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Subject: [Trans] I-D Action: draft-ietf-trans-gossip-04.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Public Notary Transparency  of the IETF.

        Title           : Gossiping in CT
        Authors         : Linus Nordberg
                          Daniel Kahn Gillmor
                          Tom Ritter
	Filename        : draft-ietf-trans-gossip-04.txt
	Pages           : 57
	Date            : 2017-01-10

Abstract:
   The logs in Certificate Transparency are untrusted in the sense that
   the users of the system don't have to trust that they behave
   correctly since the behavior of a log can be verified to be correct.

   This document tries to solve the problem with logs presenting a
   "split view" of their operations.  It describes three gossiping
   mechanisms for Certificate Transparency: SCT Feedback, STH
   Pollination and Trusted Auditor Relationship.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-trans-gossip/

There's also a htmlized version available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trans-gossip-04

A diff from the previous version is available at:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-trans-gossip-04


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


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Subject: [Trans] Fwd: Intent to Implement: Expect-CT header
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FYI, Chrome's intent-to-implement of the Expect-CT header.

Discussion is going on in the following blink-dev thread:
https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/blink-dev/tgn5R-58iek

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Emily Stark <estark@chromium.org>
Date: Fri, Jan 6, 2017 at 8:34 PM
Subject: Intent to Implement: Expect-CT header
To: blink-dev <blink-dev@chromium.org>


*(Note: net-dev@ on bcc)*


Contact emails

estark@chromium.org

Spec

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-stark-expect-ct/

Summary

A new HTTP header that allows websites to instruct user agents to expect
valid Signed Certificate Timestamps (SCTs) to be served on their
connections. By turning on Expect-CT, sites can discover misconfigurations
in their Certificate Transparency deployments and ensure that misissued
certificates accepted by UAs are discoverable in Certificate Transparency
logs.


Motivation

Certificate Transparency <https://www.certificate-transparency.org/> (CT)
is a system that allows TLS certificates to be audited and monitored in
public logs. Chrome is in the process of adopting Certificate Transparency
fully, which will allow site owners to discover misissued certificates in
CT logs and take action (such as revocation). However, it will be quite a
while before Chrome can require CT for all certificates, meaning that site
owners cannot yet get the full security benefits of CT. Expect-CT allows
security-conscious site owners to opt in to CT enforcement well before CT
is fully required for all certificates.


(A common question is "What about Chrome's plan
<https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/ct-policy/78N3SMcqUGw>
to require CT in October 2017? Won't Expect-CT be useless then?" In October
2017, we plan to require CT for all *new* certs, which does not protect
site owners from previously issued bad certificates, or from a bad CA that
issues a backdated cert, which has been known to happen.)


Also note that we've had an experimental report-only version of Expect-CT
on canary/dev/beta for some time now, for a limited set of sites that are
on a baked-in hardcoded list. This Intent introduces an HTTP header for
Expect-CT (allowing any site to opt in to the feature without being on the
hardcoded list) and an enforcement mode (allowing sites to specify that
they want connections to be closed, not merely reported, if they are not
CT-compliant).


Interoperability and Compatibility Risk

*Interop*: The main interoperability risk of this feature is that it is up
to the browser to decide details of CT enforcement, e.g. how many SCTs are
required and from what CT logs. Thus, a certificate that satisfies the CT
policy of one browser may not satisfy the CT policy of another. However,
this is an interop risk of CT in general, and not specific to Expect-CT;
multiple browsers are in the process of implementing CT fully and working
closely together to develop CT policies that are harmonious.


*Compatibility*: There is no compat risk for existing web content, since
Expect-CT is an opt-in feature. Much like other opt-in security features
such as HSTS and HPKP, Expect-CT presents an opportunity for a footgun, in
that a site might turn on Expect-CT, but due to misconfiguration or
misunderstanding, serve a certificate that is not CT compliant, resulting
in the site becoming inaccessible in Chrome until the Expect-CT
configuration expires. We are minimizing this risk by supporting a
reporting mode, in which a site owner will receive reports if their site
becomes inaccessible due to Expect-CT.


Ongoing technical constraints

No

Will this feature be supported on all six Blink platforms (Windows, Mac,
Linux, Chrome OS, Android, and Android WebView)?

Yes

OWP launch tracking bug

https://crbug.com/679012

Link to entry on the feature dashboard <https://www.chromestatus.com/>

https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5677171733430272

Requesting approval to ship?

No

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<div dir=3D"ltr">FYI, Chrome&#39;s intent-to-implement of the Expect-CT hea=
der.<div><br></div><div>Discussion is going on in the following blink-dev t=
hread:</div><div><a href=3D"https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/=
#!topic/blink-dev/tgn5R-58iek">https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/for=
um/#!topic/blink-dev/tgn5R-58iek</a></div><div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quot=
e">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class=3D"gmail_sende=
rname">Emily Stark</b> <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:estark@chrom=
ium.org">estark@chromium.org</a>&gt;</span><br>Date: Fri, Jan 6, 2017 at 8:=
34 PM<br>Subject: Intent to Implement: Expect-CT header<br>To: blink-dev &l=
t;<a href=3D"mailto:blink-dev@chromium.org">blink-dev@chromium.org</a>&gt;<=
br><br><br><div dir=3D"ltr"><span id=3D"gmail-m_8658122179798973917gmail-do=
cs-internal-guid-7cc04949-7559-f172-0ffc-04961258655b"><p style=3D"line-hei=
ght:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"=
arial"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;white-space:pre-wrap"><i>(Note: n=
et-dev@ on bcc)</i></span></font></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.=
38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;fon=
t-family:arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline;whi=
te-space:pre-wrap"><br></span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;=
margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;font-f=
amily:arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline;white-=
space:pre-wrap">Contact emails</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-heigh=
t:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px=
;font-family:arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre=
-wrap"><a href=3D"mailto:estark@chromium.org" target=3D"_blank">estark@chro=
mium.org</a></span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-=
top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;font-family:a=
rial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:p=
re-wrap">Spec</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top=
:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"vertical-align:baseline"><font color=
=3D"#000000" face=3D"arial"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;white-space:=
pre-wrap"><a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-stark-expect-ct=
/" target=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/<wbr>doc/draft-stark-expe=
ct-ct/</a></span></font></span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:=
1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;f=
ont-family:arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline;w=
hite-space:pre-wrap">Summary</span></p><p style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-=
top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"arial"><span sty=
le=3D"font-size:13.3333px;white-space:pre-wrap">A new HTTP header that allo=
ws websites to instruct user agents to expect valid Signed Certificate Time=
stamps (SCTs) to be served on their connections. By turning on Expect-CT, s=
ites can discover misconfigurations in their Certificate Transparency deplo=
yments and ensure that misissued certificates accepted by UAs are discovera=
ble in Certificate Transparency logs.</span></font><br></p><p style=3D"line=
-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font color=3D"#000000" face=
=3D"arial"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;white-space:pre-wrap"><br></s=
pan></font></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;marg=
in-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;font-family:arial;color:r=
gb(0,0,0);font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Mot=
ivation</span></p><p style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom=
:0pt"><a href=3D"https://www.certificate-transparency.org/" target=3D"_blan=
k">Certificate Transparency</a>=C2=A0(CT) is a system that allows TLS certi=
ficates to be audited and monitored in public logs. Chrome is in the proces=
s of adopting Certificate Transparency fully, which will allow site owners =
to discover misissued certificates in CT logs and take action (such as revo=
cation). However, it will be quite a while before Chrome can require CT for=
 all certificates, meaning that site owners cannot yet get the full securit=
y benefits of CT. Expect-CT allows security-conscious site owners to opt in=
 to CT enforcement well before CT is fully required for all certificates.</=
p><p style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><br></p><p=
 style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">(A common ques=
tion is &quot;What about Chrome&#39;s <a href=3D"https://groups.google.com/=
a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/ct-policy/78N3SMcqUGw" target=3D"_blank">plan<=
/a> to require CT in October 2017? Won&#39;t Expect-CT be useless then?&quo=
t; In October 2017, we plan to require CT for all *new* certs, which does n=
ot protect site owners from previously issued bad certificates, or from a b=
ad CA that issues a backdated cert, which has been known to happen.)</p><p =
style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><br></p><p styl=
e=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">Also note that we&#=
39;ve had an experimental report-only version of Expect-CT on canary/dev/be=
ta for some time now, for a limited set of sites that are on a baked-in har=
dcoded list. This Intent introduces an HTTP header for Expect-CT (allowing =
any site to opt in to the feature without being on the hardcoded list) and =
an enforcement mode (allowing sites to specify that they want connections t=
o be closed, not merely reported, if they are not CT-compliant).</p><p dir=
=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><br></=
p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt=
"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;font-family:arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);fon=
t-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Interoperability=
 and Compatibility Risk</span></p><p style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0=
pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;font-family:arial;=
color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><i>Interop</=
i>: The main interoperability risk of this feature is that it is up to the =
browser to decide details of CT enforcement, e.g. how many SCTs are require=
d and from what CT logs. Thus, a certificate that satisfies the CT policy o=
f one browser may not satisfy the CT policy of another. However, this is an=
 interop risk of CT in general, and not specific to Expect-CT; multiple bro=
wsers are in the process of implementing CT fully and working closely toget=
her to develop CT policies that are harmonious.</span></p><p style=3D"line-=
height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3=
333px;font-family:arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-spac=
e:pre-wrap"><br></span></p><p style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;marg=
in-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;font-family:arial;color:r=
gb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><i>Compatibility</i=
>: There is no compat risk for existing web content, since Expect-CT is an =
opt-in feature. Much like other opt-in security features such as HSTS and H=
PKP, Expect-CT presents an opportunity for a footgun, in that a site might =
turn on Expect-CT, but due to misconfiguration or misunderstanding, serve a=
 certificate that is not CT compliant, resulting in the site becoming inacc=
essible in Chrome until the Expect-CT configuration expires. We are minimiz=
ing this risk by supporting a reporting mode, in which a site owner will re=
ceive reports if their site becomes inaccessible due to Expect-CT.</span></=
p><p style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><br></p><p=
 dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><s=
pan style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;font-family:arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-we=
ight:700;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Ongoing technical co=
nstraints</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt=
;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;font-family:arial;co=
lor:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">No</span></p><=
br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0p=
t"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;font-family:arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);fo=
nt-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Will this featu=
re be supported on all six Blink platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Chrome OS,=
 Android, and Android WebView)?</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-heig=
ht:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333p=
x;font-family:arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pr=
e-wrap">Yes</span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-t=
op:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;font-family:ar=
ial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pr=
e-wrap">OWP launch tracking bug</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-heig=
ht:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"vertical-align:bas=
eline"><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"arial"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3=
333px;white-space:pre-wrap"><a href=3D"https://crbug.com/679012" target=3D"=
_blank">https://crbug.com/679012</a></span></font></span></p><br><p dir=3D"=
ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:13.3333px;font-family:arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:700=
;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Link to entry on the </span>=
<a href=3D"https://www.chromestatus.com/" style=3D"text-decoration:none" ta=
rget=3D"_blank"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;font-family:arial;font-w=
eight:700;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre=
-wrap">feature dashboard</span></a></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:=
1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><a href=3D"https://www.chromestatus.=
com/feature/5677171733430272" target=3D"_blank">https://www.chromestatus.co=
m/<wbr>feature/5677171733430272</a></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-hei=
ght:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333=
px;font-family:arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseli=
ne;white-space:pre-wrap">Requesting approval to ship?</span></p><p style=3D=
"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font color=3D"#000000"=
 face=3D"arial"><span style=3D"font-size:13.3333px;white-space:pre-wrap">No=
</span></font></p></span></div><span class=3D"gmail-HOEnZb"><font color=3D"=
#888888">

<p></p>

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zdffhKYtc-3w%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=3Demail&amp;utm_source=3Dfooter" t=
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dev/<wbr>CAPP_2SaT_Kq5vh26o%<wbr>3DD04TB5HOjZ3BFAMb1rX3zdffhKYt<wbr>c-3w%40=
mail.gmail.com</a>.<br>
</font></span></div><br></div></div>

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To: "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>
From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
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Date: Tue, 10 Jan 2017 15:23:28 -0900
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Cc: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>, Linus Nordberg <linus@nordu.net>
Subject: [Trans] Call for adoption, draft-ietf-trans-gossip
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From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
To: "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>
Cc: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>, Linus Nordberg <linus@nordu.net>
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Subject: Call for adoption, draft-ietf-trans-gossip

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Hi, all:

Happy new year!  This is a call for adoption of a deliverable
on the use of gossip protocols to detect inconsistencies in CT
logs.  The draft in question has been updated and is available
here: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-trans-gossip/

Please give the document a read and let us know if you think it's
suitable for adoption as a trans working group item, and if you've
got some initial thoughts on the identification of three mechanisms
for specification this would be a good time to share them.

This call for adoption closes on Tuesday, 24 January 2017.

Many thanks,

Melinda & Paul


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Date: Wed, 11 Jan 2017 12:50:50 +0100
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Subject: Re: [Trans] Call for adoption, draft-ietf-trans-gossip
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Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com> wrote
Tue, 10 Jan 2017 15:23:28 -0900:

> Please give the document a read and let us know if you think it's
> suitable for adoption as a trans working group item, and if you've
> got some initial thoughts on the identification of three mechanisms
> for specification this would be a good time to share them.

I think you mean last call.
The draft has been adopted since long.


From nobody Wed Jan 11 06:53:16 2017
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To: Linus Nordberg <linus@nordu.net>
References: <4487be4f-c9ca-5851-ccae-b053bf8eead8@gmail.com> <87ziixvmqt.fsf@nordberg.se>
From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
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Date: Wed, 11 Jan 2017 05:53:09 -0900
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Subject: Re: [Trans] Call for adoption, draft-ietf-trans-gossip
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Many apologies, all, for the brain poot.

Melinda


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To: "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>
From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
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Date: Wed, 11 Jan 2017 05:55:49 -0900
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Subject: [Trans] Working group last call, draft-ietf-trans-gossip
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From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
To: "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>
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Subject: Working group last call, draft-ietf-trans-gossip

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Hi, all:

Many apologies for the previous thinko.  The gossip draft
is obviously not up for adoption, but for working group last
call.  Please give it a serious read and let us know whether or
not you feel it is ready to be moved along to the IESG for
review and ultimately for publication.

Working group last call will close on Wednesday, 1 February.
The URL for the draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-trans-gossip/

Melinda & Paul


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From: Eran Messeri <eranm@google.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Jan 2017 14:40:25 +0000
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Subject: [Trans] Privacy analysis of the DNS-based protocol for obtaining inclusion proof
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All,

We're soliciting feedback on the privacy implications of using the
DNS-based protocol for obtaining inclusion proofs from mirrors of CT logs (link
to protocol description
<https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency-rfcs/blob/master/dns/draft-ct-over-dns.md>
).

I've attempted a privacy analysis, together with Daniel Kahn-Gillmor, Sara
Dickinson, Melinda Shore, in the following document:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DY2OsrSJDzlRHY68EX1OwQ3sBIbvMrapQxvANrOE8zM/view

The goal is to get community feedback on the correctness and completeness
of the analysis, so that the privacy implications aspect of the protocol is
publicly reasoned about and documented, and each CT client (in particular
User Agents) could make an informed choice on implementing the protocol.

Please comment on the trans IETF mailing list, not the document itself.

Thanks,
Eran

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<div dir=3D"ltr">All,<div><br></div><div>We&#39;re soliciting feedback on t=
he privacy implications of using the DNS-based protocol for obtaining inclu=
sion proofs from mirrors of CT logs (<a href=3D"https://github.com/google/c=
ertificate-transparency-rfcs/blob/master/dns/draft-ct-over-dns.md">link to =
protocol description</a>).</div><div><br></div><div>I&#39;ve attempted a pr=
ivacy analysis, together with=C2=A0Daniel Kahn-Gillmor, Sara Dickinson, Mel=
inda Shore, in the following document:</div><div><a href=3D"https://docs.go=
ogle.com/document/d/1DY2OsrSJDzlRHY68EX1OwQ3sBIbvMrapQxvANrOE8zM/view">http=
s://docs.google.com/document/d/1DY2OsrSJDzlRHY68EX1OwQ3sBIbvMrapQxvANrOE8zM=
/view</a><br></div><div><br></div><div>The goal is to get community feedbac=
k on the correctness and completeness of the analysis, so that the privacy =
implications aspect of the protocol is publicly reasoned about and document=
ed, and each CT client (in particular User Agents) could make an informed c=
hoice on implementing the protocol.</div><div><br></div><div>Please comment=
 on the trans IETF mailing list, not the document itself.</div><div><br></d=
iv><div>Thanks,</div><div>Eran</div><div><br></div></div>

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From: Andrew Ayer <agwa@andrewayer.name>
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I. Under the "Certificates for hosts whose address was not obtained via
DNS lookup" section, a few scenarios come to mind:

1. The host was accessed by IP address.

2. The hostname was resolved by a SOCKS proxy server.

3. The hostname was resolved using DNS, but the local resolver forwarded
the query directly to a local authoritative server instead of recurring
via the root.  This scenario is probably quite common in corporate
networks.

II. Another privacy consideration is that the log DNS frontend learns
the IP address of the recursive server, which in some cases may uniquely
identify a person.  This is not an issue if the recursive server is
shared between many people, as a large ISP's would be, but what about
folks running their own recursive servers?  Some home routers run a DNS
server - are they recursive or just forwarding?  Even if a recursive
server is shared, if it's not shared with enough people, it may be
possible to identify a person by correlating requests made at around
the same time.

I think more data is needed before concluding that this
approach provides the desired privacy.  Could Chrome run an
experiment which resolves a DNS record for a hostname of the form
<client-public-IP-address>.<test-domain>, and measure how many
different <client-public-IP-address>es per recursive server are
observed over various time periods by the authoritative servers
for <test-domain>?

Regards,
Andrew


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From: Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietf@sleevi.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Jan 2017 09:58:05 -0800
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(Removing cross-posting)

As a minor quibble, and for sake of distinction, the W3C Resource
Hints ( https://w3c.github.io/resource-hints/#resource-hints ) that
describes how browsers perform things like preconnect and prefetch
makes efforts to distinguish between "dns prefetch", "preconnect", and
"prefetch" - each representing different parts of the connection
establishment and resource fetch. If your goal is to contextualize it
in the context of user agents, then it may help to note the
differences.

It's also unclear whether you're looking to do the privacy analysis
solely in the context of the proposal, or considering it's integrated
nature. I highlight this both because of specs like
http://wicg.github.io/reporting/ (which also involve queues and thus
the cross-resolver issues), Service Workers (
https://w3c.github.io/ServiceWorker/ ) which can enqueue things, and
more holistically, the implications of documents such as
http://www.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/client-identification-mechanisms

On Thu, Jan 12, 2017 at 6:40 AM, Eran Messeri <eranm@google.com> wrote:
> All,
>
> We're soliciting feedback on the privacy implications of using the DNS-based
> protocol for obtaining inclusion proofs from mirrors of CT logs (link to
> protocol description).
>
> I've attempted a privacy analysis, together with Daniel Kahn-Gillmor, Sara
> Dickinson, Melinda Shore, in the following document:
> https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DY2OsrSJDzlRHY68EX1OwQ3sBIbvMrapQxvANrOE8zM/view
>
> The goal is to get community feedback on the correctness and completeness of
> the analysis, so that the privacy implications aspect of the protocol is
> publicly reasoned about and documented, and each CT client (in particular
> User Agents) could make an informed choice on implementing the protocol.
>
> Please comment on the trans IETF mailing list, not the document itself.
>
> Thanks,
> Eran
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>


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From: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>
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On 12 January 2017 at 08:40, 'Eran Messeri' via
certificate-transparency <certificate-transparency@googlegroups.com>
wrote:
> All,
>
> We're soliciting feedback on the privacy implications of using the DNS-based
> protocol for obtaining inclusion proofs from mirrors of CT logs (link to
> protocol description).
>
> I've attempted a privacy analysis, together with Daniel Kahn-Gillmor, Sara
> Dickinson, Melinda Shore, in the following document:
> https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DY2OsrSJDzlRHY68EX1OwQ3sBIbvMrapQxvANrOE8zM/view
>
> The goal is to get community feedback on the correctness and completeness of
> the analysis, so that the privacy implications aspect of the protocol is
> publicly reasoned about and documented, and each CT client (in particular
> User Agents) could make an informed choice on implementing the protocol.
>
> Please comment on the trans IETF mailing list, not the document itself.

Awesome, thanks for this Eran!

I can think of a few things that are probably worth adding.

I second Andrew's comments about uniquely identifying a user (although
user clustering, especially with businesses seems even more likely and
similarly problematic.)

It seems like query clustering (by resolver) is possible - similar to
visited hosts vs resolved hosts the DNS operator can make inferences
about which queries from a resolver come from the same client. (I'm
not sure this is terribly useful, the most reliable attack I could
imagine is traffic confirmation like "They visited
besthomesinseattle.com and then 221springstseattle.com".)

-tom


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On Thu, Jan 12, 2017 at 9:42 AM, Andrew Ayer <agwa@andrewayer.name> wrote:
> I. Under the "Certificates for hosts whose address was not obtained via
> DNS lookup" section, a few scenarios come to mind:
>
> 1. The host was accessed by IP address.

To expand on this: Your assumption/model here is that the DNS resolver
learns this information, but they are not otherwise on-path, correct?
That is, imagine a user using a resolver of 8.8.8.8 - presumably,
Google's not malicious, but this would disclose to them IP-based
connections?

> 2. The hostname was resolved by a SOCKS proxy server.

This is only relevant to clients that support SOCKSv5-based
resolutions, right? And is this just a specialized form of "using a
different resolver"? Or do you think it's distinct?

> I think more data is needed before concluding that this
> approach provides the desired privacy.  Could Chrome run an
> experiment which resolves a DNS record for a hostname of the form
> <client-public-IP-address>.<test-domain>, and measure how many
> different <client-public-IP-address>es per recursive server are
> observed over various time periods by the authoritative servers
> for <test-domain>?

In expanding on your hypothetical test, what's the outcome or desired
property that you're trying to measure? I imagine a total number of
distinct IPs is itself not meaningful to such an analysis.


From nobody Thu Jan 12 14:29:20 2017
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Date: Thu, 12 Jan 2017 14:28:40 -0800
From: Andrew Ayer <agwa@andrewayer.name>
To: Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietf@sleevi.com>
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Subject: Re: [Trans] Privacy analysis of the DNS-based protocol for obtaining inclusion proof
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On Thu, 12 Jan 2017 12:32:54 -0800
Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietf@sleevi.com> wrote:

> On Thu, Jan 12, 2017 at 9:42 AM, Andrew Ayer <agwa@andrewayer.name>
> wrote:
> > I. Under the "Certificates for hosts whose address was not obtained
> > via DNS lookup" section, a few scenarios come to mind:
> >
> > 1. The host was accessed by IP address.
> 
> To expand on this: Your assumption/model here is that the DNS resolver
> learns this information, but they are not otherwise on-path, correct?
> That is, imagine a user using a resolver of 8.8.8.8 - presumably,
> Google's not malicious, but this would disclose to them IP-based
> connections?

It would disclose the IP-based connection to the resolver, the log's DNS
frontend, and any eavesdropper along the path taken by the DNS query.

Normally when you initiate a connection based on IP address, no one learns
about it except for nodes along the path to the endpoint (assuming no
OCSP), and that path might not even traverse the public Internet.

> > 2. The hostname was resolved by a SOCKS proxy server.
> 
> This is only relevant to clients that support SOCKSv5-based
> resolutions, right?

Also clients that support SOCKS4a.

> And is this just a specialized form of "using a
> different resolver"? Or do you think it's distinct?

It could be seen as a specialized form of using a different resolver.
(To be pedantic, the hostname lookup is not performed by the UA and the
SOCKS server might not even use DNS, which is why it seemed to fit better
in the "not obtained via DNS" category.)

> > I think more data is needed before concluding that this
> > approach provides the desired privacy.  Could Chrome run an
> > experiment which resolves a DNS record for a hostname of the form
> > <client-public-IP-address>.<test-domain>, and measure how many
> > different <client-public-IP-address>es per recursive server are
> > observed over various time periods by the authoritative servers
> > for <test-domain>?
> 
> In expanding on your hypothetical test, what's the outcome or desired
> property that you're trying to measure? I imagine a total number of
> distinct IPs is itself not meaningful to such an analysis.

We would want to know the number of distinct <client-public-IP-address>es
per DNS resolver IP address that sends a DNS query for <test-domain>.
The desired property is that this number is high for most DNS resolvers,
as this indicates that there is privacy value to using DNS instead of
fetching inclusion proofs directly from logs.

Regards,
Andrew


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From: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>
Date: Mon, 16 Jan 2017 17:23:27 -0500
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Subject: [Trans] WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24
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--f403045e3510fee8c205463da1f4
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
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Hey all,

Sorry I=E2=80=99ve missed the WGLC deadline.  I wanted to summarize for thi=
s list
some discussions that have been going on within the Firefox team.
Basically, we=E2=80=99ve started to look at what it would take to deploy CT=
 inside
of Firefox (including code, policy, etc), and come away with some concerns
that the system as currently specified can=E2=80=99t be deployed in a way t=
hat
actually provides the desired guarantees, in particular protection against
equivocation by logs.  For what it=E2=80=99s worth, these comments apply ro=
ughly
equally to RFC 6962 and 6962bis.

tl;dr:

- It is not practical to build a publicly verifiable log system that
incorporates SCTs
- The existing tools for public verifiability need to be made more
efficient in order to work on the scale envisioned

I recognize that it=E2=80=99s very late in the day to be raising these issu=
es, but
we believe they go to the heart of the value proposition of CT and so it=E2=
=80=99s
important they be addressed before 6962bis goes to RFC. I speak for both
myself and my colleagues here at Mozilla in saying that we are more than
willing to put in the time to help get to consensus on these topics.

