not do so (complexity, extra signing overhead).
>
>   So, closing this ticket without changing the format.
>


--------------040906070402040207020503
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<html>
  <head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
      http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    I disagree with this proposed resolution of the issue.<br>
    <br>
    RFC 5246 says of the syntax:<br>
    <br>
       ...  The following very basic and somewhat casually<br>
       defined presentation syntax will be used.  The syntax draws from<br>
       several sources in its structure.  Although it resembles the<br>
       programming language "C" in its syntax and XDR [XDR] in both its<br>
       syntax and intent, it would be risky to draw too many parallels. 
    <b>The</b><b><br>
    </b><b>   purpose of this presentation language is to document TLS
      only; it has</b><b><br>
    </b><b>   no general application beyond that particular goal.</b><br>
    <br>
    Thus use of this syntax in an X.509 cert extension is contrary to
    the spirit of 5246.<br>
    <br>
    Steve<br>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:067.3f6fd76ea878508f23fc24cdf754d7e0@tools.ietf.org"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">#34: use of RFC 5246 syntax to define the SCT

Changes (by <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:benl@google.com">benl@google.com</a>):

 * status:  new =&gt; closed
 * resolution:   =&gt; wontfix


Comment:

 TLS extensions are defined using RFC 5246 format, so clearly it is correct
 to use that format for the TLS extension.

 There is no compelling reason to have multiple SCT formats, and good
 reasons to not do so (complexity, extra signing overhead).

 So, closing this ticket without changing the format.

</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

--------------040906070402040207020503--


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #28 (rfc6962-bis): Algorithm agility
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I disagree with the explanation provided below.

referencing an RFC that defines an alg does not satisfy the need to
specify how a system like CT transitions to using a new alg, signaling
the transition to all affected parties, etc.
> #28: Algorithm agility
>
> Changes (bybenl@google.com):
>
>   * status:  new => closed
>   * resolution:   => fixed
>
>
> Comment:
>
>   I believe that cert algorithms are already specified by reference to the
>   relevant RFCs, and whatever agility mechanisms those have.
>
>   For the log algorithms, fixed inhttps://github.com/google/certificate-
>   transparency-rfcs/commit/0c5b808345812946d8d36c692f0607b5262ca9a3.
>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] updated attack analysis
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Ben,
> On 17 February 2015 at 19:04, Karen Seo<kseo@bbn.com>  wrote:
>> Folks,
>>
>> Sorry if my message implied that I thought the text was in its final form. I
>> agree that there is not yet consensus on the text/topic and that further
>> work is needed. However, if the working group agrees that the threat
>> analysis should be added to 6962, then I believe it would be more expedient
>> if the text were incorporated into 6962-bis sooner rather than later.
>> Anyone who reviews 6962-bis will then likely review this text, increasing
>> the number of eyes on it.  And having the threat analysis in the draft will
>> hopefully facilitate its use in ensuring that the document is
>> consistent/correct/complete.  Perhaps we could incorporate the next revision
>> of the text with any remaining unresolved comments placed in the issue
>> tracker?  What do folks think?
> I would happily use it as a starting point for text in 6962-bis, but I
> would feel compelled to remove text that attempts to force issues
> which the WG has already decided to defer to later documents (such as
> the definition of a gossip protocol), or has decided it does not have
> jurisdiction over (such as client behaviour)

The WG can elect to move a discussion of client behavior and gossip
protocols into separate docs. That's a good approach to keeping
each do a reasonable size. But, a security analysis of CT needs to
provide a taxonomy of attacks, explore the implications of failures
or compromises of different system elements, and describe residual
vulnerabilities based on what is and is not mandated by the specs.
Thus, by deferring specs for other elements of the system, the analysis
will, of necessity, identify more residual vulnerabilities.

Steve


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Subject: Re: [Trans] updated attack analysis
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Ben,

Thanks for the feedback on my attack analysis text. I will make some 
changes based on
your comments.