Details below.

Thanks,
--Richard


=3D=3D=3D

Fundamentally, CT is a public ledger system: every certificate is supposed
to be entered into a log and RPs only accept certificates which are logged.
In order for this to work properly, RPs need to be able to verify that
there is public consensus about the state of the log. Otherwise, logs can
=E2=80=9Cequivocate=E2=80=9D: represent to the RP that a given certificate =
was published
when it in fact was not. Unfortunately, in practice RPs are not doing this
verification (for reasons discussed below), and so CT reduces to a
countersignature scheme in which the RP trusts the log not to equivocate.
There are two primary challenges here, as detailed below.


# SCTs, and thus immediate issuance, are incompatible with public
verifiability

It has been known for quite some time that the public verifiability piece
of CT introduces latency in certificate issuance. In order to allow for
immediate certificate issuance, logs instead issue SCTs, which are just
promises to incorporate the certificate into the log; effectively the SCT
is a countersignature on the certificate. However, if an RP accepts a
certificate + SCT, then it is vulnerable to collusion between a CA which
issues a bogus cert and a log which issues a bogus SCT but never
incorporates the cert into the log.

We are unaware of any way to efficiently address this issue without
introducing either privacy problems or latency. In order to validate
inclusion in the log, the RP needs to validate that other entities (e.g.,
the software manufacturer) have the same view of the log. Either the RP
downloads the whole log (which is inefficient), queries for the specific
certificate in question (which has privacy problems) or retrieves a
checkpoint which vouches for some batch of certificates (which introduces
batch latency).

There seem to be two major ways to address this issue:

1. Accept issuance latency: An RP will only accept a cert as valid when
accompanied by proof that it has been incorporated into the public record

2. Accept some window of vulnerability to equivocation during which SCTs
are accepted and then retrospectively checked. The RP would provisionally
accept a certificate that claimed to have been very recently issued and
then check for log presence a few minutes later (once an inclusion proof
should be available)

Unfortunately, there=E2=80=99s not really an effective way to accomplish th=
e latter
with high reliability and without bad privacy problems.  Going back to the
server and asking for an inclusion proof is safe from a privacy
perspective, but there=E2=80=99s a significant risk of failure given how of=
ten
servers are multi-homed.  And asking anyone but the server leaks browsing
history.  It=E2=80=99s theoretically possible that some private information
retrieval scheme could save us, but that would be a big new chunk of work,
and unlikely to deploy in the near term.

Note that it is not possible to just not require public verifiability for
certificates which claim to be recently issued; because this attack depends
on the log and the CA colluding, they can just issue certificates with
recent timestamps.


# CT=E2=80=99s public verifiability mechanisms are too inefficient to be de=
ployed
at scale

If this WG is going to meet its charter goals, CT needs to have a working
public verifiability system. What that means in practice is that it=E2=80=
=99s
efficient for the RP to acquire whatever information it needs to validate
that a certificate is in the public record. In the current system, this
basically means:

  - Acquire an inclusion proof [hopefully provided by the site the RP is
connecting to].
  - Acquire the STH that the inclusion proof chains back to and validate
that the STH was publicly logged.

Clearly in order to be efficient, multiple certs must chain back up to the
same STH; this is also a privacy requirement because otherwise retrieving a
given STH leaks which certificate you are verifying.  For similar privacy
reasons, clients need to proactively download and validate every STH they
might encounter, to avoid making queries for STHs (which leak browsing
history).  So, what this means is that the RP needs to periodically
retrieve:

  - All the STHs that any certificate might chain to
  - The consistency proofs between those STHs

The good news is that if the RP does this, then it will be in a position to
verify that any certificate with an inclusion proof has been publicly
logged; it will be protected from equivocation.  The bad news is that this
scheme generates so much data it cannot be deployed.

To get an idea of scale here, I looked all of the submissions to the Google
Pilot log over December 2016.  Let=E2=80=99s assume that the log creates a =
new STH
for every 2048 certificates it receives, in order to minimize issuance
latency; it takes around 8 minutes for Pilot to get 2048 certificates, on
average.  At this rate, Pilot produces around 6000 STHs per month.  The
good news is that at this rate, an RP can easily store all of the STHs it
needs, around ~192kB of hashes per month, ~2.3MB per year.

The bad news is that the RP has to download an inordinate amount of
information to verify these STHs. In addition to the STHs themselves, it
will need to download around 6000 consistency proofs over the course of a
month.  Each proof is around 20 hashes, so at the end of the day this is
~125k hashes (4MB of data) that an RP has to download every month, 48MB for
the year. That=E2=80=99s a pretty big chunk of data.

There are no doubt several plausible alternative data structures, but just
to give a sense of what=E2=80=99s possible, consider the following design: =
 Replace
the global Merkle tree with a series of time-windowed trees, one for each
batch.  Then glue these together with a conventional Haber-Stornetta hash
chain.  (See my cartoon at <https://ipv.sx/tmp/ct-hs.pdf>)  This has the
same number of STHs as the design above but because the consistency proofs
are trivial (you just validate that STH_n includes the hash of STH_{n-1}),
the total download size for the month is just ~6k hashes (192kB of data).
This scheme also saves you a few bytes on inclusion proofs, since you only
have to go to the batch level.

There are also intermediate designs that preserve the overall Merkle tree
structure at the cost of a bit more data, and probably a lot of other
designs we haven=E2=80=99t thought of (such as the =E2=80=9Csegmented=E2=80=
=9D scheme that was in
the pre-I-D versions of CT).

In any case, if we claim that CT represent a system that is actually
publicly verifiable, then we need to get rid of SCTs and come up with a way
to push log state to RPs more efficiently.

--f403045e3510fee8c205463da1f4
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr">Hey all,<br><br>Sorry I=E2=80=99ve missed the WGLC deadlin=
e.=C2=A0 I wanted to summarize for this list some discussions that have bee=
n going on within the Firefox team.=C2=A0 Basically, we=E2=80=99ve started =
to look at what it would take to deploy CT inside of Firefox (including cod=
e, policy, etc), and come away with some concerns that the system as curren=
tly specified can=E2=80=99t be deployed in a way that actually provides the=
 desired guarantees, in particular protection against equivocation by logs.=
=C2=A0 For what it=E2=80=99s worth, these comments apply roughly equally to=
 RFC 6962 and 6962bis.=C2=A0 <br><br>tl;dr:<br><br>- It is not practical to=
 build a publicly verifiable log system that incorporates SCTs<br>- The exi=
sting tools for public verifiability need to be made more efficient in orde=
r to work on the scale envisioned<br><br>I recognize that it=E2=80=99s very=
 late in the day to be raising these issues, but we believe they go to the =
heart of the value proposition of CT and so it=E2=80=99s important they be =
addressed before 6962bis goes to RFC. I speak for both myself and my collea=
gues here at Mozilla in saying that we are more than willing to put in the =
time to help get to consensus on these topics.<br><br>Details below.<br><br=
>Thanks,<br>--Richard<br><br><br>=3D=3D=3D<br><br>Fundamentally, CT is a pu=
blic ledger system: every certificate is supposed to be entered into a log =
and RPs only accept certificates which are logged. In order for this to wor=
k properly, RPs need to be able to verify that there is public consensus ab=
out the state of the log. Otherwise, logs can =E2=80=9Cequivocate=E2=80=9D:=
 represent to the RP that a given certificate was published when it in fact=
 was not. Unfortunately, in practice RPs are not doing this verification (f=
or reasons discussed below), and so CT reduces to a countersignature scheme=
 in which the RP trusts the log not to equivocate. There are two primary ch=
allenges here, as detailed below.<br><br><br># SCTs, and thus immediate iss=
uance, are incompatible with public verifiability<br><br>It has been known =
for quite some time that the public verifiability piece of CT introduces la=
tency in certificate issuance. In order to allow for immediate certificate =
issuance, logs instead issue SCTs, which are just promises to incorporate t=
he certificate into the log; effectively the SCT is a countersignature on t=
he certificate. However, if an RP accepts a certificate + SCT, then it is v=
ulnerable to collusion between a CA which issues a bogus cert and a log whi=
ch issues a bogus SCT but never incorporates the cert into the log.<br><br>=
We are unaware of any way to efficiently address this issue without introdu=
cing either privacy problems or latency. In order to validate inclusion in =
the log, the RP needs to validate that other entities (e.g., the software m=
anufacturer) have the same view of the log. Either the RP downloads the who=
le log (which is inefficient), queries for the specific certificate in ques=
tion (which has privacy problems) or retrieves a checkpoint which vouches f=
or some batch of certificates (which introduces batch latency).<br><br>Ther=
e seem to be two major ways to address this issue:<br><br>1. Accept issuanc=
e latency: An RP will only accept a cert as valid when accompanied by proof=
 that it has been incorporated into the public record<br><br>2. Accept some=
 window of vulnerability to equivocation during which SCTs are accepted and=
 then retrospectively checked. The RP would provisionally accept a certific=
ate that claimed to have been very recently issued and then check for log p=
resence a few minutes later (once an inclusion proof should be available) <=
br><br>Unfortunately, there=E2=80=99s not really an effective way to accomp=
lish the latter with high reliability and without bad privacy problems.=C2=
=A0 Going back to the server and asking for an inclusion proof is safe from=
 a privacy perspective, but there=E2=80=99s a significant risk of failure g=
iven how often servers are multi-homed.=C2=A0 And asking anyone but the ser=
ver leaks browsing history.=C2=A0 It=E2=80=99s theoretically possible that =
some private information retrieval scheme could save us, but that would be =
a big new chunk of work, and unlikely to deploy in the near term.=C2=A0 <br=
><br>Note that it is not possible to just not require public verifiability =
for certificates which claim to be recently issued; because this attack dep=
ends on the log and the CA colluding, they can just issue certificates with=
 recent timestamps.<br><br><br># CT=E2=80=99s public verifiability mechanis=
ms are too inefficient to be deployed at scale<br><br>If this WG is going t=
o meet its charter goals, CT needs to have a working public verifiability s=
ystem. What that means in practice is that it=E2=80=99s efficient for the R=
P to acquire whatever information it needs to validate that a certificate i=
s in the public record. In the current system, this basically means:<br><br=
>=C2=A0 - Acquire an inclusion proof [hopefully provided by the site the RP=
 is connecting to].<br>=C2=A0 - Acquire the STH that the inclusion proof ch=
ains back to and validate that the STH was publicly logged.<br><br>Clearly =
in order to be efficient, multiple certs must chain back up to the same STH=
; this is also a privacy requirement because otherwise retrieving a given S=
TH leaks which certificate you are verifying.=C2=A0 For similar privacy rea=
sons, clients need to proactively download and validate every STH they migh=
t encounter, to avoid making queries for STHs (which leak browsing history)=
.=C2=A0 So, what this means is that the RP needs to periodically retrieve:<=
br><br>=C2=A0 - All the STHs that any certificate might chain to<br>=C2=A0 =
- The consistency proofs between those STHs<br><br>The good news is that if=
 the RP does this, then it will be in a position to verify that any certifi=
cate with an inclusion proof has been publicly logged; it will be protected=
 from equivocation.=C2=A0 The bad news is that this scheme generates so muc=
h data it cannot be deployed.<br><br>To get an idea of scale here, I looked=
 all of the submissions to the Google Pilot log over December 2016.=C2=A0 L=
et=E2=80=99s assume that the log creates a new STH for every 2048 certifica=
tes it receives, in order to minimize issuance latency; it takes around 8 m=
inutes for Pilot to get 2048 certificates, on average.=C2=A0 At this rate, =
Pilot produces around 6000 STHs per month.=C2=A0 The good news is that at t=
his rate, an RP can easily store all of the STHs it needs, around ~192kB of=
 hashes per month, ~2.3MB per year. <br><br>The bad news is that the RP has=
 to download an inordinate amount of information to verify these STHs. In a=
ddition to the STHs themselves, it will need to download around 6000 consis=
tency proofs over the course of a month.=C2=A0 Each proof is around 20 hash=
es, so at the end of the day this is ~125k hashes (4MB of data) that an RP =
has to download every month, 48MB for the year. That=E2=80=99s a pretty big=
 chunk of data. <br><br>There are no doubt several plausible alternative da=
ta structures, but just to give a sense of what=E2=80=99s possible, conside=
r the following design:=C2=A0 Replace the global Merkle tree with a series =
of time-windowed trees, one for each batch.=C2=A0 Then glue these together =
with a conventional Haber-Stornetta hash chain.=C2=A0 (See my cartoon at &l=
t;<a href=3D"https://ipv.sx/tmp/ct-hs.pdf">https://ipv.sx/tmp/ct-hs.pdf</a>=
&gt;)=C2=A0 This has the same number of STHs as the design above but becaus=
e the consistency proofs are trivial (you just validate that STH_n includes=
 the hash of STH_{n-1}), the total download size for the month is just ~6k =
hashes (192kB of data).=C2=A0 This scheme also saves you a few bytes on inc=
lusion proofs, since you only have to go to the batch level.<br><br>There a=
re also intermediate designs that preserve the overall Merkle tree structur=
e at the cost of a bit more data, and probably a lot of other designs we ha=
ven=E2=80=99t thought of (such as the =E2=80=9Csegmented=E2=80=9D scheme th=
at was in the pre-I-D versions of CT).<br><br>In any case, if we claim that=
 CT represent a system that is actually publicly verifiable, then we need t=
o get rid of SCTs and come up with a way to push log state to RPs more effi=
ciently.<br></div>

--f403045e3510fee8c205463da1f4--


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From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
To: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>
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Subject: Re: [Trans] WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24
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On Mon, 16 Jan 2017, Richard Barnes wrote:

Speaking as individual only...

> - It is not practical to build a publicly verifiable log system that incorporates SCTs
> - The existing tools for public verifiability need to be made more efficient in order to work on the scale
> envisioned

So I think there might be a different perception here of the goal of
CT. I think you are looking at a 100% catch-before-it-happens
scenario. While the document is only about "exposing rogue parties".

> Fundamentally, CT is a public ledger system: every certificate is supposed to be entered into a log and RPs
> only accept certificates which are logged. In order for this to work properly, RPs need to be able to verify
> that there is public consensus about the state of the log. Otherwise, logs can “equivocate”: represent to the
> RP that a given certificate was published when it in fact was not. Unfortunately, in practice RPs are not
> doing this verification (for reasons discussed below), and so CT reduces to a countersignature scheme in which
> the RP trusts the log not to equivocate. There are two primary challenges here, as detailed below.

The monitors are supposed to use multiple logs, presumably not all of
which are colluding. So a rogue log would be found out and lose its
trust? Maybe not in time for this one client visiting this one website,
but that was never the expected goal of CT.

> It has been known for quite some time that the public verifiability piece of CT introduces latency in
> certificate issuance. In order to allow for immediate certificate issuance, logs instead issue SCTs, which are
> just promises to incorporate the certificate into the log; effectively the SCT is a countersignature on the
> certificate. However, if an RP accepts a certificate + SCT, then it is vulnerable to collusion between a CA
> which issues a bogus cert and a log which issues a bogus SCT but never incorporates the cert into the log.

So that is someting monitors should look at.

> We are unaware of any way to efficiently address this issue without introducing either privacy problems or
> latency. In order to validate inclusion in the log, the RP needs to validate that other entities (e.g., the
> software manufacturer) have the same view of the log. Either the RP downloads the whole log (which is
> inefficient), queries for the specific certificate in question (which has privacy problems) or retrieves a
> checkpoint which vouches for some batch of certificates (which introduces batch latency).

So personally, I would like to know that ACME-style issued certificates
would start being accepted within a few minutes. At least for those
sites that did not have a certificate before. If we are talking about
renewing, then it should be able to properly submit new entries to log
before actually activating the new certs, so some latency wouldn't matter.

Am I missing something?

Paul


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From: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>
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--94eb2c14bd2ae222b905464c3dd2
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On Tue, Jan 17, 2017 at 10:34 AM, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:

> On Mon, 16 Jan 2017, Richard Barnes wrote:
>
> Speaking as individual only...
>
> - It is not practical to build a publicly verifiable log system that
>> incorporates SCTs
>> - The existing tools for public verifiability need to be made more
>> efficient in order to work on the scale
>> envisioned
>>
>
> So I think there might be a different perception here of the goal of
> CT. I think you are looking at a 100% catch-before-it-happens
> scenario. While the document is only about "exposing rogue parties".
>

Those two goals are not as different as you might think.  Either way, you
need for the client to detect equivocation.  You need the same data; it's
just a question of when.



> Fundamentally, CT is a public ledger system: every certificate is suppose=
d
>> to be entered into a log and RPs
>> only accept certificates which are logged. In order for this to work
>> properly, RPs need to be able to verify
>> that there is public consensus about the state of the log. Otherwise,
>> logs can =E2=80=9Cequivocate=E2=80=9D: represent to the
>> RP that a given certificate was published when it in fact was not.
>> Unfortunately, in practice RPs are not
>> doing this verification (for reasons discussed below), and so CT reduces
>> to a countersignature scheme in which
>> the RP trusts the log not to equivocate. There are two primary challenge=
s
>> here, as detailed below.
>>
>
> The monitors are supposed to use multiple logs, presumably not all of
> which are colluding. So a rogue log would be found out and lose its
> trust? Maybe not in time for this one client visiting this one website,
> but that was never the expected goal of CT.
>

I think you mean "RPs" where you say "monitors", right?

Even in this scenario, in order for the rogue log to be found out, you
still need a system for detecting equivocation, which we don't have now.



> It has been known for quite some time that the public verifiability piece
>> of CT introduces latency in
>> certificate issuance. In order to allow for immediate certificate
>> issuance, logs instead issue SCTs, which are
>> just promises to incorporate the certificate into the log; effectively
>> the SCT is a countersignature on the
>> certificate. However, if an RP accepts a certificate + SCT, then it is
>> vulnerable to collusion between a CA
>> which issues a bogus cert and a log which issues a bogus SCT but never
>> incorporates the cert into the log.
>>
>
> So that is someting monitors should look at.
>
> We are unaware of any way to efficiently address this issue without
>> introducing either privacy problems or
>> latency. In order to validate inclusion in the log, the RP needs to
>> validate that other entities (e.g., the
>> software manufacturer) have the same view of the log. Either the RP
>> downloads the whole log (which is
>> inefficient), queries for the specific certificate in question (which ha=
s
>> privacy problems) or retrieves a
>> checkpoint which vouches for some batch of certificates (which introduce=
s
>> batch latency).
>>
>
> So personally, I would like to know that ACME-style issued certificates
> would start being accepted within a few minutes. At least for those
> sites that did not have a certificate before. If we are talking about
> renewing, then it should be able to properly submit new entries to log
> before actually activating the new certs, so some latency wouldn't matter=
.
>

As I noted in my little quantitative analysis, you can get the data
structures down to a reasonable size with a ~8min issuance delay if you're
willing to refactor the log structure.

--Richard



>
> Am I missing something?
>
> Paul
>

--94eb2c14bd2ae222b905464c3dd2
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quo=
te">On Tue, Jan 17, 2017 at 10:34 AM, Paul Wouters <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a=
 href=3D"mailto:paul@nohats.ca" target=3D"_blank">paul@nohats.ca</a>&gt;</s=
pan> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex=
;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">On Mon, 16 Jan 2017, Richard =
Barnes wrote:<br>
<br>
Speaking as individual only...<span class=3D""><br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
- It is not practical to build a publicly verifiable log system that incorp=
orates SCTs<br>
- The existing tools for public verifiability need to be made more efficien=
t in order to work on the scale<br>
envisioned<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
So I think there might be a different perception here of the goal of<br>
CT. I think you are looking at a 100% catch-before-it-happens<br>
scenario. While the document is only about &quot;exposing rogue parties&quo=
t;.<span class=3D""><br></span></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Those two g=
oals are not as different as you might think.=C2=A0 Either way, you need fo=
r the client to detect equivocation.=C2=A0 You need the same data; it&#39;s=
 just a question of when.<br></div><div><br>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=
=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padd=
ing-left:1ex"><span class=3D"">
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
Fundamentally, CT is a public ledger system: every certificate is supposed =
to be entered into a log and RPs<br>
only accept certificates which are logged. In order for this to work proper=
ly, RPs need to be able to verify<br>
that there is public consensus about the state of the log. Otherwise, logs =
can =E2=80=9Cequivocate=E2=80=9D: represent to the<br>
RP that a given certificate was published when it in fact was not. Unfortun=
ately, in practice RPs are not<br>
doing this verification (for reasons discussed below), and so CT reduces to=
 a countersignature scheme in which<br>
the RP trusts the log not to equivocate. There are two primary challenges h=
ere, as detailed below.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
The monitors are supposed to use multiple logs, presumably not all of<br>
which are colluding. So a rogue log would be found out and lose its<br>
trust? Maybe not in time for this one client visiting this one website,<br>
but that was never the expected goal of CT.<span class=3D""><br></span></bl=
ockquote><div><br></div><div>I think you mean &quot;RPs&quot; where you say=
 &quot;monitors&quot;, right?<br><br></div><div>Even in this scenario, in o=
rder for the rogue log to be found out, you still need a system for detecti=
ng equivocation, which we don&#39;t have now. <br><br></div><div>=C2=A0</di=
v><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:=
1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class=3D"">
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
It has been known for quite some time that the public verifiability piece o=
f CT introduces latency in<br>
certificate issuance. In order to allow for immediate certificate issuance,=
 logs instead issue SCTs, which are<br>
just promises to incorporate the certificate into the log; effectively the =
SCT is a countersignature on the<br>
certificate. However, if an RP accepts a certificate + SCT, then it is vuln=
erable to collusion between a CA<br>
which issues a bogus cert and a log which issues a bogus SCT but never inco=
rporates the cert into the log.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
So that is someting monitors should look at.<span class=3D""><br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
We are unaware of any way to efficiently address this issue without introdu=
cing either privacy problems or<br>
latency. In order to validate inclusion in the log, the RP needs to validat=
e that other entities (e.g., the<br>
software manufacturer) have the same view of the log. Either the RP downloa=
ds the whole log (which is<br>
inefficient), queries for the specific certificate in question (which has p=
rivacy problems) or retrieves a<br>
checkpoint which vouches for some batch of certificates (which introduces b=
atch latency).<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
So personally, I would like to know that ACME-style issued certificates<br>
would start being accepted within a few minutes. At least for those<br>
sites that did not have a certificate before. If we are talking about<br>
renewing, then it should be able to properly submit new entries to log<br>
before actually activating the new certs, so some latency wouldn&#39;t matt=
er.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>As I noted in my little quantitativ=
e analysis, you can get the data structures down to a reasonable size with =
a ~8min issuance delay if you&#39;re willing to refactor the log structure.=
<br><br></div><div>--Richard<br></div><div><br>=C2=A0</div><blockquote clas=
s=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;pad=
ding-left:1ex">
<br>
Am I missing something?<span class=3D"HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"><br>
<br>
Paul<br>
</font></span></blockquote></div><br></div></div>

--94eb2c14bd2ae222b905464c3dd2--


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From: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>
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Subject: [Trans] Evaluating the Gossip Draft
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Hi all,

The Gossip draft has been sitting for a bit, we've gotten a few
comments but we'd like more. I wanted to take this opportunity to
compare/contrast it with another draft. Google has a (public, although
not well-publicised) draft for something that is Gossip-like,
available at https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FP5J5Sfsg0OR9P4YT0q1dM02iavhi8ix1mZlZe_z-ls/edit?pref=2&pli=1#

I think it's pretty interesting, and even though they don't want to
consider it 'Gossip', the goal of log consistency checking is pretty
near and dear to Gossip. So I want to think about it and kind of do an
apple-to-orange comparison with the IETF draft we've been working on
and see if there are things we should incorporate or consider
incorporating in our draft or (and this would be better) there are
things we could remove from our draft. While it's been worked on for a
while, I'm not the author of the Google draft so I don't want to speak
for them in terms of their commitment to it, its status, or whatnot.
When I say things like "They are" or "Chrome will" please translate
that to "The draft proposes that Chrome do X". (It's also important to
note that they're taking a methodical, phased approach to
implementation, so while this is something they do now it doesn't mean
they won't build up on it later.)

Anyway, their draft takes a very reasonable phased approach to
consistency checking. Chrome will receive a push of fresh STHs from
Google once a day. When Chrome encounters SCTs during normal web
browsing, it will request an inclusion proof via DNS. From here, one
can speculate about what log consistency checking can do, but in the
initial deployment phase Chrome will just be collecting metrics to
answer questions like:
- How often do we encounter SCTs that haven't been included yet?
- How long might we have to queue these SCTs for later checking?
- How often do we get inclusion proof failures?
- How well does the STH push mechanism work?


First, let me analyze their proposal. This is touchy - I'm not asking
them to defend it really, I'm just trying to figure out why I may not
like it, and what things I consider to be problematic enough to stop
me from just scrapping ours and re-architecting it in a way that
resembles theirs...

First off, apparently we never defined the threat model we expected
our Gossip draft to defend against. (Well, we kind of buried it over
here: https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trans-gossip-03#section-10.3
but that's not very well-written.) I think I speak for my co-authors
when I say we assume the below. It's reasonable that Google's threat
model may not match ours and therefore evaluating their algorithm
against our threat model is kind of unfair... but I'm going to do it
anyway I guess.

a) An attacker can compromise a CA and get a mis-issued end entity
certificate (or subCA cert)
b) An attacker can compromise multiple logs, such that they can get
sufficient SCTs required to meet certificate acceptance policies
c) An attacker can compromise those logs to cause a split-view of the
log to be generated if desired
d) An attacker can perform a TLS MITM (using their cert and SCT) of a
client, for any individual or indeed all websites for a *limited*
period of time (meaning they cannot MITM a website forever)
e) An attacker can selectively _block_ network connections at will,
forever, based on direct identifiers like hostnames or using
heuristics.

f) Additionally, we would *like* to defend against an attacker who can
thoroughly compromise two CAs to do the 'Dual CA attack'. But this is
not a strict requirement.

Finally, we admit that there are (at least) two attacks in our threat
model the attacker could perform that we do not attempt to defend
against:
i) Blocking all software updates for a client (such as new CT
policies/code, removing compromised logs, removing compromised CAs)
[1]
ii) Performing a TLS MITM of a website, and then blocking the client
from communicating with that website ever again (in conjunction with
selective network blocking)




Security:

Google pushes STHs to clients. Any attempt at putting an individual
Chrome client onto a split view can be detected. But Google (and
therefore all Chrome clients) could be put on the same split view. Or,
on the other side of the view, the attacker simply doesn't attack
Chrome clients. Because it's unlikely that an attacker would decide to
attempt an attack that puts Google and all Chrome clients onto a
malicious side of the tree, I suppose this is acceptable for Google,
but I would prefer an ecosystem where different clients will share
data amongst themselves, resulting in true herd immunity, and not '5
herds, each with some level of immunity'.  (To be fair, this seems
like something that might be added in a later version and would be
explicitly excluded from initial deployment while one tests the
waters.)

Nothing in this proposal can detect a Dual CA Compromise, but that's
something that could be added later I suppose.

There are fixed-sized buffers with well-defined behaviors and no
randomization. (At least, going off the proposal.) This leads me to
believe it would be fairly easy to perform a flushing attack (or a
preload-the-cache attack) on a client which, when combined with a
strategy of 'delay all inclusion proof requests temporarily', would
lead to an undetectable attack on a client.


Censorship:

Consider an attack on CT: Mallory compromises a CA to sign a cert, and
N logs to get N SCTs for the cert. (SCTs which are never included in
the log.)

I do not see a way with this proposal, or an obvious extension of it
that preserves privacy, to detect the attack when the attacker also
blocks (some or all) DNS inclusion proof requests. DNS filtering is in
use all over the place, in both known-censored countries like those in
the Middle East, but also in place in 'free' European countries like
Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, Denmark, and Estonia. Therefore,
I think it's reasonable to assume a threat model where the attacker
can block selected DNS queries effectively forever.

Defending against this is a pain in the butt. Some solution(s) to this
problem are:
- Send proof requests over a different channel. Tor. Or use
DNS-over-TLS or DNS-over-QUIC or something similar for all DNS - but
this requires your DNS endpoint to not be run by your adversary (the
ISP probably)
- The main one: use SCT Feedback. (Obviously requires opt-in by the
website under attack)
- Use a Trusted Auditor (undesirable for a number of reasons)


Privacy:

There may not be any consideration given to how inclusion request
ordering and clustering discloses information to logs. It implies the
SCTs will be entered into an (ordered?) de-duplicated queue.






Okay, now I want to compare it to our draft
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trans-gossip-04

I'm going to extrapolate the current proposal into one that does the
following: If an inclusion proof is received that chains to a STH the
client doesn't know about, and the STH is reported to be within the
timeframe that the client should know 'all' the STHs - the STH is
reported to Google. This still isn't Gossip, but it does start doing
and reporting on actual log consistency check and might catch a
malicious or compromised log. I don't know if this is Google's plan,
but it seems like a natural extension of it...

First off, Google's plan is so much less complex than ours. This comes
from a few places:
1) There's nothing about 'Trusted Auditors'. Google obviously has some
trusted auditor implementation in their crawler, but its
privacy/security considerations and API format are omitted.
2) It omits SCT Feedback.
3) I am assuming it takes a 'Report weird STHs to Google' approach
instead of the STH Pollination approach we define. The assumption I
make I am actually okay with privacy/security wise although I prefer
the Pollination approach as a more open and interacting ecosystem
notion.
4) It omits talking about defenses against flushing attacks.

What should we take away from this?

Firstly, no one *likes* Trusted Auditors. I mean it'd be good to
standardize an API for it, but maybe we should remove it from the
draft and say 'We'll work on this in a different draft later?'

Secondly, while I prefer STH Pollination, it could be replaced by
Google's idea (and my extrapolation) of pushing STHs to clients and
reporting weird ones up to the client vendor. This has the
disadvantage of causing the 'multiple herds' situation, but has the
advantage of requiring less work from site operators and pushes less
total data around the internet. It would be necessary that the 'report
weird STHs' mechanism be sufficiently protected against
heuristic-based blocking though.

However, because of the censorship concerns I raised, I am not eager
to remove SCT Feedback...



Something I am unsure about is how Google plans to handle the case of
'Requesting an inclusion proof for this SCT always fails'. Clearly
'Send the SCT to the Google' is easy but... not very privacy
preserving. Maybe failure rates will indicate that this happens so
infrequently that it is acceptable privacy wise?[2] In our draft we
propose that one MUST NOT do this and that if the site does not
support SCT Feedback... Thinking about this more, this seems like a
pretty big failure scenario. We definitely want to detect SCTs that
are not included in logs - that's probably the easiest possible log
compromise but right now we have only a mediocre answer to it (since
SCT Feedback will not be deployed by many or most websites.) I'd love
to hear people's thoughts here.







I've realized some additional things about the current gossip draft:

- As mentioned in the paragraph above, we don't have a good story
about SCTs we fail to get inclusion proofs for.
- It de-facto requires resolving proofs over DNS (I'd prefer Tor but
I'm being realistic), but the only provider of this functionality is
Google. This isn't a good ecosystem.
- Proof requests are a good target for DNS reflection attacks :-/
- We haven't done a good job of considering all the client
implementations of Gossip, in particular how our proposal maps to
Mobile. Which security guarantees will be de-facto relaxed, and to
what degree, by the constraints of mobile?
- As I mentioned above, we never put a well-described threat model
into the document.

-tom

[1] Such an attack can be detected, using something like The Update
Framework, but the behavior of a client when it knows it is being
blocked is an open problem. Do you just show the user an error like
"Sorry, I've decided to stop working for you. Good luck figuring out
how to update me"?
[2] Although such a decision would lead to de-anonymization attacks
possible by logs!


From nobody Tue Jan 17 08:30:32 2017
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References: <CAL02cgQ-dYT3o7NWc8JZw7Knuv2ssRAvkhmbLiyMYT8dWX9MfA@mail.gmail.com> <alpine.LRH.2.20.1701171024480.14110@bofh.nohats.ca>
From: Rob Stradling <rob.stradling@comodo.com>
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Subject: [Trans] Minimum SCT age (was Re: WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24)
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On 17/01/17 15:34, Paul Wouters wrote:
<snip>
> So I think there might be a different perception here of the goal of
> CT. I think you are looking at a 100% catch-before-it-happens
> scenario. While the document is only about "exposing rogue parties".
<snip>
> So personally, I would like to know that ACME-style issued certificates
> would start being accepted within a few minutes. At least for those
> sites that did not have a certificate before. If we are talking about
> renewing, then it should be able to properly submit new entries to log
> before actually activating the new certs, so some latency wouldn't matter.

Forking the thread to propose an idea:

Let a domain owner specify (perhaps via an extension to the proposed 
Expect-CT HTTP header?) the minimum age of each SCT that TLS clients may 
accept when establishing TLS connections to servers within that domain 
space.  (I'm imagining that minimum SCT ages would typically be measured 
in days, rather than weeks or months).

This mechanism would transform CT from a detection system to a 
prevention system.  Well, sort of.  Since each cert for that domain 
space would have to be publicly logged some number of days in advance of 
it being used, the legitimate domain owner would have a window of 
opportunity to detect a misissued cert (and request that it be revoked) 
before an attacker could actually use it for their nefarious purposes.

Of course, the downside of this mechanism is that it's a footgun.  If a 
domain owner forgets to obtain a cert and to publicly log it 
sufficiently far in advance, there will be a period of time during which 
they can't serve a compliant cert to TLS clients, even if they have a 
correctly issued cert ready to go.

Any comments?

-- 
Rob Stradling
Senior Research & Development Scientist
COMODO - Creating Trust Online


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From: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>
Date: Tue, 17 Jan 2017 11:07:47 -0600
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To: Rob Stradling <rob.stradling@comodo.com>
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Subject: Re: [Trans] Minimum SCT age (was Re: WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24)
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On 17 January 2017 at 10:30, Rob Stradling <rob.stradling@comodo.com> wrote:
> On 17/01/17 15:34, Paul Wouters wrote:
> <snip>
>>
>> So I think there might be a different perception here of the goal of
>> CT. I think you are looking at a 100% catch-before-it-happens
>> scenario. While the document is only about "exposing rogue parties".
>
> <snip>
>>
>> So personally, I would like to know that ACME-style issued certificates
>> would start being accepted within a few minutes. At least for those
>> sites that did not have a certificate before. If we are talking about
>> renewing, then it should be able to properly submit new entries to log
>> before actually activating the new certs, so some latency wouldn't matter.
>
>
> Forking the thread to propose an idea:
>
> Let a domain owner specify (perhaps via an extension to the proposed
> Expect-CT HTTP header?) the minimum age of each SCT that TLS clients may
> accept when establishing TLS connections to servers within that domain
> space.  (I'm imagining that minimum SCT ages would typically be measured in
> days, rather than weeks or months).
>
> This mechanism would transform CT from a detection system to a prevention
> system.  Well, sort of.  Since each cert for that domain space would have to
> be publicly logged some number of days in advance of it being used, the
> legitimate domain owner would have a window of opportunity to detect a
> misissued cert (and request that it be revoked) before an attacker could
> actually use it for their nefarious purposes.
>
> Of course, the downside of this mechanism is that it's a footgun.  If a
> domain owner forgets to obtain a cert and to publicly log it sufficiently
> far in advance, there will be a period of time during which they can't serve
> a compliant cert to TLS clients, even if they have a correctly issued cert
> ready to go.
>
> Any comments?

It assumes the malicious log doesn't backdate a SCT..

It also assumes the client has a clock that is correct to the order of
a few days...

-tom


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To: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>
References: <CAL02cgQ-dYT3o7NWc8JZw7Knuv2ssRAvkhmbLiyMYT8dWX9MfA@mail.gmail.com> <alpine.LRH.2.20.1701171024480.14110@bofh.nohats.ca> <69ab4ad0-6f24-d421-849e-f5aa7e52be23@comodo.com> <CA+cU71=dQhbbEtygNRrUugA9z0+-yj3FqRNANBZv=NjLXXZW+Q@mail.gmail.com>
From: Rob Stradling <rob.stradling@comodo.com>
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Date: Tue, 17 Jan 2017 17:16:06 +0000
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Subject: Re: [Trans] Minimum SCT age (was Re: WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24)
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On 17/01/17 17:07, Tom Ritter wrote:
<snip>
>> Any comments?
>
> It assumes the malicious log doesn't backdate a SCT..

True.  So, require multiple SCTs from multiple logs, and let the TLS 
client consider only the age of the most recent SCT timestamp.

> It also assumes the client has a clock that is correct to the order of
> a few days...

True.  Is it, or might it soon be, reasonable to make that assumption?

e.g., https://roughtime.googlesource.com/roughtime sounds promising, I 
think.

-- 
Rob Stradling
Senior Research & Development Scientist
COMODO - Creating Trust Online


From nobody Tue Jan 17 09:40:48 2017
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From: Andrew Ayer <agwa@andrewayer.name>
To: Rob Stradling <rob.stradling@comodo.com>
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Subject: Re: [Trans] Minimum SCT age (was Re: WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24)
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On Tue, 17 Jan 2017 16:30:23 +0000
Rob Stradling <rob.stradling@comodo.com> wrote:

> On 17/01/17 15:34, Paul Wouters wrote:
> <snip>
> > So I think there might be a different perception here of the goal of
> > CT. I think you are looking at a 100% catch-before-it-happens
> > scenario. While the document is only about "exposing rogue parties".
> <snip>
> > So personally, I would like to know that ACME-style issued
> > certificates would start being accepted within a few minutes. At
> > least for those sites that did not have a certificate before. If we
> > are talking about renewing, then it should be able to properly
> > submit new entries to log before actually activating the new certs,
> > so some latency wouldn't matter.
> 
> Forking the thread to propose an idea:
> 
> Let a domain owner specify (perhaps via an extension to the proposed 
> Expect-CT HTTP header?) the minimum age of each SCT that TLS clients
> may accept when establishing TLS connections to servers within that
> domain space.  (I'm imagining that minimum SCT ages would typically
> be measured in days, rather than weeks or months).
> 
> This mechanism would transform CT from a detection system to a 
> prevention system.  Well, sort of.  Since each cert for that domain 
> space would have to be publicly logged some number of days in advance
> of it being used, the legitimate domain owner would have a window of 
> opportunity to detect a misissued cert (and request that it be
> revoked) before an attacker could actually use it for their nefarious
> purposes.
> 
> Of course, the downside of this mechanism is that it's a footgun.  If
> a domain owner forgets to obtain a cert and to publicly log it 
> sufficiently far in advance, there will be a period of time during
> which they can't serve a compliant cert to TLS clients, even if they
> have a correctly issued cert ready to go.
> 
> Any comments?

I think it's a good idea.  It's a footgun, but it's much safer
than HPKP, since the minimum SCT age needn't be more than a few days.
If you screw up HPKP, you're bricked until the pins expire, which could
be months.

I would like to propose a similar mechanism that tells the client
to expect that an inclusion proof be included in the TLS handshake.
This will save clients from having to validate the SCT, which is
fraught with difficulty.  This is a worse footgun, since it will lock
server operators into using a TLS server implementation that supports
inclusion proofs, but this will become less bad as more TLS servers add
support.  It's still safer than HPKP.

Regards,
Andrew


From nobody Tue Jan 17 16:33:14 2017
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Date: Tue, 17 Jan 2017 16:32:57 -0800
From: Bill Frantz <frantz@pwpconsult.com>
To: Rob Stradling <rob.stradling@comodo.com>
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Subject: Re: [Trans] Minimum SCT age (was Re: WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24)
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On 1/17/17 at 9:16 AM, rob.stradling@comodo.com (Rob Stradling) wrote:

>On 17/01/17 17:07, Tom Ritter wrote:
<snip>
>
>>It also assumes the client has a clock that is correct to the order of
>>a few days...
>
>True.  Is it, or might it soon be, reasonable to make that assumption?
>
>e.g., https://roughtime.googlesource.com/roughtime sounds promising, I thi=
nk.
>

Machines such as the Raspberry PI and the Beaglebone do not have=20
clock chips, although it is easy to add an external real time=20
clock board. They can set their clocks from NTP if they have=20
internet access, which is more-or-less needed to run a browser,=20
unless running on private network. I can see scenerios where=20
they can have a very badly off clock though.

Cheers - Bill

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bill Frantz        | Re: Computer reliability, performance, and security:
408-356-8506       | The guy who *is* wearing a parachute is=20
*not* the
www.pwpconsult.com | first to reach the ground.  - Terence Kelly


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To: Bill Frantz <frantz@pwpconsult.com>
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Cc: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>, Rob Stradling <rob.stradling@comodo.com>, "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Trans] Minimum SCT age (was Re: WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24)
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I agree the most suitable place for this option is the Expect-CT header
(because there's no other way for domain owners to signal any CT
preferences to the UAs right now).

As Tom points out, this is a prevention mechanism against mis-issuance by a
CA and does not provide any protection against malicious logs.

On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 12:32 AM, Bill Frantz <frantz@pwpconsult.com> wrote:

> On 1/17/17 at 9:16 AM, rob.stradling@comodo.com (Rob Stradling) wrote:
>
> On 17/01/17 17:07, Tom Ritter wrote:
>>
> <snip>
>
>>
>> It also assumes the client has a clock that is correct to the order of
>>> a few days...
>>>
>>
>> True.  Is it, or might it soon be, reasonable to make that assumption?
>>
>> e.g., https://roughtime.googlesource.com/roughtime sounds promising, I
>> think.
>>
>>
> Machines such as the Raspberry PI and the Beaglebone do not have clock
> chips, although it is easy to add an external real time clock board. They
> can set their clocks from NTP if they have internet access, which is
> more-or-less needed to run a browser, unless running on private network. I
> can see scenerios where they can have a very badly off clock though.
>
That's a real concern - Chrome folks have data around client clock accuracy
(and how that affects SSL connections), requiring client clock to be
accurate to within a day may be a high bar (again, would need data to
confirm).

>
> Cheers - Bill
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------
> ---------------
> Bill Frantz        | Re: Computer reliability, performance, and security:
> 408-356-8506       | The guy who *is* wearing a parachute is *not* the
> www.pwpconsult.com | first to reach the ground.  - Terence Kelly
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>I agree the most suitable place for this option is th=
e Expect-CT header (because there&#39;s no other way for domain owners to s=
ignal any CT preferences to the UAs right now).</div><div><br></div>As Tom =
points out, this is a prevention mechanism against mis-issuance by a CA and=
 does not provide any protection against malicious logs.<div class=3D"gmail=
_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 12:32 AM, Bi=
ll Frantz <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:frantz@pwpconsult.com" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">frantz@pwpconsult.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote =
class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid=
;padding-left:1ex"><span class=3D"">On 1/17/17 at 9:16 AM, <a href=3D"mailt=
o:rob.stradling@comodo.com" target=3D"_blank">rob.stradling@comodo.com</a> =
(Rob Stradling) wrote:<br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
On 17/01/17 17:07, Tom Ritter wrote:<br>
</blockquote>
&lt;snip&gt;<br>
</span><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-=
left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br><span class=3D"">
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
It also assumes the client has a clock that is correct to the order of<br>
a few days...<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
True.=C2=A0 Is it, or might it soon be, reasonable to make that assumption?=
<br>
<br>
e.g., <a href=3D"https://roughtime.googlesource.com/roughtime" rel=3D"noref=
errer" target=3D"_blank">https://roughtime.googlesource<wbr>.com/roughtime<=
/a> sounds promising, I think.<br>
<br>
</span></blockquote>
<br>
Machines such as the Raspberry PI and the Beaglebone do not have clock chip=
s, although it is easy to add an external real time clock board. They can s=
et their clocks from NTP if they have internet access, which is more-or-les=
s needed to run a browser, unless running on private network. I can see sce=
nerios where they can have a very badly off clock though.<br></blockquote><=
div>That&#39;s a real concern - Chrome folks have data around client clock =
accuracy (and how that affects SSL connections), requiring client clock to =
be accurate to within a day may be a high bar (again, would need data to co=
nfirm).</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;b=
order-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br>
Cheers - Bill<br>
<br>
------------------------------<wbr>------------------------------<wbr>-----=
----------<br>
Bill Frantz=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | Re: Computer reliability, performa=
nce, and security:<br>
<a href=3D"tel:408-356-8506" value=3D"+14083568506" target=3D"_blank">408-3=
56-8506</a>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0| The guy who *is* wearing a parachut=
e is *not* the<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.pwpconsult.com" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">=
www.pwpconsult.com</a> | first to reach the ground.=C2=A0 - Terence Kelly<d=
iv class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=3D"h5"><br>
<br>
______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
Trans mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Trans@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">Trans@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans" rel=3D"noreferrer" =
target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/trans</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div>

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Cc: Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietf@sleevi.com>, "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Trans] Privacy analysis of the DNS-based protocol for obtaining inclusion proof
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Thanks all for the feedback, which I've attempted summarizing below, let me
know if I've missed something:

- Navigating to hosts by IP which have SSL certificates logged in CT logs
would now be disclosed to the UA's resolver. A mitigation could be not
looking up inclusion proofs for these if data shows this is a common use
case.

- Inclusion proof queries may end up going through different resolvers if
there's a local authoritative resolver for the domain in question: The same
scenario mentioned in discussions about name redaction, where internal
host-names (which are resolved by a local, authoritative resolver within an
organization's network boundary, not resolvable outside of it) are secured
by public CA certificates. In that scenario, it seems to me the inclusion
proof queries would originate from a small number of recursive resolvers
within that organization, given UAs outside the organization's network
shouldn't ever observe these certificates.

- Unknown how many IPs are served by recursive resolvers, as some recursive
resolvers may serve very few clients or the possibility of user clustering:
That's no worse than the current system, isn't it? I believe (hope!) home
routers run forwarding resolvers that'd forward to the ISP's DNS servers,
so only users who run their own recursive resolvers are affected, and what
they disclose to the authoritative resolver for inclusion proof queries is
the same as what's disclosed to root servers.

- Privacy analysis in the context of client identification mechanisms:
Something I definitely intend to look into, once there's consensus that the
privacy analysis for this protocol is accurate (no point evaluating it in
the context of other client identification mechanisms beforehand).

- Resource Hints: Not sure I see how that's related to this discussion.
Ryan, can you elaborate?


On Thu, Jan 12, 2017 at 10:28 PM, Andrew Ayer <agwa@andrewayer.name> wrote:

> On Thu, 12 Jan 2017 12:32:54 -0800
> Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietf@sleevi.com> wrote:
>
> > On Thu, Jan 12, 2017 at 9:42 AM, Andrew Ayer <agwa@andrewayer.name>
> > wrote:
> > > I. Under the "Certificates for hosts whose address was not obtained
> > > via DNS lookup" section, a few scenarios come to mind:
> > >
> > > 1. The host was accessed by IP address.
> >
> > To expand on this: Your assumption/model here is that the DNS resolver
> > learns this information, but they are not otherwise on-path, correct?
> > That is, imagine a user using a resolver of 8.8.8.8 - presumably,
> > Google's not malicious, but this would disclose to them IP-based
> > connections?
>
> It would disclose the IP-based connection to the resolver, the log's DNS
> frontend, and any eavesdropper along the path taken by the DNS query.
>
> Normally when you initiate a connection based on IP address, no one learns
> about it except for nodes along the path to the endpoint (assuming no
> OCSP), and that path might not even traverse the public Internet.
>
> > > 2. The hostname was resolved by a SOCKS proxy server.
> >
> > This is only relevant to clients that support SOCKSv5-based
> > resolutions, right?
>
> Also clients that support SOCKS4a.
>
> > And is this just a specialized form of "using a
> > different resolver"? Or do you think it's distinct?
>
> It could be seen as a specialized form of using a different resolver.
> (To be pedantic, the hostname lookup is not performed by the UA and the
> SOCKS server might not even use DNS, which is why it seemed to fit better
> in the "not obtained via DNS" category.)
>
> > > I think more data is needed before concluding that this
> > > approach provides the desired privacy.  Could Chrome run an
> > > experiment which resolves a DNS record for a hostname of the form
> > > <client-public-IP-address>.<test-domain>, and measure how many
> > > different <client-public-IP-address>es per recursive server are
> > > observed over various time periods by the authoritative servers
> > > for <test-domain>?
> >
> > In expanding on your hypothetical test, what's the outcome or desired
> > property that you're trying to measure? I imagine a total number of
> > distinct IPs is itself not meaningful to such an analysis.
>
> We would want to know the number of distinct <client-public-IP-address>es
> per DNS resolver IP address that sends a DNS query for <test-domain>.
> The desired property is that this number is high for most DNS resolvers,
> as this indicates that there is privacy value to using DNS instead of
> fetching inclusion proofs directly from logs.
>
> Regards,
> Andrew
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr">Thanks all for the feedback, which I&#39;ve attempted summ=
arizing below, let me know if I&#39;ve missed something:<div><br></div><div=
>- Navigating to hosts by IP which have SSL certificates logged in CT logs =
would now be disclosed to the UA&#39;s resolver. A mitigation could be not =
looking up inclusion proofs for these if data shows this is a common use ca=
se.</div><div><br></div><div>- Inclusion proof queries may end up going thr=
ough different resolvers if there&#39;s a local authoritative resolver for =
the domain in question: The same scenario mentioned in discussions about na=
me redaction, where internal host-names (which are resolved by a local, aut=
horitative resolver within an organization&#39;s network boundary, not reso=
lvable outside of it) are secured by public CA certificates. In that scenar=
io, it seems to me the inclusion proof queries would originate from a small=
 number of recursive resolvers within that organization, given UAs outside =
the organization&#39;s network shouldn&#39;t ever observe these certificate=
s.</div><div><br></div><div>- Unknown how many IPs are served by recursive =
resolvers, as some recursive resolvers may serve very few clients or the po=
ssibility of user clustering: That&#39;s no worse than the current system, =
isn&#39;t it? I believe (hope!) home routers run forwarding resolvers that&=
#39;d forward to the ISP&#39;s DNS servers, so only users who run their own=
 recursive resolvers are affected, and what they disclose to the authoritat=
ive resolver for inclusion proof queries is the same as what&#39;s disclose=
d to root servers.</div><div><br></div><div>- Privacy analysis in the conte=
xt of client identification mechanisms: Something I definitely intend to lo=
ok into, once there&#39;s consensus that the privacy analysis for this prot=
ocol is accurate (no point evaluating it in the context of other client ide=
ntification mechanisms beforehand).</div><div><br></div><div>- Resource Hin=
ts: Not sure I see how that&#39;s related to this discussion. Ryan, can you=
 elaborate?</div><div><br></div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div c=
lass=3D"gmail_quote">On Thu, Jan 12, 2017 at 10:28 PM, Andrew Ayer <span di=
r=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:agwa@andrewayer.name" target=3D"_blank">agw=
a@andrewayer.name</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote=
" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><=
span class=3D"">On Thu, 12 Jan 2017 12:32:54 -0800<br>
Ryan Sleevi &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ryan-ietf@sleevi.com">ryan-ietf@sleevi.co=
m</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
<br>
&gt; On Thu, Jan 12, 2017 at 9:42 AM, Andrew Ayer &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:agw=
a@andrewayer.name">agwa@andrewayer.name</a>&gt;<br>
&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; &gt; I. Under the &quot;Certificates for hosts whose address was not o=
btained<br>
&gt; &gt; via DNS lookup&quot; section, a few scenarios come to mind:<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; 1. The host was accessed by IP address.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; To expand on this: Your assumption/model here is that the DNS resolver=
<br>
&gt; learns this information, but they are not otherwise on-path, correct?<=
br>
&gt; That is, imagine a user using a resolver of 8.8.8.8 - presumably,<br>
&gt; Google&#39;s not malicious, but this would disclose to them IP-based<b=
r>
&gt; connections?<br>
<br>
</span>It would disclose the IP-based connection to the resolver, the log&#=
39;s DNS<br>
frontend, and any eavesdropper along the path taken by the DNS query.<br>
<br>
Normally when you initiate a connection based on IP address, no one learns<=
br>
about it except for nodes along the path to the endpoint (assuming no<br>
OCSP), and that path might not even traverse the public Internet.<br>
<span class=3D""><br>
&gt; &gt; 2. The hostname was resolved by a SOCKS proxy server.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; This is only relevant to clients that support SOCKSv5-based<br>
&gt; resolutions, right?<br>
<br>
</span>Also clients that support SOCKS4a.<br>
<span class=3D""><br>
&gt; And is this just a specialized form of &quot;using a<br>
&gt; different resolver&quot;? Or do you think it&#39;s distinct?<br>
<br>
</span>It could be seen as a specialized form of using a different resolver=
.<br>
(To be pedantic, the hostname lookup is not performed by the UA and the<br>
SOCKS server might not even use DNS, which is why it seemed to fit better<b=
r>
in the &quot;not obtained via DNS&quot; category.)<br>
<span class=3D""><br>
&gt; &gt; I think more data is needed before concluding that this<br>
&gt; &gt; approach provides the desired privacy.=C2=A0 Could Chrome run an<=
br>
&gt; &gt; experiment which resolves a DNS record for a hostname of the form=
<br>
&gt; &gt; &lt;client-public-IP-address&gt;.&lt;<wbr>test-domain&gt;, and me=
asure how many<br>
&gt; &gt; different &lt;client-public-IP-address&gt;es per recursive server=
 are<br>
&gt; &gt; observed over various time periods by the authoritative servers<b=
r>
&gt; &gt; for &lt;test-domain&gt;?<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; In expanding on your hypothetical test, what&#39;s the outcome or desi=
red<br>
&gt; property that you&#39;re trying to measure? I imagine a total number o=
f<br>
&gt; distinct IPs is itself not meaningful to such an analysis.<br>
<br>
</span>We would want to know the number of distinct &lt;client-public-IP-ad=
dress&gt;es<br>
per DNS resolver IP address that sends a DNS query for &lt;test-domain&gt;.=
<br>
The desired property is that this number is high for most DNS resolvers,<br=
>
as this indicates that there is privacy value to using DNS instead of<br>
fetching inclusion proofs directly from logs.<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Andrew<br>
<div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=3D"h5"><br>
______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
Trans mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Trans@ietf.org">Trans@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans" rel=3D"noreferrer" =
target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/<wbr>listinfo/trans</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div>

--001a114f7de47bf70605465c47d4--


From nobody Wed Jan 18 04:43:30 2017
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To: Bill Frantz <frantz@pwpconsult.com>
References: <r470Ps-10122i-9258E2CF883C40E9A7299CE50D501D31@Williams-MacBook-Pro.local>
From: Rob Stradling <rob.stradling@comodo.com>
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Cc: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>, trans@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Trans] Minimum SCT age (was Re: WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24)
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On 18/01/17 00:32, Bill Frantz wrote:
> On 1/17/17 at 9:16 AM, rob.stradling@comodo.com (Rob Stradling) wrote:
>
>> On 17/01/17 17:07, Tom Ritter wrote:
> <snip>
>>
>>> It also assumes the client has a clock that is correct to the order of
>>> a few days...
>>
>> True.  Is it, or might it soon be, reasonable to make that assumption?
>>
>> e.g., https://roughtime.googlesource.com/roughtime sounds promising, I
>> think.
>
> Machines such as the Raspberry PI and the Beaglebone do not have clock
> chips, although it is easy to add an external real time clock board.
> They can set their clocks from NTP if they have internet access, which
> is more-or-less needed to run a browser, unless running on private
> network. I can see scenerios where they can have a very badly off clock
> though.

Is it (or might it soon be) reasonable to expect a TLS client to know 
whether or not it has a reliable time source?  If so, then TLS clients 
could just ignore "minimum SCT ages" when they're insufficiently 
confident of when "now" is.

As a way of dealing with clocks that are far behind, perhaps TLS clients 
that implement CT could treat any observed SCT timestamp (that 
corresponds to any observed cert) and any observed STH timestamp as 
trustworthy evidence that these timestamps are in the past rather than 
in the future.  (If multiple SCTs/STHs from multiple logs all agree that 
time X is in the past, then the TLS client can have even greater 
confidence that this is indeed so).

-- 
Rob Stradling
Senior Research & Development Scientist
COMODO - Creating Trust Online


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From: Eran Messeri <eranm@google.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Jan 2017 13:29:04 +0000
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Subject: Re: [Trans] WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24
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--001a113ecff451a4d105465e6881
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I find this analysis very useful, though some of it seems to be based on
different security model than the one we currently use for CT (and as Paul
pointed out, 6962 and 6962-bis are about =E2=80=9Cexposing rogue parties=E2=
=80=9D).

The analysis is correct on the difficulty of public verifiability when only
SCTs are used, which we=E2=80=99re addressing by implementing the DNS-based=
 protocol
<https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=3D506227> (in part t=
o
get data about its reliability). There=E2=80=99s academic work underway to =
get
inclusion proofs, and report log misbehaviour, in a privacy-preserving
manner (I hope to be able to share a paper soon).

Ultimately I agree with Richard=E2=80=99s analysis and Andrew Ayer=E2=80=99=
s comment
<https://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/trans/current/msg02630.html>, that
inclusion proofs (and the STHs they chain to) should be embedded in the
certificate, together with the SCT.
6962-bis specifies the mechanism
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trans-rfc6962-bis-24#section-4.4>
to do it and UAs can require it as a policy.

The claim that =E2=80=9CCT=E2=80=99s public verifiability mechanisms are to=
o inefficient to
be deployed at scale=E2=80=9D is based on the following operating assumptio=
ns for
CT (my understanding from an out-of-band chat with Richard):
- The goal is to not require auditing after the fact but have all auditing
information beforehand (stronger model).
- Logs issue STHs every 8 minutes.
- SCTs are augmented with inclusion proofs up to the STHs covering them.
- Clients download all STHs, check consistency and store them.
- When a certificate with SCT and inclusion proof is observed, it is
rejected if it=E2=80=99s not chaining up to one of the STHs in the client=
=E2=80=99s
storage. If it is, then the SCT=E2=80=99s signature and inclusion proof are=
 checked.

This variation of CT is supposed to provide security against log
misbehaviour but is still deemed too expensive to deploy at the cost of
4MB/month of data for each client. However:
- This assumes CAs are happy to wait 8 minutes for certificate issuance
(issuance bandwidth is high, but that benefits only large-volume CAs).
- It effectively brings down the MMD to 8 minutes.
- What about clients that have been offline for a while and have yet to
catch up with recently-issued STHs? If SSL connections are blocked until a
client catches up, that=E2=80=99s equivalent to on-line certificate checks =
(OCSP).
- A clear-cached-load of Facebook clocks at 1.6MB, slashdot.org 3.2MB,
bbc.co.uk 875KB, which should give some context for the 4MB/month cost
(note not all clients have to participate; herd immunity means all clientns
benefit even if only some audit logs).
- Equivocation may not be possible, but the threat of logs presenting
split-views remains (even if all clients start with a =E2=80=9Ctrusted=E2=
=80=9D STH) - a
collaborative way to compare the view logs present is still necessary
(our auditing
implementation in Chrome <https://codereview.chromium.org/2017563002/> does
not require it as STHs are pushed daily to clients).

Exploration of different schemes for CT with stronger guarantees should be
independent of 6962-bis.
6962-bis allows us to address some of the issues with 6962 (like enabling
embedding of inclusion proofs) and even trial variants (using the
extensions mechanisms).

Hearing a major UA vendor state that CAs should tolerate some latency
during certificate issuance for the benefit of the ecosystem is exciting
news. We can do it with 6962-bis: newer CT log implementations and the
upcoming Trillian based implementation are capable of integrating added
chains into the tree within O(tens of seconds to minutes). Different,
potentially simpler, systems can be built under that assumption (and I=E2=
=80=99ll
let proper cryptographers suggest them :)).

Eran

On Tue, Jan 17, 2017 at 3:49 PM, Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx> wrote:

>
>
> On Tue, Jan 17, 2017 at 10:34 AM, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:
>
>> On Mon, 16 Jan 2017, Richard Barnes wrote:
>>
>> Speaking as individual only...
>>
>> - It is not practical to build a publicly verifiable log system that
>>> incorporates SCTs
>>> - The existing tools for public verifiability need to be made more
>>> efficient in order to work on the scale
>>> envisioned
>>>
>>
>> So I think there might be a different perception here of the goal of
>> CT. I think you are looking at a 100% catch-before-it-happens
>> scenario. While the document is only about "exposing rogue parties".
>>
>
> Those two goals are not as different as you might think.  Either way, you
> need for the client to detect equivocation.  You need the same data; it's
> just a question of when.
>
>
>
>> Fundamentally, CT is a public ledger system: every certificate is
>>> supposed to be entered into a log and RPs
>>> only accept certificates which are logged. In order for this to work
>>> properly, RPs need to be able to verify
>>> that there is public consensus about the state of the log. Otherwise,
>>> logs can =E2=80=9Cequivocate=E2=80=9D: represent to the
>>> RP that a given certificate was published when it in fact was not.
>>> Unfortunately, in practice RPs are not
>>> doing this verification (for reasons discussed below), and so CT reduce=
s
>>> to a countersignature scheme in which
>>> the RP trusts the log not to equivocate. There are two primary
>>> challenges here, as detailed below.
>>>
>>
>> The monitors are supposed to use multiple logs, presumably not all of
>> which are colluding. So a rogue log would be found out and lose its
>> trust? Maybe not in time for this one client visiting this one website,
>> but that was never the expected goal of CT.
>>
>
> I think you mean "RPs" where you say "monitors", right?
>
> Even in this scenario, in order for the rogue log to be found out, you
> still need a system for detecting equivocation, which we don't have now.
>
>
>
>> It has been known for quite some time that the public verifiability piec=
e
>>> of CT introduces latency in
>>> certificate issuance. In order to allow for immediate certificate
>>> issuance, logs instead issue SCTs, which are
>>> just promises to incorporate the certificate into the log; effectively
>>> the SCT is a countersignature on the
>>> certificate. However, if an RP accepts a certificate + SCT, then it is
>>> vulnerable to collusion between a CA
>>> which issues a bogus cert and a log which issues a bogus SCT but never
>>> incorporates the cert into the log.
>>>
>>
>> So that is someting monitors should look at.
>>
>> We are unaware of any way to efficiently address this issue without
>>> introducing either privacy problems or
>>> latency. In order to validate inclusion in the log, the RP needs to
>>> validate that other entities (e.g., the
>>> software manufacturer) have the same view of the log. Either the RP
>>> downloads the whole log (which is
>>> inefficient), queries for the specific certificate in question (which
>>> has privacy problems) or retrieves a
>>> checkpoint which vouches for some batch of certificates (which
>>> introduces batch latency).
>>>
>>
>> So personally, I would like to know that ACME-style issued certificates
>> would start being accepted within a few minutes. At least for those
>> sites that did not have a certificate before. If we are talking about
>> renewing, then it should be able to properly submit new entries to log
>> before actually activating the new certs, so some latency wouldn't matte=
r.
>>
>
> As I noted in my little quantitative analysis, you can get the data
> structures down to a reasonable size with a ~8min issuance delay if you'r=
e
> willing to refactor the log structure.
>
> --Richard
>
>
>
>>
>> Am I missing something?
>>
>> Paul
>>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>
>

--001a113ecff451a4d105465e6881
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>I find this analysis very useful, though some of it s=
eems to be based on different security model than the one we currently use =
for CT (and as Paul pointed out, 6962 and 6962-bis are about =E2=80=9Cexpos=
ing rogue parties=E2=80=9D).</div><div><br></div><div>The analysis is corre=
ct on the difficulty of public verifiability when only SCTs are used, which=
 we=E2=80=99re addressing by <a href=3D"https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromiu=
m/issues/detail?id=3D506227">implementing the DNS-based protocol</a> (in pa=
rt to get data about its reliability). There=E2=80=99s academic work underw=
ay to get inclusion proofs, and report log misbehaviour, in a privacy-prese=
rving manner (I hope to be able to share a paper soon).=C2=A0</div><div><br=
></div><div>Ultimately I agree with Richard=E2=80=99s analysis and <a href=
=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/trans/current/msg02630.html">Andr=
ew Ayer=E2=80=99s comment</a>, that inclusion proofs (and the STHs they cha=
in to) should be embedded in the certificate, together with the SCT.</div><=
div>6962-bis <a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trans-rfc696=
2-bis-24#section-4.4">specifies the mechanism</a> to do it and UAs can requ=
ire it as a policy.</div><div><br></div><div>The claim that =E2=80=9CCT=E2=
=80=99s public verifiability mechanisms are too inefficient to be deployed =
at scale=E2=80=9D is based on the following operating assumptions for CT (m=
y understanding from an out-of-band chat with Richard):</div><div>- The goa=
l is to not require auditing after the fact but have all auditing informati=
on beforehand (stronger model).</div><div>- Logs issue STHs every 8 minutes=
.</div><div>- SCTs are augmented with inclusion proofs up to the STHs cover=
ing them.</div><div>- Clients download all STHs, check consistency and stor=
e them.</div><div>- When a certificate with SCT and inclusion proof is obse=
rved, it is rejected if it=E2=80=99s not chaining up to one of the STHs in =
the client=E2=80=99s storage. If it is, then the SCT=E2=80=99s signature an=
d inclusion proof are checked.</div><div><br></div><div>This variation of C=
T is supposed to provide security against log misbehaviour but is still dee=
med too expensive to deploy at the cost of 4MB/month of data for each clien=
t. However:</div><div>- This assumes CAs are happy to wait 8 minutes for ce=
rtificate issuance (issuance bandwidth is high, but that benefits only larg=
e-volume CAs).</div><div>- It effectively brings down the MMD to 8 minutes.=
</div><div>- What about clients that have been offline for a while and have=
 yet to catch up with recently-issued STHs? If SSL connections are blocked =
until a client catches up, that=E2=80=99s equivalent to on-line certificate=
 checks (OCSP).</div><div>- A clear-cached-load of Facebook clocks at 1.6MB=
, <a href=3D"http://slashdot.org">slashdot.org</a> 3.2MB, <a href=3D"http:/=
/bbc.co.uk">bbc.co.uk</a> 875KB, which should give some context for the 4MB=
/month cost (note not all clients have to participate; herd immunity means =
all clientns benefit even if only some audit logs).</div><div>- Equivocatio=
n may not be possible, but the threat of logs presenting split-views remain=
s (even if all clients start with a =E2=80=9Ctrusted=E2=80=9D STH) - a coll=
aborative way to compare the view logs present is still necessary (our <a h=
ref=3D"https://codereview.chromium.org/2017563002/">auditing implementation=
 in Chrome</a> does not require it as STHs are pushed daily to clients).</d=
iv><div><br></div><div>Exploration of different schemes for CT with stronge=
r guarantees should be independent of 6962-bis.</div><div>6962-bis allows u=
s to address some of the issues with 6962 (like enabling embedding of inclu=
sion proofs) and even trial variants (using the extensions mechanisms).</di=
v><div><br></div><div>Hearing a major UA vendor state that CAs should toler=
ate some latency during certificate issuance for the benefit of the ecosyst=
em is exciting news. We can do it with 6962-bis: newer CT log implementatio=
ns and the upcoming Trillian based implementation are capable of integratin=
g added chains into the tree within O(tens of seconds to minutes). Differen=
t, potentially simpler, systems can be built under that assumption (and I=
=E2=80=99ll let proper cryptographers suggest them :)).</div><div><br></div=
><div>Eran</div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_qu=
ote">On Tue, Jan 17, 2017 at 3:49 PM, Richard Barnes <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;=
<a href=3D"mailto:rlb@ipv.sx" target=3D"_blank">rlb@ipv.sx</a>&gt;</span> w=
rote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;borde=
r-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"=
gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><span class=3D"">On Tue, Jan 17=
, 2017 at 10:34 AM, Paul Wouters <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:pa=
ul@nohats.ca" target=3D"_blank">paul@nohats.ca</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><bl=
ockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #=
ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">On Mon, 16 Jan 2017, Richard Barnes wrote:<br>
<br>
Speaking as individual only...<span><br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
- It is not practical to build a publicly verifiable log system that incorp=
orates SCTs<br>
- The existing tools for public verifiability need to be made more efficien=
t in order to work on the scale<br>
envisioned<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
So I think there might be a different perception here of the goal of<br>
CT. I think you are looking at a 100% catch-before-it-happens<br>
scenario. While the document is only about &quot;exposing rogue parties&quo=
t;.<span><br></span></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>Those two goals=
 are not as different as you might think.=C2=A0 Either way, you need for th=
e client to detect equivocation.=C2=A0 You need the same data; it&#39;s jus=
t a question of when.<br></div><span class=3D""><div><br>=C2=A0</div><block=
quote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc=
 solid;padding-left:1ex"><span>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
Fundamentally, CT is a public ledger system: every certificate is supposed =
to be entered into a log and RPs<br>
only accept certificates which are logged. In order for this to work proper=
ly, RPs need to be able to verify<br>
that there is public consensus about the state of the log. Otherwise, logs =
can =E2=80=9Cequivocate=E2=80=9D: represent to the<br>
RP that a given certificate was published when it in fact was not. Unfortun=
ately, in practice RPs are not<br>
doing this verification (for reasons discussed below), and so CT reduces to=
 a countersignature scheme in which<br>
the RP trusts the log not to equivocate. There are two primary challenges h=
ere, as detailed below.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
The monitors are supposed to use multiple logs, presumably not all of<br>
which are colluding. So a rogue log would be found out and lose its<br>
trust? Maybe not in time for this one client visiting this one website,<br>
but that was never the expected goal of CT.<span><br></span></blockquote><d=
iv><br></div></span><div>I think you mean &quot;RPs&quot; where you say &qu=
ot;monitors&quot;, right?<br><br></div><div>Even in this scenario, in order=
 for the rogue log to be found out, you still need a system for detecting e=
quivocation, which we don&#39;t have now. <br><br></div><span class=3D""><d=
iv>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex=
;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
It has been known for quite some time that the public verifiability piece o=
f CT introduces latency in<br>
certificate issuance. In order to allow for immediate certificate issuance,=
 logs instead issue SCTs, which are<br>
just promises to incorporate the certificate into the log; effectively the =
SCT is a countersignature on the<br>
certificate. However, if an RP accepts a certificate + SCT, then it is vuln=
erable to collusion between a CA<br>
which issues a bogus cert and a log which issues a bogus SCT but never inco=
rporates the cert into the log.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
So that is someting monitors should look at.<span><br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
We are unaware of any way to efficiently address this issue without introdu=
cing either privacy problems or<br>
latency. In order to validate inclusion in the log, the RP needs to validat=
e that other entities (e.g., the<br>
software manufacturer) have the same view of the log. Either the RP downloa=
ds the whole log (which is<br>
inefficient), queries for the specific certificate in question (which has p=
rivacy problems) or retrieves a<br>
checkpoint which vouches for some batch of certificates (which introduces b=
atch latency).<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
So personally, I would like to know that ACME-style issued certificates<br>
would start being accepted within a few minutes. At least for those<br>
sites that did not have a certificate before. If we are talking about<br>
renewing, then it should be able to properly submit new entries to log<br>
before actually activating the new certs, so some latency wouldn&#39;t matt=
er.<br></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>As I noted in my little quan=
titative analysis, you can get the data structures down to a reasonable siz=
e with a ~8min issuance delay if you&#39;re willing to refactor the log str=
ucture.<span class=3D"HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"><br><br></font></span=
></div><span class=3D"HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"><div>--Richard<br></d=
iv></font></span><span class=3D""><div><br>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D=
"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding=
-left:1ex">
<br>
Am I missing something?<span class=3D"m_1552302340230951437HOEnZb"><font co=
lor=3D"#888888"><br>
<br>
Paul<br>
</font></span></blockquote></span></div><br></div></div>
<br>______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
Trans mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Trans@ietf.org">Trans@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans" rel=3D"noreferrer" =
target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/<wbr>listinfo/trans</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br></div>

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From: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>
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On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 8:29 AM, Eran Messeri <eranm@google.com> wrote:

> I find this analysis very useful, though some of it seems to be based on
> different security model than the one we currently use for CT (and as Pau=
l
> pointed out, 6962 and 6962-bis are about =E2=80=9Cexposing rogue parties=
=E2=80=9D).
>

Let me again bust this myth that 6962 / 6962-bis do anything to expose
rogue logs.  Without some sort of consistency checking mechanism, logs can
lie without any risk of discovery.  That is true of CT as deployed today.
There is no way to detect a rogue log.

And a consistency checking mechanism only creates risk to rogue logs to the
degree that it is deployed and used.  If only 5% of SCTs ever get checked
for consistency, then a rogue log has a 95% chance of getting away with any
particular lie.  So we really need consistency checking at scale.



> The analysis is correct on the difficulty of public verifiability when
> only SCTs are used, which we=E2=80=99re addressing by implementing the DN=
S-based
> protocol <https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=3D506227>
> (in part to get data about its reliability). There=E2=80=99s academic wor=
k underway
> to get inclusion proofs, and report log misbehaviour, in a
> privacy-preserving manner (I hope to be able to share a paper soon).
>
> Ultimately I agree with Richard=E2=80=99s analysis and Andrew Ayer=E2=80=
=99s comment
> <https://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/trans/current/msg02630.html>, that
> inclusion proofs (and the STHs they chain to) should be embedded in the
> certificate, together with the SCT.
> 6962-bis specifies the mechanism
> <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trans-rfc6962-bis-24#section-4.4>
> to do it and UAs can require it as a policy.
>

... and I definitely agree that 6962-bis is an improvement over 6962 in
this regard!


>
> The claim that =E2=80=9CCT=E2=80=99s public verifiability mechanisms are =
too inefficient
> to be deployed at scale=E2=80=9D is based on the following operating assu=
mptions
> for CT (my understanding from an out-of-band chat with Richard):
> - The goal is to not require auditing after the fact but have all auditin=
g
> information beforehand (stronger model).
> - Logs issue STHs every 8 minutes.
> - SCTs are augmented with inclusion proofs up to the STHs covering them.
> - Clients download all STHs, check consistency and store them.
> - When a certificate with SCT and inclusion proof is observed, it is
> rejected if it=E2=80=99s not chaining up to one of the STHs in the client=
=E2=80=99s
> storage. If it is, then the SCT=E2=80=99s signature and inclusion proof a=
re checked.
>
> This variation of CT is supposed to provide security against log
> misbehaviour but is still deemed too expensive to deploy at the cost of
> 4MB/month of data for each client. However:
> - This assumes CAs are happy to wait 8 minutes for certificate issuance
> (issuance bandwidth is high, but that benefits only large-volume CAs).
> - It effectively brings down the MMD to 8 minutes.
> - What about clients that have been offline for a while and have yet to
> catch up with recently-issued STHs? If SSL connections are blocked until =
a
> client catches up, that=E2=80=99s equivalent to on-line certificate check=
s (OCSP).
> - A clear-cached-load of Facebook clocks at 1.6MB, slashdot.org 3.2MB,
> bbc.co.uk 875KB, which should give some context for the 4MB/month cost
> (note not all clients have to participate; herd immunity means all client=
ns
> benefit even if only some audit logs).
> - Equivocation may not be possible, but the threat of logs presenting
> split-views remains (even if all clients start with a =E2=80=9Ctrusted=E2=
=80=9D STH) - a
> collaborative way to compare the view logs present is still necessary (ou=
r auditing
> implementation in Chrome <https://codereview.chromium.org/2017563002/>
> does not require it as STHs are pushed daily to clients).
>
> Exploration of different schemes for CT with stronger guarantees should b=
e
> independent of 6962-bis.
>

The problem here is that the document is not clear about what guarantees it
provides, and where it tries to explain clearly it assumes a mechanism for
auditing SCTs exists.  For example:

"""
   If a server
   presents a valid signed timestamp for a certificate, then the client
   knows that a log has committed to publishing the certificate.  From
   this, the client knows that monitors acting for the subject of the
   certificate have had some time to notice the misissue and take some
   action, such as asking a CA to revoke a misissued certificate, or
   that the log has misbehaved, which will be discovered when the SCT is
   audited.
"""

The problem here is that there is no effective mechanism for auditing SCTs
right now.  The DNS thing you mention might work, though it seems to me to
have really poor scaling properties (and it is completely unimplementable
in Firefox, for software reasons).  Or the log refactoring I'm proposing
might work.  But we're clearly pretty far from consensus here.