>     *XX*.1 Non-malicious Web PKI CA context
>
>
>
> Note that there's nothing special about the log here: anyone can 
> detect syntactic mis-issuance by simply feeding the certificate to an 
> appropriate tool.
I agree. But, if a log elects to offer this service, the results of the 
check visible to all clients
(e.g., TLS and Monitors) and that has two useful benefits. Also, even if 
a log does not perform a
syntax check, the fact that a submitter asserted the type of cert being 
logged is useful to TLS clients,
and maybe to Monitors and the Audit function.
>
> The lack of a requirement for rejection does not mean that popular TLS 
> clients will not reject. As you know, Chrome will shortly stop showing 
> EV indicators for EV certs without valid SCTs, even though there is no 
> requirement to do so.
>
> It seems to me a more accurate analysis would be along the lines of:
>
> _"If TLS clients do not reject certificates or otherwise notify users 
> when no SCT is provided, the preferred strategy for an attacker is to 
> not log bogus certificates_. (See XX.1.2.2 and Note 3.)."
I agree with your suggested text change.
>
>     *XX*.1.2.2 The bogus certificate may not have been submitted to
>     any logs. In this case, Monitors will not detect the bogus
>     certificate. _Since TLS clients are not required to reject a
>     certificate that lacks (or is not accompanied by) an SCT, or even
>     to notify a user in such situations, the attacker will not be
>     thwarted in this case._ (See Note 3.)
>
ibid.
>
>     XX.1.2.3 The bogus certificate may have been submitted to logs
>     that are conspiring with the attacker. In this case, Monitors will
>     not detect the bogus certificate because the logs will suppress a
>     bogus certificate log entry. TLS clients will not reject a bogus
>     certificate in this case, because it is accompanied by an SCT. In
>     this scenario, unless Monitors â€œgossipâ€� to detect conspiring logs,
>     the bogus certificate will not be detected. _Because there are no
>     requirements for such gossiping, an attack of this sort can
>     succeed based on the current CT design._
>
>
> Again, lack of requirement does not imply lack of implementation. 
> Again, I would suggest this should be phrased conditionally.
In the context of a standard, one OUGHT NOT (as per 6919) rely on client 
behavior that is not mandated.
I could re-phrase this, but there is a bigger issue lurking here. If 
mandated client behavior is
out of scope for 6269-bis, i.e., if the doc focuses only on the 
operation of logs, then I believe
the doc cannot be evaluated (and thus approved by the WG) until 
ancillary docs specifying client
behavior have been completed. My argument is that we don't know if the 
spec for log operation
is complete and correct until we know what log clients will do based on 
interactions with a log,
processing of SCTs, etc.
>
>     __
>
>     XX.1.2.4 If a semantically bogus certificate is submitted to
>     non-conspiring logs, a Subject performing self-monitoring will be
>     able to detect the bogus certificate and request revocation.
>
>
> Not sure of the relevance of "non-conspiring" here?
If logs conspire with a CA, they may not report a log entry for a bogus 
cert to an affected subject.
>
>     _Since there is no requirement that a TLS client can be configured
>     to reject a certificate that has not been syntactically checked
>     (as indicated by the SCT), a malicious CA need not worry about
>     failing a log-based check. Similarly, _
>
>     _since there is no requirement for a TLS client to reject a
>     certificate that was logged by an operator that does not perform
>     syntactic checks, the fourth approach noted above will succeed as
>     well_. If a client were configured to know which versions of
>     certificate types are applicable to its use of a certificate, the
>     second and third strategies noted above could be thwarted.
>
>
> Again, the log has no special role to play in the detection of 
> syntactic errors: TLS clients that wish to reject such certificates 
> can do so unaided. Indeed, I would've thought conformance to existing 
> RFCs would imply such behaviour - and if they don't, surely CT is not 
> the place to fix that?
I noted above why syntax checking by logs is beneficial. Experience 
shows that a number of TLS clients
have been very bad about checking certs relative to existing RFCs, so 
having such checks offered
by logs is beneficial for that reason too. CT is supposed to create an 
infrastructure that helps
detect/deter issuance of "mis-issued" certs?  Syntactically broken certs 
are mis-issued, relative
to a specified cert profile, whether that DV, EV, S/MIME, or whatever.

>     *XX*.2.2 Because the CA is presumed malicious, it may choose to
>     not submit a certificate to a log. This avoids detection of
>     syntactic mis-issuance by a log, but it also means there is no SCT
>     for the certificate. _Since there is no requirement for a TLS
>     client to reject a certificate that lacks (or is not accompanied
>     by) an SCT, this form of mis-issuance will succeed. (See Note 3.)_
>
>
> See above (both on requirements and on CT's role in syntax).
see my (distinct) replies to you comments above.
>
>     *XX*.2.3 A malicious CA may submit a certificate to one or more
>     logs that collude with this CA to not perform syntactic checks,
>     even though they claim to do so. In this case syntactic
>     mis-issuance will not be detected by logs. The log entry and the
>     SCT for a syntactically invalid certificate will assert that the
>     certificate syntax was verified. Unless Monitors also perform
>     syntactic checks, this form of mis-issuance will not be thwarted.
>     TLS clients will believe that the certificate has been
>     syntactically verified.
>
>
> Why would they believe that, given there's no requirement to do such 
> verification?
Since there appear to be NO TLS client requirements today :-).

As I mentioned earlier, until we have a complete set of specs for client 
behavior, TLS
clients and Monitors, we can't have high confidence that the CT log spec 
is right.
>
>
>     ***XX*.2.4.1 A bogus certificate may not have been submitted to
>     any logs. In this case, Monitors will not detect the bogus
>     certificate. _Since there is no requirement for a TLS client to
>     reject a certificate that lacks (or is not accompanied by) an SCT,
>     there is no motivation for an attacker to submit the certificate
>     in this case. (See Note 3.)_
>
>
> See above.
I'll change this to be consistent with the text change you noted earlier.
>
>     A final note: Now that certificate pinning has been approved as a
>     standard (currently in the RFC Editorâ€™s queue), it is appropriate
>     to factor in its use by TLS clients. It would appear that pinning
>     will dramatically reduce the set of TLS clients that are
>     vulnerable to mis-issuance; a client that pins a certificate for a
>     web site would reject a bogus certificate without use of any CT
>     mechanisms. The security considerations section of 6962-bis needs
>     to note this, since deployment of pinning appears to reduces the
>     need for CT in the Web PKI context.
>
>
> It is Google's view that pinning is not a scalable solution, unlike 
> CT. We do not agree that pinning reduces the need for CT.
Well, some part of Google obviously believes pinning is a useful 
solution, since all three editors for
the pinning spec are from Google :-).

More to the point, we're developing an IETF RFC; Google's "view" is just 
one input. Thus your
very terse reply is not a basis for failing to address this obvious issue.