So either we need to block this document on the creation of some auditing
mechanism that we all feel comfortable with, or we need to put some clear
warning labels on this thing in terms of the guarantees it provides, and in
particular, its vulnerability to rogue logs.



> 6962-bis allows us to address some of the issues with 6962 (like enabling
> embedding of inclusion proofs) and even trial variants (using the
> extensions mechanisms).
>
> Hearing a major UA vendor state that CAs should tolerate some latency
> during certificate issuance for the benefit of the ecosystem is exciting
> news. We can do it with 6962-bis
>

Indeed, it sounds like we've got some consensus here at least on the
browser side of things that CAs and servers should be moving from SCTs
towards inclusion proofs.  I think there are a couple of straightforward
things we could add to the document to facilitate that transition:

* Adding an explicit lifetime to SCTs and a recommendation that RPs impose
a maximum lifetime on SCTs on the order of the STH issuance frequency of
the log
* Adding a recommendation that RPs require signatures from multiple logs

Those changes would bound the risk from SCTs in the short run, and give us
a tool to phase out SCTs in the long run (in favor of inclusion proofs).



> : newer CT log implementations and the upcoming Trillian based
> implementation are capable of integrating added chains into the tree with=
in
> O(tens of seconds to minutes).
>

I would be interested to know what about the operation of adding to the
tree causes this degree of latency.  To be honest, it seems pretty extreme,
given the rates at which CAs are capable of operating these days.

In particular, I wonder if this is another example of the pain we have pain
we have undertaken by having a single global Merkle tree instead of some
more flexible structure.

--Richard





> Different, potentially simpler, systems can be built under that assumptio=
n
> (and I=E2=80=99ll let proper cryptographers suggest them :)).
>
> Eran
>
> On Tue, Jan 17, 2017 at 3:49 PM, Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx> wrote:
>
>>
>>
>> On Tue, Jan 17, 2017 at 10:34 AM, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:
>>
>>> On Mon, 16 Jan 2017, Richard Barnes wrote:
>>>
>>> Speaking as individual only...
>>>
>>> - It is not practical to build a publicly verifiable log system that
>>>> incorporates SCTs
>>>> - The existing tools for public verifiability need to be made more
>>>> efficient in order to work on the scale
>>>> envisioned
>>>>
>>>
>>> So I think there might be a different perception here of the goal of
>>> CT. I think you are looking at a 100% catch-before-it-happens
>>> scenario. While the document is only about "exposing rogue parties".
>>>
>>
>> Those two goals are not as different as you might think.  Either way, yo=
u
>> need for the client to detect equivocation.  You need the same data; it'=
s
>> just a question of when.
>>
>>
>>
>>> Fundamentally, CT is a public ledger system: every certificate is
>>>> supposed to be entered into a log and RPs
>>>> only accept certificates which are logged. In order for this to work
>>>> properly, RPs need to be able to verify
>>>> that there is public consensus about the state of the log. Otherwise,
>>>> logs can =E2=80=9Cequivocate=E2=80=9D: represent to the
>>>> RP that a given certificate was published when it in fact was not.
>>>> Unfortunately, in practice RPs are not
>>>> doing this verification (for reasons discussed below), and so CT
>>>> reduces to a countersignature scheme in which
>>>> the RP trusts the log not to equivocate. There are two primary
>>>> challenges here, as detailed below.
>>>>
>>>
>>> The monitors are supposed to use multiple logs, presumably not all of
>>> which are colluding. So a rogue log would be found out and lose its
>>> trust? Maybe not in time for this one client visiting this one website,
>>> but that was never the expected goal of CT.
>>>
>>
>> I think you mean "RPs" where you say "monitors", right?
>>
>> Even in this scenario, in order for the rogue log to be found out, you
>> still need a system for detecting equivocation, which we don't have now.
>>
>>
>>
>>> It has been known for quite some time that the public verifiability
>>>> piece of CT introduces latency in
>>>> certificate issuance. In order to allow for immediate certificate
>>>> issuance, logs instead issue SCTs, which are
>>>> just promises to incorporate the certificate into the log; effectively
>>>> the SCT is a countersignature on the
>>>> certificate. However, if an RP accepts a certificate + SCT, then it is
>>>> vulnerable to collusion between a CA
>>>> which issues a bogus cert and a log which issues a bogus SCT but never
>>>> incorporates the cert into the log.
>>>>
>>>
>>> So that is someting monitors should look at.
>>>
>>> We are unaware of any way to efficiently address this issue without
>>>> introducing either privacy problems or
>>>> latency. In order to validate inclusion in the log, the RP needs to
>>>> validate that other entities (e.g., the
>>>> software manufacturer) have the same view of the log. Either the RP
>>>> downloads the whole log (which is
>>>> inefficient), queries for the specific certificate in question (which
>>>> has privacy problems) or retrieves a
>>>> checkpoint which vouches for some batch of certificates (which
>>>> introduces batch latency).
>>>>
>>>
>>> So personally, I would like to know that ACME-style issued certificates
>>> would start being accepted within a few minutes. At least for those
>>> sites that did not have a certificate before. If we are talking about
>>> renewing, then it should be able to properly submit new entries to log
>>> before actually activating the new certs, so some latency wouldn't
>>> matter.
>>>
>>
>> As I noted in my little quantitative analysis, you can get the data
>> structures down to a reasonable size with a ~8min issuance delay if you'=
re
>> willing to refactor the log structure.
>>
>> --Richard
>>
>>
>>
>>>
>>> Am I missing something?
>>>
>>> Paul
>>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Trans mailing list
>> Trans@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>>
>>
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quo=
te">On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 8:29 AM, Eran Messeri <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:eranm@google.com" target=3D"_blank">eranm@google.com</a>&gt;=
</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px=
 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div di=
r=3D"ltr"><div>I find this analysis very useful, though some of it seems to=
 be based on different security model than the one we currently use for CT =
(and as Paul pointed out, 6962 and 6962-bis are about =E2=80=9Cexposing rog=
ue parties=E2=80=9D).</div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Let me ag=
ain bust this myth that 6962 / 6962-bis do anything to expose rogue logs.=
=C2=A0 Without some sort of consistency checking mechanism, logs can lie wi=
thout any risk of discovery.=C2=A0 That is true of CT as deployed today.=C2=
=A0 There is no way to detect a rogue log.<br><br>And a consistency checkin=
g mechanism only creates risk to rogue logs to the degree that it is deploy=
ed and used.=C2=A0 If only 5% of SCTs ever get checked for consistency, the=
n a rogue log has a 95% chance of getting away with any particular lie.=C2=
=A0 So we really need consistency checking at scale.<br><br></div><div>=C2=
=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8e=
x;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr"=
><div>The analysis is correct on the difficulty of public verifiability whe=
n only SCTs are used, which we=E2=80=99re addressing by <a href=3D"https://=
bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=3D506227" target=3D"_blank">i=
mplementing the DNS-based protocol</a> (in part to get data about its relia=
bility). There=E2=80=99s academic work underway to get inclusion proofs, an=
d report log misbehaviour, in a privacy-preserving manner (I hope to be abl=
e to share a paper soon).=C2=A0</div><div><br></div><div>Ultimately I agree=
 with Richard=E2=80=99s analysis and <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mail-a=
rchive/web/trans/current/msg02630.html" target=3D"_blank">Andrew Ayer=E2=80=
=99s comment</a>, that inclusion proofs (and the STHs they chain to) should=
 be embedded in the certificate, together with the SCT.</div><div>6962-bis =
<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trans-rfc6962-bis-24#sect=
ion-4.4" target=3D"_blank">specifies the mechanism</a> to do it and UAs can=
 require it as a policy.</div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>... an=
d I definitely agree that 6962-bis is an improvement over 6962 in this rega=
rd!<br></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"ma=
rgin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:=
1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><br></div><div>The claim that =E2=80=9CCT=E2=80=
=99s public verifiability mechanisms are too inefficient to be deployed at =
scale=E2=80=9D is based on the following operating assumptions for CT (my u=
nderstanding from an out-of-band chat with Richard):</div><div>- The goal i=
s to not require auditing after the fact but have all auditing information =
beforehand (stronger model).</div><div>- Logs issue STHs every 8 minutes.</=
div><div>- SCTs are augmented with inclusion proofs up to the STHs covering=
 them.</div><div>- Clients download all STHs, check consistency and store t=
hem.</div><div>- When a certificate with SCT and inclusion proof is observe=
d, it is rejected if it=E2=80=99s not chaining up to one of the STHs in the=
 client=E2=80=99s storage. If it is, then the SCT=E2=80=99s signature and i=
nclusion proof are checked.</div><div><br></div><div>This variation of CT i=
s supposed to provide security against log misbehaviour but is still deemed=
 too expensive to deploy at the cost of 4MB/month of data for each client. =
However:</div><div>- This assumes CAs are happy to wait 8 minutes for certi=
ficate issuance (issuance bandwidth is high, but that benefits only large-v=
olume CAs).</div><div>- It effectively brings down the MMD to 8 minutes.</d=
iv><div>- What about clients that have been offline for a while and have ye=
t to catch up with recently-issued STHs? If SSL connections are blocked unt=
il a client catches up, that=E2=80=99s equivalent to on-line certificate ch=
ecks (OCSP).</div><div>- A clear-cached-load of Facebook clocks at 1.6MB, <=
a href=3D"http://slashdot.org" target=3D"_blank">slashdot.org</a> 3.2MB, <a=
 href=3D"http://bbc.co.uk" target=3D"_blank">bbc.co.uk</a> 875KB, which sho=
uld give some context for the 4MB/month cost (note not all clients have to =
participate; herd immunity means all clientns benefit even if only some aud=
it logs).</div><div>- Equivocation may not be possible, but the threat of l=
ogs presenting split-views remains (even if all clients start with a =E2=80=
=9Ctrusted=E2=80=9D STH) - a collaborative way to compare the view logs pre=
sent is still necessary (our <a href=3D"https://codereview.chromium.org/201=
7563002/" target=3D"_blank">auditing implementation in Chrome</a> does not =
require it as STHs are pushed daily to clients).</div><div><br></div><div>E=
xploration of different schemes for CT with stronger guarantees should be i=
ndependent of 6962-bis.</div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>The pro=
blem here is that the document is not clear about what guarantees it provid=
es, and where it tries to explain clearly it assumes a mechanism for auditi=
ng SCTs exists.=C2=A0 For example:<br><br>&quot;&quot;&quot;<br>=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 If a server<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 presents a valid signed timestamp for a cer=
tificate, then the client<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 knows that a log has committed to=
 publishing the certificate.=C2=A0 From<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 this, the client kn=
ows that monitors acting for the subject of the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 certificate=
 have had some time to notice the misissue and take some<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 ac=
tion, such as asking a CA to revoke a misissued certificate, or<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 that the log has misbehaved, which will be discovered when the SCT i=
s<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 audited.=C2=A0 <br>&quot;&quot;&quot;<br><br></div><div>T=
he problem here is that there is no effective mechanism for auditing SCTs r=
ight now.=C2=A0 The DNS thing you mention might work, though it seems to me=
 to have really poor scaling properties (and it is completely unimplementab=
le in Firefox, for software reasons).=C2=A0 Or the log refactoring I&#39;m =
proposing might work.=C2=A0 But we&#39;re clearly pretty far from consensus=
 here.<br><br>So either we need to block this document on the creation of s=
ome auditing mechanism that we all feel comfortable with, or we need to put=
 some clear warning labels on this thing in terms of the guarantees it prov=
ides, and in particular, its vulnerability to rogue logs.<br></div><div><br=
>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px =
0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"=
ltr"><div>6962-bis allows us to address some of the issues with 6962 (like =
enabling embedding of inclusion proofs) and even trial variants (using the =
extensions mechanisms).</div><div><br></div><div>Hearing a major UA vendor =
state that CAs should tolerate some latency during certificate issuance for=
 the benefit of the ecosystem is exciting news. We can do it with 6962-bis<=
/div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Indeed, it sounds like we&#39;v=
e got some consensus here at least on the browser side of things that CAs a=
nd servers should be moving from SCTs towards inclusion proofs.=C2=A0 I thi=
nk there are a couple of straightforward things we could add to the documen=
t to facilitate that transition:<br><br>* Adding an explicit lifetime to SC=
Ts and a recommendation that RPs impose a maximum lifetime on SCTs on the o=
rder of the STH issuance frequency of the log<br>* Adding a recommendation =
that RPs require signatures from multiple logs<br><br></div><div>Those chan=
ges would bound the risk from SCTs in the short run, and give us a tool to =
phase out SCTs in the long run (in favor of inclusion proofs). <br></div><d=
iv><br></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"ma=
rgin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:=
1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div>: newer CT log implementations and the upcoming =
Trillian based implementation are capable of integrating added chains into =
the tree within O(tens of seconds to minutes). </div></div></blockquote><di=
v><br></div><div>I would be interested to know what about the operation of =
adding to the tree causes this degree of latency.=C2=A0 To be honest, it se=
ems pretty extreme, given the rates at which CAs are capable of operating t=
hese days.<br><br></div><div>In particular, I wonder if this is another exa=
mple of the pain we have pain we have undertaken by having a single global =
Merkle tree instead of some more flexible structure.<br><br></div><div>--Ri=
chard<br></div><div><br><br><br></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D=
"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(2=
04,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div>Different, potentially =
simpler, systems can be built under that assumption (and I=E2=80=99ll let p=
roper cryptographers suggest them :)).</div><div><br></div><div>Eran</div><=
/div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div><div cl=
ass=3D"gmail-h5">On Tue, Jan 17, 2017 at 3:49 PM, Richard Barnes <span dir=
=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:rlb@ipv.sx" target=3D"_blank">rlb@ipv.sx</a>=
&gt;</span> wrote:<br></div></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=
=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding=
-left:1ex"><div><div class=3D"gmail-h5"><div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"=
gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><span>On Tue, Jan 17, 2017 at 1=
0:34 AM, Paul Wouters <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:paul@nohats.c=
a" target=3D"_blank">paul@nohats.ca</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote cl=
ass=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid=
 rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">On Mon, 16 Jan 2017, Richard Barnes wro=
te:<br>
<br>
Speaking as individual only...<span><br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-=
left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
- It is not practical to build a publicly verifiable log system that incorp=
orates SCTs<br>
- The existing tools for public verifiability need to be made more efficien=
t in order to work on the scale<br>
envisioned<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
So I think there might be a different perception here of the goal of<br>
CT. I think you are looking at a 100% catch-before-it-happens<br>
scenario. While the document is only about &quot;exposing rogue parties&quo=
t;.<span><br></span></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>Those two goals=
 are not as different as you might think.=C2=A0 Either way, you need for th=
e client to detect equivocation.=C2=A0 You need the same data; it&#39;s jus=
t a question of when.<br></div><span><div><br>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=
=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rg=
b(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><span>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-=
left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
Fundamentally, CT is a public ledger system: every certificate is supposed =
to be entered into a log and RPs<br>
only accept certificates which are logged. In order for this to work proper=
ly, RPs need to be able to verify<br>
that there is public consensus about the state of the log. Otherwise, logs =
can =E2=80=9Cequivocate=E2=80=9D: represent to the<br>
RP that a given certificate was published when it in fact was not. Unfortun=
ately, in practice RPs are not<br>
doing this verification (for reasons discussed below), and so CT reduces to=
 a countersignature scheme in which<br>
the RP trusts the log not to equivocate. There are two primary challenges h=
ere, as detailed below.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
The monitors are supposed to use multiple logs, presumably not all of<br>
which are colluding. So a rogue log would be found out and lose its<br>
trust? Maybe not in time for this one client visiting this one website,<br>
but that was never the expected goal of CT.<span><br></span></blockquote><d=
iv><br></div></span><div>I think you mean &quot;RPs&quot; where you say &qu=
ot;monitors&quot;, right?<br><br></div><div>Even in this scenario, in order=
 for the rogue log to be found out, you still need a system for detecting e=
quivocation, which we don&#39;t have now. <br><br></div><span><div>=C2=A0</=
div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;bor=
der-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><span>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-=
left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
It has been known for quite some time that the public verifiability piece o=
f CT introduces latency in<br>
certificate issuance. In order to allow for immediate certificate issuance,=
 logs instead issue SCTs, which are<br>
just promises to incorporate the certificate into the log; effectively the =
SCT is a countersignature on the<br>
certificate. However, if an RP accepts a certificate + SCT, then it is vuln=
erable to collusion between a CA<br>
which issues a bogus cert and a log which issues a bogus SCT but never inco=
rporates the cert into the log.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
So that is someting monitors should look at.<span><br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-=
left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
We are unaware of any way to efficiently address this issue without introdu=
cing either privacy problems or<br>
latency. In order to validate inclusion in the log, the RP needs to validat=
e that other entities (e.g., the<br>
software manufacturer) have the same view of the log. Either the RP downloa=
ds the whole log (which is<br>
inefficient), queries for the specific certificate in question (which has p=
rivacy problems) or retrieves a<br>
checkpoint which vouches for some batch of certificates (which introduces b=
atch latency).<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
So personally, I would like to know that ACME-style issued certificates<br>
would start being accepted within a few minutes. At least for those<br>
sites that did not have a certificate before. If we are talking about<br>
renewing, then it should be able to properly submit new entries to log<br>
before actually activating the new certs, so some latency wouldn&#39;t matt=
er.<br></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>As I noted in my little quan=
titative analysis, you can get the data structures down to a reasonable siz=
e with a ~8min issuance delay if you&#39;re willing to refactor the log str=
ucture.<span class=3D"gmail-m_-3934287469333973928HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#8=
88888"><br><br></font></span></div><span class=3D"gmail-m_-3934287469333973=
928HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"><div>--Richard<br></div></font></span><s=
pan><div><br>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:=
0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<br>
Am I missing something?<span class=3D"gmail-m_-3934287469333973928m_1552302=
340230951437HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"><br>
<br>
Paul<br>
</font></span></blockquote></span></div><br></div></div>
<br></div></div>______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
Trans mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Trans@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">Trans@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans" rel=3D"noreferrer" =
target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/trans</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br></div>
</blockquote></div><br></div></div>

--001a1148d93a2a00e505465fdae8--


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Date: Wed, 18 Jan 2017 10:51:47 -0500 (EST)
From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
To: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>
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Subject: Re: [Trans] WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24
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On Wed, 18 Jan 2017, Richard Barnes wrote:

> Let me again bust this myth that 6962 / 6962-bis do anything to expose rogue logs.  Without some sort of
> consistency checking mechanism, logs can lie without any risk of discovery.  That is true of CT as deployed
> today.  There is no way to detect a rogue log.

6962bis defines a method of logging.

If you want to use that logging to discover bad parties, you need to use
that logging. For example:

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-trans-gossip/

Also, a description of a Monitor to perform those functions was started here:

https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-kent-trans-monitor-auditor/

> The problem here is that the document is not clear about what guarantees it provides, and where it tries to
> explain clearly it assumes a mechanism for auditing SCTs exists.  For example:

That got spun of into a separate document:

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trans-threat-analysis/

> So either we need to block this document on the creation of some auditing mechanism that we all feel
> comfortable with, or we need to put some clear warning labels on this thing in terms of the guarantees it
> provides, and in particular, its vulnerability to rogue logs.

<chair hat on>

It was decided a long time ago not to block the 6962bis document for
these other documents. Do you believe that something in the formats of
6962bis MUST be changed to accomodate its use?

We had hoped that the threat document would have been ready by the
time 6962bis went into LC. While it is close, there seems to be an
unfortunate stalemate with a few people to move this document forward
bundled with 6962bis.

If you wish to offer some text for 6962bis that would satisfy you,
that might be useful for the WG to make a decision on.

<chair hat off>

> In particular, I wonder if this is another example of the pain we have pain we have undertaken by having a
> single global Merkle tree instead of some more flexible structure.

Something like TLSA records? :)

Paul


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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
To: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>, Eran Messeri <eranm@google.com>
Thread-Topic: [Trans] WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24
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Subject: Re: [Trans] WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24
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--001a113e930c7ba5aa054663d452
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On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 8:08 AM, Salz, Rich <rsalz@akamai.com> wrote:

> > Let me again bust this myth that 6962 / 6962-bis do anything to expose
> rogue logs.  Without some sort of consistency checking mechanism, logs can
> lie without any risk of discovery.  That is true of CT as deployed today.
> There is no way to detect a rogue log.
>
> It's necessary, but not sufficient.  Just like TCP is necessary but not
> sufficient to enable the Web. ...
>
> One can compare three logs and if they differ you know who and where the
> rogue is, right?
>

Hmm.... Not unless all logs are required to have every certificate (at
least within a given scope).
Otherwise, the fact that a certificate is in log A but not log B doesn't
tell you anything about log B.

However, if all you're doing is comparing logs for consistency about a
given certificate, then you
can dispense with the entire Merkle tree structure and just have the logs
countersign certificates
they have seen.

-Ekr

--001a113e930c7ba5aa054663d452
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quo=
te">On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 8:08 AM, Salz, Rich <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a hr=
ef=3D"mailto:rsalz@akamai.com" target=3D"_blank">rsalz@akamai.com</a>&gt;</=
span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8e=
x;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class=3D"">&gt; Let me=
 again bust this myth that 6962 / 6962-bis do anything to expose rogue logs=
.=C2=A0 Without some sort of consistency checking mechanism, logs can lie w=
ithout any risk of discovery.=C2=A0 That is true of CT as deployed today.=
=C2=A0 There is no way to detect a rogue log.<br>
<br>
</span>It&#39;s necessary, but not sufficient.=C2=A0 Just like TCP is neces=
sary but not sufficient to enable the Web. ...<br>
<br>
One can compare three logs and if they differ you know who and where the ro=
gue is, right?<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Hmm.... Not unless all l=
ogs are required to have every certificate (at least within a given scope).=
</div><div>Otherwise, the fact that a certificate is in log A but not log B=
 doesn&#39;t tell you anything about log B.</div><div><br></div><div>Howeve=
r, if all you&#39;re doing is comparing logs for consistency about a given =
certificate, then you</div><div>can dispense with the entire Merkle tree st=
ructure and just have the logs countersign certificates</div><div>they have=
 seen.</div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr</div><div><br></div></div><br></div></=
div>

--001a113e930c7ba5aa054663d452--


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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Thread-Topic: [Trans] WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Jan 2017 12:14:30 -0800
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To: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
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Subject: Re: [Trans] WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24
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--001a113e930ce6aa56054664121f
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On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 12:00 PM, Salz, Rich <rsalz@akamai.com> wrote:

> > One can compare three logs and if they differ you know who and where the
> rogue is, right?
>
> > Hmm.... Not unless all logs are required to have every certificate (at
> least within a given scope).
> > Otherwise, the fact that a certificate is in log A but not log B doesn't
> tell you anything about log B.
>
> So far the Chrome policies requires two or more, and the draft Moz policy
> is three or more IIRC.
>
> So for a given CA, a disagreement identifies that *one* of the logs is
> wrong, right?
>

It's quite sensitive to what the precise requirement is. So consider a
requirement
that site provide an SCT from N logs out of a set of M. Without loss of
generality,
the site gets SCTs from L_1, L_2, ... L_N but not L_N+1, ... L_M. The fact
that
the site's cert appears in L_1 but not L_M is normal and doesn't tell you
that
either one of them is wrong. (This is just the basic non-adversarial case).

Now, consider the adversarial case, where an attacker as corrupted a CA and
N logs out of M. Similarly, they will get N SCTs from those corrupt logs
(which
might not be the ones that the actual legitimate site used for their SCTs,
but the
client doesn't know that [0]. And again, the lack of an SCT from the
non-corrupt
log doesn't tell you anything.

Now, in the special case where N==M, then inconsistencies are meaningful,
and this is the case with Chrome's "one of the logs must be Google" policy,
but
as far as I can tell that's not something that's true in the general case.

-Ekr

[0] Modulo some sort of log pinning.