Steve


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    Ben,<br>
    <br>
    Thanks for the feedback on my attack analysis text. I will make some
    changes based on<br>
    your comments.<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CABrd9SSwH3a03kZeWHKjCrZS9KyjvZYwSBWifkeKR5j5wuBo4A@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_extra">
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Â </span><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.1


                    Non-malicious Web PKI CA context</span> </p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span><br>
                  </span></p>
              </div>
            </blockquote>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>Note that there's nothing special about the log here:
              anyone can detect syntactic mis-issuance by simply feeding
              the certificate to an appropriate tool.</div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    I agree. But, if a log elects to offer this service, the results of
    the check visible to all clients<br>
    (e.g., TLS and Monitors) and that has two useful benefits. Also,
    even if a log does not perform a<br>
    syntax check, the fact that a submitter asserted the type of cert
    being logged is useful to TLS clients,<br>
    and maybe to Monitors and the Audit function.<br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CABrd9SSwH3a03kZeWHKjCrZS9KyjvZYwSBWifkeKR5j5wuBo4A@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_extra">
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <div>Â </div>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>The lack of a requirement for rejection does not mean
              that popular TLS clients will not reject. As you know,
              Chrome will shortly stop showing EV indicators for EV
              certs without valid SCTs, even though there is no
              requirement to do so.</div>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>It seems to me a more accurate analysis would be along
              the lines of:</div>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div><u
style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">"If


                TLS clients do not reject certificates or otherwise
                notify users when no SCT is provided, the preferred
                strategy for an attacker is to not log bogus
                certificates</u><span
style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline!important;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">.
                (See XX.1.2.2 and Note 3.)."</span><br>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    I agree with your suggested text change.<br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CABrd9SSwH3a03kZeWHKjCrZS9KyjvZYwSBWifkeKR5j5wuBo4A@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_extra">
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <div><span
style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline!important;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br>
              </span></div>
            <div>Â </div>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Â </span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.1.2.2
                    The bogus certificate may not have been submitted to
                    any logs. In this case, Monitors will not detect the
                    bogus certificate. <u>Since TLS clients are not
                      required to reject a certificate that lacks (or is
                      not accompanied by) an SCT, or even to notify a
                      user in such situations, the attacker will not be
                      thwarted in this case.</u> (See Note 3.)</span></p>
              </div>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    ibid.<br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CABrd9SSwH3a03kZeWHKjCrZS9KyjvZYwSBWifkeKR5j5wuBo4A@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_extra">
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <div>Â </div>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Â </span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span>XX.1.2.3 The bogus
                    certificate may have been submitted to logs that are
                    conspiring with the attacker. In this case, Monitors
                    will not detect the bogus certificate because the
                    logs will suppress a bogus certificate log entry. <s>TLS



                      clients will not reject a bogus certificate in
                      this case, because it is accompanied by an SCT.</s>
                    In this scenario, unless Monitors â€œgossipâ€� to detect
                    conspiring logs, the bogus certificate will not be
                    detected. <u>Because there are no requirements for
                      such gossiping, an attack of this sort can succeed
                      based on the current CT design.</u></span></p>
              </div>
            </blockquote>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>Again, lack of requirement does not imply lack of
              implementation. Again, I would suggest this should be
              phrased conditionally.</div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    In the context of a standard, one OUGHT NOT (as per 6919) rely on
    client behavior that is not mandated.<br>
    I could re-phrase this, but there is a bigger issue lurking here. If
    mandated client behavior is <br>
    out of scope for 6269-bis, i.e., if the doc focuses only on the
    operation of logs, then I believe <br>
    the doc cannot be evaluated (and thus approved by the WG) until
    ancillary docs specifying client <br>
    behavior have been completed. My argument is that we don't know if
    the spec for log operation <br>
    is complete and correct until we know what log clients will do based
    on interactions with a log, <br>
    processing of SCTs, etc.<br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CABrd9SSwH3a03kZeWHKjCrZS9KyjvZYwSBWifkeKR5j5wuBo4A@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_extra">
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <div>Â </div>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><u><span><span
                        style="text-decoration:none">Â </span></span></u></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span>XX.1.2.4 If a semantically
                    bogus certificate is submitted to non-conspiring
                    logs, a Subject performing self-monitoring will be
                    able to detect the bogus certificate and request
                    revocation.</span></p>
              </div>
            </blockquote>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>Not sure of the relevance of "non-conspiring" here?</div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    If logs conspire with a CA, they may not report a log entry for a
    bogus cert to an affected subject.<br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CABrd9SSwH3a03kZeWHKjCrZS9KyjvZYwSBWifkeKR5j5wuBo4A@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_extra">
          <div class="gmail_quote"><br>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"><span>Â </span><span></span><u><span>Since


                    there is no requirement that a TLS client can be
                    configured to reject a certificate that has not been
                    syntactically checked (as indicated by the SCT), a
                    malicious CA need not worry about failing a
                    log-based check. Similarly, </span></u>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><u><span>since there is no
                      requirement for a TLS client to reject a
                      certificate that was logged by an operator that
                      does not perform syntactic checks, the fourth
                      approach noted above will succeed as well</span></u><span>.
                    If a client were configured to know which versions
                    of certificate types are applicable to its use of a
                    certificate, the second and third strategies noted
                    above could be thwarted.</span></p>
              </div>
            </blockquote>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>Again, the log has no special role to play in the
              detection of syntactic errors: TLS clients that wish to
              reject such certificates can do so unaided. Indeed, I
              would've thought conformance to existing RFCs would imply
              such behaviour - and if they don't, surely CT is not the
              place to fix that?</div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    I noted above why syntax checking by logs is beneficial. Experience
    shows that a number of TLS clients <br>
    have been very bad about checking certs relative to existing RFCs,
    so having such checks offered <br>
    by logs is beneficial for that reason too. CT is supposed to create
    an infrastructure that helps <br>
    detect/deter issuance of "mis-issued" certs?Â  Syntactically broken
    certs are mis-issued, relative<br>
    to a specified cert profile, whether that DV, EV, S/MIME, or
    whatever.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CABrd9SSwH3a03kZeWHKjCrZS9KyjvZYwSBWifkeKR5j5wuBo4A@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_extra">
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span></span></p>
                <p style="margin-left:0.25in"><span>Â </span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.2.2
                    Because the CA is presumed malicious, it may choose
                    to not submit a certificate to a log. This avoids
                    detection of syntactic mis-issuance by a log, but it
                    also means there is no SCT for the certificate. <u>Since


                      there is no requirement for a TLS client to reject
                      a certificate that lacks (or is not accompanied
                      by) an SCT, this form of mis-issuance will
                      succeed. (See Note 3.)</u></span></p>
              </div>
            </blockquote>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>See above (both on requirements and on CT's role in
              syntax).</div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    see my (distinct) replies to you comments above.<br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CABrd9SSwH3a03kZeWHKjCrZS9KyjvZYwSBWifkeKR5j5wuBo4A@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_extra">
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <div>Â </div>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Â </span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.2.3 A
                    malicious CA may submit a certificate to one or more
                    logs that collude with this CA to not perform
                    syntactic checks, even though they claim to do so.
                    In this case syntactic mis-issuance will not be
                    detected by logs. <span>Â </span>The log entry and
                    the SCT for a syntactically invalid certificate will
                    assert that the certificate syntax was verified.
                    Unless Monitors also perform syntactic checks, this
                    form of mis-issuance will not be thwarted. TLS
                    clients will believe that the certificate has been
                    syntactically verified.</span></p>
              </div>
            </blockquote>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>Why would they believe that, given there's no
              requirement to do such verification?</div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    Since there appear to be NO TLS client requirements today :-).<br>
    <br>
    As I mentioned earlier, until we have a complete set of specs for
    client behavior, TLS<br>
    clients and Monitors, we can't have high confidence that the CT log
    spec is right. <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CABrd9SSwH3a03kZeWHKjCrZS9KyjvZYwSBWifkeKR5j5wuBo4A@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_extra">
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <div>Â </div>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span><br>
                  </span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span></span></b><span></span><b><span>XX</span></b><span>.2.4.1
A



                    bogus certificate may not have been submitted to any
                    logs. In this case, Monitors will not detect the
                    bogus certificate. <u>Since there is no requirement
                      for a TLS client to reject a certificate that
                      lacks (or is not accompanied by) an SCT, there is
                      no motivation for an attacker to submit the
                      certificate in this case. (See Note 3.)</u></span></p>
              </div>
            </blockquote>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>See above.</div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    I'll change this to be consistent with the text change you noted
    earlier.<br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CABrd9SSwH3a03kZeWHKjCrZS9KyjvZYwSBWifkeKR5j5wuBo4A@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_extra">
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <div>Â </div>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span></span></p>
                <span> </span><span></span><span>A final note: Now that
                  certificate pinning has been approved as a standard
                  (currently in the RFC Editorâ€™s queue), it is
                  appropriate to factor in its use by TLS clients. It
                  would appear that pinning will dramatically reduce the
                  set of TLS clients that are vulnerable to
                  mis-issuance; a client that pins a certificate for a
                  web site would reject a bogus certificate without use
                  of any CT mechanisms. The security considerations
                  section of 6962-bis needs to note this, since
                  deployment of pinning appears to reduces the need for
                  CT in the Web PKI context.</span></div>
            </blockquote>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>It is Google's view that pinning is not a scalable
              solution, unlike CT. We do not agree that pinning reduces
              the need for CT.<br>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    Well, some part of Google obviously believes pinning is a useful
    solution, since all three editors for<br>
    the pinning spec are from Google :-).<br>
    <br>
    More to the point, we're developing an IETF RFC; Google's "view" is
    just one input. Thus your<br>
    very terse reply is not a basis for failing to address this obvious
    issue.<br>
    <br>
    Steve<br>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

--------------050105050104080308020808--


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Subject: Re: [Trans] SCT encoding
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On Thu, Feb 26, 2015 at 03:37:17PM -0500, Stephen Kent wrote:
> Ben,
>
> >My argument is that over time servers will deal with SCTs automatically
> >and CAs will stop including SCTs (at least optionally) as a result.
>
> I understand your assertion, but I don't feel that you have made a strong
> case for why this specific path will become the norm.

Because it is operationally more flexible than embedding SCTs in the
certificate (rotating SCTs if logs cease operation or become untrusted), and
hence can make the TLS handshake smaller (only need to transmit the one SCT
that is trusted, rather than N SCTs in the certificate).

- Matt


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On Thu, Feb 26, 2015 at 03:37:04PM -0500, Stephen Kent wrote:
> Ben,
> 
> >My thinking is that:
> >
> >1. There is concern, generally, about the size of certificates (really
> >about the size of handshakes).