--001a113e930ce6aa56054664121f
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quo=
te">On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 12:00 PM, Salz, Rich <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a h=
ref=3D"mailto:rsalz@akamai.com" target=3D"_blank">rsalz@akamai.com</a>&gt;<=
/span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8=
ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class=3D"">&gt; One c=
an compare three logs and if they differ you know who and where the rogue i=
s, right?<br>
<br>
&gt; Hmm.... Not unless all logs are required to have every certificate (at=
 least within a given scope).<br>
&gt; Otherwise, the fact that a certificate is in log A but not log B doesn=
&#39;t tell you anything about log B.<br>
<br>
</span>So far the Chrome policies requires two or more, and the draft Moz p=
olicy is three or more IIRC.<br>
<br>
So for a given CA, a disagreement identifies that *one* of the logs is wron=
g, right?<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>It&#39;s quite sensitive to w=
hat the precise requirement is. So consider a requirement</div><div>that si=
te provide an SCT from N logs out of a set of M. Without loss of generality=
,</div><div>the site gets SCTs from L_1, L_2, ... L_N but not L_N+1, ... L_=
M. The fact that</div><div>the site&#39;s cert appears in L_1 but not L_M i=
s normal and doesn&#39;t tell you that</div><div>either one of them is wron=
g. (This is just the basic non-adversarial case).</div><div><br></div><div>=
Now, consider the adversarial case, where an attacker as corrupted a CA and=
</div><div>N logs out of M. Similarly, they will get N SCTs from those corr=
upt logs (which</div><div>might not be the ones that the actual legitimate =
site used for their SCTs, but the</div><div>client doesn&#39;t know that [0=
]. And again, the lack of an SCT from the non-corrupt</div><div>log doesn&#=
39;t tell you anything.</div><div><br></div><div>Now, in the special case w=
here N=3D=3DM, then inconsistencies are meaningful,</div><div>and this is t=
he case with Chrome&#39;s &quot;one of the logs must be Google&quot; policy=
, but</div><div>as far as I can tell that&#39;s not something that&#39;s tr=
ue in the general case.</div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr</div><div><br></div><=
div>[0] Modulo some sort of log pinning.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div=
><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><br></div></div>

--001a113e930ce6aa56054664121f--


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From: Ben Laurie <benl@google.com>
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Subject: Re: [Trans] Minimum SCT age (was Re: WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24)
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On 18 January 2017 at 00:32, Bill Frantz <frantz@pwpconsult.com> wrote:
> On 1/17/17 at 9:16 AM, rob.stradling@comodo.com (Rob Stradling) wrote:
>
>> On 17/01/17 17:07, Tom Ritter wrote:
>
> <snip>
>>
>>
>>> It also assumes the client has a clock that is correct to the order of
>>> a few days...
>>
>>
>> True.  Is it, or might it soon be, reasonable to make that assumption?
>>
>> e.g., https://roughtime.googlesource.com/roughtime sounds promising, I
>> think.
>>
>
> Machines such as the Raspberry PI and the Beaglebone do not have clock
> chips, although it is easy to add an external real time clock board. They
> can set their clocks from NTP if they have internet access, which is
> more-or-less needed to run a browser, unless running on private network. I
> can see scenerios where they can have a very badly off clock though.

So, machines in that position should not try to enjoy the full protection of CT.

>
> Cheers - Bill
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Bill Frantz        | Re: Computer reliability, performance, and security:
> 408-356-8506       | The guy who *is* wearing a parachute is *not* the
> www.pwpconsult.com | first to reach the ground.  - Terence Kelly
>
>
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From: Ben Laurie <benl@google.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Jan 2017 18:13:41 +0000
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Cc: "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>, Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>, Bill Frantz <frantz@pwpconsult.com>
Subject: Re: [Trans] Minimum SCT age (was Re: WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24)
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On 18 January 2017 at 12:43, Rob Stradling <rob.stradling@comodo.com> wrote:
> On 18/01/17 00:32, Bill Frantz wrote:
>>
>> On 1/17/17 at 9:16 AM, rob.stradling@comodo.com (Rob Stradling) wrote:
>>
>>> On 17/01/17 17:07, Tom Ritter wrote:
>>
>> <snip>
>>>
>>>
>>>> It also assumes the client has a clock that is correct to the order of
>>>> a few days...
>>>
>>>
>>> True.  Is it, or might it soon be, reasonable to make that assumption?
>>>
>>> e.g., https://roughtime.googlesource.com/roughtime sounds promising, I
>>> think.
>>
>>
>> Machines such as the Raspberry PI and the Beaglebone do not have clock
>> chips, although it is easy to add an external real time clock board.
>> They can set their clocks from NTP if they have internet access, which
>> is more-or-less needed to run a browser, unless running on private
>> network. I can see scenerios where they can have a very badly off clock
>> though.
>
>
> Is it (or might it soon be) reasonable to expect a TLS client to know
> whether or not it has a reliable time source?  If so, then TLS clients could
> just ignore "minimum SCT ages" when they're insufficiently confident of when
> "now" is.

Exactly.

> As a way of dealing with clocks that are far behind, perhaps TLS clients
> that implement CT could treat any observed SCT timestamp (that corresponds
> to any observed cert) and any observed STH timestamp as trustworthy evidence
> that these timestamps are in the past rather than in the future.  (If
> multiple SCTs/STHs from multiple logs all agree that time X is in the past,
> then the TLS client can have even greater confidence that this is indeed
> so).
>
> --
> Rob Stradling
> Senior Research & Development Scientist
> COMODO - Creating Trust Online
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans


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From: Ben Laurie <benl@google.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Jan 2017 14:23:27 +0000
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Subject: Re: [Trans] WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24
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On 18 January 2017 at 15:12, Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx> wrote:
> Let me again bust this myth that 6962 / 6962-bis do anything to expose rogue
> logs.  Without some sort of consistency checking mechanism, logs can lie
> without any risk of discovery.  That is true of CT as deployed today.  There
> is no way to detect a rogue log.
>
> And a consistency checking mechanism only creates risk to rogue logs to the
> degree that it is deployed and used.  If only 5% of SCTs ever get checked
> for consistency, then a rogue log has a 95% chance of getting away with any
> particular lie.  So we really need consistency checking at scale.

I have two problems with this statement:

1. A 95% chance of getting away with a particular lie rapidly erodes
to effectively no chance of getting away with multiple lies (for
example, getting away with 100 lies is about .5% chance).

2. To get coverage better than 5% surely only requires a tiny fraction
of all browsers (which vastly outnumber certificates), not "at scale".

I do not disagree that it is necessary to do consistency checking, however.


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From: Tom Ritter <tom@ritter.vg>
Date: Fri, 20 Jan 2017 09:28:02 -0600
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Subject: Re: [Trans] WGLC comments on draft-ietf-trans-6962-bis-24
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On 20 January 2017 at 08:23, Ben Laurie <benl@google.com> wrote:
> On 18 January 2017 at 15:12, Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx> wrote:
>> Let me again bust this myth that 6962 / 6962-bis do anything to expose rogue
>> logs.  Without some sort of consistency checking mechanism, logs can lie
>> without any risk of discovery.  That is true of CT as deployed today.  There
>> is no way to detect a rogue log.
>>
>> And a consistency checking mechanism only creates risk to rogue logs to the
>> degree that it is deployed and used.  If only 5% of SCTs ever get checked
>> for consistency, then a rogue log has a 95% chance of getting away with any
>> particular lie.  So we really need consistency checking at scale.
>
> I have two problems with this statement:
>
> 1. A 95% chance of getting away with a particular lie rapidly erodes
> to effectively no chance of getting away with multiple lies (for
> example, getting away with 100 lies is about .5% chance).

In a perfectly random distribution, yes. But I expect that the
attacker could choose the lie so the distribution is perfect or
grossly in their favor - either because the website does not deploy
some mechanism they need to participate (e.g. SCT Feedback) or because
the attacker filters DNS from the clients they attack or they choose
to attack clients they know do not enable consistency checking or by
selectively blocking connections...

All depends on deployment details of course.

-tom


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Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com> wrote
Wed, 11 Jan 2017 05:55:49 -0900:

> Working group last call will close on Wednesday, 1 February.

Seems to me like none of the browser vendors have any plans on
implementing CT Gossip as specified in this draft. Therefore I suggest
we cancel last call for gossip and try to change the draft into
something that at least one browser vendor is willing to support.

Please don't hesitate to comment on the contents of the draft though.
The authors are still interested in specifying something useful for
catching misbehaving CT logs.


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--94eb2c19c612b59a6d0546de8fa8
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

On Tue, Jan 24, 2017 at 1:32 PM, Linus Nordberg <linus@nordu.net> wrote:

> Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com> wrote
> Wed, 11 Jan 2017 05:55:49 -0900:
>
> > Working group last call will close on Wednesday, 1 February.
>
> Seems to me like none of the browser vendors have any plans on
> implementing CT Gossip as specified in this draft. Therefore I suggest
> we cancel last call for gossip and try to change the draft into
> something that at least one browser vendor is willing to support.
>
> Please don't hesitate to comment on the contents of the draft though.
> The authors are still interested in specifying something useful for
> catching misbehaving CT logs.
>

I think it's more a question of whether we expect we can have running code
to implement that draft, so that we can build rough consensus. It's not
that Chrome is opposed to the Gossip draft - merely, that we haven't even
begun to plan to implement/experiment with it, so can't really comment on.

To be fair, we're sort of in this same issue with RFC 6962-bis, in my
opinion - the economics of the Web PKI make it hard to get the "running
code" part that allows us to build the "rough consensus" - so it's hard to
know whether or not it's ready to maturate past WGLC. In other spaces, such
as TLS WG, we're in a much better place to implement and iterate in a
virtuous cycle.

I mention this because I don't want you to feel that we (browsers) are
either rejecting the Gossip draft or holding it hostage - just that there
are enough moving parts or in-fight activities that we've not had a chance
yet to fully explore this space in a way that can lead to good feedback.
However, I do think Gossip is an important part of CT's future, and want to
get to a place where we can really explore the draft, implement, and
provide feedback.

Unfortunately, I don't know if the IETF really has a good way of "This is
good and important work, has what seems like a lot of good and important
ideas, but let's keep this on the burner until more implementations exist"
:(

--94eb2c19c612b59a6d0546de8fa8
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quo=
te">On Tue, Jan 24, 2017 at 1:32 PM, Linus Nordberg <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<=
a href=3D"mailto:linus@nordu.net" target=3D"_blank">linus@nordu.net</a>&gt;=
</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .=
8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Melinda Shore &lt;<a href=
=3D"mailto:melinda.shore@gmail.com">melinda.shore@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote<b=
r>
Wed, 11 Jan 2017 05:55:49 -0900:<br>
<span class=3D""><br>
&gt; Working group last call will close on Wednesday, 1 February.<br>
<br>
</span>Seems to me like none of the browser vendors have any plans on<br>
implementing CT Gossip as specified in this draft. Therefore I suggest<br>
we cancel last call for gossip and try to change the draft into<br>
something that at least one browser vendor is willing to support.<br>
<br>
Please don&#39;t hesitate to comment on the contents of the draft though.<b=
r>
The authors are still interested in specifying something useful for<br>
catching misbehaving CT logs.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I think i=
t&#39;s more a question of whether we expect we can have running code to im=
plement that draft, so that we can build rough consensus. It&#39;s not that=
 Chrome is opposed to the Gossip draft - merely, that we haven&#39;t even b=
egun to plan to implement/experiment with it, so can&#39;t really comment o=
n.</div><div><br></div><div>To be fair, we&#39;re sort of in this same issu=
e with RFC 6962-bis, in my opinion - the economics of the Web PKI make it h=
ard to get the &quot;running code&quot; part that allows us to build the &q=
uot;rough consensus&quot; - so it&#39;s hard to know whether or not it&#39;=
s ready to maturate past WGLC. In other spaces, such as TLS WG, we&#39;re i=
n a much better place to implement and iterate in a virtuous cycle.</div><d=
iv><br></div><div>I mention this because I don&#39;t want you to feel that =
we (browsers) are either rejecting the Gossip draft or holding it hostage -=
 just that there are enough moving parts or in-fight activities that we&#39=
;ve not had a chance yet to fully explore this space in a way that can lead=
 to good feedback. However, I do think Gossip is an important part of CT&#3=
9;s future, and want to get to a place where we can really explore the draf=
t, implement, and provide feedback.</div><div><br></div><div>Unfortunately,=
 I don&#39;t know if the IETF really has a good way of &quot;This is good a=
nd important work, has what seems like a lot of good and important ideas, b=
ut let&#39;s keep this on the burner until more implementations exist&quot;=
 :(</div></div><br></div></div>

--94eb2c19c612b59a6d0546de8fa8--


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 <CAErg=HHxbird=ra8OBxrVnVn1Om_hiJgc+rNunY8QdqB8wsqbQ@mail.gmail.com>
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On 1/24/17 1:23 PM, Ryan Sleevi wrote:
> Unfortunately, I don't know if the IETF really has a good way of "This
> is good and important work, has what seems like a lot of good and
> important ideas, but let's keep this on the burner until more
> implementations exist" :(

We really don't, but that's in part why we have an Experimental
track.  Hatless, I would tend to argue in favor of continuing to
progress this towards publication as an experimental standard and
then revving it in the future based on implementation experience.

Melinda



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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
To: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>, "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Trans] Working group last call, draft-ietf-trans-gossip
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> Hatless, I would tend to argue in favor of continuing to progress this to=
wards
> publication as an experimental standard and then revving it in the future
> based on implementation experience.

Works for me!


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From: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>
Date: Tue, 24 Jan 2017 21:47:50 -0500
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Without commenting on the substance of the document, process-wise I would
be OK with this as Experimental, if the WG thinks it's worth capturing
state.

On Tue, Jan 24, 2017 at 7:05 PM, Salz, Rich <rsalz@akamai.com> wrote:

> > Hatless, I would tend to argue in favor of continuing to progress this
> towards
> > publication as an experimental standard and then revving it in the future
> > based on implementation experience.
>
> Works for me!
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr">Without commenting on the substance of the document, proce=
ss-wise I would be OK with this as Experimental, if the WG thinks it&#39;s =
worth capturing state.<br></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=
=3D"gmail_quote">On Tue, Jan 24, 2017 at 7:05 PM, Salz, Rich <span dir=3D"l=
tr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:rsalz@akamai.com" target=3D"_blank">rsalz@akamai.=
com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"mar=
gin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class=3D"=
">&gt; Hatless, I would tend to argue in favor of continuing to progress th=
is towards<br>
&gt; publication as an experimental standard and then revving it in the fut=
ure<br>
&gt; based on implementation experience.<br>
<br>
</span>Works for me!<br>
<div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=3D"h5"><br>
______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
Trans mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Trans@ietf.org">Trans@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans" rel=3D"noreferrer" =
target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/<wbr>listinfo/trans</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div>

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From nobody Tue Jan 24 23:40:22 2017
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Given there are no implementations, Experimental seems right to=20
me, and a good way to capture the progress so far.

Cheers - Bill

On 1/24/17 at 6:47 PM, rlb@ipv.sx (Richard Barnes) wrote:

>Without commenting on the substance of the document, process-wise I would
>be OK with this as Experimental, if the WG thinks it's worth capturing
>state.
>
>On Tue, Jan 24, 2017 at 7:05 PM, Salz, Rich <rsalz@akamai.com> wrote:
>
>>>Hatless, I would tend to argue in favor of continuing to progress this
>>towards
>>>publication as an experimental standard and then revving it in the futur=
e
>>>based on implementation experience.
>>
>>Works for me!

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Bill Frantz        | Concurrency is hard. 12 out  | Periwinkle
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To: trans@ietf.org
From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
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Date: Wed, 25 Jan 2017 10:03:43 -0900
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Subject: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
To: trans@ietf.org
Cc: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>, rlb@ipv.sx, ekr@rtfm.com
Message-ID: <8f6852d8-05ae-5f72-8c09-0437cc963b2c@gmail.com>
Subject: Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR

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Hi, all:

We've been looking at the discussion and trying to figure
out next steps.  Because we believe that the mechanisms
Richard's asking for can be built on top of what's specified
in 6962-bis, we've decided that we're going to
continue progressing the document towards publication,
and look to Richard and EKR to produce a draft specifying
a mechanism that meets their requirements with the intent
of adopting it as a working group deliverable.

Thanks,

Melinda


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To: Eran Messeri <eranm@google.com>
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Subject: Re: [Trans] Privacy analysis of the DNS-based protocol for obtaining inclusion proof
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On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 2:56 AM, Eran Messeri <eranm@google.com> wrote:
>
> - Navigating to hosts by IP which have SSL certificates logged in CT logs
> would now be disclosed to the UA's resolver. A mitigation could be not
> looking up inclusion proofs for these if data shows this is a common use
> case.
>

Meaning if it was an uncommon use case, the privacy leak is deemed
acceptable?


> - Resource Hints: Not sure I see how that's related to this discussion.
> Ryan, can you elaborate?
>

It was a terminology issue in the section "Disclosure of visited hosts vs
resolved hosts" - I was highlighting that the term "pre-fetch" in your
analysis, in particular, " This is less of an issue if pre-fetches actually
fetch content, rather than just looking up IP addresses for links/resources
the user is likely to consume."

As defined in Resource Hints (e.g. what UAs are doing), there's a
distinction between "DNS prefetch" (which appears to be how you're using
the term "prefetch"), "preconnect", and "prefetch" (which, in Resource
Hints usage, implies an actual fetch of the resource). So what you saw as
an ambiguous term ("prefetch" in your usage) is captured in Resource Hints
as two distinct terms ("DNS prefetch" vs "prefetch")

--94eb2c1cfdcad41692054708acd6
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quo=
te">On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 2:56 AM, Eran Messeri <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:eranm@google.com" target=3D"_blank">eranm@google.com</a>&gt;=
</span> wrote:<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px=
 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D=
"ltr"><div>- Navigating to hosts by IP which have SSL certificates logged i=
n CT logs would now be disclosed to the UA&#39;s resolver. A mitigation cou=
ld be not looking up inclusion proofs for these if data shows this is a com=
mon use case.</div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Meaning if it was=
 an uncommon use case, the privacy leak is deemed acceptable?</div><div>=C2=
=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8e=
x;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr"=
><div>- Resource Hints: Not sure I see how that&#39;s related to this discu=
ssion. Ryan, can you elaborate?</div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div=
>It was a terminology issue in the section &quot;Disclosure of visited host=
s vs resolved hosts&quot; - I was highlighting that the term &quot;pre-fetc=
h&quot; in your analysis, in particular, &quot; This is less of an issue if=
 pre-fetches actually fetch content, rather than just looking up IP address=
es for links/resources the user is likely to consume.&quot;</div><div><br><=
/div><div>As defined in Resource Hints (e.g. what UAs are doing), there&#39=
;s a distinction between &quot;DNS prefetch&quot; (which appears to be how =
you&#39;re using the term &quot;prefetch&quot;), &quot;preconnect&quot;, an=
d &quot;prefetch&quot; (which, in Resource Hints usage, implies an actual f=
etch of the resource). So what you saw as an ambiguous term (&quot;prefetch=
&quot; in your usage) is captured in Resource Hints as two distinct terms (=
&quot;DNS prefetch&quot; vs &quot;prefetch&quot;)</div></div></div></div>

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From nobody Sat Jan 28 12:06:20 2017
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Subject: [Trans] trans - Update to a Meeting Session Request for IETF 98
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An update to a meeting session request has just been submitted by Melinda Shore, a Chair of the trans working group.


---------------------------------------------------------
Working Group Name: Public Notary Transparency 
Area Name: Security Area
Session Requester: Melinda Shore

Number of Sessions: 1
Length of Session(s):  1.5 Hours
Number of Attendees: 40
Conflicts to Avoid: 
 First Priority: mtgvenue dnsop ipsecme httpbis
 Second Priority: curdle tls
 Third Priority: sacm


Special Requests:
  
---------------------------------------------------------


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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Sun, 29 Jan 2017 18:08:08 +0100
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To: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
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Cc: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>, trans@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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--f403045dc858a35e2405473ec0c1
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

Hi Melinda,

Unfortunately, I don't believe that the concerns that we are proposing
can in fact be plausibly addressed by post-hoc mechanisms on top of
the 6962-bis structure. To be precise, one might build either:

(a) A system which is not publicly verifiable in which case EEs would
    only need to handle and provide SCTs and one can and should
    dispense with much of the Merkle hash tree infrastructure.

(b) A system in which is publicly verifiable in which case the
    current Merkle hash tree infrastructure seems inadequate and
    would need to be revised, not just built on top of.

Either of these seem like reasonable WG decisions (though the
charter pretty clearly contemplates (b)) but the current draft
doesn't really do either. For that reason, I don't think it makes
sense to just proceed as-is. Typically for last call comments
of this magnitude the process would be to discuss them at the
next IETF. Accordingly, rather than pubreq the draft now,
we'd ask for agenda time to discuss in Chicago.

-Ekr


On Wed, Jan 25, 2017 at 8:03 PM, Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
wrote:

> Hi, all:
>
> We've been looking at the discussion and trying to figure
> out next steps.  Because we believe that the mechanisms
> Richard's asking for can be built on top of what's specified
> in 6962-bis, we've decided that we're going to
> continue progressing the document towards publication,
> and look to Richard and EKR to produce a draft specifying
> a mechanism that meets their requirements with the intent
> of adopting it as a working group deliverable.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Melinda
>
>

--f403045dc858a35e2405473ec0c1
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>Hi Melinda,</div><div><br></div><div>Unfortunately, I=
 don&#39;t believe that the concerns that we are proposing</div><div>can in=
 fact be plausibly addressed by post-hoc mechanisms on top of</div><div>the=
 6962-bis structure. To be precise, one might build either:</div><div><br><=
/div><div>(a) A system which is not publicly verifiable in which case EEs w=
ould</div><div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 only need to handle and provide SCTs and one c=
an and should</div><div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 dispense with much of the Merkle hash=
 tree infrastructure.</div><div><br></div><div>(b) A system in which is pub=
licly verifiable in which case the</div><div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 current Merkle h=
ash tree infrastructure seems inadequate and</div><div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 would =
need to be revised, not just built on top of.</div><div><br></div><div>Eith=
er of these seem like reasonable WG decisions (though the</div><div>charter=
 pretty clearly contemplates (b)) but the current draft</div><div>doesn&#39=
;t really do either. For that reason, I don&#39;t think it makes</div><div>=
sense to just proceed as-is. Typically for last call comments</div><div>of =
this magnitude the process would be to discuss them at the</div><div>next I=
ETF. Accordingly, rather than pubreq the draft now,</div><div>we&#39;d ask =
for agenda time to discuss in Chicago.</div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr</div><=
div><br></div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quot=
e">On Wed, Jan 25, 2017 at 8:03 PM, Melinda Shore <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:melinda.shore@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">melinda.shore@gma=
il.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"=
margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Hi, all:<br>
<br>
We&#39;ve been looking at the discussion and trying to figure<br>
out next steps.=C2=A0 Because we believe that the mechanisms<br>
Richard&#39;s asking for can be built on top of what&#39;s specified<br>
in 6962-bis, we&#39;ve decided that we&#39;re going to<br>
continue progressing the document towards publication,<br>
and look to Richard and EKR to produce a draft specifying<br>
a mechanism that meets their requirements with the intent<br>
of adopting it as a working group deliverable.<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
<br>
Melinda<br>
<br>
</blockquote></div><br></div>

--f403045dc858a35e2405473ec0c1--


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Subject: Re: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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On 29 January 2017 at 17:08, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
> Hi Melinda,
>
> Unfortunately, I don't believe that the concerns that we are proposing
> can in fact be plausibly addressed by post-hoc mechanisms on top of
> the 6962-bis structure. To be precise, one might build either:
>
> (a) A system which is not publicly verifiable in which case EEs would
>     only need to handle and provide SCTs and one can and should
>     dispense with much of the Merkle hash tree infrastructure.
>
> (b) A system in which is publicly verifiable in which case the
>     current Merkle hash tree infrastructure seems inadequate and
>     would need to be revised, not just built on top of.
>
> Either of these seem like reasonable WG decisions (though the
> charter pretty clearly contemplates (b)) but the current draft
> doesn't really do either. For that reason, I don't think it makes
> sense to just proceed as-is. Typically for last call comments
> of this magnitude the process would be to discuss them at the
> next IETF. Accordingly, rather than pubreq the draft now,
> we'd ask for agenda time to discuss in Chicago.

I don't think you're right. In practice, there are mechanisms that
address your concerns, I believe.

Firstly, its important to understand that the goal of CT is to reveal
misissuance, not to prevent it, nor to deal with it when it occurs.

So, inclusion proofs.

One way to deal with this would be to for browsers to report to
servers the previous cert seen for that server. The server can then
fetch the inclusion proof.

If the client ever talks to the correct server having talked to an
evil one, the evil one will be discovered. If the client doesn't, then
the client is effectively in a bubble and beyond help.

Another would be to require servers to serve inclusion proofs
alongside the cert, once the SCT was past the MMD. This could be done
either with OCSP stapling or with the TLS extension.

Next, STH consistency.

My preferred plan for this is to add a new leaf type, STH, and require
(by policy) all logs to accept STHs from all other logs. Then you add
a call to logs that lists the positions of those STHs, so they can be
efficiently retrieved. Or maybe just retrieves the latest seen from
each log. If inconsistent STHs are ever logged, monitors can detect
this. In order to fork a log, you would then have to fork all logs. Of
course, monitors and other interested parties could also gossip STHs
for added value.

All of these can be done on top of 6962-bis.