> That concern varies a lot, depending on context. I don't agree that this
> is a universal, major concern.  Look at JSON; it's use of XML encoding
> suggests no concern about bloat in a web context.

This isn't a *web* context, though; it's a TLS session establishment
context.  Bloating the handshake so as to require an additional round trip
increases session establishment time, which degrades user experience --
something which is generally considered a bad thing.

> >3. Embedding SCTs in certs runs the risk that the SCTs will become invalid
> >before the cert does.
>
> until we have a precise description of how a client will deal with an
> invalid SCT, we can't really evaluate the implications of this potential
> mismatch.  Also, what causes an SCT to become invalid?.

An SCT becomes invalid when the log which issued it ceases to be trusted by
the browser.

- Matt


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--089e01628326d90b3d051005d1df
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The "TLS" syntax/notation is also used to describe certificates and
messages in ITS world. It's very bad, but that's not RFC5246 authors's
fault.

X.509 permits the inclusion of anything in an extension, as long as it's
enclosed in something that has an ASN.1+DER representation, whence the
double OCTET STRING sometimes found. That's not new to CT.

2015-02-26 21:37 GMT+01:00 Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>:

>  I disagree with this proposed resolution of the issue.
>
> RFC 5246 says of the syntax:
>
>    ...  The following very basic and somewhat casually
>    defined presentation syntax will be used.  The syntax draws from
>    several sources in its structure.  Although it resembles the
>    programming language "C" in its syntax and XDR [XDR] in both its
>    syntax and intent, it would be risky to draw too many parallels.  *The*
> *   purpose of this presentation language is to document TLS only; it has*
> *   no general application beyond that particular goal.*
>
> Thus use of this syntax in an X.509 cert extension is contrary to the
> spirit of 5246.
>
> Steve
>
> #34: use of RFC 5246 syntax to define the SCT
>
> Changes (by benl@google.com):
>
>  * status:  new => closed
>  * resolution:   => wontfix
>
>
> Comment:
>
>  TLS extensions are defined using RFC 5246 format, so clearly it is correct
>  to use that format for the TLS extension.
>
>  There is no compelling reason to have multiple SCT formats, and good
>  reasons to not do so (complexity, extra signing overhead).
>
>  So, closing this ticket without changing the format.
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>
>


-- 
Erwann.

--089e01628326d90b3d051005d1df
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<div dir=3D"ltr">The &quot;TLS&quot; syntax/notation is also used to descri=
be certificates and messages in ITS world. It&#39;s very bad, but that&#39;=
s not RFC5246 authors&#39;s fault.<div><br></div><div>X.509 permits the inc=
lusion of anything in an extension, as long as it&#39;s enclosed in somethi=
ng that has an ASN.1+DER representation, whence the double OCTET STRING som=
etimes found. That&#39;s not new to CT.<br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><=
div class=3D"gmail_quote">2015-02-26 21:37 GMT+01:00 Stephen Kent <span dir=
=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:kent@bbn.com" target=3D"_blank">kent@bbn.com=
</a>&gt;</span>:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0=
 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
 =20
   =20
 =20
  <div bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" text=3D"#000000">
    I disagree with this proposed resolution of the issue.<br>
    <br>
    RFC 5246 says of the syntax:<br>
    <br>
    =C2=A0=C2=A0 ...=C2=A0 The following very basic and somewhat casually<b=
r>
    =C2=A0=C2=A0 defined presentation syntax will be used.=C2=A0 The syntax=
 draws from<br>
    =C2=A0=C2=A0 several sources in its structure.=C2=A0 Although it resemb=
les the<br>
    =C2=A0=C2=A0 programming language &quot;C&quot; in its syntax and XDR [=
XDR] in both its<br>
    =C2=A0=C2=A0 syntax and intent, it would be risky to draw too many para=
llels.=C2=A0
    <b>The</b><b><br>
    </b><b>=C2=A0=C2=A0 purpose of this presentation language is to documen=
t TLS
      only; it has</b><b><br>
    </b><b>=C2=A0=C2=A0 no general application beyond that particular goal.=
</b><br>
    <br>
    Thus use of this syntax in an X.509 cert extension is contrary to
    the spirit of 5246.<br>
    <br>
    Steve<br>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite">
      <pre>#34: use of RFC 5246 syntax to define the SCT

Changes (by <a href=3D"mailto:benl@google.com" target=3D"_blank">benl@googl=
e.com</a>):

 * status:  new =3D&gt; closed
 * resolution:   =3D&gt; wontfix


Comment:

 TLS extensions are defined using RFC 5246 format, so clearly it is correct
 to use that format for the TLS extension.

 There is no compelling reason to have multiple SCT formats, and good
 reasons to not do so (complexity, extra signing overhead).

 So, closing this ticket without changing the format.

</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </div>

<br>_______________________________________________<br>
Trans mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Trans@ietf.org">Trans@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans" target=3D"_blank">h=
ttps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div cla=
ss=3D"gmail_signature">Erwann.</div>
</div></div></div>

--089e01628326d90b3d051005d1df--


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #34 (rfc6962-bis): use of RFC 5246 syntax to define the SCT
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On 26/02/15 15:37, Stephen Kent wrote:
> I disagree with this proposed resolution of the issue.
>
> RFC 5246 says of the syntax:
>
>     ...  The following very basic and somewhat casually
>     defined presentation syntax will be used.  The syntax draws from
>     several sources in its structure.  Although it resembles the
>     programming language "C" in its syntax and XDR [XDR] in both its
>     syntax and intent, it would be risky to draw too many parallels. *The**
> **   purpose of this presentation language is to document TLS only; it has**
> **   no general application beyond that particular goal.*
>
> Thus use of this syntax in an X.509 cert extension is contrary to the
> spirit of 5246.