>
> -Ekr
>
>
> On Wed, Jan 25, 2017 at 8:03 PM, Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
> wrote:
>>
>> Hi, all:
>>
>> We've been looking at the discussion and trying to figure
>> out next steps.  Because we believe that the mechanisms
>> Richard's asking for can be built on top of what's specified
>> in 6962-bis, we've decided that we're going to
>> continue progressing the document towards publication,
>> and look to Richard and EKR to produce a draft specifying
>> a mechanism that meets their requirements with the intent
>> of adopting it as a working group deliverable.
>>
>> Thanks,
>>
>> Melinda
>>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>


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To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
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From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Cc: trans@ietf.org, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>, Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>
Message-ID: <7adc7503-0717-3390-ff8a-7770544c8a04@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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 <CABcZeBObdV8DFDVpsSYO5_Wg=GH3JdhsNJa=-6mUmzaVNmE0TQ@mail.gmail.com>
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On 1/29/17 8:08 AM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> Either of these seem like reasonable WG decisions (though the
> charter pretty clearly contemplates (b)) but the current draft
> doesn't really do either. For that reason, I don't think it makes
> sense to just proceed as-is. Typically for last call comments
> of this magnitude the process would be to discuss them at the
> next IETF. Accordingly, rather than pubreq the draft now,
> we'd ask for agenda time to discuss in Chicago.

Of course, but in the meantime I'm not really a fan of holding
work hostage to meeting schedules (my own deficiencies in that
area duly noted), plus -bis draft authors often don't come to
meetings, plus it looks possible that a number of regular
attendees may not be coming to Chicago because of the political
situation.  We can try to have a conference call in the next
week or so, if people are up for that.

Melinda




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Cc: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>, trans@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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I think a conference call would be good. I think if we call it an interim me=
eting, we might need to give more notice.

Paul

Sent from my iPhone

> On Jan 29, 2017, at 13:31, Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com> wrote:
>=20
>> On 1/29/17 8:08 AM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
>> Either of these seem like reasonable WG decisions (though the
>> charter pretty clearly contemplates (b)) but the current draft
>> doesn't really do either. For that reason, I don't think it makes
>> sense to just proceed as-is. Typically for last call comments
>> of this magnitude the process would be to discuss them at the
>> next IETF. Accordingly, rather than pubreq the draft now,
>> we'd ask for agenda time to discuss in Chicago.
>=20
> Of course, but in the meantime I'm not really a fan of holding
> work hostage to meeting schedules (my own deficiencies in that
> area duly noted), plus -bis draft authors often don't come to
> meetings, plus it looks possible that a number of regular
> attendees may not be coming to Chicago because of the political
> situation.  We can try to have a conference call in the next
> week or so, if people are up for that.
>=20
> Melinda
>=20
>=20
>=20


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On 29/01/17 23:12, Paul Wouters wrote:
> I think a conference call would be good. I think if we call it an
> interim meeting, we might need to give more notice.

You need "one week (ideally two)" [1] though the chances of finding
a slot that has all the necessary folks within one week seems small.

As noted in [1] you don't need AD approval for a virtual interim,
but I do happen to agree it's a good idea:-)

Cheers,
S.

[1] https://www.ietf.org/iesg/statement/interim-meetings.html


>=20
> Paul
>=20
> Sent from my iPhone
>=20
>> On Jan 29, 2017, at 13:31, Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>=20
>>> On 1/29/17 8:08 AM, Eric Rescorla wrote: Either of these seem
>>> like reasonable WG decisions (though the charter pretty clearly
>>> contemplates (b)) but the current draft doesn't really do either.
>>> For that reason, I don't think it makes sense to just proceed
>>> as-is. Typically for last call comments of this magnitude the
>>> process would be to discuss them at the next IETF. Accordingly,
>>> rather than pubreq the draft now, we'd ask for agenda time to
>>> discuss in Chicago.
>>=20
>> Of course, but in the meantime I'm not really a fan of holding work
>> hostage to meeting schedules (my own deficiencies in that area duly
>> noted), plus -bis draft authors often don't come to meetings, plus
>> it looks possible that a number of regular attendees may not be
>> coming to Chicago because of the political situation.  We can try
>> to have a conference call in the next week or so, if people are up
>> for that.
>>=20
>> Melinda
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________ Trans mailing list=20
> Trans@ietf.org https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>=20


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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Mon, 30 Jan 2017 05:39:53 +0100
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Subject: Re: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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On Sun, Jan 29, 2017 at 6:44 PM, Ben Laurie <benl@google.com> wrote:

> On 29 January 2017 at 17:08, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
> > Hi Melinda,
> >
> > Unfortunately, I don't believe that the concerns that we are proposing
> > can in fact be plausibly addressed by post-hoc mechanisms on top of
> > the 6962-bis structure. To be precise, one might build either:
> >
> > (a) A system which is not publicly verifiable in which case EEs would
> >     only need to handle and provide SCTs and one can and should
> >     dispense with much of the Merkle hash tree infrastructure.
> >
> > (b) A system in which is publicly verifiable in which case the
> >     current Merkle hash tree infrastructure seems inadequate and
> >     would need to be revised, not just built on top of.
> >
> > Either of these seem like reasonable WG decisions (though the
> > charter pretty clearly contemplates (b)) but the current draft
> > doesn't really do either. For that reason, I don't think it makes
> > sense to just proceed as-is. Typically for last call comments
> > of this magnitude the process would be to discuss them at the
> > next IETF. Accordingly, rather than pubreq the draft now,
> > we'd ask for agenda time to discuss in Chicago.
>
> I don't think you're right. In practice, there are mechanisms that
> address your concerns, I believe.
>
> Firstly, its important to understand that the goal of CT is to reveal
> misissuance, not to prevent it, nor to deal with it when it occurs.
>

That's a reasonable objective, but as far as I can tell it requires that
the client be able to ensure that it is seeing the same thing that the
rest of the world sees (i.e., "public" or "end-to-end" verifiability).
The concerns that we have raised go to the practicality of achieving
that.


So, inclusion proofs.
>
> One way to deal with this would be to for browsers to report to
> servers the previous cert seen for that server. The server can then
> fetch the inclusion proof.
>
> If the client ever talks to the correct server having talked to an
> evil one, the evil one will be discovered. If the client doesn't, then
> the client is effectively in a bubble and beyond help.
>

I don't believe this is correct, at least for common clients, because
the attacker can selectively interfere with just your connections to
the site of interest; this would be detectable with at least some designs.

Consider a trivial, inefficient, CT-like system in which the browser
manufacturer scrapes the entire CT log and sends it to every browser client.
As long as the manufacturer doesn't cheat (in which case you truly
are beyond help, but for non-CT reasons), then a client can easily
assess log-inclusion for any server as long as the connection back
to the vendor is live. And if that connection fails, then the browser
in fact knows it is under attack, which is different from the silent
attack we have here.

So, ultimately, I don't think this is that useful.


Another would be to require servers to serve inclusion proofs
> alongside the cert, once the SCT was past the MMD. This could be done
> either with OCSP stapling or with the TLS extension.


I agree that having the server serve an inclusion proof is the right design
(and in fact it's what Richard and I contemplated) but this seems
problematic
for two reasons:

1. It's effectively retroactive consistency and so it's a weaker guarantee
than prevention of compromise. I realize that that's not your objective, but
it seems like it's a good one. Also, it means that if a client just goes to
a site once, then compromise may never even be detected.

2. In order to operate efficiently, it requires that the client be able to
verify consistency for the specific STH which this is an inclusion proof
for.
It's possible that this can be made efficient, especially if you minimize
the number of STHs to which inclusion proofs are actually issued, but
all that needs to actually be specified in some way.


Next, STH consistency.
>
> My preferred plan for this is to add a new leaf type, STH, and require
> (by policy) all logs to accept STHs from all other logs. Then you add
> a call to logs that lists the positions of those STHs, so they can be
> efficiently retrieved. Or maybe just retrieves the latest seen from
> each log. If inconsistent STHs are ever logged, monitors can detect
> this. In order to fork a log, you would then have to fork all logs. Of
> course, monitors and other interested parties could also gossip STHs
> for added value.
>

That might work, but I think again it requires some notion that there are
a limited number of STHs which are actually published in practice and
which there are inclusion proofs to. And then this gets into the efficiency
analysis that Richard posted in his initial comments.


All of these can be done on top of 6962-bis.


Perhaps. However, given that these proposals are pretty essential to
determining whether the public verifiability part of CT works, it would
probably be good to have a fully fleshed out design to analyze prior
to standardizing that piece.

-Ekr



>
> >
> > -Ekr
> >
> >
> > On Wed, Jan 25, 2017 at 8:03 PM, Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
> > wrote:
> >>
> >> Hi, all:
> >>
> >> We've been looking at the discussion and trying to figure
> >> out next steps.  Because we believe that the mechanisms
> >> Richard's asking for can be built on top of what's specified
> >> in 6962-bis, we've decided that we're going to
> >> continue progressing the document towards publication,
> >> and look to Richard and EKR to produce a draft specifying
> >> a mechanism that meets their requirements with the intent
> >> of adopting it as a working group deliverable.
> >>
> >> Thanks,
> >>
> >> Melinda
> >>
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Trans mailing list
> > Trans@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
> >
>

--001a114b690a85f3e80547486af6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quo=
te">On Sun, Jan 29, 2017 at 6:44 PM, Ben Laurie <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a hr=
ef=3D"mailto:benl@google.com" target=3D"_blank">benl@google.com</a>&gt;</sp=
an> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;=
border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class=3D"">On 29 January=
 2017 at 17:08, Eric Rescorla &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ekr@rtfm.com">ekr@rtfm.=
com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; Hi Melinda,<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Unfortunately, I don&#39;t believe that the concerns that we are propo=
sing<br>
&gt; can in fact be plausibly addressed by post-hoc mechanisms on top of<br=
>
&gt; the 6962-bis structure. To be precise, one might build either:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; (a) A system which is not publicly verifiable in which case EEs would<=
br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0only need to handle and provide SCTs and one can an=
d should<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0dispense with much of the Merkle hash tree infrastr=
ucture.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; (b) A system in which is publicly verifiable in which case the<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0current Merkle hash tree infrastructure seems inade=
quate and<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0would need to be revised, not just built on top of.=
<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Either of these seem like reasonable WG decisions (though the<br>
&gt; charter pretty clearly contemplates (b)) but the current draft<br>
&gt; doesn&#39;t really do either. For that reason, I don&#39;t think it ma=
kes<br>
&gt; sense to just proceed as-is. Typically for last call comments<br>
&gt; of this magnitude the process would be to discuss them at the<br>
&gt; next IETF. Accordingly, rather than pubreq the draft now,<br>
&gt; we&#39;d ask for agenda time to discuss in Chicago.<br>
<br>
</span>I don&#39;t think you&#39;re right. In practice, there are mechanism=
s that<br>
address your concerns, I believe.<br>
<br>
Firstly, its important to understand that the goal of CT is to reveal<br>
misissuance, not to prevent it, nor to deal with it when it occurs.<br></bl=
ockquote><div><br></div><div>That&#39;s a reasonable objective, but as far =
as I can tell it requires that</div><div>the client be able to ensure that =
it is seeing the same thing that the</div><div>rest of the world sees (i.e.=
, &quot;public&quot; or &quot;end-to-end&quot; verifiability).</div><div>Th=
e concerns that we have raised go to the practicality of achieving</div><di=
v>that.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote=
" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
So, inclusion proofs.<br>
<br>
One way to deal with this would be to for browsers to report to<br>
servers the previous cert seen for that server. The server can then<br>
fetch the inclusion proof.<br>
<br>
If the client ever talks to the correct server having talked to an<br>
evil one, the evil one will be discovered. If the client doesn&#39;t, then<=
br>
the client is effectively in a bubble and beyond help.<br></blockquote><div=
><br></div><div>I don&#39;t believe this is correct, at least for common cl=
ients, because</div><div>the attacker can selectively interfere with just y=
our connections to</div><div>the site of interest; this would be detectable=
 with at least some designs.</div><div><br></div><div>Consider a trivial, i=
nefficient, CT-like system in which the browser</div><div>manufacturer scra=
pes the entire CT log and sends it to every browser client.</div><div>As lo=
ng as the manufacturer doesn&#39;t cheat (in which case you truly</div><div=
>are beyond help, but for non-CT reasons), then a client can easily</div><d=
iv>assess log-inclusion for any server as long as the connection back</div>=
<div>to the vendor is live. And if that connection fails, then the browser<=
/div><div>in fact knows it is under attack, which is different from the sil=
ent</div><div>attack we have here.</div><div><br></div><div>So, ultimately,=
 I don&#39;t think this is that useful.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div>=
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
Another would be to require servers to serve inclusion proofs<br>
alongside the cert, once the SCT was past the MMD. This could be done<br>
either with OCSP stapling or with the TLS extension.</blockquote><div><br><=
/div><div>I agree that having the server serve an inclusion proof is the ri=
ght design</div><div>(and in fact it&#39;s what Richard and I contemplated)=
 but this seems problematic</div><div>for two reasons:</div><div><br></div>=
<div>1. It&#39;s effectively retroactive consistency and so it&#39;s a weak=
er guarantee</div><div>than prevention of compromise. I realize that that&#=
39;s not your objective, but</div><div>it seems like it&#39;s a good one. A=
lso, it means that if a client just goes to</div><div>a site once, then com=
promise may never even be detected.</div><div><br></div><div>2. In order to=
 operate efficiently, it requires that the client be able to</div><div>veri=
fy consistency for the specific STH which this is an inclusion proof for.</=
div><div>It&#39;s possible that this can be made efficient, especially if y=
ou minimize</div><div>the number of STHs to which inclusion proofs are actu=
ally issued, but</div><div>all that needs to actually be specified in some =
way.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" s=
tyle=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
Next, STH consistency.<br>
<br>
My preferred plan for this is to add a new leaf type, STH, and require<br>
(by policy) all logs to accept STHs from all other logs. Then you add<br>
a call to logs that lists the positions of those STHs, so they can be<br>
efficiently retrieved. Or maybe just retrieves the latest seen from<br>
each log. If inconsistent STHs are ever logged, monitors can detect<br>
this. In order to fork a log, you would then have to fork all logs. Of<br>
course, monitors and other interested parties could also gossip STHs<br>
for added value.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>That might work, but I=
 think again it requires some notion that there are</div><div>a limited num=
ber of STHs which are actually published in practice and</div><div>which th=
ere are inclusion proofs to. And then this gets into the efficiency</div><d=
iv>analysis that Richard posted in his initial comments.</div><div><br></di=
v><div><br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8=
ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
All of these can be done on top of 6962-bis.</blockquote><div><br></div><di=
v>Perhaps. However, given that these proposals are pretty essential to</div=
><div>determining whether the public verifiability part of CT works, it wou=
ld</div><div>probably be good to have a fully fleshed out design to analyze=
 prior</div><div>to standardizing that piece.</div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr=
</div><div><br></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" sty=
le=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span =
class=3D""><br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; -Ekr<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; On Wed, Jan 25, 2017 at 8:03 PM, Melinda Shore &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:m=
elinda.shore@gmail.com">melinda.shore@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br>
&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Hi, all:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; We&#39;ve been looking at the discussion and trying to figure<br>
&gt;&gt; out next steps.=C2=A0 Because we believe that the mechanisms<br>
&gt;&gt; Richard&#39;s asking for can be built on top of what&#39;s specifi=
ed<br>
&gt;&gt; in 6962-bis, we&#39;ve decided that we&#39;re going to<br>
&gt;&gt; continue progressing the document towards publication,<br>
&gt;&gt; and look to Richard and EKR to produce a draft specifying<br>
&gt;&gt; a mechanism that meets their requirements with the intent<br>
&gt;&gt; of adopting it as a working group deliverable.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Thanks,<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Melinda<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
</span>&gt; ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
&gt; Trans mailing list<br>
&gt; <a href=3D"mailto:Trans@ietf.org">Trans@ietf.org</a><br>
&gt; <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans" rel=3D"norefer=
rer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/<wbr>listinfo/trans</a>=
<br>
&gt;<br>
</blockquote></div><br></div></div>

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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Mon, 30 Jan 2017 06:01:53 +0100
Message-ID: <CABcZeBMriuLD4OObpJ9R8MNkEqpohSQEPU_Sb5J3Dvaf93onvw@mail.gmail.com>
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Cc: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>, trans@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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--001a114928ba305f8a054748b924
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I'd be happy to have a call to discuss this and see if we can all
come to some agreement. However, if we don't then this probably
does need some kind of virtual interim or a meeting in Chicago.

-Ekr


On Sun, Jan 29, 2017 at 7:31 PM, Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
wrote:

> On 1/29/17 8:08 AM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > Either of these seem like reasonable WG decisions (though the
> > charter pretty clearly contemplates (b)) but the current draft
> > doesn't really do either. For that reason, I don't think it makes
> > sense to just proceed as-is. Typically for last call comments
> > of this magnitude the process would be to discuss them at the
> > next IETF. Accordingly, rather than pubreq the draft now,
> > we'd ask for agenda time to discuss in Chicago.
>
> Of course, but in the meantime I'm not really a fan of holding
> work hostage to meeting schedules (my own deficiencies in that
> area duly noted), plus -bis draft authors often don't come to
> meetings, plus it looks possible that a number of regular
> attendees may not be coming to Chicago because of the political
> situation.  We can try to have a conference call in the next
> week or so, if people are up for that.
>
> Melinda
>
>
>
>

--001a114928ba305f8a054748b924
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<div dir=3D"ltr">I&#39;d be happy to have a call to discuss this and see if=
 we can all<div>come to some agreement. However, if we don&#39;t then this =
probably</div><div>does need some kind of virtual interim or a meeting in C=
hicago.<br><div><br></div><div>-Ekr</div><div><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra=
"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Sun, Jan 29, 2017 at 7:31 PM, Melinda S=
hore <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:melinda.shore@gmail.com" targe=
t=3D"_blank">melinda.shore@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote c=
lass=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;=
padding-left:1ex"><span>On 1/29/17 8:08 AM, Eric Rescorla wrote:<br>
&gt; Either of these seem like reasonable WG decisions (though the<br>
&gt; charter pretty clearly contemplates (b)) but the current draft<br>
&gt; doesn&#39;t really do either. For that reason, I don&#39;t think it ma=
kes<br>
&gt; sense to just proceed as-is. Typically for last call comments<br>
&gt; of this magnitude the process would be to discuss them at the<br>
&gt; next IETF. Accordingly, rather than pubreq the draft now,<br>
&gt; we&#39;d ask for agenda time to discuss in Chicago.<br>
<br>
</span>Of course, but in the meantime I&#39;m not really a fan of holding<b=
r>
work hostage to meeting schedules (my own deficiencies in that<br>
area duly noted), plus -bis draft authors often don&#39;t come to<br>
meetings, plus it looks possible that a number of regular<br>
attendees may not be coming to Chicago because of the political<br>
situation.=C2=A0 We can try to have a conference call in the next<br>
week or so, if people are up for that.<br>
<span class=3D"m_4619634850266665040HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"><br>
Melinda<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</font></span></blockquote></div><br></div></div></div></div>

--001a114928ba305f8a054748b924--


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From: Eran Messeri <eranm@google.com>
Date: Mon, 30 Jan 2017 14:44:54 +0000
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Subject: Re: [Trans] Privacy analysis of the DNS-based protocol for obtaining inclusion proof
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On Fri, Jan 27, 2017 at 12:37 AM, Ryan Sleevi <ryan-ietf@sleevi.com> wrote:

>
>
> On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 2:56 AM, Eran Messeri <eranm@google.com> wrote:
>>
>> - Navigating to hosts by IP which have SSL certificates logged in CT logs
>> would now be disclosed to the UA's resolver. A mitigation could be not
>> looking up inclusion proofs for these if data shows this is a common use
>> case.
>>
>
> Meaning if it was an uncommon use case, the privacy leak is deemed
> acceptable?
>
Not sure, TBH. The way I see it, extra code could be added to avoid
performing inclusion proofs in case the user has browsed directly to an IP
address - this complexity would be weighted against the commonality of this
use case (it could be that UAs will not deem this privacy leak acceptable
at all).

>
>
>> - Resource Hints: Not sure I see how that's related to this discussion.
>> Ryan, can you elaborate?
>>
>
> It was a terminology issue in the section "Disclosure of visited hosts vs
> resolved hosts" - I was highlighting that the term "pre-fetch" in your
> analysis, in particular, " This is less of an issue if pre-fetches actually
> fetch content, rather than just looking up IP addresses for links/resources
> the user is likely to consume."
>
> As defined in Resource Hints (e.g. what UAs are doing), there's a
> distinction between "DNS prefetch" (which appears to be how you're using
> the term "prefetch"), "preconnect", and "prefetch" (which, in Resource
> Hints usage, implies an actual fetch of the resource). So what you saw as
> an ambiguous term ("prefetch" in your usage) is captured in Resource Hints
> as two distinct terms ("DNS prefetch" vs "prefetch")
>
Acknowledged, updated the document to use this terminology.

--001a1145e7169e018e054750dd90
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quo=
te">On Fri, Jan 27, 2017 at 12:37 AM, Ryan Sleevi <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:ryan-ietf@sleevi.com" target=3D"_blank">ryan-ietf@sleevi.com=
</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin=
:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr"><=
br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><span class=3D=
"">On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 2:56 AM, Eran Messeri <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a h=
ref=3D"mailto:eranm@google.com" target=3D"_blank">eranm@google.com</a>&gt;<=
/span> wrote:<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px =
0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"=
ltr"><div>- Navigating to hosts by IP which have SSL certificates logged in=
 CT logs would now be disclosed to the UA&#39;s resolver. A mitigation coul=
d be not looking up inclusion proofs for these if data shows this is a comm=
on use case.</div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>Meaning if =
it was an uncommon use case, the privacy leak is deemed acceptable?</div></=
div></div></div></blockquote><div>Not sure, TBH. The way I see it, extra co=
de could be added to avoid performing inclusion proofs in case the user has=
 browsed directly to an IP address - this complexity would be weighted agai=
nst the commonality of this use case (it could be that UAs will not deem th=
is privacy leak acceptable at all).=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_q=
uote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1e=
x"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><=
span class=3D""><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D=
"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-le=
ft:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div>- Resource Hints: Not sure I see how that&#39=
;s related to this discussion. Ryan, can you elaborate?</div></div></blockq=
uote><div><br></div></span><div>It was a terminology issue in the section &=
quot;Disclosure of visited hosts vs resolved hosts&quot; - I was highlighti=
ng that the term &quot;pre-fetch&quot; in your analysis, in particular, &qu=
ot; This is less of an issue if pre-fetches actually fetch content, rather =
than just looking up IP addresses for links/resources the user is likely to=
 consume.&quot;</div><div><br></div><div>As defined in Resource Hints (e.g.=
 what UAs are doing), there&#39;s a distinction between &quot;DNS prefetch&=
quot; (which appears to be how you&#39;re using the term &quot;prefetch&quo=
t;), &quot;preconnect&quot;, and &quot;prefetch&quot; (which, in Resource H=
ints usage, implies an actual fetch of the resource). So what you saw as an=
 ambiguous term (&quot;prefetch&quot; in your usage) is captured in Resourc=
e Hints as two distinct terms (&quot;DNS prefetch&quot; vs &quot;prefetch&q=
uot;)</div></div></div></div>
</blockquote></div>Acknowledged, updated the document to use this terminolo=
gy.</div></div>

--001a1145e7169e018e054750dd90--


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From: Eran Messeri <eranm@google.com>
Date: Mon, 30 Jan 2017 17:04:04 +0000
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--001a113a62965aa9c5054752cf7b
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I'm also in favour of progressing towards publication as an experimental
RFC.
In particular, the SCT Feedback mechanism and Trusted Auditor Relationship
seem like useful protocol descriptions that be useful in the short term.

The document also does a good job of capturing many of the privacy/security
aspects of different gossip mechanisms (and the implications on the CT
system as a whole), another good reason IMHO to progress towards
publication.