If that was the intended spirit, why didn't the 5246 authors write this 
instead:

"; it MUST NOT be used beyond that particular goal."

?

> Steve
>> #34: use of RFC 5246 syntax to define the SCT
>>
>> Changes (bybenl@google.com):
>>
>>   * status:  new => closed
>>   * resolution:   => wontfix
>>
>>
>> Comment:
>>
>>   TLS extensions are defined using RFC 5246 format, so clearly it is correct
>>   to use that format for the TLS extension.
>>
>>   There is no compelling reason to have multiple SCT formats, and good
>>   reasons to not do so (complexity, extra signing overhead).
>>
>>   So, closing this ticket without changing the format.
>>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>

-- 
Rob Stradling
Senior Research & Development Scientist
COMODO - Creating Trust Online
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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #34 (rfc6962-bis): use of RFC 5246 syntax to define the SCT
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First, I need to apologize for being largely checked out the
past while - I've been down with a particularly virulent flu
and am still largely flattened by it.  I'll do better.

Second, taking my chair hat off, a couple of comments on the
syntax question: I'm not sure that there have been any
technical arguments made for why either approach must be
excluded, which would be the first place to start, I think.
5246 definitely does not say that that syntax must not be used
for anything else, ever.  What it says is:

"The purpose of this presentation language is to document TLS only; it
has no general application beyond that particular goal."

Because you've wanted to treat this legalistically I think it's
reasonable to point out that the phrase "has no general application"
does not exclude the use of the same syntax to describe what
are TLS-coupled data structures, unless you're arguing that
CT logging of TLS certs would be a "general application."  Even so,
you don't have to look through many IETF specifications to find
instances of later protocols violating some of the constraints written
into earlier specifications - for example, in RSVP-TE extensions to
RSVP.  So, I think that's a tough path to follow.

Frankly, in the absence of compelling technical arguments either
way, my personal inclination is to privilege implementation.  Again,
that's my *personal* inclination.  In the meantime, if there's a
compelling technical argument against this encoding, it's definitely
time to make it.  We do need to make progress and not keep
going over the same ground and arriving at same outcomes.

Melinda


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #47 (rfc6962-bis): Clarify how to deal with (minor) DER violations when manipulating a TBSCertificate
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#47: Clarify how to deal with (minor) DER violations when manipulating a
TBSCertificate


Comment (by eranm@google.com):

 Seems to me that this issue is still present after the Precertificate
 changes as clients would still have to manipulate the final X.509
 certificate to extract the TBSCertificate part, remove extensions and
 reconstruct the redacted TBSCertificate if there are redactions.
 It would be exacerbated if we accept ticket #4 (Signing the TBSCertificate
 part for certificates as well).

 Ben, are you suggesting the log does not provide SCTs for such
 certificates but does include them in the tree?

-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  rob.stradling@comodo.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect                   |      Status:  new
 Priority:  major                    |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |     Version:
 Severity:  -                        |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                           |
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/47#comment:4>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #39 (client-behavior): Monitor behavior
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#39: Monitor behavior


Comment (by eranm@google.com):

 Out for review in https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/pull/31
 Only provides an example of what a monitor may do.

-- 
-----------------------------+-----------------------
 Reporter:  kent@bbn.com     |       Owner:
     Type:  defect           |      Status:  reopened
 Priority:  major            |   Milestone:
Component:  client-behavior  |     Version:
 Severity:  -                |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                   |
-----------------------------+-----------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/39#comment:5>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #4 (rfc6962-bis): Should we sign TBS for Certificates?
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#4: Should we sign TBS for Certificates?


Comment (by eranm@google.com):

 IIRC Rob Stradling suggested this is a good idea to avoid the issue of
 logs being susceptible to spamming by varying the signature algorithm
 specifier in the signature part of the X.509 certificate (so it does not
 match the one in the TBSCertificate part).

-- 
------------------------------+------------------------------
 Reporter:  eranm@google.com  |       Owner:  benl@google.com
     Type:  defect            |      Status:  new
 Priority:  major             |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis       |     Version:
 Severity:  -                 |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                    |
------------------------------+------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/4#comment:1>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#4: Should we sign TBS for Certificates?


Comment (by rob.stradling@comodo.com):

 Yes.  There are an unlimited number of ways that a spammer could
 incorrectly re-encode the signature algorithm parameters in the signature
 part of a single certificate, so I think we definitely need to address
 this.
 We could address it by saying that logs MUST check that the signature
 parameters are encoded identically in a cert's signature part and
 TBSCertificate part, but I think this ticket's suggestion (to always sign
 TBS) is the more elegant solution.

-- 
------------------------------+------------------------------
 Reporter:  eranm@google.com  |       Owner:  benl@google.com
     Type:  defect            |      Status:  new
 Priority:  major             |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis       |     Version:
 Severity:  -                 |  Resolution:
 Keywords:                    |
------------------------------+------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/4#comment:2>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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#49: Explain why OCSP Stapling is acceptable but OCSP Fetching is not

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => invalid


Comment:

 We already explain why, closing.