On Wed, Jan 25, 2017 at 7:40 AM, Bill Frantz <frantz@pwpconsult.com> wrote:

> Given there are no implementations, Experimental seems right to me, and a
> good way to capture the progress so far.
>
> Cheers - Bill
>
> On 1/24/17 at 6:47 PM, rlb@ipv.sx (Richard Barnes) wrote:
>
> Without commenting on the substance of the document, process-wise I would
>> be OK with this as Experimental, if the WG thinks it's worth capturing
>> state.
>>
>> On Tue, Jan 24, 2017 at 7:05 PM, Salz, Rich <rsalz@akamai.com> wrote:
>>
>> Hatless, I would tend to argue in favor of continuing to progress this
>>>>
>>> towards
>>>
>>>> publication as an experimental standard and then revving it in the
>>>> future
>>>> based on implementation experience.
>>>>
>>>
>>> Works for me!
>>>
>>
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Bill Frantz        | Concurrency is hard. 12 out  | Periwinkle
> (408)356-8506      | 10 programmers get it wrong. | 16345 Englewood Ave
> www.pwpconsult.com |                - Jeff Frantz | Los Gatos, CA 95032
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Trans mailing list
> Trans@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr">I&#39;m also in favour of progressing towards publication =
as an experimental RFC.<div>In particular, the SCT Feedback mechanism and T=
rusted Auditor Relationship seem like useful protocol descriptions that be =
useful in the short term.</div><div><br></div><div>The document also does a=
 good job of capturing many of the privacy/security aspects of different go=
ssip mechanisms (and the implications on the CT system as a whole), another=
 good reason IMHO to progress towards publication.</div></div><div class=3D=
"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Wed, Jan 25, 2017 at 7:40 A=
M, Bill Frantz <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:frantz@pwpconsult.co=
m" target=3D"_blank">frantz@pwpconsult.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockq=
uote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc =
solid;padding-left:1ex">Given there are no implementations, Experimental se=
ems right to me, and a good way to capture the progress so far.<br>
<br>
Cheers - Bill<span class=3D""><br>
<br>
On 1/24/17 at 6:47 PM, rlb@ipv.sx (Richard Barnes) wrote:<br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
Without commenting on the substance of the document, process-wise I would<b=
r>
be OK with this as Experimental, if the WG thinks it&#39;s worth capturing<=
br>
state.<br>
<br>
On Tue, Jan 24, 2017 at 7:05 PM, Salz, Rich &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:rsalz@aka=
mai.com" target=3D"_blank">rsalz@akamai.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"m=
argin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
Hatless, I would tend to argue in favor of continuing to progress this<br>
</blockquote>
towards<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
publication as an experimental standard and then revving it in the future<b=
r>
based on implementation experience.<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
Works for me!<br>
</blockquote></blockquote>
<br></span>
------------------------------<wbr>------------------------------<wbr>-----=
------<br>
Bill Frantz=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | Concurrency is hard. 12 out=C2=A0 =
| Periwinkle<br>
<a href=3D"tel:%28408%29356-8506" value=3D"+14083568506" target=3D"_blank">=
(408)356-8506</a>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | 10 programmers get it wrong. | 1634=
5 Englewood Ave<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.pwpconsult.com" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">=
www.pwpconsult.com</a> |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 - Jeff Frantz | Los Gatos, CA 95032<div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=
=3D"h5"><br>
<br>
______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
Trans mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Trans@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">Trans@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans" rel=3D"noreferrer" =
target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/trans</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div>

--001a113a62965aa9c5054752cf7b--


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From: Andrew Ayer <agwa@andrewayer.name>
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Subject: Re: [Trans] Working group last call, draft-ietf-trans-gossip
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On Mon, 30 Jan 2017 17:04:04 +0000
Eran Messeri <eranm@google.com> wrote:

> I'm also in favour of progressing towards publication as an
> experimental RFC.
> In particular, the SCT Feedback mechanism and Trusted Auditor
> Relationship seem like useful protocol descriptions that be useful in
> the short term.

I'll add that I am adding support for STH Pollination to Cert Spotter,
and hope to create an ecosystem of monitors sharing STHs, so +1 for
publication.

Regards,
Andrew


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From: Ben Laurie <benl@google.com>
Date: Tue, 31 Jan 2017 11:51:55 +0000
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Cc: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>, "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>, Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
Subject: Re: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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On 30 January 2017 at 04:39, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
>
>
> On Sun, Jan 29, 2017 at 6:44 PM, Ben Laurie <benl@google.com> wrote:
>>
>> On 29 January 2017 at 17:08, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
>> > Hi Melinda,
>> >
>> > Unfortunately, I don't believe that the concerns that we are proposing
>> > can in fact be plausibly addressed by post-hoc mechanisms on top of
>> > the 6962-bis structure. To be precise, one might build either:
>> >
>> > (a) A system which is not publicly verifiable in which case EEs would
>> >     only need to handle and provide SCTs and one can and should
>> >     dispense with much of the Merkle hash tree infrastructure.
>> >
>> > (b) A system in which is publicly verifiable in which case the
>> >     current Merkle hash tree infrastructure seems inadequate and
>> >     would need to be revised, not just built on top of.
>> >
>> > Either of these seem like reasonable WG decisions (though the
>> > charter pretty clearly contemplates (b)) but the current draft
>> > doesn't really do either. For that reason, I don't think it makes
>> > sense to just proceed as-is. Typically for last call comments
>> > of this magnitude the process would be to discuss them at the
>> > next IETF. Accordingly, rather than pubreq the draft now,
>> > we'd ask for agenda time to discuss in Chicago.
>>
>> I don't think you're right. In practice, there are mechanisms that
>> address your concerns, I believe.
>>
>> Firstly, its important to understand that the goal of CT is to reveal
>> misissuance, not to prevent it, nor to deal with it when it occurs.
>
>
> That's a reasonable objective, but as far as I can tell it requires that
> the client be able to ensure that it is seeing the same thing that the
> rest of the world sees (i.e., "public" or "end-to-end" verifiability).
> The concerns that we have raised go to the practicality of achieving
> that.

Given that CT has revealed a good deal of misissuance it is clear that
it does not _require_ that, but it is, of course, a desirable
property.

In other words: don't let the perfect be the enemy of the good.

>> So, inclusion proofs.
>>
>> One way to deal with this would be to for browsers to report to
>> servers the previous cert seen for that server. The server can then
>> fetch the inclusion proof.
>>
>> If the client ever talks to the correct server having talked to an
>> evil one, the evil one will be discovered. If the client doesn't, then
>> the client is effectively in a bubble and beyond help.
>
>
> I don't believe this is correct, at least for common clients, because
> the attacker can selectively interfere with just your connections to
> the site of interest; this would be detectable with at least some designs.
>
> Consider a trivial, inefficient, CT-like system in which the browser
> manufacturer scrapes the entire CT log and sends it to every browser client.
> As long as the manufacturer doesn't cheat (in which case you truly
> are beyond help, but for non-CT reasons), then a client can easily
> assess log-inclusion for any server as long as the connection back
> to the vendor is live. And if that connection fails, then the browser
> in fact knows it is under attack, which is different from the silent
> attack we have here.
>
> So, ultimately, I don't think this is that useful.

Really? You think the common case is where an attacker controls
connections to a single site?

>
>
>> Another would be to require servers to serve inclusion proofs
>> alongside the cert, once the SCT was past the MMD. This could be done
>> either with OCSP stapling or with the TLS extension.
>
>
> I agree that having the server serve an inclusion proof is the right design
> (and in fact it's what Richard and I contemplated) but this seems
> problematic
> for two reasons:
>
> 1. It's effectively retroactive consistency and so it's a weaker guarantee
> than prevention of compromise. I realize that that's not your objective, but
> it seems like it's a good one. Also, it means that if a client just goes to
> a site once, then compromise may never even be detected.

I agree it is a good objective, but not one I know how to achieve
practically. If you have a plan, I'm all ears.

>
> 2. In order to operate efficiently, it requires that the client be able to
> verify consistency for the specific STH which this is an inclusion proof
> for.
> It's possible that this can be made efficient, especially if you minimize
> the number of STHs to which inclusion proofs are actually issued, but
> all that needs to actually be specified in some way.

Eh? It is specified in 6962-bis.

>
>
>> Next, STH consistency.
>>
>> My preferred plan for this is to add a new leaf type, STH, and require
>> (by policy) all logs to accept STHs from all other logs. Then you add
>> a call to logs that lists the positions of those STHs, so they can be
>> efficiently retrieved. Or maybe just retrieves the latest seen from
>> each log. If inconsistent STHs are ever logged, monitors can detect
>> this. In order to fork a log, you would then have to fork all logs. Of
>> course, monitors and other interested parties could also gossip STHs
>> for added value.
>
>
> That might work, but I think again it requires some notion that there are
> a limited number of STHs which are actually published in practice and
> which there are inclusion proofs to. And then this gets into the efficiency
> analysis that Richard posted in his initial comments.

There are a limited number of STHs, again, required by 6962-bis.

I will have to look again at the efficiency analysis, but I am
sceptical having done the same thing myself when we started the
project!

>
>
>> All of these can be done on top of 6962-bis.
>
>
> Perhaps. However, given that these proposals are pretty essential to
> determining whether the public verifiability part of CT works, it would
> probably be good to have a fully fleshed out design to analyze prior
> to standardizing that piece.
>
> -Ekr
>
>
>>
>>
>> >
>> > -Ekr
>> >
>> >
>> > On Wed, Jan 25, 2017 at 8:03 PM, Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
>> > wrote:
>> >>
>> >> Hi, all:
>> >>
>> >> We've been looking at the discussion and trying to figure
>> >> out next steps.  Because we believe that the mechanisms
>> >> Richard's asking for can be built on top of what's specified
>> >> in 6962-bis, we've decided that we're going to
>> >> continue progressing the document towards publication,
>> >> and look to Richard and EKR to produce a draft specifying
>> >> a mechanism that meets their requirements with the intent
>> >> of adopting it as a working group deliverable.
>> >>
>> >> Thanks,
>> >>
>> >> Melinda
>> >>
>> >
>> >
>> > _______________________________________________
>> > Trans mailing list
>> > Trans@ietf.org
>> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
>> >
>
>


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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Tue, 31 Jan 2017 14:11:14 +0100
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To: Ben Laurie <benl@google.com>
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Cc: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>, "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>, Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
Subject: Re: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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--001a114dcf7818742d054763ad15
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

On Tue, Jan 31, 2017 at 12:51 PM, Ben Laurie <benl@google.com> wrote:

> On 30 January 2017 at 04:39, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
> >
> >
> > On Sun, Jan 29, 2017 at 6:44 PM, Ben Laurie <benl@google.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> On 29 January 2017 at 17:08, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com> wrote:
> >> > Hi Melinda,
> >> >
> >> > Unfortunately, I don't believe that the concerns that we are proposing
> >> > can in fact be plausibly addressed by post-hoc mechanisms on top of
> >> > the 6962-bis structure. To be precise, one might build either:
> >> >
> >> > (a) A system which is not publicly verifiable in which case EEs would
> >> >     only need to handle and provide SCTs and one can and should
> >> >     dispense with much of the Merkle hash tree infrastructure.
> >> >
> >> > (b) A system in which is publicly verifiable in which case the
> >> >     current Merkle hash tree infrastructure seems inadequate and
> >> >     would need to be revised, not just built on top of.
> >> >
> >> > Either of these seem like reasonable WG decisions (though the
> >> > charter pretty clearly contemplates (b)) but the current draft
> >> > doesn't really do either. For that reason, I don't think it makes
> >> > sense to just proceed as-is. Typically for last call comments
> >> > of this magnitude the process would be to discuss them at the
> >> > next IETF. Accordingly, rather than pubreq the draft now,
> >> > we'd ask for agenda time to discuss in Chicago.
> >>
> >> I don't think you're right. In practice, there are mechanisms that
> >> address your concerns, I believe.
> >>
> >> Firstly, its important to understand that the goal of CT is to reveal
> >> misissuance, not to prevent it, nor to deal with it when it occurs.
> >
> >
> > That's a reasonable objective, but as far as I can tell it requires that
> > the client be able to ensure that it is seeing the same thing that the
> > rest of the world sees (i.e., "public" or "end-to-end" verifiability).
> > The concerns that we have raised go to the practicality of achieving
> > that.
>
> Given that CT has revealed a good deal of misissuance it is clear that
> it does not _require_ that, but it is, of course, a desirable
> property.
>
> In other words: don't let the perfect be the enemy of the good.
>

Sorry, I should have been clearer.

As I said in my earlier mail, I think there are several threat models:

- Security if you trust the CAs to accurately log their certs.
- Security if you trust the logs to accurately log certs.
- Security even if you don't trust the logs.

ISTM that the misissuance that CT has revealed is under the first threat
model, namely that the CAs are misbehaving but correctly logging. However
this doesn't require any of the Merkle tree machinery specified here; indeed
it doesn't even require the browser to check SCTs, because these events
happened when people don't check them.


>
> >> Next, STH consistency.
> >>
> >> My preferred plan for this is to add a new leaf type, STH, and require
> >> (by policy) all logs to accept STHs from all other logs. Then you add
> >> a call to logs that lists the positions of those STHs, so they can be
> >> efficiently retrieved. Or maybe just retrieves the latest seen from
> >> each log. If inconsistent STHs are ever logged, monitors can detect
> >> this. In order to fork a log, you would then have to fork all logs. Of
> >> course, monitors and other interested parties could also gossip STHs
> >> for added value.
> >
> >
> > That might work, but I think again it requires some notion that there are
> > a limited number of STHs which are actually published in practice and
> > which there are inclusion proofs to. And then this gets into the
> efficiency
> > analysis that Richard posted in his initial comments.
>
> There are a limited number of STHs, again, required by 6962-bis.
>
> I will have to look again at the efficiency analysis, but I am
> sceptical having done the same thing myself when we started the
> project!
>

It would certainly be very helpful to get your thoughts on why you think
Richard's analysis is wrong.

-Ekr


>
>
>
> >
> >> All of these can be done on top of 6962-bis.
> >
> >
> > Perhaps. However, given that these proposals are pretty essential to
> > determining whether the public verifiability part of CT works, it would
> > probably be good to have a fully fleshed out design to analyze prior
> > to standardizing that piece.
> >
> > -Ekr
> >
> >
> >>
> >>
> >> >
> >> > -Ekr
> >> >
> >> >
> >> > On Wed, Jan 25, 2017 at 8:03 PM, Melinda Shore <
> melinda.shore@gmail.com>
> >> > wrote:
> >> >>
> >> >> Hi, all:
> >> >>
> >> >> We've been looking at the discussion and trying to figure
> >> >> out next steps.  Because we believe that the mechanisms
> >> >> Richard's asking for can be built on top of what's specified
> >> >> in 6962-bis, we've decided that we're going to
> >> >> continue progressing the document towards publication,
> >> >> and look to Richard and EKR to produce a draft specifying
> >> >> a mechanism that meets their requirements with the intent
> >> >> of adopting it as a working group deliverable.
> >> >>
> >> >> Thanks,
> >> >>
> >> >> Melinda
> >> >>
> >> >
> >> >
> >> > _______________________________________________
> >> > Trans mailing list
> >> > Trans@ietf.org
> >> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans
> >> >
> >
> >
>

--001a114dcf7818742d054763ad15
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quo=
te">On Tue, Jan 31, 2017 at 12:51 PM, Ben Laurie <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a h=
ref=3D"mailto:benl@google.com" target=3D"_blank">benl@google.com</a>&gt;</s=
pan> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex=
;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div cl=
ass=3D"h5">On 30 January 2017 at 04:39, Eric Rescorla &lt;<a href=3D"mailto=
:ekr@rtfm.com">ekr@rtfm.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; On Sun, Jan 29, 2017 at 6:44 PM, Ben Laurie &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:benl=
@google.com">benl@google.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; On 29 January 2017 at 17:08, Eric Rescorla &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:e=
kr@rtfm.com">ekr@rtfm.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; Hi Melinda,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; Unfortunately, I don&#39;t believe that the concerns that we =
are proposing<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; can in fact be plausibly addressed by post-hoc mechanisms on =
top of<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; the 6962-bis structure. To be precise, one might build either=
:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; (a) A system which is not publicly verifiable in which case E=
Es would<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0only need to handle and provide SCTs and o=
ne can and should<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0dispense with much of the Merkle hash tree=
 infrastructure.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; (b) A system in which is publicly verifiable in which case th=
e<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0current Merkle hash tree infrastructure se=
ems inadequate and<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0would need to be revised, not just built o=
n top of.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; Either of these seem like reasonable WG decisions (though the=
<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; charter pretty clearly contemplates (b)) but the current draf=
t<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; doesn&#39;t really do either. For that reason, I don&#39;t th=
ink it makes<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; sense to just proceed as-is. Typically for last call comments=
<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; of this magnitude the process would be to discuss them at the=
<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; next IETF. Accordingly, rather than pubreq the draft now,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; we&#39;d ask for agenda time to discuss in Chicago.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; I don&#39;t think you&#39;re right. In practice, there are mechani=
sms that<br>
&gt;&gt; address your concerns, I believe.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Firstly, its important to understand that the goal of CT is to rev=
eal<br>
&gt;&gt; misissuance, not to prevent it, nor to deal with it when it occurs=
.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; That&#39;s a reasonable objective, but as far as I can tell it require=
s that<br>
&gt; the client be able to ensure that it is seeing the same thing that the=
<br>
&gt; rest of the world sees (i.e., &quot;public&quot; or &quot;end-to-end&q=
uot; verifiability).<br>
&gt; The concerns that we have raised go to the practicality of achieving<b=
r>
&gt; that.<br>
<br>
</div></div>Given that CT has revealed a good deal of misissuance it is cle=
ar that<br>
it does not _require_ that, but it is, of course, a desirable<br>
property.<br>
<br>
In other words: don&#39;t let the perfect be the enemy of the good.<br></bl=
ockquote><div><br></div><div>Sorry, I should have been clearer.</div><div><=
br></div><div>As I said in my earlier mail, I think there are several threa=
t models:</div><div><br></div><div>- Security if you trust the CAs to accur=
ately log their certs.</div><div>- Security if you trust the logs to accura=
tely log certs.</div><div>- Security even if you don&#39;t trust the logs.<=
/div><div><br></div><div>ISTM that the misissuance that CT has revealed is =
under the first threat</div><div>model, namely that the CAs are misbehaving=
 but correctly logging. However</div><div>this doesn&#39;t require any of t=
he Merkle tree machinery specified here; indeed</div><div>it doesn&#39;t ev=
en require the browser to check SCTs, because these events</div><div>happen=
ed when people don&#39;t check them.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><bl=
ockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #=
ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class=3D"">
&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Next, STH consistency.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; My preferred plan for this is to add a new leaf type, STH, and req=
uire<br>
&gt;&gt; (by policy) all logs to accept STHs from all other logs. Then you =
add<br>
&gt;&gt; a call to logs that lists the positions of those STHs, so they can=
 be<br>
&gt;&gt; efficiently retrieved. Or maybe just retrieves the latest seen fro=
m<br>
&gt;&gt; each log. If inconsistent STHs are ever logged, monitors can detec=
t<br>
&gt;&gt; this. In order to fork a log, you would then have to fork all logs=
. Of<br>
&gt;&gt; course, monitors and other interested parties could also gossip ST=
Hs<br>
&gt;&gt; for added value.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; That might work, but I think again it requires some notion that there =
are<br>
&gt; a limited number of STHs which are actually published in practice and<=
br>
&gt; which there are inclusion proofs to. And then this gets into the effic=
iency<br>
&gt; analysis that Richard posted in his initial comments.<br>
<br>
</span>There are a limited number of STHs, again, required by 6962-bis.<br>
<br>
I will have to look again at the efficiency analysis, but I am<br>
sceptical having done the same thing myself when we started the<br>
project!<br>
<div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=3D"h5"><span style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34)"=
></span></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>It would certainly be =
very helpful to get your thoughts on why you think</div><div>Richard&#39;s =
analysis is wrong.</div><div><br></div><div>-Ekr</div><div>=C2=A0</div><blo=
ckquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #c=
cc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=3D"h5"><span st=
yle=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34)">=C2=A0</span><br></div></div></blockquote><bloc=
kquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #cc=
c solid;padding-left:1ex"><div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=3D"h5">
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; All of these can be done on top of 6962-bis.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Perhaps. However, given that these proposals are pretty essential to<b=
r>
&gt; determining whether the public verifiability part of CT works, it woul=
d<br>
&gt; probably be good to have a fully fleshed out design to analyze prior<b=
r>
&gt; to standardizing that piece.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; -Ekr<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; -Ekr<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; On Wed, Jan 25, 2017 at 8:03 PM, Melinda Shore &lt;<a href=3D=
"mailto:melinda.shore@gmail.com">melinda.shore@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Hi, all:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; We&#39;ve been looking at the discussion and trying to fi=
gure<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; out next steps.=C2=A0 Because we believe that the mechani=
sms<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Richard&#39;s asking for can be built on top of what&#39;=
s specified<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; in 6962-bis, we&#39;ve decided that we&#39;re going to<br=
>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; continue progressing the document towards publication,<br=
>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; and look to Richard and EKR to produce a draft specifying=
<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; a mechanism that meets their requirements with the intent=
<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; of adopting it as a working group deliverable.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Thanks,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Melinda<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; Trans mailing list<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; <a href=3D"mailto:Trans@ietf.org">Trans@ietf.org</a><br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/trans" rel=
=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/<wbr>listinf=
o/trans</a><br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div>

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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>, Ben Laurie <benl@google.com>
Thread-Topic: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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To: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>, Ben Laurie <benl@google.com>
References: <8f6852d8-05ae-5f72-8c09-0437cc963b2c@gmail.com> <CABcZeBObdV8DFDVpsSYO5_Wg=GH3JdhsNJa=-6mUmzaVNmE0TQ@mail.gmail.com> <CABrd9SRJw4t=hQ4wPBPR1rwsmZ08hiUn3MR+fiz6Fg4Y7iQFEg@mail.gmail.com> <CABcZeBPkzDcFUog+36BtNWBYOYmkfTsfQM7RAJ2h_w4Oc7EUXw@mail.gmail.com> <CABrd9SSShNAx8NUXx0NrNC9A8gNbAVJbczxe4aQeRmuUNjw82g@mail.gmail.com> <CABcZeBO1FuD+RmB73EAMSQgPynxOKNDZu_Gpic3P6rzqXi+WCA@mail.gmail.com> <b3ed4ab44d8547eb9922f93c65c1292b@usma1ex-dag1mb1.msg.corp.akamai.com>
From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
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Date: Tue, 31 Jan 2017 09:41:01 -0900
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Cc: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>, "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
To: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>,
 Ben Laurie <benl@google.com>
Cc: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>, "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>,
 Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
Message-ID: <4c0baba3-f85a-4154-c8af-10f84540cb12@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and
 EKR
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On 1/31/17 7:10 AM, Salz, Rich wrote:
> I again ask the Chairs to determine the consensus and advance this docu=
ment.

We don't have consensus.  We're deadlocked and we're not getting
sufficient input from the working group to break the deadlock.
Paul and I can make a decision on the particular question that's
a problem but it probably means an appeal and further delay.

That said, we're only deadlocked on one particular item (the
description of a conspiring CA attack) and there's been no dissent
on the rest of the document.  I would think it's safe to use it as
the basis for a decision about how to go forward on the issues
raised by Richard and EKR, except that I also anticipate that
they'll argue that the threat model is incomplete.

Frankly, this working group was chartered under the assumption
that the goal was detection, not prevention.

Melinda



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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
To: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>, Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>, "Ben Laurie" <benl@google.com>
Thread-Topic: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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Subject: [Trans] Reminder, WGLC for gossip document
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From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
To: "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <f8948cb9-19dc-b3c7-039e-f9ead453c1f9@gmail.com>
Subject: Reminder, WGLC for gossip document

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Hi, all:

This is a reminder that working group last call for the
gossip draft closes tomorrow.  The URL is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-trans-gossip/.


Thanks,

Melinda


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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Feb 2017 07:51:06 +0100
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Cc: Richard Barnes <rlb@ipv.sx>, "trans@ietf.org" <trans@ietf.org>, Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>, Ben Laurie <benl@google.com>, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
Subject: Re: [Trans] Update on 6962-bis issues raised by Richard Barnes and EKR
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On Tue, Jan 31, 2017 at 7:50 PM, Salz, Rich <rsalz@akamai.com> wrote:

> > We don't have consensus.  We're deadlocked and we're not getting
> > sufficient input from the working group to break the deadlock.
>
> Well, yeah, that's why you get paid the big bucks, right? :)
>
> > Paul and I can make a decision on the particular question that's a
> problem but
> > it probably means an appeal and further delay.
>
> That's the process.
>
> > Frankly, this working group was chartered under the assumption that the
> > goal was detection, not prevention.
>
> That's my perception as well.  Is there anyone who thinks prevention was
> part of the scope?
>

I think this is painting with a bit too broad a brush. One needs to talk
about
detection under a specific threat model, as I indicated previously.
Specifically,
there seem to be a number of potential threat models:

1. CAs make mistakes but aren't malicious.
2. CAs are malicious but logs are not
3. CAs and logs are both malicious

What technological solution is adequate to detect misissuance depends on
which
of these three threat models you think applies.

-Ekr

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
On Tue, Jan 31, 2017 at 7:50 PM, Salz, Rich <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=
=3D"mailto:rsalz@akamai.com" target=3D"_blank">rsalz@akamai.com</a>&gt;</sp=
an> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;=
border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class=3D"">&gt; We don&#=
39;t have consensus.=C2=A0 We&#39;re deadlocked and we&#39;re not getting<b=
r>
&gt; sufficient input from the working group to break the deadlock.<br>
<br>
</span>Well, yeah, that&#39;s why you get paid the big bucks, right? :)<br>
<span class=3D""><br>
&gt; Paul and I can make a decision on the particular question that&#39;s a=
 problem but<br>
&gt; it probably means an appeal and further delay.<br>
<br>
</span>That&#39;s the process.<br>
<span class=3D""><br>
&gt; Frankly, this working group was chartered under the assumption that th=
e<br>
&gt; goal was detection, not prevention.<br>
<br>
</span>That&#39;s my perception as well.=C2=A0 Is there anyone who thinks p=
revention was part of the scope?<br>
</blockquote></div><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra">I think this is pai=
nting with a bit too broad a brush. One needs to talk about</div><div class=
=3D"gmail_extra">detection under a specific threat model, as I indicated pr=
eviously. Specifically,</div><div class=3D"gmail_extra">there seem to be a =
number of potential threat models:</div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br></di=
v><div class=3D"gmail_extra">1. CAs make mistakes but aren&#39;t malicious.=
</div><div class=3D"gmail_extra">2. CAs are malicious but logs are not</div=
><div class=3D"gmail_extra">3. CAs and logs are both malicious<br></div><di=
v class=3D"gmail_extra"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra">What technolog=
ical solution is adequate to detect misissuance depends on which</div><div =
class=3D"gmail_extra">of these three threat models you think applies.</div>=
<div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra">-Ekr<br></d=
iv><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br></div></div>

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