-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  rob.stradling@comodo.com           |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  defect                   |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major                    |   Milestone:
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |     Version:
 Severity:  -                        |  Resolution:  invalid
 Keywords:                           |
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/49#comment:2>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #34 (rfc6962-bis): use of RFC 5246 syntax to define the SCT
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Rob,
> On 26/02/15 15:37, Stephen Kent wrote:
>> I disagree with this proposed resolution of the issue.
>>
>> RFC 5246 says of the syntax:
>>
>>     ...  The following very basic and somewhat casually
>>     defined presentation syntax will be used.  The syntax draws from
>>     several sources in its structure.  Although it resembles the
>>     programming language "C" in its syntax and XDR [XDR] in both its
>>     syntax and intent, it would be risky to draw too many parallels. 
>> *The**
>> **   purpose of this presentation language is to document TLS only; 
>> it has**
>> **   no general application beyond that particular goal.*
>>
>> Thus use of this syntax in an X.509 cert extension is contrary to the
>> spirit of 5246.
>
> If that was the intended spirit, why didn't the 5246 authors write 
> this instead:
>
> "; it MUST NOT be used beyond that particular goal."
That's a fair question for EKR. Normally an RFC author doesn't say that 
a given
construct is intended for use only in the context of the RFC. We usually 
like
to assume that what we develop may have more widespread application 
beyond the
context of the RFC. When an author does make a statement of the sort 
cited above,
it suggests that the author was concerned about more widespread use of 
the syntax
(in this case).

Steve


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#46: Provide explicit instructions for how log servers should handle already-
logged certs

Changes (by benl@google.com):

 * status:  new => closed
 * resolution:   => fixed


Comment:

 Fixed by https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
 rfcs/commit/26354c90154c5849eb7c59f8e0b68aadaf8b2b9f.

-- 
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------
 Reporter:                           |       Owner:  draft-ietf-trans-
  rick_andrews@symantec.com          |  rfc6962-bis@tools.ietf.org
     Type:  enhancement              |      Status:  closed
 Priority:  major                    |   Milestone:  milestone1
Component:  rfc6962-bis              |     Version:  1.0
 Severity:  -                        |  Resolution:  fixed
 Keywords:                           |
-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------

Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/trans/trac/ticket/46#comment:1>
trans <http://tools.ietf.org/trans/>


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #34 (rfc6962-bis): use of RFC 5246 syntax to define the SCT
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Erwann,
> The "TLS" syntax/notation is also used to describe certificates and 
> messages in ITS world. It's very bad, but that's not RFC5246 authors's 
> fault.
What is the "ITS" world? And is it under the IETF standards umbrella? if 
not, then this is
not a good rationale for veering from the statement in 5246.
>
> X.509 permits the inclusion of anything in an extension, as long as 
> it's enclosed in something that has an ASN.1+DER representation, 
> whence the double OCTET STRING sometimes found. That's not new to CT.
True, but I think that is not commonly done in standard extensions. Do 
you have some examples
that counter my perception? In my experience, people developing 
extensions for
X.509 usually try to avoid cramming arbitrary data into an OCTET string.

Steve


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #39 (client-behavior): Monitor behavior
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While I agree that examples are useful in RFCs, they are not a 
substitute for
specifications of MTI behavior. They also do not provide a rationale for 
what
features are or are not needed from a system component, because examples 
are not
comprehensive nor authoritative. Thus I question the utility of 
including only
examples of Monitor behavior in this doc.

> #39: Monitor behavior
>
>
> Comment (byeranm@google.com):
>
>   Out for review inhttps://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-
>   rfcs/pull/31
>   Only provides an example of what a monitor may do.
>


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Matt,

> On Thu, Feb 26, 2015 at 03:37:04PM -0500, Stephen Kent wrote:
>> Ben,
>>
>>> My thinking is that:
>>>
>>> 1. There is concern, generally, about the size of certificates (really
>>> about the size of handshakes).
>> That concern varies a lot, depending on context. I don't agree that this
>> is a universal, major concern.  Look at JSON; it's use of XML encoding
>> suggests no concern about bloat in a web context.
> This isn't a *web* context, though; it's a TLS session establishment
> context.  Bloating the handshake so as to require an additional round trip
> increases session establishment time, which degrades user experience --
> something which is generally considered a bad thing.
The charter for the WG says:
"The working group will produce a standards-track version of the 
experimental RFC 6962
*for HTTP over TLS*, ..." so I think it's appropriate to discuss this in 
the web context.

>>> 3. Embedding SCTs in certs runs the risk that the SCTs will become invalid
>>> before the cert does.
>> until we have a precise description of how a client will deal with an
>> invalid SCT, we can't really evaluate the implications of this potential
>> mismatch.  Also, what causes an SCT to become invalid?.
> An SCT becomes invalid when the log which issued it ceases to be trusted by
> the browser.
Thanks for that clarification. But, since there is no spec for client 
behavior,
the notion of a browser no longer trusting a log is undefined at this 
time. Also,
there is no description of how a web site operator will learn that some 
non-trivial set
of clients no longer trust  a given log, and thus the operator will be 
motivated to
acquire a new SCT for his cert from another log. Finally, the text above 
refers to a
cert becoming "invalid." Does this mean the cert is revoked, or does 
this refer to a
cert expiring? if the latter is intended, then it is preferable to use 
the correct term.

Steve

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<html>
  <head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
      http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    Matt,<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:20150226221628.GX27986@hezmatt.org"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">On Thu, Feb 26, 2015 at 03:37:04PM -0500, Stephen Kent wrote:
</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">Ben,

</pre>
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">My thinking is that:

1. There is concern, generally, about the size of certificates (really
about the size of handshakes).
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">That concern varies a lot, depending on context. I don't agree that this
is a universal, major concern.  Look at JSON; it's use of XML encoding
suggests no concern about bloat in a web context.
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">This isn't a *web* context, though; it's a TLS session establishment
context.  Bloating the handshake so as to require an additional round trip
increases session establishment time, which degrades user experience --
something which is generally considered a bad thing.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    The charter for the WG says:<br>
    "The working group will produce a standards-track version of the
    experimental RFC 6962<br>
    <b>for HTTP over TLS</b>, ..." so I think it's appropriate to
    discuss this in the web context.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:20150226221628.GX27986@hezmatt.org"
      type="cite">
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">3. Embedding SCTs in certs runs the risk that the SCTs will become invalid
before the cert does.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
        <pre wrap="">until we have a precise description of how a client will deal with an
invalid SCT, we can't really evaluate the implications of this potential
mismatch.  Also, what causes an SCT to become invalid?.
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">An SCT becomes invalid when the log which issued it ceases to be trusted by
the browser.
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    Thanks for that clarification. But, since there is no spec for
    client behavior,<br>
    the notion of a browser no longer trusting a log is undefined at
    this time. Also,<br>
    there is no description of how a web site operator will learn that
    some non-trivial set<br>
    of clients no longer trust  a given log, and thus the operator will
    be motivated to <br>
    acquire a new SCT for his cert from another log. Finally, the text
    above refers to a<br>
    cert becoming "invalid." Does this mean the cert is revoked, or does
    this refer to a<br>
    cert expiring? if the latter is intended, then it is preferable to
    use the correct term.<br>
    <br>
    Steve<br>
  </body>
</html>

--------------080104010705030003060202--


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Subject: Re: [Trans] [trans] #34 (rfc6962-bis): use of RFC 5246 syntax to define the SCT
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Bonsoir Stephen,

2015-02-27 22:16 GMT+01:00 Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>:

> Erwann,
>
>> The "TLS" syntax/notation is also used to describe certificates and
>> messages in ITS world. It's very bad, but that's not RFC5246 authors's
>> fault.
>>
> What is the "ITS" world? And is it under the IETF standards umbrella? if
> not, then this is
> not a good rationale for veering from the statement in 5246.
>

"Intelligent Transport System". Cars, trucks, motorbikes, tramways, trains,
road equipment, ... See IEEE1609.2 and ETSI TS103097 if you're curious :)
That's not (yet) under IETF umbrella. Point taken.

X.509 permits the inclusion of anything in an extension, as long as it's
>> enclosed in something that has an ASN.1+DER representation, whence the
>> double OCTET STRING sometimes found. That's not new to CT.
>>
> True, but I think that is not commonly done in standard extensions. Do you
> have some examples
> that counter my perception? In my experience, people developing extensions
> for
> X.509 usually try to avoid cramming arbitrary data into an OCTET string.
>

You're right again. I can't think of a single extension except
SignedCertificateTimestampList defined in anything other than ASN.1. When
working around X.509, ASN.1 is natural.

Going back into "silent lurker" mode...

-- 
Erwann.

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<div dir=3D"ltr">Bonsoir Stephen,<br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div cl=
ass=3D"gmail_quote">2015-02-27 22:16 GMT+01:00 Stephen Kent <span dir=3D"lt=
r">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:kent@bbn.com" target=3D"_blank">kent@bbn.com</a>&g=
t;</span>:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;=
border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Erwann,<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
The &quot;TLS&quot; syntax/notation is also used to describe certificates a=
nd messages in ITS world. It&#39;s very bad, but that&#39;s not RFC5246 aut=
hors&#39;s fault.<br>
</blockquote>
What is the &quot;ITS&quot; world? And is it under the IETF standards umbre=
lla? if not, then this is<br>
not a good rationale for veering from the statement in 5246.<br></blockquot=
e><div><br></div><div>&quot;Intelligent Transport System&quot;. Cars, truck=
s, motorbikes, tramways, trains, road equipment, ... See IEEE1609.2 and ETS=
I TS103097 if you&#39;re curious :)</div><div>That&#39;s not (yet) under IE=
TF umbrella. Point taken.</div><div><br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_qu=
ote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex=
"><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:=
1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
X.509 permits the inclusion of anything in an extension, as long as it&#39;=
s enclosed in something that has an ASN.1+DER representation, whence the do=
uble OCTET STRING sometimes found. That&#39;s not new to CT.<br>
</blockquote>
True, but I think that is not commonly done in standard extensions. Do you =
have some examples<br>
that counter my perception? In my experience, people developing extensions =
for<br>
X.509 usually try to avoid cramming arbitrary data into an OCTET string.<br=
></blockquote><div><br></div><div>You&#39;re right again. I can&#39;t think=
 of a single extension except SignedCertificateTimestampList defined in any=
thing other than ASN.1. When working around X.509, ASN.1 is natural.</div><=
div><br></div><div>Going back into &quot;silent lurker&quot; mode...</div><=
/div><div><br></div>-- <br><div class=3D"gmail_signature">Erwann.</div>
</div></div>

--bcaec517ab0299bcc7051018c9e7--

